FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Sun, Q Senecal, A Chinachoti, P Faustman, C AF Sun, Q Senecal, A Chinachoti, P Faustman, C TI Effect of water activity on lipid oxidation and protein solubility in freeze-dried beef during storage SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE water activity; freeze-dried beef; lipid oxidation; protein solubility ID HEART SURIMI; MUSCLE PROTEINS; FROZEN STORAGE; FUNCTIONALITY; STABILITY; MEATS; TBARS; ACID; PH AB Ground beef patties (15% fat) were freeze-dried to different a, endpoints and stored at 25degreesC or 49degreesC. Water activity, total moisture (%), lipid oxidation (TBARS@450nm), and protein solubility were evaluated. TBARS @450nm was favored at 49degreesC,but not at 25 degreesC except at high a(w) range (p < 0.05), whereas protein solubility was greater at 25 degreesC than 49degreesC (p < 0.05).TBARS@450nm values at 49degreesC were generally greatest at low a. range (p > 0.05). Protein solubility was lowest at medium a(w) at 49 degreesC (p < 0.05), while at 25 degreesC low a(w) protected protein solubility better than other low or high a(w) values. C1 Sichuan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China. USA, Natrick RD&E Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Food Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Faustman, C (reprint author), Sichuan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China. RI Chinachoti, Pavinee/C-8892-2009; Senecal, Andre/E-6605-2010; OI Faustman, Cameron/0000-0002-8061-5907 NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 23 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 67 IS 7 BP 2512 EP 2516 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb08768.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 603MR UT WOS:000178563900012 ER PT J AU Carmichael, WW AF Carmichael, WW TI Significance of the recent extraction to the postmortem dental identification: A case study SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic odontology; forensic dentistry; extraction sites; bone remodeling AB This case report illustrates the significance of the partially healed extraction site to the postmortem dental identification process. It presents the remains of two individuals with documented extractions-one, 6(1)/(2) months prior to death. the second, only three weeks prior to death These photographs, compiled with others, can be used as a guideline tor the forensic scientist who seldom has the opportunity to Study skeletonized remains. C1 USA, Dent Corps, Div Support Batal 704, Infantry Div Mechanized 4, Ft Hood, TX USA. RP Carmichael, WW (reprint author), POB 237, Johns Isl, SC 29457 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1046 EP 1048 PG 3 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 596UY UT WOS:000178185800021 PM 12353543 ER PT J AU Kennedy, R Clarke, J Boyd, W Cole, T AF Kennedy, R Clarke, J Boyd, W Cole, T TI Reservoir characterization based on design and operational considerations SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Linkages between reservoir purpose, design, and operation have potentially important implications for water quality. Understanding these interactions provides an information base upon which to evaluate the water quality benefits associated with operational management alternatives. Since experiments involving changes to existing reservoir operation are difficult to implement, water quality models offer a reasonable experimental alternative. We compared selected physical, hydrologic, and operational characteristics of U. S. Army Corps of Engineers reservoirs and subsequently identified and characterized thirteen operational/morphometric groupings that may be useful in future modeling experiments. C1 USA, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kennedy, R (reprint author), USA, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 17 IS 3 BP 369 EP 374 DI 10.1080/02705060.2002.9663910 PG 6 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 593WN UT WOS:000178017600004 ER PT J AU Koryak, M Stafford, LJ Reilly, RJ Magnuson, MP AF Koryak, M Stafford, LJ Reilly, RJ Magnuson, MP TI Impacts of steel mill slag leachate on the water quality of a small Pennsylvania stream SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Leachate from a 20 million ton steel mill slag dump significantly influenced the chemistry of a small western Pennsylvania stream, Nine Mile Run. Alkalinity, acidity, pH, calcium, and magnesium were significantly altered by the alkaline leachate that seeped from the toe of the 95 hectare slag dump. These leachates increased the mean pH of the receiving stream from 7.7 to 9.3, and the maximum pH measured was 11.1. Alkalinity decreased, and Ca++ and Mg++ came out of solution forming carbonate flowstone-like layers over the streambed. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. RP Koryak, M (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 1000 Liberty Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 17 IS 3 BP 461 EP 465 DI 10.1080/02705060.2002.9663921 PG 5 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 593WN UT WOS:000178017600015 ER PT J AU Ullrich, A Carroll, M Prigot, J Fagen, J AF Ullrich, A Carroll, M Prigot, J Fagen, J TI Preschoolers' inhibition in their home: Relation to temperament SO JOURNAL OF GENETIC PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE inhibition; preschoolers; stranger anxiety; temperament ID INFANT TEMPERAMENT; BEHAVIORAL-INHIBITION; STRANGER SOCIABILITY; UNFAMILIAR; CHILDREN; QUESTIONNAIRE; MOTHER; ATTACHMENT; SECURITY; PATTERNS AB Researchers assessed 58 preschoolers' reactions to an unfamiliar person and unfamiliar objects in their familiar home environment. Children participated in a 30-min procedure designed to elicit behavioral inhibition, including (a) a free-play period with a stranger present, (b) a structured interaction with the stranger, and (c) uncertainty-eliciting tasks, Behaviors representing the child's reactions toward the mother, stranger, and novel objects were coded, Mothers completed a temperament scale. Preschoolers exhibited behaviors indicative of inhibition toward unfamiliar social and nonsocial stimuli; behaviors remained stable across increasingly intrusive episodes. The approach/withdrawal component of temperament was related to behavioral inhibition. Individual differences in mood did not appear to be related to differences in inhibition. Parent reported temperament was related to researcher-observed behaviors. C1 St Johns Univ, Dept Psychol, Jamaica, NY 11439 USA. US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Fagen, J (reprint author), St Johns Univ, Dept Psychol, Jamaica, NY 11439 USA. EM fagenj@stjohns.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH39449] NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0022-1325 J9 J GENET PSYCHOL JI J. Genet. Psychol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 163 IS 3 BP 340 EP 359 PG 20 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 590PQ UT WOS:000177831600007 PM 12230154 ER PT J AU Eicken, H Krouse, HR Kadko, D Perovich, DK AF Eicken, H Krouse, HR Kadko, D Perovich, DK TI Tracer studies of pathways and rates of meltwater transport through Arctic summer sea ice SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE sea ice; Meltwater flow; permeability; albedo; ablation; heat budget ID MIXED-LAYER; MELT PONDS; ISOTOPE DATA; OCEAN; THICKNESS; COVER; BE-7; BERYLLIUM-7; EVOLUTION; BALANCE AB At the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) program's field site in the northern Chukchi Sea, snow and ice meltwater flow was found to have a strong impact on the heat and mass balance of sea ice during the summer of 1998. Pathways and rates of meltwater transport were derived from tracer studies (H-2 O-18, Be-7, and release of fluorescent dyes), complemented by in situ sea-ice permeability measurements. It was shown that the balance between meltwater supply at the surface (averaging between 3.5 and 10.5 mm d(-1)) and ice permeability (between <10(-11) and >10(-9) m(2)) determines the retention and pooling of meltwater, which in turn controls ice albedo. We found that the seasonal evolution of first-year and multiyear ice permeability and surface morphology determine four distinct stages of melt. At the start of the ablation season (stage 1), ponding is widespread and lateral melt flow dominates. Several tens of cubic meters of meltwater per day were found to drain hundreds to thousands of square meters of ice through flaws and permeable zones. Significant formation of underwater ice, composed between <30 and >50% of meteoric water, formed at these drainage sites. Complete removal of snow cover, increase in ice permeability, and reductions in hydraulic gradients driving fluid flow mark stage 2, concurrent with a reduction in pond coverage and albedo. During stage 3, maximum permeabilities were measured, with surface meltwater penetrating to 1 m depth in the ice and convective overturning and desalination found to dominate the lower layers of first-year and thin multiyear ice. Enhanced fluid flow into flaws and permeable zones was observed to promote ice floe breakup and disintegration, concurrent with increases in pond salinities and Be-7. Advective heat flows of several tens of watts per square meter were derived, promoting widening of ponds and increases in pond coverage. Stage 4 corresponds to freeze-up. Roughly 40% of the total surface melt was retained by the ice cover within the ice matrix as well as in surface and under-ice ponds (with a total net retention of 15%). Based on this work, areas of improvement for fully prognostic simulations of ice albedo are identified, calling for parameterizations of sea-ice permeability and the integration of ice topography and refined ablation schemes into atmosphere-ice-ocean models. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Eicken, H (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RI Eicken, Hajo/M-6901-2016 NR 53 TC 116 Z9 120 U1 6 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS C10 AR 8046 DI 10.1029/2000JC000583 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 638JN UT WOS:000180568000039 ER PT J AU Intrieri, JM Fairall, CW Shupe, MD Persson, POG Andreas, EL Guest, PS Moritz, RE AF Intrieri, JM Fairall, CW Shupe, MD Persson, POG Andreas, EL Guest, PS Moritz, RE TI An annual cycle of Arctic surface cloud forcing at SHEBA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; atmospheric radiation; polar meteorology; clouds; forcing ID RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT; SEA-ICE; FLUXES; OCEAN; ATMOSPHERE; SENSITIVITY; CALIBRATION; ALGORITHM; CLIMATE; IMPACT AB [1] We present an analysis of surface fluxes and cloud forcing from data obtained during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) experiment, conducted in the Beaufort and Chuchki Seas and the Arctic Ocean from November 1997 to October 1998. The measurements used as part of this study include fluxes from optical radiometer sets, turbulent fluxes from an instrumented tower, cloud fraction from a depolarization lidar and ceilometer, and atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles from radiosondes. Clear-sky radiative fluxes were modeled in order to estimate the cloud radiative forcing since direct observation of fluxes in cloud-free conditions created large statistical sampling errors. This was particularly true during summer when cloud fractions were typically very high. A yearlong data set of measurements, obtained on a multiyear ice floe at the SHEBA camp, was processed in 20-day blocks to produce the annual evolution of the surface cloud forcing components: upward, downward, and net longwave and shortwave radiative fluxes and turbulent (sensible and latent heat) fluxes. We found that clouds act to warm the Arctic surface for most of the annual cycle with a brief period of cooling in the middle of summer. Our best estimates for the annual average surface cloud forcings are -10 W m(-2) for shortwave, 38 W m(-2) for longwave, and -6 W m(-2) for turbulent fluxes. Total cloud forcing (the sum of all components) is about 30 W m(-2) for the fall, winter, and spring, dipping to a minimum of -4 W m(-2) in early July. We compare the results of this study with satellite, model, and drifting station data. C1 NOAA, Sci & Technol Corp, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Intrieri, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Sci & Technol Corp, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Intrieri, Janet/D-5608-2015 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; NR 35 TC 200 Z9 201 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS C10 AR 8039 DI 10.1029/2000JC000439 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 638JN UT WOS:000180568000005 ER PT J AU Perovich, DK Tucker, WB Ligett, KA AF Perovich, DK Tucker, WB Ligett, KA TI Aerial observations of the evolution of ice surface conditions during summer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE sea ice; melt ponds; image processing ID ARCTIC SEA-ICE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; BEAUFORT SEA; OCEAN; RADIATION; MODEL; SYSTEM; ALBEDO; PONDS AB [1] During spring and summer, the Arctic pack ice cover undergoes a dramatic change in surface conditions, evolving from a uniform, reflective surface to a heterogeneous mixture of bare ice, melt ponds, and leads. This transformation is accompanied by a significant decrease in areally averaged, integrated albedo. The key factors contributing to this reduction in albedo are the melting of the snow cover, the formation and growth of the melt ponds, and the increase in the open water fraction. To document these changes and enable quantification of the evolution of the ponds throughout the melt season, a program of aerial photography was carried out at the main site of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) program. A modified square pattern, 50 km on a side, surrounding the SHEBA site was flown at altitudes ranging from 1220 to 1830 m. Twelve of these aerial survey photography flights were completed between 20 May and 4 October 1998. The flights took place at approximately weekly intervals at the height of the melt season, with occasional gaps as long as 3 weeks during August and September due to persistent low clouds and fog. In addition, flights on 17 May and 25 July were flown in a closely spaced pattern designed to provide complete photo coverage of a 10-km square centered on the SHEBA main site. Images from all flights were scanned at high resolution and archived on CD-ROMs. Using personal computer image processing software, we have measured ice concentration, melt pond coverage, statistics on size and shape of melt ponds, lead fraction, and lead perimeter for the summer melt season. The ponds began forming in early June, and by the height of the melt season in early August the pond fraction exceeded 0.20. The temporal evolution of pond fraction displayed a rapid increase in mid-June, followed by a sharp decline 1 week later. After the decline, the pond fraction gradually increased until mid-August when the ponds began to freeze. By mid-September the surface of virtually all of the ponds had frozen. The open water fraction varied between 0.02 and 0.05 from May through the end of July. In early August the open water fraction jumped to 0.20 in just a few days owing to ice divergence. Melt ponds were ubiquitous during summer, with number densities increasing from 1000 to 5000 ponds per square kilometer between June and August. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Perovich, DK (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 45 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS C10 AR 8048 DI 10.1029/2000JC000449 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 638JN UT WOS:000180568000053 ER PT J AU Perovich, DK Grenfell, TC Light, B Hobbs, PV AF Perovich, DK Grenfell, TC Light, B Hobbs, PV TI Seasonal evolution of the albedo of multiyear Arctic sea ice SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE sea ice; albedo; ice-albedo feedback ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SURFACE ALBEDO; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATIONS; REFLECTION; FEEDBACK; COVER AB [1] As part of ice albedo feedback studies during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) field experiment, we measured spectral and wavelength-integrated albedo on multiyear sea ice. Measurements were made every 2.5 m along a 200-m survey line from April through October. Initially, this line was completely snow covered, but as the melt season progressed, it became a mixture of bare ice and melt ponds. Observed changes in albedo were a combination of a gradual evolution due to seasonal transitions and abrupt shifts resulting from synoptic weather events. There were five distinct phases in the evolution of albedo: dry snow, melting snow, pond formation, pond evolution, and fall freeze-up. In April the surface albedo was high (0.8-0.9) and spatially uniform. By the end of July the average albedo along the line was 0.4, and there was significant spatial variability, with values ranging from 0.1 for deep, dark ponds to 0.65 for bare, white ice. There was good agreement between surface-based albedos and measurements made from the University of Washington's Convair-580 research aircraft. A comparison between net solar irradiance computed using observed albedos and a simplified model of seasonal evolution shows good agreement as long as the timing of the transitions is accurately determined. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Perovich, DK (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 32 TC 212 Z9 222 U1 8 U2 39 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS C10 AR 8044 DI 10.1029/2000JC000438 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 638JN UT WOS:000180568000020 ER PT J AU Perovich, DK Moritz, RE AF Perovich, DK Moritz, RE TI Untitled - Preface SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Perovich, DK (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS C10 AR 8026 DI 10.1029/2002JC001314 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 638JN UT WOS:000180568000058 ER PT J AU Persson, POG Fairall, CW Andreas, EL Guest, PS Perovich, DK AF Persson, POG Fairall, CW Andreas, EL Guest, PS Perovich, DK TI Measurements near the Atmospheric Surface Flux Group tower at SHEBA: Near-surface conditions and surface energy budget SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE surface energy budget; arctic pack ice meteorology; Arctic annual cycle ID SEA-ICE; TRANSFER-COEFFICIENTS; SOLAR IRRADIANCE; HEAT; SNOW; TEMPERATURE; MODEL; INSTRUMENTATION; SENSITIVITY; CALIBRATION AB [1] Measurements at the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean Experiment (SHEBA) Atmospheric Surface Flux Group (ASFG) tower site from October 1997 to October 1998 are used to describe the annual cycle of the near-surface environment and the surface energy budget (SEB). Comparisons with historical data and climatological estimates suggest that the SHEBA site was 3-8degreesC warmer in March and April. The unique SHEBA profile measurements showed that the mean near-surface environment is strongly stable during 6 winter months, and near neutral or weakly stable during the other months. However, one-hour data show that neutral stratification does occur 25% of the time during the winter. The monthly mean flux profiles suggest that turbulent processes cool the near-surface atmosphere during the winter and warm it during the summer, though the sign of the sensible heat flux is negative during both the winter and July. The SHEBA SEB calculation is unique in its nearly exclusive use of observed rather than derived values. The magnitude of the best estimate of the annual net observed surface energy surplus at SHEBA (8.2 W m(-2)) was consistent with the observed surface ice and snowmelt and was in reasonable agreement with most previous estimates of the net annual SEB over the Arctic pack ice. However, the partitioning of the various components of the SEB differed in the SHEBA data. The SHEBA site had unusually large incoming longwave radiation in the fall and spring, giving an annual mean that was larger by 10.4-19.3 W m(-2). The site also had substantially less incoming solar radiation during most months than in previous estimates, producing a difference in the annual mean of 5.0-9.5 W m(-2) when compared to these estimates. The observed magnitudes of the sensible (-2.2 W m(-2)) and latent (1.1 W m(-2)) heat fluxes at SHEBA were smaller than previous climatological estimates, as were the conductive flux estimates (2.4-5.0 W m(-2)) at this site. Estimates of the measurement errors suggest that they are not likely to alter the conclusions concerning the SEB terms presented here but will prevent us from conclusively determining the reasons for the net thinning of the ice observed during SHEBA. C1 NOAA, ETL, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Persson, POG (reprint author), NOAA, ETL, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 63 TC 177 Z9 179 U1 5 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS C10 AR 8045 DI 10.1029/2000JC000705 PG 35 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 638JN UT WOS:000180568000022 ER PT J AU Richter-Menge, JA McNutt, SL Overland, JE Kwok, R AF Richter-Menge, JA McNutt, SL Overland, JE Kwok, R TI Relating arctic pack ice stress and deformation under winter conditions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE sea ice; stress; deformation; remote sensing ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA-ICE; CO2 SENSITIVITY; CLIMATE MODEL; BEAUFORT SEA; DYNAMICS; SIMULATION; MECHANICS; THICKNESS; SYSTEM AB [1] Together, thermodynamic and dynamic processes determine the thickness distribution of the ice cover on polar oceans, which governs the exchange of energy between the atmosphere and the ocean. Key to the dynamic processes is the mechanical behavior of the ice cover. During the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) field experiment, we deployed sensors to measure the internal ice stress at several locations within a 15 x 15 km area. These measurements are combined with satellite- derived ice motion and imagery products. The objective is to make a first step toward using these data sources for evaluating sea ice dynamics models by assessing whether the stress signal can be qualitatively linked to the regional-scale (10-100 km) deformation activity. Four case studies are presented, each with distinguishing characteristics: consolidation of the seasonal ice zone against the Alaskan coast (5-7 December 1997); advancement of the consolidation zone into the perennial ice pack (11-13 December); extreme divergence (14-17 January); and consolidation of the pack against Wrangel Island and the Siberian coast (20-23 February). The results of this analysis (1) demonstrate that stress measurements are related to the regional deformation behavior of the ice cover, (2) confirm that regional-scale ice dynamics is primarily a function of coastal geometry and sustained, large-scale wind direction and magnitude, (3) provide continued evidence that the ice pack behaves as a granular hardening plastic, and (4) encourage pursuit of efforts to use direct measurements of ice stress and deformation in the formulation and development of sea ice dynamics models. C1 CRREL, Erdc, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Richter-Menge, JA (reprint author), CRREL, Erdc, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RI Kwok, Ron/A-9762-2008 OI Kwok, Ron/0000-0003-4051-5896 NR 39 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS C10 AR 8040 DI 10.1029/2000JC000477 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 638JN UT WOS:000180568000007 ER PT J AU Sturm, M Holmgren, J Perovich, DK AF Sturm, M Holmgren, J Perovich, DK TI Winter snow cover on the sea ice of the Arctic Ocean at the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA): Temporal evolution and spatial variability SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE snow; sea ice; Arctic; SHEBA ID DEPTH-HOAR; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MODEL; CLIMATE; GROWTH AB [1] The evolution and spatial distribution of the snow cover on the sea ice of the Arctic Ocean was observed during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) project. The snow cover built up in October and November, reached near maximum depth by mid-December, then remained relatively unchanged until snowmelt. Ten layers were deposited, the result of a similar number of weather events. Two basic types of snow were present: depth hoar and wind slab. The depth hoar, 37% of the pack, was produced by the extreme temperature gradients imposed on the snow. The wind slabs, 42% of the snowpack, were the result of two storms in which there was simultaneous snow and high winds (> 10 m s(-1)). The slabs impacted virtually all bulk snow properties emphasizing the importance of episodic events in snowpack development. The mean snow depth (n = 21,169) was 33.7 cm with a bulk density of 0.34 g cm(-3) (n = 357, r(2) of 0.987), giving an average snow water equivalent of 11.6 cm, 25% higher than the amount record by precipitation gauge. Both depth and stratigraphy varied significantly with ice type, the greatest depth, and the greatest variability in depth occurring on deformed ice (ridges and rubble fields). Across all ice types a persistent structural length in depth variations of similar to20 m was found. This appears to be the result of drift features at the snow surface interacting with small-scale ice surface structures. A number of simple ways of representing the complex temporal and spatial variations of the snow cover in ice-ocean-atmosphere models are suggested. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab Alaska, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Sturm, M (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab Alaska, POB 35170, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. NR 55 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS C10 AR 8047 DI 10.1029/2000JC000400 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 638JN UT WOS:000180568000050 ER PT J AU Bergman, MI Cole, DM Jones, JR AF Bergman, MI Cole, DM Jones, JR TI Preferred crystal orientations due to melt convection during directional solidification SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE ice; texture; solidification; flow; inner core ID INNER-CORE; ANISOTROPY; ICE AB [1] Directional solidification of salt water results in a preferred crystallographic orientation, with ice platelets growing with their short dimension (the c axis of the hexagonal close packed (hcp) ice crystal) transverse to the growth direction. In the absence of a mean saltwater flow parallel to the solidification interface, the ice platelets, and hence the c axes, are arbitrarily oriented in the plane transverse to growth. Here we report on laboratory experiments on salt water solidifying horizontally from a vertical chill plate. This geometry yields a convectively driven, organized fluid flow parallel to the solidification interface, which we found causes the platelets to trend parallel to the flow direction. This contrasts with previous field and laboratory observations of ice solidifying vertically from salt water in the presence of an externally forced flow, such as an ocean current, where the c axes lie parallel to the flow direction. The results support the hypothesis that transverse textures result from a hydrodynamic interaction with hcp dendritic platelets but highlight the difference between flow driven internally versus externally to the dendritic mushy layer. They also suggest that convective fluid flow may be the cause for the fabric observed in resolidified cracks in sea ice sheets and perhaps that fluid motion in the Earth's outer core may play a role in the seismic anisotropy of the hcp iron inner core. C1 Simons Rock Coll, Dept Phys, Great Barrington, MA 01230 USA. US Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03775 USA. RP Bergman, MI (reprint author), Simons Rock Coll, Dept Phys, Great Barrington, MA 01230 USA. EM bergman@simons-rock.edu NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP PY 2002 VL 107 IS B9 AR 2201 DI 10.1029/2001JB000601 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 634WU UT WOS:000180366100025 ER PT J AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, HE TI Secrecy capacity in the four-state protocol of quantum key distribution SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PRIVACY AMPLIFICATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY AB The process of key distillation from the quantum transmission in quantum key distribution is reviewed, with the objective of calculating the secrecy capacity of the four-state protocol in the presence of an individual attack in which the eavesdropping probe is entangled with the signal states, and states of the probe become correlated with the states measured by the legitimate receiver. Emphasis is placed on information leakage to the eavesdropping probe. The calculation generalizes earlier work to include an arbitrary angle between the signal bases. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM hbrandt@arl.army.mil NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 43 IS 9 BP 4526 EP 4530 DI 10.1063/1.1495072 PG 5 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 585ZC UT WOS:000177556600021 ER PT J AU O'Guinn, ML Turell, MJ AF O'Guinn, ML Turell, MJ TI Effect of triethylamine on the recovery of selected South American alphaviruses, flaviviruses, and bunyaviruses from mosquito (Diptera : Culicidae) pools SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Triethylamine; Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus; Ochlerotatus atropalpus; Culex pipiens; mosquitoes; eastern equine encephalomyelitis ID VIRUS AB We evaluated the effect of triethylamine (TEA) on the recovery of infectious virus from pools of mosquitoes for two South American alphaviruses (eastern equine encephalomyelitis and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis subtypes IIIC and ID), one flavivirus (Ilheus) and two bunyaviruses (Mirim [Guama group] and Itaqui [group C]). Mosquitoes were inoculated intrathoracically with virus, held for 7-10 d at 26degreesC, and handled under one of four regimens before testing for the presence of virus by plaque assay. Mosquitoes were killed by freezing at -70degreesC for 3 min and tested immediately for the presence of virus; killed by freezing at -70degreesC for 3 min and then held at room temperature for I h before testing for the presence of virus; anesthetized with TEA and assayed immediately for the presence of virus; or anesthetized with TEA and then held at room temperature for 1 h before being assayed for the presence of virus. For each of the viruses tested, viral titers in mosquitoes anesthetized with TEA were similar to those in mosquitoes killed by freezing at -70degreesC. Likewise, there was no significant difference in viral titers in mosquitoes anesthetized with TEA and held at room temperature for 1 h or in mosquitoes frozen at -70degreesC and held at room temperature for 1 h before being processed for virus by isolation. Triethylamine is advantageous for the handling of mosquitoes in a field environment. The elimination of the need for a cold chain, without compromising virus recovery, increases the feasibility of conducting research projects requiring the isolation of live virus from mosquitoes in remote tropical environments. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Virol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP O'Guinn, ML (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Virol Div, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 39 IS 5 BP 806 EP 808 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-39.5.806 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 594DE UT WOS:000178032800015 PM 12349865 ER PT J AU Drenkard, K Rigotti, G Hanfling, D Fahlgren, TL LaFrancois, G AF Drenkard, K Rigotti, G Hanfling, D Fahlgren, TL LaFrancois, G TI Healthcare system disaster preparedness, Part 1 - Readiness planning SO JOURNAL OF NURSING ADMINISTRATION LA English DT Article AB Recent world events have raised the scope and intensity of disaster planning and readiness activities, including assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. In all efforts, the chief nurse executive is critical to the clinical operations and implementation of changes across a system. whether that system is a single hospital or a multiple site integrated healthcare system. In this article (part 1 of a 2-part series), the authors discuss the use of the nursing process as a framework to prepare for an all-hazards threat to disaster and mass casualty possibilities. They share one region's attempt to better integrate communication efforts across all care providers, including public health, county fire and rescue, state agencies, and hospital and service providers. Part 2 (October 2002) will discuss the role competencies of the nurse executive in disaster preparation. C1 Inova Hlth Syst, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. Inova Fairfax Hosp, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. USN, Washington, DC USA. USA, Washington, DC USA. RP Drenkard, K (reprint author), Inova Hlth Syst, 2990 Telestar Court, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0002-0443 J9 J NURS ADMIN JI J. Nurs. Adm. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 32 IS 9 BP 461 EP 469 DI 10.1097/00005110-200209000-00008 PG 9 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 595XG UT WOS:000178133400007 PM 12360118 ER PT J AU Smutok, MA Mayo, MF Gabaree, CL Ferslew, KE Panus, PC AF Smutok, MA Mayo, MF Gabaree, CL Ferslew, KE Panus, PC TI Failure to detect dexamethasone phosphate in the local venous blood postcathodic iontophoresis in humans SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE anti-inflammatory agents; cutaneous administration; pharmacokinetics; tissue distribution ID TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY; VASOACTIVE DRUGS; KETOPROFEN; SKIN; LIDOCAINE; TISSUE AB Study Design: A single-blind, 2-factor (4 treatments by 8 time points) repeated-measures study design. Objective: To analytically determine dexamethasone and dexamethasone phosphate concentrations in plasma derived from proximal effluent venous blood, following cathodic iontophoresis. Methods and Measures: Six volunteers received the following dexamethasone phosphate (2.5 ml, 4 mg/ml treatments to their wrists on separate occasions cathodic iontophoresis (4 mA, 10 minutes or 4 mA, 20 minutes), passive application (10 or 20 minutes). Plasma samples from the ipsilateral antecubital vein were obtained 10 minutes prior to and half way through the treatment (5 or 10 minutes), at the end of the treatment (10 or 20 minutes), and posttreatment 1 5, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes). The present investigation examined: (1) the sensitivity and linearity of extraction and analysis of dexamethasone and dexamethasone phosphate; (2) the necessity for determining both; and (3) the plasma levels from proximal effluent venous blood following cathodic iontophoresis, Results: The aggregate (n = 18) of the 6-point standard curves were linear for dexamethasone (r > 0.974) and dexamethasone phosphate (r > 0.829). In vitro dephosphorylation of dexamethasone phosphate to dexamethasone occurred in plasma at 37degreesC and during freeze-thaw Measurable dexamethasone or dexamethasone phosphate concentrations were absent at all time points and under all conditions in the human subjects, Conclusions: These results demonstrate the sensitivity of the current assay and the need for evaluating both forms of the drug, as in vitro dephosphorylation results in the presence of dexamethasone and dexamethasone phosphate in samples, Absence of measurable dexamethasone or dexamethasone phosphate in the proximal effluent venous blood may require re-evaluation of the extent of drug delivery during the clinical iontophoresis of dexamethasone phosphate. C1 E Tennessee State Univ, Coll Publ & Allied Hlth, Dept Phys Therapy, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. E Tennessee State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol, Sect Toxicol, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. RP Panus, PC (reprint author), E Tennessee State Univ, Coll Publ & Allied Hlth, Dept Phys Therapy, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU J O S P T, ALLIANCE GROUP COMMUNICATIONS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 32 IS 9 BP 461 EP 468 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 591JU UT WOS:000177877100007 PM 12322812 ER PT J AU Henretig, FM Cieslak, TJ Eitzen, EM AF Henretig, FM Cieslak, TJ Eitzen, EM TI Biological and chemical terrorism SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH MANAGEMENT; WARFARE AGENTS; CHILDREN; WEAPON; ANTHRAX; OUTBREAK; BIOTERRORISM; EXPOSURE; EFFICACY; MUSTARD C1 Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Emergency Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Poison Control Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Henretig, FM (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Emergency Med, 34th St & Civ Ctr Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 66 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 141 IS 3 BP 311 EP 326 DI 10.1067/mpd.2002.127408 PG 16 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 593EQ UT WOS:000177978500007 PM 12219050 ER PT J AU Sedikides, C Herbst, KC Hardin, DP Dardis, GJ AF Sedikides, C Herbst, KC Hardin, DP Dardis, GJ TI Accountability as a deterrent to self-enhancement: The search for mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; POSITIVE ILLUSIONS; SOCIAL IDENTITY; ESTEEM; INFORMATION; FAILURE; OTHERS; BIAS; ASSESSMENTS; MOTIVATION AB Although self-enhancement is linked to psychological benefits, it is also associated with personal and interpersonal liabilities (e.g., excessive risk taking, social exclusion). Hence, structuring social situations that prompt people to keep their self-enhancing beliefs in check can confer personal and interpersonal advantages. The authors examined whether accountability can serve this purpose. Accountability was defined as the expectation to explain, justify, and defend one's self-evaluations (grades on an essay) to another person ("audience"). Experiment I showed that accountability curtails self-enhancement. Experiment 2 ruled out audience concreteness and status as explanations for this effect. Experiment 3 demonstrated that accountability-induced self-enhancement reduction is due to identifiability. Experiment 4 documented that identifiability decreases self-enhancement because of evaluation expectancy and an accompanying focus on one's weaknesses. C1 Univ Southampton, Dept Psychol, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. St Josephs Univ, Erivan K Haub Sch Business, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA. Univ Tampa, Dept Psychol, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Psychol, W Point, NY USA. RP Sedikides, C (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Dept Psychol, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. NR 131 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0022-3514 J9 J PERS SOC PSYCHOL JI J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 83 IS 3 BP 592 EP 605 DI 10.1037//0022-3514.83.3.592 PG 14 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 587PR UT WOS:000177651200007 PM 12219856 ER PT J AU Field, PE Combs, RJ AF Field, PE Combs, RJ TI Aqueous ammonia vapor-liquid equilibria: Entropy and temperature dependence of Wilson coefficients SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE vapor-liquid equilibria; aqueous ammonia; Wilson equation; solution entropies; temperature correlation; method of calculation ID WATER-SYSTEM; EQUATION; DENSITY; DIOXIDE AB This study extends a model for nonideal solution behavior by considering the temperature dependence of the coefficients in the Wilson equation for the aqueous ammonia system. Twenty-seven isothermal sets of experimental PAT data up to 2 MPa (20 atm) pressure (284 points) were analyzed using an objective function based on the excess Gibbs free energy to determine the pair of Wilson coefficients for each data set. Evaluation of these results supports the interpretation of the interaction parameters in Wilson's equation as temperature-dependent entropy functions. Comparison of computed results is made with four categories of vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data: (1) primary PTXY, (2) refined PTX) (3) secondary PTXY or PTM, and (4) partial. Excellent agreement is found with computed results for all but two of these VLE data sets in the region of rapidly changing vapor composition up to 90 mole % of ammonia. A comparison is also made to the only three previously published single-temperature (isothermal) pairs of Wilson coefficients with better agreement in Y, for all three cases, and in P, for two cases. A straightforward procedure is outlined to estimate any set of PTXY values (in the range P < 2 MPa, Y < 0.9) for the aqueous ammonia system. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USA, SBC Command, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Field, PE (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 31 IS 9 BP 719 EP 742 DI 10.1023/A:1021180923982 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 615LP UT WOS:000179247100003 ER PT J AU Claborn, DM Hshieh, PB Roberts, DR Klein, TA Zeichner, BC Andre, RG AF Claborn, DM Hshieh, PB Roberts, DR Klein, TA Zeichner, BC Andre, RG TI Environmental factors associated with larval habitats of malaria vectors in northern Kyunggi Province, Republic of Korea SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Anopheles sinensis; Anopheles lesteri; Anopheles yatsushiroensis; habitat; Republic of Korea; water quality; Plasmodium vivax ID CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; BELIZE; AREA AB The larval habitats of malaria vectors near the Demilitarized Zone of the Republic of Korea (ROK) were sampled from June through September 2000 to determine larval abundance and to identify environmental factors associated with high larval density. Six primary habitats were identified: rice fields, irrigation ditches, drainage ditches, stream pools, irrigation pools, and marshes. Most habitats harbored similar densities of larvae until August and September, when population densities in rice fields declined and those in irrigation pools increased. The primary vector in the ROK, Anopheles sinensis, occurred in water with a wide range of values for environmental factors, including pH, total dissolved solids, percent of surface covered with floating vegetation, and nitrate and phosphate concentrations. No environmental factor or combination of factors were found that were predictive of high larval densities. This study suggests that larval Anopheles are capable of developing in a wide range of stagnant, freshwater habitats in northern Kyunggi Province, ROK. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. 18th Med Command, Prevent Serv Directorate, Unit 15281, APO, AP 96205 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Entomol Sci Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Claborn, DM (reprint author), Navy Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 178 EP 185 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 747ZR UT WOS:000186837300008 PM 12322939 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC Bucci, JR Cruess, D Taylor, AJ Agodoa, LY AF Abbott, KC Bucci, JR Cruess, D Taylor, AJ Agodoa, LY TI Graft loss and acute coronary syndromes after renal transplantation in the United States. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 13 SU S BP 188A EP 188A PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 589KL UT WOS:000177757500927 ER PT J AU Swanson, J Hale, D Cendales, L Kirk, A Mannon, RB AF Swanson, J Hale, D Cendales, L Kirk, A Mannon, RB TI Monitoring immunosuppression following kidney transplantation: Experience with the Cylex (TM) immune cell function assay SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, OTS, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 13 SU S BP 370A EP 370A PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 589KL UT WOS:000177757501824 ER PT J AU Bucci, JR Oglesby, RJ Agodoa, LY Abbott, KC AF Bucci, JR Oglesby, RJ Agodoa, LY Abbott, KC TI Hospitalizations for total hip arthroplasty after renal transplantation in the United States. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Rheumatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 13 SU S BP 405A EP 405A PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 589KL UT WOS:000177757501993 ER PT J AU Trespalacios, FC Taylor, AJ Agodoa, LY Bakris, GL Abbott, KC AF Trespalacios, FC Taylor, AJ Agodoa, LY Bakris, GL Abbott, KC TI Heart failure as an etiology for hospitalization in chronic dialysis patients. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 13 SU S BP 593A EP 593A PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 589KL UT WOS:000177757502903 ER PT J AU Trespalacios, FC Taylor, AJ Agodoa, LY Abbott, KC AF Trespalacios, FC Taylor, AJ Agodoa, LY Abbott, KC TI Incident acute coronary syndromes in chronic dialysis patients in the United States. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 13 SU S BP 594A EP 594A PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 589KL UT WOS:000177757502906 ER PT J AU Stiles, KP Agodoa, LY Abbott, KC AF Stiles, KP Agodoa, LY Abbott, KC TI Renal cell carcinoma as a cause of end stage renal disease in the United States: Patient characteristics and survival. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Ft Lewis, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 13 SU S BP 624A EP 624A PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 589KL UT WOS:000177757503053 ER PT J AU DeGaetano, MV Kobert, JE Jackson, RO Kiandoli, LC Sabnis, SG Yuan, CM AF DeGaetano, MV Kobert, JE Jackson, RO Kiandoli, LC Sabnis, SG Yuan, CM TI A model of tacrolimus-induced fluid and electrolyte abnormalities in the rat. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. AFIP, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 13 SU S BP 777A EP 777A PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 589KL UT WOS:000177757503802 ER PT J AU Andreas, EL Hicks, BB AF Andreas, EL Hicks, BB TI Comments on "Critical test of the validity of Monin-Obukhov similarity during convective conditions'' SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Andreas, EL (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 10 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 59 IS 17 BP 2605 EP 2607 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 578KC UT WOS:000177115500007 ER PT J AU Watson, SJ AF Watson, SJ TI The news from Brownsville: Helen Chapman's letters from the Texas military frontier, 1848-1852 SO JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Watson, SJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC HISTORIANS EARLY AMERICAN REPUBLIC PI W LAFAYETTE PA PURDUE UNIV, 1358 UNIV HALL, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907-1358 USA SN 0275-1275 J9 J EARLY REPUBL JI J. Early Repub. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3 BP 541 EP 543 DI 10.2307/3124823 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 626KR UT WOS:000179871900015 ER PT J AU Read, J AF Read, J TI Characterization of the lithium/oxygen organic electrolyte battery SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LAMBDA-MNO2 AB The effects that electrolyte and air cathode formulation have on discharge capacity, rate capability, and the rechargeability of the lithium/oxygen organic electrolyte cell were characterized. To characterize the effects of cell formulation on the discharge reaction, we used techniques including static and dynamic gas consumption measurements and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that electrolyte formulation has the largest effect on discharge capacity and rate capability. Electrode processing is also important in determining discharge capacity at low rate. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of the carbon black used to prepare the air electrode is not a significant factor in determining discharge capacity. The discharge product was found to depend on both discharge rate and electrolyte formulation. This is understood in terms of the concentration of oxygen in the electrolyte during discharge. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Read, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 332 Z9 346 U1 19 U2 192 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 149 IS 9 BP A1190 EP A1195 DI 10.1149/1.1498256 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 583JK UT WOS:000177404600014 ER PT J AU Burkland, B Xie, ZY Edgar, JH Ervin, M Chaudhuri, J Farsinivas, S AF Burkland, B Xie, ZY Edgar, JH Ervin, M Chaudhuri, J Farsinivas, S TI Effects of the addition of silane during carbonization on the epitaxy of 3C-SiC on Si SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GROWTH; SI(100); SI(001); SI(111); VOIDS AB By supplying another source of Si during the carbonization step, the Si out-diffusion was suppressed and the voids eliminated. Analysis was performed on both carbonized layers and similar to1 mum grown layers on Si(100) and (111) substrates to compare the results of carbonization with and without silane. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of the carbonized layer on Si(100) revealed that the pits present in the layer carbonized without silane could be suppressed by introducing a small amount of silane (Si/C = 0.05) during the carbonization step. The root-mean-square (rms) roughness of the (100) carbonized layer was reduced from 4.9 to 0.3 nm at this Si to C ratio. AFM images of the Si(111) samples were less conclusive. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the similar to1 mum 3C-SiC epitaxial layers revealed that carbonizing with silane (Si/C = 0.06) improved the 3C-SiC/Si interfaces of both the (100) and (111) samples; the voids at the interface were completely eliminated. SEM images and AFM analysis of the 3C-SiC epitaxial layers showed that the surfaces were smoother when silane was added. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that there is no significant improvement in the crystal quality of the grown layers. Nevertheless, the reduction in surface roughness is beneficial for device fabrication or subsequent heteroepitaxy, such as zinc blende GaN on 3C-SiC/Si(100). (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Wichita State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. RP Burkland, B (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Durland Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 149 IS 9 BP G550 EP G554 DI 10.1149/1.1500349 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 583JK UT WOS:000177404600063 ER PT J AU Ricklin, JC Davidson, FM AF Ricklin, JC Davidson, FM TI Atmospheric turbulence effects on a partially coherent Gaussian beam: implications for free-space laser communication SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL BEAM; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; PROPAGATION; PARAMETERS AB A partially coherent quasi-monochromatic Gaussian laser beam propagating in atmospheric turbulence is examined by using a derived analytic expression for the cross-spectral density function. Expressions for average intensity, beam size, phase front radius of curvature, and wave-front coherence length are obtained from the cross-spectral density function. These results provide a model for a free-space laser transmitter with a phase diffuser used to reduce pointing errors. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20723 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Ricklin, JC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20723 USA. RI Davidson, Frederic /A-3273-2010 NR 30 TC 271 Z9 294 U1 4 U2 48 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1794 EP 1802 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.19.001794 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 586ZP UT WOS:000177616300007 PM 12216873 ER PT J AU Pezzetta, D Sibilia, C Bertolotti, M Ramponi, R Osellame, R Marangoni, M Haus, JW Scalora, M Bloemer, MJ Bowden, CM AF Pezzetta, D Sibilia, C Bertolotti, M Ramponi, R Osellame, R Marangoni, M Haus, JW Scalora, M Bloemer, MJ Bowden, CM TI Enhanced Cerenkov second-harmonic generation in a planar nonlinear waveguide that reproduces a one-dimensional photonic bandgap structure SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-NIOBATE GUIDES; LINBO3 WAVE-GUIDES; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; DISPERSION; MODES AB Second-harmonic generation in the Cerenkov configuration is investigated under conditions for which the use of a linear grating fabricated on top of the waveguide reproduces a photonic bandgap structure. The fundamental mode of the guide at the fundamental frequency is tuned at the photonic band-edge resonance, thus producing great confinement and enhancement of the electromagnetic field inside the structure. The conversion efficiency achieved in both the forward and the backward directions is at least 1 order of magnitude greater than that of a conventional Cerenkov emission in a waveguide of the same length. An analysis of the tolerances of the grating period on the conversion efficiency is presented. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Dipartimento Energet, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Politecn Milan, Inst Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Dayton, Program Electroopt, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Weap Sci Directorate, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Sibilia, C (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Dipartimento Energet, Via A Scarpa 16, I-00161 Rome, Italy. RI Osellame, Roberto/E-6076-2012; Marangoni, Marco/I-6805-2015 OI Osellame, Roberto/0000-0002-4457-9902; Marangoni, Marco/0000-0002-0522-149X NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 19 IS 9 BP 2102 EP 2110 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.19.002102 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 591LL UT WOS:000177881600019 ER PT J AU D'Aguanno, G Centini, M Scalora, M Sibilia, C Bertolotti, M Bloemer, MJ Bowden, CM AF D'Aguanno, G Centini, M Scalora, M Sibilia, C Bertolotti, M Bloemer, MJ Bowden, CM TI Generalized coupled-mode theory for ((2))(X) interactions in finite multilayered structures SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTONIC BAND-GAP; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; PERIODIC STRUCTURES; DEEP GRATINGS; ENHANCEMENT; LIGHT; EDGE AB Using a first-order multiple-scale expansion approach, we derive a set of coupled-mode equations that describe both forward and backward second-harmonic generation and amplification processes in nonlinear, one-dimensional, multilayered structures of finite length. The theory is valid for index modulation of arbitrary depth and profile. We derive analytical solutions in the undepleted pump regime under different pumping circumstances. The model shows excellent agreement with the numerical integration of Maxwell's equations. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Dipartimento Energet, I-00161 Rome, Italy. USA, Weap Sci Directorate, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP D'Aguanno, G (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Dipartimento Energet, Via A Scarpa 16, I-00161 Rome, Italy. OI D'Aguanno, Giuseppe/0000-0002-7132-0103 NR 21 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 19 IS 9 BP 2111 EP 2121 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.19.002111 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 591LL UT WOS:000177881600020 ER PT J AU Haus, JW Soon, BY Scalora, M Sibilia, C Mel'nikov, IV AF Haus, JW Soon, BY Scalora, M Sibilia, C Mel'nikov, IV TI Coupled-mode equations for Kerr media with periodically modulated linear and nonlinear coefficients SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTONIC BAND-EDGE; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; PULSE-PROPAGATION; GAP STRUCTURES; WAVE-GUIDES; SOLITONS AB We apply the multiple-scales formalism to derive a complete set of equations for a finite medium with periodic linear and nonlinear Kerr optical coefficients. The equations for a single-frequency field reveal three new, nonlinear terms that are related to the difference in the Kerr nonlinearity in two-component media. The nonlinear evolution of coupled forward and backward fields in a multilayered film is numerically simulated by a spectral method. We examine the linear stability of the steady-state solution for an infinite medium and extend previous discussions of modulational instabilities to the new set of equations. We find that the inhomogeneous coefficient can selectively suppress modulational instability in the longitudinal or transverse direction. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USA, Missile Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Weapons Sci Directorate,AMSMI RD WS ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Energet, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Ingn & Ciencias Aplicadas, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Gen Phys, Moscow 117942, Russia. RP Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM jwhaus@udayton.edu NR 25 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 19 IS 9 BP 2282 EP 2291 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.19.002282 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 591LL UT WOS:000177881600039 ER PT J AU Griffith, BC Morey, AF Ali-Khan, MM Canby-Hagino, E Foley, JP Rozanski, TA AF Griffith, BC Morey, AF Ali-Khan, MM Canby-Hagino, E Foley, JP Rozanski, TA TI Single dose levofloxacin prophylaxis for prostate biopsy in patients at low risk SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; biopsy; antibiotic prophylaxis; ofloxacin AB Purpose: We determine if a single 500 mg. oral tablet of levofloxacin represents adequate prophylaxis for patients at low risk who undergo transrectal prostate biopsy. Materials and Methods: From April 2000 to May 2001 we prospectively evaluated 400 consecutive men who underwent transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate after a single 500 mg. oral dose of levofloxacin. Under an institutional review board approved protocol the drug was issued under a standing order by a clinic nurse 30 to 60 minutes before the procedure. Patients were issued 2 additional daily doses of levofloxacin if they were deemed at increased risk for infectious complications, that is if they had a large prostate more than 75 cc, diabetes mellitus, recent steroid use, severe voiding dysfunction or immune compromise. No patient received a cleansing enema before the procedure. Complications, the number of biopsy cores, prostate size and cancer detection rates were assessed. Results: Only 1 of the 377 patients at low risk in whom biopsy was completed experienced a symptomatic urinary tract infection (0.27%). None of the 23 men at high risk who received additional doses of levofloxacin experienced a complication. Thus, the overall infection rate was 1 of 400 cases (0.25%) in this series. A mean of 7 biopsy cores (range 2 to 16) was obtained per patient and mean prostate volume was 49.75 cc (range 12 to 150). Prostate cancer was present in 93 patients (23%). Conclusions: A single 500 mg. dose of levofloxacin before transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate is effective and safe in patients at low risk. The administration of prophylaxis by a clinic nurse under a standing order optimizes patient compliance and physician efficiency. In patients at higher risk for infection additional antibiotic administration appears to provide adequate prophylaxis. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Griffith, BC (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 8 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 168 IS 3 BP 1021 EP 1023 AR UNSP 0022-5347/02/1683-1021/0 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000025794.38251.84 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 585TA UT WOS:000177539600027 PM 12187213 ER PT J AU Lewis, JB Wolgast, KA Ward, JA Morey, AF AF Lewis, JB Wolgast, KA Ward, JA Morey, AF TI Outpatient anterior urethroplasty: Outcome analysis and patient selection criteria SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 96th Annual Meeting of the American-Urological-Association CY JUN 02-07, 2001 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Urol Assoc DE urethra; urethral stricture; ambulatory surgical procedures; patient selection ID DAY-CASE SURGERY; URETHRAL STRICTURE; INTERNAL URETHROTOMY; MANAGEMENT; UROLOGY AB Purpose: We compared the outcomes of anterior urethroplasty for stricture disease performed on an outpatient and an inpatient basis. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of 78, 1-stage anterior urethroplasties performed via excision with primary anastomosis, buccal mucosal graft or penile fasciocutaneous skin flap techniques from September 1997 to December 2000 by a single surgeon (A. F. M.). All patients had more than 1 year of followup (range 1 to 4.5). Of the graft procedures only those in the bulbar urethra were included in analysis. Outpatient procedures were defined as those in which the patient was discharged home within 24 hours. Clinical outcome was considered a failure when instrumentation was required postoperatively. Results: Of the 78 anterior urethral repairs 54 (69%) were performed on an outpatient basis, including 50 (93%) in which the outcome was successful compared with 88% (21) of the 24 inpatient procedures. Excision with primary anastomosis had the highest outpatient rate (28 of 31 patients or 90%), followed by penile skin flaps (16 of 25 or 64%) and buccal mucosal grafts (10 of 22 or 45%). Patient characteristics were significantly associated with outpatient procedures, including younger mean age (36 versus 46 years), shorter mean stricture length (3.1 versus 6.6 cm.) and shorter mean operative time (3.2 versus 4.66 hours) (p <0.05). Conclusions: Anterior urethral reconstruction can often be completed safely and effectively on an outpatient basis. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Lewis, JB (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 8 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 168 IS 3 BP 1024 EP 1026 AR UNSP 0022-5347/02/1683-1024/0 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000025400.77578.72 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 585TA UT WOS:000177539600028 PM 12187214 ER PT J AU Raengsakulrach, B Nisalak, A Maneekarn, N Yenchitsomanus, P Limsomwong, C Jairungsri, A Thirawuth, V Green, S Kalayanarooj, S Suntayakorn, S Sittisombut, N Malasit, P Vaughn, DW AF Raengsakulrach, B Nisalak, A Maneekarn, N Yenchitsomanus, P Limsomwong, C Jairungsri, A Thirawuth, V Green, S Kalayanarooj, S Suntayakorn, S Sittisombut, N Malasit, P Vaughn, DW TI Comparison of four reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction procedures for the detection of dengue virus in clinical specimens SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE dengue virus; diagnosis; RT-PCR ID RAPID IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC TEST; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M ANTIBODIES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INDIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; CAPTURE ELISA; IDENTIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; SEROTYPE AB The sensitivity of dengue virus identification by mosquito inoculation and four reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedures (Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 45 (1991) 418 (H); J. Clin. Microbiol. 29 (1991) 2107 (M); J. Clin. Microbiol. 30 (1992) 545 (L); and Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health 27 (1996) 228 (Y)) were compared using coded clinical specimens derived from areas in Thailand where all four dengue serotypes circulate. The sensitivity of virus detection in serologically confirmed dengue cases was 54, 52, 60, 79, and 80% for mosquito inoculation, procedures H, M, L and Y, respectively. In comparison to clinical specimens which yielded virus isolates by mosquito inoculation, there was relatively low sensitivity in detecting each of the four dengue serotypes by PCR: procedure H-dengue 4 (25%), procedure M-dengue 3 (73%), procedure L-dengue 1 (70%), and procedure Y-dengue 1 (79%). Dengue virus was detectable by RT-PCR for more days of illness and in the presence of dengue-specific antibody when compared to virus isolated in mosquitoes. Procedures L and Y were more sensitive than mosquito inoculation or procedures H and M in detecting all four dengue serotypes in clinical specimens and may be the RT-PCR methods of choice for virus surveillance or research use. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kamphaeng Phet Prov Hosp, Minist Publ Hlth, Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. Bangkok Childrens Hosp, Minist Publ Hlth, Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, Worcester, MA USA. Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med,Dept Res & Dev,Div Med Mol Biol, Off Res & Dev,Siriraj Med Mol Biol Unit, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. USA, Med Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Raengsakulrach, B (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med,Dept Res & Dev,Div Med Mol Biol, Off Res & Dev,Siriraj Med Mol Biol Unit, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. NR 44 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD SEP PY 2002 VL 105 IS 2 BP 219 EP 232 AR PII S0166-0934(02)00104-0 DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(02)00104-0 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 601GT UT WOS:000178438700004 PM 12270655 ER PT J AU Rao, M Bray, M Alving, CR Jahrling, P Matyas, GR AF Rao, M Bray, M Alving, CR Jahrling, P Matyas, GR TI Induction of immune responses in mice and monkeys to ebola virus after immunization with liposome-encapsulated irradiated ebola virus: Protection in mice requires CD4(+) T cells SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZAIRE VIRUS; GUINEA-PIGS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; MARBURG VIRUS; INFECTION; LYMPHOCYTES; PEPTIDES; ANTIGEN; VACCINE; MACROPHAGES AB Ebola Zaire virus (EBO-Z) causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans, with a high mortality rate. It is thought that a vaccine against EBO-Z may have to induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to successfully confer protection. Because it is known that liposome-encapsulated antigens induce both antibody and cellular responses, we evaluated the protective efficacy of liposome-encapsulated irradiated EBO-Z [L(EV)], which contains all of the native EBO-Z proteins. In a series of experiments, mice immunized intravenously with L(EV) were completely protected (94/94 mice) against illness and death when they were challenged with a uniformly lethal mouse-adapted variant of EBO-Z. In contrast, only 55% of mice immunized intravenously with nonencapsulated irradiated virus (EV) survived challenge, and all became ill. Treatment with anti-CD4 antibodies before or during immunization with L(EV) eliminated protection, while treatment with anti-CD8 antibodies had no effect, thus indicating a requirement for CD4(+) T lymphocytes for successful immunization. On the other hand, treatment with either anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 antibodies after immunization did not abolish the protection. After immunization with L(EV), antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)secreting CD4(+) T lymphocytes were induced as analyzed by enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody treatment abolished IFNgamma production (80 to 90% inhibition compared to that for untreated mice). Mice immunized with L(EV), but not EV, developed cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific to two peptides (amino acids [aa] 161 to 169 and aa 231 to 239) present in the amino-terminal end of the EBO-Z surface glycoprotein. Because of the highly successful results in the mouse model, L(EV) was also tested in three cynomolgus monkeys. Although immunization of the monkeys with L(EV)-induced virus-neutralizing antibodies against EBO-Z caused a slight delay in the onset of illness, it did not prevent death. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Headquarters, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Matyas, GR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Mangala.Rao@Na.Amedd.Army.Mil NR 33 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 76 IS 18 BP 9176 EP 9185 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.18.9176-9185.2002 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 587TF UT WOS:000177658500020 PM 12186901 ER PT J AU Minnich, JM AF Minnich, JM TI The denuclearization of North Korea: A critical analysis of the 1994 Agreed Framework SO KOREAN JOURNAL OF DEFENSE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Defense Analysis Seminar CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2002 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA AB The denuclearization of North Korea, a formalized policy objective of the United States since the signing of the 1994 Agreed Framework, is Washington's singularly most important objective regarding Pyongyang. The Agreed Framework is all accord that provides North Korea two light-water reactors in exchange for the elimination of its capabilities to produce nuclear weapons. However, many debates have arisen over the soundness of this policy option. The purpose of this paper is to assess the viability of the Agreed Framework as a policy option for achieving the permanent or longterm denuclearization of North Korea. The evidence presented in this paper suggests that the Agreed Framework is all unacceptable denuclearization. policy option for three reasons: (1) political and economic engagement is currently undesirable; (2) Light-Water Reactors (LWRs) produce fissile material that call be used to create nuclear weapons; and (3) LWRs cannot safely operate on North Korea's decrepit power grid. C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Minnich, JM (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KOREAN INST DEFENSE ANALYSES PI SEOUL PA OFFICE RESEARCH COOPERATION, PO BOX 250,, SEOUL 130-650, SOUTH KOREA SN 1016-3271 J9 KOREAN J DEF ANAL JI Korean J. Def. Anal. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 14 IS 2 BP 5 EP 28 PG 24 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 597DJ UT WOS:000178206600001 ER PT J AU Getsinger, KD Madsen, JD Koschnick, T Netherland, MD AF Getsinger, KD Madsen, JD Koschnick, T Netherland, MD TI Whole lake fluridone treatments for selective control of Eurasian watermilfoil: I. Application strategy and herbicide residues SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Sonar AS; aquatic plant control; invasive species; low-dose herbicide. ID HYDRILLA AB The herbicide fluridone is being used in northern lakes and reservoirs to control the exotic species Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.). Since quantitative information linking changes in plant communities following fluridone applications is limited, particularly with respect to water residue records, a study was conducted to investigate the effect of low-dose treatments on the submersed plant communities in four Michigan lakes. The overall study objective was to determine whether plant species diversity and frequency of occurrence were affected by low-dose fluridone applications in the year of treatment. The primary objective of this portion of the overall study was to provide an application strategy that would maintain a threshold dose of fluridone, 5 mug.L-1 declining to 2 mug.L-1, in the treated lakes to selectively control Eurasian watermilfoil. Study lakes were 55 to 220 ha in size and contained an average of nine species of submersed plants. Big Crooked, Camp, Lobdell, and Wolverine lakes were treated in mid-May 1997 with the formulation Sonar(R) AS, to yield an initial concentration of 5 mug.L-1 fluridone in the upper 3.05 m of each lake. A sequential application of Sonar(R)AS was conducted on each lake at 16 to 21 days after initial treatment (DAIT), intended to re-establish a fluridone concentration of 5 mug.L-1 in the upper 3.05 m of each lake. Bass, Big Seven, Clear, and Heron lakes received no fluridone applications and served as untreated reference sites. Water residue samples were collected at prescribed intervals on each fluridone-treated lake from pretreatment up to 81 DAIT. Samples were collected from six littoral stations and from two deep locations throughout each take, and temperature profiles were measured at the deep stations. Fluridone residues were analyzed using two separate techniques, the newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the standard high performance liquid chromatography method. Fluridone levels on three Of the treated lakes met the laboratory-derived criteria for achieving good control of Eurasian watermilfoil by providing a peak concentration of approximately 5 mug.L-1 during the first 2 weeks posttreatment, and by maintaining a concentration >2 mug.L-1 through 60 DAIT. Residues became well mixed in the water column under isothermal conditions, and thermal stratification prevented mixing of fluridone into deeper and colder waters. Residue data indicated that thermal stratification, or the lack thereof, at the time of herbicide application can affect target herbicide concentrations. Using the volume of a pre-selected depth zones to calculate the amount of fluridone needed to achieve a particular target concentration can result in an over- or under-dosing of a water body. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Minnesota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Trafton Sci Ctr S242, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Aquat & Invas Plants, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. SePRO Corp, Carmel, IN 46032 USA. RP Getsinger, KD (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 7 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 181 EP 190 PG 10 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 607BV UT WOS:000178771300001 ER PT J AU Madsen, JD Getsinger, KD Stewart, RM Owens, CS AF Madsen, JD Getsinger, KD Stewart, RM Owens, CS TI Whole lake fluridone treatments for selective control of Eurasian watermilfoil: II. Impacts on submersed plant communities SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Sonar AS; aquatic plant control; invasive species; low-dose herbicide; non-target plants ID MYRIOPHYLLUM-SPICATUM; NEW-YORK; HYDRILLA; GEORGE AB The aquatic herbicide fluridone is being used in northern tier states to selectively control the submersed exotic species Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) growing in takes and reservoirs. Reliable quantitative information linking changes in the submersed plant community following fluridone applications is limited, particularly with respect to water residue records. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate the effect of low-dose fluridone treatments on the submersed plant communities in four takes in Michigan. The overall study objective was to determine whether submersed plant species diversity and frequency were impacted by low-dose fluridone applications in the year of treatment, when targeting a whole lake for Eurasian watermilfoil control. The primary objectives of this portion (part 11) of the overall study was to determine fluridone effectiveness on the exotic submersed species Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) and to evaluate shifts in plant species diversity at one year posttreatment. Secondary objectives included determining fluridone effectiveness on the exotic submersed species curlyleaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus L.) and verifying laboratory-derived results of fluridone concentration and exposure time relationships with respect to efficacy against Eurasian watermilfoil. Quantitative sampling of vegetation was performed using point-based frequency of species occurrence to evaluate whole-lake distribution and diversity of the submersed plant community of all eight study lakes. The technique was implemented using global positioning and geographic information systems, with a minimum grid resolution of 50 in by 50 in. Plant surveys were conducted in early to mid May and,in mid August in 1997 (year of treatment) and 1998 (12 and 15 months posttreatment). The fluridone concentration and exposure time (CET) relationship resulted in good to excellent control of Eurasian watermilfoil through 15 months posttreatment on three of the treated lakes (Big Crooked, Camp, and Lobdell). On a fourth lake, Wolverine, the required CET relationship was not maintained and poor control of Eurasian water milfoil was observed. There was no strong evidence of long-term curlyleaf pondweed control in any of the fluridone-treated lakes. The herbicide application strategy used in this study did not significantly impact the native plant species diversity or cover in the year of treatment, or through 15 months posttreatment, in any of the fluridone-treated lakes. Native plant, cover was maintained at levels >70% in the year of treatment and at one year posttreatment; a level above the range (20 to 40%) recommended for healthy fish and wildlife habitat. The selective control of Eurasian watermilfoil achieved in this study verified results from previously conducted laboratory and outdoor mesocosm evaluations. C1 Minnesota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Trafton Sci Ctr S242, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. RP Madsen, JD (reprint author), Minnesota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Trafton Sci Ctr S242, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 21 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 191 EP 200 PG 10 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 607BV UT WOS:000178771300002 ER PT J AU Subhash, G Dowding, RJ Kecskes, LJ AF Subhash, G Dowding, RJ Kecskes, LJ TI Characterization of uniaxial compressive response of bulk amorphous Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni-Be alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE vitreloy-1; strain-rate sensitivity; compressive strength; shear banding ID METALLIC-GLASS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; FRACTURE; ZR41.2TI13.8CU12.5NI10.0BE22.5; BEHAVIOR; FLOW AB Uniaxial compressive response of bulk amorphous Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni-Be alloy, also called as Vitreloy-1, was investigated at quasistatic and high strain rates in the range of 10(-3) and 10(3) s(-1), respectively. The Vitreloy-1 specimens exhibited elastic response followed by catastrophic fracture along a narrow shear band. The ultimate strength of the specimens varied between 1800 and 2200 MPa irrespective of the strain rate and independent of the aspect ratio of the specimens. The quasistatically deformed specimens fractured into two or three large fragments. The fracture surfaces were relatively smooth and revealed well developed and uniformly distributed veinal pattern. The dynamically loaded specimens, on the other hand, fractured into several fragments with relatively rough fracture surfaces containing nonuniformly distributed and partially developed veinal patterns. Evidence of melting in the form of 'liquid bubbles' was also observed along the cracks on the fracture surfaces of the specimens subjected to high strain-rate loading. A comparison of the mechanical response of Vitreloy-1 with other bulk metallic glass systems is also presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, AMSRL,WM,MD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Subhash, G (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Engn Mech, 815 RL Smith ME-EM Bldg,1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM subhash@mtu.edu RI Kecskes, Laszlo/F-6880-2014; Dowding, Robert/F-1469-2015 OI Kecskes, Laszlo/0000-0002-1342-3729; Dowding, Robert/0000-0002-4763-2131 NR 29 TC 104 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 334 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 40 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01768-3 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01768-3 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 580LL UT WOS:000177236000006 ER PT J AU Huestis, BJ AF Huestis, BJ TI Jury nullification: Calling for candor from the bench and bar SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article ID JUSTICE; JURIES; LAW C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Huestis, BJ (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 173 BP 68 EP 123 PG 56 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 625RW UT WOS:000179830200002 ER PT J AU Renshaw, JA AF Renshaw, JA TI The price of vigilance, attacks on American surveillance flights SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, 50th Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Renshaw, JA (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 173 BP 143 EP 152 PG 10 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 625RW UT WOS:000179830200005 ER PT J AU Meyer, KV AF Meyer, KV TI Rise to rebellion SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, 50th Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Meyer, KV (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, 50th Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 173 BP 153 EP 159 PG 7 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 625RW UT WOS:000179830200006 ER PT J AU Shrewsbury, SM AF Shrewsbury, SM TI Marbury v. Madison: The origins and legacy of judicial review SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, 50th Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Shrewsbury, SM (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 173 BP 160 EP 168 PG 9 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 625RW UT WOS:000179830200007 ER PT J AU Wolf, L Wolf, M Snavely, M Staudenmeier, JJ AF Wolf, L Wolf, M Snavely, M Staudenmeier, JJ TI Untitled SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Wolf, L (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 167 IS 9 BP II EP II PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EA UT WOS:000181421200001 PM 12363175 ER PT J AU Hudson, T Grimes, S AF Hudson, T Grimes, S TI Life support for trauma and transport: First field use SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB During the Persian Gulf War, the U.S. Army Medical Department (AMEDD) found evacuation distances for patients increasing as a result of the fast movement of the forward line of troops. Thus, there is a need for a trauma and intensive care transport system that avoids the medical dangers that accompany such evacuation distances. In 1998, after a few years of research and development, the AMEDD introduced a prototype transport "trauma pod" called the LSTAT (Life Support for Trauma and Transport). In March 2000, the LSTAT was issued to the 212th Mobile Army Surgical Hospital that deployed to Camp Bondsteel, Kosovo, for its first real-world fielding. This article describes the initial Kosovo fielding phase, highlighting the LSTAT benefits, advantages to military medicine, and recommended enhancements. C1 White House Med Unit, Washington, DC 20502 USA. USA, Interserv Phys Assistant Program, Acad Hlth Sci, Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USA, Interserv Phys Assistant Program, Acad Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Hudson, T (reprint author), White House Med Unit, Washington, DC 20502 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 167 IS 9 BP 705 EP 710 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EA UT WOS:000181421200003 PM 12363157 ER PT J AU Cowan, DN Lange, JL Heller, J Kirkpatrick, J DeBakey, S AF Cowan, DN Lange, JL Heller, J Kirkpatrick, J DeBakey, S TI A case-control study of asthma among US army Gulf War Veterans and modeled exposure to oil well fire smoke SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Objective: Thousands of American troops were exposed to oil well fire smoke during the Persian Gulf War, but the actual impact of this on their health is unknown. To assess the potential association between physician-diagnosed asthma and objective estimates of oil fire smoke, we conducted a case-control study of Army Gulf War veterans. Methods: Subjects were participants in the Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Program. Cases had physician-diagnosed asthma; controls were selected from the population of noncases. The two estimates of exposure were cumulative exposure and number of days at high levels. Results: A total of 873 cases and 2,464 controls were included. Significant associations were observed between asthma and both estimates of exposure, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.4 (95% confidence interval = 1.1-1.8) for both the highest levels of cumulative exposure and days exposed to high levels. A dose response was observed for both exposure measures. Conclusions: We found significant associations between asthma and oil fire smoke exposure. Because much of the medical history was not available, an etiological association cannot be determined from this study, and additional research is needed. C1 Fed Hlth Care, Affiliated Comp Serv, Falls Church, VA USA. USA, Deployment Environm Surveillance Program, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Cowan, DN (reprint author), Fed Hlth Care, Affiliated Comp Serv, Falls Church, VA USA. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 167 IS 9 BP 777 EP 782 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EA UT WOS:000181421200017 PM 12363171 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC Agodoa, LY AF Abbott, KC Agodoa, LY TI Hospitalizations for valvular heart disease in chronic dialysis patients in the United States SO NEPHRON LA English DT Article DE valvular heart disease; aortic; mitral; hospitalization; complications; dialysis; USRDS; age; African-American; erythropoietin; heart failure ID STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; AORTIC-STENOSIS; HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; VALVE REPLACEMENT; CALCIFICATION; MORTALITY; RISK; FAILURE AB Background. Valvular heart disease has not been studied in a national population of end stage renal disease patients. Methods: 327,993 dialysis patients in the United States Renal Data System initiated from 1 January 1992 to 30 June 1997 were analyzed in a historical cohort study of patients hospitalized for valvular heart disease (ICD9 Code 424.x, excluding endocarditis, and 394.x-397.x). Results: 2,778 dialysis patients were hospitalized for VHD (incidence rate, 3.57 per 1,000 person years), and dialysis patients had an age-adjusted incidence ratio for valvular heart disease of 5.06 (95% confidence interval, 4.00-6.42) compared to the general population in 1996. In Cox regression analysis, time to hospitalization for valvular heart disease was associated with earlier year of first dialysis, increased age, congestive heart failure and use of erythropoietin prior to dialysis, while African-American race (AHR 0.62, 0.52-0.74) was associated with decreased risk of hospitalization for valvular heart disease. Patients hospitalized for valvular heart disease had increased mortality compared to all other dialysis patients (adjusted hazard ratio by Cox regression 1.35, 95% Cl, 1.25-1.46). Conclusions: Dialysis patients were at increased risk for hospitalizations for valvular heart disease compared to the general population, which substantially decreased patient survival. The reasons for the decreased risk of African-Americans on chronic dialysis for this complication should be the subject of future trials. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NIDDKD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0028-2766 J9 NEPHRON JI Nephron PD SEP PY 2002 VL 92 IS 1 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1159/000064476 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 589YE UT WOS:000177788500006 PM 12187083 ER PT J AU Marotta, D Marini, A Banaudha, K Maharaj, S Ives, J Morrissette, CR Jonas, WB AF Marotta, D Marini, A Banaudha, K Maharaj, S Ives, J Morrissette, CR Jonas, WB TI Non-linear effects of cycloheximide in glutamate-treated cultured rat cerebellar neurons SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cycloheximide; excitotoxicity; hormesis; N-methyl-D-aspartate; 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide ID METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; LOW-DOSE GLUTAMATE; GRANULE CELLS; APOPTOSIS; 1-METHYL-4-PHENYLPYRIDINIUM; NEUROPROTECTION; HYPOTHESIS; TOXICITY; RECEPTOR; ACID AB Multiple cell types and organisms across a wide array of phyla and a variety of toxins demonstrate non-linear dose responses to low-level chemical exposures with high doses inhibiting cellular function and low doses stimulating function. We tested whether such non-linear responses to low and ultra-low dose N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) or cycloheximide moderated toxic glutamate exposure in cultured cerebellar granule cells. Neurons were incubated over 72 h with successive NMDA, MPP+ iodide or cycloheximide additions producing specified low (10(-5), 10(-7), 10(-9) 10(-11), and 10(-13) M) and ultra-low (10(-27), 10(-29), 10(-63), and 10(-65) M) concentrations. Subsequently these neuronal cells were exposed to a 50% excitotoxic concentration of glutamate for 24 h. Neuronal viability was significantly reduced in neurons treated with micromolar (10(-5) M) cycloheximide whereas viability was enhanced in neurons treated with an ultra-low dose exposure of 10(-27) M cycloheximide. Neither NMDA nor MPP+ elicited harmful or protective responses. This is the first report demonstrating non-linear dose-response effects of cycloheximide in low and ultra-low concentration ranges. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol & Neurosci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Samueli Inst Informat Biol, Program Neuroprotect, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Environm & Toxicol Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neuropharmacol & Mol Biol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Stat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Jonas, WB (reprint author), Samueli Inst, 121 S St Asaph St, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. FU NCCIH NIH HHS [AT 00178-01] NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SEP PY 2002 VL 23 IS 3 BP 307 EP 312 AR PII S0161-813X(02)00058-X DI 10.1016/S0161-813X(02)00058-X PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 602UH UT WOS:000178522500005 PM 12387359 ER PT J AU Sulsky, SI Mundt, KA Bigelow, C Amoroso, PJ AF Sulsky, SI Mundt, KA Bigelow, C Amoroso, PJ TI Risk factors for occupational knee related disability among enlisted women in the US Army SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INJURY; DISORDERS; JOINT; HIP; OSTEOARTHRITIS; WORKERS; RATES AB Aims: To identify sociodemographic and occupational determinants of knee related disability discharge from the US Army among enlisted women, and to investigate effect modification. Methods: A case-control study of 692 cases of knee related disability discharge and 2080 incidence density matched controls nested within the population of all 244 000 enlisted women on active duty in the US Army, 1980-97. We used logistic regression to identify determinants of disability, stratified to explore effect modification by demographic and work characteristics. Results: The risk of disability discharge was twice as high (odds ratio (OR) 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.71 to 3.47) for the oldest (33-60 years) versus the youngest (17-21 years) women. Non-whites had lower risk than whites (OR 0.5, 95% CI: 0.41 to 0.60), as did married (OR 0.7, 95% CI: 0.54 to 0.81) relative to non-married women. Those of lower rank (pay grades E1-E3) were at five times the risk of disability discharge compared to those of higher ranks (pay grades E4-E9, OR 5.0, 95% CI: 2.86 to 8.33), while ORs were highest for those with longer duration of service compared to women on active duty for a year or less (OR 1.4, 95% CI: 0.8 to 2.55 after 12 years). Race modified several effects, including that of rank. Age, duration of service, and pay grade were too highly correlated to draw firm conclusions about their independent modifying effects on risk of disability discharge from the Army. Conclusions: Sociodemographic factors had larger effects than occupational characteristics on risk of knee related disability discharge from the US Army. Interactions suggest subgroups at differing risk levels that might be targeted for more detailed investigations. C1 Appl Epidemiol Inc, Amherst, MA 01004 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA USA. RP Sulsky, SI (reprint author), Appl Epidemiol Inc, POB 2424, Amherst, MA 01004 USA. RI Agaliotis, Maria/G-5334-2012 FU NIOSH CDC HHS [1R03 OH 037387-01A1] NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 59 IS 9 BP 601 EP 607 DI 10.1136/oem.59.9.601 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 592VH UT WOS:000177957200005 PM 12205232 ER PT J AU Partin, AW Hanks, GE Klein, EA Moul, JW Nelson, WG Scher, HI AF Partin, AW Hanks, GE Klein, EA Moul, JW Nelson, WG Scher, HI TI Prostate-specific antigen as a marker of disease activity in prostate cancer SO ONCOLOGY-NEW YORK LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION TRIAL PCPT; CLINICAL-TRIALS; INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; ANDROGEN; CHEMOPREVENTION; FINASTERIDE; PROGRESSION; EFFICACY; THERAPY; RISK AB Despite the impact of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing on the detection and management of prostate cancer, controversy about its usefulness as a marker of disease activity continues. This review, based on a recent roundtable discussion, examines whether PSA measurements can be used rationally in several clinical settings. Following radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy, prediction of survival by PSA level is most reliable in high-risk patients. PSA doubling time after radiation therapy is the strongest predictor of biochemical failure. PSA measurements have been associated with inconsistent results following hormonal treatment; reduced PSA levels may result from antiandrogen treatment, which decreases expression of the PSA gene, and therefore, the level of PSA production. In the setting of primary and secondary cancer prevention, PSA is important in risk stratification when selecting patients for studies. Part 2 of this two-part article, which began in the August issue, discusses the role of PSA in hormonal and drug therapies and in primary and secondary chemoprevention. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Sect Urol Oncol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Oncol Clin, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Genitourinary Oncol Serv, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Partin, AW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU P R R INC PI MELVILLE PA 48 SOUTH SERVICE RD, MELVILLE, NY 11747 USA SN 0890-9091 J9 ONCOLOGY-NY JI Oncology-NY PD SEP PY 2002 VL 16 IS 9 BP 1218 EP 1224 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 601JX UT WOS:000178443500014 PM 12380948 ER PT J AU Cohen, SP Dawson, TC AF Cohen, SP Dawson, TC TI Nebulized morphine as a treatment for dyspnea in a child with cystic fibrosis SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE cystic fibrosis; dyspnea; inhaled morphine; peripheral opioid receptors ID LUNG; PAIN; ABSORPTION; OPIOIDS; DISEASE AB Objective. To shed light on nebulized morphine, a new treatment for dyspnea in children with terminal lung disease. Methods. A clinical case study was conducted on a patient in a tertiary care medical center. Results. Nebulized morphine was administered in incremental doses ranging from 2.5 mg to 12.5 mg in a 10-year-old, 20-kg boy with end-stage cystic fibrosis. Before the nebulized morphine treatments were started, a dose of nebulized lidocaine failed to provide the patient with any relief. After each dose of morphine, the following parameters were recorded: visual analog "dyspnea" scores, vital signs, venous blood gases, and blood levels of morphine. The nebulized morphine was found to have a modest effect on the patient's dyspnea, with no significant differences found between the varying doses. Venous carbon dioxide tension levels increased <4 mm Hg for all doses except 12.5 mg, for which there was a 9-mm Hg increase. Systemic blood levels of morphine were <10 ng/mL at all doses. The nebulized morphine did not cause any significant changes in blood pressure or heart rate for doses <12.5 mg. Conclusions. Inhaled morphine was associated with a mild, beneficial effect on dyspnea, with minimal differences found between the lowest and highest doses. This "ceiling" effect may be the result of saturation of opioid receptors in the lung, the variable bioavailability of inhaled morphine, or a placebo response. More studies are needed to determine what, if any, the optimum dose of nebulized morphine is for children. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Pain Management Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Cohen, SP (reprint author), NYU, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, 550 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2002 VL 110 IS 3 AR e38 DI 10.1542/peds.110.3.e38 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 589MN UT WOS:000177762900011 PM 12205288 ER PT J AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, HE TI Probe optimization in four-state protocol of quantum cryptography SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID OPERATOR-VALUED MEASURE; INCONCLUSIVE RATE; INFORMATION; DISTURBANCE AB Following a review of the probe optimization of Slutsky, Rao, Sun, and Fainman [Phys. Rev. A 57, 2383 (1998)] for the standard four-state protocol of quantum key distribution, I generalize the optimization to a variable angle between the signal bases. I calculate the corresponding maximum Renyi information gain by the probe, and determine the optimum probe parameters. A larger set of optimum probe parameters is found for the standard protocol than was known previously. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 AR 032303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.032303 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 600GP UT WOS:000178382500032 ER PT J AU Corron, NJ Pethel, SD Myneni, K AF Corron, NJ Pethel, SD Myneni, K TI Synchronizing the information content of a chaotic map and flow via symbolic dynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID STRANGE ATTRACTORS; SYSTEMS AB In this paper we report an extension to the concept of generalized synchronization for coupling different types of chaotic systems, including maps and flows. This broader viewpoint takes disparate systems to be synchronized if their information content is equivalent. We use symbolic dynamics to quantize the information produced by each system and compare the symbol sequences to establish synchronization. A general architecture is presented for drive-response coupling that detects symbols produced by a chaotic drive oscillator and encodes them in a response system using the methods of chaos control. We include experimental results demonstrating synchronization of information content in an electronic oscillator circuit driven by a logistic map. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM RD WS ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. RP Corron, NJ (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM RD WS ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. EM ned.corron@ws.redstone.army.mil OI Corron, Ned/0000-0002-3232-5024 NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 AR 036204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.036204 PN 2A PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 604MA UT WOS:000178624100053 PM 12366221 ER PT J AU Canright, D Huber, M AF Canright, D Huber, M TI A boundary-layer model of thermocapillary flow in a cold corner SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article AB This work develops a boundary-layer model for the thermocapillary feedback mechanism that can occur at the edge of weld pools and other materials processes, in the limit where convection dominates the heat transport but the Prandtl number is small. Previously, Canright [Phys. Fluids 6, 1415 (1994)] showed that in this regime the dynamics of this "cold corner" region is locally determined through the thermal gradient driving the convection that contains the gradient. The present work applies standard boundary-layer approximations to construct a model that captures this dominant feedback mechanism and agrees well with a purely numerical model. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Canright, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Code MA-Ca, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD SEP PY 2002 VL 14 IS 9 BP 3272 EP 3279 DI 10.1063/1.1498117 PG 8 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 582KR UT WOS:000177350100028 ER PT J AU Stockstill, RL AF Stockstill, RL TI Developing a lock operation strategy for pool lowering SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS-WATER AND MARITIME ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE dams, barrages & reservoirs; hydraulics & hydrodynamics; mathematical modelling AB The pool lowering capability of Locks and Dam 1, Mississippi River, can be increased if the lock filling and emptying system is used as a discharge outlet. However, the steady state conditions of passing flow through the lock system and the conditions during the acceleration to steady state can include excessively low pressures downstream of the filling and emptying valves. A lock valve operation scheme that provided acceptable flow conditions in the lock system was developed using a numerical flow model of the lock filling and emptying systems coupled with commercial optimisation software. The flow model was validated with field data obtained at the Lock I prototype. The resulting modelling system determined the optimum valve operations to obtain steady state conditions and provided the head-discharge relationship for the lock. C1 Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Stockstill, RL (reprint author), Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU THOMAS TELFORD SERVICES LTD PI LONDON PA THOMAS TELFORD HOUSE, 1 HERON QUAY, LONDON E14 4JD, ENGLAND SN 1472-4561 J9 P I CIVIL ENG-WATER JI Proc. Inst. Civil Eng.-Water Marit. Eng PD SEP PY 2002 VL 154 IS 3 BP 239 EP 245 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Water Resources GA 607QW UT WOS:000178803100010 ER PT J AU Armstrong, SC Cozza, KL Pimentel, EA AF Armstrong, SC Cozza, KL Pimentel, EA TI Med-Psych Drug-Drug Interactions Update - Immunosuppressants SO PSYCHOSOMATICS LA English DT Article ID P-GLYCOPROTEIN; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; BLOOD-LEVELS; CYCLOSPORINE; TACROLIMUS; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; PHARMACOKINETICS; SIROLIMUS; THERAPY AB This edition of the Med-Psych Drug-Drug Interactions Update begins a change in format. Starting with this column, each column will feature one drug-drug interaction (DDI) topic that will be explored in depth. This edition features DDIs associated with the commonly used immunosuppressants. These drugs are frequently encountered by consultation-liaison psychiatrists in tertiary care settings. Generally,, most of these drugs have narrow safety, and therapeutic windows; therefore, other drugs that change their serum levels can have deleterious effects. In this review, the DDI profiles of cyclosporine, tacrolimus, sirolimus, and the corticosteroids are explored. C1 Tual Forest Grove Hosp, Ctr Geriatr Psychiat, Forest Grove, OR 97116 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Armstrong, SC (reprint author), Tual Forest Grove Hosp, Ctr Geriatr Psychiat, 1809 Maple St, Forest Grove, OR 97116 USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST, N W, STE 1101, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3182 J9 PSYCHOSOMATICS JI Psychosomatics PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 43 IS 5 BP 424 EP 427 DI 10.1176/appi.psy.43.5.424 PG 4 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 596VX UT WOS:000178188100013 PM 12297614 ER PT J AU Pak, HS AF Pak, HS TI Teledermatology and teledermatopathology SO SEMINARS IN CUTANEOUS MEDICINE AND SURGERY LA English DT Article ID REALTIME TELEDERMATOLOGY; PATIENT SATISFACTION; VETERANS-AFFAIRS; NORTHERN-IRELAND; DIGITAL IMAGES; SKIN-CANCER; TELEMEDICINE; DERMATOLOGISTS; TELEPATHOLOGY; DIAGNOSIS AB Teledermatology is in essence an application of clinical telemedicine that deals with the practice of dermatology via the latest communication and information technology. As with other telemedicine applications, the goal is to provide the highest quality of dermatologic care more efficiently by moving patient information rather than the patients. Teledermatopathology, on the other hand, is a nonclinical telemedicine application specifically relating to diagnosis of cutaneous histologic specimens. There are numerous articles evaluating diagnostic concordance of teledermatology. However, because of a lack of a "true" gold standard, most published studies have compared diagnostic capabilities of teledermatology to our traditional face-to-face evaluations. Although the diagnostic correlation varies from study to study, most experts agree that Store and Forward and real-time video teleconferencing teledermatology is as clinically effective as a face-to-face consultation, which is less than 100% accurate. Teledermatopathology is showing similar potential, but because of the limitations on sampling error and the high cost of the alternative, robotic remote telepathology units, its acceptance into our daily practice has been delayed. This article focuses mainly on Store and Forward Teledermatology given its significant advantage and reviews the literature on teledermatology and teledermatopathology's diagnostic concordance and acceptance. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 49 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU FRONTLINE MEDICAL COMMUNICATIONS PI THE WOODLANDS PA WRIGHTS MEDIA, 2407 TIMBERLOCH PLACE, SUITE B, THE WOODLANDS, TX 77386 USA SN 1085-5629 EI 1558-0768 J9 SEMIN CUTAN MED SURG JI Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 21 IS 3 BP 179 EP 189 DI 10.1053/sder.2002.34945 PG 11 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 594ZG UT WOS:000178081900002 PM 12322991 ER PT J AU Schneider, JJ AF Schneider, JJ TI The Russian way of war: Operational art, 1904-1940 SO SLAVIC REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 Sch Adv Mil Studies, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Schneider, JJ (reprint author), Sch Adv Mil Studies, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SLAVIC STUDIES PI CAMBRIDGE PA HARVARD UNIV, 8 STORY ST, 3RD FL, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0037-6779 J9 SLAVIC REV JI Slavic Rev. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 61 IS 3 BP 622 EP 623 DI 10.2307/3090340 PG 2 WC Area Studies; Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Area Studies; Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 588ZP UT WOS:000177733000047 ER PT J AU Hou, SS Beyer, FL Schmidt-Rohr, K AF Hou, SS Beyer, FL Schmidt-Rohr, K TI High-sensitivity multinuclear NMR spectroscopy of a smectite clay and of clay-intercalated polymer SO SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE organic-inorganic composites; hydroxyl protons; signal enhancement in (29) SiNMR; H-1 spin diffusion ID SOLID-STATE-NMR; LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; ORGANIC-INORGANIC MATERIALS; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; QUANTUM NMR; COUPLINGS; MOBILITY; CRYSTALS; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS AB The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) properties of a smectite clay low in paramagnetic ions, and NMR experiments to detect organic material near the silicate surfaces with high sensitivity, have been explored by H-1, Si-29, and C-13 NMR. In oven-dried hectorite clay, H-1 NMR reveals a sharp signal at 0.35 ppm that narrows significantly with spinning speed. It is assigned to the "inner" OH protons of the silicate layers. In fluorohectorite, where the OH groups are replaced by fluorines, no such H-1 peak is observed. The assignment is further confirmed by the efficient cross-polarization observed in two-dimensional (2D) H-1-Si-29 HETCOR spectra, and by Si-29-detected REDOR experiments with H-1-dephasing in the Si-29 dipolar field, which yield a H-1-Si-29 distance of 2.9 +/- 0.4 Angstrom. In these H-1-Si-29 experiments, the sensitivity of the Si-29 signal is enhanced at least fivefold by refocusing the decay resulting from the inhomogencous broadening of the single Si-29 peak, stretching the Si-29 signal out over 80 ms. The small H-1 linewidth of this signal at spinning frequencies exceeding 4 kHz is attributed to the large proton proton distances in the clay. The upfield isotropic chemical shift of the OH groups is explained by their inaccessibility to hydrogen-bonding partners, as a result of their location in hexagonal "cavities" of the clay structure. The well-resolved, easily selectable OH-proton signal and the high-sensitivity Si-29 detection open excellent perspectives for NMR studies of composites of clays with organic molecules. Two-dimensional H-1-Si-29 and H-1-H-1 chemical-shift correlation experiments enable efficient detection of the H-1 spectrum of organic segments near the clay surface. Combined with H-1 spin diffusion, the organic segments at up to several nanometers from the clay surfaces can be probed. A 2D H-1-C-13 correlation experiment yields the C-13 spectrum of the organic species near the clay surfaces. A mobility gradient of intercalated poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, segments is proven in H-1-Si-29 WISE experiments with spin diffusion. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USA, Res Lab, Polymers Res Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Schmidt-Rohr, K (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 43 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 30 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0926-2040 J9 SOLID STATE NUCL MAG JI Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson. PD SEP-NOV PY 2002 VL 22 IS 2-3 BP 110 EP 127 DI 10.1006/snmr.2002.0075 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 613WL UT WOS:000179154400004 PM 12469807 ER PT J AU Klingenberg, M Arps, J Wei, R Demaree, J Hirvonen, J AF Klingenberg, M Arps, J Wei, R Demaree, J Hirvonen, J TI Practical applications of ion beam and plasma processing for improving corrosion and wear protection SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Surface Modification of Materials by Ion Beams CY SEP 09-14, 2001 CL MARBURG, GERMANY SP Philipps Univ Marburg, Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH DE ion beam assisted deposition; plasma immersion ion processing; tribology; corrosion ID SURFACE MODIFICATION AB A multi-year project for the US Army has been investigating the use of various ion beam and plasma-based surface treatments to improve the corrosion and wear properties of military hardware. These processes are intended to be complementary to, rather than competing with, other promising macro scale coating processes such high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) deposition, particularly in non-line-of-sight and flash chrome replacement applications. It is believed that these processes can improve the tribological and corrosion behavior of parts without significantly altering the dimensions of the part, thereby eliminating the need for further machining operations and reducing overall production costs. The ion beam processes chosen are relatively mature, low-cost processes that can be scaled-up. The key methods that have been considered under this program include nitrogen ion implantation into electroplated hard chrome, ion beam assisted chromium and chromium nitride coatings, and plasma-deposited diamond-like carbon and chromium oxycarbide coatings. Several examples of practical applications including bearing assemblies, hydraulics, and engine components, will be presented along with associated wear and corrosion test results. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. Concurrent Technol Corp, Johnstown, PA 15904 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Wei, R (reprint author), SW Res Inst, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 158 BP 164 EP 169 AR PII S0257-8972(02)00194-9 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(02)00194-9 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 602AJ UT WOS:000178482100030 ER PT J AU Jackson, JL O'Malley, PG Salerno, SM Kroenke, K AF Jackson, JL O'Malley, PG Salerno, SM Kroenke, K TI The Teacher and Learner Interactive Assessment System (TeLIAS): A new tool to assess teaching behaviors in the ambulatory setting SO TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ATTENDING PHYSICIAN INTERACTIONS; MEDICAL-STUDENTS; WORK ROUNDS; RESIDENT AB Background: There are no objective tools to assess ambulatory teaching, an increasingly important component of medical education. Purpose: To develop and describe an objective ambulatory teaching tool. Methods: Exactly 30 consecutive ambulatory teaching encounters were audio taped. Audio tapes were transcribed and teacher-learner utterances were qualitatively analyzed by 3 coders using a grounded theory approach. Results: A total of 4,560 utterances were coded: 113 were devoted to case presentations, and the remainder to case discussion. Most learner utterances conveyed factual patient information; only 7% conveyed learner thoughts on diagnosis or management. Attending utterances were equally divided between questions, statements Of fact, and management statements. Most attending questions (75%) asked patient or medical facts;few were of a higher-level asking learners to analyze, synthesize, or apply content. Feedback, although common (10%), consisted of mostly minimal statements such as "right" or "I agree." At the bedside, 80% of utterances were by the teacher Conclusions: This is a feasible tool that reliably documents ambulatory teacher and learner behaviors and may be useful for educational research and faculty development. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Med EDP, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Jackson, JL (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Med EDP, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 1040-1334 J9 TEACH LEARN MED JI Teach. Learn. Med. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 14 IS 4 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1207/S15328015TLM1404_9 PG 8 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 602YF UT WOS:000178531500009 PM 12395488 ER PT J AU Wilder, DM Reid, TJ Bakaltcheva, IB AF Wilder, DM Reid, TJ Bakaltcheva, IB TI Hypertonic resuscitation and blood coagulation - In vitro comparison of several hypertonic solutions for their action on platelets and plasma coagulation SO THROMBOSIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE blood coagulation; hypertonic saline; platelets; glycine ID UNCONTROLLED HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; OSMOTIC-STRESS; GLYCINE AB Resuscitation with hypertonic saline (HS) appears to aggravate bleeding in a model of uncontrolled hemorrhage [J. Trauma 28 (1988) 75 1; J. Trauma 29 (1989) 79; Arch, Surg. 127 (1992) 93]. This property may be related to the anticoagulant effects of HS on plasma clotting factors and platelets [J. Trauma 31 (1991) 8]. The hypothesis in this study is that a hypertonic solution can be developed that would not disturb the blood coagulation mechanism and could be used as an alternative to hypertonic saline. HS and four different 2400 mosM solutions containing monosaccharides and/or glycine were screened for their in vitro effects on plasma clotting times and platelets, Significant prolongations falling outside the normal range were detected in prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin rime (TT) when only 5% of the volume of normal plasma is HS. Platelet function as measured by extent of shape change (ESC) induced by ADP and aggregation induced by thrombin were also critically impaired by HS at a 5% dilution. All alternative solutions-hypertonic glucose, sorbitol, glycine, glucose/glycine, glucose/mannitol/glycine, sorbitol/glycine-caused a significantly reduced impairment in platelet function and the plasma coagulation system. Hypertonic glycine showed a unique ability to fully preserve the function and integrity of the plasma coagulation system. Considering the pre-deposition of the trauma patient to coagulopathy, administration of HS which clearly is a potent anticoagulant and anti-platelet risks further aggravating the coagulopathy. In contrast, hypertonic glycine preserves the blood coagulation mechanism and exhibits the potential for numerous therapeutic applications, Therefore, prompt evaluation of hypertonic glycine as a resuscitative fluid is highly desirable. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bakaltcheva, IB (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 31 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0049-3848 J9 THROMB RES JI Thromb. Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 107 IS 5 BP 255 EP 261 AR PII S0049-3848(02)00335-3 DI 10.1016/S0049-3848(02)00335-3 PG 7 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 637ZH UT WOS:000180543200011 PM 12479887 ER PT J AU Moser, ML Ocker, PA Stuehrenberg, LC Bjornn, TC AF Moser, ML Ocker, PA Stuehrenberg, LC Bjornn, TC TI Passage efficiency of adult pacific lampreys at hydropower dams on the lower Columbia River, USA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA AB Hydropower dams in the lower Columbia River may contribute to declines in the populations of anadromous Pacific lamprey Lampetra tridentata by limiting access to historical spawning locations. To identify obstacles to migration, we documented the movements of radio-tagged adult Pacific lampreys in specific areas of fishways (entrances, collection channels, transition areas, ladders, and counting stations) at the first three dams they encounter as they move upstream (Bonneville, The Dalles, and John Day). From 1997 to 2000, 147-299 radio-tagged lampreys were released downstream from Bonneville Dam. In 1997 and 2000, we also moved 50 radio-tagged lampreys each year to positions upstream from Bonneville Dam to assess the passage success of fish that had not passed through an entire fishway (i.e., "naive fish"). The passage efficiency of lampreys at Bonneville Dam was 38-47%, and the median time required to pass over the dam ranged from 4.4 to 5.7 d. In contrast, 50-82% of the lampreys passed over The Dalles Dam in each year, and passage times ranged from 2.0 to 4.0 d. Passage efficiency was lowest at John Day Dam, but that estimate was based on relatively few fish. After entering the fishways, lampreys had the greatest difficulty (1) negotiating collection channels and transition areas that lacked attachment sites and (2) passing through the Bonneville Dam counting stations. Unexpectedly high passage success was documented in the ladders, where maximum current velocities could exceed 2.4 m/s. We found no evidence that lampreys released downstream from Bonneville Dam had higher passage success at The Dalles Dam than naive fish. In each year up to 60% of the lampreys made multiple entrances at the fishways, indicating that lampreys persistently attempted to pass upstream. Dams in the lower Columbia River impede adult Pacific lamprey migration, and only 3% of the fish we tagged reached areas above John Day Dam. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. USA, Walla Walla Dist, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Moser, ML (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 23 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 131 IS 5 BP 956 EP 965 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0956:PEOAPL>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589CN UT WOS:000177740600012 ER PT J AU Lippert, LE Lopatka, MJ Hill, HR Salata, JM Holmberg, J AF Lippert, LE Lopatka, MJ Hill, HR Salata, JM Holmberg, J TI Prestorage leukoreduction may reduce hemolysis of frozen/thawed red cells post deglycerolization. SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY OCT 26-29, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Haemonet Corp, Braintree, MA USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2002 VL 42 IS 9 SU S BP 58S EP 59S PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 592MP UT WOS:000177941700215 ER PT J AU Hudson, AM Reid, T Chiricosta, F Peat, R AF Hudson, AM Reid, T Chiricosta, F Peat, R TI Extending the expiration date of thawed plasma. SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY OCT 26-29, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Wright Patterson AFB Med Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2002 VL 42 IS 9 SU S BP 64S EP 64S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 592MP UT WOS:000177941700234 ER PT J AU Castellani, JW O'Brien, C Stulz, DA Blanchard, LA DeGroot, DW Bovill, ME Francis, TJ Young, AJ AF Castellani, JW O'Brien, C Stulz, DA Blanchard, LA DeGroot, DW Bovill, ME Francis, TJ Young, AJ TI Physiological responses to cold exposure in men: A disabled submarine study SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hypercapnia; hypothermia; hypoxia; shivering; vasoconstriction ID SHIVERING THERMOGENESIS; BODY-TEMPERATURE; WATER IMMERSION; HIGH-ALTITUDES; HUMANS; HABITUATION; HYPERCAPNIA; INHALATION; EXERCISE; LOWERS AB Castellani JW, O'Brien C, Stulz DA, Blanchard LA, DeGroot DW, Bovill ME, Francis TJ, Young AJ - Physiological responses to cold exposure in men: A disabled submarine study. Undersea Hyperb Med 2002, 29 (3): 189-203 - A disabled submarine (DISSUB) lacking power and/or environmental control will become cold, and the ambient air may become hypercapnic and hypoxic. This study examined if the combination of hypoxia, hypercapnia, and cold exposure would adversely affect thermoregulatory responses to acute cold exposure in survivors awaiting rescue. Seven male submariners (33 +/- 6 yrs) completed a series of cold-air tests (CAT) that consisted of 20-min at T-air = 22degreesC, followed by a linear decline (1degreesC(.)min(-1)) in T-air to 12degreesC, which was then held constant for an additional 150-min. CAT were performed under normoxic, normocapnic conditions (D0), acute hypoxia (D1, 16.75% O-2), after 4 days of chronic hypoxia, hypercapnia and cold (D5, 16.75% O-2, 2.5% CO2, 4degreesC), and hypoxia-only again (D8, 16.75% O-2). The DeltaT(sk) during CAT was larger (P<0.05) on D0 (-5.2degreesC), vs. D1 (-4.8degreesC), D5 (-4.5degreesC), and D8 (-4.4degreesC). The change (relative to 0-min) in metabolic heat production (DeltaM) at 20-min of CAT was lower (P<0.05) on D1, D5, and D8, vs. DO, with no differences between D1, D5 and D8. AM was not different among trials at any time point after 20-min. The mean body temperature threshold for the onset of shivering was lower on D1 (35.08degreesC), D5 (34.85degreesC) and D8 (34.69degreesC), compared to D0 (36.01degreesC). Changes in heat storage did not differ among trials and rectal temperature was not different in D0 vs. D1, D5, and D8. Thus, mild hypoxia (16.75% F(1)O2) impairs vasoconstrictor and initial shivering responses, but the addition of elevated F1CO2 and cold had no further effect. These thermoregulatory effector changes do not increase the risk for hypothermia in DISSUB survivors who are adequately clothed. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USN, Submarine Med Res Lab, Groton, CT 06349 USA. RP Castellani, JW (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RI DeGroot, David/E-2322-2015 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI KENSINGTON PA 10531 METROPOLITAN AVE, KENSINGTON, MD 20895 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 29 IS 3 BP 189 EP 203 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 660TX UT WOS:000181850500004 PM 12670121 ER PT J AU Cymerman, A Young, AJ Francis, TJR Wray, DD Ditzler, DT Stulz, D Bovill, M Muza, SR AF Cymerman, A Young, AJ Francis, TJR Wray, DD Ditzler, DT Stulz, D Bovill, M Muza, SR TI Subjective symptoms and postural control during a disabled submarine simulation SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hypoxia; hypercapnia; postural control; Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire ID INDUCED BODY-SWAY; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; HYPOBARIC HYPOXIA; PRESSOR INPUT; HUMAN FEET; CO2; HYPOTHERMIA AB Cymerman A, Young AJ, Francis, TJR, Wray DD, Ditzler DT, Stulz D, Bovill M, Muza SR, Subjective symptoms and postural control during a disabled submarine simulation. Undersea Hyperb Med 2002; 29(3): 204-215 - To simulate conditions aboard a disabled submarine, 7 submariners were confined for 5 d to a normobaric environment of 16.75% O-2, 2.5% CO2, 4degreesC, and 85% relative humidity (RH). After 2 control days and I d of hypoxia, the remaining environmental conditions were imposed for the next 5 d, followed by 1 additional day of just hypoxia. Daily morning symptoms were assessed using the Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ). Postural stability was determined on 4 occasions using a computerized balance system: control period, after 2.7 and 4.7 d of steady-state test conditions, and after 5.7 d (with return to normal ambient temp, RH, and CO2). Three balance tests were performed: eyes open, eyes closed, and a dynamic test. Postural stability deteriorated after 2.7 d (87% eyes open, P < 0.001 and 26% eyes closed, P = 0.01). ESQ symptom subsets for acute mountain sickness, exertion, fatigue, alertness, and ear/nose/throat were not significantly different. Cold symptom subsets were increased after 3-7 d (P < 0.001); distress and muscle discomfort subsets after 7d (P = 0.02). Continued exposure to the combination of cold and hypoxia elicited subjective symptom changes and disturbances in postural stability that are statistically significant. These observations may be of practical importance when tasks aboard a disabled submarine involve balance and mobility. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USN, Submarine Med Res Lab, Groton, CT USA. RP Cymerman, A (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI KENSINGTON PA 10531 METROPOLITAN AVE, KENSINGTON, MD 20895 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 29 IS 3 BP 204 EP 215 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 660TX UT WOS:000181850500005 PM 12670122 ER PT J AU Carroll, PR Kantoff, PW Balk, SP Brown, MA D'Amico, AV George, DJ Grossfeld, GD Johnson, CS Kelly, WK Klotz, L Lee, WR Lubeck, DP McLeod, DG Oh, WK Pollack, A Sartor, O Smith, MR Hart, C AF Carroll, PR Kantoff, PW Balk, SP Brown, MA D'Amico, AV George, DJ Grossfeld, GD Johnson, CS Kelly, WK Klotz, L Lee, WR Lubeck, DP McLeod, DG Oh, WK Pollack, A Sartor, O Smith, MR Hart, C TI Newer approaches to androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer - Proceedings of the Second International Conference - Overview consensus statement SO UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID RADIATION-THERAPY; CARCINOMA C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Lank Ctr Genitourinary Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Adult Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Radiat Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Toronto, Sunnybrook & Womens Coll, Hlth Sci Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Med, Stanley Scott Canc Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. InforMEDical Inc, Narberth, PA USA. RP Carroll, PR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Urol, U-575,533 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RI Oh, William/B-9163-2012 OI Oh, William/0000-0001-5113-8147 NR 3 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD SEP PY 2002 VL 60 IS 3A SU S BP 1 EP 6 AR PII S0090-4295(02)01559-5 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(02)01559-5 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 597HX UT WOS:000178217100001 PM 12231036 ER PT J AU McLeod, DG AF McLeod, DG TI Emerging role of adjuvant hormonal therapy SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Newer Approaches to Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Prostate Cancer CY NOV 02-03, 2001 CL CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS ID ADVANCED PROSTATE-CANCER; UNFAVORABLE-PROGNOSIS CARCINOMA; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; RADIATION-THERAPY; ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION; TREATMENT OPTIONS; FOLLOW-UP; RADIOTHERAPY; PROGRESSION; GOSERELIN AB Recent years have seen a downward shift in the most common disease stage at diagnosis and in the age of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. Although younger men with clinically localized disease are generally offered radiotherapy or radical prostatectomy, such treatment does not always produce a cure. Adjuvant hormonal therapy (medical or surgical castration) has been shown to extend progression-free survival in both the radiotherapy and surgical settings, and overall survival benefits have also been demonstrated in some studies. However, castration is associated with sexual dysfunction that may be unacceptable, particularly among younger patients. The ongoing bicalutamide (Casodex; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE) Early Prostate Cancer program is evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of bicalutamide 150 mg as immediate therapy, either alone or as an adjuvant to therapy of curative intent, in patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer. This is the largest clinical trial program in prostate cancer treatment to date, comprising 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies with a total of 8113 patients. At median follow-up period of 3 years and after 922 progression events, the bicalutamide group had a significant reduction of 42% in the risk of objective progression compared with patients who received placebo plus standard care. The risk of prostate-specific antigen progression was also significantly reduced by 59%. As expected, gynecomastia and breast pain were the most frequently reported side effects of bicalutamide therapy. A longer follow-up period will determine whether the reduced risk of progression will translate into cause-specific and overall survival benefit for these patients. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP McLeod, DG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, 6825 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD SEP PY 2002 VL 60 IS 3A SU S BP 13 EP 20 AR PII S0090-4295(02)01562-5 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(02)01562-5 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 597HX UT WOS:000178217100004 PM 12231039 ER PT J AU Klotz, L McLeod, DG Kantoff, PW Carroll, PR D'Amico, AV Sartor, O AF Klotz, L McLeod, DG Kantoff, PW Carroll, PR D'Amico, AV Sartor, O TI Emerging role of adjuvant hormonal therapy - Discussion SO UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Louisiana State Univ, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Klotz, L (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD SEP PY 2002 VL 60 IS 3A SU S BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 597HX UT WOS:000178217100005 ER PT J AU Oh, WK Klotz, L Smith, MR Carroll, PR McLeod, DG Sartor, O AF Oh, WK Klotz, L Smith, MR Carroll, PR McLeod, DG Sartor, O TI Intermittent androgen suppression in prostate cancer: The Canadian experience - Discussion SO UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Louisiana State Univ, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Oh, WK (reprint author), Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Oh, William/B-9163-2012 OI Oh, William/0000-0001-5113-8147 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD SEP PY 2002 VL 60 IS 3A SU S BP 56 EP 56 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 597HX UT WOS:000178217100015 ER PT J AU Morin, MD Hopkins, WJ AF Morin, MD Hopkins, WJ TI Identification of virulence genes in uropathogenic Escherichia coli by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and their association with infectivity in mice SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID URINARY-TRACT INFECTION; TYPE-1 FIMBRIAE; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; WOMEN; PHASE AB Objectives. To use multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to screen a large number of Escherichia coli clinical isolates for virulence factor genes and to evaluate the importance of several known factors in the etiology of urinary tract infection. Methods. Eighty-six E. coli isolates from urine or vaginal or rectal swabs of patients with recurrent urinary tract infection were screened for P fimbria (pop), hemolysin (hly), aerobactin (aer), cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (cnf1), S fimbria (sfa), and afimbrial adhesion 1 (afa1) genes by multiplex PCR. The phenotype of the strains was determined for type 1 fimbriae and 0 antigen serotype. The infectivity of 11 strains with different combinations of virulence factors was tested using a mouse model of unobstructed urinary tract infection. Results. Type I fimbriae were present in 81 of the 86 strains and was the only virulence factor in approximately one third of the isolates. Genes for hly, aer, cnf1, sfa, or pop were present in approximately one fourth of the strains; afa1 was present less frequently. A positive type 1 fimbriae phenotype was common to all strains that induced a bladder infection in mice. Conclusions. Multiplex PCR methods can be effectively applied to studies that require genetic screening of numerous E. coli uropathogens. Where phenotypic information was available, it was consistent with genotypes identified by PCR. Infectivity studies showed that the presence of the type I fimbriae gene in an E. coli isolate was required to establish a bladder infection. Other genes that were not identified in this study may also be required in mice and humans. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Madison, WI 53792 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Hopkins, WJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Surg, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK44378, DK30808] NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD SEP PY 2002 VL 60 IS 3 BP 537 EP 541 AR PII S0090-4295(02)01766-1 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(02)01766-1 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 595LV UT WOS:000178111600043 PM 12350513 ER PT J AU Meissner, F Maruyama, T Frentsch, M Hessell, AJ Rodriguez, LL Geisbert, TW Jahrling, PB Burton, DR Parren, PWHI AF Meissner, F Maruyama, T Frentsch, M Hessell, AJ Rodriguez, LL Geisbert, TW Jahrling, PB Burton, DR Parren, PWHI TI Detection of antibodies against the four subtypes of Ebola virus in sera from any species using a novel antibody-phage indicator assay SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRION GLYCOPROTEINS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; NUCLEOPROTEIN; FILOVIRUSES; REPLICATION; INOCULATION; MARBURG AB The natural host for Ebola virus, presumed to be an animal, has not yet been identified despite an extensive search following several major outbreaks in Africa. A straightforward approach used to determine animal contact with Ebola virus is by assessing the presence of specific antibodies in serum. This approach however has been made very difficult by the absence of specific reagents required for the detection of antibodies from the majority of wild animal species. In this study, we isolated a human monoclonal antibody Fab fragment, KZ51, that reacts with an immunodominant epitope on Ebola virus nucleoprotein (NP) that is conserved on all four Ebola virus subtypes. The antibody KZ51 represents a major specificity as sera from all convalescent patients tested (10/10) and sera from guinea pigs infected with each of the four Ebola virus subtypes competed strongly with KZ51 for binding to radiation-inactivated Ebola virus. These features allowed us to develop a novel assay for the detection of seroconversion irrespective of Ebola virus subtype or animal species. In this assay, the binding of KZ51 Fab-phage particles is used as an indicator assay and the presence of specific antibodies against Ebola virus in sera is indicated by binding competition. A prominent feature of the assay is that the Fab-phage particles may be prestained with a dye so that detection of binding can be directly determined by visual inspection. The assay is designed to be both simple and economical to enable its use in the field. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Immunol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Parren, PWHI (reprint author), Genmab, Jenalaan 18A, NL-3584 CK Utrecht, Netherlands. RI Meissner, Felix/C-8767-2015; OI Meissner, Felix/0000-0003-1000-7989; Parren, Paul/0000-0002-4365-3859 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI48053] NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 300 IS 2 BP 236 EP 243 DI 10.1006/viro.2002.1533 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 598BC UT WOS:000178254400007 PM 12350354 ER PT J AU Feil, S AF Feil, S TI Building better foundations: Security in postconflict reconstruction SO WASHINGTON QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 USA, Program Role Amer Mil Power, Washington, DC USA. USA, PostConflict Reconstruct Project, Washington, DC USA. RP Feil, S (reprint author), USA, Program Role Amer Mil Power, Washington, DC USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0163-660X J9 WASH QUART JI Wash. Q. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 25 IS 4 BP 97 EP 109 DI 10.1162/016366002760252563 PG 13 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 590HN UT WOS:000177813800007 ER PT J AU Burton, DT DiLorenzo, JL Shedd, TR Wrobel, JG AF Burton, DT DiLorenzo, JL Shedd, TR Wrobel, JG TI Aquatic hazard assessment of a contaminated surficial aquifer discharge into the Bush River, Maryland (USA) SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE cadmium; chlorinated organics; copper; dichloroethene; dye-tracer model; groundwater; hazard assessment; heavy metals; nickel; tetrachloroethane; tetrachloroethene; toxicity; trichloroethene; ULINE model; water quality; zinc AB An aquatic hazard assessment of contaminated groundwater in a surficial aquifer was conducted at Beach Point which is located in the Edgewood Area of the U.S. Army Garrison, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. Toxicity was detected at various groundwater concentrations by seven of 10 toxicity test systems exposed to a mixture of heavy metals and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons. When estimated maximum acceptable toxicant concentrations (MATC) were established, the data for algae, invertebrates, and fish suggested that the groundwater would not be harmful at a concentration of 10% groundwater by volume. Likewise, no genotoxicity (Ames and SEC assays), development toxicity (FETAX), or chronic histopathology (9-month fish test) occurred at 10% groundwater by volume. Near-field (ULINE model) and far-field (dye-tracer model) screening level dilution models were run to estimate the dilution of the groundwater discharge plume from Beach Point into the Bush River. The groundwater was considered to be a potentially excessive hazardous material to the biota in the Bush River when a number of conservative assumptions regarding contaminant distribution and discharge rate of the aquifer were used in the hazard assessment. By modeling the groundwater emanating from Beach Point as the dilution of a discharge from a line diffuser, the potential water quality impacts were judged to be minimal if State of Maryland surface water discharge criteria for a mixing zone were used for the discharge of groundwater to the Bush River. C1 Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, Queenstown, MD 21658 USA. Najarian Associates, Eatontown, NJ 07724 USA. USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Directorate Safety Hlth & Environm, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Burton, DT (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, POB 250, Queenstown, MD 21658 USA. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 139 IS 1-4 BP 159 EP 182 DI 10.1023/A:1015855924228 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 560TY UT WOS:000176098500010 ER PT J AU Moteleb, MA Suidan, MT Kim, J Maloney, SW AF Moteleb, MA Suidan, MT Kim, J Maloney, SW TI Pertubated loading of a formaldehyde waste in an anaerobic granular activated carbon fluidized bed reactor SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE anaerobic; fluidized bed; formaldehyde; GAC; isopropanol; methanol; perturbation AB The objective of this study was to examine the biological treatment of a formaldehyde waste simulating wastewater from a resin production facility. An analysis of degradation of a high strength organic waste stream containing formaldehyde in an anaerobic fluidized bed granular activated carbon bioreactor (AFBGAC) is presented. In the first part of this study, the AFBGAC bioreactor was operated for a total of 700 days under four different continuous loading rates, to optimize the hydraulic retention time, until steady state performance was obtained. In the second part, the effect of substrate perturbation on effluent quality was examined by periodically loading the reactor using five distinct perturbation schemes to simulate different production shifts. The feed under the first three perturbation schemes was applied in cycles of 16 h on and 8 It off, 12 h on and 12 h off, and 8 h on and 16 h off. The fourth scheme applied feed at 8 h on and 16 h off with no feed on weekends. The fifth scheme examined the long-term effect of substrate limitation using the 8 h on and 16 h off loading cycle with a feed interruption of 9 days. The organic loading per day was kept constant throughout the feed perturbation study. The reactor removed more than 95% of the dissolved organic carbon content of the waste under both continuous and cyclic loading. Formaldehyde removal rates of up to 99.99% were achieved under continuous loading while removal rates ranged from 97.4% to 99.9% under cyclic loading. Although the AFBGAC failed occasionally due to excessive buildup of attached biomass during the phase of continuous loading, it still maintained excellent overall removal efficiencies. It also showed resilience to substrate limitations and load perturbations under dynamic loadings. The results presented in this study provide a promising strategy to treat inhibitory wastes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Ind Operat Div, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. RP Suidan, MT (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 9 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 36 IS 15 BP 3775 EP 3785 AR PII S0043-1354(02)00095-7 DI 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00095-7 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 600MM UT WOS:000178394500011 PM 12369524 ER PT J AU Ehlen, J AF Ehlen, J TI Some effects of weathering on joints in granitic rocks SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE granite; weathering grade; joint spacing; joint length ID FRACTURE AB Standard engineering weathering classifications, most of which are based on weathered granite, typically describe the appearance and condition of the weathered material (e.g. whether or not it is friable), the condition of individual minerals (e.g. degree of pitting and micro-cracking and changes in mineral composition), and the degree of staining on joint surfaces or the distance that staining extends into rock from the joints. These classifications do not address changes in frequency, length, and appearance of joints in the rock mass as weathering progresses. This account of work on vertical or steeply dipping joints in granitic rocks shows that not only are there statistically significant differences in mean joint spacings and mean trace lengths with increased weathering, but that the physical appearances of joints also changes as weathering progresses. Mean joint spacing is wide in fresh rock, becomes closer in moderately weathered rock, and then becomes progressively wider from moderately weathered rock through highly and completely weathered rock. Mean joint lengths follow a similar but inverse pattern. Mean trace lengths become shorter from fresh to slightly weathered rock, lengthen in moderately weathered rock, then progressively become shorter from moderately weathered rock through highly and completely weathered rock. Furthermore, joint appearance changes with increased weathering. Joints in fresh rock are sharp-edged and typically straight. The edges begin to round in moderately weathered rock, and in highly weathered rock, joint traces become sinuous and discontinuous around mineral grains. In completely weathered rock, the only visible joints are filled with minerals or marked with iron staining. It is proposed that this evolution in joint pattern and appearance results from increased cracking along grain boundaries and thermal expansion of individual mineral grains, and within-grain micro-cracking as weathering proceeds. These factors allow individual mineral grains to "move" into the spaces between joint surfaces, thus obscuring individual joints and making them appear shorter. These apparent changes in joint properties could lead to incorrect rock mass classification and thus, to inappropriate engineering design and costly errors during construction. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Ehlen, J (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD AUG 31 PY 2002 VL 49 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 91 EP 109 AR PII S0341-8162(02)00019-X DI 10.1016/S0341-8162(02)00019-X PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 576WG UT WOS:000177029200007 ER PT J AU Andreas, EL Guest, PS Persson, POG Fairall, CW Horst, TW Moritz, RE Semmer, SR AF Andreas, EL Guest, PS Persson, POG Fairall, CW Horst, TW Moritz, RE Semmer, SR TI Near-surface water vapor over polar sea ice is always near ice saturation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE air-sea-ice interaction; humidity measurements; leads; polar marine boundary layer; SHEBA; water vapor ID RESCALING HUMIDITY SENSORS; WESTERN WEDDELL SEA; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TRANSFER-COEFFICIENTS; TEMPERATURES WELL; ENERGY EXCHANGE; ARCTIC-OCEAN; HEAT-FLUX; INVERSIONS; FORMULATION AB [1] During our yearlong participation in the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean experiment (SHEBA), we found the measured relative humidity, figured for saturation with respect to ice, to almost always be near 100%. Often, multiple humidity sensors even showed supersaturation. Four months of observations over sea ice in the Antarctic showed the same behavior. These frequent, ubiquitous, and reproducible measurements are too compelling to discount. We hypothesize that the high relative humidity is a consequence of plentiful water vapor given up by leads and polynyas. We thus develop a simple time-dependent vapor budget model that we solve analytically to assess the role of leads in supplying water vapor to the polar atmospheric boundary layer. The solution to that model shows that (1) because the polar marine boundary layer is generally thin, its timescale for reaching moisture equilibrium is much shorter than the timescale of the synoptic processes that tend to disrupt equilibrium, and (2) because they have relatively warm surfaces, open leads and polynyas supply water vapor more rapidly than the surrounding sea ice surface can remove it, despite an open water fractional area that may be only 5%. In concert, the two processes commonly lead to water vapor densities in the boundary layer over sea ice that are near the value for ice saturation. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Washington, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Andreas, EL (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 59 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 30 PY 2002 VL 107 IS C10 AR 8033 DI 10.1029/2000JC000411 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 633YD UT WOS:000180311700004 ER PT J AU Grenfell, TC Light, B Sturm, M AF Grenfell, TC Light, B Sturm, M TI Spatial distribution and radiative effects of soot in the snow and sea ice during the SHEBA experiment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE soot; snow; sea ice; albedo; Arctic haze ID ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENTS; MODEL; AEROSOLS; SURFACE; ATMOSPHERE; ALBEDO; NM AB [1] Soot observations around the periphery of the Arctic Ocean indicate snowpack concentrations ranging from about 1 to more than 200 ng carbon/g snow (ngC/g), with typical values being near 40-50 ngC/g. Values of this magnitude would significantly affect not only the albedo and transmissivity of the ice cover but also surface melt rates and internal heat storage in the ice. During the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) drift, there was concern that soot emitted from the ship could adversely impact the heat and mass balance measurements, producing results that would not be representative of the region as a whole. To investigate this possibility, a series of soot measurements was carried out starting in the spring of 1998 during the time of maximum snowpack thickness. On the upwind side of the ship, where the heat and mass balance program was carried out, soot concentrations averaged over the depth of the snowpack spanned a range from I to 7 ngC/g, with average values of 4-5 ngC/g. On the downwind side, concentrations increased to 35 ngC/g and above. Measurements made up to 16 km from the ship yielded average background soot levels of approximately 4.4 ngC/g, with a standard deviation of 2.9 ngC/g evenly distributed throughout the different snow layers. These concentrations were not statistically distinguishable from the values measured in the observing areas on the upwind side of the ship. This indicates that soot concentrations in the central Arctic Basin are substantially lower than those reported for the coastal regions and are not sufficient to produce a significant decrease in the albedo. Although measurements of sea ice samples gave similarly low values, parameter studies show that the snow soot levels could be significant if the summer melt caused all the soot to be concentrated at the ice surface. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USA, CRREL Alaska, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. RP Grenfell, TC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 14 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 30 PY 2002 VL 107 IS C10 AR 8032 DI 10.1029/2000JC000414 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 633YD UT WOS:000180311700003 ER PT J AU Regan, TD Norton, SA AF Regan, TD Norton, SA TI Diagnosis of smallpox SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Regan, TD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 29 PY 2002 VL 347 IS 9 BP 690 EP 691 DI 10.1056/NEJM200208293470914 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 587ZT UT WOS:000177675500015 PM 12200561 ER PT J AU Waters, NC Kopydlowski, KM Guszczynski, T Wei, L Sellers, P Ferlan, JT Lee, PJ Li, ZY Woodard, CL Shallom, S Gardner, MJ Prigge, ST AF Waters, NC Kopydlowski, KM Guszczynski, T Wei, L Sellers, P Ferlan, JT Lee, PJ Li, ZY Woodard, CL Shallom, S Gardner, MJ Prigge, ST TI Functional characterization of the acyl carrier protein (PfACP) and beta-ketoacyl ACP synthase III (PfKASIII) from Plasmodium falciparum SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; fatty acid biosynthesis; acyl carrier protein; ACR; FabH; FabI; beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase III; KASIII; ENR; enoyl-ACP reductase; acetyl-coenzyme A ID FATTY-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; STREPTOMYCES-COELICOLOR A3(2); ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION; MALARIA; APICOMPLEXAN; INHIBITION; REDUCTASE AB The genome of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, appears to contain the proteins necessary for a Type II dissociated fatty acid biosynthetic system. Here we report the functional characterization of two proteins from this system. Purified recombinant acyl carrier protein (ACP) and beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase III (KASIII) from P. falciparum are soluble and active in a truncated form. Malarial ACP is activated by the addition of a 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group derived from coenzyme A, generating holo-PfACP. Holo-PfACP is an effective substrate for the transacylase activity of PfKASIII, but substitution of a key active site cysteine in PfKASIII to alanine or serine abolishes enzymatic activity. During the schizont stage of parasite development, there is a significant up-regulation of the mRNAs corresponding to these proteins, indicating an important metabolic requirement for fatty acids during this stage. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NCI, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Inst Genomic Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Malaria Res Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Prigge, ST (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 39 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD AUG 28 PY 2002 VL 123 IS 2 BP 85 EP 94 AR PII S0166-6851(02)00140-8 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(02)00140-8 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 606LQ UT WOS:000178735800001 PM 12270624 ER PT J AU Das, NC Gollsneider, B Newman, P Chang, W AF Das, NC Gollsneider, B Newman, P Chang, W TI Lateral oxidation kinetics of AlxGa1-xAs layer by capacitance technique SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL-CAVITY LASERS; WET OXIDATION; ALAS; DEPENDENCE; THICKNESS AB Capacitance voltage (C-V) technique is used to determine the kinetics of lateral oxidation of AlxGa1-xAs layer in a circular mesa structure. The oxide layer width determined by the C-V technique agrees with optical measurements. Additionally, the C-V technique has the advantage of determining different types of defects in the oxide, which are important for projecting the reliability of vertical cavity surface emitting laser devices. The wet oxidation between 400 and 435 degreesC shows negative charges in the oxide. C1 Army Res Lab, AMSRLSEEM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Das, NC (reprint author), Army Res Lab, AMSRLSEEM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 26 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 9 BP 1600 EP 1602 DI 10.1063/1.1502011 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 585XC UT WOS:000177549200020 ER PT J AU Videen, G AF Videen, G TI Polarization opposition effect and second-order ray tracing SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID BACKSCATTERING; SCATTERING; LIGHT; INTERFACE AB I develop a second-order ray-tracing model of the light scattered by a cloud of randomly oriented facets having sizes much larger than the incident wavelength. My results suggest that both symmetric and asymmetric branches of the polarization opposition effect can be produced by the same mechanism responsible for the photometric opposition effect, i.e., constructive interference of light rays traversing reciprocal paths that is associated with coherent backscattering enhancement. The model provides a greatly simplified representation of the physical phenomena to isolate the two mechanisms that may be responsible for the effect. The shapes and positions of the two branches of the polarization opposition effect calculated with the model are consistent with observation, so the model may provide a rapid technique to characterize the optical and physical properties of a scattering system. I note, however, that the model is a gross simplification containing only two physical mechanisms, Fresnel reflections and coherent interference, and it is possible that it represents a nonphysical description of particles smaller than the wavelength or that other mechanisms contributing to the polarization opposition effect are not included. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USA, Res Labs, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Videen, G (reprint author), USA, Res Labs, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM gvideen@arl.army.mil NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 24 BP 5115 EP 5121 DI 10.1364/AO.41.005115 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 586AT UT WOS:000177560300024 PM 12206222 ER PT J AU Nowakowski, A Wang, C Powers, DB Amersdorfer, P Smith, TJ Montgomery, VA Sheridan, R Blake, R Smith, LA Marks, JD AF Nowakowski, A Wang, C Powers, DB Amersdorfer, P Smith, TJ Montgomery, VA Sheridan, R Blake, R Smith, LA Marks, JD TI Potent neutralization of botulinum neurotoxin by recombinant oligoclonal antibody SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE monoclonal antibody; immunotherapy; antibody engineering; vaccine; phage display ID TOXIN TYPE-A; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS INFECTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; TETANUS TOXIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; BINDING DOMAIN; PROTECTION; EPITOPES; ANTIGEN AB The botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cause the paralytic human disease botulism and are one of the highest-risk threat agents for bioterrorism. To generate a pharmaceutical to prevent or treat botulism, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated by phage display and evaluated for neutralization of BoNT serotype A (BoNT/A) in vivo. Although no single mAb significantly neutralized toxin, a combination of three mAbs (oligoclonal Ab) neutralized 450,000 50% lethal doses of BoNT/A, a potency 90 times greater than human hyperimmune globulin. The potency of oligoclonal Ab was primarily due to a large increase in functional Ab binding affinity. The results indicate that the potency of the polyclonal humoral immune response can be deconvoluted to a few mAbs binding nonoverlapping epitopes, providing a route to drugs for preventing and treating botulism and diseases caused by other pathogens and biologic threat agents. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Anesthesia & Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Toxinol & Aerobiol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Neurotoxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Xavier Univ, Coll Pharm, New Orleans, LA 70125 USA. RP Marks, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Anesthesia & Pharmaceut Chem, Room 3C-38,1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5 S11 ES09996, S11 ES009996] NR 41 TC 217 Z9 233 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 20 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 17 BP 11346 EP 11350 DI 10.1073/pnas.172229899 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 586VM UT WOS:000177606900072 PM 12177434 ER PT J AU Agrawal, PM Rice, BM Thompson, DL AF Agrawal, PM Rice, BM Thompson, DL TI Predicting trends in rate parameters for self-diffusion on FCC metal surfaces SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE computer simulations; Monte Carlo simulations; surface diffusion; aluminum; copper; gold; iridium; nickel; palladium; platinum; silver; rhodium ID PHASE-SPACE THEORY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; SILICON-ATOM DIFFUSION; ADATOM DIFFUSION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SINGLE ADATOMS; CU; AG; HOMOEPITAXY AB The hopping self diffusion coefficient of an adatom on the (100), (110) and (111) surfaces of nine FCC metals have been investigated using Monte Carlo variational transition state theory and the Lennard-Jones (L-J) interactions. The metals that have been studied are Ag, Al, Au, Cu, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt and Rh. The potential parameters for the L-J interactions have been determined from the known experimental values of cohesive energies and lattice constants. The ratio, R, of the cohesive energy to the activation energy for diffusive hopping on the (111) and (100) surfaces are found to be 30 and 6, respectively. For diffusive hopping on the (110) surface, R depends on the direction of diffusion: R is 5 and 2.8 along the [1(1) over bar 0] and [001] directions, respectively. The pre-exponential factor, Do, for these metals is found to vary within a factor of three from the corresponding average value, (D-0)(av) for a given surface and diffusion channel. Also, the pre-exponential factors corresponding to diffusion on the (111), (1(1) over bar 1), (110)[1(1) over bar 0] and (110)[001] surfaces are found to satisfy an empirical expression in terms of R, lattice constant, and the distance between the two nearest binding sites. The results on the activation energies and pre-exponential factors are compared with other experimental and theoretical data. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,BD,Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Rice, BM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,BD,Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 57 TC 175 Z9 181 U1 11 U2 90 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD AUG 20 PY 2002 VL 515 IS 1 BP 21 EP 35 AR PII S0039-6028(02)01916-7 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(02)01916-7 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 589AT UT WOS:000177735900007 ER PT J AU Raghavan, S Rotella, P Stintz, A Fuchs, B Krishna, S Morath, C Cardimona, DA Kennerly, SW AF Raghavan, S Rotella, P Stintz, A Fuchs, B Krishna, S Morath, C Cardimona, DA Kennerly, SW TI High-responsivity, normal-incidence long-wave infrared (lambda similar to 7.2 mu m) InAs/In0.15Ga0.85As dots-in-a-well detector SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INAS/GAAS QUANTUM DOTS; MIDINFRARED PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; PHOTODETECTORS; DETECTIVITY AB Normal incidence InAs/In0.15Ga0.85As dots-in-a-well detectors operating at T=78 K with lambda(p)similar to7.2 mum and a spectral width (Deltalambda/lambda) of 35% are reported. The peak at 7.2 mum is attributed to the bound-to-bound transitions between the ground state of the dot and the states within the InGaAs well. A broad shoulder around 5 mum, which is attributed to the bound-to-continuum transition, is also observed. Calibrated blackbody measurements at a device temperature of 78 K yield a peak responsivity of 3.58 A/W (V-b=-1 V), peak detectivity=2.7x10(9) cm Hz(1/2)/W (V-b=-0.3 V), conversion efficiency of 57% and a gain similar to25. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Raghavan, S (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RI Krishna, Sanjay /C-5766-2009; Morath, Christian/B-9147-2008 OI Morath, Christian/0000-0001-5838-9301 NR 17 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 19 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 8 BP 1369 EP 1371 DI 10.1063/1.1498009 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 582LC UT WOS:000177351600001 ER PT J AU Ball, DH Hoskin, FCG Schreuder-Gibson, H Yeomans, WG Walker, JE AF Ball, DH Hoskin, FCG Schreuder-Gibson, H Yeomans, WG Walker, JE TI Applications of cyclodextrin derivatives in chemical defense. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Soldier Chem Biol Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 051-CARB BP U266 EP U266 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422201250 ER PT J AU Bruno, FF Samuelson, LA Roy, S Nagarajan, R Kumar, J Ziegler, D Sennett, M AF Bruno, FF Samuelson, LA Roy, S Nagarajan, R Kumar, J Ziegler, D Sennett, M TI Synthesis of polyaniline on multi-walled carbon nanotubes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USA, Natick Soldier Syst Ctr, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA USA. USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 599-POLY BP U460 EP U460 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422302474 ER PT J AU Campbell, AA Li, S Delgado, MA DeJong, ES AF Campbell, AA Li, S Delgado, MA DeJong, ES TI Biomimetic calcium phosphate coatings for orthopedic implant applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Extrem Trauma Study Branch, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 005-PRES BP U26 EP U26 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200006 ER PT J AU Fekete, ZA Wilusz, E Karasz, FE AF Fekete, ZA Wilusz, E Karasz, FE TI Integrally skinned membrane preparation by medium energy ion beam modification of the perfluorosulfonate ionomer nafion. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USA, Natl Natick Soldier Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RI Fekete, Zoltan/C-7019-2008 OI Fekete, Zoltan/0000-0002-7677-2678 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 213-POLY BP U388 EP U388 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422302089 ER PT J AU Fountain, AW AF Fountain, AW TI The use of technology to facilitate interactive learning of chemistry at the United States Military Academy. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Chem, MADN CHEM, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 097-COMP BP U483 EP U483 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202422 ER PT J AU Holder, AJ White, DA Smith, R Chappelow, CC Pinzino, C Eick, JD Morrill, JA AF Holder, AJ White, DA Smith, R Chappelow, CC Pinzino, C Eick, JD Morrill, JA TI Volume change studies using quantum mechanically derived QSPR. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Pharm, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Midwest Res Inst, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Biol, Kansas City, MO USA. USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 226-COMP BP U503 EP U503 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202551 ER PT J AU Hou, SS Bonagamba, TJ Beyer, FL Schmidt-Rohr, K AF Hou, SS Bonagamba, TJ Beyer, FL Schmidt-Rohr, K TI Preparation of polymer-clay nanocomposites, and their studies by multinuclear solid-state NMR. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USA, Res Lab, Polymers Res Branch, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 190-POLY BP U384 EP U384 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422302066 ER PT J AU Hunter, AC Szebeni, J Alving, CR Moghimi, SM AF Hunter, AC Szebeni, J Alving, CR Moghimi, SM TI Determination of human serum complement activation by commercial, clinical, and chemically modified block copolymer poloxamer 188. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Brighton, Sch Pharm, Mol Targeting & Polymer Toxicol Grp, Brighton BN2 4GJ, E Sussex, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 406-POLY BP U431 EP U431 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422302281 ER PT J AU Kempa, K Huang, ZP Giersig, M Wang, DZ Kimball, B Sennett, M Carnahan, DL Wen, JG Ren, ZF AF Kempa, K Huang, ZP Giersig, M Wang, DZ Kimball, B Sennett, M Carnahan, DL Wen, JG Ren, ZF TI Growth, characterization, and applications of periodic arrays of carbon nanotubes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. NanoLab Inc, Brighton, MA 02135 USA. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. USA, Soldier Biol & Chem Command, Mat Sci Team, Natick Soldier Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RI Ren, Zhifeng/B-4275-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 010-MTLS BP U57 EP U57 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200124 ER PT J AU Kim, YG Samuelson, LA Kumar, J AF Kim, YG Samuelson, LA Kumar, J TI Carboxylated polythiophenes for biosensor applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 251-POLY BP U393 EP U393 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422302126 ER PT J AU Ku, BC Kim, DW Blumstein, A Kumar, J Steeves, D Gibson, P Samuelson, LA AF Ku, BC Kim, DW Blumstein, A Kumar, J Steeves, D Gibson, P Samuelson, LA TI Cross-linked electrostatically layered aluminosilicate nanocomposites and barrier properties. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Washington, DC USA. USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RI Gibson, Phillip/D-2398-2010 OI Gibson, Phillip/0000-0002-6172-4438 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 120-COLL BP U414 EP U415 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202068 ER PT J AU Ku, BC Kim, DW Blumstein, A Kumar, J Steeves, D Gibson, P Samuelson, LA AF Ku, BC Kim, DW Blumstein, A Kumar, J Steeves, D Gibson, P Samuelson, LA TI Barrier properties of electrostatic layer-by-layer ordered multilayer nanocomposites of substituted ionic polyagetylenes and aluminosilicate nanoplatelets. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Washington, DC USA. USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RI Gibson, Phillip/D-2398-2010 OI Gibson, Phillip/0000-0002-6172-4438 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 119-COLL BP U414 EP U414 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202067 ER PT J AU Kumar, R Shakil, NA Chen, MH Parmar, VS Samuelson, LA Kumar, J Watterson, AC AF Kumar, R Shakil, NA Chen, MH Parmar, VS Samuelson, LA Kumar, J Watterson, AC TI Synthetic and mechanistic studies on biocatalytic reactions generating novel amphiphilic polymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Inst Nanosci & Engn Technol, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts Lowell, USA, Soldier & Biol Chem COmmand, Natick Soldier Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem & Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RI SHAKIL, NAJAM/H-1377-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 655-POLY BP U468 EP U468 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422302530 ER PT J AU Kumar, V Parmar, VS Samuelson, LA Kumar, J Cholli, AL AF Kumar, V Parmar, VS Samuelson, LA Kumar, J Cholli, AL TI Functionalized polyphenolics for photonic applications: Synthesis and characterization. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem & Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Lowell, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 588-POLY BP U458 EP U458 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422302463 ER PT J AU Lanzerotti, MYD AF Lanzerotti, MYD TI AFM studies of fracture surfaces of composition B energetic materials. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Energet & Warheads Div, ARDEC, AMSTA,AR,WEE, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 311-PHYS BP U342 EP U342 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422301808 ER PT J AU Lee, H Hsieh, A Mckinley, G AF Lee, H Hsieh, A Mckinley, G TI Rheological properties of clay/PMMA nanocomposites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 240-PMSE BP U526 EP U526 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422302879 ER PT J AU Loveridge, VA AF Loveridge, VA TI Physical evaluation of high-dose irradiated multi-layer pouches. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Soldier Syst Ctr Natick, AMSSB RCF 1, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 135-AGFD BP U85 EP U85 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200279 ER PT J AU Morgan, MT Immoos, CE Degoricija, LA Carnahan, MA Lee, S Grinstaff, MW AF Morgan, MT Immoos, CE Degoricija, LA Carnahan, MA Lee, S Grinstaff, MW TI Spectroscopic investigation of the microenvironment within biodendrimers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Paul M Gross Chem Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USA, Res Off, Washington, DC USA. Duke Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 200-POLY BP U386 EP U386 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422302076 ER PT J AU Morrill, JA Wright, JB Hurley, MM White, WE AF Morrill, JA Wright, JB Hurley, MM White, WE TI Quantum mechanically derived QSARs for reversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM BD, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. USA Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Mat Sci Team, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA USA. USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Washington, DC USA. Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 253-COMP BP U507 EP U507 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202578 ER PT J AU Mosurkal, R Roy, S Kumar, J Samuelson, LA AF Mosurkal, R Roy, S Kumar, J Samuelson, LA TI Biocatalytic synthesis of a ruthenium complex based macrodye for dye-sensitized photovoltaics applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA USA. RI MOSURKAL, RAVI/P-6981-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 603-POLY BP U460 EP U461 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422302478 ER PT J AU Nagarajan, R Yang, SZ Roy, S Kumar, J Tripathy, SK Bruno, FF Samuelson, LA AF Nagarajan, R Yang, SZ Roy, S Kumar, J Tripathy, SK Bruno, FF Samuelson, LA TI Synthesis of a photoactive azopolymer complexed with genomic DNA. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem & Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Mat Sci Team, Washington, DC USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 598-POLY BP U460 EP U460 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422302473 ER PT J AU Oh, SY Cha, DK Kim, BJ Chiu, PC AF Oh, SY Cha, DK Kim, BJ Chiu, PC TI Enhanced fenton's oxidation of TNT and RDX in a CSTR through pretreatment with Fe(0). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Army Construct Engn Res Labs, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 049-ENVR BP U525 EP U525 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202665 ER PT J AU Rakijian, DR Duong, T Famini, GR Wilson, L Payne, M AF Rakijian, DR Duong, T Famini, GR Wilson, L Payne, M TI Application of theoretical linear solvation energy relationships to human intestinal absorption. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 La Sierra Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Riverside, CA 92515 USA. USA, Soldier Biol & Chem Command, Int Program Off, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 190-COMP BP U498 EP U498 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202515 ER PT J AU Shi, CM DeSimone, JM Roberts, GW Kiserow, DJ AF Shi, CM DeSimone, JM Roberts, GW Kiserow, DJ TI Solid state polymerization kinetics of poly(bisphenol a carbonate) facilitated by supercritical carbon dioxide SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Div Chem Sci, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 285-PMSE BP U533 EP U533 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422302924 ER PT J AU Sohn, J Hwang, J Park, SY Lee, S AF Sohn, J Hwang, J Park, SY Lee, S TI High tg photorefractive material containing multifunctional chromophore. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 605-POLY BP U461 EP U461 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422302480 ER PT J AU Sorial, GA Doppalapudi, R Palaniswamy, D Maloney, SW AF Sorial, GA Doppalapudi, R Palaniswamy, D Maloney, SW TI Continuous electrochemical bench scale study for reduction of 2,4-DNT. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USA Corps Engineers, Construct Engn Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 067-ENVR BP U528 EP U528 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202683 ER PT J AU Thorn, KA Pennington, JC Hayes, CA Porter, B AF Thorn, KA Pennington, JC Hayes, CA Porter, B TI Immobilization of 2,4-and 2,6-dinitrotoluene in compost investigated by N-15 NMR. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 126-ENVR BP U537 EP U537 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202742 ER PT J AU Walker, J Samuelson, L Mosurkal, R Kumar, J AF Walker, J Samuelson, L Mosurkal, R Kumar, J TI Semi-empirical calculations of rod-like dinuclear ruthenium complexes for dye sensitized photovoltaic applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Dept Army, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA USA. RI MOSURKAL, RAVI/P-6981-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 229-COMP BP U504 EP U504 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202554 ER PT J AU Wang, XY Drew, C Lee, SH Senecal, KJ Kumar, J Samuelson, L AF Wang, XY Drew, C Lee, SH Senecal, KJ Kumar, J Samuelson, L TI Fluorescent electrospun polymeric nanofibrous membranes for highly sensitive optical SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Natick Soldier Syst Ctr, Mat Sci Team, Washington, DC USA. Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem & Phys, Lowell, MA USA. RI Senecal, Kris/F-3000-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 190-PMSE BP U518 EP U519 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422302829 ER PT J AU Wright, JB Hurley, MM Lushington, G White, WE Morrill, JA AF Wright, JB Hurley, MM Lushington, G White, WE Morrill, JA TI Mixed QM/MM simulations of model nerve agents with acetylcholinesterase. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AMSSB RSS M, USA Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Washington, DC USA. Univ Kansas, Mol Graph & Modeling Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 225-COMP BP U503 EP U503 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202550 ER PT J AU Wu, XJ Kulawik, J Potter, K Zhang, WH Smith, LA Meagher, MM AF Wu, XJ Kulawik, J Potter, K Zhang, WH Smith, LA Meagher, MM TI Fermentation and purification of the heavy chain fragment c of botulinum neurotoxin, serotype e (BoNTE Hc) from the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Toxicol, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 205-BIOT BP U232 EP U232 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422201069 ER PT J AU Jensen, JO AF Jensen, JO TI Vibrational frequencies and structural determinations of 1,4-diselenane SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE vibrations; normal mode frequencies; infrared spectra; Raman spectra; 1,4-diselenane ID COMPACT EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; EXPONENT BASIS-SETS; SELENIDES; EFFICIENT; ATOMS AB The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of 1,4-diselenane in C-2h symmetry are examined theoretically using the GAUSSIAN98 Set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of the nine types of motion (C-C stretch, C-Se stretch, C-H stretch, C-Se-C bend, C-C-Se bend, CH2 scissors, CH2 twist, CH2 wag, and CH2 rock) predicted by a group theoretical analysis. The vibrational modes of the high-energy D-2 form of 1,4-diselenane were also calculated using the correction factors derived from the C-2h form. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Chem, AMSSB, RRT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Jensen, JO (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Chem, AMSSB, RRT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD AUG 16 PY 2002 VL 589 BP 379 EP 392 AR PII S0166-1280(02)00294-4 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(02)00294-4 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 584EH UT WOS:000177453900040 ER PT J AU Blanchard, M AF Blanchard, M TI A soldier 's view of the USAMRIID SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 16 PY 2002 VL 297 IS 5584 BP 1122 EP 1122 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 584BP UT WOS:000177447600021 PM 12192658 ER PT J AU Thapinta, D Jenkins, RA Morgan, PA Chiu, J Naksrisook, S Boenim, W Bussaratid, V Chaddic, C Phonrat, B Sirijongdee, N Sornsathapornkul, P Sontirat, A Srisaengchai, P Suwanarach, C Wongkamhaeng, S Brown, AE Khamboonruang, C Nitayaphan, S Pitisuttithum, P Thongchareon, P AF Thapinta, D Jenkins, RA Morgan, PA Chiu, J Naksrisook, S Boenim, W Bussaratid, V Chaddic, C Phonrat, B Sirijongdee, N Sornsathapornkul, P Sontirat, A Srisaengchai, P Suwanarach, C Wongkamhaeng, S Brown, AE Khamboonruang, C Nitayaphan, S Pitisuttithum, P Thongchareon, P CA Thai AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Grp TI Recruiting volunteers for a multisite phase I/II HIV preventive vaccine trial in Thailand SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV vaccine trials; research participation; ethical issues; motivation; altruism; developing countries; Thailand ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; NORTHERN THAILAND; WILLINGNESS; PARTICIPATE; MEN; INFECTION; BANGKOK; ISSUES AB Factors believed to be predictive of retention through the recruitment and screening processes for preventive HIV trials were investigated in a large multisite phase I/II HIV vaccine trial in Thailand. Retention through recruitment was equal to or greater than in previous smaller trials with similar populations. The data suggested that recruitment proceeded in a stepwise manner with different influences at each step. Demographic and motivational variables were most important in predicting retention in making and keeping screening appointments. Altruistic or mixed altruistic and nonaltruistic motives were associated with greater retention. Laboratory/medical variables appeared to be the main influence on retention during screening, although some volunteers withdrew for different reasons. The frequent presence of mixed (altruistic and nonaltruistic) motives at initial contact suggests that motivation for trials is more complex than has been previously acknowledged. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Royal Thai Army, Dept Med, Bangkok, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. Mahidol Univ, Siriaj Hosp, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Vaccine Trial Ctr, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Bangkok, Thailand. USAF, Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. Chiang Mai Univ, Res Inst Hlth Sci, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Nursing, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. RP Jenkins, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 503 EP 513 DI 10.1097/01.QAI.0000021702.48448.FB PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 582NJ UT WOS:000177357800006 PM 12154341 ER PT J AU Fleming, SD Shea-Donohue, T Guthridge, JM Kulik, L Waldschmidt, TJ Gipson, MG Tsokos, GC Holers, VM AF Fleming, SD Shea-Donohue, T Guthridge, JM Kulik, L Waldschmidt, TJ Gipson, MG Tsokos, GC Holers, VM TI Mice deficient in complement receptors 1 and 2 lack a tissue injury-inducing subset of the natural antibody repertoire SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION; T-DEPENDENT ANTIGEN; B-CELL SUBSETS; MARGINAL ZONE; MEMBRANE ATTACK; INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS; AFFINITY MATURATION; POSITIVE SELECTION; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; CR2(-/-) MICE AB Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is initiated when natural Abs recognize neoantigens that are revealed on ischemic cells. Cr2(-/-) mice, deficient in complement receptors (CR)1 and CR2, demonstrate defects in T-dependent B-2 B cell responses to foreign Ags and have also been suggested to manifest abnormalities of the B-1 subset of B lymphocytes. To determine whether these CRs might play a role in the generation of the natural Abs that initiate intestinal IR injury, we performed experiments in Cr2(-/-) and control Cr2(+/+) mice. We found that Cr2(-/-) mice did not demonstrate severe intestinal injury that was readily observed in control Cr2(+/+) mice following IR, despite having identical serum levels of IgM and IgG. Pretreatment of Cr2(-/-) mice before the ischemic phase with IgM and IgG purified from the serum of wild-type C57BL/6 mice reconstituted all key features of IR injury, demonstrating that the defect involves the failure to develop this subset of natural Abs. Pretreatment with IgM and IgG individually demonstrates that each contributes to unique features of IR injury. In sum, CR2/CR1 play an unanticipated but critical role in the development of a subset of the natural Ab repertoire that has particular importance in the pathogenesis of IR injury. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Nutrient Funct & Requirments Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Immunol, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Room 1A32,Bldg 503,Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R0-1 AI42782, R0-1 AI31265, R0-1 AI31105] NR 63 TC 122 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 169 IS 4 BP 2126 EP 2133 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 582RW UT WOS:000177365800058 PM 12165541 ER PT J AU Welcher, BC Carra, JH DaSilva, L Hanson, J David, CS Aman, MJ Bavari, S AF Welcher, BC Carra, JH DaSilva, L Hanson, J David, CS Aman, MJ Bavari, S TI Lethal shock induced by streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A in mice transgenic for human leukocyte antigen-DQ8 and human CD4 receptors: Implications for development of vaccines and therapeutics SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-A; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; COMPLEX CLASS-II; T-CELL RECEPTOR; BACTERIAL SUPERANTIGENS; MHC CLASS; ERYTHROGENIC TOXINS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; CYTOKINE RELEASE; RHEUMATIC-FEVER AB Streptococcal and staphylococcal infections result in significant human morbidity and mortality. This study used a transgenic murine model expressing human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and human CD4 in which, without additional toxic sensitization, human-like responses to the bacterial superantigen (SAg) streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SpeA) could be simulated, as determined by studying multiple biologic effects of the SAgs in vivo. Expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ8 rendered the mice susceptible to SpeA-induced lethal shock that was accompanied by massive cytokine production and marked elevation of serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase levels. Of importance, this model enabled examination of the efficacy of an engineered non-SAg vaccine candidate against SpeA in the context of HLA. This report is thought to be the first of a lethal shock triggered in mice by bacterial SAgs without prior sensitization and examination of a vaccine against streptococcal SAg in the context of human MHC receptors. C1 USA, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Immunol, Rochester, MN USA. RP Bavari, S (reprint author), USA, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-14764] NR 61 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 4 BP 501 EP 510 DI 10.1086/341828 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 581BL UT WOS:000177271200008 PM 12195377 ER PT J AU Ohrt, C Purnomo Sutamihardja, MA Tang, D Kain, KC AF Ohrt, C Purnomo Sutamihardja, MA Tang, D Kain, KC TI Impact of Microscopy error on estimates of protective efficacy in malaria-prevention trials SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 11-15, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hygiene ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; DISCREPANT ANALYSIS; BIAS; MISCLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTIONS; SAMPLES AB Microscopy is an imperfect reference standard used for malaria diagnosis in clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to provide an assessment of the accuracy of basic microscopy, to compare polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnosis with microscopy results, and to assess the effect of microscopy error on apparent protective efficacy. The sensitivity and specificity of basic, compared with expert, microscopy was determined to be 91% and 71%, respectively. In a clinical trial, agreement between PCR and microscopy results improved with expert confirmation of initial results. In a simulated 12-week trial with weekly routine malaria smears, a very high specificity (>99%) for each malaria smear was found to be necessary for an estimate of protective efficacy to be within 10%-25% of the true value, but sensitivity had little effect on this estimate. Microscopy error occurs and can affect clinical trial results. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Biostat, Silver Spring, MD USA. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Toronto Gen Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Ohrt, C (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 17 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 4 BP 540 EP 546 DI 10.1086/341938 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 581BL UT WOS:000177271200013 PM 12195382 ER PT J AU Rudin, S Reinecke, TL AF Rudin, S Reinecke, TL TI Effects of exciton-acoustic-phonon scattering on optical line shapes and exciton dephasing in semiconductors and semiconductor quantum wells SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DEFORMATION POTENTIALS; DEGENERATE BANDS; GAAS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DISPERSION; LINEWIDTHS; DIAMOND; STATES AB The interaction of excitons with acoustic phonons in direct band-gap semiconductors gives the dominant contribution to the temperature-dependent part of the exciton homogeneous linewidths and to dephasing rates at lower temperatures, e.g., below 150 K in bulk GaAs. Experimental results have shown that this contribution increases substantially in going from GaAs quantum wells to bulk GaAs. A perturbation treatment of acoustic phonon scattering in a simple band exciton model-i.e., neglecting valence-band coupling and anisotropy of exciton dispersion-agrees with experimental results in narrow quantum wells. On the other hand, it fails by an order of magnitude for bulk GaAs and by a large factor for other materials. Here we give a thorough theoretical discussion of this problem. The exciton linewidth is calculated to lowest order in the exciton-acoustic-phonon coupling including valence-band interactions and anisotropic exciton dispersion. The effects of multiple scatterings of phonons in higher orders of the exciton-phonon interactions are calculated and previous work on these effects are discussed. The effects of impurity motion from acoustic phonons on the exciton linewidths are evaluated. We conclude that the temperature-dependent exciton linewidth is given reasonably well by the lowest-order phonon scatterings provided that the full anisotropic exciton dispersion is included. Higher-order phonon scatterings give a small contribution to the linewidth and can affect the line shape. These results agree well with available experimental results for the low-temperature exciton linewidths in bulk GaAs and ZnSe and in quantum wells from these materials. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rudin, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 8 AR 085314 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.085314 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 593BW UT WOS:000177972500072 ER PT J AU Ackerman, SJ Mafilios, MS Polly, DW AF Ackerman, SJ Mafilios, MS Polly, DW TI Economic evaluation of bone morphogenetic protein Versus autogenous iliac crest bone graft in single-level anterior lumbar fusion - An evidence-based modeling approach SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE autogenous iliac crest bone graft (AICBG); bone graft; bone morphogenetic protein (BMP); donor site morbidity; donor site pain; economics; lumbar spine fusion ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; MEDICINE; HEALTH AB Study Design. Economic evaluation provides a framework to explicitly measure and compare the value of alternative medical interventions in terms of their clinical, health-related quality-of-life, and economic outcomes. Computerized econimic models can help inform the design of future prospective studies by identifying the cost-drivers, the most uncertain parameter estimates, and the parameters with the greatest impact on the results and inferences. Objective. An economic analysis of bone morphogenetic protein versus autogenous iliac crest bone graft for single-level anterior lumbar fusion poses several methodologic challenges. This article describes how such an economic evaluation may be framed and designed, while enumerating challenges, offering some solutions, and suggesting and agenda for future research. Summary of Background Data. An evidence-based modeling approach can incorporate epidemiologic, clinical, and economic data from several sources including randomized clinical trials, peer-reviewed literature, and expert opinion. Sensitivity analyses can be conducted by varying key parameter estimates within a reasonable range to assess the impact on the results and inferences. Results. Preliminary results suggest that from a payer perspective, the upfront price of bone morphogenetic protein is likely to be entirely offset by reductions in the use of other medical resources. That is, bone morphogenetic protein appears to be cost neutral. The cost offsets were attributable largely to prevention of pain and complications associated with autogenous iliac crest bone graft, as well as reduction of the costs associated with fusion failures. Conclusions. Future research should focus on quanitfying the health-related quality-of-life impact of bone morphogenetic protein realtive to autogenous iliac crest bone graft, as well as the impact on lost productivity. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Covance Hlth Econ & Outcomes Serv, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Polly, DW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 20 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 27 IS 16 SU S BP S94 EP S99 DI 10.1097/01.BRS.0000020741.77873.D3 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 586EU UT WOS:000177572300017 PM 12205426 ER PT J AU Sonna, LA Glueck, SB Jeunemaitre, X AF Sonna, LA Glueck, SB Jeunemaitre, X TI Exercise, genetics, and blood pressure: Focus on "Physical exercise and blood pressure with reference to the angiotensinogen M235T polymorphism" and on "Angiotensinogen M235T polymorphism associates with exercise hemodynamics in postmenopausal women" SO PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION; HERITAGE FAMILY; LINKAGE; LOCUS C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Coll France, INSERM, F-75005 Paris, France. Hop Europeen Georges Pompidou APHP, Dept Genet, F-75015 Paris, France. RP Sonna, LA (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, 42 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1094-8341 J9 PHYSIOL GENOMICS JI Physiol. Genomics PD AUG 14 PY 2002 VL 10 IS 2 BP 45 EP 47 DI 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00081.2002 PG 3 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology GA 584BL UT WOS:000177447300001 PM 12181360 ER PT J AU Papathanasopoulos, MA Cilliers, T Morris, L Mokili, JL Dowling, W Birx, DL McCutchan, FE AF Papathanasopoulos, MA Cilliers, T Morris, L Mokili, JL Dowling, W Birx, DL McCutchan, FE TI Full-length genome analysis of HIV-1 subtype C utilizing CXCR4 and intersubtype recombinants isolated in South Africa SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; TYPE-1; CORECEPTOR; SEQUENCES AB The HIV-1 epidemic in South Africa is largely due to subtype C viruses, which preferentially use CCR5 as a coreceptor for infection. We describe full-length genome sequences of two CXCR4-utilizing HIV-1 subtype C viruses and two intersubtype recombinants from South Africa. Three of the viruses (99ZACM4, 99ZACM9, and 99ZASW7) were isolated in 1999 from AIDS patients in Johannesburg, and a fourth virus (98ZADu178) was isolated in Durban in 1998 from an asymptomatic female sex worker. Isolates 99ZASW7 and 99ZACM9 from Johannesburg were subtype C throughout the genome, 99ZASW7 used the CXCR4 coreceptor, and 99ZACM9 used both CCR5 and CXCR4. Isolate 98ZADu178 from Durban was a novel recombinant between subsubtype A2 and subtype C. The third isolate from Johannesburg, 99ZACM4, was a complex, novel recombinant with multiple breakpoints and contained segments of subtypes A, C, D, G, and K. These results establish the presence of intersubtype recombinants in South Africa, indicating that ongoing surveillance for other subtypes and recombinants is necessary. C1 Natl Inst Communicable Dis, AIDS Virus Res Unit, ZA-2131 Johannesburg, South Africa. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Papathanasopoulos, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Communicable Dis, AIDS Virus Res Unit, Private Bag X4, ZA-2131 Johannesburg, South Africa. OI , Lynn/0000-0003-3961-7828 FU FIC NIH HHS [TWO-0231] NR 19 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD AUG 10 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 12 BP 879 EP 886 DI 10.1089/08892220260190362 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 584XL UT WOS:000177494000008 PM 12201911 ER PT J AU Hoge, CW Pavlin, JA AF Hoge, CW Pavlin, JA TI Psychological sequelae of September 11 SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Hoge, CW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 3 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 2 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 8 PY 2002 VL 347 IS 6 BP 443 EP 443 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 587YR UT WOS:000177672400011 PM 12167689 ER PT J AU Chaikunchuensakun, S Stiel, LI Baker, EL AF Chaikunchuensakun, S Stiel, LI Baker, EL TI A combined algorithm for stability and phase equilibrium by Gibbs free energy minimization SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-EQUILIBRIUM; MULTIPHASE EQUILIBRIUM; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; COMPUTATION; MULTICOMPONENT; FLASH; EQUATION; SYSTEMS AB A new algorithm is presented for the calculation of multiphase equilibrium conditions at fixed temperature, pressure, and overall composition. The method enables the simultaneous analysis of phase stability and equilibrium compositions for coexisting phases by the minimization of the Gibbs free energy of the system. The Lagrange multipliers for the test phases, which are provided by the optimization routines utilized, are additional variables indicating the feasibility and potential for the formation of the phases. The approach of this study is illustrated for the phase behavior of several systems. C1 Polytech Inst New York, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. USA, TACOM, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Stiel, LI (reprint author), Polytech Inst New York, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, 333 Jay St, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD AUG 7 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 16 BP 4132 EP 4140 AR UNSP IE011030T DI 10.1021/ie011030t PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 580YM UT WOS:000177264400039 ER PT J AU Ghai, M Dutta, S Hall, T Freilich, D Ockenhouse, CF AF Ghai, M Dutta, S Hall, T Freilich, D Ockenhouse, CF TI Identification, expression, and functional characterization of MAEBL, a sporozoite and asexual blood stage chimeric erythrocyte-binding protein of Plasmodium falciparum SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; chimeric erythrocyte binding protein; MAEBL; EBA-175; AMA-1; sporozoite ID MALARIA PARASITES; GLYCOPHORIN-A; INVASION; ANTIGEN; FAMILY; ANTIBODIES; SEQUENCES; PEPTIDES; RECEPTOR; SURFACE AB MAEBL is a chimeric erythrocyte binding protein reported in rodent malaria parasites Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium berghei, that has the gene structure similar to erythrocyte binding proteins, but N-terminal homology to subdomains I and II of Apical membrane antigen-1. We report here the sequence analysis and gene structure of the Plasmodium falciparum maebl gene. We have cloned and expressed a putative red cell binding domain, M2, of this gene in Escherichia coli, purified the recombinant protein (r-PfM2) and studied its in vitro binding specificity to human red cells. Binding of r-PfM2 protein to red cells was abolished by pretreatment with papain, while increased binding was observed to neuraminidase-treated red cells. Polyclonal antibodies to r-PfM2 recognized native MAEBL protein in blood stage schizont extracts of the parasite on Western blots and within the apical complex of free merozoites, by indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA). MAEBL expression in P. falciparum sporozoites was also detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and IFA. High titer antibodies to r-PfM2 were observed in human sera obtained from a malaria endemic region some of which inhibited r-PfM2 binding to red cells. Individuals immunized with irradiated sporozoites tested positive for anti-MAEBL antibodies by ELISA. The dual stage expression of MAEBL makes it an excellent pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic stage vaccine target antigen. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ockenhouse, CF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 27 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD AUG 7 PY 2002 VL 123 IS 1 BP 35 EP 45 AR PII s0166-6851(02)00123-8 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(02)00123-8 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 592HG UT WOS:000177930700004 PM 12165387 ER PT J AU Lefkowitz, LJ Smith, WJ AF Lefkowitz, LJ Smith, WJ TI Sulfur mustard-induced arachidonic acid release is mediated by phospholipase D in human keratinocytes SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE arachidonic acid; phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase; phospholipase D; sulfur mustard ID GENE FAMILY; EXPRESSION; CYCLOOXYGENASE-2; ACTIVATION; MEMBRANE; SKIN; CYTOKINE; CAVEOLIN; IRRITANT; CULTURE AB Sulfur mustard (2,2'-dichloroethyl sulfide) is a chemical warfare agent that causes incapacitating skin blisters in humans 12-24 h post-exposure following a variable asymptomatic phase. Recent reports demonstrate that inflammation plays a vital role in sulfur mustard toxicity. One of the key biochemical pathways involved in inflammation is the arachidonic acid cascade. In this report, we demonstrate that arachidonic acid is released in response to sulfur mustard and investigate the mechanisms of arachidonic acid release. Exposure to sulfur mustard caused a 5- to 8-fold increase in arachidonic acid release from human keratinocytes that had been radiolabeled with arachidonic acid. Maximal arachidonic acid release occurred between 12 and 24h. Several enzymatic pathways can lead to arachidonic acid release. Treatment with 2.0% (v/v) ethanol, an inhibitor of phospholipase D, decreased sulfur mustard-induced arachidonic acid release 40+/-7%. Additionally, 100muM (+/-)-propranolol, an inhibitor of phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase, blocked sulfur mustard-induced arachidonic acid release by 62+/-3%. These findings suggest that arachidonic acid release is mediated by phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase in human keratinocytes following sulfur mustard exposure. Due to the 12-24 h delay in arachidonic acid release following sulfur mustard exposure, delayed therapeutic intervention may be possible. Indeed, we found that the addition of 100muM (+/-)-propranolol up to 18h after sulfur mustard exposure was still able to block arachidonic acid release by 30+/-3%. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Lefkowitz, LJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD AUG 2 PY 2002 VL 295 IS 5 BP 1062 EP 1067 AR PII S0006-291X(02)00811-2 DI 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00811-2 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 581TQ UT WOS:000177309700006 PM 12135602 ER PT J AU Headley, S Germain, M Mailloux, P Mulhern, J Ashworth, B Burris, J Brewer, B Nindl, BC Coughlin, M Welles, R Jones, M AF Headley, S Germain, M Mailloux, P Mulhern, J Ashworth, B Burris, J Brewer, B Nindl, BC Coughlin, M Welles, R Jones, M TI Resistance training improves strength and functional measures in patients with end-stage renal disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE hemodialysis (HD); gait speed; sit-to-stand-to sit test; strength training ID HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; MUSCLE STRENGTH; EXERCISE CAPACITY; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; WALKING SPEED; 6-MINUTE WALK; PERFORMANCE; FAILURE; DIALYSIS; ADULTS AB Background: The current study was designed to examine the effect of 12 weeks of resistance training on strength and functional ability in 10 medically stable hemodialysis patients (age, 42.8 +/- 4.4 years). Methods: Subjects were tested on four separate occasions, each separated by 6 weeks. The first (T1) and second tests (T2) were controls with no exercise intervention between them. T3 followed 6 weeks of resistance training, and T4 occurred after 12 weeks of training. Variables tested included percentage of body fat, distance covered in the 6-minute walk test, peak torque of quadriceps muscles of the dominant leg, maximal handgrip strength, normal and maximal walking speeds, and time to complete 10 repetitions of the sit-to-stand-to-sit test. Data were analyzed by means of a one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance procedure. Results: Results indicate that after 12 weeks of training, there was a significant (P < 0.05) increase (12.7%) in peak torque at 90degrees/s (139.1 +/- 19.3 nm) compared with Ti and T2 (mean, 124.1 +/- 18.7 [SEM]; 123.5 +/- 16.9 Nm), respectively. The distance covered during the 6-minute walk was increased (similar to5%; P < 0.05) compared with baseline (T1, 522.1 +/- 46.2 m; 521.9 +/- 48.5 m) after 6 weeks of training (548.3 +/- 52.1 m) and remained elevated at week 12 (546.5 +/- 54.2 m). Maximal walking speed was increased (P < 0.05) by week 12 (195.9 +/- 15.4 cm/s) compared with baseline (T1, 182.9 +/- 12.7; 185.5 +/- 13.0 cm/s). Time to complete 10 repetitions of the sit-to-stand-to-sit test decreased at 12 weeks (17.8 +/- 1.9 seconds) versus baseline (T1, 20.3 +/- 1.5 seconds; T2, 20.6 +/- 5.5 seconds). Conclusion: Resistance training can be used safely to increase strength and functional capacity in stable hemodialysis patients. (C) 2002 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. C1 Springfield Coll, Baystate Med Ctr, Pioneer Valley Dialysis Ctr, Mil Performance Div,USA Res, Natick, MA USA. USA, Inst Environm Med, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Headley, S (reprint author), Springfield Coll, 263 Alden St, Springfield, MA 01109 USA. EM sheadley@spfldcol.edu NR 31 TC 90 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 11 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 40 IS 2 BP 355 EP 364 DI 10.1053/ajkd.2002.34520 PG 10 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 578QN UT WOS:000177129800017 PM 12148109 ER PT J AU Parker, MF Mooradian, GC Okimoto, GS O'Connor, DM Miyazawa, K Saggese, SJ AF Parker, MF Mooradian, GC Okimoto, GS O'Connor, DM Miyazawa, K Saggese, SJ TI Initial neural net construction for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by fluorescence imaging SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; fluorescence imaging; neural net ID PRECANCER AB OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to initiate neural net construction for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by fluorescence imaging. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-three women with abnormal Papanicolaou smears underwent fluorescence imaging during colposcopy. With the use of >4000 training pixels and >1000 test pixels, intrapatient nets were constructed from the spectral data of 17 women. An interpatient net that discriminated between cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 and normal tissue classes among patients was constructed with the use of >2300 training pixels and >2000 test pixels from 12 women. Average correct classification rates were determined. Sensitivities, specificities, and positive and negative predictive values for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade I and normal tissue classes were calculated. Extrapolated false-color cervical images were generated. RESULTS: Average correct classification rates were 96.5% for the intrapatient nets and 97.5% for the interpatient net. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 were 98.2%, 98.9%, 71.4%, and 99.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Initial results suggest that neural nets that are constructed from fluorescence imaging spectra may offer a potential method for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Sci & Engn Associates Inc, San Diego, CA USA. Trex Enterprise, Honolulu, HI USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Pathol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Parker, MF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 187 IS 2 BP 398 EP 402 DI 10.1067/mob.2002.123940 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 587UF UT WOS:000177661200034 PM 12193932 ER PT J AU Coleman, RE Maneechai, N Rachaphaew, N Kumpitak, C Miller, RS Soyseng, V Thimasarn, K Sattabongkot, J AF Coleman, RE Maneechai, N Rachaphaew, N Kumpitak, C Miller, RS Soyseng, V Thimasarn, K Sattabongkot, J TI Comparison of field and expert laboratory microscopy for active surveillance for asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in Western Thailand SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MALARIA; DIAGNOSIS AB Microscopy of Giemsa-stained thick and thin films by a skilled microscopist has remained the standard laboratory method for the diagnosis of malaria. However, diagnosis of malaria with this method is problematic since interpretation of results requires considerable expertise, particularly at low parasite levels. We compared the efficacy of "field" and "expert laboratory" microscopy for active surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax in western Thailand. Field microscopy consisted of an approximately five-minute read (50-100 fields) of a thick film at x700 using a natural light source, whereas expert laboratory microscopy consisted of a 20-minute read (number of parasites per 500 leukocytes) at x1,000 using a high-quality, well-maintained microscope with an artificial light source. All discordant and 20% of concordant results were cross-checked blindly. A total of 3,004 blood films collected between May and November 2000 were included in the study, of which 156 (5.2%) were positive for P. falciparum, 177 (5.9%) for P. vivax, and 4 (0.1%) for both P. falciparum and P. vivax by expert microscopy. A total of 84.4% (135 of 160) of the P. falciparum-positive slides and 93.9% of the P. vivax-positive slides had a parasitemia of less than 500/muL. Field microscopy was specific (99.3%) but not sensitive (10.0%) for the diagnosis of P. falciparum malaria, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 43.2% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 95.1%. The corresponding specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of P. vivax malaria were 99.2% and 7.1%, respectively, with a PPV of 38.7% and an NPV of 93.9%. Field microscopy, as defined in this study, is not an effective method for active malaria surveillance in western Thailand, where prevalence and parasitemia rates are low. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, USA, Med Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Communicable Dis Control, Malaria Div, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Coleman, RE (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, USA, Med Component, 315-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 11 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 67 IS 2 BP 141 EP 144 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 601ZN UT WOS:000178479700004 PM 12389937 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC Hypolite, IO Viola, R Poropatich, RK Hshieh, P Cruess, D Hawkes, CA Agodoa, LY AF Abbott, KC Hypolite, IO Viola, R Poropatich, RK Hshieh, P Cruess, D Hawkes, CA Agodoa, LY TI Hospitalizations for cytomegalovirus disease after renal transplantation in the United States SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytomegalovirus; viral; hospitalization; renal transplant; complications; dialysis; rejection; antibody induction; mycophenolate mofetil; USRDS ID MYCOPHENOLATE-MOFETIL; INDUCTION IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; ANTILYMPHOCYTE GLOBULIN; RECIPIENTS; INFECTION; PROPHYLAXIS; RISK; REJECTION; GRAFT; OKT3 AB PURPOSE: Risk factors, sites, and mortality of hospitalized cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in renal transplant recipients have not been studied in a national population, METHODS: Therefore, 33,479 renal transplant recipients in the United States Renal Data System from 1 July 1, 1994 to June 30, 1997 were analyzed in an historical cohort study of patients with a primary discharge diagnosis of CMV disease (ICD9 Code 078.5x). RESULTS: Renal transplant recipients had an incidence density of hospitalized CMV disease of 1.26/100 person years. and 79% of hospitalizations for CMV disease occurred in the first six months post trans plant. The leading manifestation of hospitalized infection was pneumonia In logistic regression analysis controlling for transplant era, pre-transplant dialysis greater than or equal to 6 months, maintenance mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) therapy, and allograft rejection, but not induction antibody therapy, were significantly associated with hospitalized CMV disease. Compared with recipient, with negative CMV serology (R.) who had donor kidneys with negative CMV serology (D-), D+/R- had the highest risk of hospitalization for CMV disease [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 5,19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.89-6.93] followed by D+/R+ recipients, whereas D-/R+ were not at significantly increased risk. In Cox Regression analysis the relative risk of death associated with hospitalized CMV disease was 132 (95% CI 1.02-1.71), CONCLUSIONS: Ever, in modern era, renal transplant recipients were at high risk for hospitalizations for CMV disease, which were associated with decreased patient survival. Current prophylactic measures have apparently not reduced the high risk of D+/R- recipient,. prolonged pre-transplant dialysis and maintenance MMF should also be considered risk factors for hospitalized CMV infection, and prospective trials of prophylactic antiviral therapy should he performed in these subgroups. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NIDDK, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Pharm, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm Crit Care Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 38 TC 47 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 12 IS 6 BP 402 EP 409 AR PII S1047-2797(01)00283-6 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(01)00283-6 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 580XH UT WOS:000177261700006 PM 12160599 ER PT J AU Miner, TJ Jaques, DP Shriver, CD AF Miner, TJ Jaques, DP Shriver, CD TI A prospective evaluation of patients undergoing surgery for the palliation of an advanced malignancy SO ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cancer; outcome analysis; pain; palliation; quality of life; surgery ID SURGICAL PALLIATION; CANCER-THERAPY; CARE; PAIN; GUIDELINES; LIFE AB Background: Decisions regarding the use of surgical procedures for the palliation of symptoms caused by advanced malignancies require the highest level of surgical judgment. Prospective analysis of palliative surgical care may facilitate a more effective and representative evaluation of these patients. Methods: Patients requiring surgery planned solely for the palliation of an advanced malignancy were offered entry onto this study. Outcome measurements were made before surgery and monthly thereafter until the patient's death. Accepted techniques of pain assessment, quality of life, and functional status were used. Results: Between May 1997 and December 1999, 26 patients were enrolled. Although 46% (12 of 26) of patients demonstrated improvement in pain control or quality of life after palliative surgery, these benefits lasted a median of only 3.4 months. Palliative surgery was associated with significant postoperative complications in 35% (9 of 26) patients. Conclusions: Although many patients had no apparent demonstrable benefit from surgery, surgeons were able to identify a group of patients who experienced significant benefits after a palliative procedure. The relationships between the patient and family members and the surgeon play an important role in decision-making throughout the palliative phase of cancer treatment. C1 Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, New York, NY 10021 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Jaques, DP (reprint author), Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 31 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1068-9265 J9 ANN SURG ONCOL JI Ann. Surg. Oncol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 9 IS 7 BP 696 EP 703 DI 10.1245/aso.2002.9.7.696 PG 8 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 582AL UT WOS:000177327500015 PM 12167585 ER PT J AU Loos, WJ Szebeni, J ten Tije, AJ Verweij, J van Zomeren, DM Chung, KN Nooter, K Stoter, G Sparreboom, A AF Loos, WJ Szebeni, J ten Tije, AJ Verweij, J van Zomeren, DM Chung, KN Nooter, K Stoter, G Sparreboom, A TI Preclinical evaluation of alternative pharmaceutical delivery vehicles for paclitaxel SO ANTI-CANCER DRUGS LA English DT Article DE Cremophor EL; drug delivery vehicle; paclitaxel; solubilizer ID CREMOPHOR EL; HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS; HUMAN PLASMA; PHARMACOKINETICS; TAXOL; MICE AB New solubilizers, including Sorporol 230, Sorporol 120Ex, Aceporol 345-T, Aceporol 460 and Riciporol 335, as potential new delivery vehicles for paclitaxel were investigated, since recent studies have shown that the paclitaxel delivery vehicle Cremophor EL significantly alters the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel. Cremophor EL and Tween 80 were used as a reference. As in the case of Cremophor EL, alteration of blood distribution of paclitaxel occurred in the presence of all tested vehicles. Also, no differences in the affinity of paclitaxel for the tested solubilizers was found during equilibrium dialysis experiments. The different vehicles could be distinguished by a different rate of esterase-mediated breakdown, which was correlated with the fatty acid content of the solubilizers. The activation of the complement cascade was less pronounced for all solubilizers, except Riciporol 335, compared to Cremophor EL. The strategies presented here provide the possibility to rapidly screen future candidate delivery vehicles with optimal characteristics for use as a solubilizer in clinical formulations of paclitaxel or other poorly water-soluble drugs. [(C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins.]. C1 Dr Daniel Den Hoed Canc Ctr, Dept Med Oncol, Erasmus MC, NL-3075 EA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Bolak Co Ltd, Seoul 100080, South Korea. RP Loos, WJ (reprint author), Dr Daniel Den Hoed Canc Ctr, Dept Med Oncol, Erasmus MC, Groene Hilledijk 301, NL-3075 EA Rotterdam, Netherlands. RI Sparreboom, Alex/B-3247-2008 NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0959-4973 J9 ANTI-CANCER DRUG JI Anti-Cancer Drugs PD AUG PY 2002 VL 13 IS 7 BP 767 EP 775 DI 10.1097/00001813-200208000-00012 PG 9 WC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 585FV UT WOS:000177515500012 PM 12187334 ER PT J AU Ohrt, C Willingmyre, GD Lee, P Knirsch, C Milhous, W AF Ohrt, C Willingmyre, GD Lee, P Knirsch, C Milhous, W TI Assessment of azithromycin in combination with other antimalarial drugs against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID IRIAN-JAYA; MALARIA; TRIAL; PROPHYLAXIS; DOXYCYCLINE; PREVENTION; ATOVAQUONE; RESISTANCE; PREGNANCY; INDONESIA AB Initial field malaria prophylaxis trials with azithromycin revealed insufficient efficacy against falciparum malaria to develop azithromycin as a single agent. The objective of this in vitro study was to determine the best drug combination(s) to evaluate for future malaria treatment and prophylaxis field trials. In vitro, azithromycin was tested in combination with chloroquine against 10 representative Plasmodium falciparum isolates. Azithromycin was also assessed in combination with eight additional antimalarial agents against two or three multidrug-resistant P. falciparum isolates. Parasite susceptibility testing was carried out with a modification of the semiautomated microdilution technique. The incubation period was extended from the usual 48 It to 68 h. Fifty percent inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)s) were calculated for each drug alone and for drugs in fixed combinations of their respective IC(50)s (1:11 3:1, 1:3, 4:1, 1:4, and 5:1). These data were used to calculate fractional inhibitory concentrations and isobolograms. Chloroquine-azithromycin studies revealed a range of activity from additive to synergistic interactions for the eight chloroquine-resistant isolates tested, while an additive response was seen for the two chloroquine-sensitive isolates. Quinine, tafenoquine, and primaquine were additive to synergistic with azithromycin, while dihydroartemisinin was additive with a trend toward antagonism. The remaining interactions appeared to be additive. These results suggest that a chloroquine-azithromycin combination should be evaluated for malaria prophylaxis and that a quinine-azithromycin combination should be evaluated for malaria treatment in areas of drug resistance. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Pharmacol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY USA. Pfizer Inc, New York, NY USA. RP Ohrt, C (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Pharmacol, Room 1A28,503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Colin.Ohrt@na.amedd.army.mil NR 24 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 46 IS 8 BP 2518 EP 2524 DI 10.1128/AAC.46.8.2518-2524.2002 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 575VG UT WOS:000176968700030 PM 12121927 ER PT J AU Riel, MA Kyle, DE Bhattacharjee, AK Milhous, WK AF Riel, MA Kyle, DE Bhattacharjee, AK Milhous, WK TI Efficacy of proton pump inhibitor drugs against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and their probable pharmacophores SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY; IN-VITRO; INVITRO; RESISTANCE; MALARIA; CLONING; ATPASE; SUBUNIT AB The substituted benzimidazoles omeprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole, and pantoprazole were found to have in vitro activity against three different isolates of Plasmodium falciparum: D6 (which is chloroquine and pyrimethamine sensitive), W2 (chloroquine and pyrimethamine resistant), and TM91C235 (multidrug resistant). Lansoprazole and rabeprazole were the most effective against all three isolates, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) range of 7 to 11 muM. Omeprazole showed intermediate activity against D6 and W2 isolates, with IC(50)s of 27 to 28 muM, but had poor activity against TM91C235, with an IC50 of 76 muM. Pantoprazole was the least effective, with IC(50)s of 73 muM against D6, 53 muM against W2, and 39 muM against TM91C235. A pharmacophore model describing the important features responsible for potent activity of the drugs was developed using computational techniques of semiempirical quantum chemical methods and the three-dimensional QSAR procedure of the CATALYST software. The important features of the pharmacophore, according to the findings based on the CATALYST procedures, are the hydrogen bond acceptor and donor sites at the benzimidine nitrogen atoms and the two aromatic hydrophobic sites in the molecules. AM1 quantum chemical calculations identified the electrostatic potential surface surrounding the sulfoxide atom as crucial for potent activity. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Parasitol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Milhous, WK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 46 IS 8 BP 2627 EP 2632 DI 10.1128/AAC.46.8.2627-2632.2002 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 575VG UT WOS:000176968700046 PM 12121943 ER PT J AU Yeomans, MR Pryke, R Durlach, PJ AF Yeomans, MR Pryke, R Durlach, PJ TI Effect of caffeine-deprivation on liking for a non-caffeinated drink SO APPETITE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-DEPENDENCE; WITHDRAWAL; PERFORMANCE; STATE; LUNCH; ACQUISITION; EXPRESSION; SYMPTOMS; HUNGER; HUMANS AB Liking for a novel non-caffeinated drink decreases when regular caffeine consumers are exposed repeatedly to that drink when caffeine-deprived; however, this dislike is not manifest if people are subsequently tested when not caffeine-deprived (Yeomans et al., 2000a). The present study investigated the basis for this effect, and in particular, whether the decrease in liking observed is specific to the drink flavour experienced during caffeine-deprivation. Twenty-four caffeine consumers evaluated five novel drinks (fruit teas) at pre-training. For each person, the drink with the median liking score was subsequently consumed mid-morning after 12 h caffeine-deprivation on four nonconsecutive training days. Rated pleasantness of this drink decreased significantly over these four training days. Subjects subsequently re-evaluated all five drinks on a test day when half the consumers were given 100 mg caffeine two hours prior to testing, with the remainder receiving placebo. The group who remained deprived continued to express depressed liking for the exposed (target) drink, compared to their pre-training rating of that drink. In contrast, rated pleasantness was not depressed compared to pre-training ratings in the group who had received caffeine prior to testing. Rated pleasantness of the four unexposed drinks was equivalent to pre-training ratings, for both groups, suggesting that the effect of exposure on ratings of the target drink was specific to that drink. As expected, there was some evidence of improved mood in the group receiving caffeine on the test day; but as it was only ratings of the target drink that differed across groups, the group difference cannot be attributed to general effects of mood on use of the rating scale. These data suggest that the reversal of acquired changes in liking for drinks when consumers are changed from a caffeine-deprived to an undeprived condition is best explained in terms of state-dependent learning, that is specific to the drink experienced during caffeine-deprivation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, E Sussex, England. Army Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Orlando, FL USA. RP Yeomans, MR (reprint author), Univ Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, E Sussex, England. RI Yeomans, Martin/A-5291-2012; OI Yeomans, Martin/0000-0003-1436-1483 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6663 J9 APPETITE JI Appetite PD AUG PY 2002 VL 39 IS 1 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.1006/appe.2002.0480 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 588TB UT WOS:000177715800004 PM 12160563 ER PT J AU Fehmi, JS Karn, JF Ries, RE Hendrickson, JR Hanson, JD AF Fehmi, JS Karn, JF Ries, RE Hendrickson, JR Hanson, JD TI Cattle grazing behavior with season-long free-choice access to four forage types SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle-spatial distribution; foraging behaviour; grazing behaviour; cattle-management systems ID PATCH SELECTION; PASTURES; PATTERNS; GRASSES AB This experiment investigated how season-long, free-choice grazing affected weekly cattle grazing behavior and resource use. Our objectives were to determine if known forage preferences change through the season, if feedbacks from previous grazing intensity affect current use, and if resources such as water and salt in combination with a shorter forage base increase grazing time compared to previously rested pasture. Two replicate 24.4-ha grazing enclosures contained four forage types: smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum), western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii) and native range. Each forage type was divided into three sub-areas containing either: a water source, a salt block, or forage deferred from use before the experiment (rested). Resource use was tracked with analysis of aerial photos of the pastures before and after the 3-year study and with weekly direct observation of animal use of each area of the pastures. As each season progressed, use of smooth bromegrass declined and use of crested wheatgrass and western wheatgrass increased. Use of native range remained relatively constant and low throughout the study. The previously rested sub-areas of the replicate pastures had significantly and substantially more grazing than those with salt or water. Significant auto-correlation in the data was well described by an auto-regressive parameter comprised of the sum of the previous 2 weeks grazing time, which showed gradual shifts in forage preference from I week to the next. Aerial photo analysis supported the findings of the behavioral data; preference between forage types changed over time, and grazing use within pastures was uneven and negatively correlated with salt and water sites. Cattle can rotate themselves among various pasture types if given free-choice; and season-long grazing may be an effective system if a variety of forage types are available. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Fehmi, JS (reprint author), USA, Erdc, CERL, Ecol Proc Branch, 2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 62826 USA. OI Fehmi, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0618-9740 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 78 IS 1 BP 29 EP 42 AR PII S0168-1591(02)00079-5 DI 10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00079-5 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 590KV UT WOS:000177822800003 ER PT J AU Fulco, CS Friedlander, AL Muza, SR Rock, PB Robinson, S Lammi, E Baker-Fulco, CJ Lewis, SF Cymerman, A AF Fulco, CS Friedlander, AL Muza, SR Rock, PB Robinson, S Lammi, E Baker-Fulco, CJ Lewis, SF Cymerman, A TI Energy intake deficit and physical performance at altitude SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE body weight loss; lean body mass loss; altitude anorexia; hypoxia exercise ID BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE; BODY-COMPOSITION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; EXPOSURE; EXERCISE; HYPOXIA; FATIGUE; WEIGHT AB Background Physical performance of sea-level (SL) residents acutely exposed to altitude (ALT) is diminished and may improve somewhat with ALT acclimatization. Hypothesis: A large reduction in lean body mass (LBM), due to severe energy intake deficit during the first 21 d of ALT (4300 m) acclimatization, will adversely affect performance. Methods: At ALT, 10 men received a deficit (DEF) of 1500 kcal.d(-1) below body weight (BW) maintenance requirements and 7 men received adequate (ADQ) kcal.d(-1) to maintain BW. Performance was assessed by: 1) maximal oxygen uptake ((V)O(2)rnax); 2) time to complete 50 cycles of a lift and carry task (L+C); 3) number of one-arm elbow flexions (10% BW at 22 flexions.min(-1); and 4) adductor pollicis (AP) muscle strength and endurance time (repeated 5-s static contractions at 50% of maximal force followed by 5-s rest, to exhaustion). Performance and body composition (using BW and circumference measures) were determined at SL and at ALT on days 2 through 21. Results: At SL, there were no between-group differences (p > 0.05) for any of the performance measures. From SL to day 21 at ALT, BW and LBM declined by 6.6 +/- 3 kg and 4.6 kg, respectively, for the DEF group (both p < 0.01), hut did not change (both p > 0.05) for the ADQ group. Performance changes from day 2 or 3 to day 20 or 21 at ALT were as follows (values are means +/- SD): (V)O(2)max (ml.min(-1)): DEF +97 +/- 237, ADQ = +159 +/- 156; L + C (s): DEF = -62 +/- 35*, ADQ = -35 +/- 20* (*p < 0.05; improved from day 3); arm flex (reps): DEF = -2 &PLUSMN; 7, ADQ = +2 &PLUSMN; 8; AP endurance (min): DEF = +1.4 &PLUSMN; 2, ADQ = +1.9 &PLUSMN; 2; AP strength (kg): DEF = -0.7 &PLUSMN; 4, ADQ = -1.2 &PLUSMN; 2. There were no differences in performance between groups. Conclusions: A significant BW and LBM loss due to underfeeding during the first 21 d of ALT acclimatization does not impair physical performance at ALT. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Boston Univ, Sargent Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Fulco, CS (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 73 IS 8 BP 758 EP 765 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 580MQ UT WOS:000177238700004 PM 12182215 ER PT J AU Cymerman, A Lieberman, P Hochstadt, J Rock, PB Butterfield, GE Moore, LG AF Cymerman, A Lieberman, P Hochstadt, J Rock, PB Butterfield, GE Moore, LG TI Speech motor control and acute mountain sickness SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE altitude; hypobaric hypoxia; acute mountain sickness; speech ID HIGH-ALTITUDE; COGNITIVE DEFICITS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; DEXAMETHASONE; DISEASE; EDEMA AB Background: An objective method that accurately quantifies the severity of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) symptoms is needed to enable more reliable evaluation of altitude acclimatization and testing of potentially beneficial interventions. Hypothesis. Changes in human articulation, as quantified by timed variations in acoustic waveforms of specific spoken words (voice onset time; VOT), are correlated with the severity of AMS. Methods: Fifteen volunteers were exposed to a simulated altitude of 4300 In (446 mm Hg) in a hypobaric chamber for 48 h. Speech motor control was determined from digitally recorded and analyzed timing patterns of 30 different monosyllabic words characterized as voiced and unvoiced, and as labial, alveolar, or velar. The Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ) was used to assess AMS. Results: Significant AMS symptoms occurred after 4 h, peaked at 16 h, and returned toward baseline after 48 h. Labial VOTs were shorter after 4 and 39 h of exposure; velar VOTs were altered only after 4 h; and there were no changes in alveolar VOTs. The duration of vowel sounds was increased after 4 h of exposure and returned to normal thereafter. Only 1 of 15 subjects did not increase vowel time after 4 h of exposure. The 39-h labial (p = 0.009) and velar (p = 0.037) voiced-unvoiced timed separations consonants and the symptoms of AMS were significantly correlated. Conclusions: Two objective measures of speech production were affected by exposure to 4300 m altitude and correlated with AMS severity. Alterations in speech production may represent an objective measure of AMS and central vulnerability to hypoxia. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Cognit & Linguist Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Ctr Geriatr Res Educ & Clin, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Cardiovasc Pulm Res Lab, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RP Cymerman, A (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, 42 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 73 IS 8 BP 766 EP 772 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 580MQ UT WOS:000177238700005 PM 12182216 ER PT J AU Hurtle, W Shoemaker, D Henchal, E Norwood, D AF Hurtle, W Shoemaker, D Henchal, E Norwood, D TI Denaturing HPLC for identifying bacteria SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; IDENTIFICATION; MUTATIONS; GENES; DHPLC; PCR AB Denaturing HPLC (DHPLC) is used in a wide variety of genetic applications. Here we introduce a new application for this technique, the identification of bacteria. We combined the capability of DHPLC to detect sequence variation with the principles of rRNA genotyping analysis to develop a high-throughput method of identifying microorganisms. Thirty-nine bacterial species from a broad spectrum of genera were tested to determine if DHPLC could be used for identification. Most (36 of 39) species of bacteria had a unique peak profile that could be used as a molecular fingerprint. Furthermore, a blind panel of 65 different bacterial isolates was analyzed to demonstrate the diagnostic capability of this method to specifically identify Yersinia pestis and Bacillus anthracis. All the Y. pestis samples (70 of 10) and the majority of B. anthracis samples (12 of 74) were correctly identified. The procedure had an overall specificity of 100%, overall sensitivity of 97.7%, and a predictive value of 96.9%. The data suggest that DHPLC of products spanning regions of genetic variability will be a useful application for bacterial identification. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Clin Res Management, N Royalton, OH USA. RP Norwood, D (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 3 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD AUG PY 2002 VL 33 IS 2 BP 386 EP + PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 583PQ UT WOS:000177416600021 PM 12188191 ER PT J AU Matthew, CB Sils, IV Bastille, AM AF Matthew, CB Sils, IV Bastille, AM TI Tissue-specific extravasation of albumin-bound Evans blue in hypothermic and rewarmed rats (vol 80, pg 233, 2002) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Matthew, CB (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4212 J9 CAN J PHYSIOL PHARM JI Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 80 IS 8 BP 833 EP 833 DI 10.1139/Y02-100 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Physiology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Physiology GA 593ZV UT WOS:000178025100012 ER PT J AU Johnson, JE Gavin, DJ Adams-Dramiga, S AF Johnson, JE Gavin, DJ Adams-Dramiga, S TI Effects of training with heliox and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on exercise ability in patients with severe COPD SO CHEST LA Rumanian DT Article DE bilevel positive airway pressure; COPD; exercise; heliox; helium; noninvasive positive pressure ventilation; pulmonary rehabilitation ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; TOLERANCE; REHABILITATION; SUPPORT; PERFORMANCE; HOME; FLOW AB Study objectives: We sought to determine whether breathing heliox or using nasal noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) would produce immediate improvements in exercise capability in patients with COPD, and whether training for 6 weeks with one of these modalities would result in greater exercise improvement than with training unassisted. Setting: US military medical center. Methods: Thirty-nine patients with severe COPD (mean FEV1 of 33.5% predicted) underwent three incremental treadmill tests to exhaustion unassisted, breathing heliox, or breathing with NIPPV. They were then randomized to undergo 6 weeks of twice-weekly rehabilitation with unassisted exercise training (UT group), training while breathing heliox (HT group), or training while breathing with NIPPV (NT group). The three exercise tests were then repeated. Results: Heliox treatment did not produce any immediate benefit in exercise time or maximum workload in the 39 patients initially tested, the 32 patients who completed the protocol, or the HT group. Furthermore, no training advantage was evident in the, HT group (n = 10) compared to the UT group (n = 11). NIPPV did not produce an immediate benefit in the initial tests, but produced a small increase in exercise time in the 32 patients completing the protocol in the final tests. This effect was primarily because of the NT group, who exercised significantly longer (mean +/- SD, 16.8 +/- 4.9 min vs 14.2 +/- 5.6 min, p = 0.0045) and to a higher workload (4.46 +/- 1.55 metabolic equivalents [METs] vs 4.09 +/- 1.75 METs, respectively; p = 0.038) when tested using the ventilator. Compared to the UT group, the NT group started out with a lower exercise time (7.9 +/- 3.5 min vs 12.3 +/- 5.2 min, p = 0.031) in preliminary testing, but the statistical difference was eliminated in the final tests (14.2 +/- 5.6 min vs 16.0 +/- 5.8 min, respectively; p = 0.451). The NT group actually slightly exceeded the UT group when they used the ventilator in final testing, although this was not statistically significant (16.8 4.9 min vs 16.0 +/- 5.8 min, respectively). Conclusion: Heliox treatment does not appear to offer all immediate or training advantage with exercise in patients with COPD. For patients who have undergone regular exercise conditioning with NIPPV, use of the ventilator produces an immediate improvement in both exercise time and maximum workload attained, and it may confer a training advantage. C1 Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Johnson, JE (reprint author), UAB Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care, THT 215,1500 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 31 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD AUG PY 2002 VL 122 IS 2 BP 464 EP 472 DI 10.1378/chest.122.2.464 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 584CJ UT WOS:000177449400017 PM 12171818 ER PT J AU Woodman, PJ Graney, DO AF Woodman, PJ Graney, DO TI Anatomy and physiology of the female perineal body with relevance to obstetrical injury and repair SO CLINICAL ANATOMY LA English DT Review DE perineal body; central tendon; perineum; episiotomy; incontinence; episiorrhaphy ID EXTERNAL ANAL-SPHINCTER; PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; FECAL INCONTINENCE; RISK-FACTORS; VAGINAL DELIVERY; FLOOR MUSCULATURE; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDBIRTH; EPISIOTOMY AB The female perineal body is a mass of interlocking muscular, fascial, and fibrous components lying between the vagina and anorectum. The perineal body is also an integral attachment point for components of the urinary and fecal continence mechanisms, which are commonly damaged during vaginal childbirth. Repair of injuries to the perineal body caused by spontaneous tears or episiotomy are topics too often neglected in medical education. This review presents the anatomy and physiology of the female perineal body, as well as clinical considerations for pelvic reconstructive surgery. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Biol Struct, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Woodman, PJ (reprint author), USA, 115 Colorado Ct, So Pines, NC 28387 USA. NR 91 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0897-3806 J9 CLIN ANAT JI Clin. Anat. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 15 IS 5 BP 321 EP 334 DI 10.1002/ca.10034 PG 14 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 587QA UT WOS:000177652400003 PM 12203375 ER PT J AU Wortmann, G Miller, RS Oster, C Jackson, J Aronson, N AF Wortmann, G Miller, RS Oster, C Jackson, J Aronson, N TI A randomized, double-blind study of the efficacy of a 10-or 20-day course of sodium stibogluconate for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in United States military personnel SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED CLINICAL-TRIAL; MEGLUMINE ANTIMONATE; GUATEMALA; CHEMOTHERAPY; KETOCONAZOLE; PENTOSTAM; SAFETY AB The recommended treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis is pentavalent antimony at a dosage of 20 mg/kg/day for 20 days. Some studies conducted in locales in which Leishmania is endemic have suggested that shorter courses of treatment may be as efficacious. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 10 versus 20 days of sodium stibogluconate (SSG) in United States military personnel who contracted cutaneous leishmaniasis while serving overseas; 19 patients received SSG for 10 days (and placebo for 10 days), and 19 patients received SSG for 20 days. Cure rates were 100% (19 of 19 patients) in the 10-day group and 95% (18 of 19 patients) in the 20-day group. Side effects were more common among patients who received 20 days of therapy. In this group of otherwise healthy young adults, SSG at a dosage of 20 mg/kg/day for 10 days appears to have been therapeutically equivalent and less toxic than the standard 20-day course. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Div Infect Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Wortmann, G (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Div Infect Dis, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 15 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 3 BP 261 EP 267 DI 10.1086/341406 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 573QA UT WOS:000176841300007 PM 12115091 ER PT J AU Wang, P Ebersole, BA Smith, ER Johnson, BD AF Wang, P Ebersole, BA Smith, ER Johnson, BD TI Temporal and spatial variations of surf-zone currents and suspended sediment concentration SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE surf-zone sediment transport; surf-zone hydrodynamics; sediment suspension; longshore sediment transport; cross-shore sediment transport; physical modeling; sediment flux ID LONGSHORE CURRENTS; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; NATURAL BEACH; BARRED BEACH; FINE SANDS; TRANSPORT; WAVES; UNDERTOW; PROFILE; MODELS AB Temporal and spatial variations of surf-zone currents and suspended sediment concentrations were investigated at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center's Large-scale Sediment Transport Facility (LSTF). A longshore-uniform fine-sand beach, 35 m alongshore, 20 m cross-shore, and 25 cm thick was placed in the facility for these experiments. Two unidirectional, long-crested irregular wave conditions were examined, one resulted in predominantly spilling breakers and one in plunging breakers. Waves and currents, and sediment concentrations were measured at 20 and 16 Hz, respectively, at various longshore and cross-shore locations and throughout the water column. Both currents and sediment concentrations exhibit great temporal and spatial variations in the surf zone. The variation patterns, however, of the longshore current, cross-shore current, and sediment concentration are substantially different. Caution should be exercised when averaging these parameters over time and space. For the two wave cases examined, the temporal variations of longshore current, including those at principal incident-wave frequencies, were relatively small across most of the surf zone. Over 70% of the variations are within approximately +/- 60% of the mean value. The wave motion, with a strong peak at principal incident-wave frequencies, dominated the temporal variations of cross-shore current. Temporal variations of suspended sediment concentration under the irregular waves were episodic, characterized by occasional large values induced by suspension events or due to horizontal advection. The variance of the concentration at the peak incident-wave frequency was not significant except very near the bed. Time-averaged longshore-current profiles over the predominantly rippled sand bed were logarithmic in shape below the wave trough. Depth-averaged longshore current (excluding the portion of water column above wave trough) matched well with the current measured at an elevation of 1/3 of the water depth from the bed. Time-averaged cross-shore current profiles were characterized by an onshore mass flux near the surface, and a balancing offshore flow below the wave-trough level (undertow). Sediment concentration decreased very rapidly upward through the water column across most of the surf zone except at the plunging breaker line where relatively homogeneous concentration was measured throughout much of the water column above 4 cm from the bed. Depth-averaged sediment concentration over the range from 1 cm above the bed to the bottom of wave trough roughly equaled the concentration measured at an elevation from the bed equal to 20% of the still-water depth. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. USA, Ctr Res & Dev, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, 4202 E Folwer Ave,SCA 528, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. NR 50 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 46 IS 3 BP 175 EP 211 AR PII S0378-3839(02)00091-1 DI 10.1016/S0378-3839(02)00091-1 PG 37 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 598JH UT WOS:000178272300002 ER PT J AU Kerr, DJ Shen, HT Daly, SF AF Kerr, DJ Shen, HT Daly, SF TI Evolution and hydraulic resistance of anchor ice on gravel bed SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE anchor ice; flow resistance; channel flow; gravel bed; river ice AB This paper presents a laboratory study on anchor ice evolution and its hydraulic effect in channels with a gravel bed. The study revealed that anchor ice is initiated by frazil ice accumulation on bed gravel from half a gravel diameter below the crown level of the gravel. No in-situ ice growth within the frazil accumulation or downward growth towards the bed was observed. During the initial stage of growth anchor ice grew in the forms of tails, scales, or balls, depending on the flow velocity and Froude number. During the final stage of growth, when the gravel bed was covered by ice, the growth rate increased with the heat loss rate and Froude number, and inversely proportional to the flow depth. The overall hydraulic resistance of anchor ice was smaller for smaller bed gravel sizes and decreases with the increase in flow rate and flow depth. The rate of increase of the gross Manning's resistance coefficient decreases with the increase in Reynolds number. The bed/ice surface roughness first increases with anchor ice growth, then decreases to a minimum value after the initial stage of growth, when anchor ice grew out of the gavel bed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Shen, HT (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. NR 18 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 35 IS 2 BP 101 EP 114 AR PII S0165-232X(02)00043-5 DI 10.1016/S0165-232X(02)00043-5 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 593TX UT WOS:000178010600005 ER PT J AU Massie, DD White, KD Daly, SF AF Massie, DD White, KD Daly, SF TI Application of neural networks to predict ice jam occurrence SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE ice jam; ice jam prediction; neural network AB Artificial neural networks show potential for modeling the behavior of complex nonlinear processes, such as those involved in the occurrence of breakup ice jams. Because breakup ice jams and related flooding occur suddenly, ice jam prediction methods are desirable to provide early warning and to allow rapid, effective ice jam mitigation. Unlike open-water flooding, however, an analytical description of all the complex physical processes involved is not available. As a result, breakup ice jam prediction models have historically been limited to classical empirical single-variable threshold-type analyses to statistical methods such as logistic regression and discriminant function analysis. A neural network is shown to improve the error rates of ice jam prediction at Oil City, PA. The neural network input vector is determined and the methods used to appropriately account for the relatively low occurrence of jams are addressed. The neural network prediction proves to be more accurate than the current method used at this site, with a false positive error rate of 5.9% and a false negative error rate of 7.4%. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Massie, DD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 35 IS 2 BP 115 EP 122 AR PII S0165-232X(02)00056-3 DI 10.1016/S0165-232X(02)00056-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 593TX UT WOS:000178010600006 ER PT J AU Han, JW Altman, RB Kumar, V Mannila, H Pregibon, D AF Han, JW Altman, RB Kumar, V Mannila, H Pregibon, D TI Emerging scientific applications in data mining SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Stanford Med Informat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Helsinki, HIIT Basic Res Unit, Dept Comp Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Han, JW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, 1304 W Springfield Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 6 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD AUG PY 2002 VL 45 IS 8 BP 54 EP 58 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 577XC UT WOS:000177087200015 ER PT J AU Reifman, J Feldman, EE AF Reifman, J Feldman, EE TI Multilayer perceptron for nonlinear programming SO COMPUTERS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nonlinear constrained optimization; artificial neural network; multilayer perceptron; penalty function method ID NEURAL-NETWORKS; OPTIMIZATION AB A new method for solving nonlinear programming problems within the framework of a multilayer neural network perceptron is proposed. The method employs the Penalty Function method to transform a constrained optimization problem into a sequence of unconstrained optimization problems and then solves the sequence of unconstrained optimizations of the transformed problem by training a series of multilayer perceptrons. The neural network formulation is represented in such a way that the multilayer perceptron prediction error to be minimized mimics the objective function of the unconstrained problem, and therefore, the minimization of the objective function for each unconstrained optimization is attained by training a single perceptron. The multilayer perceptron allows for the transformation of problems with two-sided bounding constraints on the decision variables x. e.g., a less than or equal to x(n) less than or equal to b, into equivalent optimization problems in which these constraints do not explicitly appear. Hence, when these are the only constraints in the problem, the transformed problem is constraint free (i.e., the transformed objective function contains no penalty terms) and is solved by training a multilayer perceptron only once. In addition, we present a new Penalty Function method for solving nonlinear programming problems that is parameter free and guarantees that feasible solutions are obtained when the optimal solution is on the boundary of the feasible region. Simulation results, including an example from operations research, illustrate the proposed methods. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Reactor Anal & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Reifman, J (reprint author), USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM reifman@tatrc.org NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0548 J9 COMPUT OPER RES JI Comput. Oper. Res. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1237 EP 1250 AR PII S0305-0548(01)00027-2 DI 10.1016/S0305-0548(01)00027-2 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 563CP UT WOS:000176237300009 ER PT J AU Pierson, JC Suh, PS AF Pierson, JC Suh, PS TI Powerlifter's purpura: A Valsalva-associated phenomenon SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID WEIGHT AB The causes of purpura can be classified into intravascular, vascular, and extravascular mechanisms. We describe a case of cervicofacial purpura in a powerlifter attributed to the accompanying Valsalva-associated increased arterial pressure. Powerlifting should be added to the list of activities that may cause purpura. C1 Keller Army Community Hosp, Dermatol Serv, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Pierson, JC (reprint author), Keller Army Community Hosp, Dermatol Serv, 900 Washington Rd, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD AUG PY 2002 VL 70 IS 2 BP 93 EP 94 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 589BK UT WOS:000177738000002 PM 12234164 ER PT J AU Albertini, JG Elston, DM Libow, LF Smith, SB Farley, MF AF Albertini, JG Elston, DM Libow, LF Smith, SB Farley, MF TI Mohs micrographic surgery for melanoma: A case series, a comparative study of immunostains, an informative case report, and a unique mapping technique SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID CUTANEOUS MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; RANDOMIZED SURGICAL TRIAL; CANDIDATE PROTEINS GP100; RUSH PERMANENT SECTIONS; SUN-DAMAGED SKIN; LENTIGO-MALIGNA; LOCAL RECURRENCE; IN-SITU; HETEROGENEOUS EXPRESSION; MELANOCYTIC HYPERPLASIA AB BACKGROUND. Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) has been established as an alternative to standard surgical excision for local cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM) and melanoma in situ (MIS). The use of melanocyte-specific immunohistochemical stains may improve the diagnostic accuracy of MMS frozen sections. OBJECTIVE. We used MMS with immunostains to determine the maximum and minimum margins required to clear 52 melanomas, mostly MIS of the head and neck. We sought to identify the most sensitive melanocyte immunostain for use in MMS frozen sections and to improve the clinicopathologic correlation of perilesional pigmented lesions. METHODS. We studied 52 consecutive cases of invasive melanoma (n = 10) and MIS (n = 42), tabulating the maximum and minimum margins required for complete tumor resection in any one direction during MMS. In 10 of these cases we studied the relative sensitivity of the immunostains MART-1, S-100, and HMB-45 in Mohs frozen sections. We describe a case highlighting the importance of the increased sensitivity of MART-1. In 12 patients we used a unique mapping technique to help determine the clinical relevance of a total of 35 perilesional pigmented foci. RESULTS. The maximum margin averaged 10.1 mm (range 3-26 mm) for MM and 9.4 mm (range 3-18 mm) for MIS. The minimum margin averaged 7.0 mm (range 3-13 mm) for MM and 5.5 mm (range 3-11 mm) for MIS. For individual tumors, the difference between the minimum and maximum margin averaged 3.7 mm (range 0-13 mm). This difference was greater than or equal to5 mm in 38% (20/52) and greater than or equal to10 mm in 10% (5/52), highlighting that subclinical tumor extension is often broad and asymmetric. While five of six MM less than 1.0 mm in depth would have been cleared with a routine 1 cm excision, a standard 5 mm margin would have cleared less than one-quarter of the cases of MIS (10/42). In Mohs frozen sections, MART-1 proved superior in sensitivity to both HMB-45 and S-100. Our mapping technique provided clinically relevant histologic correlation for perilesional pigmented lesions, improving the Mohs surgeon's ability to evaluate equivocal foci in frozen sections. CONCLUSION. MM, especially MIS on the head and neck, often exhibits an asymmetric growth pattern, making it quite suitable for treatment with MMS. The use of MART-1 immunostain may improve the diagnostic accuracy of Mohs surgeons. We believe that HMB-45 should not be used to rule out the diagnosis of MIS in equivocal sections because of its inferior sensitivity. We introduce a new mapping technique as an adjunctive measure to aid in the clinicopathologic evaluation of perilesional skin. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Albertini, JG (reprint author), Skin Surg Ctr, 125 Sunnynoll Ct,Suite 100, Winston Salem, NC 27106 USA. NR 85 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 28 IS 8 BP 656 EP 665 DI 10.1046/j.1524-4725.2002.02024.x PG 10 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 582ZY UT WOS:000177382100002 PM 12174054 ER PT J AU Engel, CC Adkins, JA Cowan, DN AF Engel, CC Adkins, JA Cowan, DN TI Caring for medically unexplained physical symptoms after toxic environmental exposures: Effects of contested causation SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE chronic fatigue syndrome; environmental; fibromyalgia; Gulf War syndrome; medically unexplained symptoms; military; multiple chemical sensitivity; occupational; somatoform; veterans ID CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; LOW-BACK-PAIN; COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY; GULF-WAR; AEROBIC EXERCISE; FIBROMYALGIA SYNDROME; FITNESS PROGRAM; GRADED-EXERCISE; HEALTH CONCERNS AB Medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) are persistent idiopathic symptoms that drive patients to seek medical care. MUPS syndromes include chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome, and multiple chemical sensitivities. When MUPS occur after an environmental exposure or injury, an adversarial social context that we call "contested causation" may ensue. Contested causation may occur publicly and involve media controversy, scientific disagreement, political debate, and legal struggles. This adversarial social context may diminish the effectiveness of the provider-patient relationship. Contested causation also may occur privately, when disagreement over the causes of MUPS takes place in the patient-provider context. These patient-provider disagreements over causation often occur because of the enigmatic nature of MUPS. We suggest that a context of contested causation may have serious negative effects on healthcare for individuals with MUPS. Context plays a larger role in MUPS care than it does for most medical care because of the uncertain nature of MUPS, the reliance of standard MUPS therapies on a potentially tenuous patient-provider partnership, and the clinical need to rely routinely on subjective MUPS assessments that often yield discordant patient and provider conclusions. Contested causation may erode patient-provider trust, test the provider's self-assurance and capacity to share power with the patient, and raise problematic issues of compensation, reparation, and blame. These issues may distract patients and providers from therapeutic goals. In occupational and military settings, the adverse impact of contested causation on the patient-provider partnership may diminish therapeutic effectiveness to a greater degree than it does in other medical settings. Contested causation therefore raises questions regarding generalizability of standard therapies for MUPS and related syndromes to these settings. Future research is needed to learn whether intuitively sensible and evidence-based MUPS therapies benefit occupational and military medical patients who are afforded care in the context of contested causation. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Deployment Hlth Clin Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Engel, CC (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 89 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 9 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 110 SU 4 BP 641 EP 647 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 586ER UT WOS:000177572100022 PM 12194900 ER PT J AU Pilcher, JJ Nadler, E Busch, C AF Pilcher, JJ Nadler, E Busch, C TI Effects of hot and cold temperature exposure on performance: a meta-analytic review SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE temperature; performance; environmental conditions; meta-analysis ID MODERATE COLD; TASK-PERFORMANCE; COGNITIVE TASKS; HEAT; STRESS; METAANALYSIS AB A meta-analysis to mathematically summarize the effect of hot and cold temperature exposure on performance was completed. The results from 515 effect sizes calculated from 22 original studies suggest that hot and cold temperatures negatively impact performance on a wide range of cognitive-related tasks. More specifically, hot temperatures of 90degreesF (32.22degreesC) Web Bulb Globe Temperature Index or above and cold temperatures of 50degreesF (10degreesC) or less resulted in the greatest decrement in performance in comparison to neutral temperature conditions (14.88% decrement and 13.91% decrement, respectively). Furthermore, the duration of exposure to the experimental temperature, the duration of exposure to the experimental temperature prior to the task onset, the type of task and the duration of the task had differential effects on performance. The current results indicate that hot and cold temperature exposure have a negative impact on performance and that other variables (e. g., length of exposure to the temperature or task duration) may modify this relationship. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Psychol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. John A Volpe Natl Transportat Syst Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. USA, Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Pilcher, JJ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Psychol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 65 TC 115 Z9 118 U1 3 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD AUG PY 2002 VL 45 IS 10 BP 682 EP 698 DI 10.1080/00140130210158419 PG 17 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 611DB UT WOS:000179000200002 PM 12437852 ER PT J AU Millward, RN Klerks, PL AF Millward, RN Klerks, PL TI Contaminant-adaptation and community tolerance in ecological risk assessment: Introduction SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE PICT; adaptation; risk assessment; resistance; community tolerance ID POLYCHAETE NEREIS-DIVERSICOLOR; HEAVY-METALS; COPPER; TOXICITY; OLIGOCHAETE; BIOASSAYS; CD AB Contaminant tolerance, either at the level of the community or an adaptation within populations, has important implications to the risk assessment field. Such tolerance has alternatively been described as a nuisance variable, complicating the extrapolation of toxicity data, to field conditions, or as a 'good weather indicator', suggesting environmental resilience to a contaminant. These and other issues are explored in this set of invited papers, in which experienced workers from the field of contaminant tolerance have been invited to comment, on the relationship between tolerance and the analysis of environmental risk. In addition, recent decades have seen the use of tolerance as a tool for assessing contaminant stress, particularly when establishing causality between specific contaminant exposure and significant ecological impact. The paradigm suggests that an increased tolerance to a contaminant is powerful causal evidence that this contaminant has exerted significant stress. Review, commentary and original data contributions within this Debate and Commentary section explore both the complicating and advantageous aspects of tolerance in risk assessment. The papers conclude that complications associated with tolerance demand careful consideration during risk assessments, and that while population adaptation does not appear to be a promising tool, community-level resistance might be a powerful instrument in ecological risk assessment. C1 USA, Analyt Serv Inc, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Millward, RN (reprint author), USA, Analyt Serv Inc, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RI Klerks, Paul/B-6135-2011 OI Klerks, Paul/0000-0001-9895-5144 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 8 IS 5 BP 921 EP 932 DI 10.1080/1080-700291905747 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 592QU UT WOS:000177949000002 ER PT J AU Ghogho, M Swami, A AF Ghogho, M Swami, A TI Blind frequency-offset estimator for OFDM systems transmitting constant-modulus symbols SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dispersive channels; frequency offset; OFDM AB We address the problem of carrier frequency offset (CFO) synchronization in OFDM communications systems in the context of frequency-selective fading channels. We consider the case where the transmitted symbols have constant modulus, i.e., PSK constellations. A novel blind CFO estimation algorithm is developed. The new algorithm is shown to greatly outperform a recently published blind technique that exploits the fact that practical OFDM systems are not fully loaded. Further, the proposed algorithm is consistent even when the system is fully loaded. Finally, the proposed CFO estimator is obtained via a one-dimensional search, the same as with the existing virtual subcarrier-based estimator, but achieves a substantial gain in performance (10-dB SNR or one order of magnitude in CFO MSE). C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ghogho, M (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. NR 4 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1089-7798 J9 IEEE COMMUN LETT JI IEEE Commun. Lett. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 6 IS 8 BP 343 EP 345 DI 10.1109/LCOMM.2002.802040 PG 3 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 585QP UT WOS:000177536300011 ER PT J AU Torrieri, D AF Torrieri, D TI Instantaneous and local-mean power control for direct-sequence CDMA cellular networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International European Wireless Conference CY FEB 28, 2002 CL FLORENCE, ITALY DE CDMA; cellular networks; direct-sequence systems; power control ID SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE AB Proposed and existing power-control systems for direct-sequence CDMA cellular networks measure instantaneous power, whereas theoretical analyzes almost always assume long-term-average or local-mean power control. In this paper, the distinction between the two types of power control is clarified. The outage probability for direct-sequence CDMA systems using instantaneous power control is derived. The results of the analysis of local-mean power control are shown to be similar to those provided by a far more elaborate theoretical analysis. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Torrieri, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0090-6778 J9 IEEE T COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Commun. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 50 IS 8 BP 1310 EP 1315 DI 10.1109/TCOMM.2002.801496 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 587MJ UT WOS:000177644800018 ER PT J AU Herrmann, HW Selwyn, GS Henins, I Park, J Jeffery, M Williams, JM AF Herrmann, HW Selwyn, GS Henins, I Park, J Jeffery, M Williams, JM TI Chemical warfare agent decontamination studies in the plasma decon chamber SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atmospheric-pressure; chemical warfare; decontamination; nonthermal; plasma; sterilization ID ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE PLASMA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DISCHARGE; JET; VX AB A "plasma decon chamber" has been developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Albuquerque, NM, to study the decontamination of chemical and biological warfare agents. This technology is targeted at sensitive electronic equipment for which there is currently no acceptable, nondestructive means of decontamination. Chemical reactivity is provided by a downstream flux of reactive radicals such as atomic oxygen and atomic hydrogen, produced in a capacitively coupled plasma. In addition, the decon chamber provides an environment that accelerates the evaporation of chemical agents from contaminated surfaces by vacuum, heat, and forced convection. Once evaporated, agents and agent byproducts are recirculated directly through the plasma, where they undergo further chemical breakdown. Preliminary studies on actual chemical agents were conducted at the U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground, Dugway, UT. Exposures were conducted at a system pressure of 30 torr, exposure temperature of 70 degreesC, plasma-to-sample standoff distance of 10 cm, and 10% addition of oxygen or hydrogen to a helium balance. This exposure condition was based on optimization studies conducted at LANL on agent simulants. The agents studied were VX and soman (GD) nerve agents and sulfur mustard (HD) blister agent, as well as a thickened simulant. All agents were decontaminated off aluminum substrates to below the detection limit of similar to0.1% of the initial contamination level of approximately 1 mg/cm(2). For VX, this level of decontamination was achieved in 8-16 min of exposure, while only 2 min were required for the more volatile HD and GD. Evaporation and subsequent gas-phase chemical breakdown in the plasma appears to be the dominant decontamination mechanism for all of the agents. However, an observed difference in the decontamination process between oxygen and hydrogen indicates that chemical reactivity in the liquid phase also plays an important role. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USA, Dugway Proving Ground, Dugway, UT 84022 USA. RP Herrmann, HW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1460 EP 1470 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.804196 PN 1 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 638RB UT WOS:000180583100012 ER PT J AU Moore, TJ Sadler, BM Kozick, RJ AF Moore, TJ Sadler, BM Kozick, RJ TI Regularity and strict identifiability in MIMO systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE error statistics; identification; MIMO systems; parameter estimation ID IDENTIFICATION; INFORMATION; SUBSPACE AB We study finite impulse response (FIR) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems with additive noise, treating the finite-length sources and channel coefficients as deterministic unknowns, considering both regularity and identifiability. In blind estimation, the ambiguity set is large, admitting linear combinations of the sources. We show, that the Fisher information matrix (FIM) is always rank deficient by at least the number of sources squared and develop necessary and sufficient conditions for the FIM to achieve its minimum nullity. Tight bounds are given on the required source data lengths to achieve minimum nullity of the FIM. We consider combinations of constraints that lead to regularity (i.e., to a full-rank FIM and, thus a meaningful Cramer-Rao bound). Exploiting the null space of the FIM, we show how parameters must be specified to obtain a full-rank FIM, with implications for training sequence design in multisource systems. Together with constrained Cramer-Rao bounds (CRBs), this approach provides practical techniques for obtaining appropriate MIMO CRBs for many cases. Necessary and sufficient conditions are also developed for strict identifiability (ID). The conditions for strict ID are shown to be nearly equivalent to those for the FIM nullity to be minimized. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI CN, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Bucknell Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. RP Moore, TJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI CN, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 50 IS 8 BP 1831 EP 1842 DI 10.1109/TSP.2002.800416 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 576UB UT WOS:000177023100003 ER PT J AU Rogers, WO Weiss, WR Kumar, A Aguiar, JC Tine, JA Gwadz, R Harre, JG Gowda, K Rathore, D Kumar, S Hoffman, SL AF Rogers, WO Weiss, WR Kumar, A Aguiar, JC Tine, JA Gwadz, R Harre, JG Gowda, K Rathore, D Kumar, S Hoffman, SL TI Protection of rhesus Macaques against lethal plasmodium knowlesi malaria by a heterologous DNA priming and poxvirus boosting immunization regimen SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID VACCINIA VIRUS; DENDRITIC CELLS; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; PLASMID DNA; ANTIGEN; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNITY; ANTIBODY AB We tested a cytokine-enhanced, multiantigen, DNA priming and poxvirus boosting vaccine regimen for prevention of malaria in the Plasmodium knowlesi-rhesus macaque model system. Animals were primed with a mixture of DNA plasmids encoding two preerythrocytic-stage proteins and two erythrocytic-stage proteins from P. knowlesi and combinations of the cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-4, and tumor necrosis factor alpha and were boosted with a mixture of four recombinant, attenuated vaccinia virus strains encoding the four P. knowlesi antigens. Two weeks after boosting, the geometric mean immunofluorescence titers in the immunized groups against sporozoites and infected erythrocytes ranged from 160 to 8,096 and from 1,810 to 5,120, respectively. The geometric mean anti-P. knowlesi circumsporozoite protein (PkCSP) titers ranged from 1,761 to 24,242. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the immunized monkeys produced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in response to incubation with pooled peptides from the PkCSP at frequencies of 10 to 571 spot-forming cells/10(6) PBMC. Following challenge with 100 infectious P. knowlesi sporozoites, 2 of 11 immunized monkeys were sterilely protected, and 7 of the 9 infected monkeys resolved their parasitemias spontaneously. In contrast, all four controls became infected and required treatment for overwhelming parasitemia. Early protection was strongly associated with IFN-gamma responses against a pool of peptides from the preerythrocytic-stage antigen, PkCSP. These findings demonstrate that a multistage, multiantigen, DNA priming and poxvirus boosting vaccine regimen can protect nonhuman primates from an otherwise lethal malaria sporozoite challenge. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Vet Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Virogenet Corp, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USN, Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Rogers, WO (reprint author), US Dept State, Naval Med Res Unit 3, 2020 Accra Pl, Washington, DC 20521 USA. NR 31 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 70 IS 8 BP 4329 EP 4335 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.8.4329-4335.2002 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 574VC UT WOS:000176909400040 PM 12117942 ER PT J AU Zhong, ZK Sun, XS Fang, XH Ratto, JA AF Zhong, ZK Sun, XS Fang, XH Ratto, JA TI Adhesive strength of guanidine hydrochloride - modified soy protein for fiberboard application SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES LA English DT Article DE soy protein isolate; fiberboard; guanidine hydrochloride; adhesion; shear strength; water resistance ID SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE AB Adhesive properties of guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl)-modified soy protein isolate (SPI) for uses in fiberboard were investigated. In addition, effects of GuHCl concentration, SPI concentration, press conditions, and assembly time on gluing strength were studied. Shear strength changed with variation of GuHCl concentration and had a maximum value at 1.0 M GuHCl. Increasing the SPI content improved shear strength greatly at a low concentration. and increasing SPI to high concentrations had little additional effect. Overall shear strength decreased after water soaking, but Showed same trends with GuHCl concentration and with SPI content as unsoaked samples. Shear strength increased as press temperature increased but leveled off at high temperature. Press temperature had a greater effect on the soaked samples. Both press time and assembly time had significant effects on shear strength. The maximum shear strength was obtained with a press time of 5 min and assembly times of 10-15 min, respectively. All samples prepared at 75degreesC or above exhibited cohesive failure within fiberboard. However, samples prepared at 25degreesC and 50degreesC showed both cohesive failures within fiberboard and locus Of failure following the interface between the adhesive and adherend. Furthermore, some glued specimens fell apart after soaking. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USA, Soldier Syst Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Sun, XS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, 201 Shellenberger Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 13 TC 34 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-7496 J9 INT J ADHES ADHES JI Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 22 IS 4 BP 267 EP 272 AR PII S0143-7496(02)00003-9 DI 10.1016/S0143-7496(02)00003-9 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 587XM UT WOS:000177669500001 ER PT J AU Katial, RK Grier, MJ Hazelhurst, DM Hershey, J Engler, RJM AF Katial, RK Grier, MJ Hazelhurst, DM Hershey, J Engler, RJM TI Deleterious effects of electron beam radiation on allergen extracts SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electron beam radiation; ionizing radiation; allergen extracts AB Background: The recent threat to the public posed by the dissemination of Bacillus anthracis through the US postal system has resulted in increased security measures, including electron beam irradiation for the sterilization of some mail. The deleterious effects of electron beam radiation on biological products are not fully understood. Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effect of electron beam radiation, as currently used to sterilize packages and mail in the United States, on several standardized or characterized allergen extracts. Methods: Selected irradiated extracts were analyzed for allergen content and potency by SDS-PAGE, immunoblot, and ELISA (including inhibition) and compared with untreated extracts. Results: The compositions and immunochemical potencies of these products were altered significantly by irradiation treatment. Physical changes to native protein structures observed after electrophoretic separations coincided with near-complete loss of allergenic and antigenic epitopes present on major and minor allergens, according to ELISA and immunoblot comparisons with untreated extracts. Conclusions: These results indicate that extracts subjected to electron beam sterilization conditions are likely to contain modified component structures and properties that might compromise the clinical effectiveness of these products. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Allergy & Immunol Clin, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Greer Labs, Lenoir, NC USA. RP Katial, RK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Allergy & Immunol Clin, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Bldg 2,Room 1J, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 110 IS 2 BP 215 EP 219 AR UNSP 1/10/126377 DI 10.1067/mai.2002.126377 PG 5 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 585DY UT WOS:000177509800004 PM 12170260 ER PT J AU Huber, TE Onakoya, O Ervin, MH AF Huber, TE Onakoya, O Ervin, MH TI Constitutional supercooling and the growth of 200 nm Bi-Sb wire array composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMOELECTRIC FIGURE; NANOWIRES; MERIT; METAL AB Bi1-xSbx (xapproximate to0.1) alloy crystals present a high thermoelectric figure of merit at Tapproximate to100 K. The alloys are difficult to grow successfully and require special techniques to avoid constitutional supercooling and the resulting segregation. We present a study of the growth of 200 nm wire arrays of Bi-Sb by high-pressure injection of the melt of the alloy in a porous template. We find that the concentration of Sb in the nanowires is much lower than the composition of the starting alloy and discuss the results in terms of a model of constitutional supercooling in restricted geometries. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Huber, TE (reprint author), Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 3 BP 1337 EP 1343 DI 10.1063/1.1490159 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 574UJ UT WOS:000176907700026 ER PT J AU Deng, W Burland, V Plunkett, G Boutin, A Mayhew, GF Liss, P Perna, NT Rose, DJ Mau, B Zhou, SG Schwartz, DC Fetherston, JD Lindler, LE Brubaker, RR Plano, GV Straley, SC McDonough, KA Nilles, ML Matson, JS Blattner, FR Perry, RD AF Deng, W Burland, V Plunkett, G Boutin, A Mayhew, GF Liss, P Perna, NT Rose, DJ Mau, B Zhou, SG Schwartz, DC Fetherston, JD Lindler, LE Brubaker, RR Plano, GV Straley, SC McDonough, KA Nilles, ML Matson, JS Blattner, FR Perry, RD TI Genome sequence of Yersinia pestis KIM SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Microbial Genomes CY 2000 CL LAKE ARROWHEAD, CALIFORNIA ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; DNA-SEQUENCE; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; NONSPECIFIC ADHERENCE; PLAGUE; LOCUS; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; VIRULENCE; BACTERIA AB We present the complete genome sequence of Yersinia pestis KIM, the etiologic agent of bubonic and pneumonic plague. The strain KIM, biovar Mediaevalis, is associated with the second pandemic, including the Black Death. The 4.6-Mb genome encodes 4,198 open reading frames (ORFs). The origin, terminus, and most genes encoding DNA replication proteins are similar to those of Escherichia coli K-12. The KIM genome sequence was compared with that of Y. pestis CO92, biovar Orientalis, revealing homologous sequences but a remarkable amount of genome rearrangement for strains so closely related. The differences appear to result from multiple inversions of genome segments at insertion sequences, in a manner consistent with present knowledge of replication and recombination. There are few differences attributable to horizontal transfer. The KIM and E. coli K-12 genome proteins were also compared, exposing surprising amounts of locally colinear "backbone," or synteny, that is not discernible at the nucleotide level. Nearly 54% of KIM ORFs are significantly similar to K-12 proteins, with conserved housekeeping functions. However, a number of E. coli pathways and transport systems and at least one global regulator were not found, reflecting differences in lifestyle between them. In KIM-specific islands, new genes encode candidate pathogenicity proteins, including iron transport systems, putative adhesins, toxins, and fimbriae. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Genet Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Genome Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anim Hlth & Biomed Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Bacterial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Miami, FL 33176 USA. Wadsworth Ctr, David Axelrod Inst, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Univ N Dakota, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Blattner, FR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Genet Lab, 445 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Zhou, Shiguo/B-3832-2011; Mayhew, George/B-4042-2016; Plunkett III, Guy/B-8058-2009; OI Zhou, Shiguo/0000-0001-7421-2506; Mayhew, George/0000-0003-0609-6018; Plunkett III, Guy/0000-0003-1422-469X; Nilles, Matthew/0000-0002-2235-8682 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI44387, R01 AI051520, R01 AI051520-02] NR 47 TC 386 Z9 1403 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 184 IS 16 BP 4601 EP 4611 DI 10.1128/JB.184.16.4601-4611.2002 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 577KF UT WOS:000177059500030 PM 12142430 ER PT J AU Daum, LT Barnes, WJ McAvin, JC Neidert, MS Cooper, LA Huff, WB Gaul, L Riggins, WS Morris, S Salmen, A Lohman, KL AF Daum, LT Barnes, WJ McAvin, JC Neidert, MS Cooper, LA Huff, WB Gaul, L Riggins, WS Morris, S Salmen, A Lohman, KL TI Real-time PCR detection of Salmonella in suspect foods from a gastroenteritis outbreak in Kerr County, Texas SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ASSAY; INVA; IDENTIFICATION; TYPHIMURIUM AB In June 2001, an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis among 109 attendees of a church picnic in Kerr County, Texas, was reported. A 5'-nuclease PCR assay was used to screen for Salmonella in nine food items from the buffet line. Barbeque chicken B tested positive for Salmonella, and no amplification was detected in the remaining food items. These PCR findings were consistent with culture results and were confirmed by direct nucleotide sequencing. Salmonella enterica serotype Panama was cultured from both food and patient stool samples. C1 Brooks AFB, Mol Epidemiol Branch, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. USA, Texas Dept Hlth Fellowship, Austin, TX USA. USA, Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX USA. RP Daum, LT (reprint author), Brooks AFB, Mol Epidemiol Branch, 2601 Louis Bauer Dr, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. NR 10 TC 53 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 40 IS 8 BP 3050 EP 3052 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.8.3050-3052.2002 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 580VA UT WOS:000177255900060 PM 12149377 ER PT J AU Garrison, MA Glanton, C Rasnke, M Smith, ME Ornstein, DL AF Garrison, MA Glanton, C Rasnke, M Smith, ME Ornstein, DL TI Challenging cases and diagnostic dilemmas - Case 1. Tracheal compression in Hodgkin's disease SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Garrison, MA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 15 BP 3344 EP 3347 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 581HP UT WOS:000177286100023 PM 12149308 ER PT J AU Dooley, DP AF Dooley, DP TI Aspiration of the possibly septic joint through potential cellulitis: Just do it! SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Dooley, DP (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2 BP 210 EP 210 AR PII S0736-4679(02)00496-1 DI 10.1016/S0736-4679(02)00496-1 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 599ZN UT WOS:000178365700022 PM 12359298 ER PT J AU Taras, B Sturm, M Liston, GE AF Taras, B Sturm, M Liston, GE TI Snow-ground interface temperatures in the Kuparuk river basin, arctic Alaska: Measurements and model SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL SNOW; ACTIVE-LAYER; CO2 EMISSION; TUNDRA; SOILS; WINTER; COMMUNITIES; TRANSPORT; SYSTEM; FLUXES AB Air and snow-ground interface temperatures were measured during two winters at 33 stations spanning the 180-km-long Kuparuk basin in arctic Alaska. Interface temperatures averaged 7.5degreesC higher than air temperatures and varied in a manner that was more complex, and on a spatial scale more than 100 times smaller, than the air temperature. Within the basin, two distinct thermal regimes could be identified, with the division at the boundary between coastal and uplands provinces. When each station was classified into one of three snow exposure classes (exposed, intermediate, or sheltered), accounting for variations in snow depth and thermal properties, 87% of the variation in the average interface temperature could be predicted from air temperature. Individual station interface temperature records were fit using a beta curve that captured the slow decrease in autumn and the rapid rise in spring. Beta curves were specified by three parameters (alpha, beta, and gamma) that could be predicted if province and snow exposure class were known. A model based on the beta curves was developed and applied over the basin to predict interface temperatures in both time and space. Tests of the model against data from within the domain and from arctic Alaskan locations outside the domain suggest an accuracy of +/-2degreesC when simulating average winter interface temperatures, and +/-3degreesC when simulating daily interface temperatures. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. Solid Solut, Fairbanks, AK USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Sturm, M (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, POB 35170, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. NR 44 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 3 IS 4 BP 377 EP 394 DI 10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0377:SGITIT>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 571GW UT WOS:000176710500001 ER PT J AU Andreas, EL AF Andreas, EL TI Parameterizing scalar transfer over snow and ice: A review SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; NOCTURNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; WESTERN WEDDELL SEA; TRANSFER-COEFFICIENTS; PROFILE RELATIONSHIPS; ENERGY-BALANCE; DRAG COEFFICIENTS; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; ROUGHNESS LENGTH; STRONG STABILITY AB Evaluating the profiles of wind speed, temperature, and humidity in the atmospheric surface layer or modeling the turbulent surface fluxes of sensible and latent heat over horizontally homogeneous surfaces of snow or ice requires five pieces of information. These are the roughness lengths for wind speed (z(0)), temperature (z(T)), and humidity (z(Q)) and the stratification corrections for the wind speed and scalar profiles psi(m) and psi(h), respectively. Because over snow and ice the atmospheric surface layer is often stably stratified, the discussion here focuses first on which of the many suggested psi(m) and psi(h) functions to use over snow and ice. On the basis of four profile metrics-the critical Richardson number, the Deacon numbers for wind speed and temperature, and the turbulent Prandtl number-the manuscript recommends the Holtslag and de Bruin psi(m) and psi(h) functions because these have the best properties in very stable stratification. Next, a reanalysis of five previously published datasets confirms the validity of a parameterization for z(T)/z(0) as a function of the roughness Reynolds number (R-*) that the author reported in 1987. The z(T)/z(0) data analyzed here and that parameterization are compatible for R-* values between 10(-4) and 100, which span the range from aerodynamically smooth through aerodynamically rough flow. Discussion of a z(0) parameterization is deffered and an insufficiency of data for evaluating z(Q) is reported, although some z(Q) data is presented. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM eandreas@crrel.usace.army.mil NR 79 TC 110 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 3 IS 4 BP 417 EP 432 DI 10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0417:PSTOSA>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 571GW UT WOS:000176710500004 ER PT J AU Solaja, BA Terzic, N Pocsfalvi, G Gerena, L Tinant, B Opsenica, D Milhous, WK AF Solaja, BA Terzic, N Pocsfalvi, G Gerena, L Tinant, B Opsenica, D Milhous, WK TI Mixed steroidal 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes: Antimalarial and antimycobacterial activity SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIHYDROARTEMISININ DERIVATIVES; DISPIRO-1,2,4,5-TETRAOXANES; 1,2,4,5-TETROXANES; 7,8,15,16-TETRAOXADISPIRO<5.2.5.2>HEXADECANES; 1,2,4,5,7-PENTOXOCANES AB Mixed 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes possessing simple spirocycloalkane and spirocholic acid-derived substituents were prepared and shown to have significantly higher in vitro antimalarial activity than bis-substituted tetraoxanes. Out of 41 synthesized tetraoxanes, 12 were in vitro more potent against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistant W2 clone than artemisinin, and the most potent one was 2.4 times as active as arteether. In addition, 9 compounds exhibit higher activity than chloroquine against P. falciparum chloroquine-susceptible D6 clone. Cytotoxicity was assessed for most active compounds against the Vero cell line, showing a cytotoxicity/antimalarial potency ratio of 1/(1400-9500). For the first time, tetraoxanes were screened against Mycobacterium tuberculosis with MICs as low as 4.73 muM against H37Rv strain. Mixed tetraoxanes were synthesized in a simple procedure from cholic acid methyl esters by direct coupling of steroidal gem-dihydroperoxide to simple ketones and further transformed into corresponding acids and amides. C1 Univ Belgrade, Fac Chem, YU-11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Catholique Louvain, Chim Phys & Cristallog Lab, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Inst Chem Technol & Met, Belgrade, Yugoslavia. CNR, Ist Sci Alimentazione, Ctr Spettrometria Massa Proteom & Biomol, Avellino, Italy. RP Solaja, BA (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Fac Chem, Karnegijeva 4, YU-11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. RI Pocsfalvi, Gabriella/K-3753-2013; Pocsfalvi, Gabriella/C-4948-2015; OI Pocsfalvi, Gabriella/0000-0001-6065-3853; Solaja, Bogdan/0000-0002-9975-2725 NR 25 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 45 IS 16 BP 3331 EP 3336 DI 10.1021/jm020891g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 578VY UT WOS:000177142800002 PM 12139444 ER PT J AU Zhu, S Hudson, TH Kyle, DE Lin, AJ AF Zhu, S Hudson, TH Kyle, DE Lin, AJ TI Synthesis and in vitro studies of novel pyrimidinyl peptidomimetics as potential antimalarial therapeutic agents SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-KETO AMIDES; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; AMINO-ACIDS; CATHEPSIN-B; CYSTEINE PROTEINASES; VINYL SULFONES; PEPTIDYL; INVITRO; PAPAIN AB A class of new pyrimidinyl peptidomimetic agents (compounds 1-6) were synthesized, and their in vitro antimalarial activities against Plasmodium falciparum were evaluated. The core structure of the new agents consists of a substituted 5-aminopyrimidone ring and a Michael acceptor side chain methyl 2-hydroxymethyl-but-2-enoate. The synthesis of 1-6 featured a Baylis-Hillman reaction of various aldehydes with methyl acrylate catalyzed by 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) and a S(N)2' Mitsunobu reaction under the conditions of diethyl azadicarboxylate (DEAD), triphenylphosphine (Ph3P), and various acids. The new compounds exhibited potent in vitro growth inhibitory activity (IC50 = 10-30 ng/mL) against both chloroquine sensitive (D-6) and chloroquine resistant (W-2) Plasmodium falciparum clones. Compound 6 (IC50 = 6-8 ng/mL) is the most active compound of the class, the antimalarial efficacy of which is comparable to that of chloroquine. In general, this class of compound exhibited weak to moderate in vitro cytotoxicity against neuronal and macrophage cells with IC50 in the range of 1-16 mug/mL and showed less toxicity in a colon cell line. Preliminary results indicated that compounds 3 and 6 are active against P. berghei, prolonged the life span of parasite-bearing mice from 6 days for untreated control to 16-24 days for drug-treated animals. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Lin, AJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Hudson, Thomas/A-9152-2011 NR 40 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 45 IS 16 BP 3491 EP 3496 DI 10.1021/jm020104f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 578VY UT WOS:000177142800018 PM 12139460 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Smith, B Ryan, MAK Gray, GC Hooper, TI Heller, JM Dalager, NA Kang, HK Gackstetter, GD AF Smith, TC Smith, B Ryan, MAK Gray, GC Hooper, TI Heller, JM Dalager, NA Kang, HK Gackstetter, GD TI Ten years and 100,000 participants later: Occupational and other factors influencing participation in US Gulf War health registries SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE CHEMICAL-SENSITIVITY; POSTWAR HOSPITALIZATION EXPERIENCE; COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL-EVALUATION; CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME; POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; SELF-REPORTED SYMPTOMS; PERSIAN-GULF; DESERT-SHIELD; VETERANS; ILLNESSES AB For more than a decade after the Gulf War, there has been concern that wartime exposures have resulted in significant morbidity among Gulf War veterans. After the end of the war, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Department of Defense (DoD) initiated health registries to provide systematic clinical evaluations of Gulf War veterans who chose to participate. By September 1999, there were 32,8 76 participants in the DoD Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Program and 70,385 participants in the VA Gulf War Registry Health Examination Program. We identified demographic and military service factors, as well as potential war-related exposures associated with subsequent registry participation after 10 years of observation. Veterans potentially exposed to oil well fire smoke, those near Khamisiyah, Reserve and National Guard, Army veterans, and veterans in the theater of operations during intense combat periods were most likely to elect to participate in a registry. These findings support the hypothesis that certain occupational factors and wartime exposures may influence subsequent health care-seeking behavior. C1 US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USA, Deployment Environm Surveillance Program, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Environm Epidemiol Serv, Washington, DC USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 44 IS 8 BP 758 EP 768 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000026640.83602.3c PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 583AE UT WOS:000177382700011 PM 12185797 ER PT J AU Crist, BD Lais, RL AF Crist, BD Lais, RL TI Complete tooth extraction: A case report SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA LA English DT Article DE trauma; hand; tooth extraction; human bite; foreign body AB Advanced Trauma and Life Support protocol is used in trauma situations to identify life-threatening injuries, and after those are addressed, it provides a systematic approach to identify minor injuries. A 17-year-old male, who was involved in a motor vehicle accident, was treated for an open toe fracture. He also had an "avulsion injury" to his left hand and was missing a tooth. On follow-up two days later, he was found to have a tooth in his left hand after he presented with cellulitis of a hand wound. He was appropriately treated with foreign body removal, incision and drainage, and antibiotics. This case is not only presented for being unique but also to emphasize the importance of the secondary survey and serial examinations instructed by Advanced Trauma and Life Support. C1 Univ Kansas, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Sect Orthopaed, Wichita, KS 67214 USA. Univ Kansas, Sch Med Wichita, Orthopaed Residency Program, Wichita, KS USA. Via Christi Reg Med Ctr, Wichita, KS USA. RP Crist, BD (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0890-5339 J9 J ORTHOP TRAUMA JI J. Orthop. Trauma PD AUG PY 2002 VL 16 IS 7 BP 523 EP 524 DI 10.1097/00005131-200208000-00013 PG 2 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 582NP UT WOS:000177358300013 PM 12172285 ER PT J AU Hensel, KS Harpstrite, JK AF Hensel, KS Harpstrite, JK TI Maisonneuve fracture associated with a bimalleolar ankle fracture-dislocation: A case report SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA LA English DT Article DE Maisonneuve; syndesmotic; bimalleolar; proximal fibular AB The Maisonneuve fracture consists of a proximal fibular fracture with associated syndesmotic ligament disruption and injury to the medial ankle structures. The accepted mechanism of injury is an external rotation force applied to the ankle with the foot in either supination or pronation. Because most Maisonneuve fractures involve complete syndesmotic disruption, operative treatment is usually indicated. A case report is presented of an unusual fracture pattern-i.e., that of a distal fibular fracture with lateral ankle dislocation associated with a Maisonneuve fracture. To our knowledge, only two other similar cases are reported in the English literature. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Hensel, KS (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0890-5339 J9 J ORTHOP TRAUMA JI J. Orthop. Trauma PD AUG PY 2002 VL 16 IS 7 BP 525 EP 528 DI 10.1097/00005131-200208000-00014 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 582NP UT WOS:000177358300014 PM 12172286 ER PT J AU Bose, M AF Bose, M TI The president and his inner circle: Leadership style and advisory process in foreign policy making. SO JOURNAL OF POLITICS LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Bose, M (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-3816 J9 J POLIT JI J. Polit. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 64 IS 3 BP 922 EP 923 PG 2 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 572EV UT WOS:000176761200014 ER PT J AU Solomon, NP Drager, KDR Luschei, ES AF Solomon, NP Drager, KDR Luschei, ES TI Sustaining a constant effort by the tongue and hand: Effects of acute fatigue SO JOURNAL OF SPEECH LANGUAGE AND HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Motor Speech CY 1998 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA DE fatique; effort; tongue; handgrip; EMG assessment ID AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; VOLUNTARY CONTRACTIONS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; MUSCLE; SYNCHRONIZATION; EXERCISE; FORCE; GENIOGLOSSUS; ELECTRODE AB A constant-effort task was used previously as a potential assessment technique for fatigue. Participants sustained submaximal target effort levels with the tongue and hand against soft air-filled bulbs. For 80% of all trials, pressure decreased exponentially to a positive asymptote. In addition, pressure decreased faster when the muscles were fatigued than when they were rested. This study attempted to replicate the previous findings with new participants and to extend the findings to include surface electromyographic (EMG) data Pressure and surface EMG signals were. g collected simultaneously while 10 neurologically normal young adults performed the constant-effort task at 50% of maximum pressure with the tongue and the hand. Eighty-one percent of the pressure data were modeled by a negative exponential equation with a nonzero asymptote. Seventy-three percent of the corresponding EMG data also fit this mathematical model. The pressure signals decayed more slowly than the corresponding EMG signals, particularly for the hand. After participants fatigued the tongue and hand with repeated brief maximal voluntary contractions, the time constants were reduced (rate of decay increased) for the tongue but not the hand. These results corroborate the previous finding that the time constant, determined from an exponential curve-fitting procedure, is a replicable measure. Furthermore, the reduction in the time constant after inducing acute fatigue in the tongue was replicated, although this same relationship was not replicated for the hand. The EMG data suggest that decreases in neuromuscular drive, including increased early adaptation, motor unit derecruitment, and motor unit desynchronization, contributed to the decrease in pressure during the constant-effort task, especially after acute fatigue was induced. These observations support the hypothesis that the task reflects, at least in part, central fatigue processes. C1 Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Solomon, NP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1092-4388 J9 J SPEECH LANG HEAR R JI J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 45 IS 4 AR UNSP 1092-4388/02/4504-0613 DI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/049) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 585JK UT WOS:000177521500001 PM 12199393 ER PT J AU Westbury, JR Lindstrom, MJ McClean, MD AF Westbury, JR Lindstrom, MJ McClean, MD TI Tongues and lips without jaws: A comparison of methods for decoupling speech movements SO JOURNAL OF SPEECH LANGUAGE AND HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Biennial Conference on Motor Speech CY FEB, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX DE speech; movements; tongue; jaw; decoupling ID MOTOR CONTROL; COORDINATION; PATTERNS; MODEL AB Speech-related motions of small markers attached to the tongue, lower lip, and lower jaw of AA normal young adult talkers of American English were analyzed to estimate the relative accuracy of selected methods for decoupling tongue and lip motions from ongoing jaw motion when all movements are originally measured relative to a common reference frame (such as the head). In general, results of the analysis show that a common "simple subtraction" method that ignores pitching rotation of the jaw yields larger errors in positions and speeds of decoupled tongue and lip markers than methods that do not ignore rotation. When the jaw is widely opened, is moving quickly, and/or when any decoupled marker is relatively far from the origin of a local coordinate system fixed to the jaw, positional and speed errors associated with the subtraction method can exceed 5 mm and 25 mm/s, respectively. We propose a simple procedure for estimating the pitching rotation of the jaw that can be applied when pitch cannot be measured. We then show that decoupled motions of tongue and lower lip markers based on estimated jaw rotation involve less error than those derived from any other decoupling method considered. Careful attention to processing methods should yield more accurate inferences about the nature and degree of coordination between speech-related movements of the tongue and lower lip that are decoupled from, and hence independent of, concurrent movements of the lower jaw. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Communicat Disorders, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biostat & Med Informat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Westbury, JR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Communicat Disorders, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM westbury@wisc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA75097]; NIDCD NIH HHS [R01 DC03273, R01 DC00820, R01 DC03659] NR 27 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1092-4388 J9 J SPEECH LANG HEAR R JI J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 45 IS 4 AR UNSP 1092-4388/02/4504-0651 DI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/052) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 585JK UT WOS:000177521500004 PM 12199396 ER PT J AU Childs, JD Gantt, C Higgins, D Papazis, JA Franklin, R Metzler, T Underwood, FB AF Childs, JD Gantt, C Higgins, D Papazis, JA Franklin, R Metzler, T Underwood, FB TI The effect of repeated bouts of backward walking on physiologic efficiency SO JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE novel task; economy; motor learning; oxygen uptake ID RESPONSES; SEDENTARY; SPEEDS; WOMEN AB Previous studies have demonstrated an increased energy expenditure with novel tasks. With practice, the energy cost decreases as the body more efficiently recruits motor units. This study examined whether one becomes more efficient after repeated bouts of backward walking. The subjects were 7 healthy subjects between the ages of 23 and 49 years. A backward walking speed was calculated to elicit a (V) over dot O-2 equal to 60% of the (V) over dot O(2)max. There were 18 training sessions at the prescribed walking speed 3 d.wk(-1) for 20 min.d(-1). The backward walking speed required to elicit a fixed (V) over dot O-2 increased between weeks 4 and 6 of the training period. This finding suggests that backward walking is indeed a novel task and that motor learning occurs as a result of practice, leading to a more efficient recruitment of motor units. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Brazos Valley Rehabil Ctr, Bryan, TX 77802 USA. USN, Hosp Roosevelt Rd, Phys Therapy Dept, Ceiba, PR USA. Phys Therapy Dept, Robinson Hlth Clin, Ft Bragg, NC 28310 USA. Univ Evansville, Dept Phys Therapy, Evansville, IN 47722 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, NCOIC, Phys Therapy Dept, Tacoma, WA USA. Univ Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722 USA. RP Childs, JD (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1064-8011 J9 J STRENGTH COND RES JI J. Strength Cond. Res. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 451 EP 455 PG 5 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 587TA UT WOS:000177657700018 PM 12173962 ER PT J AU Al-Chaar, G Issa, M Sweeney, S AF Al-Chaar, G Issa, M Sweeney, S TI Behavior of masonry-infilled nonductile reinforced concrete frames SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE masonry; frames; concrete; reinforced; panels; fills AB This paper presents research on the behavior of a type of building popular in high seismic zones with a lateral-load-resisting system consisting of masonry-infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frames. Older buildings of this type typically were designed for gravity loads in combination with insufficient or no lateral loads, therefore they do not meet current seismic code requirements. Also, the participation of infill panels in the lateral load resistance of RC frames was not recognized in the original design, often resulting in an overly conservative design. In an attempt to determine the seismic vulnerability of this type of structure, an experimental program was carried out to evaluate the behavior of five half-scale, single-story laboratory models with different numbers of bays. The results indicated that infilled RC frames exhibit significantly higher ultimate strength, residual strength, and initial stiffness than bare frames without compromising any ductility in the load-deflection response. Furthermore, the number of bays appears to be influential with respect to the peak and residual capacity, the failure mode, and the shear stress distribution. C1 Construct Engn Res Labs, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Mat Engn, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Al-Chaar, G (reprint author), Construct Engn Res Labs, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 9 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2002 VL 128 IS 8 BP 1055 EP 1063 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:8(1055) PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 577KD UT WOS:000177059300011 ER PT J AU Gillespie, DL Patel, A Fileta, B Chang, A Barnes, S Flagg, A Kidwell, M Villavicencio, JL Rich, NM AF Gillespie, DL Patel, A Fileta, B Chang, A Barnes, S Flagg, A Kidwell, M Villavicencio, JL Rich, NM TI Varicose veins possess greater quantities of MMP-1 than normal veins and demonstrate regional variation in MMP-1 and MMP-13 SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Academic-Surgery CY NOV 02-04, 2000 CL UNIV S FLORIDA, TAMPA, FLORIDA SP Assoc Acad Surg HO UNIV S FLORIDA ID PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY; SAPHENOUS VEINS; MAST-CELL; MATRIX; COLLAGENASE; ULCERS; LEG AB Background. Studies have reported that structural proteins such as elastin and collagen are decreased in varicose veins compared to normal controls. We hypothesized that the changes observed in varicose vein wall composition may be related to alterations in extracellular matrix remodeling proteins, such as the matrix metalloproteases and serine proteases. In addition we hypothesized that there may be regional variation in the expression of these enzymes within the leg. Patients and materials. One-centimeter segments of the proximal and distal greater saphenous vein (GSV) were obtained from patients undergoing ligation and stripping for venous insufficiency (vv) (n = 15) or GSV harvest in conjunction with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (n = 7). All vv patients had incompetence of the GSV by color flow duplex. Vein specimens were examined for MMP-1, 3, and 13, tryptase, and GAPDH mRNA using semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis. Quantification of MMP-1 and 13 (active/latent forms) and tryptase was performed using Western blot analysis. Western blots were analyzed using scanning densitometry and standardized to normal controls and values expressed as the median densitometric index (D.I.). Nonparametric statistical methods (Wilcoxan signed rank test and Mann-Whitney U test) were used for analysis. Results. We were able to amplify MMP-1, MMP-13, and tryptase mRNA from both proximal and distal segments of all greater saphenous veins studied. MMP-3 mRNA, however, was not found in either segment of any of the veins examined. A semiquantitative analysis of RT-PCR products comparing the ratio of MMP-1, MMP-13, or tryptase mRNA to GAPDH mRNA showed no difference between cases and controls nor proximal vs distal vein segments. Western blot analysis revealed larger quantities of MMP-1 in varicose veins than in nondiseased veins from CABG patients (48.0 +/- 36.7 D.I. vs 12.5 +/- 6.8 D.I., P = 0.036). Investigation into the regional variation of proteases revealed lower amounts of MMP-1 in distal than in proximal vein segments (37.9 +/- 35.0 D.I. vs 44.1 +/- 41.6 D.I., P = 0.01). Similarly, we found significantly less MMP-13 in distal segments of varicose veins than in proximal segments (152.8 +/- 130.0 D.I. vs 206.7 +/- 173.3 D.I., P = 0.006). Conclusions. This study found that MMP-1 protein is increased in varicose veins when compared to controls despite no differences in mRNA expression. In addition we found that there is regional variation of MMP-1 and AMP-13 in diseased varicose veins. Lower leg veins have significantly reduced amounts of these proteolytic enzymes when compared to veins of the upper thigh. These data suggest that posttranscriptional regulatory controls could be responsible for the observed differences. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Div Vasc Surg, Bethesda, MD 20854 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Vasc Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Mol Biol Sect, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Sect Stat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Gillespie, DL (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Div Vasc Surg, Bethesda, MD 20854 USA. NR 20 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4804 J9 J SURG RES JI J. Surg. Res. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 106 IS 2 BP 233 EP 238 DI 10.1006/jsre.2002.6455 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 592BY UT WOS:000177917900002 PM 12175972 ER PT J AU Dooling, RJ Leek, MR Gleich, O Dent, ML AF Dooling, RJ Leek, MR Gleich, O Dent, ML TI Auditory temporal resolution in birds: Discrimination of harmonic complexes SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BUDGERIGAR MELOPSITTACUS-UNDULATUS; ZEBRA FINCH; AMPLITUDE-MODULATION; MONGOLIAN GERBIL; THRESHOLDS; SENSITIVITY; FOREBRAIN; DYNAMICS; SONGBIRD; MASKING AB The ability of three species of birds to discriminate among selected harmonic complexes with fundamental frequencies varying from 50 to 1000 Hz was examined in behavioral experiments. The stimuli were synthetic harmonic complexes with waveform shapes altered by component phase selection, holding spectral and intensive information constant. Birds were able to discriminate between waveforms with randomly selected component phases and those with all components in cosine phase, as well as between positive and negative Schroeder-phase waveforms with harmonic periods as short as 1-2 ms. By contrast, human listeners are unable to make these discriminations at periods less than about 3-4 ms. Electrophysiological measures, including cochlear microphonic and compound action potential measurements to the same stimuli used in behavioral tests, showed differences between birds and gerbils paralleling, but not completely accounting for, the psychophysical differences observed between birds and humans. It appears from these data that birds can hear the fine temporal structure in complex waveforms over very short periods. These data show birds are capable of more precise temporal resolution for complex sounds than is observed in humans and perhaps other mammals. Physiological data further show that at least part of the mechanisms underlying this high temporal resolving power resides at the peripheral level of the avian auditory system. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Psychol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Regensburg, ENT Dept, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany. RP Dooling, RJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Psychol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC-00046, DC-00626, DC-00198]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH-12698] NR 45 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 17 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 112 IS 2 BP 748 EP 759 DI 10.1121/1.1494447 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 582JK UT WOS:000177346900039 PM 12186054 ER PT J AU Elston, DM Ahmed, DDF Watsky, KL Schwarzenberger, K AF Elston, DM Ahmed, DDF Watsky, KL Schwarzenberger, K TI Hand dermatitis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Bibliography C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, MCHE DD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Mayo Med Ctr, Rochester, MN USA. Hosp St Raphael, Dermatol Sect, New Haven, CT USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, New Haven, CT USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, MCHE DD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 47 IS 2 BP 291 EP 299 DI 10.1067/mjd.2002.122757 PG 9 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 579YJ UT WOS:000177206300016 PM 12140478 ER PT J AU Ritter, S George, R Serwatka, LM Elston, DM AF Ritter, S George, R Serwatka, LM Elston, DM TI Long-term suppression of chronic Sweet's syndrome with colchicine SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYCLOSPORINE; INTERFERON; DERMATOSIS C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol MCHEDD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Ritter, S (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol MCHEDD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 47 IS 2 BP 323 EP 324 DI 10.1067/mjd.2002.121028 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 579YJ UT WOS:000177206300027 PM 12140489 ER PT J AU Ding, MS AF Ding, MS TI Thermodynamic analysis of phase diagrams of binary carbonates based on a regular solution model SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM BATTERIES; ELECTROLYTES; TEMPERATURE; SOLVENT AB A regular solution model was used to describe the Gibbs free energies of mixing for the solid and the liquid of a binary solvent, from which the compositions of the equilibrium phases were calculated on the principle of equal chemical potentials of the components and a phase diagram was thereby constructed by plotting these compositions at different temperatures. The phase diagrams so calculated with the model parameters set to different values well described the experimental findings from the phase diagrams of binary carbonates previously measured. The modeling results showed that the carbonates were essentially insoluble in the solid state and miscible in the liquid state, the intermolecular forces between any pair of linear carbonates were nearly constant, and the attraction between a linear and a cyclic molecule was considerably weaker than the average of the linear-linear and cyclic-cyclic attractions. They also showed that a greater difference in the melting points of the components caused the eutectic point to be closer to the melting point of the low-melting component, a weaker intermolecular attraction between the component molecules caused the solubility curves to be more convex up, and these two effects were independent of each other. It was further suggested that the compatibility between two carbonate liquids was to a large extent determined by the difference in the number of molecular conformations allowed for by the rotatable single bonds in their molecules, which would also account for the changes in other properties of the carbonates. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ding, MS (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 149 IS 8 BP A1063 EP A1068 DI 10.1149/1.1491982 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 573DY UT WOS:000176815100019 ER PT J AU Xu, K Zhang, SS Allen, JL Jow, TR AF Xu, K Zhang, SS Allen, JL Jow, TR TI Nonflammable electrolytes for Li-ion batteries based on a fluorinated phosphate SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOLVENT-CONTAINING ELECTROLYTES; LITHIUM; GRAPHITE AB In this work we demonstrate that the fluorination of alkyl substituents on phosphate can reduce the viscosity, enhance flame-retarding efficiency, and increase electrochemical stability of the cosolvents. Therefore the new flame retardant can be used at a concentration greater than 20% in the electrolyte, as a cosolvent, in order to formulate a completely nonflammable electrolyte that works in lithium-ion cells. This new electrolyte formulation not only increases the safety feature of the lithium-ion battery, while maintaining the capacity utilization and rate capability, but also improves the capacity retention of the cell. The trade-off between electrolyte nonflammability and performance in the cell is thus alleviated by the introduction of fluorine in the structure of the flame retardants. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, Sensor & Elect Device Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Xu, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, Sensor & Elect Device Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012; Xu, Kang/C-6054-2013 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110; NR 18 TC 80 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 149 IS 8 BP A1079 EP A1082 DI 10.1149/1.1490356 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 573DY UT WOS:000176815100021 ER PT J AU Sils, IV Matthew, CB Bastille, AM AF Sils, IV Matthew, CB Bastille, AM TI Estrus related differences in response to a hot environment in telemetry-equipped female rats SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heat stress; rats; estrus cycle; telemetry; thermoregulation ID HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; BLOOD-FLOW; ESTROGEN; HEAT; THERMOREGULATION; EXERCISE; PROGESTERONE; ESTRADIOL AB The purpose of this study was to quantitate the physiological responses of female rats during estrus (E) and non-estrus (NE) phases of their cycle to a short-term exposure to a hot environment (38degreesC. 90 min). Heart rate (HR), core temperature (T-c), activity level (ACT). and evaporative water loss (EWL) responses in telemetry-implanted rats (n = 9) in the heat were compared to responses at room temperature (23degreesC. 90 min). Both at room temperature and in the heat, T-c changed significantly across time and was significantly higher in the heat. At room temperature. HR was not different between estrus stages or across time while in the heat HR changed significantly across time. ACT declined for 20 min and then remained similar among groups for the duration of the exposure. EWL was greater in the heat than at room temperature although during both exposures EWL did not change significantly across time or between stages. These results indicate that in rats the reproductive stage does not affect their response to short-term environmental stimuli. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Sils, IV (reprint author), USA, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Environm Med Res Inst, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 27 IS 4 BP 279 EP 284 AR PII S0306-4565(01)00020-1 DI 10.1016/S0306-4565(01)00020-1 PG 6 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA 558QD UT WOS:000175977300003 ER PT J AU Lukish, J Valladares, E Rodriguez, C Patel, K Bulas, D Newman, KD Eichelberger, MR AF Lukish, J Valladares, E Rodriguez, C Patel, K Bulas, D Newman, KD Eichelberger, MR TI Classical positioning decreases subclavian vein cross-sectional area in children SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Meeting of the Eastern-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY JAN 16-19, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Eastern Assoc Surg Trauma DE subclavian vein; infraclavicular approach; vein size; ultrasound ID CATHETERS AB Background. Recommendations for subclavian vein catheter placement in children are extrapolated from adult experience. The purpose of this study was to determine the ideal body position to optimize the size of the subclavian vein in children for percutaneous catheter placement. Methods. Children underwent ultrasound imaging of the subclavian vein in four supine body positions: head in a neutral position with the chin midline (NL) and no shoulder roll (SR); head turned 90 degrees away (TA) and no SR; head NL with an SR; and head TA with an SR. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the subclavian vein was calculated and statistical significance was determined using the Student's t test and the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: Nine children participated in the study, with a mean age of 5.3 years. The CSA of the subclavian vein was 0.39+/-0.24 em 2 with the head NL and no SR, compared with 0.31+/-0.20 cm(2) with the head TA or 0.32+/-0.23 cm(2) with the head TA and SR. This represented a significant reduction in the CSA of the subclavian vein by 22% and 18%, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion: In children, the recommended maneuvers of turning the head or turning the head and placing a posterior shoulder roll significantly reduce the cross-sectional area of the subclavian vein. Maintaining the head in a normal position with the chin midline without a shoulder roll optimizes subclavian vein size. Positioning children in this manner may serve to reduce the morbidity associated with percutaneous subclavian vein cannulation. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Gen Surg Clin, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Childrens Res Inst, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Surg, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Lukish, J (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Gen Surg Clin, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD AUG PY 2002 VL 53 IS 2 BP 272 EP 275 DI 10.1097/01.TA.0000021590.40033.88 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 585TQ UT WOS:000177541000018 PM 12169933 ER PT J AU See, WA Wirth, MP McLeod, DG Iversen, P Klimberg, I Gleason, D Chodak, G Montie, J Tyrrell, C Wallace, DMA Delaere, KPJ Vaage, S Tammela, TLJ Lukkarinen, O Persson, BE Carroll, K Kolvenbag, GJCM AF See, WA Wirth, MP McLeod, DG Iversen, P Klimberg, I Gleason, D Chodak, G Montie, J Tyrrell, C Wallace, DMA Delaere, KPJ Vaage, S Tammela, TLJ Lukkarinen, O Persson, BE Carroll, K Kolvenbag, GJCM CA CASODEX EARLY PROSTATE CANC TRIAlIST TI Bicalutamide as immediate therapy either alone or as adjuvant to standard care of patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer: First analysis of the early prostate cancer program SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE neoadjuvant therapy; androgen antagonists; prostatic neoplasms ID RADIOTHERAPY; CARCINOMA; TIME AB Purpose: We determine the efficacy and tolerability of bicalutamide as immediate therapy, either alone or as adjuvant to treatment of curative intent, in patients with clinically localized or locally advanced prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: This international program consists of 3 ongoing, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trials (trials 23, 24, and 25). Men with localized or locally advanced (T1-T4, Nx/N0, M0) prostate cancer were randomized to receive 150 mg. bicalutamide daily or placebo, in addition to standard care with radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy or watchful waiting. Primary end points are time to objective progression and overall survival. In this first analysis data from the trials were combined in a single overview analysis according to protocol. Results: Data are available for 8,113 patients (4,052 randomized to bicalutamide, 4,061 to standard care alone) at a median followup of 3.0 years. Treatment with bicalutamide provided a highly significant reduction of 42% in the risk of objective progression compared with standard care alone (9.0% versus 13.8%, hazards ratio 0.58; 95% confidence interval 0.51, 0.66; p much less than0.0001). The overall result was reflected in 2 of the 3 trials (trials 24 and 25) with trial 3 (trial 23) showing a nonsignificant difference at this time. Reductions in the risk of disease progression were seen across the entire patient population, irrespective of primary treatment or disease stage. Overall survival data are currently immature and longer followup will determine if there is also a survival benefit with bicalutamide. The most frequently reported side effects of bicalutamide were gynecomastia and breast pain. Conclusions: Immediate treatment with 150 mg. bicalutamide daily, either alone or as adjuvant to treatment of curative intent, significantly reduces the risk of disease progression in patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer. This benefit must be balanced with the morbidity associated with long-term hormonal therapy. Followup is ongoing to determine potential survival benefits of this treatment approach. C1 Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Dept Urol, D-8027 Dresden, Germany. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Rigshosp, Dept Urol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Adv Clin Therapeut Inc, Tucson, AZ USA. Urol Ctr Florida, Ocala, FL USA. Prostate & Urol Hlth Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Michigan, Urol Sect, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Plymouth Oncol Ctr, Clin Trials Unit, Plymouth, Devon, England. Queen Elizabeth Med Ctr, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Hosp Wever, Dept Urol, Heerlen, Netherlands. Cent Hosp, Rogaland, Norway. Tampere Univ Hosp, Tampere, Finland. Oulu Univ Hosp, Oulu, Finland. AstraZeneca, Sodertalje, Sweden. RP See, WA (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. NR 18 TC 156 Z9 160 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 168 IS 2 BP 429 EP 435 AR UNSP 0022-5347/02/1682-0429-0 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64652-6 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 573DD UT WOS:000176813300005 PM 12131282 ER PT J AU Morey, AF McDonough, RC Kizer, WS Foley, JP AF Morey, AF McDonough, RC Kizer, WS Foley, JP TI Drain-free simple retropubic prostatectomy with fibrin sealant SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; prostatectomy; antifibrinolytic agents; fibrin tissue adhesive ID ADHESIVE BANDAGE; TRIAL; MULTICENTER; INFECTION; WOUNDS AB Purpose: We present our preliminary experience with liquid fibrin sealant during simple retropubic prostatectomy. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 18 consecutive simple retropubic prostatectomies performed for symptomatic advanced benign prostatic hyperplasia at our institution between 1997 and 2001. Adenoma enucleation was performed via transverse anterior prostatic capsulotomy. In the first 13 cases (group 1) a Jackson-Pratt suction drain was placed in the pelvis after prostatic capsular closure. In the remaining 5 cases (group 2) 2 ml. liquid fibrin sealant were administered over the closed prostatic capsule instead of a pelvic drain. Results: The 2 groups were matched for age and prostate size. Average time to drain removal in control group was 3.92 days, while the fibrin sealant group had no clinically apparent adverse sequelae despite the lack of pelvic drainage. Average hospitalization in group 1 was 4.38 days, while all group 2 patients were discharged home after 2 days (p = 0.001). In addition, a trend toward earlier resumption of a full diet was noted in the sealant group (2.61 versus 1 day, p 0.075). Conclusions: Liquid fibrin sealant appears to expedite recovery and shorten hospitalization when used as an adjunct during simple prostatectomy. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Morey, AF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 168 IS 2 BP 627 EP 629 AR UNSP 0022-5347/02/1682-0627/0 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64692-7 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 573DD UT WOS:000176813300054 PM 12131322 ER PT J AU Henderson, CG Griewe, GL Siegel, TS Peppas, DS Esther, TA Moul, JW AF Henderson, CG Griewe, GL Siegel, TS Peppas, DS Esther, TA Moul, JW TI Rapidly progressing adenocarcinoma of the prostate presenting as prostatitis SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostatic neoplasms; adenocarcinoma; pelvic pain; prostatitis ID CANCER C1 Walter Reed Army Ctr, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. Winn Army Community Hosp, Ft Steward, GA USA. RP Henderson, CG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Ctr, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 168 IS 2 BP 638 EP 639 AR UNSP 0022-5347/02/1682-0638/0 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64699-X PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 573DD UT WOS:000176813300061 PM 12131329 ER PT J AU Ployhart, RE Holtz, BC Bliese, PD AF Ployhart, RE Holtz, BC Bliese, PD TI Longitudinal data analysis - Applications of random coefficient modeling to leadership research SO LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID HIERARCHICAL LINEAR-MODELS; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; MEMBER EXCHANGE; DECISION-MAKING; TIME; GROWTH; RELIABILITY; PERFORMANCE AB Understanding how leaders develop, adapt, and perform over time is central to many theories of leadership. However, for a variety of conceptual and methodological reasons, such longitudinal research remains uncommon in the leadership domain. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the leadership scholar to conceptual issues involved in longitudinal design and analysis, and then demonstrate the application of random coefficient modeling (RCM) as a framework capable of modeling longitudinal leadership data. The RCM framework is an extension of the traditional regression model, so many readers will already have the fundamental knowledge required to use RCM. However, RCM has the additional capability of analyzing the kinds of data commonly found in longitudinal studies, including correlated observations, missing data, and heterogeneity over time. Further, the RCM allows for testing predictors of change over time. Thus, we introduce conceptual issues related to longitudinal research, discuss RCM within the context of regression, and conclude with an application of the RCM approach. We use a common substantive example throughout the paper to facilitate our discussion of the RCM. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Ployhart, RE (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 68 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1048-9843 J9 LEADERSHIP QUART JI Leadersh. Q. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 BP 455 EP 486 AR PII S1048-9843(02)00122-4 DI 10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00122-4 PG 32 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 596MN UT WOS:000178168800010 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI The first heroes: The extraordinary story of America's First World War II victory. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 127 IS 13 BP 118 EP 118 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 584WF UT WOS:000177491200208 ER PT J AU Cheuvront, SN Haymes, EM Sawka, MN AF Cheuvront, SN Haymes, EM Sawka, MN TI Comparison of sweat loss estimates for women during prolonged high-intensity running SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE hydration; endurance exercise; fluid balance; gender; fluid requirements ID FLUID REPLACEMENT; EXERCISE AB Purpose: This study evaluated the error produced by four commonly used field estimates and two prediction equations of total body sweat loss. Methods: Eight women distance runners were studied during a 30-km treadmill run (similar to70% <(V)over dot>O-2max) in a warm (30degreesC T-db) and a cool (14degreesC T-db) environment. Total sweat loss (TSL) was determined from changes in body mass corrected for fluid intake (FI), urine losses (UL), clothing (trapped sweat, TS), CO2-O-2 exchange (metabolic mass loss, MML), and respiratory water loss (RWL). TSL was compared with four estimates of sweat losses (often employed in the field) from body mass changes corrected for: a) FI only (F-1); b) FI and TS (F-2): c) FI and UL (F-3); or d) FI, TS, and UL (F-4). Two prediction equations were used also for comparison to TSL values. Results: In the warm environment, F-1, F-3, and F-4 accurately estimated (0.2-6.9%; P > 0.05) TSL, whereas F-2 produced a large error (15.3%; P < 0.05). In the cool environment, all four estimates produced large errors (14-41%; P < 0.05). Both prediction equations markedly underestimated (20-22%) TSL in the warm environment and underestimated (41%) or overestimated (20%) TSL in the cool environment. Conclusion: TSL can be accurately estimated from changes in body mass using F-1, F-3, or F-4 methods in hot environments; however, none of the methods accurately estimated actual TSL values in a cool environment. Neither prediction equation provided accurate estimates of TSL in warm or cool conditions for women runners. These results illustrate the difficulty of accurately estimating and predicting sweat losses in the field. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Nutr Food & Exercise Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Haymes, EM (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Nutr Food & Exercise Sci, 430 Sandels Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1344 EP 1350 DI 10.1097/00005768-200208000-00017 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 581KH UT WOS:000177291000017 PM 12165691 ER PT J AU Ellis, MW Oster, CN Turiansky, GW Blanchard, JR AF Ellis, MW Oster, CN Turiansky, GW Blanchard, JR TI A case report and a proposed algorithm for the transfer of patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis to a burn center SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the American-College-of-Physicians/American-Society-of-International-Medicin e-Associates CY MAY 13, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Coll Physicians, Amer Soc Int Med Associates ID ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME; LYELLS-SYNDROME; DRUGS; DEATH; RISK; UNIT; CARE AB Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare cutaneous diseases marked by substantial epidermal denudation and are often complicated by sepsis and multiple organ failure. They are most commonly caused by drug therapy. Patients afflicted with these diseases require care that may exhaust the capabilities of medicine wards and medical intensive care units alike; however, their mortality is reduced when treated at burn centers, which are better equipped to treat extensive skin denudation. We report a case of TEN and propose an algorithm to provide guidance for making the critical decision to transfer patients with SJS and TEN to burn units. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Ellis, MW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 167 IS 8 BP 701 EP 704 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DY UT WOS:000181421000019 PM 12188246 ER PT J AU Michael, NL AF Michael, NL TI Host genetics and HIV - removing the mask SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HLA; PROGRESSION; RECEPTORS; AIDS AB A newly discovered interplay between two human genes controlling the immune response to HIV has implications for antiretroviral drug therapy and the development of preventive vaccines. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Mol Diagnost & Pathogenesis, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. RP Michael, NL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Mol Diagnost & Pathogenesis, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 8 IS 8 BP 783 EP 785 DI 10.1038/nm0802-783 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 579WJ UT WOS:000177200900018 PM 12152029 ER PT J AU Parker, MF Zahn, CM Vogel, KM Olsen, CH Miyazawa, K O'Connor, DM AF Parker, MF Zahn, CM Vogel, KM Olsen, CH Miyazawa, K O'Connor, DM TI Discrepancy in the interpretation of cervical histology by gynecologic pathologists SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA CIN; INTEROBSERVER VARIATION; BIOPSY SPECIMENS; DIAGNOSIS; SYSTEM; REPRODUCIBILITY; DYSPLASIA AB OBJECTIVE: To determine if subspecialty review of cervical histology improves diagnostic consensus of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). METHODS: After routine histologic assessment within the hospital pathology department, 119 colposcopic cervical biopsies were interpreted by two subspecialty-trained gynecologic pathologists (GYN I and GYN H) blinded to each other's interpretations and to the interpretations of the hospital general pathologists (GEN). Biopsies were classified as normal (including cervicitis), low grade (LG, including CIN I and human papillomavirus changes), and high grade (HG, including CIN II/III). The interobserver agreement rates between GEN and GYN I, between GEN and GYN H, and between GYN I and GYN 11 were described using the kappa statistic. The proportions of biopsies assigned to each biopsy class were compared using McNemar test. RESULTS: Interobserver agreement rates between GEN and GYN I were moderate for normal (kappa = 0.53) and LG (kappa = 0.46) and excellent for HG (kappa = 0.76). There were no significant differences in the classifications between GEN and GYN I. Interobserver agreement rates between GEN and GYN II were moderate for normal (kappa = 0.50) and LG (kappa = 0.44) and excellent for BG (kappa = 0.84). Also, GYN II was significantly more likely to classify biopsies as normal (P < .001) and less likely to classify biopsies as LG (P < .001). The interobserver agreement rates between GYN I and GYN 11 were moderate for normal (kappa = 0.61) and LG (kappa = 0.41) and excellent for HG (kappa = 0.84). Also, GYN II was significantly more likely to classify biopsies as normal (P < .001) and less likely to classify biopsies as LG (P = .01). CONCLUSION: Interobserver agreement between two gynecologic pathologists was no better than that observed between general and gynecologic pathologists. Subspecialty review of cervical histology does not enhance diagnostic consensus of CIN. (C) 2002 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Clin Pathol Associates, Louisville, KY USA. RP Parker, MF (reprint author), 3 English Ivy Court, Rockville, MD 20854 USA. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 100 IS 2 BP 277 EP 280 AR PII S0029-7844(02)02058-6 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02058-6 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 578ZV UT WOS:000177151700013 PM 12151150 ER PT J AU Dremsa, TL Engel, CC Liu, X Johantgen, M Smith, S AF Dremsa, TL Engel, CC Liu, X Johantgen, M Smith, S TI Do mental disorders matter? A study of absenteeism among care seeking Gulf War veterans with ill defined conditions and musculoskeletal disorders SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANXIETY DISORDER; DISABILITY; WORK; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; DEPRESSION AB Aims: To investigate the extent that common psychological conditions contribute to lost work among individuals with musculoskeletal and ill defined conditions. Methods: Cross sectional health and work related survey evaluating Gulf War veterans seeking Department of Defense health care for Gulf War related health concerns. Ordered probit models were used to study whether a provider diagnosed musculoskeletal condition (ICD-9 codes 710-739) or "signs, symptoms, and ill defined conditions" (ICD-9 codes 780-799) have an effect on recent lost work over the previous 90 days in the presence of one or more psychological conditions (ICD-9 codes 290-320) after controlling for sociodemographic variables. Results: Bivariate analyses revealed that musculoskeletal conditions, ill defined conditions, and psychological conditions were positively associated with lost work. Multivariate analyses showed an independent effect of both psychological conditions and musculoskeletal conditions. A significant interaction existed between psychological conditions and musculoskeletal conditions: the presence of a coexisting psychological condition considerably increased the likelihood that a musculoskeletal disorder resulted in lost work, or vice versa. Conclusions: Psychological conditions appear to be an important contributor to absenteeism among individuals with musculoskeletal and ill defined conditions. A limitation of the cross sectional design was the inability to sequence the onset of conditions. C1 USAF, NC, San Antonio, TX 78253 USA. USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Dremsa, TL (reprint author), USAF, NC, 12242 Netherwood Ln, San Antonio, TX 78253 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 59 IS 8 BP 532 EP 536 DI 10.1136/oem.59.8.532 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 582GA UT WOS:000177340400006 PM 12151609 ER PT J AU Partin, AW Hanks, GE Klein, EA Moul, JW Nelson, WG Scher, HI AF Partin, AW Hanks, GE Klein, EA Moul, JW Nelson, WG Scher, HI TI Prostate-specific antigen as a marker of disease activity in prostate cancer SO ONCOLOGY-NEW YORK LA English DT Editorial Material ID EXTERNAL-BEAM RADIATION; RADICAL RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY; BIOCHEMICAL FAILURE; CLINICAL USEFULNESS; DOUBLING TIMES; FREE PSA; SERUM; SURVIVAL; MEN; ADENOCARCINOMA AB Despite the impact of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing on the detection and management of prostate cancer, controversy about its usefulness as a marker of disease activity continues. This review, based on a recent roundtable discussion, examines whether PSA measurements can be used rationally in several clinical settings. Following radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy, prediction of survival by PSA level is most reliable in high-risk patients. PSA doubling time after radiation therapy is the strongest predictor of biochemical failure. PSA measurements have been associated with inconsistent results following hormonal treatment; reduced PSA levels may result from antiandrogen treatment, which decreases expression of the PSA gene, and therefore, the level of PSA production. In the setting of primary and secondary cancer prevention, PSA is important in risk stratification when selecting patients for studies. Part 1 of this two-part article, which concludes in the September issue, focuses on the physiology of PSA, its measurement and use in clinical practice, and its predictive value following radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Sect Urol Oncol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Oncol Clin, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Genitourinary Oncol Serv, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Partin, AW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Sch Med, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. NR 61 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU P R R INC PI MELVILLE PA 48 SOUTH SERVICE RD, MELVILLE, NY 11747 USA SN 0890-9091 J9 ONCOLOGY-NY JI Oncology-NY PD AUG PY 2002 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1024 EP + PG 16 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 585RR UT WOS:000177538800005 PM 12201643 ER PT J AU Prather, DW Shi, SY Sonstroem, J AF Prather, DW Shi, SY Sonstroem, J TI Electromagnetic analysis of finite-thickness diffractive elements SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE diffractive optical elements; lenses; propagation ID SCALAR APPROXIMATION; OPTICAL-ELEMENTS; LENSES AB We present an electromagnetic analysis of diffractive optical elements (DOEs) fabricated on finite-thickness substrates. To this end we use the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to solve the electromagnetic boundary value problem in the vicinity of the DOE and a semi-infinite propagation algorithm to determine the diffracted fields on the output side of the substrate. The formulation of the method and its application to the analysis of several finite-thickness diffractive lenses is presented. (C) 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Night Vis Lab, Lasers Branch, Div Sci & Technol, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Prather, DW (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1792 EP 1796 DI 10.1117/1.1487856 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 587ED UT WOS:000177626800007 ER PT J AU Betts, AM Mitchell, GL Zadnik, K AF Betts, AM Mitchell, GL Zadnik, K TI Visual performance and comfort with the Rose K lens for keratoconus SO OPTOMETRY AND VISION SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Optometry CY DEC 11, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Acad Optometry DE keratoconus; contact lens; visual acuity; comfort; Rose K lens ID ACUITY AB Purpose. The "Rose K Lens for Keratoconus" is a proprietary rigid contact lens design that has been reported and marketed as a lens that provides better visual acuity and comfort than other rigid contact lens designs for keratoconus. Methods. Twenty patients with keratoconus who were wearing rigid contact lenses were refitted into the Rose K lenses. Visual acuity measurements were taken with habitual lenses at the baseline visit and with the Rose K lenses at the completion of the study. Questionnaires were used to assess vision-specific quality of life, contact lens comfort, and self-reported assessment of vision. Results. There were no statistically significant changes in high- or low-contrast visual acuity with the Rose K lenses. There was statistically significant improvement in self-reported assessment of vision-and self-reported assessment of comfort in the eyes with more advanced keratoconus. At the conclusion of the study, 72% of patients preferred the Rose K lenses over their habitual lenses, and 87% reported that they would continue wearing the Rose K lenses. Conclusions. There was no difference in the visual acuity with the Rose K lenses compared with the patients' habitual lenses. Subjective assessment of vision and comfort indicate a statistical improvement for more advanced keratoconus with the Rose K lens. We could not rule out a placebo effect as a source of subjective improvement in vision and comfort. Nevertheless, the successful fit rate and patient preference demonstrate the usefulness of the Rose K lens in clinical practice. C1 Ohio State Univ, Coll Optometry, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Zadnik, K (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Optometry, 338 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Mitchell, Gladys/E-7973-2012 NR 15 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1040-5488 J9 OPTOMETRY VISION SCI JI Optom. Vis. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 79 IS 8 BP 493 EP 501 AR UNSP 1040-5488/02/7908-0493/0 DI 10.1097/00006324-200208000-00011 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 586HN UT WOS:000177578700005 PM 12199541 ER PT J AU McKinnon, BJ Jahrsdoerfer, RA AF McKinnon, BJ Jahrsdoerfer, RA TI Congenital auricular atresia: update on options for intervention and timing of repair SO OTOLARYNGOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AURAL ATRESIA; HEARING-LOSS; SELECTION AB Aural atresia surgery is complex and challenging. Because of the risk of facial nerve injury and hearing loss, the surgeon must decide whether a child will benefit from intervention, and how most efficiently to evaluate him or her. Preoperative and intraoperative decision making requires a thorough understanding of the anomalous anatomy unique to each individual. This article is based on the personal experience of the senior author (RAJ), who has evaluated more than 2000 patients with congenital ear malformations and has operated on approximately 1300 patients. A reliable approach to atresia patients has evolved, which is explored in this article. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Otol Neurotol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Charlottesville, VA 22911 USA. RP McKinnon, BJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Otol Neurotol, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0030-6665 J9 OTOLARYNG CLIN N AM JI Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Am. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 35 IS 4 BP 877 EP + AR PII S0030-6665(02)00058-0 DI 10.1016/S0030-6665(02)00058-0 PG 15 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 620PM UT WOS:000179541800013 PM 12487087 ER PT J AU Brennan, JK Rice, BM AF Brennan, JK Rice, BM TI Molecular simulation of shocked materials using the reactive Monte Carlo method SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID REACTION ENSEMBLE METHOD; FLUID PHASE SEPARATIONS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; DETONATION PROPERTIES; LIQUID-NITROGEN; HIGH-PRESSURES; DYNAMICS; EQUATION; STATE; EQUILIBRIA AB We demonstrate the applicability of the reactive Monte Carlo (RxMC) simulation method [J. K. Johnson, A. Z. Panagiotopoulos, and K. E. Gubbins, Mol. Phys. 81, 717 (1994); W. R. Smith and B. Triska, J. Chem. Phys. 100, 3019 (1994)] for calculating the shock Hugoniot properties of a material. The method does not require interaction potentials that simulate bond breaking or bond formation; it requires only the intermolecular potentials and the ideal-gas partition functions for the reactive species that are present. By performing Monte Carlo sampling of forward and reverse reaction steps, the RxMC method provides information on the chemical equilibria states of the shocked material, including the density of the reactive mixture and the mole fractions of the reactive species. We illustrate the methodology for two simple systems (shocked liquid NO and shocked liquid N(2)), where we find excellent agreement with experimental measurements. The results show that the RxMC methodology provides an important simulation tool capable of testing models used in current detonation theory predictions. Further applications and extensions of the reactive Monte Carlo method are discussed. C1 USA, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Brennan, JK (reprint author), USA, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 66 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 AR 021105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.021105 PN 1 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 593BJ UT WOS:000177971100010 PM 12241148 ER PT J AU Straight, TM Lazarus, AA Decker, CF AF Straight, TM Lazarus, AA Decker, CF TI Defending against viruses in biowarfare - How to respond to smallpox, encephalitides, hemorrhagic fevers SO POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT AB A significant portion of the world's population is vulnerable to viruses that can be prepared as weapons of war. In the case of some viruses, preexposure vaccines or treatments, or both, are either nonexistent or in short supply. In this article, Drs Straight, Lazarus, and Decker describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and prevention of viral diseases that are a concern during this time of heightened awareness about terrorism. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20317 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Pulm Med Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Straight, TM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Dept Med, 6800 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20317 USA. EM timothy.straight@na.amedd.army.mil NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0032-5481 J9 POSTGRAD MED JI Postgrad. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 112 IS 2 BP 75 EP + PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 583NJ UT WOS:000177413700007 PM 12198755 ER PT J AU Sabat, LJ Vogt, C Holliday, B AF Sabat, LJ Vogt, C Holliday, B TI Promoting dredged material as a resource - Dredged material is a valuable resource that can be used in environmentally beneficial ways SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Oceans & Coastal Protect Div, Ocean Discharge & Dumping Team, Washington, DC 20460 USA. USA, Corps Engineers HQ, Navigat & Operat Branch, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Sabat, LJ (reprint author), US EPA, Oceans & Coastal Protect Div, Ocean Discharge & Dumping Team, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 43 IS 8 BP 47 EP 52 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 586XJ UT WOS:000177611200008 ER PT J AU Dang, G Luo, B Ren, F Hobson, WS Lopata, J Pearton, SJ Chang, W Shen, H AF Dang, G Luo, B Ren, F Hobson, WS Lopata, J Pearton, SJ Chang, W Shen, H TI Temperature characteristics of 850 nm, intra-cavity contacted, shallow implant-apertured vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article AB We have investigated the temperature characteristics of 850 nm, intra-cavity contacted, shallow implant-apertured, vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. The devices were fabricated with 7 mum diameter apertures and exhibited multimode behavior. Device lasing is observed up to 80 degreesC. The slope efficiency of the devices decrease from 0.29 to 0.20 W/ A over the temperature range of 20-80 degreesC. From threshold temperature dependence data, the characteristic temperature is 78 degreesC. The fundamental optical mode of the devices shifts to longer wavelengths 0.11 nm/degreesC. The thermal resistance of the devices, determined experimentally, is 1.95 degreesC/mW. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Multiplex Inc, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ren, F (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, POB 116005, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1247 EP 1249 AR PII S0038-1101(02)00019-9 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(02)00019-9 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 578AC UT WOS:000177094400029 ER PT J AU Jensen, JO AF Jensen, JO TI Vibrational frequencies and structure of B4Cl4: an ab intio quantum chemical study SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE vibrations; normal mode frequencies; infrared spectra; Raman spectra; boron chloride; tetraboron tetra chloride; tetrachlorotetraborane ID TETRABORON TETRACHLORIDE; BORON CHLORIDES; CLOSO-BORANES; CLUSTERS; LOCALIZATION; FLUORINATION; CHEMISTRY; HALIDES; SPECTRA; B4F4 AB The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of B4Cl4 are examined theoretically using the Gaussian 98 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of three types of motion predicted by a group theoretical analysis (B-B stretch, B-Cl stretch, B-Cl bend) utilizing the T-d symmetry of the molecule. The vibrational modes of the naturally isotopically substituted (1-B-10, 2-B-10, 3-B-10 and 4-B-10) forms of B4Cl4 were also calculated and compared against experimental data. A complex pattern of frequency shifts and splittings is revealed. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSSB, RRT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Jensen, JO (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSSB, RRT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1386-1425 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA A JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 58 IS 10 BP 2299 EP 2309 AR PII S1386-1425(01)00728-4 DI 10.1016/S1386-1425(01)00728-4 PG 11 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 579ME UT WOS:000177181100027 PM 12212756 ER PT J AU Moul, JW Wu, HY Sun, L McLeod, DG Amling, C Lance, R Kusuda, L Donahue, T Foley, J Chung, A Sexton, W Soderdahl, D Rich, NM AF Moul, JW Wu, HY Sun, L McLeod, DG Amling, C Lance, R Kusuda, L Donahue, T Foley, J Chung, A Sexton, W Soderdahl, D Rich, NM TI Epidemiology of radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer in the era of prostate-specific antigen: An overview of the Department of Defense Center for Prostate Disease Research national database SO SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-University-Surgeons CY FEB 14-16, 2002 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII SP Soc Univ Surg ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY; TIME TRENDS; CARCINOMA; RATES; OUTCOMES AB Background. Because of public awareness and screening, the incidence of clinically localized prostate cancer has increased dramatically in the last 15 years. The Department of Defense Center for Prostate Disease Research (CPDR) was established by the US Congress in 1991 to study prostate cancer in the US military health care system. A key component of CPDR is a multicenter prospective and retrospective prostate research database that collects comprehensive standardized data on all consenting patients. To veto and document changes in the epidemiology of men electing radical prostatectomy (RP) as primary treatment for their localized prostate cancer, we undertook an analysis of such cases when the PSA screening test became widely available and used. Methods. The CPDR database consists of standardized data collection forms for each episode of care completed prospectively, and in some cases, retrospectively, on men with prostate cancer and those undergoing a prostate biopsy for Presumed cancer at participating medical centers. In July 2001, a query of all RPs performed between January 1, 1991, and December 31, 2000, was conducted, revealing 3681 cases for analysis from 9 hospital sites. These cases were analyzed over time (calendar year), and changes in the characteristics of the patients,. disease severity, and surgical results were compared. Results. There was a significant shift to younger men undergoing RP with the median age declining to 62.3 years old by 2000, and more than 40% of the men were less than 60 years old. There was an increase in African-Americans undergoing RP and a large increase in clinical stage T1 disease candidates of both races representing 56.5% of men by 2000. There was a large increase in patients having pretreatment PSA levels between 4 and 10 ng/mL (59.2% by 2000). Retropubic approach was predominant (over 80%) and was associated with a much lower blood loss by 2000 (approximately 800 mL). There was an increase in use of nerve-sparing procedures, and operative time declined significantly to a median of 3.5 hours by 2000. Finally, there was a marked surgical stage migration with a higher proportion of men with organ-confined, disease and negative surgical margins; by 2000, 63.4% had pT2 disease. The early outcomes improved with a 1-year disease-free survival in excess of 93%. Conclusions. RP is being performed more commonly on younger men with earlier stage disease in the PSA era. The operation is now performed more rapidly with less blood loss, and the surgical pathology outcome end points and early disease-free survival are improved. These results Portend well for improved long-term outcomes of surgical therapy. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Dept Urol, Portsmouth, VA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Urol, Bethesda, MD USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. Malcolm Grow AF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Camps Spring, MD USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Augusta, GA USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 26 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0039-6060 J9 SURGERY JI Surgery PD AUG PY 2002 VL 132 IS 2 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1067/msy.2002.125315 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 590YG UT WOS:000177851900015 PM 12219014 ER PT J AU Stiles, BG Blocker, D Hale, ML Guethoff, MA Barth, H AF Stiles, BG Blocker, D Hale, ML Guethoff, MA Barth, H TI Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin: binding studies with fluorescence-activated cytometry SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE fluorescence-activated cytometry; Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin; proteases ID PERFRINGENS IOTA-TOXIN; NONLINKED PROTEIN-COMPONENTS; TISSUE-CULTURE CELLS; RECEPTOR-BINDING; SPIROFORME TOXIN; C-2 TOXIN; ADP-RIBOSYLATION; CELLULAR UPTAKE; ANTHRAX TOXIN; ACTIN AB Clostridium botulinum C2 enterotoxin consists of two unlinked proteins designated as C2II, which recognizes a cell-surface glycoprotein and translocates an ADP-ribosyltransferase, C2I, into the cytosol of a targeted cell. Fluorescence-activated cytometry was used to study the cellular interactions of Alexa488-labeled C2I (C2I-A488) and proteolytically activated C2II (C2IIa-A488). The binding of C2IIa-A488 (4 degreesC/10 min) to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells yielded a signal/noise ratio of 7:1 and 4: 1, respectively. C2I-A488 binding required C2IIa and resulted in a 4:1 (CHO) and 10: 1 (Vero) signal/noise ratio that was readily competed by unlabeled C2I. Neither C2I nor C2IIa bound to a CHO line (RK14), lacking the receptor for C2IIa. C2I-A488 did not dock with the heterologous cell-binding component (iota b) of Clostridium perfringens iota toxin, a binary toxin closely related to C2. Pretreatment of wild-type CHO or Vero cells with pronase or papain (37 degreesC/30 min) prevented a cell-associated C2IIa-specific signal. However, CHO and Vero cells pretreated with papain at 25 degreesC had a 1.5- to 2.3-fold increase in C2IIa-specific fluorescence versus untreated cells incubated with C2IIa-A488. Overall, these studies further demonstrated the utility of fluorescence-activated cytometry for studying the binding characteristics of bacterial binary toxins like C2. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Army Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Freiburg, Inst Expt & Klin Pharmakol & Toxikol, Freiburg, Germany. RP Stiles, BG (reprint author), USA, Army Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RI Barth, Holger/E-7920-2013 NR 36 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD AUG PY 2002 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1135 EP 1140 AR PII S0041-0101(02)00113-7 DI 10.1016/S0041-0101(02)00113-7 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 587UQ UT WOS:000177655500008 PM 12165316 ER PT J AU Jensen, JO AF Jensen, JO TI Vibrational frequencies and structural determinations of tetrafluorobutatriene SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE tetrafluorobutatriene; vibrational frequencies; Gaussview program ID DIFLUOROVINYLIDENE AB The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of tetrafluorobutatriene in D-2h symmetry are examined theoretically using the GAUSSIAN98 Set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of six types of motion (C=C stretch, CF2 scissors, CF2 twist, CF2 wag, CF2 rock, and C=C=C bend) predicted by a group theoretical analysis. By comparing the vibrational frequencies with IR and Raman spectra available in the literature, a set of scaling factors is derived. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSSB, RRT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Jensen, JO (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSSB, RRT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD JUL 26 PY 2002 VL 588 BP 87 EP 97 AR PII S0166-1280(02)00145-8 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(02)00145-8 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 577NW UT WOS:000177068900010 ER PT J AU Jensen, JO AF Jensen, JO TI Vibrational frequencies and structural determinations of trisilylamine SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE vibrations; normal mode frequencies; infrared spectra; Raman spectra; tetrasilylamine ID AMINES; METHYL AB The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of trisilylamine are examined theoretically using the GAUSSIAN 98 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of six types of motion predicted by a group theoretical analysis (Si-H stretch, Si-N stretch, H-Si-H bend, Si-N-Si bend, SiH3 wag, and SiH3 twist) utilizing the C-3h symmetry of the molecule. By comparing the vibrational frequencies with IR and Raman spectra available in the literature, a set of scaling factors is derived. Theoretical IR and Raman intensities are reported. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSSB, RRT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Jensen, JO (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSSB, RRT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD JUL 26 PY 2002 VL 588 BP 175 EP 186 AR PII S0166-1280(02)00170-7 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 577NW UT WOS:000177068900020 ER PT J AU Brachtel, EF Mascola, JR Wear, DJ Ehrenberg, PK Dayhoff, DE Sanders-Buell, E Michael, NL Frankel, SS AF Brachtel, EF Mascola, JR Wear, DJ Ehrenberg, PK Dayhoff, DE Sanders-Buell, E Michael, NL Frankel, SS TI Demonstration of de novo HIV type 1 production by detection of multiply spliced and unspliced HIV type 1 RNA in paraffin-embedded tonsils SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD CELLS; LYMPH-NODES; ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS; VIRAL LOAD; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INFECTED-CELLS; IN-VIVO; REPLICATION AB HIV-1 infection of tonsils takes place when virus spreads systemically, and may occur when tonsillar tissue serves as the initial portal of HIV-1 entry. The HIV replication cycle includes the production of regulatory and accessory gene mRNAs, produced by splicing of genomic mRNA, that are hallmarks of de novo virus production. We sought to demonstrate, for the first time, the presence of multiply spliced viral RNA transcripts in archival tissue as a marker for active virus replication. Further, amplified cDNA sequences from unspliced pol gene mRNA were used to define the genetic subtype of HIV-1 within these tissues. RNA was extracted from surgical pathological, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens, and RT-PCR was performed with primers for unspliced and multiply spliced HIV-1 transcripts. Amplification products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and their specificity was confirmed by sequencing and Southern blot hybridization. Unspliced HIV-1 pol transcripts yielded cDNA amplicons of 184 base pairs (bp) that were cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed these sequences to be of HIV-1 subtype B. Multiply spliced transcripts specific for the tat/rev (173 bp), tat (268 bp), and tat/rev/nef (146 bp) regulatory gene mRNAs could be demonstrated in all cases. These results support the demonstration of active replication of HIV-1 in archival tonsillar tissues previously shown by p24 antigen staining. They also show the feasibility of performing molecular epidemiologic studies on HIV-1 cDNA sequences from archived pathologic specimens. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Infect & Parasit Dis Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Michael, NL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, 1600 E Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUL 20 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 11 BP 785 EP 790 DI 10.1089/08892220260139521 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 577AD UT WOS:000177038600006 PM 12167270 ER PT J AU Mokili, JLK Rogers, M Carr, JK Simmonds, P Bopopi, JM Foley, BT Korber, BT Birx, DL McCutchan, FE AF Mokili, JLK Rogers, M Carr, JK Simmonds, P Bopopi, JM Foley, BT Korber, BT Birx, DL McCutchan, FE TI Identification of a novel clade of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Democratic Republic of Congo SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HIV AB The high genetic heterogeneity of HIV-1 in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) constitutes a real challenge for the development of vaccines to counter the spread of the HIV-1 epidemic. It is important to continue to monitor the epidemic by studying the circulating strains and their impact on the overall spread. As part of the ongoing effort to study the global distribution of HIV-1 subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs), here we describe a new phylogenetic clade of HIV-1 by the analysis of two full-length sequences (83CD003 and 90CD121E12) collected from two individuals at a 7-year interval (1983 and 1990, respectively). One of the two sequences (90CD121E12) was obtained from a vertically infected, 12-month-old baby in Kimpese, rural DRC, an area with low and stable seroprevalence of HIV-1 in women attending antenatal clinics. The two sequences are genetically similar by 95% of their full genome and topologically form a distinct cluster that is equidistant from the existing subtypes (A through K) by the analysis of both the full genome and subgenomic regions. Furthermore, they share several other genetic features, including an additional pair of cysteine residues, predictive of an extra disulfide bridge, in the V4 loop of gp120. This new clade is currently rare, spreading at a slower pace than the other subtypes found in the DRC region. Pending the identification of at least one partial length sequence of the same lineage from another patient who is epidemiologically unlinked to those described here, this clade is not yet named as a subtype as per the recommendation of the nomenclature committee. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, HIV SIV Vaccine Trials Database, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, HIV SIV Vaccine & Sequence Database, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Lab Clin & Mol Virol, Democrat Republ Congo Evolut Grp, Projet Nkebolo SIDA,Inst Med Evangel, Edinburgh EH9 1QH, Midlothian, Scotland. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. RP Mokili, JLK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, HIV SIV Vaccine Trials Database, MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Foley, Brian/0000-0002-1086-0296; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUL 20 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 11 BP 817 EP 823 DI 10.1089/08892220260139567 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 577AD UT WOS:000177038600010 PM 12167273 ER PT J AU Hill, SC Pinnick, RG Niles, S Fell, NF Pan, YL Bottiger, J Bronk, BV Holler, S Chang, RK AF Hill, SC Pinnick, RG Niles, S Fell, NF Pan, YL Bottiger, J Bronk, BV Holler, S Chang, RK TI Fluorescence from airborne microparticles: dependence on size, concentration of fluorophores, and illumination intensity (vol 40, pg 3005, 2001) SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Correction C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Phys Sci Lab, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USA, Soldier Biol Chem Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Ctr Laser Diagnost, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Hill, SC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM shill@arl.army.mil NR 1 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 21 BP 4432 EP 4432 DI 10.1364/AO.41.004432 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA 575WU UT WOS:000176972100029 ER PT J AU Walker, CW AF Walker, CW TI Proton-conducting polymer membrane comprised of a copolymer of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE proton-conducting; membrane; AC impedance; AMPS; Nafion (R); silica ID NAFION/SILICA HYBRID MEMBRANE; FUEL-CELL APPLICATIONS; WATER-UPTAKE; ELECTROLYTE; NAFION(R); TRANSPORT AB In order to identify a proton-conducting polymer membrane suitable for replacing Nafion(R); 117 in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC), we prepared a cross-linked copolymer of hydrophilic 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Fumed silicas were also added in an attempt to increase the amount of water adsorbed by the membrane and to enhance water retention. Hydrated copolymer membranes adsorbed significantly more water than Nafion(R) 117, but were no better at retaining water during drying under ambient conditions. Films composed of 4% AMPS-96% HEMA had a room temperature proton conductivity of 0.029 S cm(-1) which increased to 0.06 S cm(-1) at 80 degreesC. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE DC, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Walker, CW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE DC, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 24 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUL 20 PY 2002 VL 110 IS 1 BP 144 EP 151 AR PII S0378-7753(02)00236-7 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00236-7 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 575EW UT WOS:000176934600021 ER PT J AU Zhang, SS Xu, K Allen, JL Jow, TR AF Zhang, SS Xu, K Allen, JL Jow, TR TI Effect of propylene carbonate on the low temperature performance of Li-ion cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Li-ion cell; propylene carbonate; low temperature; electrolyte; ionic conductivity ID GRAPHITE-ELECTRODES; LITHIUM; ELECTROLYTES; BATTERIES AB The effect of propylene carbonate (PC) on the low temperature performance of Li-ion cells was studied by comparing two electrolytes of 1 m LiPF6 3:7 ethylene carbonate (EC):ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC) and I to LiPF6 1:1:3 PC:EC:EMC. We found that addition of PC to the electrolytes can significantly improve the low temperature performance of Li-ion cells. However, use of PC will cause a slight decrease in the ionic conductivity of the electrolytes owing to its high viscosity, especially at low temperatures. This result suggests that ionic conductivity of the electrolytes would not be the main limitation to the low temperature operation of the Li-ion cells. Analysis of the impedance spectra of fully charged Li-ion cells shows that at 20 degreesC these two cells without and with PC, respectively, have solid electrolyte interface (SET) of similar resistance, however, the presence of PC can substantially decrease its dependence on the temperature. Therefore, the improved low temperature performance using PC can be ascribed to the relatively higher conductivity of the SEI film on the interfaces between electrolyte and electrodes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, SS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012; Xu, Kang/C-6054-2013 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110; NR 21 TC 60 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUL 20 PY 2002 VL 110 IS 1 BP 216 EP 221 AR PII S0378-7753(02)00272-0 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00272-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 575EW UT WOS:000176934600028 ER PT J AU Wootton, JC Feng, XR Ferdig, MT Cooper, RA Mu, JB Baruch, DI Magill, AJ Su, XZ AF Wootton, JC Feng, XR Ferdig, MT Cooper, RA Mu, JB Baruch, DI Magill, AJ Su, XZ TI Genetic diversity and chloroquine selective sweeps in Plasmodium falciparum SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN MALARIA; PARASITE POPULATIONS; RECENT ORIGIN; RESISTANCE; PROTEIN; POLYMORPHISMS; PFCRT AB Widespread use of antimalarial agents can profoundly influence the evolution of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Recent selective sweeps for drug-resistant genotypes may have restricted the genetic diversity of this parasite, resembling effects attributed in current debates(1-4) to a historic population bottleneck. Chloroquine-resistant (CQR) parasites were initially reported about 45 years ago from two foci in southeast Asia and South America(5), but the number of CQR founder mutations and the impact of chlorquine on parasite genomes worldwide have been difficult to evaluate. Using 342 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers from a genetic map(6), here we show that the level of genetic diversity varies substantially among different regions of the parasite genome, revealing extensive linkage disequilibrium surrounding the key CQR gene pfcrt(7) and at least four CQR founder events. This disequilibrium and its decay rate in the pfcrt-flanking region are consistent with strong directional selective sweeps occurring over only similar to20-80 sexual generations, especially a single resistant pfcrt haplotype spreading to very high frequencies throughout most of Asia and Africa. The presence of linkage disequilibrium provides a basis for mapping genes under drug selection in P. falciparum. C1 NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Computat Biol Branch, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Su, XZ (reprint author), NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI feng, xiaorong/G-4811-2010; Ferdig, Michael/C-6627-2016; OI feng, xiaorong/0000-0001-8410-3020; Su, Xinzhuan/0000-0003-3246-3248 NR 20 TC 458 Z9 466 U1 3 U2 41 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 18 PY 2002 VL 418 IS 6895 BP 320 EP 323 DI 10.1038/nature00813 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 574BF UT WOS:000176868000041 PM 12124623 ER PT J AU Yang, RQ Bradshaw, JL Bruno, JD Pham, JT Wortman, DE Tober, RL AF Yang, RQ Bradshaw, JL Bruno, JD Pham, JT Wortman, DE Tober, RL TI Room temperature type-II interband cascade laser SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EFFICIENCY; POWER AB A mid-IR (3.3-3.5 mum) type-II interband cascade laser has been demonstrated at temperatures up to 300 K in pulsed mode and 150 K in cw mode. Threshold current densities as low as 13.2 A/cm(2) and power efficiencies as large as 17% have been achieved under cw conditions at 80 K. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Max Technol Inc, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. RP Bradshaw, JL (reprint author), Max Technol Inc, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RI Bradshaw, John/E-8330-2011 NR 12 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 3 BP 397 EP 399 DI 10.1063/1.1494455 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 569JQ UT WOS:000176599600003 ER PT J AU Morgan, CA Rasmusson, AM Wang, S Hoyt, G Hauger, RL Hazlett, G AF Morgan, CA Rasmusson, AM Wang, S Hoyt, G Hauger, RL Hazlett, G TI Neuropeptide-Y, cortisol, and subjective distress in humans exposed to acute stress: Replication and extension of previous report SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE acute stress; peptides; dissociation; military ID ANXIOLYTIC-LIKE ACTION; ELEVATED PLUS-MAZE; RECEPTOR AGONISTS; CONFLICT TEST; NPY; ANXIETY; NEURONS; HORMONE; RAT; INHIBITION AB Background: We previously reported that stress-related release of cortisol and neuropeptide-Y (NPY) were significantly and positively associated in U.S. Army soldiers participating in survival training. Furthermore, greater levels of NPY were observed in individuals exhibiting fewer psychologic symptoms of dissociation during stress. This study tested whether these findings would be replicated in a sample of U.S. Navy personnel participating in survival school training. Methods: Psychologic as well as salivary and plasma hormone indices were assessed in 25 active duty personnel before, during, and 24 hours after exposure to U.S. Navy survival school stress. Results: Cortisol and NPY were significantly and positively associated during stress and 24 hours after stress; NPY and norepinephrine (NE) were significantly and positively related during and 24 hours after stress. There was a significant, negative relationship between psychologic distress and NPY release during stress. Finally, psychologic symptoms of dissociation reported at baseline predicted significantly less NPY release during stress. Conclusions: These data replicate our previous studies demonstrating that acute stress elicits NPY release and that this release is positively associated with cortisol and NE release. These data also replicate our previous finding that greater levels of NPY release are associated with less psychologic distress suggesting that NPY confers anxiolytic activity. C1 VA Connecticut Healthcare Syst, Natl Ctr PTSD, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New Haven, CT USA. Naval Air Stn, FASOTRAGRUPAC N2, Coronado, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. JFK Special Warfare Training Ctr & Sch, Ft Bragg, NC USA. RP Morgan, CA (reprint author), VA Connecticut Healthcare Syst, Natl Ctr PTSD, 116A, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. NR 29 TC 112 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 52 IS 2 BP 136 EP 142 AR PII S0006-3223(02)00245-5 DI 10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01319-7 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 572LY UT WOS:000176777200008 PM 12114005 ER PT J AU Moul, JW AF Moul, JW TI Radical prostatectomy versus radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate carcinoma - The butcher and the baker selling their wares SO CANCER LA English DT Editorial Material ID CANCER; RADIOTHERAPY; SURVIVAL; DATABASE; SURGERY C1 Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Dept Def, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Rockville, MD USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Dept Def, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 95 IS 2 BP 211 EP 214 DI 10.1002/cncr.10658 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 575CH UT WOS:000176928100002 PM 12124817 ER PT J AU Wang, GX Gertner, G Singh, V Shinkareva, S Parysow, P Anderson, A AF Wang, GX Gertner, G Singh, V Shinkareva, S Parysow, P Anderson, A TI Spatial and temporal prediction and uncertainty of soil loss using the revised universal soil loss equation: a case study of the rainfall-runoff erosivity R factor SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE complex systems; geostatistics; modeling; rainfall-runoff erosivity; spatial variability; temporal variability; soil loss; uncertainty AB Soil loss is commonly predicted using the revised universal soil loss equation consisting of rainfall-runoff erosivity, soil erodibility, slope steepness and length, cover management, and support practice factors. Because of the multiple factors, their interactions, and spatial and temporal variability, soil erosion varies considerably over space and time. For these reasons, modeling soil loss is very complicated. Decision-makers need local and regional estimates of soil loss as well as their corresponding uncertainties. Neglecting the local and detailed information may lead to improper decision-making. This paper demonstrates a strategy based on a sample data set and a geostatistical method called sequential Gaussian simulation to derive local estimates and their uncertainties for the input factors of a soil erosion system. This strategy models the spatial and temporal variability of the factors and derives their estimates and variances at any unknown location and time. This strategy was applied to a case study at which the rainfall-runoff erosivity R factor was spatially and temporally estimated using a data set of rainfall. The results showed that the correlation between the observations and estimates by the strategy ranged from 0.89 to 0.97, and most of the mean estimates fell into their confidence intervals at a probability of 95%. Comparing the estimates of the R factor using a traditional isoerodent map to the observed values suggested that the R factor might have increased and a new map may be needed. The method developed in this study may also be useful for modeling other complex ecological systems. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. USA CERL, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Wang, GX (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, W503 Turner Hall,1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 18 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 153 IS 1-2 BP 143 EP 155 AR PII S0304-3800(01)00507-5 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(01)00507-5 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 571QK UT WOS:000176728000010 ER PT J AU Sorescu, DC Thompson, DL Hurley, MM Chabalowski, CF AF Sorescu, DC Thompson, DL Hurley, MM Chabalowski, CF TI First-principles calculations of the adsorption, diffusion, and dissociation of a CO molecule on the Fe(100) surface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; SULFUR MODIFIED FE(100); WAVE BASIS-SET; PLANE-WAVE; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; TRANSITION; METALS; DYNAMICS AB First-principles pseudopotential plane wave calculations based on spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) have been used to study the adsorption of CO molecules on the Fe(100) surface. Among several possible adsorption configurations considered here, the most stable corresponds to a fourfold state in which a CO molecule is tilted relative to the surface normal by 50degrees. In this case, the CO bond is elongated to 1.32 Angstrom and has a low vibrational stretching frequency of 1246 cm(-1) to be compared with the experimental gas phase value of 2143 cm(-1). The adsorption energy for this state is found to vary between 46.7 and 43.8 kcal/mol depending on the choice of exchange-correlation functional used in the DFT. A total of three adsorption sites have been located, and the relative adsorption energies are E(fourfold)>E(twofold)approximate toE(onefold) at lower surface coverage, and E(fourfold)>E(onefold)>E(twofold) at higher coverage. A similar analysis performed for the C and O atoms indicates that the adsorption at the fourfold site is the most stable among various configurations, with adsorption energies of 186 and 145 kcal/mol, respectively. Additionally, we have demonstrated the possibility that a C atom embeds into the lattice in a twofold, bridgelike configuration with an adsorption energy of 154 kcal/mol. The minimum energy pathways for the surface diffusion of a CO molecule between selected pairs of local minima indicate that the barriers for these processes are generally quite small with values less than 2 kcal/mol. One exception to this is the diffusion out of the most stable fourfold site, where the barrier is predicted to be around 13 kcal/mol. Finally, the barriers for dissociation of CO bound in a fourfold site have been calculated to have values in the range of 24.5-28.2 kcal/mol, supporting the experimental observation that dissociation of CO bound to the surface seems to compete with CO desorption at 440 K. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI HA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 48 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 AR 035416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.035416 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 582FF UT WOS:000177338500112 ER PT J AU Favre, C Boutou, V Hill, SC Zimmer, W Krenz, M Lambrecht, H Yu, J Chang, RK Woeste, L Wolf, JP AF Favre, C Boutou, V Hill, SC Zimmer, W Krenz, M Lambrecht, H Yu, J Chang, RK Woeste, L Wolf, JP TI White-light nanosource with directional emission SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED BREAKDOWN; AQUEOUS-MEDIA; WATER; MICROCAVITIES; CLUSTERS; PULSES; SEMICONDUCTOR; GENERATION; THRESHOLDS; FIELDS AB We report the first observation of white-light emission from femtosecond laser-induced plasma in a water droplet. Such emission is not observed with water in a cell. The microdroplet acts as a lens, focusing the incident light to nanosized regions within itself and directing the emission from these regions primarily back toward the laser source. This focusing increases the intensity so that multiphoton ionization generates plasma and causes it to reach the critical density during the initial part of the pulse, enabling the rest of the pulse to heat the plasma enough to emit in the visible. C1 Univ Lyon 1, Spectrometrie Ion & Mol Lab, UMR5579, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Expt Phys, D-10195 Berlin, Germany. Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Favre, C (reprint author), Univ Lyon 1, Spectrometrie Ion & Mol Lab, UMR5579, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. RI Krenz, Marcel/J-8949-2014; Wolf, Jean-Pierre/B-8315-2012 OI Wolf, Jean-Pierre/0000-0003-3729-958X NR 23 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 3 AR 035002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.035002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 569JP UT WOS:000176599500020 PM 12144398 ER PT J AU Belmont, PJ Klemme, WR Robinson, M Polly, DW AF Belmont, PJ Klemme, WR Robinson, M Polly, DW TI Accuracy of thoracic pedicle screws in patients with and without coronal plane spinal deformities SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE pedicle screw; thoracic spine; accuracy; computed tomography; scoliosis; transverse screw angle; spinal fixation ID IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS; LUMBAR VERTEBRAE; TRANSPEDICULAR SCREWS; MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS; COTREL-DUBOUSSET; PLACEMENT; FIXATION; INSTRUMENTATION; THORACOLUMBAR AB Study Design. This retrospective observational study evaluated 399 transpedicular thoracic screws using postoperative computed tomography (CT). Objectives. To examine the in vivo accuracy of transpedicular thoracic screws in patients with and without coronal plane spinal deformities. Summary of Background Data, There are no comparative studies regarding the safety and accuracy of thoracic pedicle screws in patients with and without coronal plane spinal deformities. Methods. Curve magnitude and segmental vertebral rotation were determined from preoperative radiographs. Postoperative CT was used to assess the placement accuracy of titanium thoracic pedicle screws. Results. Forty-seven patients underwent instrumented posterior spinal fusion using 399 titanium thoracic pedicle screws. Fully contained screw accuracy in patients with coronal plane spinal deformities was less than in patients without coronal plane spinal deformities at T9-T12 (59% vs. 73%, P = 0.04) and overall (42% vs. 62%, P = 0.001). There was no difference between the overall percentages of acceptably positioned screws (less than or equal to2 mm of medial or less than or equal to 6 mm of lateral pedicle perforation) in patients with coronal plane spinal deformities (98 to) versus patients without coronal plane spinal deformities (99%) (P = 0.69). Penetration of the anterior vertebral cortex was more frequent in patients with coronal plane spinal deformities than in those without coronal plane spinal deformities (8.0% vs. 1.0% , P = 0.008). There was no correlation between the accuracy of screw placement and the degree of segmental rotation, screw proximity to the curve apex, or screw position relative to the curve concavity or convexity (P > 0.12). There were no neurologic or vascular complications. Conclusions. The overall percentage of acceptably positioned screws was 98% in patients with corona] plane spinal deformities and 99% in patients without corona] plane spinal deformities. In patients with coronal plane spinal deformities, penetration of the pedicle wall and the anterior vertebral cortex was increased at T9-T12 and overall. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Klemme, WR (reprint author), 5 Indian Rd, San Rafael, CA 94903 USA. OI Belmont, Philip/0000-0003-2618-199X NR 42 TC 71 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 27 IS 14 BP 1558 EP 1566 DI 10.1097/01.BRS.0000018493.19151.68 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 581ZW UT WOS:000177326100014 PM 12131718 ER PT J AU Reifenrath, WG Kammen, HO Palmer, WG Major, MM Leach, GJ AF Reifenrath, WG Kammen, HO Palmer, WG Major, MM Leach, GJ TI Percutaneous absorption of explosives and related compounds: An empirical model of bioavailability of organic nitro compounds from soil SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE in vitro skin absorption; soils; pigskin; organic nitro compounds; thiodiglycol; HPLC ID DERMAL ABSORPTION; IN-VITRO; SKIN-PENETRATION; TCDD AB The percutaneous absorption potentials of C-14-labeled 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), trinitrobenzene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT), 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene, 2,6-diamino-4-nitrotoluene, N-methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitrobenzamine, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine, and 2,2-thiobis(ethanol) were determined from two soil types, Yolo having 1.9% carbon and Tinker having 9.5% carbon. TNT skin absorption from another low-carbon soil (Umatilla) was also determined. Approximately 10 mug/cm(2) of radiolabeled compound was applied in 5 mul of acetone or 10 mg/cm(2) of soil to excised pigskin mounted in skin penetration-evaporation chambers. Absorption from acetone served as a control. Radiolabel recovered from the dermis and tissue culture media (receptor fluid) was summed to determine the percentage of absorption from the soils. For each compound, percentage absorptions of radiolabel were highest from acetone solution and lowest from Tinker soil, with the results from Yolo soil being intermediate. Skin absorptions of TNT from Yolo and Umatilla soils were similar. For TNT in all vehicles, the penetration rate of radiolabel into the receptor fluid was highest during the 1- to 2-h interval after dosing. HPLC analysis of TNT radiolabel in receptor fluid at maximum flux indicated extensive conversion to monoamino derivatives and other metabolites. For 2,4-DNT and 2,6-DNT applications in Yolo soil, percentage absorptions approached those obtained from acetone applications. After 2,4-DNT and 2,6-DNT applications (acetone and soils), HPLC analysis of radiolabel in receptor fluid during the period of maximum flux revealed no significant metabolites. Skin absorption of the nitro compounds from soils was found to correlate with the compound's water solubility and vapor pressure. These findings formed the basis of an empirical model to predict skin bioavailability. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Stratacor Inc, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Biomed Toxicol Associates, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Reifenrath, WG (reprint author), Stratacor Inc, 1315 S 46th St,Bldg 154, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 182 IS 2 BP 160 EP 168 DI 10.1006/taap.2002.9436 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 580XC UT WOS:000177261200008 PM 12140179 ER PT J AU Remaley, AT Bark, S Walts, AD Freeman, L Shulenin, S Annilo, T Elgin, E Rhodes, HE Joyce, C Dean, M Santamarina-Fojo, S Brewer, HB AF Remaley, AT Bark, S Walts, AD Freeman, L Shulenin, S Annilo, T Elgin, E Rhodes, HE Joyce, C Dean, M Santamarina-Fojo, S Brewer, HB TI Comparative genome analysis of potential regulatory elements in the ABCG5-ABCG8 gene cluster SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE sitosterolemia; phytosterols; ABCG5; ABCG8; ABC transporter ID DIETARY-CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION; BIDIRECTIONAL PROMOTER; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; SITOSTEROLEMIA; GATA; ABCG5; MUTATIONS; PROTEIN; DOMAIN; LOCUS AB The excretion of sterols from the liver and intestine is regulated by the ABCG5 and ABCG8 transporters. To identify potential regulatory elements, 152kb of the human ABCG5-ABCG8 gene cluster was sequenced and comparative genome analysis was performed. The two genes are oriented in a head-to-head configuration and are separated by a 374-bp intergenic region, which is highly conserved among several species. Using a reporter construct, the intergenic region was found to act as a bidirectional promoter. A conserved GATA site in the intergenic region was shown by site-directed mutagenesis to act Lis a repressor for the ABCG5 promoter. The intergenic region was also shown to be partially responsive to treatment by LXR agonists. In Summary, several potential regulatory elements were found for the ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes. and the intergenic region was found to act as a bidirectional promoter. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Lab Genom Divers, NIH, Frederick, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC USA. RP Remaley, AT (reprint author), NHLBI, NIH, Bldg 10-2C-433,10 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Dean, Michael/G-8172-2012; Annilo, Tarmo/J-2900-2013 OI Dean, Michael/0000-0003-2234-0631; Annilo, Tarmo/0000-0002-9588-3058 NR 25 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JUL 12 PY 2002 VL 295 IS 2 BP 276 EP 282 AR PII S0006-291X(02)00652-6 DI 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00652-6 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 574WA UT WOS:000176911500010 PM 12150943 ER PT J AU Alessandro, D Kleban, M Hu, XB Marra, A Banks, HD AF Alessandro, D Kleban, M Hu, XB Marra, A Banks, HD TI Glycoside-clustering round calixarenes toward the development of multivalent carbohydrate ligands. synthesis and conformational analysis of calix[4]arene O- and C-glycoconjugates SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID OPENING METATHESIS POLYMERIZATION; L-GLUTAMIC ACID; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; UPPER RIM; STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; CONTAINING DENDRIMERS; WITTIG OLEFINATION; SIALIC-ACID; SELECTIVE FUNCTIONALIZATION AB Bis- and tetra-O- and C-glycosyl calixarenes (calixsugars) have been prepared by tethering carbohydrate moieties to a tetrapropoxycalix[4]arene scaffold through alkyl chains. Two methodologies have been employed. One consisted of the stereoselective multiple glycosylation of upper rim calix[4]arene polyols leading to calix-O-glycosides; the other involved a multiple Wittig olefination of upper rim calix[4]arene-derived polyaldehydes by the use of sugar phosphoranes and reduction of the alkene double bonds affording calix-C-glycosides. The NMR spectra and NOE experiments of bis-glycosylated products indicate that compounds bearing sugar-protected residues exist preferentially in solution in a flattened cone arrangement (far conformation) whereas deprotected derivatives adopt a close conformation. Calculations by molecular mechanics of the latter compounds point to a close conformation as well in gas phase. C1 Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Chim, Chim Organ Lab, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Alessandro, D (reprint author), Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Chim, Chim Organ Lab, Via Borsari 46, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. NR 108 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD JUL 12 PY 2002 VL 67 IS 14 BP 4722 EP 4733 DI 10.1021/jo020178z PG 12 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 569JZ UT WOS:000176600400013 ER PT J AU Jensen, JO AF Jensen, JO TI Vibrational frequencies and structural determinations of Pb-4(OH)(4)(4+) SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE vibrations; normal mode frequencies; infrared spectra; Raman spectra; lead ions ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; SOLUBILITY; CLUSTERS; LEAD; PH AB The vibrational frequencies and corresponding normal mode assignments of Pb-4(OH)(4)(4+) are examined theoretically using the GAUSSIAN98 set of quantum chemistry codes and compared against the available experimental data. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of the four types of motion predicted by a group theoretical analysis (P-O stretch, O-H stretch, O- H wag, and P-O-P bend) utilizing the T-d symmetry of the molecule. The molecular orbitals of Pb-4(OH)(4)(4+) are examined. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Jensen, JO (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD JUL 5 PY 2002 VL 587 BP 111 EP 121 AR PII S0166-1280(02)00102-1 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(02)00102-1 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 576TA UT WOS:000177020100014 ER PT J AU McQuaid, MJ McNesby, KL Rice, BM Chabalowski, CF AF McQuaid, MJ McNesby, KL Rice, BM Chabalowski, CF TI Density functional theory characterization of the structure and gas-phase, mid-infrared absorption spectrum of 2-azido-N,N-dimethylethanamine (DMAZ) SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE 2-azido-N,N-dimethylethanamine; (CH3)(2)NCH2CH2N3; infra red absorption; density functional theory ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; NITRIC-ACID AMMONIA; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; BASIS-SETS; EQUILIBRIUM GEOMETRIES; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; 1ST-ROW ELEMENTS; ATOMS; WATER AB Non-local density functional theory utilizing the B3LYP exchange-correlation functionals with a 6-311 + +G(d,p) basis set was employed to characterize the geometric parameters and normal modes of 12 equilibrium conformations of 2-azido-N,N-dimethylethanamine. Also known as DMAZ, an experimentally acquired, mid-infrared absorption spectrum of this fuel's vapor is analyzed based on the computational results. The analysis indicates that the relative populations of DMAZ conformers in a room temperature sample do not deviate significantly from expectations based on a Boltzmann distribution calculated from their theoretically determined zero-point corrected energies. The most abundant conformer is found to have the central nitrogen atom of the azido group aligned over the amine lone pair electrons. Since this configuration is likely to inhibit proton transfer to the amine site, it may play an influential role in DMAZ's performance as a hypergol. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP McQuaid, MJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD JUL 5 PY 2002 VL 587 BP 199 EP 218 AR PII S0166-1280(02)00115-X DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(02)00115-X PG 20 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 576TA UT WOS:000177020100022 ER PT J AU Friedlander, AM AF Friedlander, AM TI Diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous anthrax SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Friedlander, AM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 3 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 1 BP 43 EP 44 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 568YW UT WOS:000176573400015 PM 12090859 ER PT J AU Lieberman, HR Falco, CM Slade, SS AF Lieberman, HR Falco, CM Slade, SS TI Carbohydrate administration during a day of sustained aerobic activity improves vigilance, as assessed by a novel ambulatory monitoring device, and mood SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE cognition; psychomotor performance; brain; aerobic exercise; glucose; ambulatory monitoring; energy; ergogenic aids; nutritional supplements ID COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; AMINO-ACIDS; EXERCISE; TRYPTOPHAN; HUMANS; SEROTONIN; BEHAVIOR; GLUCOSE; SUPPLEMENTATION; INGESTION AB Background: The brain requires a continuous supply of glucose to function adequately. During aerobic exercise, peripheral glucose requirements increase and carbohydrate Supplementation improves physical performance. The brain's utilization of glucose also increases during aerobic exercise. However, the effects of energy supplementation on cognitive function during sustained aerobic exercise are not well characterized. Objective: The effects of energy supplementation, as liquid carbohydrate, on cognitive function during sustained aerobic activity were examined. Design: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, between-subjects design was used. Young, healthy men (n = 143) were randomly assigned to I of 3 treatment groups. The groups received either a 6% (by vol) carbohydrate (35.1 kJ/kg), 12% (by vol) carbohydrate (70.2 kJ/kg), or placebo beverage in 6 isovolumic doses, and all groups consumed 2 meals (3200 kJ). Over the 10-h study, the subjects performed physically demanding tasks, including a 19.3-km road march and two 4.8-km runs, interspersed with rest and other activities. Wrist-worn vigilance monitors. which emitted auditory stimuli (20/h) to which the subjects responded as rapidly as possible, and a standardized self-report mood questionnaire were used to assess cognitive function. Results: Vigilance consistently improved with supplemental carbohydrates in a dose-related manner; the 12% carbohydrate group performed the best and the placebo group the worst (P < 0.001). Mood-questionnaire results corroborated the results from the monitors; the subjects who received carbohydrates reported less confusion (P = 0.040) and greater vigor (P = 0.025) than did those who received the placebo. Conclusions: Supplemental carbohydrate beverages enhance vigilance and mood during sustained physical activity and interspersed rest. In addition, ambulatory monitoring devices can continuously assess the effects of nutritional factors on cognition as individuals conduct their daily activities or participate in experiments. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Lieberman, HR (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 47 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 76 IS 1 BP 120 EP 127 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 565PK UT WOS:000176378500013 PM 12081825 ER PT J AU Happe, MR Battafarano, DF Dooley, DP Rennie, TA Murphy, FT Casey, TJ Ward, JA AF Happe, MR Battafarano, DF Dooley, DP Rennie, TA Murphy, FT Casey, TJ Ward, JA TI Validation of the Diesse Mini-Ves erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) analyzer using the Westergren ESR method in patients with systemic inflammatory conditions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 82nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Physicians/American-Society-of-Internal-Medicine CY MAR, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Coll Phys, Amer Soc Internal Med DE erythrocyte sedimentation rate; ESR; Diesse Mini-Ves ESR analyzer ID AUTOMATED-SYSTEM; TESTS AB The Diesse Mini-Ves (DMV) erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) analyzer Was designed to improve efficiency in determining the ESR. We compared the Westergren ESR method with the 4-sample DMV ESR analyzer for performance and clinical correlation. This prospective observational study, conducted at a 450-bed tertian, medical center, evaluated 291 paired samples from subjects with various systemic inflammatory conditions. Linear regression analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation between the 2 Methods. Satisfaction, precision of the DMV analyzer was obtained for high and mid-range ESR values. The 4-sample DMV ESR analyzer was precise and comparable in results to the Westergren ESR method. This DMV ESR analyzer is now used at our medical center based on quality control improvements that include a faster safer and more standardized ESR method. Hospital or office-based clinical laboratories should consider using the 4-sample DMV ESR analyzer in place of the Westergren method. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Internal Med Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Internal Med Serv, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Battafarano, DF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med Educ, MCHEED, Rheumatol Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 118 IS 1 BP 14 EP 17 PG 4 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 567FT UT WOS:000176475300002 PM 12109848 ER PT J AU Campbell, KE Brundage, JF AF Campbell, KE Brundage, JF TI Effects of climate, latitude, and season on the incidence of Bell's palsy in the US armed forces, October 1997 to September 1999 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bell palsy; climate; facial paralysis; military personnel; seasons ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; IDIOPATHIC FACIAL PARALYSIS; GENITAL HERPES; DRY AIR; ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT; BLOOD-FLOW; INFECTION; REACTIVATION; STRESS; TYPE-1 AB Bell's palsy is a relatively common disease characterized by the sudden onset of unilateral facial paralysis. Using a centralized surveillance system that contains demographic, military assignment, and medical encounter data of US military service members, the authors estimated rates, trends, and demographic correlates of risk of Bell's palsy during a 2-year period. Poisson regression was used to estimate the independent effects of climate, season, and latitude. From October 1997 to September 1999, there were 1,181 incident cases of Bell's palsy among US service members. The crude incidence rate was 42.77 per 100,000 person-years. Incidence rates increased with age and were higher among females, Blacks, Hispanics, married persons, and enlisted service members. Both climate (adjusted rate ratio for and vs. nonarid climate = 1.34) and season (adjusted rate ratio for cold vs. warm months = 1.31) were independent predictors of risk of Bell's palsy. Latitude was not a statistically significant predictor when demographic, climate, and season effects were taken into account. The results are consistent with hypotheses regarding viral etiologies (e.g., reactivation of herpes simplex) of Bell's palsy. C1 USA, Army Med Surveillance Act, Epidemol & Dis Surveillance Directorate, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med,MCHB,TS,EDM, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Campbell, KE (reprint author), USA, Army Med Surveillance Act, Epidemol & Dis Surveillance Directorate, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med,MCHB,TS,EDM, Bldg T-20,Room 213,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 64 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 156 IS 1 BP 32 EP 39 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf009 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 569ED UT WOS:000176586900004 PM 12076886 ER PT J AU Endy, TP Chunsuttiwat, S Nisalak, A Libraty, DH Green, S Rothman, AL Vaughn, DW Ennis, FA AF Endy, TP Chunsuttiwat, S Nisalak, A Libraty, DH Green, S Rothman, AL Vaughn, DW Ennis, FA TI Epidemiology of inapparent and symptomatic acute dengue virus infection: A prospective study of primary school children in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dengue virus; disease attributes; epidemiologic factors; infection ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; SHOCK SYNDROME; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; ASSAY AB Dengue viruses are a major cause of morbidity in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Knowledge about the epidemiology and host determinants of inapparent and severe dengue virus infections is limited. In this paper, the authors report findings from the first 3 years of a prospective study of dengue virus transmission and disease severity conducted in a cohort of 2,119 elementary school children in northern Thailand. A total of 717,106 person-school days were observed from 1998 to 2000. The incidence of inapparent and of symptomatic dengue virus infection was 4.3% and 3.6% in 1998, 3.2% and 3.3% in 1999, and 1.4% and 0.8% in 2000, respectively. Symptomatic dengue virus infection was responsible for 3.2%, 7.1%, and 1.1% of acute-illness school absences in 1998, 1999, and 2000, respectively. The early symptom complex of acute dengue virus infection is protean and difficult to distinguish from other causes of febrile childhood illnesses. The authors' results illustrate the spatial and temporal diversity of dengue virus infection and the burden of dengue disease in schoolchildren in Thailand, Their findings increase understanding of dengue virus transmission and disease severity in a well-defined cohort population and offer a study design in which to test the efficacy of potential dengue vaccines. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, US Army Med Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Communicable Dis Control, Div Gen Communicable Dis, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, Worcester, MA USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Endy, TP (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, 1425 Porter St,Bldg 1425, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI34533] NR 37 TC 200 Z9 213 U1 2 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 156 IS 1 BP 40 EP 51 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf005 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 569ED UT WOS:000176586900005 PM 12076887 ER PT J AU Endy, TP Nisalak, A Chunsuttiwat, S Libraty, DH Green, S Rothman, AL Vaughn, DW Ennis, FA AF Endy, TP Nisalak, A Chunsuttiwat, S Libraty, DH Green, S Rothman, AL Vaughn, DW Ennis, FA TI Spatial and temporal circulation of dengue virus serotypes: A prospective study of primary school children in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dengue hemorrhagic fever; dengue virus; disease attributes; epidemiologic factors; infection; serotyping ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; HEALTH PROBLEM; VACCINE; VOLUNTEERS; EPIDEMIC; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENESIS; INFECTIONS; PROTECTION AB Dengue virus occurs as four distinct serotypes, each of which causes epidemics throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Few studies have examined co-circulation of multiple dengue virus serotypes in a well-defined cohort population over time and their capacity to produce severe dengue disease. In this paper, the authors report the details and findings of the first 3 years (1998-2000) of an ongoing prospective study of dengue virus transmission and disease severity in a cohort of children in northern Thailand. A total of 108 dengue virus isolates were obtained from 167 acute dengue virus infections; 23% were DEN-1, 35% were DEN-2, 41% were DEN-3, and 1% were DEN-4. Despite the proximity of the schools, there was marked spatial and temporal clustering of transmission of each dengue serotype. Serotype-specific antibody levels prior to the dengue transmission season were not predictive of the incidence of dengue virus infections or the predominant serotype transmitted at individual schools. All dengue serotypes produced severe dengue illness, although DEN-3 produced more severe symptoms than the other dengue serotypes. The authors' findings emphasize the complexity of dengue serotype-specific virus transmission and severe dengue disease and have important implications for dengue control and vaccine development. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, US Army Med Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Communicable Dis Control, Div Gen Communicable Dis, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, Worcester, MA USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Endy, TP (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, 1425 Porter St,Bldg 1425, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI34533] NR 42 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 156 IS 1 BP 52 EP 59 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf006 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 569ED UT WOS:000176586900006 PM 12076888 ER PT J AU Seay, TM AF Seay, TM TI Buckshot embolism to the kidney SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Seay, TM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 179 IS 1 BP 279 EP 280 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 565GG UT WOS:000176361000059 PM 12076956 ER PT J AU Bottoni, CR Wilckens, JH DeBerardino, TM D'Alleyrand, JCG Rooney, RC Harpstrite, JK Arciero, RA AF Bottoni, CR Wilckens, JH DeBerardino, TM D'Alleyrand, JCG Rooney, RC Harpstrite, JK Arciero, RA TI A prospective, randomized evaluation of arthroscopic stabilization versus nonoperative treatment in patients with acute, traumatic, first-time shoulder dislocations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Meeting of the AOSSM CY JUN, 2000 CL SUN VALLEY, IDAHO SP AOSSM ID REPAIR; REHABILITATION; RECURRENCE; OUTCOMES; DEVICE AB Background: Nonoperative treatment of traumatic shoulder dislocations leads to a high rate of recurrent dislocations. Hypothesis: Early arthroscopic treatment for shoulder dislocation will result in a lower recurrence rate than nonoperative treatment. Study Design: Prospective, randomized clinical trial. Methods: Two groups of patients were studied to compare nonoperative treatment with arthroscopic Bankart repair for acute, traumatic shoulder dislocations in young athletes. Fourteen nonoperatively treated patients underwent 4 weeks of immobilization followed by a supervised rehabilitation program. Ten operatively treated patients underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair with a bioabsorbable tack followed by the same rehabilitation protocol as the nonoperatively treated patients. The average follow-up was 36 months. Results: Three patients were lost to follow-up. Twelve nonoperatively treated patients remained for follow-up. Nine of these (75%) developed recurrent instability. Six of the nine have required subsequent open Bankart repair for recurrent instability. Of the nine operatively treated patients available for follow-up, only one (11.1%) developed recurrent instability. Conclusions: Arthroscopic stabilization of traumatic, first-time anterior shoulder dislocations is an effective and safe treatment that significantly reduces the recurrence rate of shoulder dislocations in young athletes when compared with conventional, nonoperative treatment. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Sports Med Sect, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Bottoni, CR (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Sports Med Sect, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. OI DeBerardino, Thomas/0000-0002-7110-8743 NR 33 TC 138 Z9 141 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 30 IS 4 BP 576 EP 580 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 578HN UT WOS:000177111500018 PM 12130413 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, SC Stanley, EM Cox, ED DiMercurio, BS Koziol, DE Harlan, DM Kirk, AD Blair, PJ AF Hoffmann, SC Stanley, EM Cox, ED DiMercurio, BS Koziol, DE Harlan, DM Kirk, AD Blair, PJ TI Ethnicity greatly influences cytokine gene polymorphism distribution SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE allotransplantation; cytokines; polymorphisms renal ID KIDNEY-TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; RENAL-ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL; INTERLEUKIN-10 GENE; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; REJECTION; ASSOCIATION; EXPRESSION; BLACKS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION AB Polymorphisms in the regulatory regions of cytokine genes are associated with high and low cytokine production and may modulate the magnitude of alloimmune responses following transplantation. Ethnicity influences allograft half-life and the incidence of acute and chronic rejection. We have questioned whether ethnic-based differences in renal allograft survival could be due in part to inheritance of cytokine polymorphisms. To address that question, we studied the inheritance patterns for polymorphisms in several cytokine genes (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, and IFN-gamma) within an ethnically diverse study population comprised of 216 Whites, 58 Blacks, 25 Hispanics, and 31 Asians. Polymorphisms were determined by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length analysis. We found striking differences in the distribution of cytokine polymorphisms among ethnic populations. Specifically, significant differences existed between Blacks and both Whites and Asians in the distribution of the polymorphic alleles for IL-2. Blacks, Hispanics and Asians demonstrated marked differences in the inheritance of IL-6 alleles and IL-10 genotypes that result in high expression when compared with Whites. Those of Asian descent exhibited an increase in IFN-gamma genotypes that result in low expression as compared to Whites. In contrast, we did not find significant ethnic-based differences in the inheritance of polymorphic alleles for TNF-a. Our results show that the inheritance of certain cytokine gene polymorphisms is strongly associated with ethnicity. These differences may contribute to the apparent influence of ethnicity on allograft outcome. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, NIDDKD, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIH, Warren G Magnuson Clin Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Blair, PJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, NIDDKD, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 NR 47 TC 206 Z9 221 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 2 IS 6 BP 560 EP 567 DI 10.1034/j.1600-6143.2002.20611.x PG 8 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 568QF UT WOS:000176553200011 PM 12118901 ER PT J AU Ludwig, GV Calle, PP Mangiafico, JA Raphael, BL Danner, DK Hile, JA Clippinger, TL Smith, JF Cook, RA McNamara, T AF Ludwig, GV Calle, PP Mangiafico, JA Raphael, BL Danner, DK Hile, JA Clippinger, TL Smith, JF Cook, RA McNamara, T TI An outbreak of West Nile virus in a New York City captive wildlife population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SUSCEPTIBLE EUROPEAN RABBITS; VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS; MYXOMA VIRUS; FEVER; COEVOLUTION; ARBOVIRUSES; RESISTANT; INFECTION; MOSQUITOS; EPIDEMIC AB An outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) in and around New York City during the late summer of 1999 was the cause of extensive mortality among free-ranging birds. Within the Bronx Zoo/Wildlife Conservation Park, viral activity was also observed and produced some morbidity and mortality among specimens in the zoo's bird collection and probably caused morbidity in at least one specimen from the zoo's mammal collection. To determine the extent of the outbreak and attempt to ascertain the temporal appearance of virus within the park, a serologic survey of birds and mammals was performed. The survey showed that 34% of tested birds (125 of 368; 124 species) were positive for antibody to WNV. The virus caused a disease to infection ratio of 22% (27 of 125) among birds with a 70% (19 of 27) case fatality rate. In contrast, only 8% of the mammals (9 of 117; 35 species) possessed antibody to WNV and there was no virus-associated mortality. Testing of banked and fresh sera obtained from both birds and mammals revealed that there was no evidence of WNV circulation before the 1999 outbreak and that birds introduced into the park were not the source of the New York outbreak. West Nile virus RNA was detected in tissues from one bird that died in February 2000, long after the end of the mosquito transmission season. The potential importance of zoologic parks as possible sentinels for emerging diseases is discussed. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. RP Ludwig, GV (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, 1425 Porter St,Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 31 TC 50 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 67 IS 1 BP 67 EP 75 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 594UN UT WOS:000178069600012 PM 12363067 ER PT J AU Mangiafico, JA Rossi, CA Ludwig, GV AF Mangiafico, JA Rossi, CA Ludwig, GV TI Short report: Isolation and identification of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus from a human in Panama SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus was isolated from a febrile human in Panama. The patient became febrile approximately 10 days after returning from Gatun Lake in Panama. The virus was isolated from the acute phase serum and identified as VEE, subtype ID virus by monoclonal antibodies, and was confirmed by cross plaque-reduction neutralization tests. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Mangiafico, JA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, 1425 Porter St,Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 67 IS 1 BP 112 EP 113 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 594UN UT WOS:000178069600018 PM 12363053 ER PT J AU Bray, M Raymond, JL Geisbert, T Baker, RO AF Bray, M Raymond, JL Geisbert, T Baker, RO TI 3-deazaneplanocin A induces massively increased interferon-alpha production in Ebola virus-infected mice SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ebola virus; filovirus; antiviral therapy; S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase; interferon-alpha ID L-HOMOCYSTEINE HYDROLASE; S-ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE; ADENOSINE-ANALOGS; ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; INHIBITOR; ACTIVATION AB 3-Deazaneplanocin A, an analog of adenosine, is a potent inhibitor of Ebola virus replication. A single dose early in infection prevents illness and death in Ebola virus-infected mice. The ability of this and similar compounds to block both RNA and DNA viruses has been attributed to the inhibition of a cellular enzyme, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAH), indirectly resulting in reduced methylation of the 5' cap of viral messenger RNA. However, we found that the protective effect of the drug resulted from massively increased production of interferon-alpha in Ebola-infected, but not uninfected mice. Peak interferon levels increased with the extent of disease at the time of treatment, indicating that production was boosted only in virus-infected cells. Ebola virus has been shown to suppress innate antiviral mechanisms of the type I interferon response. 3-Deazaneplanocin A appears to reverse such suppression, restricting viral dissemination. Further development should focus on identifying adenosine analogues that produce a similar effect in Ebola virus-infected primates. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Dept Viral Therapeut, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bray, M (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Dept Viral Therapeut, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 28 TC 68 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 55 IS 1 BP 151 EP 159 AR PII S0166-3542(02)00018-9 DI 10.1016/S0166-3542(02)00018-9 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 572GV UT WOS:000176766500013 PM 12076759 ER PT J AU Fillman, EP Perry, WB Cina, SJ AF Fillman, EP Perry, WB Cina, SJ TI Pathologic quiz case - A colonic mass in a 53-year-old woman SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ENDOMETRIOSIS C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Fillman, EP (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 126 IS 7 BP 867 EP 868 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 573UM UT WOS:000176849900020 PM 12125648 ER PT J AU Lashlee, D Briuer, F Murphy, W McDonald, EV AF Lashlee, D Briuer, F Murphy, W McDonald, EV TI Geomorphic mapping enhances cultural resource management at the US Army Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona, USA SO ARID LAND RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE archaeology; geographic information systems; GIS; geomorphic surfaces; remote sensing; soils geomorphology AB Provisions of the National Historical Preservation Act of 1966, particularly Section 106 of that Act, require the Yuma Proving Ground (YPG) to conduct archaeological surveys and assess cultural resources to evaluate potential effects of planned military testing activities oil those cultural resources considered eligible or potentially eligible,for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. Landscape reconstruction was performed using aerial photography and satellite image interpretations, ground verification including detailed soils geomorphology descriptions, and archaeological surveys. Geographic Information System overlay analyses were used to determine the preferential distribution of cultural resources in tire study area. A last majority of the 40 mapped cultural sites are located on Pleistocene age geomorphic surfaces. Few sites occurred on Holocene age surfaces. Spatial relationships between geomorphology and archaeology were supported by chi-square statistical tests, rejecting tire hypothesis that culture is evenly distributed across the landscape as a function of the size of geomorphic surfaces comprising it. Nintey-two percent of cultural resources designated eligible the National Register of Historic Places occur on Pleistocene age geomorphic surfaces. Results of this interdisciplinary study suggest that both differential preservation of geomorphic surfaces and human behavior act together to explain the spatial distribution of cultural resources at YPG. C1 USA, Yuma Proving Ground, CSTE DTC YP YT ED, Div Engn, Yuma, AZ 85365 USA. Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. RP Lashlee, D (reprint author), USA, Yuma Proving Ground, CSTE DTC YP YT ED, Div Engn, Yuma, AZ 85365 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-4982 J9 ARID LAND RES MANAG JI Arid Land Res. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 213 EP 229 DI 10.1080/15324980290000359 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 575WL UT WOS:000176971400002 ER PT J AU Tazik, DJ Martin, CO AF Tazik, DJ Martin, CO TI Threatened and endangered species on US Department of Defense Lands in the arid west, USA SO ARID LAND RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE desert wildlife; land management; military lands; species conservation ID UNITED-STATES; RESPONSES AB Department of Defense (DOD) lands in the arid western United States provide important habitat for many, threatened and endangered species (TES). We explore the status of these species and evaluate threats to their survival and recovery. Thirty-two military sites located in tire Chihuahuan, Sonoran, Mojave, and Great Basin deserts collectively support 34 listed and candidate species and one delisted species. We assess the relationship between the status of these species and land degradation by categorizing species according to major habitat type and enumerating the major threats to their survival and recovery. Habitat loss and degradation due to increasing human activities throughout the region arc the most significant factors is affecting these species. Urban and suburban development, agricultural conversion, and over-grazing are most important among Arid Grassland/Desert Scrub species, while hydrologic alternation is notable among Riparian and Aquatic species. Nonnative species impact TES through habitat modification, as well as direct predation and competion. Specific consecration issues are discussed for selected species. While military disturbances hare the potential to impact many of these species, poor water-shed management practices of the past and the influx of humans are primarily responsible for the current status of TES and the ecosystems upon which they depend. Their continued survival and recovery requires coordinated conservation activities at the regional level. C1 USA, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Tazik, DJ (reprint author), USA, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-4982 J9 ARID LAND RES MANAG JI Arid Land Res. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 259 EP 276 DI 10.1080/15324980290000386 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 575WL UT WOS:000176971400005 ER PT J AU Kwatny, HG Teolis, C Mattice, M AF Kwatny, HG Teolis, C Mattice, M TI Variable structure control of systems with uncertain nonlinear friction SO AUTOMATICA LA English DT Article DE friction compensation; variable structure control; discontinuous nonlinearities; norm-bounded uncertainty; backstepping ID DESIGN AB A new approach to control system design for systems containing sandwiched, uncertain, non-smooth friction is proposed. The method is based on a multi-state backstepping approach to variable structure control design. Stability and robustness properties are investigated and examples are given. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Technosci Incorporated, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. USA, Adv Drives & Weapon Stabilizat Lab, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Kwatny, HG (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 9 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0005-1098 J9 AUTOMATICA JI Automatica PD JUL PY 2002 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1251 EP 1256 AR PII S0005-1098(02)00011-0 DI 10.1016/S0005-1098(02)00011-0 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 565JR UT WOS:000176366800020 ER PT J AU Cadarette, BS Levine, L Kolka, MA Proulx, GN Correa, MM Sawka, MN AF Cadarette, BS Levine, L Kolka, MA Proulx, GN Correa, MM Sawka, MN TI Heat strain reduction by ice-based and vapor compression liquid cooling systems with a toxic agent protective uniform SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE protective clothing; toxic environment; heat stress; human physiology; cooling ID ACCEPTABILITY; EXERCISE; DEVICES AB Background: The purpose of this study was to compare a vapor compression microclimate cooling system (MCC) and a personal ice cooling system (PIC) for their effectiveness in reducing physiological strain when used with cooling garments worn under the impermeable self-contained toxic environment protective outfit (STEPO). A second comparison was done between the use of total body (TOTAL) and hooded shirt-only (SHIRT) cooling garments with both the MCC and PIC systems. it was hypothesized that the cooling systems would be equally effective, and total body cooling would allow 4 h of physical work in the heat while wearing STEPO. Methods: Eight subjects (six men, two women) attempted four experiments at 38degreesC (100degreesF), 30% rh, 0.9 m sect wind, while wearing the STEPO. Subjects attempted 4 h of treadmill walking (rest/exercise cycles of 10/20 min) at a time-weighted metabolic rate of 303 +/- 50 W. Results: Exposure time was not different between MCC and PIC, but exposure time was greater with TOTAL (131 +/- 66 min) than with SHIRT (83 +/- 27 min) for both cooling systems (p < 0.05). Cooling rate was not different between MCC and PIC, but cooling rate while wearing TOTAL (362 +/- 52 W) was greater than with SHIRT (281 +/- 48 W) (p < 0.05). Average heat storage was lower with MCC (39 +/- 20 W . m(-2)) than with PIC (50 +/- 17 W . m(-2)) in both TOTAL and SHIRT (p < 0.05). Also, average heat storage while wearing TOTAL (34 +/- 19 W. m(-2)) was less than with SHIRT (55 +/- 13 W. m(-2)) for both cooling systems (p < 0.05). The Physiological Strain Index (PSI) was lower in MCC-TOTAL (2.4) than MCC-SHIRT (3.7), PIC-SHIRT (3.8), and PIC-TOTAL (33) after 45 min of heat exposure (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Total body circulating liquid cooling was more effective than shirt-only cooling under the impermeable STEPO uniform, providing a greater cooling rate, allowing longer exposure time, and reducing the rate of heat storage. The MCC and PIC systems were equally effective during heat exposure, but neither system could extend exposure for the 4 h targeted time. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Cadarette, BS (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 73 IS 7 BP 665 EP 672 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 568BP UT WOS:000176522800007 PM 12137102 ER PT J AU Santee, WR AF Santee, WR TI Windchill Index and military applications SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE windchill; cold weather; thermal indices; modeling ID WIND CHILL; COLD INJURY; ENVIRONMENT; TEMPERATURE; RISK AB A new Windchill Apparent Temperature (WCT) has been introduced to replace the Windchill Index (WCI) and Windchill Equivalent Temperature (WCET) used to quantify cold exposure. From the time of its introduction the WCI has been criticized on scientific grounds. Despite a history of criticism, the WCI and the derived WCET have been adopted by military and civilian organizations to characterize the hazards presented by exposure to cold environments. However, the military has specific needs that differ from those of the civilian population. Thus, additional weather products and devices, including thermoregulatory models, environmental monitors, and personal physiological status monitors, are available to supplement the revised WCT. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Biophys & Biomed Modeling Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Santee, WR (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Biophys & Biomed Modeling Div, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 73 IS 7 BP 699 EP 702 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 568BP UT WOS:000176522800014 PM 12137109 ER PT J AU Doyle, RD Grodowitz, M Smart, RM Owens, C AF Doyle, RD Grodowitz, M Smart, RM Owens, C TI Impact of herbivory by Hydrellia pakistanae (Diptera : Ephydridae) on growth and photosynthetic potential of Hydrilla verticillata SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Hydrilla verticillata; Hydrellia pakistanae; insect herbivory; biocontrol; photosynthesis; aquatic weed; invasive species; aquatic plant management ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; UNITED-STATES; HYDROCHARITACEAE; AGENT; ESTABLISHMENT AB The impacts of varying levels of herbivory by Hydrellia pakistanae on the dioecious ecotype of Hydrilla verticillata were evaluated by conducting a 10-week growth experiment within mesocosm tanks. The observed leaf damage to H. verticillata stems was highly correlated with the total number of immature H. pakistanae in H. verticillata tissue at the time of harvest (P < 0.001, R-2 > 0.80). Increasing levels of insect herbivory significantly impacted biomass and growth morphology of H. verticillata. Relative to control tanks, plants under intermediate or high levels of herbivory produced progressively less biomass. Insect herbivory also significantly impacted investment of energy in sexual and asexual reproduction. Plants under an intermediate or high level of herbivory produced fewer than 15% of the number of pistillate flowers produced by plants in control tanks. Furthermore, plants subject to high insect herbivory produced fewer and smaller tubers than control tanks. Finally, herbivory had a strong impact on the photosynthetic potential of stems. With 10-30% leaf damage, the maximum rate of light-saturated photosynthesis was reduced 30-40% relative to undamaged controls. Total daily photosynthetic production in these stems was estimated to balance, just barely, the daily respiratory needs of stems. Photosynthetic rate was reduced by about 60%. in stems showing 70-90% leaf damage. This level of photosynthetic reduction would make continued survival of the plants unlikely since they would be unable to meet daily respiratory demands. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. USA, Eng Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Lewisville Aquat Exosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. ASI, Lewisville Aquatic Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. RP Doyle, RD (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, POB 97388, Waco, TX 76798 USA. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 2002 VL 24 IS 3 BP 221 EP 229 AR PII S0149-9644(02)00024-5 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(02)00024-5 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 567ZM UT WOS:000176518000003 ER PT J AU Douglas, TA Layer, PW Newberry, RJ Keskinen, MJ AF Douglas, TA Layer, PW Newberry, RJ Keskinen, MJ TI Geochronologic and thermobarometric constraints on the metamorphic history of the Fairbanks Mining District, western Yukon-Tanana terrane, Alaska SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EAST-CENTRAL ALASKA; TESLIN SUTURE ZONE; NORTH-AMERICA; KINEMATIC EVOLUTION; GARNET; BIOTITE; MARGIN; FE; MG; SUBDUCTION AB This study presents new petrologic and thermochronologic information from the Fairbanks district of east central Alaska that indicate a complex metamorphic and structural history for the western Yukon-Tanana terrane. Garnet-biotite and garnet-pyroxene thermometry and jadeite barometry yield prograde temperatures and pressures for the Chatanika eclogite (523degreesC, 14-15 kbar (1 kbar = 100 MPa)). Cooling from peak eclogitization is estimated from Ar-40/Ar-39 single grain geochronology at similar to210-180 Ma. Secondary white mica ages of 140-115 Ma along the fault contact between eclogite and underlying lower amphibolite-facies rocks constrain the age of the event that placed the Chatanika eclogite over the Fairbanks schist. Based on observations from field mapping and diamond drill samples, we interpret this structural contact as a thrust fault. Garnet-biotite mineral pairs are reset by as much as 200degreesC within this fault zone. Biotite and white mica ages of similar to100-110 Ma, combined with Jurassic amphibole ages in Fairbanks schist samples, indicate the Fairbanks schist and Chatanika eclogite cooled through biotite and white mica argon closure temperatures in the early Cretaceous. Intrusion of mid-Cretaceous, calc-alkalic, gold-related granitic plutons in the Fairbanks district are evidenced by loss of radiogenic argon in many of the Ar-40/Ar-39 age fractions. Eocene basalt is visible in six widely separated localities within the eastern part of the Fairbanks district. However, the pervasiveness of a 50 Ma resetting event in samples as far as 30 km from present day basalt localities indicates the Eocene flows were either deposited throughout the Fairbanks area or are associated with large plutons at depth. C1 Univ Alaska, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. RP Douglas, TA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, POB 35170, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. RI Layer, Paul/F-5465-2010 NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1107 EP 1126 DI 10.1139/E02-024 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 589YJ UT WOS:000177788900006 ER PT J AU Beyer, FL Tan, NCB Dasgupta, A Galvin, ME AF Beyer, FL Tan, NCB Dasgupta, A Galvin, ME TI Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites from model surfactants SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID POLYPROPYLENE-CLAY HYBRIDS; NYLON 6-CLAY HYBRID; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MELT INTERCALATION; EMULSION POLYMERIZATION; ORGANOPHILIC CLAY; POLYSTYRENE AB A series of experiments has been designed and conducted to test a recent model for the morphological behavior of polymer-layered silicate (PLS) nanocomposites, where a PLS nanocomposite is composed of a homopolymer matrix, a layered silicate clay mineral filler, and an organic surfactant modifier. For nearly complete exchange of naturally occurring interlayer cations with model surfactants synthesized for this study, the effect of surfactant length on the morphology of polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites has been examined. Here, the surfactant and matrix homopolymer are both based on polystyrene (PS) and are, therefore, expected to be miscible. Small-angle X-ray scattering data show that no intercalation of the homopolymer into the modified layered silicate occurs. This finding is consistent with results for autophobic dewetting such as occurs with densely grafted polymer brushes, based on high surfactant coverages within the layered silicate galleries. C1 USA, Res Lab, Polymers Res Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Spencer Lab 301, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Beyer, FL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Polymers Res Branch, Bldg 4600, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 30 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 14 IS 7 BP 2983 EP 2988 DI 10.1021/cm011639k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 575CQ UT WOS:000176929000028 ER PT J AU Shorr, AF Kollef, MH AF Shorr, AF Kollef, MH TI The quick and the dead - The importance of rapid evaluation of infiltrates in the immunocompromised patient SO CHEST LA English DT Editorial Material ID VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA; STEM-CELL TRANSPLANTATION; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; FIBEROPTIC BRONCHOSCOPY; MECHANICAL VENTILATION; NEUTROPENIC PATIENTS; MARROW TRANSPLANT; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; CANCER-PATIENTS; SOLID-ORGAN C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm Clin, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Barnes Jewish Hosp, MICU, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Shorr, AF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm Clin, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD JUL PY 2002 VL 122 IS 1 BP 9 EP 12 DI 10.1378/chest.122.1.9 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 575CG UT WOS:000176927900006 PM 12114331 ER PT J AU Shorr, AF Davies, DB Nathan, SD AF Shorr, AF Davies, DB Nathan, SD TI Outcomes for patients with sarcoidosis awaiting lung transplantation SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; lung transplantation; pulmonary hypertension; sarcoidosis ID STAGE PULMONARY SARCOIDOSIS AB Study objectives: To describe the population of patients with sarcoidosis listed for orthotopic lung transplantation (OLT) in the United States, and to determine outcomes for these subjects relative to persons awaiting OLT for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Design: Retrospective analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing transplant database over the period between January 1995 and December 2000. Patients: All patients listed for OLT with an underlying diagnosis of either sarcoidosis or IPF. Measurements and results: During the study period, 427 patients with sarcoidosis and 2,115 patients with IPF were registered on the list for OLT. Demographically, the patients with sarcoidosis were younger and more likely to be female African Americans than were patients with IPF. Pulmonary function was worse in patients with sarcoidosis. The mean FVC was 42.6% of predicted, as compared to 45.0% of predicted in patients with IPF (p = 0.0044). The FEV1 also differed between the populations (36.0% vs 46.0% of predicted for patients with sarcoidosis and IPF, respectively, p < 0.0001). Only 30.1% of patients with sarcoidosis and 32.4% of patients with IPF lacked functional limitations. For the subset of patients with hemodynamic data available, the mean pulmonary artery pressure was significantly higher in the sarcoidosis population (34.4 mm Hg vs 25.6 mm Hg, respectively; p < 0.0001). Neither the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure nor the cardiac index differed between the groups. Patients with sarcoidosis were less likely to receive a transplant. Approximately 30% of patients with sarcoidosis underwent OLT, compared to 37.3% of IPF patients (p = 0.0102). For those who did undergo transplantation, the median wait until OLT was 803 days for patients with sarcoidosis compared to 555 days for patients with IPF (p < 0.0001). Mortality rates were similar in both groups. In the sarcoidosis group, 28.1% of patients died, compared to 31.1% of patients with IPF (p = not significant). Conclusions: Patients with sarcoidosis are at as high a risk for mortality as patients with IPF while awaiting transplantation. Nonetheless, patients with sarcoidosis are less likely to undergo OLT. Pulmonary hypertension is a major concern in patients with advanced sarcoidosis awaiting transplantation. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. United Network Organ Sharing, Div Stat, Richmond, VA USA. Inova Fairfax Transplant Ctr, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Shorr, AF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 18 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD JUL PY 2002 VL 122 IS 1 BP 233 EP 238 DI 10.1378/chest.122.1.233 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 575CG UT WOS:000176927900038 PM 12114364 ER PT J AU Schiffman, JM Luchies, CW Richards, LG Zebas, CJ AF Schiffman, JM Luchies, CW Richards, LG Zebas, CJ TI The effects of age and feedback on isometric knee extensor force control abilities SO CLINICAL BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE aging; feedback; isometric; force control; knee extensor ID OLDER ADULTS; GRIP FORCE; STEADINESS; INDIVIDUALS; FINGERS; MUSCLE; TASK; SET AB Objective. To investigate the effects of age and feedback on submaximal isometric force control abilities. in the knee extensors. Design. Analysis of a force control task in a quasi-experimental design, Background. The ability to control submaximal strength is important to accomplish activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of age, feedback. and force level on force control ability in knee extension, which is often used to accomplish daily activities. Methods. The performance of an isometric force control task, US measured in young (mean age 26. SD 2.7 yrs) and older (mean age 72, SD 2.0 yrs) adult healthy male participants. Each participant maintained a steady force in knee extension at two levels of force (20% and 60% MVC) with and without visual bandwidth feedback. Age, force level, and feedback effects ere examined on the dependent variables of force variability. bias. and time in bandwidth. Results. Both groups were fairly accurate at accomplishing the task, particularly at the lower force level, The higher force was harder to control. particularly when feedback was absent. The absence or feedback did not affect variability during force control. Older adults performed with less variability and a higher safety margin. Both groups performed better in time spent in bandwidth and safety margin with visual Feedback. compared to the no-feedback condition. Conclusions. Healthy older and younger adults performed quite similarly regardless of feedback being provided or not. The intermittent feedback condition may have been more closely aligned with a no feedback condition rather than a continuous feedback condition. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Mech Engn, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Occupat Therapy Educ, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Hlth Sport & Exercise Sci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Luchies, CW (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Mech Engn, 3013 Learned Hall, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-0033 J9 CLIN BIOMECH JI Clin. Biomech. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 17 IS 6 BP 486 EP 493 AR PII S0268-0033(02)00041-4 DI 10.1016/S0268-0033(02)00041-4 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Engineering; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 583MM UT WOS:000177411700009 PM 12135551 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC Hypolite, IO Agodoa, LY AF Abbott, KC Hypolite, IO Agodoa, LY TI Sickle cell nephropathy at end-stage renal disease in the United States: patient characteristics and survival SO CLINICAL NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; TRANSPLANTATION; MORTALITY; FAILURE; DEATH AB Background: The patient characteristics, including age at presentation to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and mortality associated with sickle cell nephropathy (SCN) have not been characterized for a national sample of patients. Methods: 375,152 patients in the United States Renal Data System were initiated on ESRD therapy between January 1, 1992 and June 30, 1997 and analyzed in an historical cohort study of SCN. Results: Of the study population, 397 (0.11%) had SCN, of whom 93% were African-American. The mean age at presentation to ESRD was 40.68 +/- 14.00 years. SCN patients also had an independently increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio 1.52, 95% CI: 1.27-1.82) even after adjustment for placement on the renal transplant waiting list, diabetes, hematocrit, creatinine, and body mass index. However, when receipt of renal transplantation was also included in the model, SCN was no longer significant (p = 0.51, HR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.82-1.48). SCN patients were much less likely to be placed on the renal transplant waiting list or receive renal transplants in comparison to age and race matched controls, and results of survival analysis were similar in this model. Conclusions: SCN patients were much less likely to be listed for or receive renal transplantation than other comparable patients with ESRD. SCN patients were at independently increased of mortality compared with other patients with ESRD, including those with diabetes, but this increased risk did not persist when models adjusted for their low rates of renal transplantation. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NIDDK, Off Minor Hlth Res Coordinat, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 16 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU DUSTRI-VERLAG DR KARL FEISTLE PI OBERHACHING PA BAJUWARENRING 4, D-82041 OBERHACHING, GERMANY SN 0301-0430 J9 CLIN NEPHROL JI Clin. Nephrol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 58 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 570TX UT WOS:000176675100002 PM 12141416 ER PT J AU Cieslak, TJ Talbot, TB Hartstein, BH AF Cieslak, TJ Talbot, TB Hartstein, BH TI Biological warfare and the skin I: Bacteria and toxins SO CLINICS IN DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH MANAGEMENT; ANTHRAX; AGENTS; WEAPON; EXPERIENCE; TULAREMIA; OUTBREAK C1 San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Cieslak, TJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0738-081X J9 CLIN DERMATOL JI Clin. Dermatol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 20 IS 4 BP 346 EP 354 AR PII S0738-081X(02)00254-7 DI 10.1016/S0738-081X(02)00254-7 PG 9 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 590CH UT WOS:000177799600006 PM 12208622 ER PT J AU Cieslak, TJ Christopher, GW Ottolini, MG AF Cieslak, TJ Christopher, GW Ottolini, MG TI Biological warfare and the skin II: Viruses SO CLINICS IN DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID A H5N1 VIRUS; INFLUENZA-A; SMALLPOX; AGENTS; CHILD C1 San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Cieslak, TJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0738-081X J9 CLIN DERMATOL JI Clin. Dermatol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 20 IS 4 BP 355 EP 364 AR PII S0738-081X(02)00255-9 DI 10.1016/S0738-081X(02)00255-9 PG 10 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 590CH UT WOS:000177799600007 PM 12208623 ER PT J AU Krueger, R Paris, IL O'Brien, TK Minguet, PJ AF Krueger, R Paris, IL O'Brien, TK Minguet, PJ TI Comparison of 2D finite element modeling assumptions with results from 3D analysis for composite skin-stiffener debonding SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Composite Structures (ICCS 11) CY NOV 19-21, 2001 CL MONASH UNIV, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA HO MONASH UNIV AB The influence of two-dimensional finite element modeling assumptions on the debonding prediction for skin-stiffener specimens was investigated. Geometrically nonlinear finite element analyses using two-dimensional plane-stress and plane-strain elements as well as three different generalized plane-strain type approaches were performed. The computed skin and flange strains. transverse tensile stresses and energy release rates were compared to results obtained from three-dimensional simulations. The study showed that for strains and energy release rate computations the generalized plane-strain assumptions yielded results closest to the full three-dimensional analysis. For computed transverse tensile stresses the plane-stress assumption gave the best agreement. Based on this study it is recommended that results from plane-stress and plane-strain models be used as upper and lower bounds. The results from generalized plane-strain models fall between the results obtained from plane-stress and plane-strain models. Two-dimensional models may also be used to qualitatively evaluate the stress distribution in a ply and the variation of energy release rates and mixed mode ratios with delamination length. For more accurate predictions, however, a three-dimensional analysis is required. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USA, Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Natl Res Council, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, ICASE, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP O'Brien, TK (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USA, Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Directorate, Mail Stop 188E, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RI Krueger, Ronald/G-5356-2015 NR 17 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD JUL-SEP PY 2002 VL 57 IS 1-4 BP 161 EP 168 AR PII S0263-8223(02)00079-X DI 10.1016/S0263-8223(02)00079-X PG 8 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 596AZ UT WOS:000178142700019 ER PT J AU Shires, DR Green, W Walsh, S AF Shires, DR Green, W Walsh, S TI Designing, controlling, and visualizing composite material manufacturing SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, ARL, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate,High Performa, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. USA, ARL, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Shires, DR (reprint author), USA, ARL, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate,High Performa, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RI Penner, Viktoriya/E-1333-2014 OI Penner, Viktoriya/0000-0003-4537-8835 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 4 IS 4 BP 86 EP 91 DI 10.1109/MCISE.2002.1014987 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 567KF UT WOS:000176483400015 ER PT J AU Ward, JA Hilliard, JK AF Ward, JA Hilliard, JK TI Herpes B virus-specific pathogen-free breeding colonies of macaques: Serologic test results and the B-virus status of the macaque SO CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MACACA-MULATTA; SIMPLEX; SIMIAE; PCR AB The demand by the biomedical research community for B virus-free macaques is growing. The availability of B virus-free macaques has never been greater but still falls short of the current demand. Providing resources depends on the definitions of a specific pathogen-free (SPF) macaque, a B virus-free macaque, and a serologically negative macaque. Many colony managers define a B virus-free macaque in light of the serologic status of the breeding colony, because virus identification is a more complex issue. The lack of a standardized definition of a B virus-free macaque is compounded by the fact that all assays inherently result in some false antibody-positive or -negative data, and reconciliation is equivocal. Long-term follow-up of a colony in which elimination of B virus is actively being attempted will necessarily result in a relatively small sample within the population being incorrectly categorized with regard to antibody status. The goal of this study was to determine whether serially collected serologic data demonstrated patterns that could be used to predict whether an animal was genuinely in the process of B virus antibody seroconversion. The best indication of seroconversion was an ELISA titer of > 1:500 or a positive result on a confirmatory test. Patterns of seroreactivity are more useful in identifying B virus-positive macaques during the screening phase of SPF colony development than during the maintenance phase. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Ward, JA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P40 RR05162, P40 RR05062] NR 14 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1060-0558 J9 CONTEMP TOP LAB ANIM JI Contemp. Top. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 41 IS 4 BP 36 EP 41 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 579RN UT WOS:000177191800006 PM 12109895 ER PT J AU Rance, BR Elston, DM AF Rance, BR Elston, DM TI Disseminated coccidioidomyclosis discovered during routine skin cancer screening SO CUTIS LA English DT Article AB A 78-year-old white man presented for routine dermatologic examination. A 4x4-mm erythematous papule was noted on the left upper back. It was asymptomatic and previously unnoticed by the patient. The results of a shave biopsy revealed a large spherule with granular cytoplasm diagnostic of coccidioidomycosis. Chest x-ray revealed a 1.8-cm right upper lobe mass. The complement fixation antibody titer for cocci was 1:128. The patient was treated for disseminated coccidioidomycosis with oral fluconazole. The epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of coccidioidomycosis are discussed. C1 San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Rance, BR (reprint author), USAR, Ehrling Berquist Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Offutt AFB, NE USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JUL PY 2002 VL 70 IS 1 BP 70 EP 72 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 582GK UT WOS:000177341300011 PM 12184677 ER PT J AU Jiang, RZ Chu, DR AF Jiang, RZ Chu, DR TI CO2 crossover through a Nafion membrane in a direct methanol fuel cell SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLYMER-ELECTROLYTE; PERFORMANCE; ELECTROREDUCTION; OXIDATION; TRANSPORT; PROTON AB The phenomenon of CO2 crossover from the anode to the cathode through a Nafion 117 membrane was confirmed by external addition and electrochemical generation of CO2 in the anode fluid and examination of the amount of CO2 in the cathode exhaust. The CO2 crossover rate for a single direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) during operation was determined using a methanol-tolerant cathode catalyst to avoid the direct oxidation of methanol at the cathode electrode. The method of measuring CO2 crossover was suggested to be used for the correction of the experimental deviation for the measurement of methanol crossover in a DMFC. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devises Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Jiang, RZ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devises Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 20 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 5 IS 7 BP A156 EP A159 DI 10.1149/1.1480136 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 557WQ UT WOS:000175932300004 ER PT J AU Sirisanthana, T Brown, AE AF Sirisanthana, T Brown, AE TI Anthrax of the gastrointestinal tract SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ORAL-OROPHARYNGEAL ANTHRAX; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; OUTBREAK AB When swallowed, anthrax spores may cause lesions from the oral cavity to the cecum. Gastrointestinal anthrax is greatly underreported in rural disease-endemic areas of the world. The apparent paucity of this form of anthrax reflects the lack of facilities able to make the diagnosis in these areas. The spectrum of disease, ranging from subclinical infection to death, has not been fully recognized. In some community-based studies, cases of gastrointestinal anthrax outnumbered those of cutaneous anthrax. The oropharyngeal variant, in particular, is unfamiliar to most physicians. The clinical features of oropharyngeal anthrax include fever and toxemia, inflammatory lesion(s) in the oral cavity or oropharynx, enlargement of cervical lymph nodes associated with edema of the soft tissue of the cervical area, and a high case-fatality rate. Awareness of gastrointestinal anthrax in a differential diagnosis remains important in anthrax-endemic areas but now also in settings of possible bioterrorism. C1 Chiang Mai Univ, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Brown, AE (reprint author), AFRIMS, APO, AP 96546 USA. NR 33 TC 51 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 7 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2002 VL 8 IS 7 BP 649 EP 651 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 565XE UT WOS:000176394200001 PM 12095428 ER PT J AU Rahman, M Rahman, K Siddque, AK Shoma, S Kamal, AHM Ali, KS Nisaluk, A Breiman, RF AF Rahman, M Rahman, K Siddque, AK Shoma, S Kamal, AHM Ali, KS Nisaluk, A Breiman, RF TI First outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever, Bangladesh SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 B Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, ICDDR B, Div Sci Lab, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Holy Family Hosp, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Rahman, M (reprint author), B Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, ICDDR B, Div Sci Lab, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. EM mahbubur@icddrb.org NR 11 TC 50 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 3 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2002 VL 8 IS 7 BP 738 EP 740 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 565XE UT WOS:000176394200020 PM 12095447 ER PT J AU LeDuc, JW Damon, I Meegan, JM Relman, DA Huggins, J Jahrling, PB AF LeDuc, JW Damon, I Meegan, JM Relman, DA Huggins, J Jahrling, PB TI Smallpox research activities: US Interagency collaboration, 2001 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP LeDuc, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 9 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2002 VL 8 IS 7 BP 743 EP 745 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 565XE UT WOS:000176394200022 PM 12095449 ER PT J AU Krinitzsky, EL AF Krinitzsky, EL TI How to obtain earthquake ground motions for engineering design SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE earthquakes; seismic ground motions; seismic hazard; seismic probability; critical structures; noncritical structures; maximum credible earthquakes; maximum design earthquakes; operating basis earthquakes; triple integration; deaggregation ID SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS; PROBABILITY; RECURRENCE AB The earthquake ground motions that ultimately are selected for engineering design depend chiefly on the criticality of a site or structure and the engineering analyses that are to be performed, Several key steps are necessary in this selection process: They are (1) a reconnaissance to understand the hazards and obtain preliminary earthquake ground motions; (2) decisions on the application of deterministic or probabilistic methods; (3) selection of appropriate motions for requirements in design; (4) consideration of thresholds at which motions become significant for engineering; and (5) decisions on specifying appropriate earthquake ground motions for sizes of earthquakes, distances from sources, the structures, sites, and testing to be done. This paper presents five tables that show steps for evaluating these factors and for enabling the investigator to specify earthquake ground motions appropriate for engineering design. Published by Elsevier Science BY. C1 Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Waterways Expt Stn, Geotech & Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Krinitzsky, EL (reprint author), Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Waterways Expt Stn, Geotech & Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 25 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 AR PII S0013-7952(01)00098-9 DI 10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00098-9 PG 16 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 558XG UT WOS:000175992500001 ER PT J AU Pearcy, MT AF Pearcy, MT TI Transforming New Orleans and its environs: Centuries of change. SO ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Corps Engineers, St Paul, MN USA. Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Pearcy, MT (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, St Paul, MN USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY PI DURHAM PA 701 VICKERS AVE, DURHAM, NC 27701-3147 USA SN 1084-5453 J9 ENVIRON HIST JI Environ. Hist. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 7 IS 3 BP 519 EP 520 DI 10.2307/3985928 PG 2 WC Environmental Studies; History SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History GA 587KL UT WOS:000177639400014 ER PT J AU Oh, SY Cha, DK Kim, BJ Chiu, PC AF Oh, SY Cha, DK Kim, BJ Chiu, PC TI Effect of adsorption to elemental iron on the transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine in solution SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE adsorption; reduction; 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine; elemental iron ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; METALLIC IRON; AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; FENTON OXIDATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; GRANULAR IRON; WATER SYSTEM; REDUCTION; SOIL; RDX AB The effect of adsorption to elemental iron on the reductive transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1.3.5-trinitro-1.3,5-triazine (royal demolition explosive [RDX]) in aqueous solution Was Studied with scrap iron and high-purity iron. In batch experiments with the same total iron surface area and a mixing rate of 100 rpm. TNT and RDX were removed from the solution within 30 min, With high-purity iron, adsorbed TNT was reduced to 2,4.6-triaminotoluene (TAT) rapidly, with little accumulation of intermediates at the Surface. With scrap iron. the extent of adsorption of TNT and its daughter products was more significant and reduction of these adsorbed molecules to TAT was slower. Distribution of the intermediates indicated that the reaction with scrap iron Occurred primarily through reduction of the ortho nitro group. Kinetic analysis suggests that mass transfer or adsorption of TNT controlled the overall rate of TNT reduction to TAT with pure iron, whereas with scrap iron. the rate of TAT formation was probably limited by other processes. Compared to TNT. transformation of adsorbed RDX was more rapid and less affected by iron type. The RDX was reduced to an unidentified. water-soluble intermediate and NH(4)(+) which accounted for approximately 50%, of the RDX nitrogen. No total organic carbon reduction was observed before and after RDX transformation with scrap iron. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Chiu, PC (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM pei@ce.udel.edu NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1384 EP 1389 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<1384:EOATEI>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 569AJ UT WOS:000176576900008 PM 12109737 ER PT J AU Steevens, JA Duke, BM Lotufo, GR Bridges, TS AF Steevens, JA Duke, BM Lotufo, GR Bridges, TS TI Toxicity of the explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine in sediments to Chironomus tentans and Hyalella azteca: Low-dose hormesis and high-dose mortality SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE explosives; midge; amphipod; sediments; hormesis ID AMMUNITION PLANT; SOIL; METABOLITES; TNT; ADSORPTION; REDUCTION; SAMPLES AB The toxicity of the explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT); hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (royal demolition explosive [RDX]); and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (high-melting explosive [HMX]), was evaluated in spiked sediment with two freshwater invertebrates. The midge Chironomus tentans and the amphipod Hyalella azteca demonstrated significant toxic effects after exposure to TNT and its degradation products, 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) and 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (2,4-DANT). Significant reductions in survival of C. tentans exposed to TNT, TNB, and 2,4-DANT were observed at nominal sediment concentrations as low as 200 mg/kg. Hyalella azteca was more sensitive to TNT, TNB, and 2.4-DANT than the midge, where significant reductions in survival were observed at nominal concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Survival of the midge and the amphipod was unaffected after exposure to RDX or HMX at the highest concentrations of 1,000 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Growth of the midge, measured as total weight, was significantly reduced by 2,4-DANT However, significantly increased growth was observed after exposure to sublethal concentrations of RDX and HMX. Although significant reductions in amphipod survival were observed at high concentrations of TNB, growth was significantly increased at sublethal concentrations. The results of the current investigation suggest that organisms exposed to explosives at contaminated sites may be affected at concentrations less than 25 mg/kg through hormetic growth enhancement and at higher concentrations through increased mortality. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, CEERD,EP,R, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Analyt Serv, CEERD, EP R, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Steevens, JA (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, CEERD,EP,R, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 36 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 17 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1475 EP 1482 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<1475:TOTETH>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 569AJ UT WOS:000176576900020 PM 12109749 ER PT J AU Charoenca, N Kungkulniti, N Hamann, S Settachan, P Wansumrith, N Hemsri, S Santhana, S Tanapanyanon, A AF Charoenca, N Kungkulniti, N Hamann, S Settachan, P Wansumrith, N Hemsri, S Santhana, S Tanapanyanon, A TI Passive smoke exposure in restaurants and nightclubs in Bangkok, 2001 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE passive smoke; second hand smoke; restaurant; nightclub; carbon monoxide(CO); nicotine; workplace; exposure C1 Mahidol Univ, Fac Publ Hlth, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Rangsit Univ, Fac Med, Bangkok, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 358 BP S142 EP S142 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600336 ER PT J AU Hauschild, V AF Hauschild, V TI Risk assessment and management of carcinogens: Comparison of environmental, occupational, and military approaches SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 489 BP S167 EP S167 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600460 ER PT J AU May, LM Gaborek, B Pitrat, T AF May, LM Gaborek, B Pitrat, T TI Derivation of risk based wipe surface screening levels for industrial scenarios SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Environm Hlth Risk Assessment Program, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 570 BP S181 EP S182 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600534 ER PT J AU Phillips, CT Kuperman, RG Checkai, RT AF Phillips, CT Kuperman, RG Checkai, RT TI Toxicity of chemical-warfare agent HD to Folsomia candida in different soil types SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Collembola; soil toxicity test; HD; adult mortality; reproductive endpoint AB We investigated the ecotoxicity of the chemical-warfare agent (CWA) HD (Mustard) using Collembola reproduction test with numbers of adults and juveniles as measurement endpoints. Toxicity tests were conducted using soils with contrasting parameters to investigate the effects of soil properties on chemical toxicity. These included standard artificial soil (SAS; 10% OM; 6 pH), O'Neill-Hall sandy loam (OHSL; natural soil with 4.3% OM; 5.1 pH), and Sassafras sandy loam (SSL; natural soil with 2% OM; 4.9 pH). Soils were individually spiked with HD concentrations ranging from I to 125 mg kg(-1). Lowest observed effect concentrations (LOECs) for adult mortality were 25, 50, and 6.97 mg kg(-1) for SAS, OHSL, and SSL, respectively. The LOECs for reproduction were 6.97, 6.25, and 1.9 mg kg(-1) for SAS, OHSL, and SSL, respectively. HD toxicity to both adults and juveniles was greater in SSL. These results show that soil toxicity testing should not rely solely on the adult acute endpoints using artificial soils, but should include assays with reproductive endpoints using natural soils with varying physical and chemical parameters to adequately assess toxicity to test species. 0 2002 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSSB RRT BE, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Geo Ctrs Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Phillips, CT (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSSB RRT BE, E5641,5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RI Kuperman, Roman/D-4297-2009 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1164-5563 J9 EUR J SOIL BIOL JI Eur. J. Soil Biol. PD JUL-DEC PY 2002 VL 38 IS 3-4 BP 281 EP 285 AR PII S1164-5563(02)01160-3 DI 10.1016/S1164-5563(02)01160-3 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 597XK UT WOS:000178245900011 ER PT J AU Johnson, CA Goff, JM Rehrig, ST Hadro, NC AF Johnson, CA Goff, JM Rehrig, ST Hadro, NC TI Asymptomatic profunda femoris artery aneurysm: Diagnosis and rationale for management SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND ENDOVASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article DE profunda femoris artery aneurysm; femoral artery aneurysm C1 Raymond W Bliss Army Hlth Ctr, Ft Huachuca, AZ 85613 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Vasc Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Johnson, CA (reprint author), Raymond W Bliss Army Hlth Ctr, Ft Huachuca, AZ 85613 USA. OI rehrig, scott/0000-0002-1287-9708 NR 5 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1078-5884 J9 EUR J VASC ENDOVASC JI Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 24 IS 1 BP 91 EP 92 DI 10.1053/ejvs.2002.1699 PG 2 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 578CU UT WOS:000177100500017 PM 12127856 ER PT J AU Vijh, S Dayhoff, DE Wang, CE Imam, Z Ehrenberg, PK Michael, NL AF Vijh, S Dayhoff, DE Wang, CE Imam, Z Ehrenberg, PK Michael, NL TI Transcription regulation of human chemokine receptor CCR3: Evidence for a rare TATA-less promoter structure conserved between Drosophila and humans SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE eosinophils; chemokines; AIDS; molecular biology; allergy ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; ACTIVATING-FACTOR RECEPTOR; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; DENDRITIC CELLS; EOTAXIN RECEPTOR; CUTTING EDGE; EXPRESSION; GENE; ELEMENT AB The chemokine receptor CCR3 has a critical function in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic diseases and is an entry co-receptor for HIV-1. We describe here the genomic organization and general transcriptional control mechanism for the human gene CCR3. We identified six cDNA transcripts formed by alternative splicing of eight exons and seven introns. CCR3 contains a 37-bp core promoter domain (-3 to +34 relative to the transcription start point) lacking a TATA box but inclusive of an initiator sequence, a G at +24, and a downstream promoter element (DPE) at +28 to +33 common for Drosophila melanogaster but heretofore described for only two other human genes. Mutation of these elements significantly attenuates CCR3 transcription, as predicted by a model of RNA pol II engagement with DPE-containing Drosophila promoters. These results provide evidence for the functional conservation of a DPE-dependent, general transcription control mechanism between Drosophila and human genes. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Michael, NL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, 1600 E Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM mmichael@hivresearch.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [F32 AI09629-01A1] NR 50 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD JUL PY 2002 VL 80 IS 1 BP 86 EP 95 DI 10.1006/geno.2002.6801 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 567QH UT WOS:000176495300014 PM 12079287 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, RW English, SL Mughal, MA AF Hutchinson, RW English, SL Mughal, MA TI A general problem solving approach for wicked problems: Theory and application to chemical weapons verification and biological terrorism SO GROUP DECISION AND NEGOTIATION LA English DT Article DE general problem solving tool; learning organization; wicked problems AB "Wicked" ill-defined problems such as violent crime, illegal drugs and terrorism may contain technical, economic, and political elements operating together as systems. Practical resolution requires "simple solutions" that are technically feasible, economically sustainable and politically implementable. Here we show an approach to achieve simple solutions to these problems. The approach was derived and tested in two experiments: first to develop verification measures for the Chemical Weapons Convention and subsequently to develop response concepts for biological terrorism. The approach's validity derives from its close relationship to the scientific method in objectively testing results, and its power is achieved by focusing a team of people directly on the problem of interest in the setting of a learning organization. The approach appears to provide access at will of the full human potential to resolve wicked problems and, thereby, yields a general problem solving tool of substantial power. C1 USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Hutchinson, RW (reprint author), USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, 5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-2644 J9 GROUP DECIS NEGOT JI Group Decis. Negot. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 11 IS 4 BP 257 EP 279 DI 10.1023/A:1015638832080 PG 23 WC Management; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 555GU UT WOS:000175787000001 ER PT J AU Plemenik, DJ AF Plemenik, DJ TI Army nurses: A proud tradition SO HOSPITALS & HEALTH NETWORKS LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Recruting Command, Hlth Serv Directorate, Army Nurse Corps Div, Ft Knox, KY 40121 USA. RP Plemenik, DJ (reprint author), USA, Recruting Command, Hlth Serv Directorate, Army Nurse Corps Div, Ft Knox, KY 40121 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HEALTH FORUM INC PI CHICAGO PA ONE NORTH FRANKLIN ST, CHICAGO, IL 60606 USA SN 1068-8838 J9 HOSP HEALTH NETWORK JI Hosp. Health Netw. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 76 IS 7 BP 10 EP + PG 2 WC Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 573XY UT WOS:000176858900004 ER PT J AU Koval, DO Jiao, L Arno, RG Hale, PS AF Koval, DO Jiao, L Arno, RG Hale, PS TI Zone-branch reliability methodology applied to gold book standard network SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Industry-Applications-Society CY SEP 30-OCT 05, 2001 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Ind Applicat Soc DE frequency; industrial; interruptions; network; reliability; zone branch AB There is a need recognized in the power industry to identify and utilize a standard tool or a set of tools to analyze the reliability of industrial and commercial power systems. Historically, the reliability results of different reliability methodologies varied significantly and comparisons were extremely difficult. The Reliability Analysis Technique Working Group of the Gold Book (i.e., IEEE Std. 493) developed a standard network to enable comparison of analytical techniques. This paper will identity the different analysis techniques currently available. This paper is the second of a series of papers applying the zone-branch methodology to the Gold Book standard network configuration. Two case studies will be presented for different network operating practices. Future papers applying these different techniques to the same Gold Book standard network configuration will be presented and the results compared to determine accuracy of these analytical techniques. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Elect Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada. ITT Res Inst, Reliabil Anal Ctr, Rome, NY 13440 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Power Reliabil Enhancement Program, Ft Belvoir, VA 22030 USA. RP Koval, DO (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Elect Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 38 IS 4 BP 990 EP 995 DI 10.1109/TIA.2002.800580 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 574UW UT WOS:000176908800012 ER PT J AU Khan, A Ballato, A AF Khan, A Ballato, A TI Piezoelectric coupling factor calculations for plates of langatate driven in simple thickness modes by lateral-field-excitation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID LANGASITE; CONSTANTS; QUARTZ; LANGANITE AB Piezoelectric coupling factors for langatate (La(3)Ga(5.5)Ta(0.5)O(14)) single-crystals driven by lateral-field-excitation have been calculated using the extended Christoffel-Bechmann method. Calculations were made using published materials constants. The results are presented in terms of the lateral piezoelectric coupling factor as functions of in-plane (azimuthal) rotation angle for the three simple thickness vibration modes of some non-rotated, singly-rotated, and doubly-rotated orientations. It is shown that lateral-field-excitation offers the potential to eliminate unwanted vibration modes and to achieve considerably greater piezoelectric coupling versus thickness-field-excitation for the rotated cuts considered and for a doubly-rotated cut that is of potential technological interest. C1 Adv Cerametr Inc, Lambertville, NJ 08530 USA. USA, Res Lab, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. USA, Communicat Elect Command Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Khan, A (reprint author), Adv Cerametr Inc, Lambertville, NJ 08530 USA. EM advcer@aol.com NR 19 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD JUL PY 2002 VL 49 IS 7 BP 922 EP 928 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2002.1020162 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 574VB UT WOS:000176909300007 PM 12152946 ER PT J AU Saikh, KU Kissner, T Ulrich, RG AF Saikh, KU Kissner, T Ulrich, RG TI Regulation of HLA-DR and co-stimulatory molecule expression on natural killer T cells by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor SO IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN DENDRITIC CELLS; HUMAN LIVER; ADHESION MOLECULE; NK CELLS; INHIBITORY RECEPTORS; VIRUS-INFECTION; EFFECTOR-CELLS; CUTTING EDGE; LYMPHOCYTES; CD8(+) AB A subset of mononuclear cells present in most tissues coexpresses receptors of both natural killer (NK) and T cells. Although linked to antiviral immunity, the function of these putative NKT cells is uncertain. We present evidence that human CD56(+) DR- NKT cells exhibit hybrid adaptive and innate immune functions. These cells spontaneously lysed tumour cell targets and upon engagement of T-cell antigen receptors secreted the cytokines interferon-gamma and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Conversely, GM-CSF treatment transformed the NKT cells into dendritic cells, inducing rapid expression of HLA-DR and the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. The ability to stimulate tetanus toxoid-specific responses from naive T cells was acquired within 3 days of activating CD56(+) NKT cells with GM-CSF. These results suggest a potential role for NKT cells in the initiation and control of primary immunity during the acute phase of infection. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Lab Mol Immunol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Ulrich, RG (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Lab Mol Immunol, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0019-2805 J9 IMMUNOLOGY JI Immunology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 106 IS 3 BP 363 EP 372 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2002.01446.x PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 568CX UT WOS:000176525800010 PM 12100724 ER PT J AU Bhattacharjee, AK De Verg, LV Izadjoo, MJ Yuan, L Hadfield, TL Zollinger, WD Hoover, DL AF Bhattacharjee, AK De Verg, LV Izadjoo, MJ Yuan, L Hadfield, TL Zollinger, WD Hoover, DL TI Protection of mice against brucellosis by intranasal immunization with Brucella melitensis lipopolysaccharide as a noncovalent complex with Neisseria meningitidis group B outer membrane protein SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID BALB/C MICE; ABORTUS LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; O-POLYSACCHARIDE; VACCINES; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; INFECTION; RESPONSES; STRAINS; ANTIGEN AB Intranasal immunization of mice with purified Brucella melitensis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a noncovalent complex with Neisseria meningitidis group B outer membrane protein (GBOMP) elicited a high-titer anti-LPS systemic antibody response and a significant mucosal antibody response. The anti-LPS immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody was predominantly of the IgG1 subtype, although there was some response of the IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3 subtypes. The antibody titer remained high for 16 weeks postimmunization. Immunized mice and sham-immunized control mice were challenged intranasally with 10(4) CFU of virulent B. melitensis strain 16 M 4 weeks after the second dose of vaccine. The numbers of bacteria in lungs, livers, and spleens at 3 days, 9 days, and 8 weeks postchallenge were determined. Bacteria were found in lungs of all mice on day 3, but there was no disseminated infection of liver or spleen. By day 9, 40% of the mice had infected spleens and livers. At 8 weeks postchallenge, spleens of 25 of 62 immunized mice were infected, compared to 61 of 62 control mice (P < 0.0001). The livers of 12 of 43 immunized mice were infected, compared to 22 of 36 control mice (P = 0.005). In contrast, the lungs of 26 of 46 immunized mice were still infected, compared to 27 of 44 control mice. The numbers of bacterial CFU in lungs of immunized and control animals were identical. These studies show that intranasal immunization with B. melitensis LPS-GBOMP subunit vaccine significantly protects mice against intranasal challenge with virulent B. melitensis. Vaccination reduces bacterial dissemination to spleen and liver but has no effect on the course of lung infection. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Amer Registry Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Infect & Parasit Dis, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Bhattacharjee, AK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 70 IS 7 BP 3324 EP 3329 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.7.3324-3329.2002 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 564ET UT WOS:000176302600003 PM 12065469 ER PT J AU Shobeiri, SA Nolan, TE Yordan-Jovet, R Echols, KT Chesson, RR AF Shobeiri, SA Nolan, TE Yordan-Jovet, R Echols, KT Chesson, RR TI Digital examination compared to trans-perineal ultrasound for the evaluation of anal sphincter repair SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS LA English DT Article DE ultrasound; anal sphincter; laceration ID VAGINAL ENDOSONOGRAPHY; FECAL INCONTINENCE; RISK-FACTORS; DELIVERY; DEFECTS; ANATOMY; TEARS; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; RUPTURE; DAMAGE AB Objective: To assess the adequacy of a third- or a fourth-degree laceration repair by comparing digital and transperineal ultrasound measurements. Method: During a 4-year period, 34 subjects without prior history of anal sphincter injury or fecal incontinence underwent ultrasound measurements of external anal sphincter muscle diameter and perineal length, which were compared to measurements obtained by digital examination. Results: Pearson's correlation coefficients for comparing the digital external sphincter examination to trans-perineal ultrasonography, and the digital perineal examination to trans-perineal ultrasonography were 0.88 and 0.40, respectively. Patients (n=4/34) whose external sphincter was identified as less than I cm by digital examination were found to have an external sphincter diameter of less than I cm by trans-perineal ultrasound. Conclusion: The digital perineum examination is a reliable method of measuring the external sphincter thickness and perineal body length immediately after primary repair. (C) 2002 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Sect Female Pelv Med & Reconstruct Surg, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Shobeiri, SA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Sect Female Pelv Med & Reconstruct Surg, POB 26901,WP 2410, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0020-7292 J9 INT J GYNECOL OBSTET JI Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 78 IS 1 BP 31 EP 36 AR PII S0020-7292(02)00068-1 DI 10.1016/S0020-7292(02)00068-1 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 580KR UT WOS:000177234200006 PM 12113968 ER PT J AU Zilberberg, I Pelmenschikov, A Mcgrath, CJ Davis, WM Leszczynska, D Leszczynski, J AF Zilberberg, Igor Pelmenschikov, Alexander Mcgrath, Christian J. Davis, William M. Leszczynska, Danuta Leszczynski, Jerzy TI Reduction of Nitroaromatic Compounds on the Surface of Metallic Iron: Quantum Chemical Study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Nitroaromatic compounds; Semiempirical method NDDO/MC; Nitrobenzene reduction; Metallic iron; Nitrosobenzene AB The initial reduction steps of nitroaromatic compounds on the surface of metallic iron have been studied theoretically using nitrobenzene (NB) as a representative of nitroaromatic compounds. The quantum chemical cluster approximation within the semiempirical Neglect of Diatomic Differential Overlap for Metal Compounds method was applied to model the Fe(110) crystallographic surface, taken as a representative reactive surface for granular iron. This surface was modeled as a 39-atom two-layer metal cluster with rigid geometry. The associative and dissociative adsorption of nitrobenzene was considered. Based on our quantum chemical analysis, we suggest that the direct electron donation from the metal surface into the pi* orbital of NB is a decisive factor responsible for subsequent transformation of the nitro group. Molecularly adsorbed NB interacts with metal iron exclusively through nitro moiety oxygens which occupy tri-coordinated positions on surface The charge transfer from metal to NB of approximately 2 atomic units destablizes the nitro group. As a result, the first dissociation of the N-O bond goes through a relatively low activation barrier. The adsorbed nitrosobenzene is predicted to be a stable surface species, though still quiet labile. C1 [Zilberberg, Igor; Pelmenschikov, Alexander; Leszczynski, Jerzy] Jackson State Univ, Computat Ctr Mol Struct & Interact, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. [Zilberberg, Igor] Boreskov Inst Catalysis, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Mcgrath, Christian J.; Davis, William M.] US Army, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Leszczynska, Danuta] Coll Engn, FAMU FSU, Dept Civil Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Leszczynski, J (reprint author), Jackson State Univ, Computat Ctr Mol Struct & Interact, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. EM jerzy@ccmsi.us RI Zilberberg, Igor /L-5417-2013 FU U.S. Army Engineers Research and Development Center under the Environmental Basic Research Program [BT25] FX This investigation was supported by the U.S. Army Engineers Research and Development Center under the Environmental Basic Research Program (BT25); C.J. McGrath was the COR. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-0067 J9 INT J MOL SCI JI Int. J. Mol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 3 IS 7 BP 801 EP 813 DI 10.3390/i3070801 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA V33HZ UT WOS:000209011200005 ER PT J AU O'Brien, C Young, AJ Sawka, MN AF O'Brien, C Young, AJ Sawka, MN TI Bioelectrical impedance to estimate changes in hydration status SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE bioelectrical impedance; total body water; hypohydration; hyperhydration; electrolytes ID TOTAL-BODY WATER; BIOIMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SKIN TEMPERATURE; COMPARTMENTS; HYPOHYDRATION; VALIDATION; FREQUENCY; MASS AB Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has been suggested as a simple, rapid method to assess changes in hydration status. BIA measures the electrical impedance to a low amperage current that is affected by both water and electrolyte content of the body. While BIA can reliably estimate total body water and body density in euhydrated individuals under standardized clinical conditions, changes in fluid and electrolyte content can independently alter bioimpedance measurements. Because hydration changes typically involve concomitant changes in fluid and electrolyte content, the interpretation of a change in bioimpedance will often be confounded. This paper examines the assumptions underlying estimations of total body water from BIA and addresses the factors known to influence bioimpedance independently from actual change in total body water. The results indicate that current BIA methodology may not provide valid estimates of total body water when hydration state is altered. C1 USA, Inst Environm Med, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP O'Brien, C (reprint author), USA, Inst Environm Med, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 47 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 13 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0172-4622 J9 INT J SPORTS MED JI Int. J. Sports Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 23 IS 5 BP 361 EP 366 DI 10.1055/s-2002-33145 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 574PT UT WOS:000176899300009 PM 12165888 ER PT J AU Schreuder-Gibson, H Gibson, P Senecal, K Sennett, M Walker, J Yeomans, W Ziegler, D Tsai, PP AF Schreuder-Gibson, H Gibson, P Senecal, K Sennett, M Walker, J Yeomans, W Ziegler, D Tsai, PP TI Protective textile materials based on electrospun nanofibers SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PERMEABILITY; FILTERS AB Electrospinning is a process for making extremely fine submicron fiber by a process of charging polymer solutions to thousands of volts. This method of manufacturing man-made fibers has been known since 1934, when the first patent on electrospinning was filed by Formhals(1). Since that time, many patents and publications have been reported on electrospinning. This paper describes our latest accomplishments in the development of useful fabric membranes from electrospun fibers and describes the properties of these membranes with respect to their strength and performance as protective layers, This paper reviews the electrospinning process and its current status as a manufacturing method. New data and properties of electrospun membranes are reported, including structural effects upon moisture transport, air convection, aerosol filtration, porosity, tensile strength, and enhanced chemical activity of these membranes, demonstrating the potential of these nanofiber layers in laminates for specialty textiles. C1 USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Schreuder-Gibson, H (reprint author), USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RI Gibson, Phillip/D-2398-2010; Senecal, Kris/F-3000-2013 OI Gibson, Phillip/0000-0002-6172-4438; NR 28 TC 197 Z9 205 U1 13 U2 100 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 1070-9789 J9 J ADV MATER-COVINA JI J. Adv. Mater. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 34 IS 3 BP 44 EP 55 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 564MD UT WOS:000176317400011 ER PT J AU Gorton, SA Berry, JD Hodges, WT Reis, DG AF Gorton, SA Berry, JD Hodges, WT Reis, DG TI Rotor wake study near the horizontal tail of a T-tail configuration SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB Development of advanced rotorcraft configurations has highlighted a need-for high-quality experimental data to support the development of robust and accurate analytical design tools. To provide high-quality experimental data, a test program was conducted in the NASA Langley Research Center 14- by 22-Foot Subsonic Tunnel to measure the flow near the empennage of a 15% scale powered helicopter model with an operating tail fan and a T-tail configuration. Three-component velocity profiles were measured forward of the horizontal tail for four advance ratios using laser velocimetry to evaluate the effect of the rotor wake impingement on the horizontal tail angle of attack. These velocity data indicate the horizontal tail can experience unsteady angle-of-attack variations of over 30 deg due to the rotor wake influence. The horizontal tail is most affected by the rotor wake at and above advance ratios of 0.10. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Flow Phys & Control Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Dynam & Aerodynam Branch, Aeromech Div,Aviat Engn Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Joint Res Program Off, Aeroflightdynam Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Gorton, SA (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Flow Phys & Control Branch, Mail Stop 170, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 39 IS 4 BP 645 EP 653 DI 10.2514/2.2977 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 582AU UT WOS:000177328200015 ER PT J AU Cole, MW Hubbard, C Ngo, E Ervin, M Wood, M Geyer, RG AF Cole, MW Hubbard, C Ngo, E Ervin, M Wood, M Geyer, RG TI Structure-property relationships in pure and acceptor-doped Ba1-xSrxTiO3 thin films for tunable microwave device applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BARIUM STRONTIUM-TITANATE; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; PERMITTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; MEMORY APPLICATION; CAPACITORS; CERAMICS; MICROSTRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE; RESONATOR; PRESSURE AB The influence of low concentration (1 mol %) Mg doping on the structural, microstructural, surface morphological, and dielectric properties of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (BST) thin films has been measured and analyzed. The films were fabricated on MgO and Pt-Si substrates via the metalorganic solution deposition technique using carboxylate-alkoxide precursors and postdeposition annealed at 800 degreesC (film/MgO substrates) and 750 degreesC (film/Pt-Si substrates). The structure, microstructure, surface morphology, and film/substrate compositional quality were analyzed by glancing angle x-ray diffraction, field emission scanning microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy studies. Dielectric properties of unpatterned films were measured at 10 GHz using a coupled, tuned split dielectric resonator system, and at 100 kHz using metal-insulator-metal capacitors. The Mg-doped BST films exhibited improved dielectric and insulating properties compared to the undoped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films. The improved dielectric properties, low leakage current, and good dielectric tunability of the low level Mg-doped BST thin films merits strong potential for utilization in tunable microwave devices. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mcole@arl.army.mil NR 40 TC 171 Z9 187 U1 2 U2 44 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 1 BP 475 EP 483 DI 10.1063/1.1484231 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 564LA UT WOS:000176314800075 ER PT J AU Folkes, PA Gumbs, G Xu, W AF Folkes, PA Gumbs, G Xu, W TI Photoinduced band-bending effect of low temperature GaAs on AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs modulation-doped transistors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM WELLS; BUFFER; HETEROJUNCTIONS; ABSORPTION; GAP AB Low temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements on pseudomorphic modulation-doped transistors (PHEMTs) with a low-temperature (LT) GaAs layer in the GaAs buffer layer clearly show a decrease in the quantum well PL transition energies compared to a PHEMT with no LT GaAs. Self-consistent calculations of the quantum well PL transition energies and oscillator strengths show that the observed decrease in PL energies can be attributed to a larger photoinduced band bending in PHEMTs with an undoped GaAs/LT GaAs interface compared to the photoinduced band bending in PHEMTs with an undoped GaAs/semi-insulating GaAs interface. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Wollongong, Inst Superconduct & Elect Mat, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. CUNY Grad Sch & Univ Ctr, New York, NY 10036 USA. RP Folkes, PA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 1 BP 632 EP 634 DI 10.1063/1.1483132 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 564LA UT WOS:000176314800100 ER PT J AU Nelson, LS Stewart, AB Getsinger, KD AF Nelson, LS Stewart, AB Getsinger, KD TI Fluridone effects on fanwort and water marigold SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic herbicide; beta-carotene; Cabomba caroliniana; chlorophyll; Megalodonta beckii; phytoene ID CHLOROPHYLL; HYDRILLA AB Growth chamber studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the aquatic herbicide fluridone for control of fanwort, and to assess the impact of treatment on the non-target plant, water marigold. Treatments included static exposures of 0, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 g fluridone L-1. Changes in pigment concentrations within the plant (phytoene, beta-carotene, and chlorophyll) and biomass were used to appraise treatment efficacy. For fanwort, phytoene levels increased 82% and beta-carotene decreased 88% when exposed to 5 g fluridone L-1 for 14 days. Effects on these two pigments persisted through 84 days after treatment (DAT) for fanwort. In contrast, phytoene content was not affected in water marigold however, plants exposed to greater than or equal to10 mug fluridone L-1 showed reduced beta-carotene 84 DAT. Leaf chlorophyll decreased with increasing fluridone concentration in fanwort whereas in water marigold, decreased chlorophyll was observed in plants treated with rates of 7.5 g L-1 and higher. Despite these observed differences in pigment response, all fluridone treatments significantly reduced shoot dry weight biomass. Overall, the data showed that biomass and pigment levels of water marigold were minimally impacted following treatment of 5 g L-1 fluridone. However, the dose of fluridone required to control fanwort by >80%, severely inhibited water marigold growth. We conclude that there is limited potential for selectively controlling nuisance fanwort populations with fluridone where water marigold must be protected. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Dyntel Corp, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Dept Soil & Water, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Aquat Control Technol, Sutton, MA 01540 USA. RP Nelson, LS (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 40 BP 58 EP 63 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 611LW UT WOS:000179019800003 ER PT J AU Poovey, AG Skogerboe, JG Owens, CS AF Poovey, AG Skogerboe, JG Owens, CS TI Spring treatments of diquat and endothall for curlyleaf pondweed control SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Potamogeton crispus; herbicide; Aquathol (R) K; Reward (R); chemical control ID POTAMOGETON-CRISPUS; FLURIDONE; GROWTH AB Spring treatments of the contact herbicides diquat and endothall were effective in reducing curlyleaf pondweed (Potamogeton cyispus L.) shoot and root biomass, as well as suppressing turion production. An outdoor mesocosm study was conducted in the spring of 1999 in which plants were treated during three different periods using two rates of each product (either 1 or 2 mg ai L-1). Water temperatures ranged from 16 to 23C during applications. All diquat applications reduced shoot biomass by 60% and root biomass by 60 to 90% compared to the untreated reference. Turion numbers decreased by 85%. All endothall applications reduced shoot and root biomass; however, early and mid-spring treatments provided better control than late spring treatments. Both the earlier endothall treatments reduced shoot and root biomass by 90% versus a 60% reduction in shoot and root biomass for the late spring endothall treatment. Consequently, turion numbers decreased significantly with the early and midspring endothall treatments (>90%), but not with the late spring endothall treatment. This study is further evidence that both diquat and endothall could be applied early in the growing season to reduce turion formation and provide for potential long-term control of curlyleaf pondweed. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Analyt Serv Inc, Huntsville, AL 35816 USA. RP Poovey, AG (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 6 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 40 BP 63 EP 67 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 611LW UT WOS:000179019800004 ER PT J AU Shearer, JF AF Shearer, JF TI The potential role of an endophytic fungus in the decline of stressed Eurasian watermilfoil SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Myriophyllum spicatum; fungal endophyte; Mycoleptodiscus terrestris AB A greenhouse study was conducted to test effects of stress induced by simulated chemical runoff on endophyte-infected [Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Gerd.) Ostazeski] and endophyte-free Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.). Simulated chemical runoff stress was induced by applying low rates of the herbicide endothall (dipotassium salt of 7-oxybicyclo {2,2,1}heptane-2, 3-dicarboxylic acid) for a 24-hour exposure time. Treatments included 0.5 and 1.0 mg L-1 endothall applied to endophyte-infected and endophyte-free Eurasian watermilfoil plants and untreated controls. Four weeks after herbicide application, shoot dry weight of Eurasian watermilfoil endophyte-infected plants was reduced by 75% and 72% when exposed to rates of 1.0 and 0.5 mg L-1 of endothall respectively compared to the endophyte-infected control plants. The shoot dry weight of endophyte-free plants was reduced by 58.2% and 30.8% respectively compared to the endophyte-free control plants. The presence of M. terrestris as an endophyte that has the potential to behave as a latent pathogen may lessen the ability of some Eurasian watermilfoil populations to survive stress conditions. Stress conditions appeared to weaken plants and render them susceptible to attack from an otherwise benign organism. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Shearer, JF (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 40 BP 76 EP 78 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 611LW UT WOS:000179019800007 ER PT J AU Brostoff, WN AF Brostoff, WN TI Cryptobiotic crusts of a seasonally inundated Dune-Pan system at Edwards Air Force Base, Western Mojave Desert, California SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE cryptobiotic crusts; Microcoleus; Mojave Desert; southern California ID CRYPTOGAMIC SOIL CRUSTS; UTAH; DISTURBANCE; RECOVERY; PIGMENT; CARBON AB Cryptobiotic crusts are a dominant component of an area of dunes and pans situated on Pleistocene Lake Thompson bed at Edwards Air Force Base (EAFB), California. Crusts cover about 50% of the surface area; upland crusts cover 80% of the dunes, aquatic remnant crusts cover about 20% of the pans. The biomass of the crusts is about twice the maximum reported elsewhere. As typical for cryptobiotic crust communities, the cyanophyte Microcoleus vaginatus dominated the upland crusts; however, neither mossnor lichen-dominated crusts were found. The pans present an enigma; some were dominated by cyanobacterial crusts-, while others were dominated by bacterial crusts. Both natural disturbance (e.g. mammal burrows) and anthropogenic disturbance (e.g. foot traffic) appeared to have a negative effect on both the upland and aquatic remnant crusts. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Brostoff, WN (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd,EE-W, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 51 IS 3 BP 339 EP 361 DI 10.1006/jare.2001.0965 PG 23 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 599WZ UT WOS:000178359300002 ER PT J AU Woods, DE Jeddeloh, JA Fritz, DL DeShazer, D AF Woods, DE Jeddeloh, JA Fritz, DL DeShazer, D TI Burkholderia thailandensis E125 harbors a temperate bacteriophage specific for Burkholderia mallei SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-PSEUDOMALLEI; SP NOV.; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; CLONING VECTORS; PHAGE; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTION; VIRULENCE; SEQUENCES AB Burkholderia thailandensis is a nonpathogenic gram-negative bacillus that is closely related to Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei. We found that B. thailandensis E125 spontaneously produced a bacteriophage, termed phiE125, which formed turbid plaques in top agar containing B. mallei ATCC 23344. We examined the host range of phiE125 and found that it formed plaques on B. mallei but not on any other bacterial species tested, including B. thailandensis and B. pseudomallei. Examination of the bacteriophage by transmission electron microscopy revealed an isometric head and a long noncontractile tail. B. mallei NCTC 120 and B. mallei DB110795 were resistant to infection with phiE125 and did not produce lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O antigen due to IS407A insertions in wbiE and wbiG, respectively. wbiE was provided in trans on a broad-host-range plasmid to B. mallei NCTC 120, and it restored LPS O-antigen production and susceptibility to phiE125. The 53,373-bp phiE125 genome contained 70 genes, an IS3 family insertion sequence (ISBt3), and an attachment site (attP) encompassing the 3' end of a proline tRNA (UGG) gene. While the overall genetic organization of the phiE125 genome was similar to lambda-like bacteriophages and prophages, it also possessed a novel cluster of putative replication and lysogeny genes. The phiE125 genome encoded an adenine and a cytosine methyltransferase, and purified bacteriophage DNA contained both N6-methyladenine and N4-methylcytosine. The results presented here demonstrate that phiE125 is a new member of the lambda supergroup of Siphoviridae that may be useful as a diagnostic tool for B. mallei. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Calgary, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP DeShazer, D (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 80 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 184 IS 14 BP 4003 EP 4017 DI 10.1128/JB.184.14.4003-4017.2002 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 569CH UT WOS:000176582200029 PM 12081973 ER PT J AU Garach-Domech, A Rock, D Sandhu, G Russel, J McHugh, MA MacIver, BK AF Garach-Domech, A Rock, D Sandhu, G Russel, J McHugh, MA MacIver, BK TI Phase behavior of diethyl methylphosphonate and 2-chloroethyl methyl sulfide in supercritical carbon dioxide SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID EXTRACTION; FLUID AB Pressure-composition isotherms are reported for diethyl methylphosphonate and 2-chloroethyl methyl sulfide in carbon dioxide at 35, 55, and 75 degreesC. These two CO2-polar solute systems do not exhibit three-phase equilibria in the vicinity of the critical point of CO2. Pressures less than approximate to140 bar are needed to obtain a single phase for both binary mixtures at temperatures up to 75 degreesC. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP McHugh, MA (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 47 IS 4 BP 984 EP 986 AR UNSP JE025508R DI 10.1021/je025508r PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 573BD UT WOS:000176808700058 ER PT J AU DiFazio, MP Levin, S Depper, M AF DiFazio, MP Levin, S Depper, M TI Ectodermal dysplasia and brain cystic changes: Confirmation of a novel neurocutaneous syndrome SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Ectodermal dysplasia is a rare congenital disorder characterized by dry, brittle hair, dental malformations, and skin abnormalities. It is thought to be the result of embryonic ectodermal dysgenesis, affecting tissues and structures that are widely separated but with common developmental origins. Recently, this disorder has been associated with a unique neuroimaging appearance, consisting of widely dilated perivascular spaces. This association has been proposed as a novel neurocutaneous syndrome, identified in one report as "cerebrum polycystica vera. " We report a similar patient with dilated perivascular spaces associated with dermatologic manifestations consistent with ectodermal dysplasia. This patient was otherwise normal, without neurocognitive deficit. Additional neuroimaging findings included widespread white-matter high signal intensity on T-2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, as well as normal findings on magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This case confirms the association of ectodermal dysplasia and brain cystic changes and appears to expand the phenotypic manifestations that may be seen in such patients. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Child Neurol Serv, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Genet Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Serv Neuroradiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP DiFazio, MP (reprint author), 1701 Olney Sandy Spring Rd, Sandy Spring, MD 20860 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 17 IS 7 BP 475 EP 478 DI 10.1177/088307380201700701 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 594WM UT WOS:000178074800001 PM 12269724 ER PT J AU Ramanath, R Snyder, WE Bilbro, GL Sander, WA AF Ramanath, R Snyder, WE Bilbro, GL Sander, WA TI Demosaicking methods for Bayer color arrays SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING LA English DT Article ID INTERPOLATION AB Digital Still Color Cameras sample the color spectrum using a monolithic array of color filters overlaid on a charge coupled device array such that each pixel samples only one color band. The resulting mosaic of color samples is processed to produce a high resolution color image such that the values of the color bands not sampled at a certain location are estimated from its neighbors. This process is often referred to as demosaicking. This paper introduces and compares a few commonly used demosaicking methods using error metrics like mean squared error in the PGB color space and perceived error in the CIELAB color space. (C) 2002 SPIE and IST. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM rramana@eos.ncsu.edu NR 17 TC 152 Z9 155 U1 1 U2 13 PU IS&T & SPIE PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1017-9909 EI 1560-229X J9 J ELECTRON IMAGING JI J. Electron. Imaging PD JUL PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3 BP 306 EP 315 DI 10.1117/1.1484495 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 580WR UT WOS:000177260100002 ER PT J AU Sivananthan, S Dhar, NK AF Sivananthan, S Dhar, NK TI Special issue on the 2001 US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials - Foreword SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Illinois, Microphys Lab, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sivananthan, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Microphys Lab, 845 W Taylor St,Room 2360, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 31 IS 7 BP 651 EP 651 DI 10.1007/s11664-002-0213-5 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 574YB UT WOS:000176917000001 ER PT J AU Almeida, LA Thomas, M Larsen, W Spariosu, K Edwall, DD Benson, JD Mason, W Stolt, AJ Dinan, JH AF Almeida, LA Thomas, M Larsen, W Spariosu, K Edwall, DD Benson, JD Mason, W Stolt, AJ Dinan, JH TI Development and fabrication of two-color mid- and short-wavelength infrared simultaneous unipolar multispectral integrated technology focal-plane arrays SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th US Workshop on Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY OCT 03-05, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP USA CECOM Night Vis & Electr Sensors Directirate, USA SMDC, USA Res Lab, Off Naval Res, AF Res Lab, USN Electro-Opt Ctr, Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE HgCdTe; infrared detectors; two-color detectors ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; VOID DEFECTS AB We report the development and fabrication of two-color mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) and short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) HgCdTe-based focal-plane arrays (FPAs). The HgCdTe multilayers were deposited on bulk CdZnTe (ZnTe mole fraction similar to3%) using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Accurate control of layer composition and growth rate was achieved using in-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). Epilayers were evaluated using a variety of techniques to determine suitability for subsequent device processing. These techniques included Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Hall measurement, secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), defect-decoration etching, and Nomarski microscopy. The FTIR transmission measurements confirmed SE's capability to provide excellent compositional control with run-to-run x-value variations of similar to0.002. Nomarski micrographs of the as-grown surfaces featured cross-hatch patterns resulting from the substrate/epilayer lattice mismatch as well as various surface defects (voids and "microvoids"), whose densities ranged from 800-8,000 cm(-2). A major source of these surface defects was substrate particulate contamination. Epilayers grown following efforts to reduce these particulates exhibited significantly lower densities of surface defects from 800-1,700 cm(-2). Dislocation densities, as revealed by a standard defect-decoration etch, were 2-20 x 10(5) cm(-2), depending on substrate temperature during epitaxy. The FPAs (128 X 128) were fabricated from these epilayers. Preliminary performance results will be presented. C1 USA, CECOM, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. Rockwell Sci Co, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. RP Almeida, LA (reprint author), USA, CECOM, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 7 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 31 IS 7 BP 669 EP 676 DI 10.1007/s11664-002-0217-1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 574YB UT WOS:000176917000005 ER PT J AU Golding, TD Littler, CL Dinan, JH AF Golding, TD Littler, CL Dinan, JH TI A discussion on the utilization of elemental transmutation for efficient p-type doping in HgCdTe and HgCdTeSe: Approach and methodology SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th US Workshop on Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY OCT 03-05, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP USA CECOM Night Vis & Electr Sensors Directirate, USA SMDC, USA Res Lab, Off Naval Res, AF Res Lab, USN Electro-Opt Ctr, Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE HgCdTe; As; p-type doping; transmutation ID SPECTROSCOPY; HG1-XCDXTE; ALLOYS AB For p-type doping Of HgCdTe, As is preferred because of its relatively low diffusion coefficient, but it suffers from being amphoteric. In this paper, two possible techniques for incorporating As into HgCdTe that should ensure its presence only on nonmetal sites are presented and discussed. These methods are primarily based on the fact that Se can be readily incorporated into group VI sites and that Se-75 naturally decays into As-75. Because the nuclear recoils associated with this decay are too small to displace arsenic atoms, substitutional p-doping should be ensured. In addition, a methodology for accurately determining the efficiency of these doping techniques and their influence on the electrical and optical properties of the material is presented. C1 Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. USA, CECOM, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Golding, TD (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 31 IS 7 BP 705 EP 709 DI 10.1007/s11664-002-0223-3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 574YB UT WOS:000176917000011 ER PT J AU Stoltz, AJ Benson, JD Thomas, M Boyd, PR Martinka, M Dinan, JH AF Stoltz, AJ Benson, JD Thomas, M Boyd, PR Martinka, M Dinan, JH TI Development of a high-selectivity process for electron cyclotron resonance plasma etching of II-VI semiconductors SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th US Workshop on Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY OCT 03-05, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP USA CECOM Night Vis & Electr Sensors Directirate, USA SMDC, USA Res Lab, Off Naval Res, AF Res Lab, USN Electro-Opt Ctr, Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE electron cyclotron resonance (ECR); diazonaphthoquinone; novolak photoresist; CdZnTe; CdTe; HgCdTe ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CDZNTE; HETEROEPITAXY; SURFACES; CDTE AB The erosion rate of resist during electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma etching of II-VI semiconductors is the limiting factor for the selectivity (values range from 5:1 to 10: 1). We have measured the erosion rates of AZ 1529, a commercially available diazonaphthoquinone (DNQ) novolak photoresist, under plasma conditions optimized for etching of the underlying semiconductor and have developed an in-situ technique to "harden" the resist by exposing it to an argon-only ECR plasma. A subsequent standard plasma process can then be used to etch the II-VI material, thereby achieving selectivity values greater than 50:1. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. Rockwell Int Corp, Ctr Sci, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. EOIR Measurements Inc, Spotsylvania, VA 22553 USA. RP Stoltz, AJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 31 IS 7 BP 749 EP 753 DI 10.1007/s11664-002-0231-3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 574YB UT WOS:000176917000019 ER PT J AU Benson, JD Stoltz, AJ Kaleczyc, AW Martinka, M Almeida, LA Boyd, PR Dinan, JH AF Benson, JD Stoltz, AJ Kaleczyc, AW Martinka, M Almeida, LA Boyd, PR Dinan, JH TI Effect of photoresist-feature geometry on electron-cyclotron resonance plasma-etch reticulation of HgCdTe diodes SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th US Workshop on Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY OCT 03-05, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP USA CECOM Night Vis & Electr Sensors Directirate, USA SMDC, USA Res Lab, Off Naval Res, AF Res Lab, USN Electro-Opt Ctr, Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE sidewall-aspect ratio; electron-cyclotron resonance; CdZnTe; HgCdTe; isolation trench ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CDZNTE; DETECTORS; CH4/H-2/AR; SURFACES; GROWTH; ARRAYS; CDTE AB The factors that affect the trench width and aspect ratio in electron-cyclotron resonance (ECR) etched HgCdTe and CdTe are investigated. The ECR etch bias and anisotropy are found to be predominately determined by the photoresist feature-erosion rate. The physical characteristics of the trenches are attributed to ECR plasma-etch chemistry. A method for fabricating high aspect-ratio, HgCdTe isolation trenches is demonstrated through a combination of advanced photolithography and ECR etching. C1 EOIR Measurements Inc, Spotsylvania, VA 22553 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. RP Benson, JD (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 31 IS 7 BP 822 EP 826 DI 10.1007/s11664-002-0244-y PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 574YB UT WOS:000176917000032 ER PT J AU Christopher, FL Lane, MJ Ward, JA Morgan, JA AF Christopher, FL Lane, MJ Ward, JA Morgan, JA TI Unenhanced helical CT scanning of the abdomen and pelvis changes disposition of patients presenting to the emergency department with possible acute appendicitis SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE appendicitis; computed tomography; CT scan; diagnosis; disposition ID SUSPECTED ACUTE APPENDICITIS; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; PROSPECTIVE TRIAL; ABDOMINAL-PAIN; DIAGNOSIS; APPENDECTOMY; IMPACT; SURGERY; DELAY; COST AB This study sought to determine if obtaining an unenhanced abdominopelvic computed tomography (UHCT) scan alters the disposition of patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis. A convenience sample of 101 patients presenting with a clinical picture suggestive of appendicitis were prospectively enrolled. Emergency physicians (EPs) and general surgeons independently recorded their anticipated disposition of each patient as: discharge, admit for observation, or admit for appendectomy. A UHCT scan was then obtained and the patient's ultimate disposition recorded. EPs altered their dispositions after UHCT scanning in 35 patients (34.7%, 95% CI 25.4% to 44.0%), and general surgeons altered their dispositions in 27 patients (26.7%, 95% CI 18.1% to 35.3%). More patients underwent operative intervention than were originally selected by EPs [14 additional patients, (13.9%, 95% CI 7.1% to 20.6%)] or by surgeons [20 additional patients, (19.8%, 95% CI 12.0% to 27.6%)]. CT scan revealed alternative diagnoses in 20 patients (19.8%). UHCT scanning significantly alters patient disposition, and significantly increases the number of operative interventions performed in patients with suspected appendicitis. UHCT scanning may also identify alternate pathology that clinically mimics appendicitis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. USA, Med Dept, Dept Combat Med Training, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. USA, Ctr Med, Dept Combat Med Training, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. USA, Sch Med, Dept Combat Med Training, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Christopher, FL (reprint author), Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Reilly Rd, Ft Bragg, NC 28310 USA. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 AR PII S0736-4679(02)00453-5 DI 10.1016/S0736-4679(02)00453-5 PG 7 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 592VX UT WOS:000177958500001 PM 12217464 ER PT J AU Anderson, ML Chen, ZQ Kavvas, ML Feldman, A AF Anderson, ML Chen, ZQ Kavvas, ML Feldman, A TI Coupling HEC-HMS with atmospheric models for prediction of watershed runoff SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE runoff forecasting; watersheds; California ID FLOOD; SIMULATION AB The operation of reservoirs in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California for flood control relies on forecasts of reservoir inflows. In the past, accurate forecasts of the reservoir inflows resulting from watershed runoff have been made, but only after the water has entered the main channel. During flooding events, this limits the amount of time available for the implementation of emergency management procedures. Translating precipitation forecasts into runoff forecasts can greatly improve the runoff-forecast lead time. The operational National Center for Environmental Prediction Eta model provides 48-h-ahead forecasts of precipitation in 6-h intervals in a 40 X 40 km gridded form. In this study, the mesoscale model, MM5, is used to transfer the Eta forecast data down to the appropriate space and time scales required to link the Eta model precipitation forecast results to the watershed model, HEC-HMS, for runoff prediction. An initial diagnostic study of this procedure has been performed on the Calaveras River watershed in Northern California. Initial results indicate that: (1) model parameterization choice in MM5 is necessary to refine the precipitation forecasts; (2) the method shows promise for generating 48-h-ahead forecasts of reservoir inflows; and (3) calibration of the HEC-HMS model with distributed precipitation is necessary for this methodology. This paper presents the study results along with a discussion of the methodology. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Div Res, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Anderson, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 19 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 9 U2 31 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 7 IS 4 BP 312 EP 318 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2002)7:4(312) PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 563YZ UT WOS:000176286700004 ER PT J AU Wong, HK Aufiero, BM Hedgecock, C Hafner, M Tsokos, GC AF Wong, HK Aufiero, BM Hedgecock, C Hafner, M Tsokos, GC TI Transcriptional regulation of the CTLA-4 gene in T lymphocytes SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Detroit, MI USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 119 IS 1 MA 390 BP 272 EP 272 PN 2 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 583UG UT WOS:000177428100391 ER PT J AU Wereszczak, AA Lin, HT Kirkland, TP Andrews, MJ Lee, SK AF Wereszczak, AA Lin, HT Kirkland, TP Andrews, MJ Lee, SK TI Strength and dynamic fatigue of silicon nitride at intermediate temperatures SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OXYNITRIDE GLASSES; OXIDATION; BEHAVIOR; CREEP AB The flexure strength distributions and dynamic fatigue of GS44, NT551, and NT154 silicon nitrides were determined at intermediate temperatures (less than or equal to850degreesC) in ambient air. GS44 and NT551 were fabricated by gas pressure sintering and had a larger volume fraction of secondary phase than the hot-isostatically pressed NT154. The inert characteristic strength for the GS44 and NT551 decreased with temperature while that for the NT154 was statistically independent of temperature. The slow crack growth exponent, N, for the GS44 and NT551 exhibited a 70-80% decrease between 700 and 850degreesC while the strength of NT154 was comparatively independent of stressing rate at 850degreesC. Associated with those changes in mechanical performances, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) for the GS44 and NT551 sharply increased between 700 and 850degreesC while that for the NT154 did not. Although the observed change in CTE (and the temperature range where it occurred) did not have any obvious correlation with a change in inert strength at these intermediate temperatures, its presence was an indicator of a threshold temperature where dynamic fatigue resistance was compromised if the temperature exceeded it. The change in material state (and the associated temperature region for which it occurs) is linked to the equilibrium state of the secondary phase in the silicon nitride. (C) 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Caterpillar Inc, Peoria, IL 61656 USA. RP Wereszczak, AA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 37 IS 13 BP 2669 EP 2684 DI 10.1023/A:1015860831290 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 560UL UT WOS:000176099700008 ER PT J AU Blow, JA Turell, MJ Walker, ED Silverman, AL AF Blow, JA Turell, MJ Walker, ED Silverman, AL TI Post-bloodmeal diuretic shedding of hepatitis B virus by mosquitoes (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B virus; mosquitoes; polymerase chain reaction ID CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; TRANSMISSION; ANTIGEN AB Persistence and diuretic shedding of hepatitis B virus (HBV) by mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) was studied by using infectious blood feedings, intrathoracic inoculations, and detection of virus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern hybridization. Results showed that both Anopheles stephensi Liston and Ochlerotatus triseriatus (Say) shed HBV during diuresis for up to 72 h after feeding on an HBV-positive serum drawn from a human donor. HBV did not persist in the bodies of either An. stephensi or Oc. triseriatus past 72 h by infectious feeding or intrathoracic inoculation of HBV suspension. Viral dissemination did not occur by infectious feeding in An. stephensi or Oc. triseriatus, or by intrathoracic inoculation in An. stephensi, Oc. triseriatus, or Culex quinquefasciatus Say. These results suggest that HBV could be transmitted to humans by a stercorarian route, especially if mosquitoes that fed on an HBV-positive human are interrupted during feeding and move to another person to resume feeding. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Dept Vector Assessment, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Blow, JA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Dept Vector Assessment, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 39 IS 4 BP 605 EP 612 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 600CA UT WOS:000178372000008 PM 12144291 ER PT J AU Sardelis, MR Turell, MJ Andre, ARG AF Sardelis, MR Turell, MJ Andre, ARG TI Laboratory transmission of La Crosse virus by Ochlerotatus j. japonicus (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ochlerotatus j. japonicus; La Crosse virus; vector competence ID VALLEY FEVER VIRUS; AEDES-TRISERIATUS; VECTOR COMPETENCE; CULEX-PIPIENS; UNITED-STATES; MOSQUITOS; ENCEPHALITIS; DISSEMINATION; ALBOPICTUS AB Ochlerotatus j. japonicus, a recent introduction to the United States, was studied to determine its capability to serve as a vector of La Crosse (LAC) virus. A field-collected population of Ochlerotatus triseriatus, the primary vector of LAC virus, was similarly tested for comparison. After Oc. j. japonicus ingested virus from hamsters with viremias of 10(3.6-5.4) plaque-forming units (PFU) / ml of blood, its estimated transmission rates were 35-88%. These rates were slightly lower than, though similar to, those for Oc. triseriatus, 75-100%. Viral titers in Oc. j. japonicus peaked at approximate to10(5.5) PFU/ mosquito about 7 d after ingesting a blood meal in which the concentration of LAC virus was 10(5.4) PFU/ml of blood; virus had disseminated from the midgut in 100% (8/8) of these specimens. These data, combined with the close association between the habitats of Oc. j. japonicus and Oc. triseriatus and the reported expansion of the range of this newly discovered species in the eastern United States, indicate that Oc. j. japonicus could function as an additional vector of LAC virus. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Unit 64109, APO, AE 09831 USA. RP Sardelis, MR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Unit 64109, APO, AE 09831 USA. NR 23 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 16 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 39 IS 4 BP 635 EP 639 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 600CA UT WOS:000178372000012 PM 12144295 ER PT J AU Dohm, DJ Sardelis, MR Turell, MJ AF Dohm, DJ Sardelis, MR Turell, MJ TI Experimental vertical transmission of West Nile virus by Culex pipiens (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; Cidex pipiens; vertical transmission ID TRANS-OVARIAL TRANSMISSION; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; VECTOR COMPETENCE; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; DENGUE VIRUSES; FEVER VIRUS; MOSQUITOS; INFECTION; JAPONICUS; DORSALIS AB Despite the detection of West Nile (WN) virus in overwintering Culex pipiens L. in New York in February 2000, the mechanism by which this virus persists throughout the winter to initiate infections in vertebrate hosts and vectors the following spring remains unknown. After a blood meal, parous mosquitoes generally do not survive until spring and gonotrophic dissociation occurs in only a small percentage of the population. To investigate vertical transmission as a means of viral survival during interepizootics, we intrathoracically inoculated Cx. pipiens and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) with WN virus and subsequently tested their F, progeny for the presence of virus. Among the Cx. pipiens, we recovered virus from two of 1,417 adult progeny that bad been reared at 18degreesC for a minimal filial infection rate (MFIR) of approximate to1.4/1,000 and four of 1,873 adult progeny reared at 26degreesC (MFIR = 2.1/1,000). The mean titer of the positive pools was 10(5.6) plaque-forming units (PFU)/mI (=10(5.9) PFU/ mosquito for positive mosquitoes) of virus. Overall, the MFIR was approximate to1.8/ 1,000 for Cx. pipiens. Although reports indicate that Ae. albopictus vertically transmit various viruses in the Japanese encephalitis virus complex, we did not detect WN virus in any of > 13,000 F1 progeny of WN virus-inoculated specimens. Female Cx. pipiens that are vertically infected during the late summer season and then survive the winter could serve as a source of WN virus to initiate an infection cycle the following spring. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Dohm, DJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 43 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 14 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 39 IS 4 BP 640 EP 644 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 600CA UT WOS:000178372000013 PM 12144296 ER PT J AU Doughty, RA AF Doughty, RA TI The French Army, 1939-1940. Organization: Order of battle: Operational history, volume 1 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Doughty, RA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 BP 884 EP 884 DI 10.2307/3093408 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 568CC UT WOS:000176524000054 ER PT J AU Bujnicki, JM Leach, RA Debski, J Rychlewski, L AF Bujnicki, JM Leach, RA Debski, J Rychlewski, L TI Bioinformatic analyses of the tRNA: (guanine 26, N-2,N-2)-dimethyltransferase (Trm1) family SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA METHYLTRANSFERASE; UPSTREAM AUG CODON; SEQUENCE MOTIFS; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; AMINO-METHYLTRANSFERASES; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; MITOCHONDRIAL IMPORT; PYROCOCCUS-FURIOSUS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; FOLD RECOGNITION AB Functional analyses of the tRNA:(guanine 26, N-2, N-2)-dimethyltransferase (Trm1) have been hampered by a lack of structural information about the enzyme and by low sequence similarity to better studied methyltransferases. Here we used computational methods to detect novel homologs of Trm1, infer the evolutionary relationships of the family, and predict the structure of the Trm1 methyltransferase. The N-terminal region of the protein is predicted to form an S-adenosylmethionine-binding domain, which harbors the active site. The C-terminal region is rich in predicted alpha-helices and, in analogy to other nucleic acid methyltransferases, may constitute the target recognition domain of the enzyme. Interposing these two domains, most Trm1 homologs possess a highly variable inserted sequence that is delimited by a Cys(4) cluster, likely forming a Zn-finger structure. The residues of Trm1 predicted to participate in cofactor binding, target recognition, and catalysis, were mapped onto a preliminary structural model, providing a platform for designing new experiments to better understand the molecular functions of this protein family. In addition, identification of novel, atypical Trm1 homologs suggests candidates for cloning and biochemical characterization. C1 Int Inst Mol & Cell Biol, Bioinformat Lab, PL-02109 Warsaw, Poland. BioInfoBank Inst, PL-60744 Poznan, Poland. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bujnicki, JM (reprint author), Int Inst Mol & Cell Biol, Bioinformat Lab, Ul Ks Trojdena 4, PL-02109 Warsaw, Poland. RI Debski, Janusz/D-8138-2015 OI Debski, Janusz/0000-0002-0171-7797 NR 71 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1464-1801 J9 J MOL MICROB BIOTECH JI J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 4 IS 4 BP 405 EP 415 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 572LL UT WOS:000176776100007 PM 12125821 ER PT J AU Hemman, EA AF Hemman, EA TI Creating Healthcare cultures of patient safety SO JOURNAL OF NURSING ADMINISTRATION LA English DT Article AB With the release of the Institute of Medicine's report on patient safety, a national agenda was set to rebuild the public's trust and create cultures of safety within all healthcare organizations. This vision of improvement is driving changes in healthcare organizations, educational institutions, and regulatory agencies to remove the blame and improve their systems. Understanding historical events, strategies for organization change, and current patient safety initiatives will assist nursing leaders to become active participants at the local, state, and national level as cultures are changed and solutions are developed to prevent patient injuries. C1 USA, Madigan Army Med Ctr, Nursing Res Serv, Nurse Corps, Steilacoom, WA 98388 USA. RP Hemman, EA (reprint author), USA, Madigan Army Med Ctr, Nursing Res Serv, Nurse Corps, POB 88307, Steilacoom, WA 98388 USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0002-0443 J9 J NURS ADMIN JI J. Nurs. Adm. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 32 IS 7-8 BP 419 EP 427 DI 10.1097/00005110-200207000-00010 PG 9 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 585RV UT WOS:000177539100010 PM 12177563 ER PT J AU Tis, JE Meffert, RH Inoue, N McCarthy, EF Machen, MS McHale, KA Chao, EYS AF Tis, JE Meffert, RH Inoue, N McCarthy, EF Machen, MS McHale, KA Chao, EYS TI The effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound applied to rabbit tibiae during the consolidation phase of distraction osteogenesis SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE low intensity pulsed ultrasound; distraction osteogenesis; rabbit model; regeneration bone consolidation; bone stimulation ID FRACTURE MODEL; EXPOSURE; CALLUS; GROWTH AB The purpose of this study was to determine if low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPU) accelerated the maturation of regenerate bone when applied after distraction in a rabbit model. A mid-tibial osteotomy was performed in 26 New Zealand white rabbits and an external fixator applied anteromedially. After a seven day latency period. the tibiae were distracted 0.5 mm every 12 It for 10 days. Thirteen of the rabbits received LIPU for 20 min/day (treatment group) and 13 received sham LIPU (control group) from day 17 until sacrifice oil day 37. Radiographs were taken weekly after distraction and the total and mineralized areas of the callus were measured. After sacrifice. dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. torsional testing to failure, and histomorphometry were performed. Ultrasound-treated tibiae were a mean of 68.8 +/- 3,8% as stiff as and 68.2 +/- 6.0% as strong as the contralateral tibiae. Control tibiae were 78.7 +/- 7.0% as stiff as and 70.2 +/- 7.9% as strong as the contralateral tibiae. The differences in stiffness and strength were not significant (p = 0.39 and 0.81. respectively) with the number of the animals tested in the study. The treatment group was 91.6% as dense as the contralateral side and the control group was as dense as the contralateral side (p = 0.84). Radiographs revealed a significantly target, callus in the LIPU-treated tibiae at 1, 2 and 3 weeks after distraction compared to control tibiae (p < 0.01, 0.008 and 0.05, respectively). Histomorphometry revealed significantly less fibrous tissue in the LIPU-treated tibiae (p < 0.05) and a strong trend towards more bone in the LIPU-treated tibiae compared to controls (p = 0.06). LIPU was found to increase the size of the distraction callus and it might alter the composition of regenerate bone but it did not have a positive effect on the mechanical properties or density of regenerate bone when applied during the consolidation phase of distraction osteogenesis. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Biomech Lab, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Chao, EYS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Biomech Lab, Ross Res Bldg,720 Rutland Ave,Room 235, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 30 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0736-0266 J9 J ORTHOPAED RES JI J. Orthop. Res. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 20 IS 4 BP 793 EP 800 AR PII S0736-0266(02)00003-7 DI 10.1016/S0736-0266(02)00003-7 PG 8 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 579RL UT WOS:000177191600021 PM 12168669 ER PT J AU Zhang, SS Jow, TR AF Zhang, SS Jow, TR TI Study of poly (acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate) as binder for graphite anode and LiMn2O4 cathode of Li-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE poly(acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate); poly(vinylidene fluoride); binder; graphite electrode; Li-ion battery ID KINETIC CHARACTERIZATION; INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS; LITHIUM INTERCALATION; CARBON ANODES; ELECTROLYTES; ELECTRODES; CELLS; MECHANISM AB We evaluated poly(acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate) (AMMA, AN/MMA = 94:6) as a binder for the graphite anode and the LiMn2O4 cathode of Li-ion batteries by studying the cycling performance of lithium half-cells. The results showed that, using AMMA binder, both graphite and LiMn2O4 could be cycled well in 1 m LiPF6 3:3:4 (weight) PC/EC/EMC electrolyte with less capacity fading. AMMA is chemically more stable than poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) against the lithiated graphite. More importantly, AMMA can help graphite to form a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film. An impedance study showed that the SEI film formed with AMMA is more stable than the one formed with PVDF. Therefore, self-delithiation of the lithiated graphite can be reduced by use of AMMA instead of PVDF, which improves the storage performance of Li-ion batteries. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, SS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110 NR 28 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 7 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 109 IS 2 BP 422 EP 426 AR PII S0378-7753(02)00107-6 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00107-6 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 572BJ UT WOS:000176753400023 ER PT J AU Zhang, SS Jow, TR AF Zhang, SS Jow, TR TI Aluminum corrosion in electrolyte of Li-ion battery SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Li-ion battery; current collector; aluminum; corrosion; Ac impedance ID NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTES; CURRENT COLLECTORS; LITHIUM; BEHAVIOR AB The effect of lithium salt and electrolyte solvent on Al corrosion in Li-ion battery electrolytes was studied by using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that, in 1:1 (w/w) ethylene carbonate (EC)/1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) solutions, the pitting potential of Al corrosion is about 3.2 V versus Li+/Li, being independent of the type of salts. However, the salt has considerable impact on Al corrosion. Among the studied Li salts, the stability of Al with respect to the oxidative potentials was found to increase in an order of CF3SO3Li < LiN(SO2CF3)(2) < LiClO4 < LiPF6 < LiBF4. We observed that a combination of two salts, such as LiPF6 and CF3SO3Li, lowers the pitting potential and aggravates Al corrosion. Addition of compounds, which contain active fluoride, such as perfluoro-l-butanesulfonyl fluoride (C4F9SO2F), into electrolytes can increase the pitting potential but cannot suppress Al corrosion. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, SS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110 NR 18 TC 105 Z9 115 U1 11 U2 79 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 109 IS 2 BP 458 EP 464 AR PII S0378-7753(02)00110-6 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00110-6 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 572BJ UT WOS:000176753400029 ER PT J AU Lang, NM AF Lang, NM TI Health care: A casualty of competing concerns or priority for 2002 SO JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USA, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Lang, NM (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, 420 Guardian Dr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 8755-7223 J9 J PROF NURS JI J. Prof. Nurs. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 186 EP 186 DI 10.1053/jpnu.2002.126841 PG 1 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 596WH UT WOS:000178189100003 PM 12244534 ER PT J AU Etzkorn, LH Gholston, S Hughes, WE AF Etzkorn, LH Gholston, S Hughes, WE TI A semantic entropy metric SO JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE AND EVOLUTION-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE object-oriented metrics; knowledge-based systems; program understanding; domain content; metric validation; syntactic complexity measures ID OBJECT-ORIENTED DESIGN; SOFTWARE COMPLEXITY; SUITE; COHESION; QUALITY; CODE AB This paper presents a new semantically-based metric for object-oriented systems, called the Semantic Class Definition Entropy (SCDE) metric, which examines the implementation domain content of a class to measure class complexity. The domain content is determined using a knowledge-based program understanding system. The metric's examination of the domain content of a class provides a more direct mapping between the metric and common human complexity analysis than is possible with traditional complexity measures based on syntactic aspects (software aspects related to the format of the code). Additionally, this metric represents a true design metric that can measure complexity early in the life cycles of software maintenance and software development. The SCDE metric is correlated with analyses from a human expert team, and is also compared to syntactic complexity measures. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons,Ltd. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Comp Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Etzkorn, LH (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Comp Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1532-060X J9 J SOFTW MAINT EVOL-R JI J. Softw. Maint. Evol.-Res. Pract. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 14 IS 4 BP 293 EP 310 DI 10.1002/smr.255 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 595ZW UT WOS:000178139000003 ER PT J AU Mikhail, AG Heavey, KR AF Mikhail, AG Heavey, KR TI Sabot opening lift force: Analysis, computation, and test SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 10-15, 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronatu & Astronaut C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons Technol & Mat Res Directorate, Ballist & Weapons Concepts Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Mikhail, AG (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons Technol & Mat Res Directorate, Ballist & Weapons Concepts Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 39 IS 4 BP 633 EP 636 DI 10.2514/2.3854 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 584RA UT WOS:000177480800021 ER PT J AU Grant, KW AF Grant, KW TI Measures of auditory-visual integration for speech understanding: A theoretical perspective SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter ID RECOGNITION; SENTENCES AB Recent studies of auditory-visual integration have reached diametrically opposed conclusions as to whether individuals differ in their ability to integrate auditory and visual speech cues. A study by Massaro and Cohen [J. Acoust. Soc, Am. 108(2), 784-789 (2000)] reported that individuals are essentiaily equivalent in their ability to integrate auditory and visual speech information, whereas a study by Grant and Seitz [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 104(4), 2438-2450 (1998)] reported substantial variability across subjects in auditory-visual integration for both sentences and nonsense syllables. This letter discusses issues related to the measurement of auditory-visual integration and modeling efforts employed to separate information extraction from information processing. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Grant, KW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC 00792] NR 10 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 112 IS 1 BP 30 EP 33 DI 10.1121/1.1482076 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 573FR UT WOS:000176819100003 PM 12141356 ER PT J AU Cuenin, M AF Cuenin, M TI Consistent results SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Periodon Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Cuenin, M (reprint author), USA, Periodon Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 133 IS 7 BP 810 EP 810 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 575PN UT WOS:000176956800006 PM 12148671 ER PT J AU Everett, RA Newman, JC Phillips, EP AF Everett, RA Newman, JC Phillips, EP TI The effects of a machining-like scratch on the fatigue life of 4340 steel SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of a machine-like scratch on the fatigue life of 4340 steel, heat treated to an ultimate strength of 210 ksi. To accomplish this, constant amplitude fatigue tests were conducted on unnotched specimens with and without a 0.002 inch deep machining scratch on the specimen surfaces. Specimens were also tested that had been shot peened after the scratch was put on the specimen surfaces to determine if the compressive residual stresses from the shot peening would negate any possible effect the scratch might have on fatigue life. An analysis based on small-crack fracture mechanics was evaluated in its ability to predict the total fatigue life of the tests with and without the machine-like scratch. C1 USA, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Res Lab,Vehicle technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23684 USA. RP Everett, RA (reprint author), USA, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Res Lab,Vehicle technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23684 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 47 IS 3 BP 151 EP 155 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 576GP UT WOS:000176995400001 ER PT J AU Fasanella, EL Jackson, KE Lyle, KH AF Fasanella, EL Jackson, KE Lyle, KH TI Finite element simulation of a full-scale crash test of a composite helicopter SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB A finite element model of the Sikorsky Advanced Composite Airframe Program (ACAP) helicopter was developed using the nonlinear, explicit transient dynamic code, MSC.Dytran. Analytical predictions were correlated with experimental data obtained from a full-scale crash test of the Sikorsky ACAP helicopter flight test article that was conducted at the Impact Dynamics Research Facility of NASA Langley Research Center. The helicopter was impacted at 38 ft/s vertical and 32.5 ft/s forward velocity with an attitude of 6.25 nose-up pitch and 3.5 left-down roll. The objective of the crash simulation was to evaluate the capabilities of a commercially available transient dynamic analysis code in predicting the response of a composite airframe subjected to impact loading. The model was developed from an existing MSC.Nastran modal-vibration model of the helicopter. Considerable modifications were made in converting the original modal-vibration model to a model for crash simulation. Following conversion of the model, a two-stage modeling approach was used to generate analytical predictions. Because of the relatively long pulse duration, a rigid structural model containing a fairly complex landing gear model was executed from initial contact through landing gear stroke. Prior to fuselage contact, the nodal displacements and velocities were output to a file. Then, a flexible structural model was executed with the nodal displacements and velocities used as initial conditions. This paper describes the development of the finite element crash model, the two-stage modeling approach, and the correlation of the analytical predictions with the experimental data from the full-scale crash test of the ACAP helicopter. C1 USA, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Fasanella, EL (reprint author), USA, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 47 IS 3 BP 156 EP 168 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 576GP UT WOS:000176995400002 ER PT J AU Brackbill, CR Smith, EC Lesieutre, GA AF Brackbill, CR Smith, EC Lesieutre, GA TI Application of a refined time domain elastomeric damper model to helicopter rotor aeroelastic response and stability SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB A new nonlinear time domain elastomeric damper model is developed for use with helicopter rotor analyses. In hover, the new model exhibits significant low amplitude nonlinearity that is similar to behavior observed in elastomer material coupon bench tests. As the damper amplitude decreases, the lag frequency increases by 60% while the damping decreases by 85%. In forward flight, the model predicts a decrease in damping of approximately 50% due to "dual-frequency" motion. Previous experiments indicate that these predicted trends are accurate and necessary for elastomeric damper modeling. The new damper model also accurately predicts time domain damper loads. As such, it represents an improvement over both traditional complex modulus models and first generation time domain models. Finally, owing to its compact form, accuracy, and straightforward solution procedure, the coupled rotor-damper model is shown to be a useful tool for preliminary rotor-damper design. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Rotorcraft Ctr Excellence, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Brackbill, CR (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. RI Lesieutre, George/E-6632-2011 OI Lesieutre, George/0000-0003-4547-5379 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 47 IS 3 BP 186 EP 197 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 576GP UT WOS:000176995400005 ER PT J AU Kvaternik, RG Piatak, DJ Nixon, MW Langston, CW Singleton, JD Bennett, RL Brown, RK AF Kvaternik, RG Piatak, DJ Nixon, MW Langston, CW Singleton, JD Bennett, RL Brown, RK TI An experimental evaluation of Generalized Predictive Control for Tiltrotor aeroelastic stability augmentation in airplane mode of flight SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The results of a joint NASA/Army/Bell Helicopter Textron wind-tunnel test to assess the potential of Generalized Predictive Control (GPC) for actively controlling the swashplate of tiltrotor aircraft to enhance aeroelastic stability in the airplane mode of flight are presented. GPC is an adaptive time-domain predictive control method that uses a linear difference equation to describe the input-output relationship of the system and to design the controller. The test was conducted in the Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel using an unpowered 1/5-scale semispan aeroelastic model of the V-22 that was modified to incorporate a GPC-based multi-input multi-output control algorithm to individually control each of the three swashplate actuators. Wing responses were used for feedback. The GPC-based control system was highly effective in increasing the stability of the critical wing mode for all of the conditions tested, without measurable degradation of the damping in the other modes. The algorithm was also robust with respect to its performance in adjusting to rapid changes in both the rotor speed and the tunnel airspeed. C1 USA, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. Bell Helicopter Textron, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Kvaternik, RG (reprint author), USA, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 47 IS 3 BP 198 EP 208 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 576GP UT WOS:000176995400006 ER PT J AU Schulein, GJ Tischler, MB Mansur, MH Rosen, A AF Schulein, GJ Tischler, MB Mansur, MH Rosen, A TI Technical note validation of cross-coupling modeling improvements for UH-60 flight mechanics simulations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; DYNAMICS C1 San Jose State Univ, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. USA, Aeroflightdynam Directorate, AMCOM, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Raytheon ITSS, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Schulein, GJ (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 47 IS 3 BP 209 EP 213 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 576GP UT WOS:000176995400007 ER PT J AU Xu, K Angell, CA AF Xu, K Angell, CA TI Sulfone-based electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STABILITY AB A series of cyclic or acyclic sulfones have been synthesized and evaluated as electrolyte solvents for lithium (ion) batteries. This report summarizes the physical and electrochemical properties of these new compounds. It is found that, while the anodic stability of these solvents is independent of the sulfone structure, i.e., no oxidative decomposition is observed before 5.5 V vs. Li in any sulfone, the structure of their alkyl substituents dictates their compatibility with graphitic anodes. In the most favorable cases, this compatibility is comparable with that found with carbonate-based electrolytes. Fluorination of alkyl groups in the sulfone seems to help in forming a stable solid electrolyte interface on the anode, while also improving the conductivity. Initial tests of these cells containing such electrolyte solvents show promising performance. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Xu, K (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, Sensor & Elect Device Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Xu, Kang/C-6054-2013 NR 15 TC 103 Z9 108 U1 4 U2 53 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 149 IS 7 BP A920 EP A926 DI 10.1149/1.1483866 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 563JB UT WOS:000176251600021 ER PT J AU Brams, SJ Jones, MA Kilgour, DM AF Brams, SJ Jones, MA Kilgour, DM TI Single-peakedness and disconnected coalitions SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL POLITICS LA English DT Article DE coalition formation; dynamic process; perceptions; single-peakedness; strange bedfellows ID PREFERENCES AB Ordinally single-peaked preferences are distinguished from cardinally single-peaked preferences, in which all players have a similar perception of distances in some one-dimensional ordering. While ordinal single-peakedness can lead to disconnected coalitions that have a 'hole' in the ordering, cardinal single-peakedness precludes this possibility, based on two models of coalition formation: . Fallback (FB): Players seek coalition partners by descending lower and lower in their preference rankings until a majority coalition forms. . Build-Up (BU): Similar to FB, except that when non-majority subcoalitions form, they fuse into composite players, whose positions are defined cardinally. The 'strange bedfellows' frequently observed in legislative coalitions and military alliances suggest that even when players agree on, say, a left-right ordering, their perceptions of exactly where players stand in this ordering may differ substantially. If so, a player may be acceptable to a coalition but may not find every member in it acceptable, causing that player not to join and possibly creating a disconnected coalition. C1 NYU, Dept Polit, New York, NY 10003 USA. Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Loyola Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Math, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. RP Brams, SJ (reprint author), NYU, Dept Polit, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0951-6298 J9 J THEOR POLIT JI J. Theor. Polit. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 BP 359 EP 383 AR UNSP 0951-6928[2002/07]14:3;359-383;023950 DI 10.1177/095169280201400304 PG 25 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 579FJ UT WOS:000177167700004 ER PT J AU Edmond, CV AF Edmond, CV TI Impact of the endoscopic sinus surgical simulator on operating room performance SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article DE simulator; endoscopic sinus surgery; transfer of training; validation; surgical competency AB Objectives/Hypothesis. The aim of this study is to evaluate an endoscopic sinus surgical simulator (ESS) as a training device and to introduce a methodology to assess its impact on actual operating room performance. Study Design: Prospective evaluation of the endoscopic sinus surgical simulator as a trainer. Methods. Ten junior and senior ear, nose and throat residents served as subjects, some of whom had prior training with the simulator. The evaluation team collected several measures, which were analyzed for a statistical correlation, including simulator scores, operating room performance rating, ratings of videotaped operating room procedures, and surgical competency rating. Results. These findings suggest the ESS simulator positively affects initial operating room performance across all measures as judged by senior surgeons rating anonymous videotapes of those procedures. The two simulation-trained residents were rated consistently better than the other two residents across all measures. These differences approached statistical significance for two items: anterior ethmoidectomy (P = .06; P < .05) and surgical confidence (P = .09; P < .05). In addition, the 3 subjects with the highest overall scores on the competency evaluation also had 3 of the 4 highest cumulative simulation times. Conclusions: The endoscopic sinus surgical simulator is a valid training device and appears to positively impact operating room performance among junior otolaryngology residents. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Edmond, CV (reprint author), 968 S Jackson, Tacoma, WA 98465 USA. EM cedmond@sprynet.com NR 4 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD JUL PY 2002 VL 112 IS 7 BP 1148 EP 1158 DI 10.1097/00005537-200207000-00002 PN 1 PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 581UQ UT WOS:000177312400002 PM 12169890 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI Firestorm at Peshtigo: A town, its people, and the deadliest fire in American history. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 127 IS 12 BP 96 EP 96 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 572UB UT WOS:000176792400160 ER PT J AU Trillo, EA Esquivel, EV Murr, LE Magness, LS AF Trillo, EA Esquivel, EV Murr, LE Magness, LS TI Dynamic recrystallization-induced flow phenomena in tungsten-tantalum (4%) [001] single-crystal rod ballistic penetrators SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article DE tungsten-tantalum penetrator; microstructure; dynamic recrystallization; TEM; SAED ID STRAIN-RATE DEFORMATION; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; SHEAR LOCALIZATION; SHAPED CHARGES; COPPER; MICROSTRUCTURES; IMPACT; TA AB Deformation-flow microstructures associated with [001] W-4% Ta penetrator fragments in a rolled homogeneous steel an-nor target exhibit dynamic recrystallization. The equiaxed, recrystallized grain structure observed in the deformed penetrator is also associated with soft zones in corresponding microhardness maps. Microstructure evolution is also examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Met & Mat Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Murr, LE (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Met & Mat Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM fekberg@utep.edu OI Murr, Lawrence/0000-0001-5942-8376 NR 38 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-5803 EI 1873-4189 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 48 IS 5 BP 407 EP 421 AR PII S1044-5803(02)00322-4 DI 10.1016/S1044-5803(02)00322-4 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 620GY UT WOS:000179526700006 ER PT J AU Brownlee, DE Joswiak, DJ Kress, ME Matrajt, G Taylor, S Bradley, J AF Brownlee, DE Joswiak, DJ Kress, ME Matrajt, G Taylor, S Bradley, J TI Carbonaceous matter in microgram and nanogram meteoroids. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 37 IS 7 SU S BP A26 EP A26 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 581CZ UT WOS:000177274700036 ER PT J AU Delaney, JS Herzog, GF Ma, P Alexander, CMO Taylor, S AF Delaney, JS Herzog, GF Ma, P Alexander, CMO Taylor, S TI The fate of metal ejected from stony cosmic spherules: Low chrome on the range. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION C1 Dept Geol Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20001 USA. CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 37 IS 7 SU S BP A41 EP A41 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 581CZ UT WOS:000177274700066 ER PT J AU Mark, DD AF Mark, DD TI Primary care outcomes and provider practice styles - Response SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Mark, DD (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 167 IS 7 BP V EP V PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DX UT WOS:000181420900003 ER PT J AU Buckingham, RS Whitwell, K Cornforth, L Lee, RB AF Buckingham, RS Whitwell, K Cornforth, L Lee, RB TI Vision readiness in operation restore hope SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AIR-FORCE AB Ensuring that our forces are vision ready for their mission is essential on today's battlefield. Vision readiness considers optical readiness (appropriate correcting eyewear) and visual readiness (adequate job-required visual acuity). A study of vision readiness among deploying personnel for Operation Restore Hope in Bosnia from December 1995 to September 1997 was conducted at Fort Benning, Georgia. Of the 10,063 personnel screened, 3,554 (35.3%) were not optically ready for deployment and 406 (4.0%) were not visually ready for deployment. Analyses indicated a statistically significant difference between the active duty and reserve components in optical and visual readiness. A more effective vision readiness process should be implemented before deployment to ensure that all personnel are deployment ready. Optometry personnel, commanders, and deploying soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines must take a more active role in ensuring that our forces have the appropriate visual acuity and optical devices to deploy. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, ATTN MCHB TS CVR, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Buckingham, RS (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, ATTN MCHB TS CVR, Bldg 1570,Stark Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 167 IS 7 BP 532 EP 536 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DX UT WOS:000181420900005 PM 12125842 ER PT J AU Liu, M Engel, CC Cowan, D McCarroll, JE AF Liu, M Engel, CC Cowan, D McCarroll, JE TI Using general population data to project idiopathic physical symptoms in the US Army SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VALIDITY; WAR AB Many personnel deployed to the 1991 Persian Gulf War complained of symptoms that sometimes remained unexplained after comprehensive clinical examinations. We used existing population-based data from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area survey to estimate the expected incidence, prevalence, resolution, and mortality for multiple idiopathic physical symptoms (MIPS) among Army active duty personnel. Multinomial logistic regression was used to model the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and the distribution of MIPS in U.S. workers. We used logit coefficients and known sociodemographic characteristics of U.S. Army active duty personnel to predict MIPS status in the Army. High, medium, and low estimates of MIPS incidence, prevalence, resolution, and MIPS-related mortality were obtained by altering logit intercepts. Among workers, the estimated MIPS prevalence and annual incidence, resolution, and mortality were 4.62%, 2.11%, 63.85%, and 0.26%, respectively. In contrast, the same predicted rates among Army active duty personnel were 3.89%, 1.64%, 71.33%, and 0.15%. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Deployment Hlth Clin Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Liu, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Deployment Hlth Clin Ctr, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 167 IS 7 BP 576 EP 580 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DX UT WOS:000181420900014 ER PT J AU Knapik, JJ McCollam, R Canham-Chervak, M Hoedebecke, E Arnold, S Craig, S Barko, W AF Knapik, JJ McCollam, R Canham-Chervak, M Hoedebecke, E Arnold, S Craig, S Barko, W TI Injuries and injury prevention among senior military officers at the Army War College SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SCHOOL BASKETBALL; DISEASE RISK-FACTORS; SOFTBALL INJURIES; PHYSICAL-FITNESS; RUNNING INJURIES; ANKLE SPRAINS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; COMMON INJURIES; SOCCER PLAYERS; A BEHAVIOR AB Injuries and activities associated with injuries were extracted from a retrospective review of the medical records of officers attending the U.S. Army War College during academic years 1999 and 2000 (AY99 and AY00). In AY99, cumulative injury incidence (officers with one or more injuries) was 56%. The next year (AY00), there was command emphasis on injury reduction and education of students on injury prevention strategies. Cumulative injury incidence in AY00 was 44%, significantly lower than in AY99 (p = 0.01, risk ratio [AY99/AY00] = 1.3, 95% confidence interval = 1.1-1.5). Among activities that could be linked to injuries, sports were associated with 41% in AY99 and 45% in AY00. Recommendations for ongoing injury reduction include the following: (1) continued command emphasis and instruction on injury reduction techniques; (2) encouraging the use of semirigid ankle braces to reduce ankle sprains; (3) reducing the number of practice and game sessions in sports activities; (4) encouraging overrunning of second and third base in softball; (5) prohibiting contact with the center line below the net in volleyball; and (6) encouraging medical care providers to record the activity associated with each injury in the medical records. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. USA, War Coll, Phys Fitness Res Inst, Carlisle, PA USA. RP Knapik, JJ (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 54 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 167 IS 7 BP 593 EP 599 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DX UT WOS:000181420900018 PM 12125855 ER PT J AU Lechner, BL Baker, JA Chastain, DO Cuda, SE Lynch, J AF Lechner, BL Baker, JA Chastain, DO Cuda, SE Lynch, J TI The prevalence of asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis in military dependent adolescents SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Uniformed Services Pediatric Seminar CY MAR 04-07, 2001 CL LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY ID LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; DNA AMPLIFICATION ASSAYS; FAMILY-PLANNING CLINICS; FIRST-VOID URINE; INFECTIONS; RECRUITS; WOMEN AB Chlamydia trachomatis infection is common among sexually active populations and often asymptomatic. Infection is associated with complications, including pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. Using a noninvasive urine ligase chain reaction assay, we determined the prevalence of asymptomatic C. trachomatis infection among sexually active military dependent adolescents and young adults attending clinics at military facilities in San Antonio. The overall prevalence rate was 14%, higher than that reported in many high-risk settings, including sexually transmitted disease clinics. Gender-specific rates were 15% for females and 11% for males. Given a clear cost benefit to screening and treating at-risk populations, we conclude that screening of all sexually active military dependents, both male and female, using this noninvasive test should be performed routinely. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Lechner, BL (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 167 IS 7 BP 600 EP 601 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DX UT WOS:000181420900019 PM 12125856 ER PT J AU Richard, LS Huffman, AH AF Richard, LS Huffman, AH TI The impact of commuter war on military personnel SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Background: The U.S. armed forces recently experienced a reduction in forces along with an increase in operational tempo. The Air Force and other branches supporting its mission share this common military burden and also experience a unique stressor. The Air Force has developed a military force that can fight by night and return home by day. The relatively new phenomenon of "commuter war" was especially evident during Operation Allied Force over Kosovo. Methods: Military personnel (N = 540) participating in Operation Allied Force were administered a survey measuring morale, wellness behaviors, and work-family conflict. Results: The deployment had adverse effects on wellness behaviors of permanent party and temporary duty assignment populations. Additionally, levels of morale and motivation varied between the two groups. Permanent party personnel also reported increased rates of work-family conflict. Conclusions: Commuter war affects wellness behaviors, morale, and work-family conflicts of military personnel. C1 Air Command & Staff Coll, DEC, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. USA, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Med Res Unit Europe, CMR 442, APO, AE 09042 USA. RP Richard, LS (reprint author), Air Command & Staff Coll, DEC, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. RI Dopko, Rae/J-7437-2015 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 167 IS 7 BP 602 EP 605 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DX UT WOS:000181420900020 PM 12125857 ER PT J AU Argyros, G Cassimatis, DC AF Argyros, G Cassimatis, DC TI A 55-year-old mechanically ventilated male requiring aeromedical evacuation SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; TRANSPORT AB Objective: To present a case that illustrates the problems unique to transporting a mechanically ventilated patient by air. A 55-year-old mechanically ventilated male with Guillain-Barre Syndrome, a condition with respiratory effects often similar to those of traumatic brain injury, required air transport from Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, DC, to a hospital in Nevada. A medical team, including one physician, one nurse, and one respiratory therapist, accompanied the patient. This team was not trained in air travel and its unique risks. To complete the mission they had to rapidly familiarize themselves with the specific risks of air travel and the precautions that should be taken. This case is presented to illustrate these risks and what can be done during flight to minimize them. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Cassimatis, DC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, 6900 Georgia Ave NW,Bldg 2,Room 2J05, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 167 IS 7 BP 606 EP 609 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DX UT WOS:000181420900021 PM 12125858 ER PT J AU Fried, M Duffy, PE AF Fried, M Duffy, PE TI Two DBL gamma subtypes are commonly expressed by placental isolates of Plasmodium falciparum SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; placenta; erythrocyte; antigenic variation; adhesion; transcription ID CHONDROITIN SULFATE-A; ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANE PROTEIN-1; INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; PREGNANT-WOMEN; DOMAINS; MALARIA; PARASITES; ADHESION; ANTIBODIES AB Adhesion to chondroitin sulfate A (CSA), a distinguishing feature of malaria parasites obtained from the human placenta, might be mediated by the Duffy-binding-like (DBL) gamma domain of the variant surface antigen Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein-1 (PfEMP1). We studied transcription of var genes (that encode PfEMP1) in placental parasites by amplifying and sequencing DBLgamma fragments from genomic DNA and cDNA of Field isolates collected in western Kenya. We amplified DBLgamma fragments with divergent sequences from individual isolates by using various sequence-specific or degenerate primers. Transcripts detected with degenerate primers clustered phylogenetically within two DBLgamma subtypes with homology to chr5_l.gen_150 or FCR3.varCSA. Interestingly, the DBLalpha encoded by chr5_l.gen_150 was recently found to be commonly expressed by placental isolates from Malawi (Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 185 (2002) 1207). The findings are consistent with earlier serologic evidence that surface antigens of placental parasites have conserved features, and Suggest that vaccines based on DBLgamma may only need to target a limited number of variants. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Seattle Biomed Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Fried, M (reprint author), Seattle Biomed Res Inst, 4 Nickerson St, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI43680, R01 AI48654] NR 17 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 122 IS 2 BP 201 EP 210 AR PII S0166-6851(02)00103-2 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(02)00103-2 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 584VJ UT WOS:000177489200010 PM 12106874 ER PT J AU Tachibana, M Tsuboi, T Kaneko, O Khuntirat, B Torii, M AF Tachibana, M Tsuboi, T Kaneko, O Khuntirat, B Torii, M TI Two types of Plasmodium ovale defined by SSU rRNA have distinct sequences for ookinete surface proteins SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malaria; ookinete; Plasmodium ovale; small subunit ribosomal RNA ID CONSERVED REGIONS; MINIMAL VARIATION; MALARIA; FALCIPARUM; ANTIGEN; PCR; PFS28; HOMOLOGS; GENE C1 Ehime Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Parasitol, Shigenobu, Ehime 7910295, Japan. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Tsuboi, T (reprint author), Ehime Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Parasitol, Shigenobu, Ehime 7910295, Japan. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 122 IS 2 BP 223 EP 226 AR PII S0166-6851(02)00101-9 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(02)00101-9 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 584VJ UT WOS:000177489200013 PM 12106877 ER PT J AU Crawford, F Freeman, M Singh, S Abdullah, L Mullan, M Vanderploeg, R Waisman, M Michaels, L Warden, D Salazar, A Lipsky, R AF Crawford, F Freeman, M Singh, S Abdullah, L Mullan, M Vanderploeg, R Waisman, M Michaels, L Warden, D Salazar, A Lipsky, R TI APOE genotype influences acquisition and recall following traumatic brain injury SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Roskamp Inst, Tampa, FL USA. James A Haley Vet Adm, Tampa, FL USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIAAA, Neurogenet Lab, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 SU 1 MA 1638 BP S448 EP S448 PG 1 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 584KG UT WOS:000177465301609 ER PT J AU Sherali, HD Driscoll, PJ AF Sherali, HD Driscoll, PJ TI On tightening the relaxations of Miller-Tucker-Zemlin formulations for asymmetric traveling salesman problems SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ONE PROGRAMMING-PROBLEMS; HIERARCHY; CONSTRAINTS AB This paper is concerned with applying the Reformulation-Linearization Technique (RLT) to derive tighter relaxations for the Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Problem (ATSP) formulation that is based on the Miller-Tucker-Zemlin (MTZ) subtour elimination constraints. The MTZ constraints yield a compact representation for the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), and their use is particularly attractive in various routing and scheduling contexts that have an embedded ATSP structure. However, it is well recognized that these constraints yield weak relaxations, and with this motivation. Desrochers and Laporte (199 1) have lifted the MTZ constraints into facets of the underlying ATSP polytope. We show that a novel application of the RLT process from a nonstandard MTZ representation of the ATSP reveals a new formulation of this problem that is compact, and yet theoretically as well as computationally dominates the lifted-MTZ formulation of Desrochers and Laporte. This approach is also extended to derive tight formulations for the Precedence Constrained Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Problem (PCATSP), based on the MTZ subtour elimination constraints. Additional classes of valid inequalities are also developed for both these versions of the ATSP, and further ideas for developing tighter representations are suggested for future investigations. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn 0118, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Sherali, HD (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn 0118, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 26 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 50 IS 4 BP 656 EP 669 DI 10.1287/opre.50.4.656.2865 PG 14 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 584TN UT WOS:000177485000007 ER PT J AU Shoop, BL Das, PK AF Shoop, BL Das, PK TI Mismatch-tolerant distributed photonic analog-to-digital conversion using spatial oversampling and spectral noise shaping SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE photonic A/D conversion; analog-to-digital conversion; error diffusion; neural networks ID CONVERTER AB The analog-to-digital (A/D) interface is generally considered to be the most critical part of any signal acquisition and processing system. Because of the difficulty in achieving high-resolution and highspeed A/D converters, this interface has been a barrier to the realization of high-speed, high-throughput systems. Recently, there has been renewed interest in new and innovative approaches to A/D conversion, with a significant emphasis on photonic techniques. Interleaving is a common approach applied to high-speed photonic A/D conversion; it reduces the wide-bandwidth input signal to one that can be converted using conventional high-speed A/D converters. The high-speed sampled input is interleaved to N individual channels with each channel operating at 1/N of the sampling rate. These channelization techniques are known to suffer from performance degradations due to channel-to-channel mismatch. Within the electronic A/D converter community, temporal over-sampling and spectral noise shaping have become common practice in high-fidelity audio applications. Here, a low-resolution quantizer is embedded in a feedback architecture in an effort to reduce the quantization noise through spectral noise shaping. A large error associated with a single sample is diffused over many subsequent samples, and then linear filtering techniques are applied to remove the spectrally shaped noise, thereby improving the overall SNR of the converter. The approach to photonic A/D conversion described here leverages the 2-D nature of an optical architecture to extend the concept of spectral noise shaping to include 2-D spatial noise shaping. The proposed approach uses a mode-locked laser to generate the optical sampling pulses, an interferometer to modulate the electronic analog signal onto the optical pulses, and a 2-D smart-pixel hardware implementation of a distributed error-diffusion neural network. (C) 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Shoop, BL (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1674 EP 1687 DI 10.1117/1.1484496 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 576TR UT WOS:000177021900033 ER PT J AU Davis, H Vincent, JM Lynch, J AF Davis, H Vincent, JM Lynch, J TI Tick-borne relapsing fever caused by Borrelia turicatae SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Borrelia turicatae; Ornithodoros turicata; tickborne relapsing fever; spirochete AB Tick-borne relapsing fever manifests as relapsing episodes of fever with significant morbidity and mortality. We report a case of Borrelia turicatae disease in a 13-year-old male youth with outdoor exposures in Texas. After multiple clinic visits the diagnosis was made, and treatment was initiated. The patient did well without long term sequelae. C1 San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Davis, H (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 21 IS 7 BP 703 EP 705 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000021108.03691.da PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 574NJ UT WOS:000176896200019 PM 12237608 ER PT J AU Ruess, L O'Connor, SC Mikita, CP Creamer, KM AF Ruess, L O'Connor, SC Mikita, CP Creamer, KM TI Sedation for pediatric diagnostic imaging: use of pediatric and nursing resources as an alternative to a radiology department sedation team SO PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sedation; pediatric imaging ID SAFETY; GUIDELINES; CHILDREN AB Objective To develop a pathway to provide safe, effective, and efficient sedation for pediatric diagnostic imaging studies using non-radiology personnel. Materials and methods A multidisciplinary team considered manpower and training requirements and national sedation standards before designing a sedation pathway, which included scheduling, pre-sedation history and physical, medication protocols, and monitoring. Oral and IV medication protocols were developed based on patient age and weight. Sedation delays were defined as > 15 min (IV) or > 30 min (PO) from start of sedation to start of imaging. A sedation failure resulted in an incomplete diagnostic imaging study. Failure rates of 124 sedations before and 388 sedations after the pathway were compared. Results The sedation failure rate for 7 months prior to pathway initiation was 15% (19/124). In the first 25 months after pathway initiation, failures were significantly reduced to 1.5% (6/388) (P<0.0001). Three (50%) of the six failures after pathway initiation were long examinations (> 55 min). Deviation from the recommended medication protocol accounted for most of the 115 delays. Only minor adverse events were seen (12/388, 3.1%). Conclusion Implementing a pediatric sedation pathway significantly decreases the sedation failure rate. Pediatric residents and nurses can safely, effectively and efficiently sedate pediatric patients for routine diagnostic imaging procedures without the need for a radiology department sedation team in a department with a small-to-moderate volume of pediatric patients. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Ruess, L (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0301-0449 J9 PEDIATR RADIOL JI Pediatr. Radiol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 32 IS 7 BP 505 EP 510 DI 10.1007/s00247-002-0712-9 PG 6 WC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 575FJ UT WOS:000176936000006 PM 12107584 ER PT J AU Fox, AM Haller, WT Getsinger, KD Petty, DG AF Fox, AM Haller, WT Getsinger, KD Petty, DG TI Dissipation of triclopyr herbicide applied in Lake Minnetonka, MN concurrently with rhodamine WT dye SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aquatic plant management; aquatic herbicide residue dissipation; triclopyr; TCP; tracer dye; water movement ID TIDAL CANALS; WATER AB Fluorescent dye was applied concurrently with triclopyr in two 6.5-ha treatment plots in Lake Minnetonka, MN for data collection to support full aquatic registration of this herbicide. The herbicide and dye mixture was applied by airboat to Phelps Bay with weighted, trailing hoses to maximize uniform distribution of these materials in the water column. A surface application was made to the 1 Carsons Bay plot to attain theoretical triclopyr and dye concentrations of 2500 and 10 mug litre(-1), respectively. Water samples collected at various times following application showed very little movement of the herbicide and dye out of the Carsons Bay plot. Triclopyr residues moved to a greater extent out of the Phelps Bay plot. The dye was easily tracked in real-time using field fluorometers, which allowed new sampling stations to be established to monitor this movement. Dye concentrations were strongly correlated to herbicide concentrations (r(2) = 0.97 in both plots) but were less predictive of the triclopyr metabolite 3,5,6-trichloropyridinol (TCP; r(2) = 0.82 in Phelps and r(2) = 0.73 in Carsons), probably due to its differential metabolism and degradation. The inert dye can be used to compare the dissipation of herbicide residues by dilution versus microbial or other breakdown processes. Vertical sampling of dye in the water column showed that surface applications of aquatic herbicides can delay uniform mixing in the water column by several days. Although the dye aided the tracking of residues outside the treatment areas, predetermined sampling times and stations were still needed if very low concentrations of herbicide were to be detected at times and stations where the dye had been diluted below its limit of detection. (C) 2002 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Aquat & Invas Plants, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NDR Res, Plainfield, IN 46168 USA. RP Fox, AM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agron, POB 110500, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 58 IS 7 BP 677 EP 686 DI 10.1002/ps.507 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 569RM UT WOS:000176616000005 PM 12146168 ER PT J AU Hulet, SW McDonough, JH Shih, TM AF Hulet, SW McDonough, JH Shih, TM TI The dose-response effects of repeated subacute sarin exposure on guinea pigs SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE organophosphate; sarin; functional observational battery; acetylcholinesterase inhibitors; acetylcholinesterase; nerve agents ID FUNCTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL BATTERY; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS NERVE AGENTS; CHRONIC PYRIDOSTIGMINE; REPETITIVE INJECTION; BEHAVIORAL TOXICITY; REPEATED SOMAN; RAT; INHIBITION; PRIMATES; MICE AB The present study assessed the effects of repeated subacute exposure to the organophosphorous nerve agent, sarin. Guinea pigs were injected five times per week (Monday-Friday) for 2 weeks with fractions of the established LD50 dose of sarin (42 mug/kg sc). The animals were assessed for the development of cortical EEG seizures. Changes in body weight, red blood cell (RBC) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels and neurobehavioral reactions to a functional observational battery were monitored over the 2 weeks of sarin exposure and for an extended postinjection period. There were dose-related changes in body weight and RBC AChE levels. No guinea pigs receiving 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5xLD(50) of sarin showed signs of cortical EEG seizures despite decreases in RBC AChE levels to as low as 10% of baseline. Seizures were evident in animals receiving 0.6xLD(50) of sarin as early as the second day, and subsequent injections led to incapacitation and death. Animals receiving 0.5xLD(50) sarin showed obvious signs of cholinergic toxicity, which included a significant increase in their angle of gait. Overall, 2/13 animals receiving 0.5xLD(50) sarin died before all 10 injections were given. By the 10th day of injections, the animals receiving saline were significantly easier to remove from their cages and handle as compared to the first day of injections. They were also significantly less responsive to an approaching pencil and touch on the rump in comparison to the first day of testing. In contrast, the animals receiving 0.4 x LD50 sarin failed to show any significant reductions in their responses to an approaching pencil and a touch on the rump as compared to the first day. The 0.5xLD(50) sarin animals failed to show any significant changes to the approach response and touch response and did not adjust to handling or cage removal from the first day of injections to the last day of handling. In summary, the guinea pigs receiving the 0.4 x LD50 and 0.5xLD(50) doses of sarin failed to habituate to some aspects of the functional observational battery testing. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR, UV,PN,Neurotoxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR, UV,PN,Appl Pharmacol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Shih, TM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR, UV,PN,Neurotoxicol Branch, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 72 IS 4 BP 835 EP 845 AR PII S0091-3057(02)00761-X DI 10.1016/S0091-3057(02)00761-X PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 576EV UT WOS:000176990600010 PM 12062573 ER PT J AU Leung, KP Lewis, AS Concannon, SP Yoshimoto, H Fukushima, H AF Leung, KP Lewis, AS Concannon, SP Yoshimoto, H Fukushima, H TI Prevotella intermedia native plasmid can be mobilized by an Escherichia coli conjugal IncP plasmid SO PLASMID LA English DT Article DE Prevotella intermedia; periodontal disease; cryptic plasmid; rep; mob; conjugation ID BLACK-PIGMENTED BACTEROIDES; NOMA CANCRUM ORIS; SHUTTLE VECTORS; ACTINOBACILLUS-ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RESISTANCE; GINGIVALIS; IDENTIFICATION; CLONING AB We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a small Prevotella intermedia cryptic plasmid, pYHBil, which consisted of sequences that were highly homologous to the amino acid sequence of the replication and mobilization proteins found in related organisms. We have also demonstrated that chimeric plasmids derived from this P. intermedia native plasmid can be mobilized between Escherichia coli strains by using a broad-host-range E coli conjugative plasmid, IncP plasmid RP4. The results suggest that pYHBil possesses gene(s) responsible for conjugal transfer. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 USA, Dent Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Microbiol Branch, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. Kanagawa Dent Coll, Dept Oral Microbiol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238, Japan. Osaka Dent Univ, Dept Bacteriol, Osaka, Japan. RP Leung, KP (reprint author), USA, Dent Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Microbiol Branch, 310B,B St,Bldg 1-H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-619X J9 PLASMID JI Plasmid PD JUL PY 2002 VL 48 IS 1 BP 64 EP 72 AR PII S0147-619X(02)00011-2 DI 10.1016/S0147-619X(02)00011-2 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA 595CF UT WOS:000178088700007 PM 12206757 ER PT J AU Richardson, RD Engel, CC Hunt, SC McKnight, K McFall, M AF Richardson, RD Engel, CC Hunt, SC McKnight, K McFall, M TI Are veterans seeking veterans affairs' primary care as healthy as those seeking Department of Defense primary care? A look at Gulf War veterans' symptoms and functional status SO PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Persian Gulf; healthy worker effect; health; functional status; PTSD; employment ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; SOMATOFORM DISORDERS; UNEMPLOYMENT; SERVICE; WOMEN AB Objective: This study compared Gulf War veterans seeking VA primary care with Gulf War veterans seeking treatment from a Department of Defense primary care clinic on measures of physical symptoms, psychiatric complaints, and functional status. Additionally, the association between employment status and health was examined. Methods: Analysis was based on the responses of consecutive patients attending the Gulf War Primary Care clinics at either the VA Puget Sound Health Care System in Seattle, WA (N = 223), or the Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, DC (N = 153), between March 1998 and September 1999. Results: After controlling for demographic variables, Gulf War veterans who sought VA care reported significantly more anxiety and PTSD symptoms than active duty military personnel. The groups did not differ on somatic complaints or summary scores from the SF-36. Employment status was significantly, independently, and consistently associated with greater psychiatric symptoms, physical symptoms, and decreased functional status. Conclusions: Our findings reveal important differences in health status between veterans seeking primary care at a VA and a Department of Defense facility, differences that are in part related to employment status. Both groups report symptoms of psychiatric distress and decreased functional status, though VA patients are more impaired. Research findings based on clinical samples of veterans at VA sites may not generalize to Gulf War veterans still on active duty (and vice versa). C1 VA Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle, WA 98108 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Deployment Hlth Clin Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Psychol, Tucson, AZ USA. VA Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, CESATE, Seattle, WA USA. RP Richardson, RD (reprint author), VA Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, 16 MHC,1660 S Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108 USA. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0033-3174 J9 PSYCHOSOM MED JI Psychosom. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 64 IS 4 BP 676 EP 683 DI 10.1097/01.PSY.0000021941.35402.18 PG 8 WC Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 575WZ UT WOS:000176972600018 PM 12140358 ER PT J AU Kransdorf, MJ Bancroft, LW Peterson, JJ Murphey, MD Foster, WC Temple, HT AF Kransdorf, MJ Bancroft, LW Peterson, JJ Murphey, MD Foster, WC Temple, HT TI Imaging of fatty tumors: Distinction of lipoma and well-differentiated liposarcoma SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lipoma and lipomatosis; lipoma and lipomatosis, CT; lipoma and lipomatosis, MR; liposarcoma; liposarcoma, CT; liposarcoma, MR; soft tissues, neoplasms ID PATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION; MRI FINDINGS; SOFT-TISSUE; CT AB PURPOSE: To review the reliability of computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features in distinguishing lipoma and well-differentiated liposarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT (n = 29) and MR (n = 40) images and radiographs (n = 28) of 60 patients with histologically verified fatty tumors (35 lipomas and 25 well-differentiated liposarcomas) were retrospectively reviewed in 31 females and 29 males (mean age, 56 years; age range, 1-88 years). Images were assessed for adipose tissue content, and nonfatty component was classified (thin and/or thick septa and nodular and/or globular components) as absent, mild, Also assessed were signal intensity and tissue attenuation ronounced moderate or, pronounced of the fatty components and nonadipose elements. RESULTS: Statistically significant imaging features favoring a diagnosis of liposarcoma included lesion larger than 10 cm (P < .001), presence of thick septa (P = .001), presence of globular and/or nodular nonadipose areas (P = .003) or masses (P = .001), and lesion less than 75% fat (P < .001). The most statistically significant radiologic predictors of malignancy were male sex, presence of thick septa, and associated nonadipose masses, which increased the likelihood of malignancy by 13-, nine-, and 32-fold, respectively. Both lipoma and liposarcoma demonstrated thin septa and regions of increased signal intensity on fluid-sensitive MR images. CONCLUSION: A significant number of lipomas will have prominent nonadipose areas and will demonstrate an imaging appearance traditionally ascribed to well-differentiated liposarcoma. Features that suggest malignancy include increased patient age, large lesion size, presence of thick septa, presence of nodular and/or globular or nonadipose masslike areas, and decreased percentage of fat composition. (C) RSNA, 2002. C1 Mayo Clin, Dept Radiol, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Orthoped Surg, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Orthoped & Rehabil, Miami, FL USA. RP Kransdorf, MJ (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Radiol, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. NR 17 TC 149 Z9 159 U1 0 U2 2 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 224 IS 1 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1148/radiol.2241011113 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 566XZ UT WOS:000176454700014 PM 12091667 ER PT J AU Rafuse, ES AF Rafuse, ES TI Keepers of the spirit: The Corps of Cadets at Texas A&M University, 1876-2001 SO SOUTHWESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Rafuse, ES (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXAS STATE HIST ASSN PI AUSTIN PA 2/306 RICHARDSON HALL UNIV STATION, AUSTIN, TX 78712 USA SN 0038-478X J9 SOUTHWEST HIST QUART JI Southw. Hist. Q. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 106 IS 1 BP 134 EP 134 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 616WV UT WOS:000179327100011 ER PT J AU Garg, DP Zikry, MA Anderson, GL Stepp, D AF Garg, Devendra P. Zikry, Mohammed A. Anderson, Gary L. Stepp, David TI Health Monitoring and Reliability of Adaptive Heterogeneous Structures SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE adaptive-structures; reliability; MEMS; active-materials; heterogeneous structures; sensors AB New adaptive structural systems comprised of optimal material combinations, innovative sensors and actuators, and control subsystems need to be developed and tailored for damage tolerant applications associated with severe loading conditions and harsh environments. In this position paper, fundamental considerations related to the modeling, design, and performance prediction of adaptive heterogeneous structures and benchmark laboratory experiments that would be needed for developing new and reliable sensor-integrated adaptive structures are discussed. Recent progress in these areas is discussed and new research directions that are needed and the barriers to be overcome to fulfill these objectives are proposed. One major challenge is to optimally integrate a variety of sensors and actuators in the context of health monitoring in order to enhance structural performance and reliability. The other major challenge is of scaling material and structural behavior from the micro- and meso-levels to the macro-level for full-scale adaptive structural system performance. C1 [Garg, Devendra P.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Zikry, Mohammed A.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Anderson, Gary L.] US Army, Struct & Mech Branch, Engn Sci Directorate, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Stepp, David] US Army, Mech Behav Mat Branch, Phys Sci Directorate, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Garg, DP (reprint author), Duke Univ, POB 90300, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM dpgarg@duke.edu NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1475-9217 EI 1741-3168 J9 STRUCT HEALTH MONIT JI Struct. Health Monit. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 1 IS 1 BP 23 EP 39 DI 10.1177/147592170200100103 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA V36GJ UT WOS:000209200700003 ER PT J AU Sallum, MAM Schultz, TR Foster, PG Aronstein, K Wirtz, RA Wilkerson, RC AF Sallum, MAM Schultz, TR Foster, PG Aronstein, K Wirtz, RA Wilkerson, RC TI Phylogeny of Anophelinae (Diptera : Culicidae) based on nuclear ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA sequences SO SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID D2 VARIABLE REGION; GENE-SEQUENCES; COMBINING DATA; ARTHROPOD PHYLOGENY; ANIMAL KINGDOM; RNA; CHARACTERS; SYSTEMATICS; EVOLUTION; 18S AB Phylogenetic relationships among thirty-two species of mosquitoes in subfamily Anophelinae are inferred from portions of the mitochondrial genes COI and COII, the nuclear 18S small subunit rRNA gene and the expansion D2 region of the nuclear large subunit 28S rRNA gene. Sequences were obtained from the genera Anopheles, Bironella and Chagasia . Representatives of all six subgenera of Anopheles were included: Anopheles, Cellia, Kerteszia, Lophopodomyia, Nyssorhynchus and Stethomyia. Using parsimony and maximum likelihood methods, various combinations of these DNA sequence data were analysed separately: 18S, 28S, combined 18S and 28S, combined COI and COII, and combined 18S, 28S, COI and COII ('total evidence'). The combined rDNA data contain strong phylogenetic signal, moderately to strongly supporting most clades in MP and ML analyses; however, the mtDNA data (analysed as either nucleotide or amino acid sequences) contain little phylogenetic signal, except for relationships of very recently derived groups of species and, at the deepest level, for the monophyly of Anophelinae. The paraphyly of Anopheles relative to Bironella is confirmed by most analyses and statistical tests. Support for the monophyly of subgenera Anopheles, Cellia , Kerteszia and Nyssorhynchus is indicated by most analyses. Subgenus Lophopodomyia is reconstructed as the sister to Bironella, nested within a clade also containing Nyssorhynchus and Kerteszia. The most basal relationships within genus Anopheles are not well resolved by any of the data partitions, although the results of statistical analyses of the rDNA data (S-H-tests, likelihood ratio tests for monophyly and Bayesian MCMC analyses) suggest that the clade consisting of Bironella, Lophopodomyia, Nyssorhynchus and Kerteszia is the sister to the clade containing Cellia and Anopheles. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Saude Publ, Dept Epidemiol, BR-01246904 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Systemat Biol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, London, England. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sallum, MAM (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Saude Publ, Dept Epidemiol, Av Dr Arnaldo 715, BR-01246904 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Sallum, Maria/B-8537-2012 NR 63 TC 79 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6970 J9 SYST ENTOMOL JI Syst. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 361 EP 382 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3113.2002.00182.x PG 22 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 568FN UT WOS:000176531900005 ER PT J AU Reuss, M AF Reuss, M TI Learning from the Dutch - Technology, management, and water resources development SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Off Hist, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Reuss, M (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Off Hist, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 43 IS 3 BP 465 EP 472 DI 10.1353/tech.2002.0135 PG 8 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 588QZ UT WOS:000177713300001 ER PT J AU Dubick, MA Carden, SC Jordan, BS Langlinais, PC Mozingo, DW AF Dubick, MA Carden, SC Jordan, BS Langlinais, PC Mozingo, DW TI Indices of antioxidant status in rats subjected to wood smoke inhalation and/or thermal injury SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE scald burn; smoke inhalation; lung; liver; reactive oxygen species ID OVINE MODEL; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; FLUID RESUSCITATION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; SYSTEMIC RESPONSE; OXYGEN DEMANDS; LUNG; BURN; REQUIREMENTS; MORTALITY AB The present study investigated antioxidant status in lung, liver, heart and kidney in a rat model to simulate an inhalation injury as might be encountered by firefighters and burn victims. Anesthetized rats received either a 20% total body surface area (TBSA) full thickness scald or a sham burn. After a 5 h recovery period, half of the animals in the burn or sham burn groups were exposed to cooled western bark (fir and pine) smoke for 16.25 min. The remaining rats in each group breathed room air. At 1, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h after exposure to the smoke, five rats from each of the four groups were euthanatized and lungs were lavaged by infusing three 5 ml aliquots of normal saline for evaluation of airway cellular content and lung wet to dry weight ratios to estimate lung water content. A second series of five rats/group per time point were euthanatized at the above times and lung, liver, kidney and heart were removed for evaluation of tissue antioxidant enzyme activities and for thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentrations, as well as for lung histology. Smoke exposure resulted in average plasma carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) of 19 +/- 2% in the two smoke exposed groups and produced areas of erosion of the tracheal surface, resulting in loss of epithelium and exposed basement membrane. Lung water content was not significantly different among the four groups during the 96-h experimental period. Lung TBARS levels were 2-3-fold higher at 12 h in smoke exposed rats compared with controls. These levels peaked at 24 h and remained significantly elevated at 48 h compared to controls. TBARS were also elevated in liver. but not in heart or kidney in response to burn or combined injury. Minor effects on lung antioxidant enzyme activities were observed after smoke inhalation. These data suggest that smoke inhalation, independent of burn injury, induces an oxidant stress that persists for at least the first 48 h after smoke exposure. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, MTR Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Dubick, MA (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, MTR Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 37 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 176 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 157 AR PII S0300-483X(02)00132-4 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00132-4 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 576AB UT WOS:000176979700014 PM 12062938 ER PT J AU Sedyaningsih-Mamahit, ER Larasati, RP Laras, K Sidemen, A Sukri, N Sabaruddin, N Didi, S Saragih, JM Myint, KSA Endy, TP Sulaiman, A Campbell, JR Corwin, AL AF Sedyaningsih-Mamahit, ER Larasati, RP Laras, K Sidemen, A Sukri, N Sabaruddin, N Didi, S Saragih, JM Myint, KSA Endy, TP Sulaiman, A Campbell, JR Corwin, AL TI First documented outbreak of hepatitis E virus transmission in Java, Indonesia SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE hepatitis E virus; infections; outbreak; prevalence; serology; polymerase chain reaction; risk factors; Indonesia ID EPIDEMIC; MONKEYS AB A suspected hepatitis outbreak occurred in Bondowoso District, East Java Province, Indonesia, in March-May 1998. An investigation was initiated in April 1998, involving a retrospective review of hospital records, a community-based cross-sectional study, and a health service-based case detection and household follow-up. Sera and epidemiological information were collected from 962 individuals: 235 from 3 outbreak-affected communities along the same rural stretch of river, 101 from community controls living distant from the river, 151 cases detected in health centres, 141 family members of the cases, and 334 subjects from neighbouring families. The prevalence of acute hepatitis E virus (HEV), based on anti-HEV IgM, total antibody (Ig) to HEV and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), was significantly (P < 0(.)00001) higher (52(.)4%) among the outbreak communities than among the community controls (3%). The background prevalence of HEV, based on anti-HEV IgG, was also significantly (P < 0(.)00001) higher (47%) among the outbreak communities than among the community controls (3%). None of the 476 sera screened for anti-HAV (hepatitis A virus) IgM was positive. These results indicate that HEV was the aetiological agent responsible for the outbreak. The overall attack rate (AR) for the 3 outbreak-affected communities surveyed was 19%, with AR determined on the basis of clinically recognized, acute jaundice illness. The usage of river water as primary source for bathing, human-waste disposal, and drinking purposes differed significantly (P < 0(.)00001) between the communities in outbreak areas and those in non-outbreak areas. There is no significant influence attributed to 'boiling water' on acute HEV. No climatic influences (flooding or drought) predisposed this instance of epidemic HEV transmission. This outbreak represents the first documented evidence of epidemic HEV transmission in Java, Indonesia. C1 Minist Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Minist Hlth, E Java Provincial Hlth Author Off, Surabaya, Indonesia. Minist Hlth, Directorate Gen Communicable Dis Control & Enviro, Jakarta, Indonesia. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. Univ Indonesia, Sch Med, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Corwin, AL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, American Embassy Jakarta, Unit NAMRU TWO, FPO, AP 96520 USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 96 IS 4 BP 398 EP 404 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(02)90373-1 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 639GR UT WOS:000180619700008 PM 12497976 ER PT J AU Hmel, PJ Kennedy, A Quiles, JG Gorogias, M Seelbaugh, JP Morrissette, CR Van Ness, K Reid, TJ AF Hmel, PJ Kennedy, A Quiles, JG Gorogias, M Seelbaugh, JP Morrissette, CR Van Ness, K Reid, TJ TI Physical and thermal properties of blood storage bags: implications for shipping frozen components on dry ice SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article AB BACKGROUND: Frozen blood components are shipped on dry ice. The lower temperature (-70degreesC in contrast to usual storage at -30degreesC) and shipping conditions may cause a rent in the storage bag, breaking sterility and rendering the unit useless. The rate of loss can reach 50 to 80 percent. To identify those bags with lower probability of breaking during shipment, the thermal and physical properties of blood storage bags were examined. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood storage bags were obtained from several manufacturers and were of the following compositions: PVC with citrate, di-2-ethyl-hexylphthalate (DEHP), or tri-2-ethylhexyl-tri-mellitate (TEHTM) plasticizer; polyolefin (PO); poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA); or fluorinated polyethylene propylene (FEP). The glass transition temperature (Tg) of each storage bag was determined. Bag thickness and measures of material strength (tensile modulus M-T and time to achieve 0.5 percent strain [T-0.5% ]) were evaluated. MT and T-0.5% measurements were made at 25 and -70degreesC. Response to applied force at -70degreesC was measured using an impact testing device and a drop test. RESULTS: The Tg of the bags fell into two groups: 70 to 105degreesC (PO, FEP) and -50 to -17degreesC (PVC with plasticizer, EVA). Bag thickness ranged from 0.14 to 0.41 mm. Compared to other materials, the ratios of MT and T-0.5% for PVC bags were increased (p : 0.001) indicating that structural changes for PVC were more pronounced upon cooling from 25 to -70degreesC. Bags containing EVA were more shock resistant, resulting in the lowest rate of breakage (10% breakage) when compared with PO (60% breakage, p = 0.0573) or PVC (100% breakage, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Blood storage bags made of EVA appear better suited for shipping frozen blood components on dry ice and are cost-effective replacements for PVC bags. For the identification of blood storage bags meeting specific storage requirements, physical and thermal analyses of blood storage bags may be useful and remove empiricism from the process. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, Div Mil Casualty Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Stat, Div Biometr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Washington & Lee Univ, Detp Phys & Engn, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. RP Reid, TJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, Div Mil Casualty Res, Bldg 503,Room 1 N80, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. OI Kennedy, Anthony/0000-0002-0908-3020 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JUL PY 2002 VL 42 IS 7 BP 836 EP 846 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2002.00135.x PG 11 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 576FN UT WOS:000176992300006 PM 12375655 ER PT J AU Bolan, CD Cecco, SA Wesley, RA Horne, M Yau, YY Remaley, AT Childs, RW Barrett, AJ Rehak, NN Leitman, SF AF Bolan, CD Cecco, SA Wesley, RA Horne, M Yau, YY Remaley, AT Childs, RW Barrett, AJ Rehak, NN Leitman, SF TI Controlled study of citrate effects and response to IV calcium administration during allogeneic peripheral blood progenitor cell donation SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID PARATHYROID-HORMONE; IONIZED CALCIUM; PLASMA-EXCHANGE; TRANSPLANTATION; GLUCONATE; PLATELETPHERESIS; ELECTROLYTES; CHLORIDE; INFUSION AB BACKGROUND: Leukapheresis procedures are generally performed at citrate anticoagulation rates extrapolated from shorter plateletpheresis procedures. However, neither the metabolic effects nor the management of associated symptoms have been critically evaluated during leukapheresis in healthy donors. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Symptom assessments (n = 315) and laboratory analyses (n = 49) were performed during 244 procedures performed with and 71 without prophylactic calcium (Ca) chloride or Ca gluconate given at a dose linked to the citrate infusion rate (1.0-2.2 mg/kg/min). RESULTS: During leukapheresis of 12 to 25 L processed, ionized Ca and ionized magnesium (Mg) decreased as much as 35 and 56 percent, respectively, each exhibiting a tight negative correlation with marked increases in serum citrate levels. Significant increases in urinary Ca and Mg excretion accompanied the renal excretion of a large citrate load. Serum divalent cation levels remained depressed 24 hours after leukapheresis. Symptoms were more frequent in donors who were women, had low initial total Mg levels, and underwent procedures in which larger volumes were processed at higher citrate infusion rates. Ca infusions reduced clinically significant paresthesias by 96 percent and also attenuated decreases in serum potassium. Ca chloride maintained higher Ca levels than Ca gluconate. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic Ca infusions safely attenuate the marked metabolic effects of citrate administration and promote faster, more comfortable, leukapheresis procedures. C1 NHLBI, Dept Transfus Med, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NHLBI, Dept Lab Med, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NHLBI, Dept Biostat Serv, Warren Grant Magnuson Clin Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Bolan, CD (reprint author), NHLBI, Dept Transfus Med, NIH, Bldg 10,Room 1C711,10 Ctr Dr,MSC 1184, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 24 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JUL PY 2002 VL 42 IS 7 BP 935 EP 946 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2002.00151.x PG 12 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 576FN UT WOS:000176992300019 PM 12375668 ER PT J AU Alanou, MP Snidle, RW Evans, HP Krantz, TL AF Alanou, MP Snidle, RW Evans, HP Krantz, TL TI On the performance of thin hard coatings for gearing applications SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE aerospace tribology; jet engine oils; surface roughness; scoring; scuffing ID BORON-CARBIDE COATINGS; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; DLC COATINGS; FILMS; DEPOSITION; BEHAVIOR; FAILURE; MODEL; STEEL AB Thin hard coatings are possible candidates,for the enhancement of scuffing and micro-pitting preformance of gears. They exhibit very high levels of surface hardness (typically 1000 HV) combined with a low traction coefficient (typically 0.2) against dry steel. The paper presents the results of an experimental program carried out in order to assess the scuffing performance of thin hard coatings for various combinations of substrates and surface finish under realistic engineering conditions of sliding speed, oil temperature and contact pressure. Two types of coating were assessed: diamond like carbon (DLC) coatings and boron carbide coatings. Although the overall performance improvement is promising, caution may be required when using thin hard coatings with case carburised substrates where adhesion problems may occur. Their use with nitrided steel as a substrate seems to be particularly advantageous, possibly because a higher process temperature may be used. The coatings tested also gave better performance at relatively low sliding speeds (less than or equal to 16 m/s), At higher levels of sliding the predominant effect is one of lubrication failure, the material parameter becoming secondary. C1 Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Sch Engn, Cardiff CF24 0YF, S Glam, Wales. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Army Res Lab, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Alanou, MP (reprint author), Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Sch Engn, Cardiff CF24 0YF, S Glam, Wales. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 45 IS 3 BP 334 EP 344 DI 10.1080/10402000208982558 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 575JE UT WOS:000176942500009 ER PT J AU Ma, Z Henein, NA Bryzik, W Glidewell, J AF Ma, Z Henein, NA Bryzik, W Glidewell, J TI Cylinder liner surface analysis during SI engine break-in SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE surface texture; wear mechanisms; cylinder liner; SEM; SI engine; break-in ID WEAR AB Surface texture of an engine cylinder liner at the top-ring reversal point was observed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. Experiments were conducted on a single-cylinder spark ignition engine over the engine break-in period. The surface texture of the cylinder liner was observed before and after the break-in test. The changes of surface texture and the wear mechanisms during the engine break-in were analyzed. The primary wear mechanisms were found to be abrasion and plastic deformation. C1 Gen Motor Co, Pontiac, MI 48340 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. US Army TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. RP Ma, Z (reprint author), Gen Motor Co, Pontiac, MI 48340 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 45 IS 3 BP 397 EP 403 DI 10.1080/10402000208982565 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 575JE UT WOS:000176942500016 ER PT J AU Vanasupa, BP Paquette, EL Wu, HY Sun, L McLeod, DG Moul, JW AF Vanasupa, BP Paquette, EL Wu, HY Sun, L McLeod, DG Moul, JW TI The role of radical prostatectomy in patients with pretreatment prostate-specific antigen >= 40 ng/mL SO UROLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; radical prostatectomy; elevated prostate-specific antigen; disease-free survival ID NEOADJUVANT HORMONAL-THERAPY; CLINICAL STAGE; EXTRACAPSULAR EXTENSION; CANCER CONTROL; MEN; PROGRESSION; SURVIVAL; SURGERY; GRADE; MULTICENTER AB Objective: To assess the efficacy of radical prostatectomy (RP) in men presenting with markedly elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, the records of 17 patients presenting with serum PSA values greater than or equal to40 ng/mL, who underwent RP at Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC) between 1990 and 1995, were reviewed. Methods: Pathologic and clinical data (staging, Gleason score, recurrences, adjuvant and neo-adjuvant treatment, most recent PSA value, urinary continence, and sexual function) for each patient was examined. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the disease-free survival (DFS) for PSA and clinical recurrence. Urinary continence and potency were also assessed. Results: With a mean follow-up of 6.21 years (median 5.28 y), all 17 patients are alive. Five patients have no evidence of disease (NED), and 12 are alive with prostate cancer. Fifteen patients have PSA values between 0.1 and 3.0 ng/mL, and two patients have PSA values that have returned to pretreatment levels. Eleven patients received neo-adjuvant and/or adjuvant therapy. Fourteen men (82.3%) are continent and seven (41.1%) are potent. Survival analysis demonstrates a PSA DES of 52.9% at five years and 26.5% at nine years; while, clinical DES was 92.3% at five years and 58.0% at nine years. Conclusions: This study suggests a possible surgical role in treating patients presenting with significantly elevated PSA values. While surgery alone is unlikely to cure prostate cancer in these patients, surgery in conjunction with hormonal or radiation therapy may prolong survival with acceptable effects on urinary continence and potency. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1078-1439 J9 UROL ONCOL JI Urol. Oncol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 7 IS 4 BP 167 EP 172 AR PII S1078-1439(02)00187-4 DI 10.1016/S1078-1439(02)00187-4 PG 6 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 577GF UT WOS:000177052600007 PM 12474533 ER PT J AU Johnson, TO Schulman, FY Lipscomb, TP Yantis, LD AF Johnson, TO Schulman, FY Lipscomb, TP Yantis, LD TI Histopathology and biologic behavior of pleomorphic cutaneous mast cell tumors in fifteen cats SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biologic behavior cats; histopathology; mast cell tumor; mastocytoma; pleomorphic tumor; skin ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTION; NEOPLASIA; MASTOCYTOMAS AB Most feline cutaneous mast cell tumors (CMCT) are behaviorally benign; however, there is a subset of these tumors with marked pleomorphism (previously termed poorly differentiated) that have been reported to be more aggressive. In this study. pleomorphic CMCT from 15 cats were identified from surgical biopsy submissions, and follow-up clinical data were obtained for 14 of these cats. Pleomorphic CMCT were discrete dermal nodules composed of sheets of pleomorphic round cells. Tumors from all 15 cats contained markedly cytomegalic and karyomegalic cells; 9/15 tumors (60%) contained multinucleated tumor giant cells. Typical mast cell granules were easily identified in sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and with metachromatic stains and based on ultrastructural evaluation in cytomegalic as well as smaller tumor cells, indicating that the tumors were not poorly differentiated. The mitotic rate was very low (<1 mitosis per 10 high-power fields [hpf]) in 14 of 15 tumors, (93%). Affected cats were 6-19 years old (mean age = 11.5 years), and there was no breed or sex predilection. Two cats had local recurrence. The only cat that had a pleomorphic CMCT with a high mitotic rate (1-2 mitoses/hpf) subsequently developed numerous other dermal neoplasm,, and was euthanatized. In this study, the large majority of feline pleomorphic CMCT were behaviorally benign. Mitotic rate is likely an important prognostic indicator of CMCT behavior. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Marshfield Labs, Vet Div, Marshfield, WI USA. RP Johnson, TO (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Pathol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 39 IS 4 BP 452 EP 457 DI 10.1354/vp.39-4-452 PG 6 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 572WA UT WOS:000176796900005 PM 12126148 ER PT J AU Morgan, CA Cho, T Hazlett, G Coric, V Morgan, J AF Morgan, CA Cho, T Hazlett, G Coric, V Morgan, J TI The impact of burnout on human physiology and on operational performance: A prospective study of soldiers enrolled in the combat diver qualification course SO YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID STRESS C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New Haven, CT USA. Psychol Applicat Directorate, Ft Bragg, NC USA. DMO, Special Forces Underwater Operat, Key West, FL USA. RP Morgan, CA (reprint author), New England Healthcare Syst W Haven, Natl Ctr PTSD VA 116A, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU YALE J BIOLOGY MEDICINE, INC PI NEW HAVEN PA 333 CEDAR ST, PO BOX 208000, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8000 USA SN 0044-0086 J9 YALE J BIOL MED JI Yale J. Biol. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 75 IS 4 BP 199 EP 205 PG 7 WC Biology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 679VC UT WOS:000182941800002 PM 12784969 ER PT J AU Gibbons, RV Vaughn, DW AF Gibbons, RV Vaughn, DW TI Dengue: an escalating problem SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; VIRUS-INFECTION; AEDES-AEGYPTI; SHOCK SYNDROME; TRAVELERS; COUNTRIES; IMPACT; RISK C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Gibbons, RV (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 39 TC 349 Z9 386 U1 1 U2 29 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-535X J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD JUN 29 PY 2002 VL 324 IS 7353 BP 1563 EP 1566 DI 10.1136/bmj.324.7353.1563 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 570WP UT WOS:000176683000025 PM 12089096 ER PT J AU Guan, J Kyle, DE Gerena, L Zhang, QA Milhous, WK Lin, AJ AF Guan, J Kyle, DE Gerena, L Zhang, QA Milhous, WK Lin, AJ TI Design, synthesis, and evaluation of new chemosensitizers in multi-drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHLOROQUINE RESISTANCE; INVITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY; REVERSAL; PHENOTHIAZINES; INHIBITION; CALMODULIN; GROWTH AB A series of new chemosensitizers (modulators) against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum were designed and synthesized in an attempt to fabricate modulators with enhancing drug-resistant reversing efficacy and minimal side effects. Four aromatic amine ring systems-phenothiazine, iminodibenzyl, iminostilbene, and diphenylamine-were examined. Various tertiary amino groups including either noncyclic or cyclic aliphatic amines were introduced to explore the steric tolerance at the end of the side chain. The new compounds showed better drug-resistant reversing activity in chloroquine-resistant than in mefloquine-resistant cell lines and were generally more effective against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum isolates from Southeast Asian (W2 and TM91C235) than those from South America (PC49 and RCS). Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that elongation of the alkyl side chain of the molecule retained the chemosensitizing activity, and analogues with four-carbon side chains showed superior activity. Furthermore, new modulators with phenothiazine ring exhibited the best chemosensitizing activity among the four different ring systems examined. Terminal amino function has limited steric tolerance as evidenced by the dramatic lose of the modulating activity, when the size of substituent at the amino group increases. The best new modulator synthesized in this study possesses all three optimized structural features, which consist of a phenothiazine ring and a pyrrolidinyl group joined by a four-carbon alkyl bridge. The fractional inhibitory concentration TIC) index of the best compound is 0.21, which is superior to that of verapamil (0.51), one of the best-known multi-drug-resistant reversing agents. Some of the analogues displayed moderate intrinsic in vitro antimalarial activity against a W-2 clone of P. falciparum. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Lin, AJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 16 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD JUN 20 PY 2002 VL 45 IS 13 BP 2741 EP 2748 DI 10.1021/jm010549o PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 562NH UT WOS:000176204300007 PM 12061877 ER PT J AU Spanggord, RJ Wu, B Sun, M Lim, P Ellis, WY AF Spanggord, RJ Wu, B Sun, M Lim, P Ellis, WY TI Development and application of an analytical method for the determination of squalene in formulations of anthrax vaccine adsorbed SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE squalene; anthrax vaccines; Gulf War Syndrome; reverse-phase liquid chromatography; method validation ID GULF-WAR; HPLC AB Specific lots of Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed, administered to members of the US Armed Forces, have been described on various Internet sites and in news articles as a source of squalene, a chemical purported by these media to be associated with the Gulf War Syndrome. We have developed and validated a method using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection for the determination of squalene in anthrax vaccine preparations. The method has a limit of detection of 140 parts per billion and has been successfully applied to a commercial vaccine known to contain squalene. We have applied this method to 17 lots of Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed administered to members of the US Armed Forces. No squalene has been detected in any lot. The results of these analyses provide direct evidence for the absence of squalene as an ingredient or a manufacturing contaminant in Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20314 USA. RP Spanggord, RJ (reprint author), SRI Int, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0731-7085 J9 J PHARMACEUT BIOMED JI J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. PD JUN 20 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 183 EP 193 AR PII S0731-7085(02)00009-2 DI 10.1016/S0731-7085(02)00009-2 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 567PU UT WOS:000176493900019 PM 12062677 ER PT J AU Lucassen, F Harmon, R Franz, G Romer, RL Becchio, R Siebel, W AF Lucassen, F Harmon, R Franz, G Romer, RL Becchio, R Siebel, W TI Lead evolution of the Pre-Mesozoic crust in the Central Andes (18-27 degrees): progressive homogenisation of Pb SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Central Andes; Paleozoic basement; Pb-isotopes; crustal composition ID EARLY PALEOZOIC EVOLUTION; NORTHERN CHILE; MOBILE BELT; ARGENTINE PRECORDILLERA; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; WESTERN BOLIVIA; SOUTH-AMERICA; BASEMENT; ALTIPLANO AB Pb-isotope composition of feldspar determined for a suite of granitoid magmatic and metamorphic rocks of Cambrian to Permian age provides a guide to the crustal composition in the Central Andes as it evolved during the Paleozoic. The large range of Pb-isotope composition of magmatic rocks older than 500 Ma contrasts with the homogeneous Pb-isotope composition of magmatic and metamorphic rocks that formed between 500 Ma and the Late Paleozoic, There are four isotopically distinct crustal domains discernible. Three of them, associated with pre-500-Ma-old rocks, are characterised by similar Pb-206/Pb-204 of Pb-207/Pb-204 ca. 16.6-17.0 and are distinguished from each other by contrasting Pb-207/Pb-204 and Pb-208/Pb-204 signatures. We distinguish (i) an unradiogenic source with Pb-207/Pb-204 of ca. 15.4 and Pb-208/Pb-204 of ca. 36.5, which may have been the principal source of crustal lead for Cenozoic magmatic rocks north of 21degreesS, (ii) an old high-mu source with Pb-207/Pb-204 of ca. 15.8 and Pb-208/Pb-204 of ca. 36.5-37.5, and (iii) an Arequipa-type source with Pb-207/Pb-204 of ca. 15.6 and Pb-208/Ph-204 of ca. 38.5. The fourth crustal lead source, a radiogenic source, is characterised by a relatively small range of Pb-isotope compositions of Paleozoic gneisses of the basement (Pb-206/Pb-204 ca. 18.0-18.8, Pb-207/Pb-204 ca. 15.55-15.75, Pb-208/Pb-204 ca. 37.5-38.5) and most intrusions which formed after high-grade metamorphism at ca. 500 Ma. The compositional range given by present day Pb-isotope ratios of radiogenic source (average values: Pb-206/Pb-204 18.38, Pb-207/Pb-204 15.64, Pb-208/Pb-204 38.11) which also represent the present day composition of those parts of the radiogenic source depleted in U at ca. 500 Ma, is clearly reflected in the Pb-isotope ratios of the widespread Cenozoic ignimbrites and andesites from the Central Andes south of 21 degreesS. Rocks of all lead sources have Proterozoic crustal residence ages (t(DM) = ca. 1.6-2.0 Ga). However, the three sources of little radiogenic Pb-206/Pb-204 experienced a dominantly metamorphic redistribution of U, Th, and Pb early in their history. The Early Paleozoic major metamorphic-magmatic cycle incorporated these inherited Pb-isotope domains of minor volume into the radiogenic source south of 21 degreesS. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. Tech Univ Berlin, Fachgebit Petrol, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. Univ Munster, Inst Mineralog, D-48149 Munster, Germany. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Nacl Salta, GEONORTE & SEGEMAR, RA-4400 Salta, Argentina. RP Lucassen, F (reprint author), Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. NR 57 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 3-4 BP 183 EP 197 AR PII S0009-2541(01)00407-7 DI 10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00407-7 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 573PN UT WOS:000176840200001 ER PT J AU Kelly, DJ Richards, AL Temenak, J Strickman, D Dasch, GA AF Kelly, DJ Richards, AL Temenak, J Strickman, D Dasch, GA TI The past and present threat of rickettsial diseases to military medicine and international public health SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID SPOTTED-FEVER GROUP; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; OPERATION-DESERT-SHIELD; TICK-BORNE INFECTIONS; SCRUB-TYPHUS; ORIENTIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; EPIDEMIC TYPHUS; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN EHRLICHIOSIS; MURINE TYPHUS AB Morbidity and mortality caused by rickettsioses have had a major influence on military activities and public health for >2000 years. The threat posed by the rickettsioses is reviewed, focusing on the impact and epidemiology of those that have adversely influenced wartime operations and the current challenges posed by these diseases. With their uneven worldwide distribution, the discovery of drug-refractory strains of Orientia tsutsugamushi, the increased threat of their use in acts of bioterrorism, frequent deployment of troops to regions of endemicity, and exposures due to increased humanitarian missions, these diseases continue to be a threat to military personnel in the field. Effective strategies to reduce the impact of these diseases include development of effective vaccines, enhanced surveillance, and development of new safe, effective, and odorless repellants. The continuation of a proven, highly productive military infectious disease research program is essential for providing solutions to these daunting tasks. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol Genet, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Naval Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kelly, DJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol Genet, 484 W 12Th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 204 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 34 SU 4 BP S145 EP S169 DI 10.1086/339908 PG 25 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 566PT UT WOS:000176438000001 PM 12016590 ER PT J AU Johnson, AW Jacobson, SH AF Johnson, AW Jacobson, SH TI On the convergence of generalized hill climbing algorithms SO DISCRETE APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE simulated annealing; threshold accepting; hill climbing algorithms; discrete optimization; convergence; local search ID OPTIMIZATION AB Generalized hill climbing (GHC) algorithms provide a general local search strategy to address intractable discrete optimization problems, GHC algorithms include as special cases stochastic local search algorithms such as simulated annealing and the noising method, among others. In this paper, a proof of convergence of GHC algorithms is presented, that relaxes the sufficient conditions for the most general convergence proof for stochastic local search algorithms in the literature. Note that classical convergence proofs for stochastic local search algorithms require either that an exponential distribution be used to model the acceptance of candidate solutions along a search trajectory, or that the Markov chain model of the algorithm must be reversible. The proof in this paper removes these limitations. by introducing a new path concept between global and local optima. Convergence is based on the asymptotic behavior of path probabilities between local and global optima. Examples are given to illustrate the convergence conditions. Implications of this result are also discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Johnson, AW (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. OI Jacobson, Sheldon/0000-0002-9042-8750 NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-218X J9 DISCRETE APPL MATH JI Discret Appl. Math. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 119 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 57 AR PII S0166-218X(01)00264-5 DI 10.1016/S0166-218X(01)00264-5 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 536KX UT WOS:000174700200003 ER PT J AU Dana, GL Davis, RE Fountain, AG Wharton, RA AF Dana, GL Davis, RE Fountain, AG Wharton, RA TI Satellite-derived indices of stream discharge in Taylor Valley, Antarctica SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE glacier melt; AVHRR; surface temperature; Antarctica ID CLIMATE AB Temperature indices from NOAA-AVHRR data were developed to predict diurnal and seasonal streamflow in Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Masks of the primary land-cover types (snow, glacier ice, lake ice, and soils) were created from Landsat TM data using binary threshold methods. The masks were then scaled to AVHRR resolution using modal selection of pixels and applied to both diurnal and seasonal time series of AVHRR temperature data from the 1994-95 austral summer season. A temperature area index (TAI) was calculated for different land-cover types, as well as for the entire watershed. The TAI was defined as the number of pixels at or above a specified temperature. Diurnal discharge was well characterized by a linear relationship of streamflow to the TAI using a temperature threshold of 259 K from all land class pixels for lower Taylor Valley. Neither index successfully predicted seasonal discharge, most likely due to the mismatch of time scales between the satellite and streamflow data. The TAI has great potential for predicting diurnal streamflow in both Taylor Valley and other remote areas within the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Community Coll Syst, Reno, NV USA. Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Off Polar Programs, Washington, DC 20550 USA. RP Dana, GL (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 8 SI SI BP 1603 EP 1616 DI 10.1002/hyp.1024 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 564VM UT WOS:000176334300007 ER PT J AU Mangada, MM Endy, TP Nisalak, A Chunsuttiwat, S Vaughn, DW Libraty, DH Green, S Ennis, FA Rothman, AL AF Mangada, MM Endy, TP Nisalak, A Chunsuttiwat, S Vaughn, DW Libraty, DH Green, S Ennis, FA Rothman, AL TI Dengue-specific T cell responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained prior to secondary dengue virus infections in Thai schoolchildren SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2000 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg ID INTERFERON GAMMA-PRODUCTION; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; LYMPHOCYTE CLONES; DISEASE SEVERITY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; NS3; PATHOGENESIS; ACTIVATION; CHILDREN AB Children who experience secondary dengue virus (DV) infections are at increased risk for dengue hemorrhagic fever. To study the effect of preexisting T cell responses to DV on the severity of secondary virus infection, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 10 subsequently hospitalized and 12 nonhospitalized Thai schoolchildren were stimulated with inactivated dengue antigens, and proliferation of interferon (IFN)-gamma or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha responses of the preinfection PBMC were measured. Proliferation responses were observed in 11 subjects, and IFN-gamma responses were seen in 12 subjects, 6 of whom showed broad serotype cross-reactive IFN-gamma responses. TNF-alpha responses were detected exclusively in 4 hospitalized subjects. Four PBMC samples that showed neither proliferation nor cytokine responses to any dengue antigen were from nonhospitalized subjects. This study, thought to be the first to investigate T cell responses to DV in preinfection PBMC, suggests that the pattern of preexisting T cell responses influences the risk for severe disease. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. USA, Dept Virol, Med Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Communicable Dis Control, Div Gen Communicable Dis, Bangkok, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Rothman, AL (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, Rm S5-326,55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 34533] NR 42 TC 67 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 12 BP 1697 EP 1703 DI 10.1086/340822 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 558AA UT WOS:000175940800001 PM 12085313 ER PT J AU DaSilva, L Welcher, BC Ulrich, RG Aman, MJ David, CS Bavari, S AF DaSilva, L Welcher, BC Ulrich, RG Aman, MJ David, CS Bavari, S TI Humanlike immune response of human leukocyte antigen-DR3 transgenic mice to staphylococcal enterotoxins: A novel model for superantigen vaccines SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CLASS-II MOLECULES; MHC CLASS-II; EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; COLLAGEN-INDUCED ARTHRITIS; HIGH-AFFINITY BINDING; T-CELL ACTIVATION; BACTERIAL SUPERANTIGENS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; LETHAL SHOCK; HLA-DR AB This study examined the biologic responses of transgenic mice expressing human leukocyte antigen (HLA)- DR3 and human CD4 molecules, in the absence of murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules (Ab(0)), to staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and evaluated protective immunity of a nonsuperantigen form of SEB against wild-type holotoxin. HLA-DR3 transgenic mice responded to several log lower concentrations of SEs and secreted higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines than did wild-type mice. Vaccination of transgenic mice with a nonsuperantigenic form of SEB induced high levels of neutralizing anti-SEB antibodies, which protected the mice from a surge in proinflammatory cytokine secretion after SEB challenge. The humanlike responses of the transgenic mice to SEs support the hypothesis that these mice represent an appropriate model to examine vaccines and therapeutics against SEs. This is thought to be the first report of examination of a vaccine against SEB in the context of human MHC class II receptors. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Mayo Med Sch, Dept Immunol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Bavari, S (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 14764] NR 51 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 12 BP 1754 EP 1760 DI 10.1086/340828 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 558AA UT WOS:000175940800009 PM 12085321 ER PT J AU Zhang, SS Jow, TR AF Zhang, SS Jow, TR TI Optimization of synthesis condition and electrode fabrication for spinel LiMn2O4 cathode SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE spinel LiMn2O4; cyclic voltammetry; capacity fading; carbon blacks; Li-ion battery ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; CELLS AB We used cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic cycling test to optimize the synthesis condition and electrode composition for spinel LiMn2O4 cathode. Based on a synthetic approach of solid reaction, the most appropriate Li-Mn source for the synthesis of LiMn2O4 was found to be LiOH/NbO2 and the optimum synthesis condition was to react at 750 degreesC in air for 18 h. The LiMn2O4 such obtained has an initial specific capacity of 120-130 mAh/g between 3.5 and 4.2 V. In the electrode films, the carbon that was used as a conducting agent significantly affects performance of the LiMn2O4 electrode. Among the carbons examined in this work, we found that carbon black from Alfa Aesar was a better conducting agent and its appropriate content was around 10% in the LiMn2O4 electrode. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, SS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110 NR 21 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 109 IS 1 BP 172 EP 177 AR PII S0378-7753(02)00063-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 567HX UT WOS:000176480300024 ER PT J AU Wolfenstine, J Campos, S Foster, D Read, J Behl, WK AF Wolfenstine, J Campos, S Foster, D Read, J Behl, WK TI Nano-scale Cu6Sn5 anodes SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE nano-scale; Li-ion; batteries; capacity; anode ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; ION BATTERIES; INSERTION ELECTRODE; SN; POWDERS; ALLOYS; LI AB Nano-scale (<100 nm) Cu5Sn6 powders were prepared by a chemical method that used a NaBH4 solution to reduce the metal ions. A significant improvement in capacity retention was obtained in the nano-scale Cu6Sn5 alloy, compared to the alloy having micron-sized particles. The volumetric capacity of the nano-scale Cu6Sn5 alloy at 100 cycles was almost twice the theoretical capacity of graphite. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,DC, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wolfenstine, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,DC, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 21 TC 112 Z9 126 U1 4 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 109 IS 1 BP 230 EP 233 AR PII S0378-7753(02)00061-7 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00061-7 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 567HX UT WOS:000176480300032 ER PT J AU Lawson, S Ward, DT Conner, C Gallagher, C Tsokos, G Shea-Donohue, T AF Lawson, S Ward, DT Conner, C Gallagher, C Tsokos, G Shea-Donohue, T TI Diabetic hyperglycemia: A facilitating factor in systemic capillary leak SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ischemia-reperfusion; neutrophil; inflammation; rat ID MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE; RAT SMALL-INTESTINE; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION; PATHOGENESIS; PROTECTS; INJURY AB Background. Diabetes is a known risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality following trauma and serious injuries. The current studies were designed to investigate the effects of diabetes on both local and systemic injury following mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Materials and methods. Rats received streptozotocin (65 mg/kg ip) to induce diabetes or vehicle and were studied 8 weeks later. In another group of normal rats, hyperglycemia (blood sugar >200 mg/dl) was induced by intravenous infusion of a glucose solution. Rats were subjected to 10 or 30 min of superior mesenteric artery occlusion followed by I or 4 h of reperfusion or a sham operation. Intestinal mucosal injury, neutrophil infiltration, and changes in capillary leak were determined. Flow cytometry was used to assess neutrophil "priming state." Results. Euglycemic and acutely hyperglycemic rats exhibited no mucosal injury after 10 min of ischemia, but did show significant damage after 30 min of ischemia followed by 1 h of reperfusion. Euglycemic rats had significant capillary leak following 30 min of ischemia and 4 h of reperfusion that was associated with an increase in the neutrophil priming state. In acute hyperglycemia, leak occurred after 30 min of ischemia and only 1 h of reperfusion. Diabetic rats exhibited significant mucosal injury after 10 min of ischemia and 1 h of reperfusion that was associated with significant capillary leak and increased neutrophil priming state. Conclusion. Altered neutrophil activity contributes to the increased susceptibility to local intestinal and systemic injury in diabetes. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Forest Glen, MD 20910 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shea-Donohue, T (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4804 J9 J SURG RES JI J. Surg. Res. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 105 IS 2 BP 95 EP 101 DI 10.1006/jsre.2002.6370 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 573BB UT WOS:000176808500004 PM 12121693 ER PT J AU Overberg, ME Theodoropoulou, N Chu, SNG Pearton, SJ Abernathy, CR Hebard, AF Wilson, RG Zavada, JM AF Overberg, ME Theodoropoulou, N Chu, SNG Pearton, SJ Abernathy, CR Hebard, AF Wilson, RG Zavada, JM TI Effects of Ni implantation into bulk and epitaxial GaP on structural and magnetic characteristics SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ni implantation; charge carriers; semiconductors ID ION-IMPLANTATION; SEMICONDUCTOR; FERROMAGNETISM AB Structural and magnetic characteristics of Ni-implanted GaP were measured for doses in the range 3-5 X 10(16) cm(-2). After subsequent annealing at 700 degreesC, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed residual lattice damage which was more significant in highly carbon-doped epi layers as compared to bulk GaP substrates. The magnetization measurements showed two different contributions, one present at less than or equal to75 K and the other below similar to225 K. No secondary phase formation was detected in either type of GaP. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Agere Syst, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Overberg, ME (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 94 IS 1 BP 14 EP 19 AR PII S0921-5107(02)00055-7 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(02)00055-7 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 559KF UT WOS:000176024800003 ER PT J AU DiLabio, GA Hurley, MM Christiansen, PA AF DiLabio, GA Hurley, MM Christiansen, PA TI Simple one-electron quantum capping potentials for use in hybrid QM/MM studies of biological molecules SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; OPTIMIZATION SCHEME; ATOMS; ELEMENTS; SYSTEMS; 1ST-ROW; QM AB Calculations demonstrate that with a minor modification conventional ab initio effective potentials can be employed in place of link atoms to truncate quantum regions in hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations. Simple quantum capping potentials are formed by replacing excess valence electrons in conventional effective potentials by spherical shielding and Pauli terms chosen to duplicate all-electron molecular structures and charge distributions. Tests involving truncated histidine show errors in charge and protonation energy to be reduced as compared to the link atom approach. Because of the use of conventional effective potential expansions, this approach can be implemented with minimal or no program modifications. Indeed, in its simplest form it requires the addition of only a single Gaussian and adjustable parameter to a conventional effective potential expansion. The parametrization requires little effective potential expertise or effort. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM pac@clarkson.edu NR 30 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 8 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 22 BP 9578 EP 9584 DI 10.1063/1.1477182 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 554PL UT WOS:000175744600004 ER PT J AU Waag, DM England, MJ Tammariello, RF Byrne, WR Gibbs, P Banfield, CM Pitt, MLM AF Waag, DM England, MJ Tammariello, RF Byrne, WR Gibbs, P Banfield, CM Pitt, MLM TI Comparative efficacy and immunogenicity of Q fever chloroform: methanol residue (CMR) and phase I cellular (Q-Vax) vaccines in cynomolgus monkeys challenged by aerosol SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Q fever; vaccine; immunity ID COXIELLA-BURNETII; GUINEA-PIGS; IMMUNITY; MICE; VACCINATION AB Preliminary evidence gathered in rodents and livestock suggested that a phase I chloroform: methanol residue (CMR) extracted vaccine was safe and efficacious in protecting these animals from challenge with the obligate phagolysosomal pathogen (Coxiella burnetii). Prior to the initiation of phase 11 studies in human volunteers, we compared, in non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis), the efficacy of CMR vaccine with Q-Vax, a licensed cellular Australian Q fever vaccine that has been demonstrated to provide complete protection in human volunteers. Vaccine efficacy was assessed by evaluating thoracic radiographs and the presence of fever and bacteremia in monkeys challenged by aerosol with Coxiella burnetii. Changes in blood chemistries, hematology, behavior and pulmonary function were also examined. CMR, whether administered in single 30 or 100 mug doses or two 30 mug subcutaneous doses, crave equivalent protection in vaccine recipients as a single 30 mug dose of Q-Vax. In addition, vaccination resulted in significant, although temporary, increases in specific antibody titers against C. burnetti phases I and 11 antigens. The C. burnetii CMR vaccine may be an efficacious alternative to cellular Q fever vaccines in humans. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Pathogenesis & Immunol Branch, Bacteriol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Toxinol & Aerobiol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Biometr & Informat Management Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Dept Def, Clin Serv & Radiol, Mil Working Dog Vet Serv, Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Waag, DM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Pathogenesis & Immunol Branch, Bacteriol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 7 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 19-20 BP 2623 EP 2634 AR PII S0264-410X(02)00176-7 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00176-7 PG 12 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 566YQ UT WOS:000176456200027 PM 12057622 ER PT J AU Hoke, SH AF Hoke, SH TI Hydrogen fluoride analyzer for gases and aerosols SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE hydrogen fluoride; gas analyzer; fire suppressant; fluoride electrode; toxic gas analysis AB Many fire suppression agents are currently used, and the replacement candidates for these agents contain fluorine atoms. When these agents are used to extinguish a fire, large quantities of hydrogen fluoride gas can be produced from the thermal degradation of fluorinated organic compounds. A real-time analyzer has been developed to measure exposure levels of hydrogen fluoride gas and aerosols during fire suppression tests. A vacuum pump pulls air through a continuous denuder, where the toxic gas and aerosols are extracted from the air into an aqueous trapping solution. The trapping solution then passes through a flow cell, where a fluoride ion-selective electrode measures the fluoride ion concentration. A solenoid pump moves the trapping solution and calibration standards through the analyzer. Once calibrated, the analyzer can generate a concentration profile of hydrogen fluoride versus time. This hydrogen fluoride analyzer is portable and can be calibrated in about 5 min. It provides rapid response to hydrogen fluoride gas and aerosols, over a detection range from 1 to 5000 mg/m(3). Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Hoke, SH (reprint author), CSTE, DTC, AT, WCC, Bldg 363,400 Colleran Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JUN 5 PY 2002 VL 460 IS 2 BP 219 EP 225 AR PII S0003-2670(02)00247-7 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(02)00247-7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 563ZD UT WOS:000176287300009 ER PT J AU Shchelkunov, SN Totmenin, AV Safronov, PF Mikheev, MV Gutorov, VV Ryazankina, OI Petrov, NA Babkin, IV Uvarova, EA Sandakhchiev, LS Sisler, JR Esposito, JJ Damon, IK Jahrling, PB Moss, B AF Shchelkunov, SN Totmenin, AV Safronov, PF Mikheev, MV Gutorov, VV Ryazankina, OI Petrov, NA Babkin, IV Uvarova, EA Sandakhchiev, LS Sisler, JR Esposito, JJ Damon, IK Jahrling, PB Moss, B TI Analysis of the monkeypox virus genome SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Review ID DEPENDENT RNA-POLYMERASE; TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE MUTANTS; EXTRACELLULAR ENVELOPED VIRUS; INVERTED TERMINAL REPETITION; EARLY TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; THYMIDINE KINASE GENE; TRIPHOSPHATE PHOSPHOHYDROLASE-I; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; COMPLEMENT CONTROL PROTEINS; ACTIN-CONTAINING MICROVILLI AB Monkeypox virus (MPV) belongs to the orthopoxvirus genus of the family Poxviridae, is endemic in parts of Africa, and causes a human disease that resembles smallpox. The 196,858-by MPV genome was analyzed with regard to structural features and open reading frames. Each end of the genome contains an identical but oppositely oriented 6379-bp terminal inverted repetition, which similar to that of other orthopoxviruses, includes a putative telomere resolution sequence and short tandem repeats. Computer-assisted analysis was used to identify 190 open reading frames containing greater than or equal to60 amino acid residues. Of these, four were present within the inverted terminal repetition. MPV contained the known essential orthopoxvirus genes but only a subset of the putative immunomodulatory and host range genes. Sequence comparisons confirmed the assignment of MPV as a distinct species of orthopoxvirus that is not a direct ancestor or a direct descendent of variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox. C1 State Res Ctr Virol & Biotechnol Vector, Koltsov 630559, Russia. NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Moss, B (reprint author), State Res Ctr Virol & Biotechnol Vector, Koltsov 630559, Russia. RI Sandakhchiev, Lev/B-7035-2012; Babkin, Igor/R-1598-2016 NR 224 TC 52 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN 5 PY 2002 VL 297 IS 2 BP 172 EP 194 DI 10.1006/viro.2002.1446 PG 23 WC Virology SC Virology GA 573HG UT WOS:000176822800002 PM 12083817 ER PT J AU Choe, JY Blomquist, SM Morton, DC AF Choe, JY Blomquist, SM Morton, DC TI Characteristics of SrS : Cu thin-film electroluminescent device fabricated by pulsed-laser deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORS; GROWTH; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; CHARGE AB SrS:Cu film was deposited by a pulsed-laser deposition method to fabricate the phosphor film for thin-film electroluminescent (EL) devices. The devices were annealed in dry nitrogen gas to give the characteristic blue emission with a chromaticity coordinate of (0.17, 0.24). The luminance at 100 Hz driving frequency reached 6 cd/cm(2) with corresponding transferred charge of 4.1 muC/cm(2). The excellent stoichiometry replication of the film from the target being sputtered, pulsed-laser deposition can serve as a convenient method for fabricating high-quality thin-film EL devices of different composition by changing target concentrations. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USA, Electroopt & Photon Div, SEDD, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Choe, JY (reprint author), USA, Electroopt & Photon Div, SEDD, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 3 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 22 BP 4124 EP 4126 DI 10.1063/1.1483925 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 555BB UT WOS:000175771800014 ER PT J AU Rajendran, V Saxena, A Doctor, BP Kozikowski, AP AF Rajendran, V Saxena, A Doctor, BP Kozikowski, AP TI Synthesis of more potent analogues of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, huperzine B SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; AGENT AB The synthesis and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity of analogues of huperzine B are reported. These new racemic analogues show a better AChE inhibitory activity than the natural product huperzine B. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Drug Discovery Program, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kozikowski, AP (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Drug Discovery Program, 3900 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD JUN 3 PY 2002 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1521 EP 1523 AR PII S0960-894X(02)00204-4 DI 10.1016/S0960-894X(02)00204-4 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 559FJ UT WOS:000176014700020 PM 12031333 ER PT J AU Sheshukov, AY Egorov, AG AF Sheshukov, AY Egorov, AG TI Frozen barrier evolution in saturated porous media SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE soil freezing; frozen barrier; mushy zone; numerical modeling ID FROST HEAVE; FLOW AB A numerical model capable of simulating the freezing of aqueous solution flow in saturated porous media is presented. This model is based on a finite-difference approximation of the coupled equations for liquid water flow, heat and solute transport and phase change. The phase change equation facilitates the condition for the special case when liquid water and ice can reside in the pore space simultaneously, leading to a 'mushy' zone. Results are presented to show the evolution of multiple frozen regions growing by a chain of freezing pipes. Two different regimes for the evolution of frozen bodies are distinguished based on system parameters. For the regime with lower freezing rate separate frozen bodies exist at steady-state, while for higher freezing rate the regime is characterized by linked frozen bodies. The numerical solution for the first regime is tested by a semi-analytical solution for the case of fresh water. For the second regime the model is able to simulate the process up to the point when linking of the separate frozen bodies occurs. For both regimes freezing is hindered downgradient of the freeze pipe where solute becomes highly concentrated, and a wedge of unfrozen media forms. For the first regime the wedge eventually forms into a liquid 'island' surrounded by ice-bearing porous media. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Kazan VI Lenin State Univ, Chebotarev Res Inst Math & Mech, Kazan 420008, Russia. RP Sheshukov, AY (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, 1390 Eckles Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Egorov, Andrey/K-7724-2015; OI Egorov, Andrey/0000-0002-0140-9321 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 25 IS 6 BP 591 EP 599 AR PII S0309-1708(02)00033-7 DI 10.1016/S0309-1708(02)00033-7 PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 593YZ UT WOS:000178023200001 ER PT J AU Sankar, BV Tzeng, JT AF Sankar, BV Tzeng, JT TI Thermal stresses in functionally graded beams SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITES; GRADIENTS AB Thermoelastic equilibrium equations for a functionally, graded beam are solved in closed-form to obtain the axial stress distribution. The thermoelastic constants of the beam and the temperature were assumed to vary exponentially through the thickness. The Poisson ratio was held constant. The exponential variation of the elastic constants and the temperature allow exact solution for the plane thermoelasticity equations. A simple Euler-Bernoulli-type beam theory is also developed based on the assumption that plane sections remain plane and normal to the beam axis. The stresses were calculated for cases for which the elastic constants vary in the same manner as the temperature and vice versa. The residual thermal stresses are greatly reduced, when the variation of thermoelastic constants are opposite to that of the temperature distribution. When both elastic constants and temperature increase through the thickness in the same direction, they cause a significant raise in thermal stresses. For the case of nearly uniform temperature along the length of the [)earn, beam theory is adequate in predicting thermal residual stresses. C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Sankar, BV (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. OI Sankar, Bhavani/0000-0002-4556-1982 NR 9 TC 103 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1228 EP 1232 DI 10.2514/2.1775 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 557ZA UT WOS:000175938100028 ER PT J AU Grace, KA Swiecki, J Hyatt, R Gibbs, H Jones, DL Sheikh, M Spain, J Maneval, KW Viola, R Taylor, AJ AF Grace, KA Swiecki, J Hyatt, R Gibbs, H Jones, DL Sheikh, M Spain, J Maneval, KW Viola, R Taylor, AJ TI Implementation of a therapeutic-interchange clinic for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASHP Midyear Clinical Meeting CY DEC 05-07, 2000 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA SP ASHP DE ambulatory care; antilipemic agents; atorvastatin; cerivastatin; costs; Hypercholesterolemia; pravastatin; simvastatin; substitution ID EDUCATION; CARE; PHARMACISTS; PROGRAM AB A therapeutic-interchange clinic for statins is described. In 1999, the Department of Defense mandated the use of cerivastatin and simvastatin as the formulary statins in all military health care facilities by April 2000. Cerivastatin was the preferred agent; the goal was to use this agent in 60-65% of all patients. Walter Reed Army Medical Center developed a voluntary therapeutic-interchange clinic for patients receiving statins. Goals included facilitating the rapid switching of patients to the formulary statins, maximizing the use of the preferred agent, maintaining for improving lipid control, monitoring safety, determining costs, educating patients their treatment, and documenting satisfaction with the clinic. Written educational materials were prepared, an algorithm for statin conversion was created, and laboratory tests were performed, among other measures. Between January and April 2000, 1356 patients were seen by the therapeutic-interchange clinic; of these, 942 agreed to have the efficacy and safety of their therapy monitored by the clinic. Before the formulary change, the most commonly prescribed statins were atorvastatin (44% of patients) and pravastatin (42%). Under the conversion policy, 96% of patients received cerivastatin and 4% simvastatin. The percentage of patients achieving their targeted low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol concentration increased from 65% to 75%. The policy saved an average of $115 per patient in the first year. Most patients were satisfied with the clinic, but only 36% of providers were satisfied. Cerivastatin was withdrawn from the market in August 2001; simvastatin became the only formulary statin. A therapeutic-interchange clinic at a military medical center provided an efficient means of switching a large number of patients to alternative statin therapy, monitoring the outcomes, and individualizing patient care. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Natl Capital Consortium Cardiol Training Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, Pharm Clin Support Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. GlaxoSmithKline, Div Resp, San Francisco, CA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Hlth Plan Management, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Psychiat, Sheppard Pratt Psychiat Residency Training Progra, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USA Med Act, Dept Pharm, Heidelberg, Germany. RP Taylor, AJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Natl Capital Consortium Cardiol Training Program, Bldg 2,Room 4A, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS PI BETHESDA PA 7272 WISCONSIN AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1079-2082 J9 AM J HEALTH-SYST PH JI Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 59 IS 11 BP 1077 EP 1082 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 558DX UT WOS:000175952000009 PM 12063893 ER PT J AU Engel, CC Liu, M Hoge, C Smith, S AF Engel, CC Liu, M Hoge, C Smith, S TI Multiple idiopathic physical symptoms in the ECA study: Competing-risks analysis of 1-year incidence, mortality, and resolution SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGIC CATCHMENT-AREA; CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME; PRIMARY-CARE; ABRIDGED SOMATIZATION; DISORDER; LIFE; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; COMMUNITY; SEVERITY AB Objective: Competing-risks analysis was used to determine the 1-year longitudinal outcomes, including mortality, associated with multiple idiopathic physical symptoms in a population sample, Method: The authors analyzed baseline and 1-year follow-up data from the population-based NIMH Epidemiological Catchment Area Study. Multinomial logit regression was used to examine the incidence of multiple idiopathic physical symptoms, resolution of such symptoms, and related mortality among individuals in the general population, with adjustment for demographic characteristics and the presence or absence at baseline of a lifetime diagnosis of major depression, dysthymia, anxiety disorder, and alcohol abuse. Multinomial logit modeling also accounts for the impact of competing outcomes, such as survey nonresponse. Results: Most of the individuals with multiple idiopathic physical symptoms recovered over the ensuing year. The incidence of multiple idiopathic physical symptoms among those without such symptoms at baseline was 1.7%. The predicted mortality among individuals with multiple idiopathic physical symptoms at baseline was higher than for individuals not having such symptoms at baseline (0.28% versus 0.18%). The higher mortality rate among those with multiple idiopathic physical symptoms at baseline persisted after adjustment for covariates and competing outcomes. Conclusions: Outcomes associated with multiple idiopathic physical symptoms vary widely. Most individuals improve over time. However, the course for a few individuals is less benign than perhaps previously thought. Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms behind increases in mortality related to multiple idiopathic physical symptoms, the predictors of poor prognosis, and whether mortality remains elevated over longer periods of follow-up. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, F Edward Herbert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Hlth Clin Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neuropsychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Engel, CC (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, F Edward Herbert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST, N W, STE 1101, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 159 IS 6 BP 998 EP 1004 DI 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.6.998 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 558DQ UT WOS:000175951300017 PM 12042189 ER PT J AU Bui-Mansfield, LT Williamson, M Wheeler, DT Johnstone, F AF Bui-Mansfield, LT Williamson, M Wheeler, DT Johnstone, F TI Guyon's canal lipoma causing ulnar neuropathy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Keller Army Community Hosp, Dept Radiol, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg Pathol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Orthoped Serv, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP Bui-Mansfield, LT (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. NR 4 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 178 IS 6 AR UNSP 0361-803X/02/1786-1458 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 557VT UT WOS:000175929800026 PM 12034617 ER PT J AU Taylor, WRJ Widjaja, H Basri, H Fryauff, DJ Ohrt, C Taufik Tjitra, E Hoffman, SL Baso, S Richie, TL AF Taylor, WRJ Widjaja, H Basri, H Fryauff, DJ Ohrt, C Taufik Tjitra, E Hoffman, SL Baso, S Richie, TL TI Assessing the Parasight (R)-F test in northeastern Papua, Indonesia, an area of mixed Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax transmission SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID P.F/P.V IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC TEST; ANTIGEN-CAPTURE ASSAY; IRIAN-JAYA; CLINICAL-DIAGNOSIS; FIELD-EVALUATION; DIPSTICK TEST; CENTRAL INDIA; F-TEST; MALARIA; RESISTANCE AB User-friendly, reliable, and inexpensive methods for diagnosing malaria are needed at the primary health care level. During a randomized treatment trial, the Parasight(R)-F test was assessed on days 0, 3, 7, and 28 against standard light microscopy of Giemsa-stained thick blood smears for diagnosing Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia in patients with P. falciparum (n = 84) or P. vivax (n = 59) malaria. The median P. falciparum parasite count on day 0 was 2,373/muL (range = 20-74,432/muL). At the start of treatment, the Parasight(R)-F test had a sensitivity of 95.2% (86 of 84; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 88.2-98.7), and a specificity of 94.9% (56 of 59; 95% CI = 85.8-98.9). On day 7, this test showed false-positive results in 17 (16.3%) of 104 patients (95% CI = 9.8-24.9). The Parasight(R)-F test performed well when compared with light microscopy in detecting P. falciparum parasitemia in patients presenting with clinical malaria. However, the high false-positive rate on day 7 limits its use for patient follow-up. C1 Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Indonesian Naval Hosp, Jayapura, Papua N Guinea. NIH, Ctr Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Ctr, Rockville, MD 20853 USA. USN, Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Rumah Sakit Umum, Publ Hosp, Jayapura, Papua N Guinea. RP Taylor, WRJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Unit 8132, FPO, AP 96520 USA. RI Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011 NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 BP 649 EP 652 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 587UB UT WOS:000177660700003 PM 12224568 ER PT J AU Drabick, JJ Davis, BJ Lichy, JH Flynn, J Byrd, JC AF Drabick, JJ Davis, BJ Lichy, JH Flynn, J Byrd, JC TI Human herpesvirus 8 genome is not found in whole bone marrow core biopsy specimens of patients with plasma cell dyscrasias SO ANNALS OF HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HHV8; plasma cell dyscrasia; multiple myeloma; amyloidosis; PCR ID SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; DENDRITIC CELLS; GRAVES-DISEASE; INFECTION; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-8; SEQUENCES; KSHV AB Recently, molecular evidence of the gamma herpesvirus, human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), was found in the nonmalignant bone marrow stromal cells of patients with multiple myeloma using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay. Other investigators have been unable to confirm either the presence of HHV-8 using molecular techniques or serologic evidence of prior infection with HHV-8. In order to maximize the likelihood of detection of small quantities of the virus and minimize the risk of potential nucleic acid contamination, we used entire bone marrow biopsy core specimens for DNA extraction and amplification. These specimens included both malignant plasma cells and bone marrow stromal cells and were subjected to minimal manipulation prior to DNA extraction and PCR. We tested eight patients with various plasma cell dyscrasias and compared them to negative controls with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma using standard PCR assays utilizing the KS330(233) primers and probe for HHV-8. This assay is reproducibly positive in Kaposi's sarcoma tissue. We found no evidence of HHV-8 DNA in either the lymphoma controls or the samples from patients with the plasma cell dyscrasias using these methods. We conclude that HHV-8 is unlikely to play a major role in the pathogenesis of the plasma cell dyscrasias in the majority of patients with these diseases. This report adds to the body of evidence that HHV-8 is not associated with plasma cell dyscrasias like multiple myeloma. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Hemopathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Cellular Pathol & Genet, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Drabick, JJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0939-5555 J9 ANN HEMATOL JI Ann. Hematol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 81 IS 6 BP 304 EP 307 DI 10.1007/s00277-002-0477-0 PG 4 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 572JC UT WOS:000176769900002 PM 12107558 ER PT J AU Noedl, H Wernsdorfer, WH Miller, RS Wongsrichanalai, C AF Noedl, H Wernsdorfer, WH Miller, RS Wongsrichanalai, C TI Histidine-rich protein II: a novel approach to malaria drug sensitivity testing SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM HRP-2; LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE; ASSAY; ANTIGEN; DETOXIFICATION; RESISTANCE; PARASITE; THAILAND AB The production of histidine-rich protein II (HRP2), a histidine- and alanine-rich protein produced by Plasmodium falciparum, is closely associated with the development and proliferation of the parasite and therefore is perfectly suited to reflect growth inhibition as a measure of drug susceptibility. It was the aim of the present study to develop a malaria drug sensitivity assay based on the measurement of HRP2 in a simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The new test proved to be as reliable as traditional in vitro assays, while it was considerably easier to establish and perform. Parasites are incubated at an initial level of parasitemia of 0.01 to 0.1% on microculture plates predosed with ascending concentrations of antimalarial drugs. After incubation for 48 to 72 h, the samples are freeze-thawed and transferred to ELISA plates. The complete ELISA takes about 2.5 h to perform, may be carried out with commercially, available test kits, and requires relatively little technical equipment. In correlation analysis, the results closely paralleled those obtained by the isotopic assay (R = 0.892; P < 0.0001) and World Health Organization schizont maturation tests (R = 0.959; P < 0.0001). The novel HRP2 drug susceptibility assay proved to be very sensitive, simple to establish, and highly reproducible. It can be used for a wide range of applications, from epidemiological studies to the screening of new drugs, and may have the potential to replace traditional in vitro techniques. Standard operating procedures, updated information, and analytical software are available from http://malatin.firch.net. C1 Univ Vienna, Dept Specific Prophylaxis & Trop Med, Inst Pathophysiol, A-1095 Vienna, Austria. USAMC AFRIMS, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol & Med, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Noedl, H (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Dept Specific Prophylaxis & Trop Med, Inst Pathophysiol, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1095 Vienna, Austria. NR 26 TC 114 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1658 EP 1664 DI 10.1128/AAC.46.6.1658-1664.2002 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 553EM UT WOS:000175662800007 PM 12019072 ER PT J AU Bray, M Martinez, M Kefauver, D West, M Roy, C AF Bray, M Martinez, M Kefauver, D West, M Roy, C TI Treatment of aerosolized cowpox virus infection in mice with aerosolized cidofovir SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cowpox virus; orthopoxvirus; smallpox; cidofovir; HPMPC; cyclic HPMPC; aerosol; antiviral therapy ID INFLUENZA-A; CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS; RIBAVIRIN AEROSOL; HPMPC CIDOFOVIR; CYCLIC HPMPC; EFFICACY; AGENT; 1-<((S)-2-HYDROXY-2-OXO-1,4,2-DIOXAPHOSPHORINAN-5-YL)METHYL>CYTOSINE; (S)-1-<3-HYDROXY-2-(PHOSPHONYLMETHOXY)PROPYL>CYTOSINE; (S)-1-(3-HYDROXY-2-PHOSPHONYLMETHOXYPROPYL)CYTOSINE AB The Brighton strain of cowpox virus causes lethal bronchopneumonia when delivered as a small-particle (1 mum) aerosol to weanling BALB/c mice. We showed previously that this disease can be prevented or cured with one subcutaneous injection of cidofovir (HPMPC, Vistide(R)). To determine whether even better results Could be obtained by delivering the drug directly to the respiratory tract, we administered cidofovir by small-particle aqueous aerosol before or after aerosolized cowpox infection. In a series of five experiments, aerosol doses of 0.5-5 mg/kg were always more effective than 25 mg/kg and sometimes more effective than 100 mg/kg injected subcutaneously, as measured by changes in body and lung weight, lung viral titers, pulmonary pathology and survival. A cyclic analog ((1-[(S)-2-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,4,2-dioxaphosphorinan-5-yl)methyl] cytosine) (cHPMPC) was less protective. The results suggest that aerosolized cidofovir would be effective for prophylaxis or early post-exposure therapy of human smallpox or monkeypox virus infection. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, USAMRIID, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, USAMRIID, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Toxinol & Aerobiol Div, USAMRIID, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bray, M (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, USAMRIID, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 35 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 54 IS 3 BP 129 EP 142 AR PII S0166-3542(01)00220-0 DI 10.1016/S0166-3542(01)00220-0 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 555MY UT WOS:000175798900001 PM 12062386 ER PT J AU Han, S Lu, W Sheh, BY Yan, L Wraback, M Shen, H Pamulapati, J Newman, PG AF Han, S Lu, W Sheh, BY Yan, L Wraback, M Shen, H Pamulapati, J Newman, PG TI Generation of sub-40 fs pulses from a mode-locked dual-gain-media Nd : glass laser SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Ultrafast Optics Conference CY JUL 22-26, 2001 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA ID LOCKING AB We propose and demonstrate mode locking of a novel dual-gain-media Nd:fluorophosphate and Nd:silicate glass laser. It overcomes the linewidth limitation of a single-medium Nd:glass laser. A pulse bandwidth of 41 nm has been obtained, which is nearly twice as broad as that from a single-medium Nd:glass laser. Wing-free pulses of 38 fs have been generated, which are the shortest from a Nd:glass laser oscillator. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. USA, Res Lab, Sensor & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Yan, L (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 74 SU S BP S177 EP S179 DI 10.1007/s00340-002-0878-8 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 590GY UT WOS:000177812200029 ER PT J AU del Rincon, I Battafarano, DF Arroyo, RA Murphy, FT Escalante, A AF del Rincon, I Battafarano, DF Arroyo, RA Murphy, FT Escalante, A TI Heterogeneity between men and women in the influence of the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope on the clinical expression of rheumatoid arthritis SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; DISEASE SEVERITY; ISRAELI JEWS; HLA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ASSOCIATION; SEX; MARKERS; ALLELES; AGE AB Objective. To test the hypothesis that the influence of the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) on the clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) differs between men and women. Methods. We assessed 777 consecutive RA patients for age at disease onset, articular manifestations, subcutaneous nodules, laboratory and radiographic findings, and treatment received. We typed HLA-DRB1 alleles by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer amplification and categorized the number of SE-containing alleles. We used regression models to adjust comparisons between the sexes for age and clustering by recruitment center, and included SE X sex interaction terms to look for heterogeneity between men and women in the effect of the SE. Results. Among the 777 RA patients, 548 (71%) were women. Men and women differed significantly in the adjusted frequency of SE positivity (women 71.4% versus men 78.4%; P less than or equal to 0.001). The SE was associated with a younger age at symptom onset and RA diagnosis among men, but not among women. The SE likewise had a significant adverse effect on joint tenderness, swelling, and deformity among men only. The SE was associated with a higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate in women and more frequent positivity for rheumatoid factor among both men and women. Conclusion. There is heterogeneity between men and women in the effect of the SE on RA susceptibility and clinical expression. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism of this heterogeneity. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Escalante, A (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR 1346]; NHLBI NIH HHS [K23 HL 004481]; NIAMS NIH HHS [K24 AR 47530]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD 37151] NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1480 EP 1488 DI 10.1002/art.10295 PG 9 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 562LX UT WOS:000176199200008 PM 12115177 ER PT J AU Castellani, JW Young, AJ Stulz, DE DeGroot, DW Blanchard, LA Staab, JE Sawka, MN AF Castellani, JW Young, AJ Stulz, DE DeGroot, DW Blanchard, LA Staab, JE Sawka, MN TI Pituitary-adrenal and pituitary-thyroid hormone responses during exercise-cold exposure after 7 days of exhaustive exercise SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ACTH; cortisol; skin temperature; thyroxine; vasoconstriction ID ENERGY DEFICIENCY; SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; YOUNG MEN; CORTISOL; DISSOCIATION; PLASMA; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN; THERMOREGULATION; THYROTROPIN; RESISTANCE AB Background: After several days of exhaustive exercise in mild-warm environments, cutaneous vasoconstrictor responses to cold exposure are less effective in conserving body heat than in the rested condition. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axes hormones could mediate this response since they may affect vasoconstriction. The effects of exertional fatigue on pituitary-adrenal hormones and thyroid hormone responses to exercise-cold stress are unknown. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that 7 consecutive days of exercise would decrease adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and coritsol, while elevating thyroid simulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T-3) and thyroxine (T-4) and that these hormones would be related to a blunted vasoconstrictor response to cold. Methods: Nine male volunteers walked, completely wetted, for up to 6 hours in 5degreesC air, when rested (day 0, control) and after 7 consecutive days (day 7) of exhaustive exercise (4 h each day of mixed aerobic and anaerobic activities in thermoneutral conditions). Blood was sampled on day 0 and day 7 at baseline (0700 hours), and before and immediately after cold exposure. Results: At 0700 hours, ACTH and cortisol were elevated (p<0.05) after 7 d of exercise, compared with control conditions. Following exercise-cold exposure, cortisol, T-3, and T-4 increased (p<0.05) similarly on both day 0 and day 7. ACTH and TSH did not increase as a result of exercise-cold exposure on either day. Conclusions: These data indicate that 7 d of exercise elevates basal (0700 hours) pituitary-adrenal stress hormones (ACTH, cortisol). However, 7 d of exercise did not modify adrenal or thyroid hormone responses, relative to the day 0 cold exposure, suggesting that they are not responsible for the blunted vasoconstriction during exercise-cold exposure following 7 consecutive days of exercise. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Biophys & Biomed Modelig Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Castellani, JW (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RI DeGroot, David/E-2322-2015 NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 73 IS 6 BP 544 EP 550 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 555CX UT WOS:000175776700004 PM 12056669 ER PT J AU Bhattacharjee, AK Skanchy, DJ Jennings, B Hudson, TH Brendle, JJ Werbovetz, KA AF Bhattacharjee, AK Skanchy, DJ Jennings, B Hudson, TH Brendle, JJ Werbovetz, KA TI Analysis of stereoelectronic properties, mechanism of action and pharmacophore of synthetic indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-6,12-dione derivatives in relation to antileishmanial activity using quantum chemical, cyclic voltammetry and 3-D-QSAR CATALYST procedures SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LEISHMANIASIS; TRYPTANTHRIN; ANALOGS; AGENTS; MODEL AB Several indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-6,12-dione (tryptanthrin) derivatives exhibited remarkable activity at concentrations below 100mg/mL when tested against in vitro Leishmania donovani amastigotes. The in vitro toxicity studies indicate that the compounds are fairly well tolerated in both macrophage and neuronal lines. An analysis based on qualitative and quantitative structure-activity relationship studies between in vitro antileishmanial activity and molecular electronic structure of 27 analogues of indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-6,12-dione is presented here by using a combination of semi-empirical AMI quantum chemical, cyclic voltammetry and a pharmacophore generation (CATALYST) methods. A modest to good correlation is observed between activity and a few calculated molecular properties such as molecular density, octanol-water partition coefficient, molecular orbital energies, and redox potentials. Electron transfer seems to be a plausible path in the mechanism of action of the compounds. A pharmacophore generated by using the 3-D QSAR of CATALYST produced a fairly accurate predictive model of antileishmanial activity of the tryptanthrins. The validity of the pharmacophore model extends to structurally different class of compounds that could open new frontiers for study. The carbonyl group of the five- and six-membered rings in the indolo[2, 1-b]quinazoline-6,12-dione skeleton and the electron transfer ability to the carbonyl atom appear to be crucial for activity. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bhattacharjee, AK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Werbovetz, Karl/E-4290-2011; Hudson, Thomas/A-9152-2011 NR 31 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1979 EP 1989 AR PII S0968-0896(02)00013-5 DI 10.1016/S0968-0896(02)00013-5 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 540YY UT WOS:000174959500036 PM 11937358 ER PT J AU Gleason, SM Ewel, KC AF Gleason, SM Ewel, KC TI Organic matter dynamics on the forest floor of a Micronesian mangrove forest: An investigation of species composition shifts SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; decomposition; Micronesia; organic matter; Rhizophora apiculata; root production; Sonneratia alba; species composition ID TROPICAL AUSTRALIA; ENERGY-FLOW; CARBON; LITTER; NITROGEN; TURNOVER; GROWTH; ROOTS; CRABS; SOIL AB Species composition shifts in mangrove forests may alter organic matter dynamics. The purpose of this study was to predict the effect of species replacements among mangrove trees on organic matter dynamics in a mangrove forest on the island of Kosrae. Federated States of Micronesia. We were particularly interested in elements of the carbon cycle that affect peat accumulation rates, organic matter exports to the estuary and coral reef systems, and soil microbiology. We compared organic matter production and decomposition rates among three mangrove species that commonly grow in similar hydrogeomorphic settings: Rhizophora apiculata BL, which is selectively harvested; Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, which may gradually replace Rhizophora; and Sonneratia alba, which is producing few mature fruits. Sonneratia had significantly higher rates of root production (estimated with ingrowth chambers) than Bruguiera or Rhizophora. Sonneratia foliage had significantly faster decomposition rates and significantly lower lignin:nitrogen ratios than Bruguiera foliage. Live root mass was positively correlated with ingrowth and soil carbon, although soil carbon and ingrowth were not significantly correlated with each other. Humic acid concentrations were significantly higher in Sonneratia rhizospheres than in either Bruguiera or Rhizophora rhizospheres and were positively correlated with root ingrowth. The species changes taking place on Kosrae are likely to result in lower rates of root production and foliage decomposition, and more refractory carbon pools in soil. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Gleason, SM (reprint author), USA, Directorate Publ Works, Environm Div, POB 6346, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 45 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 17 PU ASSOC TROPICAL BIOLOGY INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD JUN PY 2002 VL 34 IS 2 BP 190 EP 198 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2002.tb00530.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 569EE UT WOS:000176587000001 ER PT J AU Jabbari, B Rokhorenko, O Khajavi, K Mena, H AF Jabbari, B Rokhorenko, O Khajavi, K Mena, H TI Intractable epilepsy and mild brain injury: incidence, pathology and surgical outcome SO BRAIN INJURY LA English DT Article ID HEAD-INJURY; SEIZURES AB Objective: To study the role of mild brain injury in intractable epilepsy. Methods: The medical charts of 86 patients who underwent surgery for intractable epilepsy were reviewed in regard to the history of mild brain injury, pathology and surgical outcome. Results: Nine of 86 patients had a previous history of mild brain injury (10.4%) compared to 2.5% of 80 age and sex matched controls. Six of nine patients had non-neoplastic and three had neoplastic lesions. Post-surgical outcome was excellent in eight of nine patients (Engel class IA). Conclusions: The incidence of mild brain injury was 4-times higher in patients with intractable epilepsy compared to asymptomatic controls. The pathology was variable but in four of nine patients it was compatible with the described pathology in traumatic brain injury. Both groups, with or without brain injury, had good surgical outcome (88% versus 70%). C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Neurosurg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Neuropathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Jabbari, B (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-9052 J9 BRAIN INJURY JI Brain Inj. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 6 BP 463 EP 467 DI 10.1080/02699050110102086 PG 5 WC Neurosciences; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 569RK UT WOS:000176615800001 PM 12119082 ER PT J AU de Bono, JS Schwartz, G Hammond, LA Smith, L Patnaik, A Berg, K Izbicka, E Rowinsky, EK Tolcher, AW AF de Bono, JS Schwartz, G Hammond, LA Smith, L Patnaik, A Berg, K Izbicka, E Rowinsky, EK Tolcher, AW TI Concomitant HER2 and farnesyltransferase blockade by R115777 and trastuzumab in patients with advanced cancer. SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0007-0920 J9 BRIT J CANCER JI Br. J. Cancer PD JUN PY 2002 VL 86 SU 1 BP S110 EP S110 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 575KH UT WOS:000176945100352 ER PT J AU de Bono, JS Hammond, LA Figueroa, J Schwartzberg, L Ochoa, L Patnaik, A Olivo, N Schwartz, G Smith, L Ochs, J Rowinsky, EK AF de Bono, JS Hammond, LA Figueroa, J Schwartzberg, L Ochoa, L Patnaik, A Olivo, N Schwartz, G Smith, L Ochs, J Rowinsky, EK TI Phase I trial of ZD1839 ('Iressa') in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Joe Arrington Canc Ctr, Lubbock, TX USA. AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE USA. Oncol Res Inst, Memphis, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0007-0920 J9 BRIT J CANCER JI Br. J. Cancer PD JUN PY 2002 VL 86 SU 1 BP S50 EP S51 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 575KH UT WOS:000176945100159 ER PT J AU Colbert, LH Lanza, E Ballard-Barbash, R Slattery, ML Tangrea, JA Caan, B Paskett, ED Iber, F Kikendall, W Lance, P Shike, M Schoen, RE Daston, C Schatzkin, A AF Colbert, LH Lanza, E Ballard-Barbash, R Slattery, ML Tangrea, JA Caan, B Paskett, ED Iber, F Kikendall, W Lance, P Shike, M Schoen, RE Daston, C Schatzkin, A CA Polyp Prevention Trial Study Grp TI Adenomatous polyp recurrence and physical activity in the Polyp Prevention Trial (United States) SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE colorectal adenomas; physical activity; Polyp Prevention Trial ID COLORECTAL ADENOMAS; COLON-CANCER; RISK; EXERCISE; OBESITY; PROGRAM; HABITS; DIET; MEN; FAT AB Objective: To examine prospectively the association between physical activity and adenomatous polyp recurrence. Methods: Information on past year total physical activity was collected annually through an interview-administered questionnaire from the 1905 men and women enrolled in a randomized dietary intervention study, the Polyp Prevention Trial. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between physical activity and polyp recurrence in up to three years of follow-up from baseline colonoscopy. Results: There were no significant associations between moderate, vigorous, or total physical activity at the start of the trial and overall polyp recurrence in either men or women. Participants who reported consistent vigorous activity throughout the trial period had no significantly reduced risk of polyp recurrence compared to those who reported consistent sedentary activity (OR = 0.8, CI = 0.5-1.1). Consistent vigorous activity was also not significantly associated with either advanced or multiple polyps, nor with polyp recurrence at any specific anatomical location in the large bowel. Conclusions: These prospective data suggest that recent physical activity is not associated with polyp recurrence in a three-year period. C1 NIA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Kaiser Fdn Res Inst, Oakland, CA USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Edward Hines Jr Hosp, Hines, IL USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Colbert, LH (reprint author), Gateway Bldg,Suite 3C-309,7201 Wisconsin Ave,MSC, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Lance, Peter/I-2196-2014 OI Lance, Peter/0000-0003-2944-1881 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD JUN PY 2002 VL 13 IS 5 BP 445 EP 453 DI 10.1023/A:1015736524447 PG 9 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558CP UT WOS:000175947900007 PM 12146849 ER PT J AU Bauer, AJ Cavalli, LR Rone, JD Francis, GL Burch, HB Tuttle, RM Ringel, MD Stratakis, CA Haddad, BR AF Bauer, AJ Cavalli, LR Rone, JD Francis, GL Burch, HB Tuttle, RM Ringel, MD Stratakis, CA Haddad, BR TI Evaluation of adult papillary thyroid carcinomas by comparative genomic hybridization and microsatellite instability analysis SO CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-DNA CONTENT; COLORECTAL-CANCER; TUMOR PROGRESSION; LESIONS; REVEAL AB To clarity the mechanism Of tumorigenesis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and ascertain whether genomic changes correlate with histologic features, we conducted a comprehensive molecular evaluation of PTC using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) analysis in a set of 17 histologically well-characterized PTC specimens. To our knowledge, this is the first study that evaluates chromosomal Bind nucleotide instability in the same PTC tumor specimens. Four of 15 samples (27%) had aberrations detected by CGH. All four had a partial or complete gain of chromosome 20. and 3 of 4 had a partial or complete loss of chromosome 13. No MSI was detected in any, of the PTC samples (n = 16). and all samples examined by immunohistochemistry (n = 9) expressed the DNA repair enzymes hmlh1 and hmsh2. All PTC samples with abnormal CGH had vascular invasion or invasion of the thyroid capsule, and there was a significant correlation between the presence of chromosomal aberrations and capsular/vascular invasion (P=0.026). We conclude that although chromosomal and microsatellite instability are uncommon in PTC. tumors With chromosomal aberrations are more likely to be associated with invasion. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Mol & Human Genet, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Mol & Human Genet, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Endocrinol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Endocrinol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. NICHHD, Unit Genet & Endocrinol, Dev Endocrinol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Haddad, BR (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Mol & Human Genet, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RI Cavalli, Luciane/J-6100-2012 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0165-4608 J9 CANCER GENET CYTOGEN JI Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 135 IS 2 BP 182 EP 186 AR PII S0165-4608(01)00656-2 DI 10.1016/S0165-4608(01)00656-2 PG 5 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity GA 575UW UT WOS:000176967700011 PM 12127404 ER PT J AU Mather, B AF Mather, B TI A discussion of the paper "Deteriorated pavements due to the alkali-silica reaction: A petrographic study of three cases in Argentina" by S.A. Marfil and P.J. Maiza SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Mather, B (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Struct Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RI Chen, Wei/A-5694-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1003 EP 1003 AR PII S0008-8846(02)00730-5 DI 10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00730-5 PG 1 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 562PT UT WOS:000176208700025 ER PT J AU Shorr, AF Torrington, KG Hnatiuk, OW AF Shorr, AF Torrington, KG Hnatiuk, OW TI Endobronchial sarcoidosis and hyperreactive airways disease SO CHEST LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Shorr, AF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD JUN PY 2002 VL 121 IS 6 BP 2081 EP 2081 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 563TN UT WOS:000176271800064 ER PT J AU Weddle, KJ AF Weddle, KJ TI The Blockade Board of 1861 and Union naval strategy (American Civil War) SO CIVIL WAR HISTORY LA English DT Article C1 US Army War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. RP Weddle, KJ (reprint author), US Army War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KENT STATE UNIV PRESS PI KENT PA C/O JOURNALS DEPT, KENT, OH 44242 USA SN 0009-8078 J9 CIVIL WAR HIST JI Civil War Hist. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 48 IS 2 BP 123 EP 142 DI 10.1353/cwh.2002.0027 PG 20 WC History SC History GA 564KU UT WOS:000176314200002 ER PT J AU McClain, M Heinlen, L Arbuckle, M Dennis, G Rubertone, M Harley, J James, J AF McClain, M Heinlen, L Arbuckle, M Dennis, G Rubertone, M Harley, J James, J TI The onset of autoantibodies prior to diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus follows several predictable patterns. SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oklahoma Med Res Fdn, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 103 IS 3 SU S MA 369 BP S121 EP S121 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 566QK UT WOS:000176439600368 ER PT J AU Rao, M Bray, M Alving, CR Jahrling, P Matyas, GR AF Rao, M Bray, M Alving, CR Jahrling, P Matyas, GR TI Induction of immune responses in mice and monkeys to Ebola virus after immunization with liposome-encapsulated irradiated Ebola virus. SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 103 IS 3 SU S MA 271 BP S89 EP S89 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 566QK UT WOS:000176439600272 ER PT J AU Miliziano, JS Bradley, YC AF Miliziano, JS Bradley, YC TI Soft tissue metastases and lung cancer recurrence detected by Tc-99m depreotide scintigraphy SO CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE lung cancer; NeoTect; soft tissue metastases; Tc-99m depreotide ID SOLITARY PULMONARY NODULES; SOMATOSTATIN AB A 63-year-old woman with previously treated stage I lung cancer was reexamined 5 years later for recurrence. A conventional work-up using computed tomographic scanning and transbronchial biopsy showed nothing abnormal. A Tc-99m depreotide scan, however, led to a noninvasive diagnosis of lung cancer recurrence with metastases, and it directed a noninvasive tissue diagnosis. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Nucl Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Miliziano, JS (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Nucl Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-9762 J9 CLIN NUCL MED JI Clin. Nucl. Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 27 IS 6 BP 410 EP 412 DI 10.1097/00003072-200206000-00004 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 555JK UT WOS:000175790800004 PM 12045431 ER PT J AU Litz, BT Gray, MJ Bryant, RA Adler, AB AF Litz, BT Gray, MJ Bryant, RA Adler, AB TI Early intervention for trauma: Current status and future directions SO CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Review DE early intervention for trauma; psychological debriefing; secondary prevention of PTSD ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; MALE VIETNAM VETERANS; 2-YEAR PROSPECTIVE EVALUATION; VEHICLE ACCIDENT VICTIMS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA; COMBAT VETERANS; COGNITIVE BIAS; VIOLENT CRIME AB Although psychological debriefing (PD) represents the most common form of early intervention for recently traumatized people, there is little evidence supporting its continued use with individuals who experience severe trauma. This review identifies the core issues in early intervention that need to be addressed in resolving the debate over PD. It critiques the available evidence for PD and the early provision of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Based on available evidence, we propose that psychological first aid is an appropriate initial intervention, but that it does not serve a therapeutic or preventive function. When feasible, initial screening is required so that preventive interventions can be used for those individuals who may have difficulty recovering on their own. Evidence-based CBT approaches are indicated for people who are at risk of developing posttraumatic psychopathology. Guidelines for managing acutely traumatized people are suggested and standards are proposed to direct future research that may advance our understanding of the role of early intervention in facilitating adaptation to trauma. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. USA, Med Res Unit Europe, Washington, DC USA. Univ New S Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston Vet Hlth Care Syst, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Litz, BT (reprint author), Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Natl Ctr Posttraumat Stress Disorder 116B2, 150 S Huntington Ave,Room 13-B-74, Boston, MA 02130 USA. OI Bryant, Richard/0000-0002-9607-819X NR 104 TC 168 Z9 173 U1 9 U2 39 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0969-5893 J9 CLIN PSYCHOL-SCI PR JI Clin. Psychol.-Sci. Pract. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 112 EP 134 DI 10.1093/clipsy/9.2.112 PG 23 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 552PN UT WOS:000175628900003 ER PT J AU Cooke, WH Ludwig, DA Hogg, PS Eckberg, DL Convertino, VA AF Cooke, WH Ludwig, DA Hogg, PS Eckberg, DL Convertino, VA TI Does the menstrual cycle influence the sensitivity of vagally mediated baroreflexes? SO CLINICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE baroreflex; reproductive hormones; women ID SYMPATHETIC ACTIVITY; CORONARY-ARTERIES; OVULATORY CYCLE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; YOUNG-WOMEN; RESPONSES; PLASMA; CATECHOLAMINES; HYPERTENSION; PREGNANCY AB The menstrual cycle provokes several physiological changes that could influence autonomic regulatory mechanisms. We studied the carotid-cardiac baroreflex in ten healthy young women on four occasions over the course of their menstrual cycles (days 0-8, 9-14, 15-20 and 21-25). We drew blood during each session for analysis of oestrogen, progesterone and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) levels, and assessed carotid-cardiac baroreflex function by analysing R-R interval responses to graded neck pressure sequences. Oestrogen levels followed a classical two peak (cubic) response, with elevated levels on days 9-14 and 21-25 compared with days 0-8 and 15-20 (P = 0.0032), while progesterone levels increased exponentially from days 9-14 to days 21-25 (P = 0.0063). Noradrenaline levels increased from an average of 137 pg/ml during the first three measurement periods to 199 pg/ml during days 21-25 (P = 0.0456). Carotid-cardiac baroreflex gain and operational point were not statistically different at any of the time points during the menstrual cycle (P greater than or equal to 0.18). These findings are consistent with the notion that beat-to-beat vagal-cardiac regulation does not change over the course of the normal menstrual cycle. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Math Sci, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. Commonwealth Surg Associates, Portsmouth, VA 23707 USA. Hunter Holmes McGuire Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Richmond, VA 23249 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA 23249 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Cooke, WH (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 3AJ, ENGLAND SN 0143-5221 J9 CLIN SCI JI Clin. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 102 IS 6 BP 639 EP 644 DI 10.1042/CS20010326 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 562CJ UT WOS:000176179600005 PM 12049617 ER PT J AU Rajendran, AM Grove, DJ AF Rajendran, AM Grove, DJ TI Computational modeling of shock and impact response of alumina SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE microcracking; ceramic damage model; constitutive equations; shock; impact; alumina ID PETROV-GALERKIN MLPG; CRACK-PROPAGATION; DEFORMATION; FRACTURE; METALS AB This paper presents detailed computational analyses investigating the ability of constitutive relationships to describe the response of a 99.5% pure alumina (AD995) subjected to a wide range of stress/strain loading states. Using a shock-wave-propagation-based finite element code, one and two-dimensional simulations were performed for the following shock and impact configurations: plate-on-plate impact; rod-on-rod impact; single-density plate-on-rod impact; graded-density plate-on-rod impact; and rod penetration into a thick plate. The detailed analyses presented in this paper include a model constant sensitivity study through comparisons of computed wave profiles with experimental measurements. C1 ARL, ARO, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. ARL, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Rajendran, AM (reprint author), ARL, ARO, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Rajendran, Arunachalam/A-1615-2010 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI NORCROSS PA 6825 JIMMY CARTER BLVD, STE 1850, NORCROSS, GA 30071 USA SN 1526-1492 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 3 IS 3 BP 367 EP 380 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 573FJ UT WOS:000176818400007 ER PT J AU Fehmi, J AF Fehmi, J TI The context of grassland defoliation SO CONSERVATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab,Ecol Proc Branch, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. RP Fehmi, J (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab,Ecol Proc Branch, 2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1195-5449 J9 CONSERV ECOL JI Conserv. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 6 IS 1 AR r7 PG 2 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 591QW UT WOS:000177892600024 ER PT J AU Elston, CDM AF Elston, CDM TI What's eating you? Ixodes ticks SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE; SCAPULARIS; DURATION; PREVENTION; ATTACHMENT; AREA; BITE C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol MCHE DD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Elston, CDM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol MCHE DD, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JUN PY 2002 VL 69 IS 6 BP 431 EP 432 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 563DH UT WOS:000176239400004 ER PT J AU Miller, MAJSD Keeling, JH AF Miller, MAJSD Keeling, JH TI Ant sting sporotrichosis SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID PATIENT; AIDS AB Cutaneous sporotrichosis is an uncommon infection, usually reported as sporadic cases resulting from inoculation with sharp environmental vegetative matter. We report such a case of multiple primary inoculations acquired from Solenopsis (fire ant) stings in a 54-year-old white man. The patient was treated effectively with itraconazole 200 mg twice a day for 4 months. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth Sci, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. RP Miller, MAJSD (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JUN PY 2002 VL 69 IS 6 BP 439 EP 442 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 563DH UT WOS:000176239400007 ER PT J AU Grant, SA Sletten, RS AF Grant, SA Sletten, RS TI Calculating capillary pressures in frozen and ice-free soils below the melting temperature SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE capillary pressure; frozen ice soils; cold regions ID ACTIVE LAYER; WATER; STABILITY AB Approaches to calculating capillary pressure in frozen and ice-free soils below the melting temperature are surveyed. Three methods for calculating capillary pressure in frozen porous media are presented and compared. Except at very low temperatures all give comparable results. The effect of changes in the ice-melt interfacial tension on the soil freezing curves are expected to be trivial since the relative decrease in ice-melt interfacial tension becomes appreciable only at temperatures at which unfrozen water contents become vanishingly small. The thermodynamic relationships and formulas are presented to estimate the capillary pressure for unfrozen water in ice-free soils. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Washington, Quaternary Res Ctr, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Grant, SA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2-3 BP 130 EP 136 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 573HR UT WOS:000176824000003 ER PT J AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, HE TI Deconstructing Wigner's density matrix concerning the mind-body question SO FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE quantum mechanics; measurement; decoherence; density matrix; mind-body question; Wigner's friend AB In honor of the centennial of Eugene Wigner's birth, a possible interpretation is given of the density matrix appearing in his classic paper, "Remarks on the mind-body question." It is argued that near-instantaneous vanishing of the quantum coherences of the reduced density matrix of the measured object would occur either in the case of Wigner's friend, or in the case of any complex measuring automaton (conscious or not) making the measurement. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0894-9875 J9 FOUND PHYS LETT JI Found. Phys. Lett. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 287 EP 292 DI 10.1023/A:1021087705367 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 574KX UT WOS:000176889700006 ER PT J AU Padhye, NV Nelson, RM Quintanar, A Viljoen, HJ Whitney, SE Shoemaker, D Henchal, EA AF Padhye, NV Nelson, RM Quintanar, A Viljoen, HJ Whitney, SE Shoemaker, D Henchal, EA TI Rapid amplification of Bacillus anthracis DNA - Technical note: High-speed PCR using a pressurized helium/CO2 gas thermocycler SO GENETIC ENGINEERING NEWS LA English DT Article C1 Megabase Res Prod, Lincoln, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Lab, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0270-6377 J9 GENET ENG NEWS JI Genet. Eng. News PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 22 IS 11 BP 42 EP 43 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 559AW UT WOS:000176002800011 ER PT J AU Carlson, NL Krivak, TC Winter, WE Macri, CI AF Carlson, NL Krivak, TC Winter, WE Macri, CI TI Port site metastasis of ovarian carcinoma remote from laparoscopic surgery for benign disease SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE port site metastasis; laparoscopy ID CHOLECYSTECTOMY; CANCER; IMPLANTATION; COLON; RISK AB Background. The use of laparoscopic surgical procedures has continued to expand due to the many advantages that this surgical approach offers. However, as we continue to realize the benefits and expand the scope of laparoscopic procedures, new complications may occur. Case. This is the case of a 77-year-old gravida 2 para 2 who underwent exploratory laparotomy and surgical staging with optimal cytoreduction for Stage IIIC papillary serous ovarian carcinoma in February 1998. Her past surgical history was significant for total abdominal hysterectomy and left salpingo-oophorectomy in 1955 for symptomatic leiomyomata and for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy in July 1997. After initial platinum-based chemotherapy, she presented with an enlarging nodule at the right upper quadrant laparoscopic port site. Fine needle aspiration confirmed recurrent papillary serous ovarian carcinoma. After a discussion of her options, she elected to undergo surgical resection with postoperative salvage chemotherapy. Conclusion. Port site recurrences have been previously reported in patients who underwent initial surgical evaluation for ovarian carcinoma utilizing the laparoscopic approach. However, it is unusual for recurrent cancer to appear in port sites or operative incisions not related to the initial cancer surgery. This report serves to caution the gynecologic oncologist that the first evidence of recurrence may be at a laparoscopic port site from prior benign gynecologic or nongynecologic surgery. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Sch Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Krivak, TC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, 6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM TomKrivak@aol.com NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 85 IS 3 BP 529 EP 531 DI 10.1006/gyno.2001.6576 PG 3 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 560PV UT WOS:000176091200023 PM 12051886 ER PT J AU Beckman, J Long, J Szrom, F Collins, J AF Beckman, J Long, J Szrom, F Collins, J TI Depleted uranium test facility and sample recovery. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Aberdeen Test Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S154 EP S154 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000118 ER PT J AU Daxon, E AF Daxon, E TI Science is not enough. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S189 EP S190 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000218 ER PT J AU Daxon, E Melanson, M Alberth, D AF Daxon, E Melanson, M Alberth, D TI Historical and political background for the depleted uranium Capstone test - How the bar was raised. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S153 EP S153 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000115 ER PT J AU Fliszar, R Gold, K Szrom, F Collins, J Guilmette, R AF Fliszar, R Gold, K Szrom, F Collins, J Guilmette, R TI Characterization of depleted uranium aerosols formed exterior to an armored vehicle following penetrator impact. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S155 EP S155 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000120 ER PT J AU Parkhurst, M Gold, K Arey, B Jenson, E AF Parkhurst, M Gold, K Arey, B Jenson, E TI Characterization of depleted uranium oxides and particle morphology from the Capstone aerosol test. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S156 EP S157 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000124 ER PT J AU Szrom, F Collins, J Lodde, G Alberth, D AF Szrom, F Collins, J Lodde, G Alberth, D TI Disequilibria of depleted uranium progeny following armored vehicle impact. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S155 EP S155 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000121 ER PT J AU Szrom, F Collins, J Fliszar, R Lodde, G AF Szrom, F Collins, J Fliszar, R Lodde, G TI Surface contamination and deposition of depleted uranium following armored vehicle impact. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S154 EP S155 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000119 ER PT J AU Jaczkowski, JJ AF Jaczkowski, JJ TI Robotic technology integration for army ground vehicles SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB This paper will discuss the US Army Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center's (TARDEC's) four (4) axis strategy for integration of robotics into the legacy, interim, and objective forces. At the cornerstone of this strategy is the R&D effort concentrating on autonomous perception and navigation, intelligent tactical behavior, command and control, and man-robot interface entailed in the Demo III and Robotic Follower programs. Smart Manned Systems will focus on a systems engineering approach for robotic solutions into the interim force (Vetronics Technology Testbed and Crew Integration & Automation Testbed). In the near-term, application of robotics to the legacy force will be achieved through adapting commercial automation technologies, which address military requirements. Finally, Intelligent Mobility will investigate improving intrinsic platform mobility to lessen the burden on robotic sensing performance. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to advance the robotics technology state-of-the-art to achieve off-road full autonomous operations for military systems in support of the objective force. C1 USA, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Jaczkowski, JJ (reprint author), USA, TARDEC, AMSTA-TR-R-MS264, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 17 IS 6 BP 20 EP 25 DI 10.1109/MAES.2002.1010117 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 563EL UT WOS:000176242800006 ER PT J AU Bayne, SB Tipton, CW Griffin, T Scozzie, CJ Geil, B Agarwal, AK Richmond, J AF Bayne, SB Tipton, CW Griffin, T Scozzie, CJ Geil, B Agarwal, AK Richmond, J TI Inductive switching of 4H-SiC gate turn-off thyristors SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gate turn-off thyristor; power conversion; silicon carbide; switching circuits; thyristor circuits AB The high-temperature operation of a silicon carbide gate turn-off thyristor is evaluated for use in inductively loaded switching circuits. Compared to purely resistive load elements, inductive loads subject the switching de-ice to higher internal power dissipation. The ability of silicon carbide components to operate at elevated temperatures and high power dissipations are important factors for their use in future power conversion/control systems. In this work, a maximum current density of 540 A/cm(2) at 600 V was switched at a frequency of 2 kHz and at several case temperatures up to 150degreesC. The turn-off and turn-on characteristics of the thyristor are discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Bayne, SB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 6 BP 318 EP 320 AR PII S0741-3106(02)05185-6 DI 10.1109/LED.2002.1004221 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 556JC UT WOS:000175844800008 ER PT J AU Chen, PW Lee, CS Nalbandian, V AF Chen, PW Lee, CS Nalbandian, V TI Planar double-layer leaky-wave microstrip antenna SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE leaky wave antennas; microstrip antennas ID TRANSMISSION-LINES AB This paper presents a double-layer leaky-wave microstrip antenna that is entirely planar for easy fabrication. The cavity model and the full-wave spectral domain method are used to analyze the proposed structure. The results from these two approaches agree well with experimental data. The planar structure makes the leaky-wave antenna convenient for implementation in a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) environment. Also, due to the flexibility of the microstrip structure, the geometrical shape can be modified for other desirable radiation patterns. C1 So Methodist Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Chen, PW (reprint author), Wu Feng Inst Technol, Chiayi, Taiwan. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 50 IS 6 BP 832 EP 835 AR PII S 0018-926X(02)05736-8 DI 10.1109/TAP.2002.1017664 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 573YG UT WOS:000176859900008 ER PT J AU Comer, JE Marshall, MA Blanch, VJ Deal, CD Castric, P AF Comer, JE Marshall, MA Blanch, VJ Deal, CD Castric, P TI Identification of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1244 pilin glycosylation site SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID BUCCAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; C-TERMINAL REGION; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA-1244 PILIN; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; MENINGOCOCCAL PILIN; PEPTIDE-SYNTHESIS; SOMATIC ANTIGENS; PAK PILIN; IV PILI; POLYSACCHARIDE AB Previous work (P. Castric, F. J. Cassels, and R. W. Carlson, J. Biol. Chem. 276:26479-26485, 2001) has shown the Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1244 pilin glycan to be covalently bound to a serine residue. N-terminal sequencing of pilin fragments produced from endopeptidase treatment and identified by reaction with a glycan-specific monoclonal antibody indicated that the glycan was present between residue 75 and the pilin carboxy terminus. Further sequencing of these peptides revealed that serine residues 75, 81, 84, 105, 106, and 108 were not modified. Conversion of serine 148, but not serine 118, to alanine by site-directed mutagenesis, resulted in loss of the ability to carry out pilin glycosylation when tested in an in vivo system. These results showed the pilin glycan to be attached to residue 148, the carboxy-terminal amino acid. The carboxy-proximal portion of the pilin disulfide loop, which is adjacent to the pilin glycan, was found to be a major linear B-cell epitope, as determined by peptide epitope mapping analysis. Immunization of mice with pure pili produced antibodies that recognized the pilin glycan. These sera also reacted with A aeruginosa 1244 lipopolysaccharide as measured by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. C1 Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Castric, P (reprint author), Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R15 AI43317] NR 45 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 70 IS 6 BP 2837 EP 2845 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.6.2837-2845.2002 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 554XA UT WOS:000175761400013 PM 12010970 ER PT J AU Venkatesan, MM Hartman, AB Newland, JW Ivanova, VS Hale, TL McDonough, M Butterton, J AF Venkatesan, MM Hartman, AB Newland, JW Ivanova, VS Hale, TL McDonough, M Butterton, J TI Construction, characterization, and animal testing of WRSd1, a Shigella dysenteriae 1 vaccine SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; B-SUBUNIT; TOXIN-II; FLEXNERI; STRAINS; TYPE-1; SHIGELLA-DYSENTERIAE-1; GENES; POLYSACCHARIDE; IMMUNOGENICITY AB WRSd1 is a Shigella dysenteriae I vaccine containing deletions of the virG(icsA) gene required for intercellular spreading and a 20-kb chromosomal region encompassing the Shiga toxin genes (stxAB). WRSd1 was constructed from S. dysenteriae 1 strain 1617 that was originally isolated during the 1968 to 1969 epidemic of Shiga dysentery in Guatemala. The virG(icsA) deletion was constructed from a streptomycin-resistant (Str(r)) mutant of 1617 by a filter mating procedures using a virG(icsA) deletion derivative, pDeltavirG2. A colony that was invasive for HeLa cells and negative for the virG(icsA) gene by Southern blotting was grown anaerobically on plates containing chlorate for selection of resistant colonies that had lost the entire Shiga toxin gene. A virG(icsA) stxAB Str(r) mutant selected from the chlorate plates was designated WRSd1. This candidate vaccine was evaluated for safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy using the guinea pig keratoconjunctivitis model. WRSd1 was Sereny negative, and two applications of this strain to the cornea elicited a significant protective immune response against the S. dysenteriae 1 O antigen. Vaccination with WRSd1 conferred protection against challenge with each of three virulent S. dysenteriae 1 strains. Since a vaccine protecting against multiple Shigella species is required for most areas where Shigella is endemic, protection studies using a combination vaccine of Shigella sonnei vaccine strain WRSS1, Shigella flexneri 2a vaccine strain SC602, and WRSd1 were also performed. Guinea pigs vaccinated with a mixture of equal amounts of the three vaccine strains were protected against challenge with each of the homologous virulent strains. Unlike WRSS1 and SC602, however, the level of protection afforded by WRSd1 in a combination vaccine was lower than the protection elicited by, a pure culture. A current Good Manufacturing Practice product of WRSd1 given intragastrically to rhesus monkeys proved safe and immunogenic. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Venkatesan, MM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, 503,Forney Dr,Room 3S12, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 34 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 70 IS 6 BP 2950 EP 2958 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.6.2950-2958.2002 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 554XA UT WOS:000175761400027 PM 12010984 ER PT J AU Hale, ML Margolin, SB Krakauer, T Roy, CJ Stiles, BG AF Hale, ML Margolin, SB Krakauer, T Roy, CJ Stiles, BG TI Pirfenidone blocks the in vitro and in vivo effects of staphylococcal enterotoxin B SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME; SEPTIC SHOCK; LETHAL SHOCK; CYTOKINE RELEASE; LUNG FIBROSIS; T-CELLS; IN-VIVO; SUPERANTIGEN; TNF AB Pirfenidone [5-methyl-1-phenyl-2-(1H)-pyridone] down-regulates expression of cytokines and other mediators involved in the onset and development of pulmonary fibrosis. Pirfenidone also inhibits production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) from macrophages incubated with endotoxin and protects mice against endotoxin shock. Pirfenidone's ability to reduce cytokine expression in these disorders led us to investigate the drug's effect on another cytokine anomaly, superantigen-induced shock. BALB/c mice were exposed to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) either systemically or by aerosol and subsequently potentiated with a sublethal dose of lipopolysaccharide. In these experiments, pirfenidone given 2 to 4.25 h after SEB resulted in 80 to 100% survival versus only 0 to 10% survival among untreated control animals. Relative to serum cytokine levels from controls given toxin but no drug, there was a 35 to 80% decrease in TNF-alpha, interleukin 1, and other proinflammatory cytokines. In vitro experiments with human peripheral blood lymphocytes revealed that pirfenidone reduced SEB-induced cytokine levels 50 to 80% and inhibited 95% of SEB-induced T-cell proliferation. Overall, these studies demonstrated the potential utility of pirfenidone as a therapeutic against septic shock and the biological effects of SEB. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Toxicol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Marnac Inc, Dallas, TX 75225 USA. RP Hale, ML (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Toxicol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 48 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 70 IS 6 BP 2989 EP 2994 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.6.2989-2994.2002 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 554XA UT WOS:000175761400032 PM 12010989 ER PT J AU Dutta, S Lalitha, PV Ware, LA Barbosa, A Moch, JK Vassell, MA Fileta, BB Kitov, S Kolodny, N Heppner, DG Haynes, JD Lanar, DE AF Dutta, S Lalitha, PV Ware, LA Barbosa, A Moch, JK Vassell, MA Fileta, BB Kitov, S Kolodny, N Heppner, DG Haynes, JD Lanar, DE TI Purification, characterization, and immunogenicity of the refolded ectodomain of the Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 expressed in Escherichia coli SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; YOELII YOELII; FULL-LENGTH; I AMA-1; PF83/AMA-1; IMMUNIZATION; LOCALIZATION; INFECTION; CHABAUDI AB The apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) has emerged as a promising vaccine candidate against malaria. Advanced evaluation of its protective efficacy in humans requires the production of highly purified and correctly folded protein. We describe here a process for the expression, fermentation, refolding, and purification of the recombinant ectodomain of AMA1 (amino acids 83(Gly) to 531(Glu)) of Plasmodium falciparum (3D7) produced in Escherichia coli. A synthetic gene containing an E. coli codon bias was cloned into a modified pET32 plasmid, and the recombinant protein was produced by using a redox-modified E. coli strain, Origami (DE3). A purification process was developed that included Sarkosyl extraction followed by affinity purification on a Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid column. The recombinant AMA1 was refolded in the presence of reduced and oxidized glutathione and further purified by using two ion-exchange chromatographic steps. The final product, designated AMA1/E, was homogeneous, monomeric, and >99% pure and had low endotoxin content and low host cell contamination. Analysis of AMA1/E showed that it had the predicted primary sequence, and tertiary structure analysis confirmed its compact disulfide-bonded nature. Rabbit antibodies made to the protein recognized the native parasite AMA1 and inhibited the growth of the A falciparum homologous 3D7 clone in an in vitro assay. Reduction-sensitive epitopes on AMA1/E were shown to be necessary for the production of inhibitory anti-AMA1 antibodies. AMA1/E was recognized by a conformation-dependent, growth-inhibitory monoclonal antibody, 4G2dc1. The process described here was successfully scaled up to produce AMA1/E protein under GMP conditions, and the product was found to induce highly inhibitory antibodies in rabbits. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Lanar, DE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Forest Glen Annex,Bldg 503, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Lanar, David/B-3560-2011; OI Barbosa, Arnoldo/0000-0001-8652-7396 NR 30 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 70 IS 6 BP 3101 EP 3110 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.6.3101-3110.2002 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 554XA UT WOS:000175761400047 PM 12011004 ER PT J AU Nimick, T AF Nimick, T TI Perpetual happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle SO INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Nimick, T (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIMON FRASER UNIV, INT HISTORY REVIEW PI BURNABY PA EAA 2015, BURNABY, BC V5A 1S6, CANADA SN 0707-5332 J9 INT HIST REV JI Int. Hist. Rev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 24 IS 2 BP 394 EP 396 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 561BM UT WOS:000176116500014 ER PT J AU Carin, L Geng, N McClure, M Dong, YT Liu, ZJ He, JQ Sichina, J Ressler, M Nguyen, L Sullivan, A AF Carin, L Geng, N McClure, M Dong, YT Liu, ZJ He, JQ Sichina, J Ressler, M Nguyen, L Sullivan, A TI Wide-area detection of land mines and unexploded ordnance SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Article ID HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; FAST-MULTIPOLE ALGORITHM; PLANE-WAVE SCATTERING; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; ARBITRARY SHAPE; HALF-SPACE; BODIES; REVOLUTION; SURFACES; TARGETS AB Advanced electromagnetic modelling tools are discussed, focused on sensing surface and buried land mines and unexploded ordnance, situated in a realistic soil environment. The results from these forward models are used to process scattered-field data, for target detection and identification. We address sensors directed toward the wide-area-search problem, for which one is interested in detecting a former mine field or bombing range. For this problem class we process data measured from an actual airborne radar system. Signal-processing algorithms applied include Bayesian processing and a physics-based hidden Markov model. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Carin, L (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, POB 90291, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 575 EP 609 AR PII S0266-5611(02)17487-9 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/18/3/305 PG 35 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 572AB UT WOS:000176750400006 ER PT J AU Dinetz, SF Bird, EJ Wagner, RL Fountain, AW AF Dinetz, SF Bird, EJ Wagner, RL Fountain, AW TI A comparative study of the gaseous products generated by thermal and ultra-violet laser pyrolyses of the polyimide PMDA-ODA SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Polyimides and Other High Temperature Polymers CY DEC, 1999 CL NEWARK, NEW JERSEY DE polymer analysis; laser pyrolysis; thermal pyrolysis; polyimide; Kapton (R) AB Thermal and UV-laser pyrolyses of the commercial thin film polymer PMDA-ODA (Kapton(R)) were studied to determine the gaseous products evolved and to elucidate a potential mechanism for decomposition. Thermal pyrolysis covered a temperature range from 800 to 1300 degreesC in 100 degree increments. Non-ablative laser pyrolysis was conducted using a continuous wave (cw) argon ion laser at 363.6 nm. The results from the UV-laser pyrolysis show that the principal gaseous products evolved are CO, CO2, C2H2, H2NNH2, CH4 and HCN. The only gaseous products observed in the thermal pyrolysis study are CO and CO2. While the amount of carbon dioxide evolved was relatively constant, the concentration of carbon monoxide increased with temperature. These results help provide essential information for the analysis of the chemical properties of the commercial polyimide Kapton(R) and a better understanding of this carbonization process. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Chem, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Fountain, AW (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2370 J9 J ANAL APPL PYROL JI J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis PD JUN PY 2002 VL 63 IS 2 BP 241 EP 249 AR PII S0165-2370(01)00157-7 DI 10.1016/S0165-2370(01)00157-7 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 532PJ UT WOS:000174484000002 ER PT J AU Fleming, SD Starnes, BW Kiang, JG Stojadinovic, A Tsokos, GC Shea-Donohue, T AF Fleming, SD Starnes, BW Kiang, JG Stojadinovic, A Tsokos, GC Shea-Donohue, T TI Heat stress protection against mesenteric I/R-induced alterations in intestinal mucosa in rats SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heat shock; intestinal function; ischemia-reperfusion ID ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION; ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION INJURY; GENE-EXPRESSION; SHOCK RESPONSE; JEJUNAL MUCOSA; INDUCTION; HSP70; CELL; HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN-70; SECRETION AB Prior induction of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) protects against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) mucosal injury, but the ability of HSP70 to affect I/R-induced alterations in epithelial cell function is unknown. Rats subjected to whole body hyperthermia (41.5-42degreesC for 6 min) increased HSP70 and heat shock factor 1 mRNA expression, reaching a maximum 2 h after heat stress and declining thereafter. HSP70 production was maximally elevated at 4 h after heat stress and remained elevated until after 12 h. Heat stress alone had no effect on mucosal function except to enhance secretion in response to ACh. Heat stress provided complete morphological protection against I/R-induced mucosal injury but did not confer a similar protection against I/R-induced decreases in mucosal resistance, sodium-linked glucose absorption, or tachykinin-mediated chloride secretion. Heat stress, however, attenuated the I/R-induced suppression of ACh response, and this effect was dependent on enteric nerves. Thus induction of heat shock protein 70 is associated with the preservation of mucosal architecture and attenuation of some specific functional alterations induced by I/R. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD USA. USDA ARS, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shea-Donohue, T (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 38 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 92 IS 6 BP 2600 EP 2607 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.01008.2001 PG 8 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 554MH UT WOS:000175739200049 PM 12015379 ER PT J AU Leon, LR AF Leon, LR TI Molecular biology of thermoregulation - Invited review: Cytokine regulation of fever: studies using gene knockout mice SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE interleukin-1; interleukin-6; interleukin-10; tumor necrosis factor; thermoregulation ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; INTRAABDOMINAL SEPSIS; IL-1 RECEPTOR; I RECEPTOR; INTERLEUKIN-6; IL-1-BETA; RATS; ENDOTOXIN AB Fever is defined as a regulated rise in body temperature. The regulation of this phenomenon is accomplished by the actions of two types of endogenous cytokines, some functioning as pyrogens and others as antipyretics. Previous data obtained with the use of traditional pharmacological techniques, such as the injection of neutralizing antibodies, implicate interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 as endogenous pyrogens or inducers of fever. In almost all instances in which the endogenous actions of IL-1 or IL-6 are antagonized, fevers are attenuated. Other cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-10, are thought to act as endogenous antipyretics or inhibitors of fever. In several studies, the inhibition of TNF action has enhanced fever. Recently, mice genetically engineered to lack cytokines or their receptors in all tissues of the body have been used to examine the regulation of IL-1, IL-6, TNF, and IL-10 on fever. Data obtained with these mice shed new light on our understanding of cytokine interactions in fever and, in some instances, contradict data obtained with pharmacological methods. This review summarizes the responses of cytokine and cytokine receptor knockout mice to fevers induced by lipopolysaccharide, turpentine, and sepsis. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Leon, LR (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, 42 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 43 TC 115 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 92 IS 6 BP 2648 EP 2655 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.01005.2001 PG 8 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 554MH UT WOS:000175739200055 PM 12015385 ER PT J AU Chen, GL Bliese, PD AF Chen, GL Bliese, PD TI The role of different levels of leadership in predicting self- and collective efficacy: Evidence for discontinuity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Meeting for the Society-of-Industrial-and-Organizational-Psychology CY APR, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Soc Ind Org Psychol ID ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT; PERFORMANCE; MULTILEVEL; PERSPECTIVE; CONSTRUCT; ATTITUDES; BEHAVIOR; POTENCY AB This study identified potential discontinuities in the antecedents of efficacy beliefs across levels of analysis, with a particular focus on the role of leadership climate at different organizational levels. Random coefficient modeling analyses conducted on data collected from 2,585 soldiers in 86 combat units confirmed that soldiers I experience, role clarity, and psychological strain predicted self-efficacy to a greater extent than did leadership climate. Also, leadership climate at a higher organizational level related to self-efficacy through role clarity, whereas leadership climate at a lower organizational level related to self-efficacy through psychological strain. Group-level analyses identified leadership climate at a higher organizational level as the strongest predictor of collective efficacy. Theoretical and practical implications and directions for future research are discussed. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Operat Stress Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Chen, GL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 45 TC 205 Z9 209 U1 7 U2 63 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0021-9010 J9 J APPL PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Psychol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 87 IS 3 BP 549 EP 556 DI 10.1037//0021-9010.87.3.549 PG 8 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 566GC UT WOS:000176417700013 PM 12090612 ER PT J AU Buckenmaier, CC Xenos, JS Nilsen, SM AF Buckenmaier, CC Xenos, JS Nilsen, SM TI Lumbar plexus block with perineural catheter and sciatic nerve block for total hip arthroplasty SO JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY LA English DT Article DE continuous nerve block; hip surgery; lumbar plexus block; sciatic nerve block ID BLOOD-LOSS; ANESTHESIA AB This case series describes the use of continuous lumbar plexus block with sciatic nerve block as an alternative anesthetic for total hip arthroplasty (THA). A retrospective chart review vas performed on 10 consecutive patients who underwent THA at Walter Reed Army Medical Center using continuous lumbar plexus block and sciatic nerve block for anesthesia. Continuous lumbar plexus block with sciatic nerve block Without concurrent general anesthesia has not been described previously for THA. Peripheral nerve block may provide superior intraoperative outcomes, as Suggested by lower operative blood loss and potentially lower transfusion exposure. Lumbar plexus block,with perineural catheter and sciatic nerve block with perioperative sedation is an effective alternative to general anesthesia for THA. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesia, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Buckenmaier, CC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Anesthesia Serv, Bldg 2,Ward 44,6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE INC MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PI PHILADELPHIA PA CURTIS CENTER, INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0883-5403 J9 J ARTHROPLASTY JI J. Arthroplast. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 17 IS 4 BP 499 EP 502 DI 10.1054/arth.2002.32176 PG 4 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 563DQ UT WOS:000176240400020 PM 12066283 ER PT J AU Kragh, JF Basamania, CJ AF Kragh, JF Basamania, CJ TI Surgical repair of acute traumatic closed transection of the biceps brachii SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID MUSCLE INJURIES; HEALING-PROCESS; IMMOBILIZATION; LACERATION AB Background: Effective techniques to repair transected muscles are not well described. We determined the outcome of surgically repaired closed transections of the biceps muscle with regard to strength, appearance, and patient satisfaction. Methods: We conducted a study on surgical repair of acute traumatic closed transection of the muscle belly of the biceps brachii in paratroopers. Muscle fibers and epimysium were sutured with use of running interlocked stitches as well as modified Mason-Allen stitches. We gathered data on the supination torque, appearance of the arm, and patient satisfaction. Nine patients underwent surgical repair and were followed for a mean of 2.2 years. Three patients, who constituted a comparative group, had nonoperative treatment of complete transections of the biceps and were followed for a mean of eleven years. Results: We found that the patients who had surgical repair had better results than did those who had nonoperative treatment, with respect to supination torque (a mean of 11.0 N-m compared with 5.8 N-m, p = 0.0005), appearance (a mean of 4.6 cm compared with 3.0 cm, according to the cosmetic visual analog scale; p = 0.000002), and satisfaction (excellent in all nine patients who had surgical repair and satisfactory in all three who had nonoperative treatment). Conclusions: The results after repair of acute traumatic closed transection of the biceps brachii with the new surgical technique described in the present study demonstrated a significant improvement in terms of function, appearance, and patient satisfaction compared with those after nonoperative treatment. C1 Womack Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Serv, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Ft Bragg, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Orthopaed Surg, Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Kragh, JF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 26 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 84A IS 6 BP 992 EP 998 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 561ZZ UT WOS:000176174100014 PM 12063334 ER PT J AU Karle, JM Bhattacharjee, AK Vennerstrom, JL AF Karle, JM Bhattacharjee, AK Vennerstrom, JL TI Crystal structure of the potent bisquinoline antimalarial agent (+/-)-trans-N-1,N-2-bis(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl) cyclohexane-1,2-diamine dimethanesulfonate salt hydrate in relation to its biological properties SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE bisquinoline; antimalarial agent; hematin polymerization; phototoxicity ID IN-VITRO; POLYMERIZATION; MALARIA AB The neighboring 4-aminoquinoline substituents of the bisquinoline (+/-)-trans-N-1,N-2-bis(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine dimethanesulfonate salt crystallized in the diequatorial position which is in agreement with quantum chemical calculations. The bisquinoline salt crystallized in the monoclinic C2/c space group with a = 19.328(4) Angstrom, b = 15.618(3) Angstrom, c = 20.382(4) Angstrom, beta = 98.84(3)degrees. The two quinoline nitrogen atoms are protonated by the salt as predicted by calculated electrostatic surface potentials. The -5 kcal/mol isopotential surface of the bisquinoline resembles that of chloroquine, which may explain the potent inhibition of hematin polymerization by both the bisquinoline and chloroquine. The smaller HOMO/LUMO gap of the bisquinoline is consistent with its phototoxicity. The overall conformation, the ability of all nitrogen atoms to participate in hydrogen bonding, and the electrostatic interaction of the quinoline rings in the crystal packing may all aid in the determination of the binding pharmacophore of the bisquinoline. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Med Chem, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Omaha, NE USA. RP Karle, JM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Med Chem, Div Expt Therapeut, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI G, Neela/H-3016-2014 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1074-1542 J9 J CHEM CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Chem. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 32 IS 5-6 BP 133 EP 139 AR UNSP 1074-1542/02/0600-0133/0 DI 10.1023/A:1015602002694 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy GA 557HQ UT WOS:000175903400005 ER PT J AU Gent, PR Craig, AP Bitz, CM Weatherly, JW AF Gent, PR Craig, AP Bitz, CM Weatherly, JW TI Parameterization improvements in an eddy-permitting ocean model for climate SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; SEA-ICE; DRAKE PASSAGE; CIRCULATION MODELS; HEAT TRANSPORTS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; SYSTEM-MODEL; SIMULATIONS; VERSION AB Different parameterizations for vertical mixing and the effects of ocean mesoscale eddies are tested in an eddy-permitting ocean model. It has a horizontal resolution averaging about 0.7degrees and was used as the ocean component of the parallel climate model. The old ocean parameterizations used in that coupled model were replaced by the newer parameterizations used in the climate system model. Both ocean-alone and fully coupled integrations were run for at least 100 years. The results clearly show that the drifts in the upper-ocean temperature profile using the old parameterizations are substantially reduced in both sets of integrations using the newer parameterizations. The sea-ice distribution in the fully coupled integration using the newer ocean parameterizations is also improved. However, the sea-ice distribution is sensitive to both sea-ice parameterizations and the atmospheric forcing, in addition to being dependent on the ocean simulation. The newer ocean parameterizations have been shown to improve considerably the solutions in non-eddy-resolving configurations, such as in the climate system model, where the horizontal resolution of the ocean component is about 28. The work presented here is a clear demonstration that the improvements continue into the eddy-permitting regime, where the ocean component has an average horizontal resolution of less than 1degrees. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Polar Sci Ctr, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Gent, PR (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RI Bitz, Cecilia/S-8423-2016 OI Bitz, Cecilia/0000-0002-9477-7499 NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1447 EP 1459 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1447:PIIAEP>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 552UM UT WOS:000175638500005 ER PT J AU Espy, MJ Cockerill, FR Meyer, RF Bowen, MD Poland, GA Hadfield, TL Smith, TF AF Espy, MJ Cockerill, FR Meyer, RF Bowen, MD Poland, GA Hadfield, TL Smith, TF TI Detection of smallpox virus DNA by LightCycler PCR SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOTERRORISM; INFECTIONS; DIAGNOSIS; THREAT; DIFFERENTIATION; ORTHOPOXVIRUS; TERRORISM AB A 300-bp plasmid fragment of the hemagglutinin gene was used as target DNA to develop a rapid real-time LightCycler (Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, Ind.) PCR assay for laboratory detection of smallpox virus. PCR primers and probes were designed specifically for detection of smallpox virus DNA, but all viruses of the genus Orthopoxvirus tested could be detected by use of the hemagglutinin gene target sequence. Base pair mismatches in the 204-bp amplicon allowed discrimination of cowpox virus (melting temperature [T-m], 56.40degreesC), monkeypox virus (T-m, 56.24degreesC), and vaccinia virus (T-m, 56.72degreesC), including the Dryvax vaccine strain, from smallpox virus (T-m, 62.45degreesC) by melting curve analysis. The analytical sensitivity was 5 to 10 copies of target DNA per sample. The assay was specific for members of the genus Orthopoxvirus; the DNAs of herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus were not detected by the smallpox virus LightCycler PCR. C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Clin Microbiol, Div Infect Dis, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Clin Microbiol, Div Gen Internal Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Smith, TF (reprint author), Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Clin Microbiol, Div Infect Dis, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RI sebastianovitsch, stepan/G-8507-2013 NR 31 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1985 EP 1988 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.6.1985-1988.2002 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 561TR UT WOS:000176159200014 PM 12037052 ER PT J AU Frankenstein, S Tuthill, AM AF Frankenstein, S Tuthill, AM TI Ice adhesion to locks and dams: Past work; Future directions? SO JOURNAL OF COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ice; locks; dams; biographies ID ELECTRIC-FIELDS; FORCE MICROSCOPY; INTERFACES; SURFACE AB Adhesion of ice to surfaces creates problems for many industries, including aviation, hydropower, telecommunications, navigation, electrical distribution, and all forms of transportation. Specific problems at locks and dams include ice buildup on lock walls and miter gates, and spillway gate freeze up, preventing opening on short notice. At present, ice removal techniques are both costly and time-consuming. In an effort to reduce the cost, time, and physical labor associated with ice removal, much research on ice adhesion has been done. This work ranges from theoretical studies to microscopic investigations and full-scale field tests. The main focus of all of these studies is how to lower ice's adhesive strength, thus casing ice removal. Three principal methods to lower ice's adhesive strength have been pursued-electrical, chemical, and mechanical. Of the three methods, the mechanical removal of ice has received the least amount of attention. Three approaches have been taken with regard to electrical methods. They are using heaters, creating an electrical pulse that mechanically breaks the ice, and applying a direct current bias to change the ice's adhesion. The search for a low adhesive coating or material has by far received the most attention of any method pursued for lowering ice's adhesive strength. A class of chemicals containing polysiloxanes has shown promise in providing a low adhesion surface. Based on this review, we recommend that an electroexpulsion method developed for the space shuttle and a newly formulated polysiloxane be tested as to their feasibility in the lock and dam environment. C1 USA, Sci & Technol Corp, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Frankenstein, S (reprint author), USA, Sci & Technol Corp, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 91 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 18 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-381X J9 J COLD REG ENG JI J. Cold Reg. Eng. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2 BP 83 EP 96 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(2002)16:2(83) PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 553AL UT WOS:000175653200003 ER PT J AU Jones, KA Derenge, MA Shah, PB Zheleva, TS Ervin, MH Kirchner, KW Wood, MC Thomas, C Spencer, MG Holland, OW Vispute, RD AF Jones, KA Derenge, MA Shah, PB Zheleva, TS Ervin, MH Kirchner, KW Wood, MC Thomas, C Spencer, MG Holland, OW Vispute, RD TI A comparison of graphite and AlN caps used for annealing ion-implanted SiC SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE SiC; ion implantation; Al; annealing caps; AlN; C ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; SILICON-CARBIDE; SIC(0001); ALUMINUM; BORON AB The SiC wafers implanted with Al were capped with AIN, C, or AIN and C and were annealed at temperatures as high as 1700degreesC to examine their ability to act as annealing caps. As shown previously, the AIN film was effective up to 1600degreesC, as it protected the SiC surface, did not react with it, and could be removed selectively by a KOH etch. However, it evaporated too rapidly at the higher temperatures. Although the C did not evaporate, it was not a more effective cap because it did not prevent the out-diffusion of Si and crystallized at 1700degreesC. The crystalline film had to be ion milled off, as it could not be removed in a plasma asher, as the C films annealed at the lower temperatures were. A combined AIN/C cap also was not an effective cap for the 1700degreesC anneal as the N or Al vapor blew holes in it, and the SiC surface was rougher after the dual cap was removed than it was after annealing at the lower temperatures. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Howard Univ, Sch Engn, MRSCE, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jones, KA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 31 IS 6 BP 568 EP 575 DI 10.1007/s11664-002-0127-2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 562PD UT WOS:000176207100004 ER PT J AU James, WF Barko, JW Eakin, HL AF James, WF Barko, JW Eakin, HL TI Labile and refractory forms of phosphorus in runoff of the Redwood River Basin, Minnesota SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX PHOSPHORUS; LAKE; SEDIMENTS; WATER AB Fractionation procedures and phosphor-us (P) adsorption-desorption assays were used to delineate labile forms (i.e., subject to transformations which make them available for uptake by biota) and refractory forms (subject to permanent burial) of P in the runoff of the Redwood River basin, an agriculturally-dominated tributary of the Minnesota River. Over several storm periods monitored in 1999, 75% of the P load originating from the watershed was in labile form while only 25% was in refractory form. Labile particulate P forms included P loosely bound to suspended sediment (19%), P bound to iron (11%), and labile particulate organic P (14%). After deposition to receiving waters, the former two forms of labile particulate P can be transformed to soluble forms that are available to biota for uptake via eH and pH reactions and kinetic processes, while the latter form can be mineralized via decomposition processes. Labile soluble P forms included ortho-P (i.e., estimated as soluble reactive P) and soluble organic P (i.e., estimated as soluble unreactive P). Our results indicate that there is a need to identify loading of various labile and refractory P pools for incorporation into watershed models to develop better predictive capabilities for examining P sources and fates, and impacts on the eutrophication of receiving waters, under different management and operational scenarios. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Eau Galle Aquat Ecol Lab, Spring Valley, WI 54767 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP James, WF (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Eau Galle Aquat Ecol Lab, POB 237, Spring Valley, WI 54767 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 17 IS 2 BP 297 EP 304 DI 10.1080/02705060.2002.9663898 PG 8 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 552XX UT WOS:000175646300015 ER PT J AU Santoni, RL Tingle, JS Webster, SL AF Santoni, RL Tingle, JS Webster, SL TI Closure to "Engineering properties of sand-fiber mixtures for road construction" by Rosa L. Santoni, Jeb S. Tingle, and Steve L. Webster SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Airfields & Pavements Div, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Santoni, RL (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Airfields & Pavements Div, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 128 IS 6 BP 537 EP 538 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2002)128:6(537.2) PG 2 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 554FB UT WOS:000175722400013 ER PT J AU Zivna, I Green, S Vaughn, DW Kalayanarooj, S Stephens, HAF Chandanayingyong, D Nisalak, A Ennis, FA Rothman, AL AF Zivna, I Green, S Vaughn, DW Kalayanarooj, S Stephens, HAF Chandanayingyong, D Nisalak, A Ennis, FA Rothman, AL TI T cell responses to an HLA-B*07-restricted epitope on the dengue NS3 protein correlate with disease severity SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; CROSS-REACTIVITY; VIRUS SEROTYPE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; SHOCK SYNDROME; RISK-FACTORS; CLONES; INFECTION; CD4(+) AB Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), the severe manifestation of dengue virus (DV) infection characterized by plasma leakage, is more common in secondary DV infections in previously infected individuals and is associated with high levels of immune activation. To determine the Ag specificity of this immune response, we studied the response to an HLA-B*07-restricted T cell epitope, residues 221-232 of the DV NS3 protein, in 10 HLA-B*07(+) Thai children who were studied during and after acute DV infections. Peptide-specific T cells were detected in 9 of 10 subjects. The frequency of peptide-specific T cells was higher in subjects who had experienced DHF than in those who had experienced DF. We also detected peptide-specific T cells in PBMC obtained at the rime of the acute DV infection in 2 of 5 subjects. These data suggest that the NS3 (221-232) epitope is an important target of CD8(+) T cells in secondary DV infection and that the activation and expansion of DV-specific T cells is greater in subjects with DHF than in those with dengue fever. These findings support the hypothesis that activation of DV-specific CD8+ T cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DHF. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. UCL, Middlesex Hosp, Inst Urol & Nephrol, London, England. Siriraj Hosp, Dept Transfus Med, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Rothman, AL (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, Room S5-326,55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. EM alan.rothman@umassmed.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI34533, R01 AI30624] NR 52 TC 88 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 168 IS 11 BP 5959 EP 5965 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 555WA UT WOS:000175815200075 PM 12023403 ER PT J AU Ennis, FA Cruz, J Demkowicz, WE Rothman, AL McClain, DJ AF Ennis, FA Cruz, J Demkowicz, WE Rothman, AL McClain, DJ TI Primary induction of human CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes and interferon-gamma-producing T cells after smallpox vaccination SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VACCINIA VIRUS; RESPONSES AB This study measured the ability of a standard smallpox vaccine, given by scarification (by bifurcated needle), to induce primary human vaccinia virus-specific cytotoxic and interferon (IFN)-gamma-producing T lymphocyte responses. Because protection against smallpox may be mediated in part by T cell memory responses induced by vaccination, an analysis of the induction of primary human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and IFN-gamma-producing T cell responses was performed. Although smallpox is no longer an epidemic threat under natural conditions, vaccination is still recommended for persons working with vaccinia viruses in the laboratory and for those who may be at risk from the potential use of smallpox virus as a bioterrorism agent. The results demonstrate that smallpox vaccine given by bifurcated needle induces strong vaccinia virus-specific CD8(+) CTL and IFN-gamma-producing T cell responses and provide baseline information useful for planning the immunologic assessment of future smallpox vaccines. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Ennis, FA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI 07272] NR 15 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 11 BP 1657 EP 1659 DI 10.1086/340517 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 556LK UT WOS:000175850800015 PM 12023773 ER PT J AU Berti, R Brennan, MB Soldan, SS Ohayon, JM Casareto, L McFarland, HF Jacobson, S AF Berti, R Brennan, MB Soldan, SS Ohayon, JM Casareto, L McFarland, HF Jacobson, S TI Increased detection of serum HHV-6 DNA sequences during multiple sclerosis (MS) exacerbations and correlation with parameters of MS disease progression SO JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HHV-6; multiple sclerosis; exacerbation ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; INFECTION; ASSOCIATION; PATHOGEN; CHILDREN; VARIANT AB In recent years, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) has been investigated as a possible causative agent for MS. To determine if the detection of HHV-6 DNA in the serum of MS patients correlates with clinical parameters of MS disease progression, a total of 215 serum samples was obtained from 59 MS patients followed prospectively for a 5-month period. These samples were analyzed for the presence of HHV-6 DNA by nested PCR and compared in parallel to MS disease activity. HHV-6 DNA was amplified in 22% (4/18) of samples obtained during a period of clinical exacerbation. Significantly fewer (P = 0.008) sera, 5.6% (11/197), obtained from MS patients during clinical remission tested positive for the presence of HHV-6 DNA. This work demonstrates that the detection of serum HHV-6 DNA is significantly correlated with clinical exacerbations in MS. Moreover, the findings presented in this study have confirmed previous reports supporting an association between MS and HHV-6 and suggest a role for this human herpesvirus in the pathogenesis of MS. C1 NINDS, Viral Immunol Sect, Neuroimmunol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neuropharmacol & Mol Biol, Silver Spring, MD USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Genet, Inst Biomed Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. InfoMax Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Jacobson, S (reprint author), NINDS, Viral Immunol Sect, Neuroimmunol Branch, NIH, Bldg 10,Room 5B16, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 34 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1355-0284 J9 J NEUROVIROL JI J. Neurovirol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 8 IS 3 BP 250 EP 256 DI 10.1080/13550280290049615 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Virology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Virology GA 570QR UT WOS:000176669500010 PM 12053279 ER PT J AU Torrance, RJ Lasome, MCEM Agazio, JB AF Torrance, RJ Lasome, MCEM Agazio, JB TI Ethics and computer-mediated communication - Implications for practice and policy SO JOURNAL OF NURSING ADMINISTRATION LA English DT Article ID E-MAIL C1 Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. USA, Nurse Crops, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Grad Sch Nursing, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Torrance, RJ (reprint author), 12107 Snowden Woods Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0002-0443 J9 J NURS ADMIN JI J. Nurs. Adm. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 32 IS 6 BP 346 EP 353 DI 10.1097/00005110-200206000-00011 PG 8 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 578VU UT WOS:000177142400010 PM 12055491 ER PT J AU Barnes, MJ Sorrells, DL Cofer, BR AF Barnes, MJ Sorrells, DL Cofer, BR TI Spontaneous postnatal resolution of a cystic lung mass: A case report SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article DE cystic adenomatoid malformation; congenital lung lesions ID ADENOMATOID MALFORMATION; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; NATURAL-HISTORY; MANAGEMENT; FETUS AB Postnatal cystic adenomatoid malformations (CAMs) are managed by surgical excision. Asymptomatic CAMs have decreased in size with initial observation. This is the first reported case of complete resolution of a postnatal CAM. Premature infants with asymptomatic CAMs may benefit from careful observation as their initial treatment. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Sorrells, DL (reprint author), 859 MCSG,2200 Berguist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 37 IS 6 BP 916 EP 918 DI 10.1053/jpsu.2002.32911 PG 3 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA 558TF UT WOS:000175982100023 PM 12037763 ER PT J AU Mahanonda, R Sa-Ard-lam, N Yongvanitchit, K Wisetchang, M Ishikawa, I Nagasawa, T Walsh, DS Pichyangkul, S AF Mahanonda, R Sa-Ard-lam, N Yongvanitchit, K Wisetchang, M Ishikawa, I Nagasawa, T Walsh, DS Pichyangkul, S TI Upregulation of co-stimulatory molecule expression and dendritic cell marker (CD83) on B cells in periodontal disease SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE co-stimulatory molecules; antigen presenting cells; B cells; periodontitis ID ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS; CD4(+) T-CELLS; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; IN-VIVO; LYMPHOCYTES; ACTIVATION; TISSUE; RESPONSES; INTERLEUKIN-12; MECHANISMS AB T cells and their cytokines are well known for their important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. To date, the role of antigen presenting cells (APCs), which are known to be critical in the regulation of T cell response, has been poorly investigated in periodontitis. In this study, we analyzed the expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) and CD83, which is a marker of mature dendritic cells, on gingival cells that were isolated from severe periodontitis tissues, with the use of flow cytometry. Significant upregulation of CD86 and CD83 expression was detected in periodontitis lesions, and most of this occurred on B cells. In vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures showed that stimulation with different periodontopathic bacteria, that included Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, and Actinomyces viscosus, upregulated both CD86 and CD83 expression on B cells. Therefore, the presence of plaque bacteria may be responsible for the enhanced expression seen in vivo on gingival B cells. APC function by bacterial-activated B cells was further investigated using allogeneic mixed leukocyte reactions. After 24 h culture with either A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis, these activated B cells performed as potent APCs in mixed leukocyte reactions, and they stimulated T cells to produce high levels of gamma interferon and minimal interleukin-5. In conclusion, periodontopathic bacterial-induced B cell activation with upregulation of CD86 and CD83 may be associated with enhanced APC function. The results of this study suggest, therefore, that infiltrated gingival B cells have a possible role as APCs in the regulation and maintenance of local T cell response in periodontitis. C1 Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Dent, Dept Periodontol, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USA Med Component, Dept Immunol & Med, Bangkok, Thailand. Siriraj Hos, Dept Dent, Bangkok, Thailand. Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Fac Dent, Dept Periodontol, Tokyo 113, Japan. RP Mahanonda, R (reprint author), Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Dent, Dept Periodontol, Henry Dunant Rd, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. NR 43 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0022-3484 J9 J PERIODONTAL RES JI J. Periodont. Res. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 37 IS 3 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0765.2002.00664.x PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 565FP UT WOS:000176359100002 PM 12113551 ER PT J AU Walsh, EJ Wright, CW Vandemark, D Krabill, WB Garcia, AW Houston, SH Murillo, ST Powell, MD Black, PG Marks, FD AF Walsh, EJ Wright, CW Vandemark, D Krabill, WB Garcia, AW Houston, SH Murillo, ST Powell, MD Black, PG Marks, FD TI Hurricane directional wave spectrum spatial variation at landfall SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID BOTTOM FRICTION; EVOLUTION; SURFACE; OCEAN AB The NASA Scanning Radar Altimeter (SRA) flew aboard one of the NOAA WP-3D hurricane research aircraft to document the sea surface directional wave spectrum in the region between Charleston, South Carolina, and Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, as Hurricane Bonnie was making landfall near Wilmington, North Carolina, on 26 August 1998. Two days earlier, the SRA had documented the hurricane wave field spatial variation in open water when Bonnie was 400 km east of Abaco Island, Bahamas. Bonnie was similar in size during the two flights. The maximum wind speed was lower during the landfall flight (39 m(-1)) than it had been during the first flight (46 m s(-1)). Also, Bonnie was moving faster prior to landfall (9.5 m s(-1)) than when it was encountered in the open ocean (5 m s(-1)). The open ocean wave height spatial variation indicated that Hurricane Bonnie would have produced waves of 10 m height on the shore northeast of Wilmington had it not been for the continental shelf. The gradual shoaling distributed the wave energy dissipation process across the shelf so that the wavelength and wave height were reduced gradually as the shore was approached. The wave height 5 km from shore was about 4 m. Despite the dramatic differences in wave height caused by shoaling and the differences in the wind field and forward speed of the hurricane, there was a remarkable agreement in the wave propagation directions for the various wave components on the two days. This suggests that, in spite of its complexity, the directional wave field in the vicinity of a hurricane may be well behaved and lend itself to be modeled by a few parameters, such as the maximum wind speed, the radii of the maximum and gale force winds, and the recent movement of the storm. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Walsh, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, R-ETL1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013; Murillo, Shirley/C-3259-2014 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945; Murillo, Shirley/0000-0002-2075-8682 NR 24 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1667 EP 1684 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<1667:HDWSSV>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 555WN UT WOS:000175816400004 ER PT J AU LaFiandra, M AF LaFiandra, M TI Transverse torque of the upper and lower body during load carriage in walking SO JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 0895-2779 J9 J SPORT EXERCISE PSY JI J. Sport Exerc. Psychol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 24 SU S BP 20 EP 21 PG 2 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA 564JK UT WOS:000176311100038 ER PT J AU Bledsoe, BP Watson, CC Biedenharn, DS AF Bledsoe, BP Watson, CC Biedenharn, DS TI Quantification of incised channel evolution and equilibrium SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE channel evolution; erosion; stream incision; sedimentation ID MODEL AB Incised channels are caused by an imbalance between sediment transport capacity and sediment supply that alters channel morphology through bed and bank erosion, Consistent sequential changes in incised channel morphology may be quantified and used to develop relationships describing quasi-equilibrium conditions in these channels. We analyzed the hydraulic characteristics of streams in the Yazoo River Basin, Mississippi in various stages of incised channel evolution. The hydraulic characteristics of incising channels were observed to follow the sequence predicted by previous conceptual models of incised channel response. Multiple regression models of stable slopes in quasi-equilibrium channels that have completed a full evolutionary sequence were developed, These models compare favorably with analytical solutions based on the extremal hypothesis of minimum stream power and empirical relationships from other regions. Appropriate application of these empirical relationships may be useful in preliminary design of stream rehabilitation strategies. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Water Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Bledsoe, BP (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 3 BP 861 EP 870 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb01002.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 572HW UT WOS:000176769300020 ER PT J AU Cheruvelil, KS Soranno, PA Madsen, JD Roberson, MJ AF Cheruvelil, KS Soranno, PA Madsen, JD Roberson, MJ TI Plant architecture and epiphytic macroinvertebrate communities: the role of an exotic dissected macrophyte SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE eurasian watermilfoil; Myriophyllum spicatum; epiphytic macroinvertebrates; plant architecture; macrophyte; meta-analysis ID MYRIOPHYLLUM-SPICATUM L; EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL; LITTORAL-ZONE; SUBMERGED MACROPHYTES; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; DRY MASS; FISH; LAKE; ASSOCIATIONS; FLURIDONE AB The abundance of epiphytic macroinvertebrates on aquatic macrophytes can be influenced by different plant architecture types. For example, dissected plants can provide epiphytic macroinvertebrates more substrate for foraging and more cover from predators than undissected plants. Large changes in macrophyte community composition have the potential to strongly influence whole lake macroinvertebrate abundance if overall plant architecture changes. For example, when the exotic macrophyte Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L., EWM), a dissected plant, invades a lake and becomes dominant, fundamental changes in lake-wide plant architecture occur. We conducted a 6-lake field study and a meta-analysis to examine whether macroinvertebrate density and biomass varies predictably with plant architecture and, if so, whether these relationships are evident at the whole-lake scale when EWM dominates the plant community. We found that higher macroinvertebrate densities and biomass per g of plant were associated with dissected plants than undissected plants in both our field study and our meta-analysis of published studies. However, in our field study, macroinvertebrate densities and biomass per g of plant decreased as the % of EWM cover increased across lakes, although not always significantly. This result suggests that EWM provides different habitat for macroinvertebrates than native dissected plants. Therefore, the macrophyte community may support lower densities and biomass of macroinvertebrates when EWM is dominant at the whole-lake scale. Reduced abundance of macroinvertebrates could have strong impacts on other components of lake food webs. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Cheruvelil, KS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM spencek1@msu.edu OI Soranno, Patricia/0000-0003-1668-9271 NR 59 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 33 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 21 IS 2 BP 261 EP 277 DI 10.2307/1468414 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 561TP UT WOS:000176159000006 ER PT J AU Anderson, MD Olander, JP AF Anderson, MD Olander, JP TI Evaluation of two trip generation techniques for small area travel models SO JOURNAL OF URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article DE travel modes; transportation planning; urban areas; traffic analysis AB This paper examines the practically of using a single internal trip purpose to generate the production and attraction values for traffic analysis zones in small urban community travel models. In previous research efforts, Quick-Response techniques, originally developed for cities with populations between 50,000 and 199,999, have been successfully applied to perform trip generation in small urban community travel models. Focusing on the reduction of data requirements and complexity of the trip generation analysis, a single trip purpose technique, based solely on aggregate numbers of households and businesses in a traffic analysis zone, has been proposed as a method to simplify the trip generation computation and reduce data requirements. This paper presents the fundamentals of the Quick-Response and single trip purpose techniques, tests the advantage of multiple trip purposes in a small sample network, and applies the two methodologies in a small urban community within Alabama to determine if significant differences exist when performing trip generation. The paper concludes that, for smaller urban community travel models, where different trip purposes are assumed to have similar trip lengths, both the Quick-Response and the single trip purpose technique produce similar results for the total productions and attractions in a traffic analysis zone. This similarity, and the results of the test showing that different trip purposes are not vital for trip distribution in small networks, substantiate the use of the simplified single trip purpose technique for trip generation. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, UAH Syst Management & Prod Lab, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Anderson, MD (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9488 J9 J URBAN PLAN D-ASCE JI J. Urban Plan. Dev.-ASCE PD JUN PY 2002 VL 128 IS 2 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9488(2002)128:2(77) PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Urban Studies SC Engineering; Urban Studies GA 553AJ UT WOS:000175653000002 ER PT J AU Ferguson, KH McNeil, JJ Morey, AF AF Ferguson, KH McNeil, JJ Morey, AF TI Mechanical and antibiotic bowel preparation for urinary diversion surgery (Retracted Article. See vol 170, pg 2394, 2003) SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Review DE urinary diversion; colon; antibiotics; polyethylene glycol ID ELECTIVE COLORECTAL SURGERY; COMPARING SODIUM-PHOSPHATE; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE; ANTIMICROBIAL PROPHYLAXIS; COLON SURGERY; INTESTINAL COLONIZATION; HYPOCALCEMIC TETANY; RADICAL CYSTECTOMY; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL AB Purpose: We reviewed the existing scientific literature regarding the efficacy of preoperative mechanical and antibiotic bowel preparation for urinary diversion surgery. Materials and Methods: We performed MEDLINE searches of the literature from 1966 through 2000 and obtained additional references through a review of the bibliographies of select articles. Results: For urinary diversion surgery information regarding appropriate mechanical and antibiotic bowel preparation is scant. The colorectal surgery literature indicates that oral sodium phosphate appears to be better tolerated than polyethylene glycol and is as effective, although the latter is preferred in patients with compromised renal, cardiac or liver function. A combination of oral and parenteral antibiotics should be used for all urinary reconstructive surgeries involving gastrointestinal tract segments. A parenteral second generation cephalosporin antibiotic should be given within 1 hour of skin incision and repeated at an interval of twice the antibiotic serum half-life or when blood loss exceeds 1 l. Conclusions: For urinary diversion surgery contemporary methods of mechanical and antibiotic bowel preparation appear to be safe, effective and better tolerated than traditional bowel preparation methods. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Ferguson, KH (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 6 BP 2352 EP 2356 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64983-X PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 552DD UT WOS:000175602500004 PM 11992036 ER PT J AU Parren, PWHI Geisbert, TW Maruyama, T Jahrling, PB Burton, DR AF Parren, PWHI Geisbert, TW Maruyama, T Jahrling, PB Burton, DR TI Pre- and postexposure prophylaxis of Ebola virus infection in an animal model by passive transfer of a neutralizing human antibody SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMIAN/HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; PROTECTION; CHALLENGE; MACAQUES; VACCINES; DISEASES; FEVER; SERUM; MICE AB A neutralizing human monoclonal antibody, KZ52, protects guinea pigs from lethal Ebola Zaire virus challenge. Administration before or up to 1 h after challenge resulted in dose-dependent protection by the antibody. Interestingly, some antibody-treated animals survived despite developing high-level viremia, suggesting that the mechanism of protection by KZ52 may extend beyond reduction of viremia by virus neutralization. KZ52 is a promising candidate for immunoprophylaxis of Ebola virus infection. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Immunol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Burton, DR (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Immunol, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM burton@scripps.edu OI Parren, Paul/0000-0002-4365-3859 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI048053, AI48053] NR 38 TC 103 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 76 IS 12 BP 6408 EP 6412 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.12.6408-6412.2002 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 557MK UT WOS:000175912200060 PM 12021376 ER PT J AU Marx, JO Kraemer, WJ Nindl, BC Larsson, L AF Marx, JO Kraemer, WJ Nindl, BC Larsson, L TI Effects of aging on human skeletal muscle myosin heavy-chain mRNA content and protein isoform expression SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FIBER-TYPE COMPOSITION; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; RESISTANCE EXERCISE; THYROID-HORMONE; OLD RATS; AGE; YOUNG; INCREASES; MHC AB The purpose of this investigation was to determine the role played by pretranslational events in the decreased rate of myosin heavy-chain (MyHC) protein synthesis in old age. It was hypothesized that the decreased rate of MyHC protein synthesis reported in the elderly population is, at least in part, related to lower MyHC messenger RNA (mRNA) in old age. MyHC protein expression and mRNA levels for the three MyHC isoforms expressed in human muscle, that is, types I, IIa, and IIx/d, were measured in percutaneous vastus lateralis muscle biopsies from 16 young and 16 old healthy men. The MyHC isoform. mRNA content was determined by quantitative, real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and it was normalized to 18S ribosomal RNA; the relative MyHC protein isoform content was measured on silver-stained 7% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels. The old men demonstrated signs of sarcopenia, such as loss of muscle force, a trend toward a loss in lean body mass, and an increased percentage of body fat. Statistically significant correlations were observed between the isoform. expression of different MyHCs at the protein and mRNA levels. However, the expression of the different MyHC isoforms at the mRNA and protein levels did not differ between the young and old men. Thus, the present results do not support the hypothesis that pretranslational events in MyHC protein synthesis are playing a significant role in the development of sarcopenia. C1 Penn State Univ, Noll Lab 129, Noll Physiol Res Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Kinesiol, Human Performance Lab, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. RP Larsson, L (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Noll Lab 129, Noll Physiol Res Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR10732-03]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR 45627, F32 AR08603-02] NR 53 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 57 IS 6 BP B232 EP B238 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 558RG UT WOS:000175979900003 PM 12023259 ER PT J AU James, WF Barko, JW Eakin, HL Sorge, PW AF James, WF Barko, JW Eakin, HL Sorge, PW TI Phosphorus budget and management strategies for an urban Wisconsin lake SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE lake restoration; macrophyte senescence; motor boat activity; phosphorus budget; sediment phosphorus; flux urban lake ID SEDIMENT; SHALLOW AB Multiple external and internal phosphorus (P) sources to an urban lake, Half Moon Lake in Wisconsin, were examined during the summer of 1999 in order to develop management strategies for effective P control and reversal of eutrophication (Trophic State Index=74). Internal recycling of P accounted for 80% of the summer P budget of the take. Flux of P from the sediment accounted for most of the internal P loading(42% of total budget). However, decomposition of Potamogeton crispus and recycling of macrophyte P during the middle of the summer growing season, and P resuspension due to motor boat activity, accounted for 20% and 17% of the P budget, respectively, representing additional important sources to be controlled. In contrast, summer P loading via the watershed (storm sewers and precipitation) was much less. Using a water quality model (Bathtub),we found that reduction of internal P sources could substantially reduce by greater than 70% the high concentrations of algae in the lake (mean summer chlorophyll = 82 mg.m(-3)). Suggested internal P control measures included a sediment chemical treatment to bind P, greater harvesting of P. crispus to reduce the macrophyte P pool at the time of senescence, and limiting motor boat activity when the take is weakly stratified. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Eau Galle Aquat Ecol Lab, Spring Valley, WI 54767 USA. RP James, WF (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Eau Galle Aquat Ecol Lab, POB 237, Spring Valley, WI 54767 USA. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 24 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 149 EP 163 PG 15 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 606HY UT WOS:000178729600006 ER PT J AU Norton, SA Lyons, C AF Norton, SA Lyons, C TI Blister beetles and the ten plagues SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID PAEDERUS; DERMATITIS C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA. RP Norton, SA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 359 IS 9321 BP 1950 EP 1950 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08759-7 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 558PL UT WOS:000175975700045 PM 12057588 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI Hunted: A true story of survival. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 127 IS 10 BP 159 EP 159 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 559DT UT WOS:000176010400102 ER PT J AU Pearton, SJ Theodoropoulou, N Overberg, ME Abernathy, CR Hebard, AF Chu, SNG Wilson, RG Zavada, JM AF Pearton, SJ Theodoropoulou, N Overberg, ME Abernathy, CR Hebard, AF Chu, SNG Wilson, RG Zavada, JM TI Characterization of Ni-implanted GaN and SiC SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE magnetic ions; ferromagnetism; Ni ID ELECTRICAL SPIN INJECTION; MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; MAGNETOELECTRONICS; FERROMAGNETISM; TEMPERATURE; MN AB High concentrations (> 10(21) cm(-3)) of Ni were introduced into GaN and SiC by ion implantation at 350 degreesC. On subsequent annealing at 700 degreesC, there was more residual lattice damage in GaN compared to SiC. Both materials showed ferromagnetism with transition temperatures below 50 K. No secondary phases could be detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or selected area diffraction in either GaN or SiC. The direct implantation process appears useful for studying ion/substrate combinations for potential spintronic applications. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Agere Syst, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, POB 116400,100 Rhines Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 94 IS 2-3 BP 159 EP 163 AR PII S0921-5107(02)00056-9 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(02)00056-9 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 564QZ UT WOS:000176326200007 ER PT J AU Grujicic, M Cao, G Gersten, B AF Grujicic, M Cao, G Gersten, B TI An atomic-scale analysis of catalytically-assisted chemical vapor deposition of carbon nanotubes SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; chemical vapor deposition; kinetic Monte Carlo method ID DIAMOND; CVD; GROWTH AB Growth of carbon nanotubes during transition-metal particles catalytically-assisted thermal decomposition (also referred to as chemical vapor deposition or CVD) of methane in hydrogen as a carrier gas has been analyzed at the atomic scale using a kinetic Monte Carlo method. The method is parameterized by the rates of various nanotube surface and edge reactions (e.g. adsorption of hydrocarbons and hydrogen onto the surface of the transition-metal particles and onto the surface of carbon nanotubes, carbon atom attachment to the growing end of nanotubes, nucleation and growth of the outer nanotubes walls, etc.). Simulations of the carbon nanotubes growth are found to yield predictions regarding the effect of nominal and local processing conditions on the nanotubes morphology and growth rates in very good (qualitative and quantitative) agreement with their experimental counterparts. In addition, formation of new walls during growth is found to take place quite readily suggesting that the fabrication of single walled carbon nanotubes by CVD may be a formidable task. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Program Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USA, Res Lab, WMRD, AMSRL,WM,MD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Grujicic, M (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Program Mat Sci & Engn, 241 Engn Innovat Bldg, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RI Cao, guoxin/A-9790-2012 OI Cao, guoxin/0000-0002-6598-2899 NR 28 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 94 IS 2-3 BP 247 EP 259 AR PII S0921-5107(02)00095-8 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(02)00095-8 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 564QZ UT WOS:000176326200022 ER PT J AU Ryan, JR Dave, K Collins, KM Hochberg, L Sattabongkot, J Coleman, RE Dunton, RF Bangs, MJ Mbogo, CM Cooper, RD Schoeler, GB Rubio-Palis, Y Magris, M Romero, LI Padilla, N Quakyi, IA Bigoga, J Leke, RG Akinpelu, O Evans, B Walsey, M Patterson, P Wirtz, RA Chan, AST AF Ryan, JR Dave, K Collins, KM Hochberg, L Sattabongkot, J Coleman, RE Dunton, RF Bangs, MJ Mbogo, CM Cooper, RD Schoeler, GB Rubio-Palis, Y Magris, M Romero, LI Padilla, N Quakyi, IA Bigoga, J Leke, RG Akinpelu, O Evans, B Walsey, M Patterson, P Wirtz, RA Chan, AST TI Extensive multiple test centre evaluation of the VecTest(TM) malaria antigen panel assay SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles; Plasmodium falciparum; P. vivax variants 210 and 247; circumsporozoite protein; dipstick assay; malaria sporozoite; malaria vectors; multicentre study; rapid detection; wicking assay ID PLASMODIUM-VIVAX SPOROZOITES; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MOSQUITOS; FALCIPARUM AB To determine which species and populations of Anopheles transmit malaria in any given situation, immunological assays for malaria sporozoite antigen can replace traditional microscopical examination of freshly dissected Anopheles. We developed a wicking assay for use with mosquitoes that identifies the presence or absence of specific peptide epitopes of circumsporozoite (CS) protein of Plasmodium falciparum and two strains of Plasmodium vivax (variants 210 and 247). The resulting assay (VecTest(TM) Malaria) is a rapid, one-step procedure using a 'dipstick' test strip capable of detecting and distinguishing between P. falciparum and P. vivax infections in mosquitoes. The objective of the present study was to test the efficacy, sensitivity, stability and field-user acceptability of this wicking dipstick assay. In collaboration with 16 test centres world-wide, we evaluated more than 40 000 units of this assay, comparing it to the standard CS ELISA. The 'VecTest(TM) Malaria' was found to show 92% sensitivity and 98.1% specificity, with 97.8% accuracy overall. In accelerated storage tests, the dipsticks remained stable for >15 weeks in dry conditions up to 45degreesC and in humid conditions up to 37degreesC. Evidently, this quick and easy dipstick test performs at an acceptable level of reliability and offers practical advantages for field workers needing to make rapid surveys of malaria vectors. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Med Anal Syst Inc, Camarillo, CA USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. USA, Med Res Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kilifi, Kenya. Australian Army Malaria Inst, Gallipoli, Qld, Australia. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. Inst Estudios Salud Publ Dr Arnoldo Gabaldon, Maracay, Venezuela. Ctr Amazon Invest & Control Enfermedades Trop, Puerto Ayacucho, Venezuela. Gorgas Mem Inst, Panama City, Panama. Med Entomol Res Training Unit, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA. Univ Yaounde, Fac Med & Biomed Sci, Yaounde, Cameroon. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ryan, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 6 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 321 EP 327 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2915.2002.00368.x PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 589TF UT WOS:000177775900012 PM 12243234 ER PT J AU Waggener, R Blough, M Wieckowska, E Watts, R Lee, N Chen, D AF Waggener, R Blough, M Wieckowska, E Watts, R Lee, N Chen, D TI Modeling megavoltage x-ray spectra with a simple algorithm using transmission measurements SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Radiat Oncol, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Canc Therapy & Res Ctr S Texas, Dept Phys, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1204 EP 1204 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 565ME UT WOS:000176373400070 ER PT J AU Clarke, G Malik, J Pongnapang, N Rubal, B Feldman, M Bauch, T Harris, R Dick, E AF Clarke, G Malik, J Pongnapang, N Rubal, B Feldman, M Bauch, T Harris, R Dick, E TI MRI coronary flow reserve changes during progressive coronary constriction SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1290 EP 1290 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 565ME UT WOS:000176373400477 ER PT J AU Radnedge, L Agron, PG Worsham, PL Andersen, GL AF Radnedge, L Agron, PG Worsham, PL Andersen, GL TI Genome plasticity in Yersinia pestis SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article DE bacterial genome; comparative genomics; subtractive hybridization; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION; INSERTION-SEQUENCE; GENE-TRANSFER; PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS; STRAINS; DNA; PLAGUE; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM AB Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of bubonic plague, emerged recently (< 20 000 years ago) as a clone of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. There is scant evidence of genome diversity in Y. pestis, although it is possible to differentiate three biovars (antiqua, mediaevalis or orientalis) based on two biochemical tests. There are a few examples of restriction fragment length pollymorphisms (RFLPs) within Y. pestis; however, their genetic basis is poorly understood. In this study, six difference regions (DFRs) were identified in Y. pestis, by using subtractive hybridization, which ranged from 4-6 to 19 kb in size. Four of the DFRs are flanked by insertion sequences, and their sequences show similarity to bacterial genes encoding proteins for flagellar synthesis, ABC transport, insect toxicity and bacteriophage functions. The presence or absence of these DFRs (termed the DFR profile) was demonstrated in 78 geographically diverse strains of Y. pestis. Significant genome plasticity was observed among these strains and suggests the acquisition and deletion of these DNA regions during the recent evolution of Y. pestis. Y. pestis biovar orientallis possesses DFR profiles that are different from antiqua and mediaevalis biovars, reflecting the recent origins of this biovar. Whereas some DFR profiles are specific for antiqua and mediaevalis, some DFR profiles are shared by both biovars. Furthermore, the progenitor of Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis (an enteric pathogen), possesses its own DFR profile. The DFR profiles detailed here demonstrate genome plasticity within Y. pestis, and they imply evolutionary relationships among the three biovars of Y. pestis, as well as between Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USA, Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Andersen, GL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, L-441,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015 OI Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827 NR 34 TC 53 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 22 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD JUN PY 2002 VL 148 BP 1687 EP 1698 PN 6 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 564FR UT WOS:000176304800010 PM 12055289 ER PT J AU Harder, MTJ AF Harder, MTJ TI Time to repeal the assassination ban of executive order 12,333: A small step in clarifying current law SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article ID INTERNATIONAL-LAW C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Criminal Law Dept, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Harder, MTJ (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Criminal Law Dept, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 172 BP 1 EP 39 PG 39 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 582CQ UT WOS:000177332500001 ER PT J AU Arnold, MSK AF Arnold, MSK TI Stay the hand of vengeance SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 50, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Arnold, MSK (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 50, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 172 BP 195 EP 203 PG 9 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 582CQ UT WOS:000177332500004 ER PT J AU Erisman, MKL AF Erisman, MKL TI Kosovo SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Erisman, MKL (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 172 BP 204 EP 209 PG 6 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 582CQ UT WOS:000177332500005 ER PT J AU Haig, CCA AF Haig, CCA TI Ordeal by sea: The tragedy of the USS Indianapolis SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Judge Advocate Gen Corp, Washington, DC USA. RP Haig, CCA (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 172 BP 210 EP 217 PG 8 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 582CQ UT WOS:000177332500006 ER PT J AU Holzer, MW AF Holzer, MW TI Intervention: The use of American Military Force in the post-cold war world SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 50, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Holzer, MW (reprint author), Ctr Law & Mil Operat, Adv Int Law Studies Program, Charlottesville, VA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 172 BP 218 EP 224 PG 7 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 582CQ UT WOS:000177332500007 ER PT J AU Young, CL AF Young, CL TI Carnage and culture: Landmark battles in the rise of Western power SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Young, CL (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 172 BP 225 EP 232 PG 8 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 582CQ UT WOS:000177332500008 ER PT J AU Adams, SR Freeman, DR AF Adams, SR Freeman, DR TI Women who are violent: Attitudes and beliefs of professionals working in the field of domestic violence SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB This cross-sectional, exploratory study examines the attitudes and beliefs professionals maintain about encountering women who initiate violence in their relationships. Current assessment and treatment guidelines for women who are violent are also examined. The study included 225 military and civilian domestic violence professionals. The results indicate that professionals encounter women who are violent even when their partners have not been abusive. Professionals also reported that violence by women is often serious and results in injury to male victims. A large percentage of professionals revealed that they are not confident in their abilities to assess the motives of women who use physical violence. In addition, many professionals indicated that there is a lack of appropriate guidelines to assist them in assessing women and that they need more training in this area of domestic violence. C1 USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Adams, SR (reprint author), USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 6 BP 445 EP 450 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DV UT WOS:000181420700002 PM 12099076 ER PT J AU McHale, KA Gajewski, DA AF McHale, KA Gajewski, DA TI The "floating ankle": A pattern of violent injury. Treatment with thin-pin external fixation SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RECONSTRUCTION; FRACTURES; FIXATORS AB The "floating ankle" is an underappreciated pattern of injury that results from violent trauma and/or blast injuries in military personnel. It is characterized by an intact ankle mortise with a distal tibia fracture and an ipsilateral foot fracture, creating instability around the ankle. This pattern of injury may be the result of the military boot, which both protects the foot from immediate amputation or further injury and renders the distal tibia susceptible to fracture at the boot top. Four patients with open floating ankle injuries were treated with thin-pin circular fixation with good results. Two patients required bone transport for segmental loss. All patients are ambulatory without assistance or bracing. Thin-pin external fixation is a reasonable approach to this complex injury pattern, especially in the presence of marked soft tissue compromise with or without segmental bone loss. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP McHale, KA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 6 BP 454 EP 458 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DV UT WOS:000181420700004 PM 12099078 ER PT J AU Chaffin, J Brooks, S Kahue, P AF Chaffin, J Brooks, S Kahue, P TI Dental cost of deploying a national guard unit to Bosnia SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Objectives: To examine the dental readiness of a National Guard (NG) unit mobilizing to Bosnia, to estimate the civilian comparable cost for the necessary treatment to make the unit deployable, and to examine the effect on the active component (AC) dental readiness. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort analysis of dental fitness classifications (DFCs) and treatment provided for the 48th IN BDE (Mech) upon mobilization for a 6-month deployment to Bosnia. The NG unit mobilized through Fort Stewart, Georgia, from December 2000 through February 2001 en route to a 6-month deployment starting in February 2001. All soldiers received dental examinations and were classified in one of four DFCs. DFC 1 implies that the soldier has no dental treatment needs; DFC 2 indicates that the soldier needs dental treatment, but the condition is not expected to cause an emergency in the next 12 months; DFC 3 indicates that significant oral conditions present are expected to cause an emergency in the next 12 months; DFC 4 indicates that the soldier is in need of a dental examination. Dental treatment was provided for all DFC 3 soldiers. A database was created of DFCs of deploying soldiers upon arrival at the mobilization site and dental procedures performed. Results: This retrospective review identified 1,378 soldiers who processed through the dental station at the mobilization site. Soldiers DFCs were as follows: DFC 1, 7.8%; DFC 2, 50.1%; DFC 3, 35.8%; DFC 4, 6.2%. Direct costs to the Fort Stewart Dental Activity were $95,602. The services provided to treat the DFC 3 patients are valued at $441,471. Conclusions: The dental readiness of this NG unit was greatly inferior to that of the AC, and there is a significant cost in personnel, dollars, and AC readiness to provide the needed dental treatment before mobilization. C1 USA, Dent Command, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Dent Act, Ft Stewart, GA 31314 USA. RP Chaffin, J (reprint author), USA, Dent Command, 2050 Worth Rd,Suite 113, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 6 BP 474 EP 477 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DV UT WOS:000181420700008 PM 12099082 ER PT J AU Thompson, WL Malchow, RJ AF Thompson, WL Malchow, RJ TI Peripheral nerve blocks and anesthesia of the hand SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INJURIES AB Regional anesthesia of the hand can be used in a vast array of hand injuries and minor operations. Local infiltration techniques require multiple injections and higher doses of anesthetic that make them less preferable to peripheral nerve blocks. Regional anesthesia can be safe and effective as long as the provider has a firm understanding of the anatomy and technique. Multiple peripheral nerve blockade at the wrist can be a safe means of exploring complex wounds to the hand in both the emergency department and the operating room with minimal tissue distortion. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, MCHE, SDA, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Thompson, WL (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, 2991 Garden Ave,STE 159, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 6 BP 478 EP 482 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DV UT WOS:000181420700009 PM 12099083 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Chesbrough, KB Ryan, MAK Amoroso, P Boyko, EJ Gackstetter, GD Hooper, TI Riddle, JR AF Gray, GC Chesbrough, KB Ryan, MAK Amoroso, P Boyko, EJ Gackstetter, GD Hooper, TI Riddle, JR CA Millennium Cohort Study Grp TI The millennium cohort study: A 21-year prospective cohort study, of 140,000 military personnel SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Illnesses Among Gulf War Veterans CY JAN 24-26, 2001 CL ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA ID VETERANS; CARE AB Does military service, in particular operational deployment, result in a higher risk of chronic illness among military personnel and veterans? The Millennium Cohort Study, the largest Department of Defense prospective cohort study ever conducted, will attempt to answer this question. The probability-based sample of 140,000 military personnel will be surveyed every 3 years during a 21-year period. The first questionnaire, scheduled for release in summer 2001, will be sent to 30,000 veterans who have been deployed to southwest Asia, Bosnia, or Kosovo since August 1997 and 70,000 veterans who have not been deployed to these conflict areas. Twenty thousand new participants will be added to the group in each of the years 2004 and 2007 to complete the study population of 140,000. The participants will have the option of completing the study questionnaire either on the paper copy received in the mail or through the World Wide Web-based version, which is available at www.MillenniumCohort.org. This will be one of the first prospective studies ever to offer such an option. The initial survey instrument will collect data regarding demographic characteristics, self-reported medical conditions and symptoms, and health-related behaviors. Validated instruments will be incorporated to capture self-assessed physical and mental functional status (Short Form for Veterans), psychosocial assessment (Patient Health Questionnaire), and post-traumatic stress disorder (Patient Checklist-17). Information obtained from the survey responses will be linked with other military databases, including data on deployment, occupation, vaccinations, health care utilization, and disability. In addition to revealing changes in veterans' health status over time, the Millennium Cohort Study will serve as a data repository, providing a solid foundation upon which additional epidemiological studies may be constructed. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Total Army Injury & Hlth Outcomes Database Projec, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA 98108 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. US Dept Def, Off Assistant Secretary Def Hlth Affairs, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. RP Chesbrough, KB (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. OI Potter, John/0000-0001-5439-1500 NR 20 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 6 BP 483 EP 488 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DV UT WOS:000181420700010 PM 12099084 ER PT J AU Geren, I O'Connell, D Tsai, R Razai, A Nowakowski, A Mullaney, B Blake, R Sheridan, R Montgomery, V Smith, T Smith, LA Marks, JD AF Geren, I O'Connell, D Tsai, R Razai, A Nowakowski, A Mullaney, B Blake, R Sheridan, R Montgomery, V Smith, T Smith, LA Marks, JD TI Decipering the immune response to botulinum neurotoxin type A SO NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Xavier Univ, New Orleans, LA 70125 USA. USAMRICD, Neurotoxicol Branch, Aberdine, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Toxicol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0028-1298 J9 N-S ARCH PHARMACOL JI Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 365 SU 2 MA 51 BP R21 EP R21 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 569HE UT WOS:000176596100053 ER PT J AU Lebeda, FJ Oyler, GA AF Lebeda, FJ Oyler, GA TI BotDB: A database for clostridial neurotoxin structure and function SO NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0028-1298 J9 N-S ARCH PHARMACOL JI Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 365 SU 2 MA 77 BP R28 EP R28 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 569HE UT WOS:000176596100079 ER PT J AU Smith, LA AF Smith, LA TI Roads from vaccines to therapies SO NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Toxinol & Aerobiol, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0028-1298 J9 N-S ARCH PHARMACOL JI Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 365 SU 2 MA 134 BP R42 EP R42 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 569HE UT WOS:000176596100136 ER PT J AU Smith, TJ Marks, JD Montgomery, VA Smith, LA AF Smith, TJ Marks, JD Montgomery, VA Smith, LA TI Immunological and protective differences of two botulinum type A neurotoxin strains SO NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Toxinol & Aerobiol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0028-1298 J9 N-S ARCH PHARMACOL JI Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 365 SU 2 MA 135 BP R42 EP R42 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 569HE UT WOS:000176596100137 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC Agodoa, LY AF Abbott, KC Agodoa, LY TI Hospitalizations for bacterial endocarditis after initiation of chronic dialysis in the United States SO NEPHRON LA English DT Article DE bacterial endocarditis; hospitalization; complications; dialysis; United States Renal Data System; age; creatinine; African-American; diabetes; nonvalvular heart disease ID STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS; RISK-FACTORS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; CHRONIC-HEMODIALYSIS; BACTEREMIA; TRANSPLANT; PROGNOSIS; MORTALITY; EPISODES AB Aims: Bacterial endocarditis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality but has not been studied in a national population of end-stage renal disease patients. Methods: 327,993 dialysis patients in the United States Renal Data System initiated from 1 January 1992 to 30 June 1997 were analyzed in a historical cohort study of hospitalized bacterial endocarditis (ENDO, ICD9 Code 421.x). Renal transplant recipients were excluded. Results: Hemodialysis patients had an age-adjusted incidence ratio for ENDO of 17.86 (95% confidence interval, 6.62-48.90) and peritoneal dialysis patients 10.54 (95% Cl, 0.71- 158.13, not statistically significant) compared to the general population in 1996 (the National Hospital Discharge Survey). 6.1% of patients with ENDO underwent valve replacement surgery. In multivariate analysis, hemodialysis (vs. peritoneal dialysis), earlier year of dialysis, cardiac disease, and lower serum creatinine and albumin were associated with increased risk of ENDO. In Cox regression analysis, patients with ENDO had increased mortality, relative risk 1.48 (95% Cl 1.45-1.73). Conclusions: Patients on chronic dialysis were at increased risk for ENDO compared to the general population. The risk for peritoneal dialysis patients was not statistically significant, possibly due to the smaller numbers of patients on this modality. Hemodialysis (vs. peritoneal dialysis) and comorbidities were the strongest risk factors for ENDO identified. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 30 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0028-2766 J9 NEPHRON JI Nephron PD JUN PY 2002 VL 91 IS 2 BP 203 EP 209 DI 10.1159/000058393 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 566EV UT WOS:000176414800005 PM 12053054 ER PT J AU Walton, TL AF Walton, TL TI Even-odd analysis on a complex shoreline SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE beach erosion; sediment transport; longshore transport; wave energy; non-stationary signals AB An even-odd signal decomposition is performed on a complex shoreline having a longshore sediment transport gradient. The expected impact of erosion due to a navigation channel and structures is discussed and implications of the transport gradient on the decomposed shoreline signal are noted. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, USAE Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Walton, TL (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, USAE Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 6 BP 711 EP 719 AR PII S0029-8018(01)00043-9 DI 10.1016/S0029-8018(01)00043-9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 536AK UT WOS:000174678400008 ER PT J AU Keenan, S Mitts, KG Kurtz, CA AF Keenan, S Mitts, KG Kurtz, CA TI Scurvy presenting as a medial head tear of the gastrocnemius SO ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of Society-of-Military-Orthopaedic-Surgeons CY DEC, 1998 CL VAIL, COLORADO SP Soc Military Orthopaed Surg C1 USN Hosp, Dept Orthoped Surg, Okinawa, Japan. RP Keenan, S (reprint author), USA, MC,220 Cordero Dr, Cibolo, TX 78108 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0147-7447 J9 ORTHOPEDICS JI Orthopedics PD JUN PY 2002 VL 25 IS 6 BP 689 EP 691 PG 3 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 562VV UT WOS:000176220400020 PM 12083582 ER PT J AU Sniezek, JC Matheny, KE Burkey, BB Netterville, JL Pietenpol, JA AF Sniezek, JC Matheny, KE Burkey, BB Netterville, JL Pietenpol, JA TI Expression of p63 and 14-3-3 sigma in normal and hyperdifferentiated mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID ORAL LICHEN-PLANUS; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; P53 HOMOLOG; APOPTOSIS; LIMB AB OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to analyze p63 and 143-3sigma expression in normal and hyperdifferentiated head and neck mucosa. STUDY DESIGN: Compare the in vivo expression of p63 and 14-3-3sigma by immunohistochemistry in normal mucosa and oral lichen planus, a benign mucosal lesion marked by hyperdifferentiation and apoptosis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: p63 is underexpressed and 14-3-3sigma is overexpressed in lichen planus on immunohistochemical analysis. SIGNIFICANCE: The findings support the hypothesis that p63 plays an antidifferentiation role, whereas 14-3-3sigma plays a prodifferentiation role in the upper aerodigestive tract epithelium. Lichen planus is a valuable model for the study of p63, 14-3-3sigma, and mucosal differentiation. p63 and 14-3-3sigma may be molecular markers for oral lichen planus. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Vanderbilt Ingram Comprehens Canc Ctr, Ctr Mol Toxicol, Nashville, TN USA. RP Sniezek, JC (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, DSH, MCHK, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA68485, CA70856]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00267] NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 126 IS 6 BP 598 EP 601 DI 10.1067/mhn.2002.125302 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 569KG UT WOS:000176601100002 PM 12087324 ER PT J AU Pazos, G Mair, EA AF Pazos, G Mair, EA TI Safety of radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction in sleep-disordered breathing - Reply to editor SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Letter ID ABLATION; PALATE C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Pazos, G (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 126 IS 6 BP 698 EP 700 DI 10.1067/mhn.2002.125758 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 569KG UT WOS:000176601100021 ER PT J AU Callahan, CW Redding, GJ AF Callahan, CW Redding, GJ TI Bronchiectasis in children: Orphan disease or persistent problem? SO PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE bronchiectasis; prevalence; etiologies; epidemiology ID RESOLUTION COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; ALASKA NATIVE CHILDREN; BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS; AIRWAY RESPONSIVENESS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; METHACHOLINE; MALNUTRITION; TOBRAMYCIN; INFECTION AB More than a decade ago, bronchiectasis unrelated to cystic fibrosis was termed an "orphan disease", because it had become an uncommon clinical entity among children in the developed world. Bronchiectasis is more common among children in lower socioeconomic classes and in developing countries, presumably due to more frequent and recurrent respiratory infections, environmental airway irritants, poor immunization rates, and malnutrition. Reports from the Southern Pacific and from Alaska Native children reveal persistently high rates of childhood bronchiectasis. Better epidemiologic data throughout the world are needed to reassess the importance of this condition. The pathophysiology includes airway inflammation, mucus production, and regional airway obstruction, yet the reasons why some children develop bronchiectasis while other do not is unclear. The coexistence of asthma with bronchiectasis is associated with more severe disease, yet the impact of asthma therapy in children with both disorders has not been studied. Similarly, the pattern of antibiotic use for children with bronchiectasis varies by region with little data to justify one particular approach. It may be that public health measures aimed at improving living conditions for children and prevention of respiratory infections with antiviral vaccines will have more impact on childhood bronchiectasis than medical treatments in the future. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pediat MCHK PE, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Callahan, CW (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pediat MCHK PE, Dept Pediat, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 45 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 8755-6863 J9 PEDIATR PULM JI Pediatr. Pulmonol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 33 IS 6 BP 492 EP 496 DI 10.1002/ppul.10104 PG 5 WC Pediatrics; Respiratory System SC Pediatrics; Respiratory System GA 555MJ UT WOS:000175797600013 PM 12001284 ER PT J AU Pleban, RJ Matthews, MD Salter, MS Eakin, DE AF Pleban, RJ Matthews, MD Salter, MS Eakin, DE TI Training and assessing complex decision-making in a virtual environment SO PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS LA English DT Article AB The current report describes a procedure for training and assessing complex decision-making in a virtual environment. Focusing on small unit leaders, 7 experienced and 7 inexperienced Army platoon leaders performed missions in a combat simulator. where they were required to direct the activities of 3 subordinate leaders and computer-gene rated forces in 4 different operations in a virtual urban setting, Objective and subjective assessments of the training value of the simulations showed that both experienced an inexperienced platoon leaders improved their decision-making across the four missions, and both groups rated this "virtual environment" training procedure as useful and positive. Lessons learned and implications for designing similar training protocols for other domains are discussed. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, West Point, NY 10996 USA. USA, Inst Res, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Matthews, MD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM lm6270@usma.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMMONS SCIENTIFIC, LTD PI MISSOULA PA PO BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807-9229 USA SN 0031-5125 J9 PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL JI Percept. Mot. Skills PD JUN PY 2002 VL 94 IS 3 BP 871 EP 882 PN 1 PG 12 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 561UL UT WOS:000176161100024 PM 12081293 ER PT J AU Bharadwaj, RK Mehrabi, AR Hamilton, C Trujillo, C Murga, M Fan, R Chavira, A Thompson, AK AF Bharadwaj, RK Mehrabi, AR Hamilton, C Trujillo, C Murga, M Fan, R Chavira, A Thompson, AK TI Structure-property relationships in cross-linked polyester-clay nanocomposites SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE polyester-clay nanocomposites; X-ray diffraction; structure-property relationships ID NYLON 6-CLAY HYBRID; SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; UNSATURATED POLYESTER; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THERMAL-STABILITY; MONTMORILLONITE; POLYMER; INTERCALATION; METHACRYLATE); FLAMMABILITY AB Crosslinked polyester-clay nanocomposites were prepared by dispersing organically modified montmorillonite in prepromoted polyester resin and subsequently crosslinked using methyl ethyl ketone peroxide catalyst at several different clay concentrations (1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 wt%). X-ray diffraction studies revealed the formation of a nanocomposite in all cases with the disappearance of the peak corresponding to the basal spacing of the pure clay. Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the morphology at different length scales and showed the nanocomposite to be comprised of a random dispersion of intercalated/exfoliated aggregates throughout the matrix. Thermal degradation of the nanocomposites was found to be slightly but progressively hastened compared to the pure crosslinked polymer, loss and storage modulus were monotonically shifted toward higher frequency values, and the tensile modulus was found to decrease with increasing clay content. These unexpected results were rationalized based on the decrease in the degree of crosslinking of the polyester resin in the nanocomposite, in the presence of clay. In particular, the nanocomposite containing 2.5 wt% clay consistently demonstrated a drop in properties far greater than that observed at other clay concentrations, and was attributed to the greater degree of exfoliation seen in this case which presumably leads to a greater decrease in the degree of crosslinking. Oxygen permeability rates in the polyester nanocomposites decreased with increasing clay content, as expected, and was satisfactorily reproduced using a tortuosity based model. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA. Univ So Calif, Ctr Electron Microscopy & Microanal, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Bharadwaj, RK (reprint author), USA, Res Ctr, 2900 Bradley St, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA. RI Mehrabi, Ali/C-6585-2009 NR 29 TC 217 Z9 221 U1 4 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 13 BP 3699 EP 3705 AR PII S0032-3861(02)00187-8 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00187-8 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 554MB UT WOS:000175738500014 ER PT J AU Kemerley, RT Wallace, HB Yoder, MN AF Kemerley, RT Wallace, HB Yoder, MN TI Impact of wide bandgap microwave devices on DoD systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE gallium nitride; microwave devices; microwave power amplifiers; microwave solid state; silicon carbide; wide bandgap semiconductors (WBS) ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS AB Radio frequency (RF) semiconductor, electronics enable military systems that operate in the microwave and millimeter wave frequency bands of 1-100. GHz. The performance of numerous electromagnetic systems could be enhanced by the inclusion of wide bandgap (WBG) microwave and millimeter wave devices, either as power amplifier or receiver elements. The demonstrated power performance has generally been six to ten times that of equivalent gallium arsenide or indium phosphide devices up through 20 GHz, with enhanced dynamic range and improved impedance matching. These characteristics provide an opportunity to significantly reduce the number of modules required for many active aperture antenna systems, hence, cost, while enabling new capabilities for shared apertures. Prior to realization of any WBG system deployment, however considerable development and maturation of WBG materials, devices, and circuits must yet ensue. C1 USAF, Aerosp Components Div, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Off Naval Res, Div Elect, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kemerley, RT (reprint author), USAF, Aerosp Components Div, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUN PY 2002 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1059 EP 1064 AR PII S0018-9219(02)05579-2 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2002.1021570 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 581CF UT WOS:000177273000012 ER EF