FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Ellsworth, RE Ellsworth, DL Deyarmin, B Sarachine, M Hooke, J Somiari, RI Shriver, CD AF Ellsworth, RE Ellsworth, DL Deyarmin, B Sarachine, M Hooke, J Somiari, RI Shriver, CD TI Loss of heterozygosity in primary breast carcinomas and metastatic tumors of the axillary lymph nodes. SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 03-06, 2003 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS C1 Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2003 VL 82 SU 1 MA 565 BP S138 EP S138 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 747AN UT WOS:000186783100440 ER PT J AU Gurney, JM Storrer, CE Woll, MM Fischer, CM Kotula, L Gahan, JC Jackson, KA Shriver, CD Ponniah, S Peoples, GE AF Gurney, JM Storrer, CE Woll, MM Fischer, CM Kotula, L Gahan, JC Jackson, KA Shriver, CD Ponniah, S Peoples, GE TI In vivo expansion of tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells and intra-antigenic epitope spreading in breast cancer patients receiving a preventive HER2/neu peptide vaccine. SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 03-06, 2003 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2003 VL 82 SU 1 MA 468 BP S114 EP S114 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 747AN UT WOS:000186783100361 ER PT J AU Hu, H Shriver, CD Malicki, L Jordan, R Brzeski, H Somiari, S Lubert, S Hooke, J Somiari, R AF Hu, H Shriver, CD Malicki, L Jordan, R Brzeski, H Somiari, S Lubert, S Hooke, J Somiari, R TI Microarray analysis of gene expression in blood of patients with breast disease. SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 03-06, 2003 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS C1 Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2003 VL 82 SU 1 MA 684 BP S167 EP S168 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 747AN UT WOS:000186783100532 ER PT J AU Mittendorf, EA Arciero, C Gutchell, V Shriver, CD AF Mittendorf, EA Arciero, C Gutchell, V Shriver, CD TI Core biopsy diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ: an indication for sentinel lymph node biopsy. SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 03-06, 2003 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2003 VL 82 SU 1 MA 151 BP S34 EP S34 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 747AN UT WOS:000186783100103 ER PT J AU Somiari, RI Russell, S Sullivan, A Somiari, SA Brzeski, H Hu, H Jordan, R Hooke, J Shriver, CD AF Somiari, RI Russell, S Sullivan, A Somiari, SA Brzeski, H Hu, H Jordan, R Hooke, J Shriver, CD TI High throughput proteomics and biological variation analysis of differentially expressed proteins in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast. SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 03-06, 2003 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS C1 Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2003 VL 82 SU 1 MA 571 BP S140 EP S140 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 747AN UT WOS:000186783100446 ER PT J AU Somiari, S Shriver, C Heckman, C Jordan, R Hu, H Hooke, J Olsen, C Brzeski, H Somiari, R AF Somiari, S Shriver, C Heckman, C Jordan, R Hu, H Hooke, J Olsen, C Brzeski, H Somiari, R TI Serum and plasma levels of total and active matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9: any role in breast disease classification? SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 03-06, 2003 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS C1 Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2003 VL 82 SU 1 MA 406 BP S95 EP S95 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 747AN UT WOS:000186783100299 ER PT J AU Sullivan, AG Russell, S George, A Katenhusen, R Somiari, RI Shriver, C AF Sullivan, AG Russell, S George, A Katenhusen, R Somiari, RI Shriver, C TI Comprehensive quantitative analysis of proteins co-dysregulated with overexpressing Her-2 cell lines using multirange 2D-DICE and mass spectrometry. SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 03-06, 2003 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS C1 Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2003 VL 82 SU 1 MA 679 BP S166 EP S166 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 747AN UT WOS:000186783100527 ER PT J AU Clarke, JW Lucente, S AF Clarke, JW Lucente, S TI Getting even: Some observations on President Clinton's would-be assassin, Francisco Martin Duran SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Polit Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Clarke, JW (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Polit Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0007-1234 J9 BRIT J POLIT SCI JI Br. J. Polit. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 33 BP 129 EP 139 DI 10.1017/S000712340300006 PN 1 PG 11 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 671XC UT WOS:000182489500006 ER PT J AU Risinger, JI Maxwell, GL Chandramouli, GVR Jazaeri, A Aprelikova, O Patterson, T Berchuck, A Barrett, JC AF Risinger, JI Maxwell, GL Chandramouli, GVR Jazaeri, A Aprelikova, O Patterson, T Berchuck, A Barrett, JC TI Microarray analysis reveals distinct gene expression profiles among different histologic types of endometrial cancer SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FOLATE BINDING-PROTEIN; MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY; CARCINOMA; MUTATIONS; SUPPRESSOR; OVEREXPRESSION; RECEPTOR; CATENIN; CELLS; PTEN AB Previous studies of oncogene and tumor suppressor gene alterations have suggested that differences exist in the molecular pathogenesis of the various histological types of endometrial cancer. To elucidate further the molecular events involved in endometrial carcinogenesis, we examined global expression patterns of 16 nonendometrioid cancers (13 serous papillary and 3 clear cell), 19 endometrioid cancers, and 7 age-matched normal endometria using cDNA microarrays. Unsupervised analysis of gene expression identified 191 genes that exhibited >2-fold differences (P < 0.001) between the histological groups. Many genes were similarly dysregulated in both nonendometrioid and endometrioid cancers relative to normal endometria. Gene expression differences in only 24 transcripts could distinguish serous from endometrioid cancers, the two most common subgroups. These data provide the basis for investigation of previously unrecognized novel pathways involved in the development of endometrial cancers. C1 NCI, Lab Biosyst & Canc, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Barrett, JC (reprint author), NCI, Lab Biosyst & Canc, NIH, 900 Rockville Pike,Bldg 37,Room 5032,Mail Stop Co, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Jazaeri, Amir/A-2400-2008; Jazaeri, Amir/I-3458-2015 OI Jazaeri, Amir/0000-0003-4335-4151 NR 42 TC 130 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 63 IS 1 BP 6 EP 11 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 633NZ UT WOS:000180290500002 PM 12517768 ER PT S AU Synowczynski, J Hirsch, SG Gersten, BL Geyer, R AF Synowczynski, J Hirsch, SG Gersten, BL Geyer, R BE Nair, KM Bhalla, AS Hirano, SI Suvorov, D Zhu, W Schwartz, R TI Microstructural evolution of bulk composite ferroelectrics and its effect on the microwave properties SO CERAMIC MATERIALS AND MULTILAYER ELECTRONIC DEVICES SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ceramic Materials and Multilayer Electronic Devices held at the 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; CERAMICS; SIZE AB A study was conducted to determine the influence of the processing conditions on the microstructural evolution and subsequent microwave properties of Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3 (BST)/MgO composites. The objective was to find the conditions necessary to maximize the permittivity while keeping the dielectric loss at a minimum. Experiments were designed to determine the effect of the processing at three different stages during the fabrication process: powder processing, green body densification, and sintering schedule. For the experiments, powders were processed using both conventional solid state calcinations (particle size similar to 1um) and wet chemical reactions (particle size similar to25 100nm). These powders were then densified either colloidally (ie. Tape casting) or through uniaxial dry pressing. Geometric green density measurements revealed that the wet chemical powders compacted at a much lower green density than the calcined powders. These compacts were then sintered at three sintering temperatures (ie. 1250degreesC, 1350degreesC, and 1450degreesC) for 2 hours. SEM microscopy and BET analysis of the sintered compacts revealed the temperature onset for sintering as well as the grain growth kinetics. Archimedes density measurements determined that for wet chemically processed powders, the maximum density and minimum porosity were achieved at 1350degreesC sintering temperature, whereas the solid state calcined powders did not reach full density until 1450degreesC. The effect of these results on the microwave properties will be discussed in further detail. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Synowczynski, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-205-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2003 VL 150 BP 187 EP 195 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BY30R UT WOS:000188865600016 ER PT S AU Ballato, A AF Ballato, A BE Nair, KM Bhalla, AS Hirano, SI Suvorov, D Zhu, W Schwartz, R TI Upper frequency limits of piezoceramic resonators SO CERAMIC MATERIALS AND MULTILAYER ELECTRONIC DEVICES SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ceramic Materials and Multilayer Electronic Devices held at the 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; ACOUSTIC RESONATORS; POLYMER COMPOSITES; FUNDAMENTAL-MODE; QUARTZ; FILTERS; CERAMICS; DEVICES; SILICON; GAAS AB New piezoceramic materials currently under development promise low intrinsic acoustic losses, along with high coupling factors. These will make appealing candidates for frequency control and selection applications in the burgeoning telecommunications market. Piezoceramic resonators, however, are often judged by a number of differing metrics, depending upon the intended application. Acoustic quality factor (Q) and electromechanical coupling factor (k) are two most often used. None of the usual performance figures is fully adequate for characterizing resonators for telecommunication frequencies. This paper describes various metrics traditionally applied to resonators, and introduces another criterion that is much more suitable for ranking materials intended for resonator and filter uses. The new material criterion can be expressed as an upper frequency limit, beyond which resonance behavior is inadequate. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Ballato, A (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 110 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-205-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2003 VL 150 BP 333 EP 349 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BY30R UT WOS:000188865600030 ER PT S AU Ballato, A AF Ballato, A BE Nair, KM Bhalla, AS Hirano, SI Suvorov, D Zhu, W Schwartz, R TI Face-loaded piezoceramic plate transducers SO CERAMIC MATERIALS AND MULTILAYER ELECTRONIC DEVICES SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ceramic Materials and Multilayer Electronic Devices held at the 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL-MICROBALANCE; ONE-DIMENSIONAL TREATMENT; SHEAR MODE RESONATORS; PIEZOELECTRIC RESONATORS; ULTRASONIC SEPARATION; SUSPENDED PARTICLES; EQUIVALENT-CIRCUIT; THIN-FILMS; ELECTRICAL NETWORKS; LIQUID PROPERTIES AB Piezoceramic elements are finding increasing uses as cost-effective sensors for a wide variety of measurands. This paper uses a simple, plane bulk acoustic wave model to discuss effects arising from changes occurring at the vibrating surfaces of a piezoelectric transducer, when exposed to coatings having various properties, with a variety of interfacial contact behaviors. Effects of fluid loading on the multi-mode Q values of an obliquely cut piezocrystal are computed for various pressures as an example of mode coupling by mechanical boundary conditions. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Ballato, A (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 146 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-205-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2003 VL 150 BP 377 EP 399 PG 23 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BY30R UT WOS:000188865600034 ER PT S AU Pellegrino, PM Polcawich, RG AF Pellegrino, PM Polcawich, RG BE Gardner, PJ TI Advancement of a MEMS photoacoustic chemical sensor SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing IV CY APR 21-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE photoacoustics; microelectromechanical systems; piezoelectrics; chemical sensor ID MINIATURIZATION; INTEGRATION; CELL AB Photoacoustic spectroscopy is a useful monitoring technique that is well suited for trace gas detection. The technique also possesses favorable detection characteristics when the system dimensions are scaled to a micro-system design. The objective of present work is to incorporate two strengths of the Army Research Laboratory (ARL), piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and chemical and biological sensing into a monolithic MEMS photoacoutic trace gas sensor. We initially miniaturized a macro-cell design as a means to examine performance and design issues as the photoacoustics is scaled to a dimension approaching the MEMS level. A miniature non-MEMS photoacoutic resonance cell was fabricated and tested with resonator dimensions: diam.=1.5 mm, length = 30mm. Knowledge gained in these initial tests provide the basic information required to fabricate a MEMS scale device while maintaining the sensor integrity. Initial MEMS work is centered on fabrication of a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) microphone subsystem to be incorporated in the full photoacoustic device. PZT membrane microphones have been designed, fabricated and acoustically tested. Presently, the piezoelectric microphone performance has revealed the possibility of using a PZT microphone as the passive acoustic detection mechanism of a photoacoustic resonant cavity. Preliminary designs of the MEMS photoacoustic resonator incorporate a three-wafer design to create a monolithic MEMS photoacoustic cavity. Results will be presented describing the miniature photoacoustic cell capabilities and initial MEMS microphone performance. Preliminary results concerning the MEMS photoacoustic cell design will also be discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Pellegrino, PM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 10 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4944-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5085 BP 52 EP 63 DI 10.1117/12.487134 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BX58F UT WOS:000185757900007 ER PT S AU Alexander, TA Pellegrino, P Gillespie, JB AF Alexander, TA Pellegrino, P Gillespie, JB BE Gardner, PJ TI Near-infrared Surface-Enhanced-Raman-Scattering (SERS) mediated detection of single, optically trapped, bacterial spores SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing IV CY APR 21-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE optical tweezer; Surface-Enhanced-Raman-Scattering; bacterial spore ID PARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; CELLS; MANIPULATION; TWEEZERS; COLLOIDS AB A novel methodology has been developed for the investigation of bacterial spores. Specifically, this method has been used to probe the spore coat composition of two different Bacillus stearothermophilus variants. This technique may be useful in many applications; most notably, development of novel detection schemes toward potentially harmful bacteria. This method would also be useful as an ancillary environmental monitoring system where sterility is of importance (i.e., food preparation areas as well as invasive and minimally invasive medical applications). This unique detection scheme is based on the near-infrared (NIR) Surface-Enhanced-Raman-Scattering (SERS) from single, optically trapped, bacterial spores. The SERS spectra of bacterial spores in aqueous media have been measured using SERS substrates based on similar to60-nm diameter gold colloids bound to 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane derivatized glass. The light from a 787-nm laser diode was used to trap/manipulate as well as simultaneously excite the SERS of an individual bacterial spore. The collected SERS spectra were examined for uniqueness and the applicability of this technique for the strain discrimination of Bacillus stearothermophilus spores. Comparison of normal Raman and SERS spectra reveal not only an enhancement of the normal Raman spectral features but also the appearance of spectral features absent in the normal Raman spectrum. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EO, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Alexander, TA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EO, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4944-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2003 VL 5085 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1117/12.486993 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BX58F UT WOS:000185757900011 ER PT S AU Alexander, TA AF Alexander, TA BE Gardner, PJ TI Development of a novel spectroscopic methodology for the unique determination of bacterial spores SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing IV CY APR 21-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID TERBIUM DIPICOLINATE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BACILLUS-CEREUS; IDENTIFICATION; EXTRACTION AB A novel methodology has been developed for the determination (i.e., identification and quantification) of bacterial spores that may be useful in many applications; most notably, development of detection schemes toward potentially harmful biological agents such as Bacillus anthracis.(1) In addition, this method would be useful as an environmental warning system where sterility is of importance (i.e., food preparation areas(2) as well as invasive and minimally-invasive medical applications 3). This method is based on the infrared (1500 to 4000-nm) absorption of fatty acids and peptides extracted from the spore. The absorption spectra of several bacterial spore extracts in carbon disulfide solution have been measured. Further, the groups of absorption bands in this region are unique for each spore, which implies it may be possible to use this technique for their determination. The Bacillus spores studied were chosen because they are taxonomically close to each other as well as to Bacillus anthracis.(4,5) Expectedly, the measured absorption bands are heavily overlapped since the extracted analytes are similar in structure for each Bacillus spore. Additionally, this makes it impossible to use a single wavelength for the determination of any bacterial spore species. However, it may be possible to use the infrared absorption technique in conjunction with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression method(6-8) to develop statistical models for the determination of bacterial spores. Results will be presented concerning sampling, data treatment, and development of PLS models as well as application of these models in the determination of unknown Bacillus bacterial spores. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EO, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Alexander, TA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EO, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4944-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5085 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1117/12.487015 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BX58F UT WOS:000185757900012 ER PT S AU Sumner, JJ Mmerole, RU Stratis-Cullum, D Yi, HM Bentley, WE Gillespie, JB AF Sumner, JJ Mmerole, RU Stratis-Cullum, D Yi, HM Bentley, WE Gillespie, JB BE Gardner, PJ TI Hybridization assay based on evanescent fluorescence excitation and collection SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing IV CY APR 21-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE hybridization; fiber optic; biosensor; fluorescence ID BIOSENSOR; MICROARRAY; CHITOSAN; SENSOR AB There is a great need for high throughput and sensitive sensors for genetic analysis. These sensors can be used for varied purposes from monitoring gene expression in organisms to speciation of possible pathogens. Consequently, an instrument capable of these tasks would be a great benefit for food and water safety, medical diagnostics and defense of military and civilian populations from biological threats. This work examines the development of a hybridization-based biosensor using a novel tapered fiber optic probe. The immobilization of single-stranded, synthetic oligonucleotides utilizing aminoproplytriethoxysilane and glutaraldehyde was implemented on the fiber optic sensor. Hybridization takes place with a complementary analyte sequence followed by a fluorescent, labeled signaling probe to form a sandwich assay. Following hybridization, the fiber is interrogated with a diode laser source and the resulting fluorescence signal is detected using a miniature spectrometer. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sumner, JJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4944-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5085 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1117/12.486963 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BX58F UT WOS:000185757900016 ER PT S AU Gupta, N AF Gupta, N BE Jensen, JO Theriault, JM TI A no-moving-parts UV/visible hyperspectral imager SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STANDOFF DETECTION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Standoff Detection CY OCT 28-30, 2003 CL Providence, RI SP SPIE DE hyperspectral imager; ultraviolet to visible; acousto-optic tunable filter; AOTF; KDP ID SPECTROPOLARIMETRIC IMAGER AB The US Army Research Laboratory has developed a no-moving-parts, random wavelength access hyperspectral imagers using an electronically tunable acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) as a programmable dispersive element in combination with a camera and appropriate optics covering the wavelength region from the ultraviolet (UV) to the visible (VIS). The imager operates from 220 to 480 nm with a spectral resolution of 160 cm(-1). Such an UV imager can be used for a variety of chem./bio detection applications including monitoring of ozone in the atmosphere as well as in fluorescence microscopy to differentiate between normal and cancerous tissues for medical diagnosis. A novel large aperture AOTF was fabricated for this imager using a large single crystal of potassium dibydrophosphate (KH2PO4) commonly known as KDP. In the hyperspectral imager this AOTF is used with an uncooled enhanced charge couple device camera (CCD). In this paper, we will describe the AOTF cell, the imager, and present results from our imaging experiments. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gupta, N (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Gupta, Neelam/B-8702-2013 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5157-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5268 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1117/12.517248 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BY76U UT WOS:000189458300011 ER PT S AU D'Amico, FM Emge, DK Roelant, G AF D'Amico, FM Emge, DK Roelant, G BE Jensen, JO Theriault, JM TI Outdoor chamber measurements of biological aerosols with a passive FTIR spectrometer SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STANDOFF DETECTION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Standoff Detection CY OCT 28-30, 2003 CL Providence, RI SP SPIE DE FTIR; standoff detection; remote sensing; biological detection; bacillus subtilus AB Outdoor measurements of dry bacillus subtilis (BG) spores were conducted with a passive Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer using two types of chambers. One was a large open-ended cell, and the other was a canyon of similar dimensions. The canyon exposes the aerosol plume to downwelling sky radiance, while the open-ended cell does not. The goal of the experiments was to develop a suitable test methodology for evaluation of passive standoff detectors for open-air aerosol measurements. Dry BG aerosol particles were dispersed with a blower through an opening in the side of the chamber to create a pseudo-stationary plume, wind conditions permitting. Numerous trials were performed with the FTIR spectrometer positioned to view mountain, sky and mixed mountain-sky backgrounds. This paper will discuss the results of the FTIR measurements for BG and Kaolin dust releases. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSSB RRT DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP D'Amico, FM (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSSB RRT DP, 5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5157-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5268 BP 173 EP 183 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BY76U UT WOS:000189458300020 ER PT S AU Vanderbeek, RG Gurton, K AF Vanderbeek, RG Gurton, K BE Jensen, JO Theriault, JM TI Backscatter measurements of aerosolized CB simulants with a frequency agile CO2 lidar SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STANDOFF DETECTION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Standoff Detection CY OCT 28-30, 2003 CL Providence, RI SP SPIE DE lidar; aerosol; backscatter coefficients; standoff detection AB A novel windowless chamber was developed to allow aerosol backscatter measurements with a frequency-agile CO2 lidar. The chamber utilizes curtains of air to contain the cloud, thus preventing the inevitable backscatter off of conventional windows from corrupting the desired measurements. This feature is critical because the CO2 lidar has a long (1 mus) pulse and the backscatter off the window cannot be temporally separated from the backscatter off the aerosol in the chamber. The chamber was designed for testing with a variety of CB simulants and interferents in both vapor and aerosol form and has been successfully shown to contain a cloud of known size, concentration, and particle size distribution for 10-15 minutes. This paper shows the results using Arizona road dust that was screened by the manufacturer into 0-3 mum and 5-10 mum particle size distributions. The measurements clearly show the effect of size distribution on the infrared backscatter coefficients as well as the dynamic nature of the size distribution for a population of aerosols. The test methodology and experimental results are presented. C1 USA, RDECOM, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Vanderbeek, RG (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, 5183 Blackhawk Rd,E5560, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5157-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5268 BP 184 EP 193 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BY76U UT WOS:000189458300021 ER PT S AU D'Amico, FM Emge, DK Marinelli, WJ Gittins, CM Ricks, TP AF D'Amico, FM Emge, DK Marinelli, WJ Gittins, CM Ricks, TP BE Jensen, JO Theriault, JM TI The Airborne Chemical Imaging System (ACIS) SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STANDOFF DETECTION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Standoff Detection CY OCT 28-30, 2003 CL Providence, RI SP SPIE DE standoff detection; infrared; hyperspectral; imaging; chemical detection; reconnaissance AB The Airborne Chemical Imaging System (ACIS) is a research platform used to evaluate passive infrared (IR) standoff detectors for airborne remote sensing of chemical vapors. It consists of a sensor suite mounted in an automated gyro-stabilized optical platform. The sensor pod is currently mounted on a UH-1 helicopter but could also be adapted to other platforms. Two developmental IR imaging sensors are used in the ACIS: a high-speed Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer: the TurboFT, and a high-resolution tunable IR Fabry-Perot spectroradiometer: the AIRIS. The TurboFT is a high-speed (100 Hz) low-resolution (2x8 pixel) system and the AIRIS is a low-speed (similar to0.5 Hz), high-resolution (64x64 pixel) imager. This paper describes the ACIS configuration, general system specifications, operational concerns, and some typical results from recent flight tests. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSSB, RRT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP D'Amico, FM (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSSB, RRT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5157-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5268 BP 194 EP 201 DI 10.1117/12.518574 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BY76U UT WOS:000189458300022 ER PT S AU Ricks, TP Burton, MM Cruger, WE Reynolds, RK AF Ricks, TP Burton, MM Cruger, WE Reynolds, RK BE Jensen, JO Theriault, JM TI Stabilized electro-optical airborne instrumentation platform (SEAIP) SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STANDOFF DETECTION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Standoff Detection CY OCT 28-30, 2003 CL Providence, RI SP SPIE DE airborne sensor; stabilized gimbal; sensor testbed; multi-spectral; stabilization; GPS tracker AB Airborne testing of sensors presents unique challenges to the researcher. Prototype sensors are not typically configured for aircraft mounting, and testing requires comparative (truth) data for accurate sensor performance evaluation. The U.S. Army Redstone Technical Test Center (RTTC) has developed a large Stabilized Electro-optical Airborne Instrumentation Platform (SEAIP) for use with rotary wing aircraft as a sensor test bed. This system is designed to accommodate the rapid integration of multiple sensors into the gimbal, greatly reducing the time required to enter a sensor into testing. The SEAIP has been designed for use with UH-1 or UH-60 aircraft. It provides nominal 35 muradian (RMS) line-of-sight stabilization in two axes. Design has been optimized for support of multiple/large prototype (brassboard) sensors. Payload combinations up to 80 lbs can be accommodated. Gimbal angle ranges are large to permit flexibility for sensor pointing. Target acquisition may be done manually, or with the use of a GPS tracker. Non-visible targets may be engaged, and sensor information may be mapped real-time to digitized maps or photographs of the test area. Two SEAlP systems are currently used at RTTC. Numerous sensors have been successfully integrated and tested, including MMW, LADAR, IR, SAL, multi-spectral, visible, and night vision. C1 USA, Redstone Tech Test Ctr, CSTE, DTC,RT,F,AS, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Ricks, TP (reprint author), USA, Redstone Tech Test Ctr, CSTE, DTC,RT,F,AS, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5157-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5268 BP 202 EP 209 DI 10.1117/12.519168 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BY76U UT WOS:000189458300023 ER PT S AU Banerjee, A Ren, H Jensen, J AF Banerjee, A Ren, H Jensen, J BE Jensen, JO Theriault, JM TI Extended-linear hyperspectral mixing models SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STANDOFF DETECTION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Standoff Detection CY OCT 28-30, 2003 CL Providence, RI SP SPIE ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY AB A mixture model for hyperspectral. data describes the underlying physics of how constituent substances in a scene affect each other to produce radiance received at each detector pixel. In the linear models the total scene is portrayed as a checkerboard mixture of reflecting surfaces containing fractional abundances of the constituent substances. The radiance measured at a detector pixel is modeled proportional to the same abundance of the constituents where interference (interaction) between constituent substances is neglected. In this paper we present a model to account for a multiple reflection process whereby the measured radiation is the result of multiple inelastic interactions (scattering or reflection) among the constituent components in the scene. While this process is inherently non-linear, and we have constructed an equivalent "extended" linear version of the model, which yields the effective abundance of the end members in the scene. This model seamlessly reduces to the conventional linear model when multiple scattering is absent. We present results of preliminary applications of these models with standard unmixing algorithm. The results show that the inclusion of higher order reflections always produces progressively a better description of the abundances and the interactions between the endmembers in the scene. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Banerjee, A (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5157-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5268 BP 288 EP 301 DI 10.1117/12.519857 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BY76U UT WOS:000189458300032 ER PT J AU Graney, DO Woodman, PJ AF Graney, DO Woodman, PJ TI Terminogical desiderata SO CLINICAL ANATOMY LA English DT Letter ID SPHINCTER MUSCLE C1 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Biol Struct, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Graney, DO (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Biol Struct, G514,Box 357420, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0897-3806 J9 CLIN ANAT JI Clin. Anat. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 BP 104 EP 104 DI 10.1002/ca.10132 PG 1 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 628VU UT WOS:000180017900017 PM 12486746 ER PT J AU Leibovitch, I Gillatt, D Hopwood, P Iversen, P Mansel, RE McLeod, D Vela-Navarrete, R Richaud, P See, W Tyrrell, C Wirth, M AF Leibovitch, I Gillatt, D Hopwood, P Iversen, P Mansel, RE McLeod, D Vela-Navarrete, R Richaud, P See, W Tyrrell, C Wirth, M TI Management options for gynaecomastia and breast pain associated with nonsteroidal antiandrogen therapy - Case studies in context SO CLINICAL DRUG INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID ADVANCED PROSTATE-CANCER; BICALUTAMIDE MONOTHERAPY; IMMEDIATE THERAPY; 150 MG; GYNECOMASTIA; TAMOXIFEN; CASTRATION AB Objective: To present management options for gynaecomastia and mastodynia associated with nonsteroidal antiandrogen therapy, supported by relevant data and case studies. Background: Gynaecomastia (male breast enlargement) and breast pain/ sensitivity (mastodynia or mastalgia) are pharmacologically expected adverse effects of nonsteroidal antiandrogen therapy for prostate cancer. They are caused by proliferation of glandular tissue in response to an increase in the ratio of estrogen to androgen. Gynaecomastia and mastodynia are benign conditions, and many patients choose to tolerate them as acceptable, usually mild or moderate, adverse effects of therapy. Recent data show that nonsteroidal antiandrogen monotherapy significantly reduces disease progression in localised and locally advanced prostate cancer, a finding that may result in wider and more long-term use of this treatment. Therefore, both clinicians and patients may benefit from increased awareness of the options available for the management of gynaecomastia and mastodynia. Management options, data and case studies: Management options for gynaecomastia and mastodynia are illustrated in a schematic flow diagram. Options identified are: (1) risk reduction using pretreatment breast irradiation; (2) stopping antiandrogen therapy; (3) acceptance of gynaecomastia and/or mastodynia in the context of the significant clinical benefit of antiandrogen treatment; (4) prompt treatment (liposuction/breast tissue excision, hormonal manipulation or pain control with irradiation or analgesics); and (5) later treatment (liposuction/breast tissue excision, hormonal manipulation or pain control with irradiation or analgesics). Where available, relevant data are discussed and the options are illustrated by case studies. Conclusions: The risk of developing gynaecomastia is lessened by prophylactic breast irradiation. Following the development of gynaecomastia, treatment options include readjustment of the estrogen-to-androgen ratio using antiestrogens, surgery in the form of liposuction or, for more advanced cases, breast tissue excision. Mastodynia may be controlled by post-treatment irradiation or analgesics. C1 Meir Hosp, Dept Urol, Kefar Sava, Israel. Southmead Gen Hosp, Dept Urol, Bristol, Avon, England. Christie Hosp NHS Trust, Manchester, Lancs, England. Univ Copenhagen, Dept Urol, Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Cardiff CF1 3NS, S Glam, Wales. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Fdn Jimenez Diaz, Catedra Urol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Inst Bergonie, Bordeaux, France. Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Derriford Hosp, Oncol Res Unit, Plymouth, Devon, England. Tech Univ Dresden, Dept Urol, Dresden, Germany. RP Leibovitch, I (reprint author), Meir Hosp, Dept Urol, Kefar Sava, Israel. EM Leibovitchi@clalit.org.il NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 1173-2563 J9 CLIN DRUG INVEST JI Clin. Drug Invest. PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3 BP 205 EP 215 DI 10.2165/00044011-200323030-00006 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 659PU UT WOS:000181786600006 PM 23340926 ER PT J AU Fleming, SD Anderson, J Wilson, F Shea-Donohue, T Tsokos, GC AF Fleming, SD Anderson, J Wilson, F Shea-Donohue, T Tsokos, GC TI C5 is required for CD49d expression on neutrophils and VCAM expression on vascular endothelial cells following mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mucosa; cell trafficking; adhesion molecules; complement; rodent ID INTESTINAL ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION; HUMANIZED ANTI-C5 ANTIBODY; COLLAGEN-INDUCED ARTHRITIS; REMOTE ORGAN INJURY; LUNG INJURY; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; COMPLEMENT; INFLAMMATION; INHIBITION; MICE AB Complement activation is critical in the development of local mucosal damage and inflammation as well as of remote organ injury after mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion. To further define the role of C5 activation in local and remote tissue injury, C5 deficient (C5(-/-)) and wild-type control (C5(+/+)) mice treated with an anti-C5 mAb were subjected to sham or ischemia followed by up to 4 h of reperfusion. The development of local (intestinal) and remote (lung) injury was associated with the expression of CD49d on the surface of circulating blood neutrophils and with VCAM on the endothelial cells of intestinal and lung vessels. Because CD49d heterodimerizes with integrin beta1 on the surface of neutrophils and can bind VCAM on the endothelium, we propose that complement activation causes organ damage by upregulating molecules that lead to inappropriate homing of neutrophils. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. WRAMC, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Nutrient Funct & Requirements Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fleming, SD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R0-1 AI42782, AI49316] NR 37 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 106 IS 1 BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.1016/S1521-6616(02)00021-9 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 651FB UT WOS:000181308900010 PM 12584052 ER PT S AU Pellegrino, JM Wood, GL Morton, DC Forsythe, EW Girolamo, H AF Pellegrino, JM Wood, GL Morton, DC Forsythe, EW Girolamo, H BE Hopper, DG TI Flexible dispay technology for the objective force SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cockpit Displays X CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE flexible; organic light emitting devices; polymer; small molecule; reflective; thin film transistors; electrophoretics ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; POLYMERS; DISPLAYS AB The Army has initiated a flexible display research program. This program is part of the Army's strategy to create technologies that will enable revolutionary designs and transformational weapons systems for the Objective Force. The ARL flexible display program is more general than just for the dismounted soldier-it will also have implications for air and vehicular crews, and for the other services, even though it is not a DoD tri-service program per se. "Flexible" is defined in the program as displays that operate under conditions from conformal applications, limited flexing, to rollable displays for compact storage. The Army program will include display manufacturing concepts that enable roll-to-roll processes reduce cost, to tap a strong U.S. domestic industrial strength, and, eventually, to enable fabrication of very large sizes. There is commercial interest in flexible displays for applications ranging from wearable electronics for road-warriors and gamers to large screen 71-in. 1920x1200 color pixel consumer high definition television sets for walls. Industry willingness to cost share will be a key criterion in identifying investment opportunities that are necessary and timely from among all that may be envisioned. Some anticipated military applications and a roadmap are presented that identify the technology barriers at the materials, device and manufacturing levels to the creation of flexible display technology. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Pellegrino, JM (reprint author), Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4939-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5080 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1117/12.500864 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BX69P UT WOS:000186146100001 ER PT S AU Kirsch, JC Jones, BK Johnson, JL AF Kirsch, JC Jones, BK Johnson, JL BE Hopper, DG TI Compact 3D display using dual LCDs SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cockpit Displays X CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE stereoscopic display; LCD; 3D; polarization encoding; flat panel AB Stereo imagery has been a goal in optics research since the invention of the stereoscope in 1834. While the market has been inundated with displays of various types, sizes. and formats, no general purpose, easy to use, inexpensive method for the display of imagery in stereo has been developed. The benefits of stereo vision are numerous and quickly become apparent when attempting to perform simple tasks without the aid of stereo cues. Numerous approaches to the display of stereo imagery have been demonstrated. Stereoscopic displays typically require the user to wear special headgear. Autostereoscopic displays, so named because they do not require the headgear, typically have tight limitations on the position of the viewer's head. The research proposed here will investigate the application of two readily available, inexpensive liquid crystal panels sandwiched together to form a compact, rugged stereoscopic display. The appropriate drive signals are provided to the two stacked panels, which encode in polarization, the left and right images. Standard polarized 3D glasses can then be used to view the image in stereo. The proposed display will provide stereo pairs without loss of resolution or frame rate and without strict limitations on the placement of the viewer's head. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM, RD,WS,PL, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Kirsch, JC (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM, RD,WS,PL, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4939-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5080 BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.1117/12.484799 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BX69P UT WOS:000186146100015 ER PT J AU Collins, J AF Collins, J TI Nonparametric functional estimation by asymptotic regression SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-THEORY AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE nonparametric functional estimation; stochastic processes ID PENALIZED LIKELIHOOD; DENSITY AB Nonparametric density estimates are obtained by the method of asymptotic regression (AR) on empirical stochastic processes. Rates of convergence for the density estimator are obtained in various norms. The methodology is applied to density estimation in two inverse problems: deconvolution and Wicksell's corpuscle problem. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0361-0926 J9 COMMUN STAT-THEOR M JI Commun. Stat.-Theory Methods PY 2003 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1169 EP 1195 DI 10.1081/STA-120021326 PG 27 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 685ZL UT WOS:000183295000006 ER PT J AU Nwosu, SN Hui, D Dutta, PK AF Nwosu, SN Hui, D Dutta, PK TI Dynamic mode II delamination fracture of unidirectional graphite/epoxy composites SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE dynamic delamination; dynamic fracture mode; energy absorbed; energy release rate; split Hopkinson pressure bar ID HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR; INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE; PROPAGATION; TOUGHNESS; RATES AB Dynamic fracture and delamination of unidirectional graphite/epoxy composites are investigated for end-notched flexure (ENF) and center-notched flexure (CNF) pure mode H loading configurations using a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar. Results show that delamination and energy absorbed in fracture increase with impact energy with CNF > ENF. A power law analytical model reasonably describes the variation of energy release rate with delamination and energy absorbed. A crack embedded deeper in a specimen (as in CNF) contributes more to dynamic fragmentation than cracks at the surface or near the edge (as in ENF). Hackle features on mode II fracture surfaces decrease with impact energy. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Mech Engn, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Nwosu, SN (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 3 BP 303 EP 316 AR PII S1359-8368(02)00039-2 DI 10.1016/S1359-8368(02)00039-2 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 662MW UT WOS:000181952100008 ER PT S AU Gunapala, SD Bandara, SV Liu, JK Rafol, SB Jhabvala, M Choi, KK AF Gunapala, SD Bandara, SV Liu, JK Rafol, SB Jhabvala, M Choi, KK BE Ilegems, M Weimann, G Wagner, J TI Demonstration of 640x512 pixel four-band quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal plane array SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 2002 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Symposium on Compound Semicoductors CY OCT 07-10, 2002 CL Lausanne, SWITZERLAND AB We have demonstrated the first monolithic spatially separated four-band 640x512 pixel QWIP focal plane array. The four spectral bands cover 4-5 mum, 8.5-10 mum, 10-12 mum, and 13-15.5 mum spectral regions with 640x128 pixels in each band. In this paper, we discuss the development of this very sensitive four-band focal plane array based on a GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs/InyGa1-yAs QWlPs and its performance in quantum efficiency, noise equivalent differential temperature, uniformity, and operability. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gunapala, SD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM sarath.d.gunapala@jpl.nasa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0942-3 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2003 VL 174 BP 393 EP 396 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BAN50 UT WOS:000222970500087 ER PT B AU Akers, SA Windham, JE AF Akers, SA Windham, JE BE Bathe, KJ TI Structure-medium interaction simulations SO COMPUTATIONAL FLUID AND SOLID MECHANICS 2003, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd MIT Conference on Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics CY JUN 17-20, 2003 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP GM, HP, Compaq, Daimler Chrysler, Hyundai, Ford, MSC Software, Sgi, ESI Grp, Boeing, CINI, Texas Instruments, Fluent Inc, CFX, CFD Soc Canada, SIAM, Michelin, IACMAG, Adinan, Mecalog, Star CD, ALCAN, ANSYS Inc HO MIT DE structure-medium interaction; ground shock; constitutive model; blast; simulation AB Providing test-validated design/construction criteria for hardened structures is one of the primary research tasks of the Survivability and Protective Structures program being executed under the Tri-Service Reliance Civil Engineering Science and Technology Plan. A major objective of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency is to develop and demonstrate physically rational computational techniques for predicting explosive-induced environments, structural loads, and damage due to detonations of buried conventional weapons. The overall approach involves four steps: (1) conducting experiments to measure ground shock and structure loads, motions, and damage; (2) conducting mechanical property tests on the material constituents; (3) developing first-principle numerical codes and mathematical soil/concrete/steel constitutive models; and (4) conducting comparative analyses of measurements and numerical simulations to verify adequacy and establish confidence levels. The program's major goal is to understand and define the cause-and-effect relations between the mechanical properties of the soil, concrete, and steel constituents (as represented by the constitutive models) and the calculated and measured results. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Akers, SA (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044046-0 PY 2003 BP 47 EP 49 PG 3 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BX31V UT WOS:000184938200010 ER PT B AU Danielson, KT Akers, SA Adley, MD AF Danielson, KT Akers, SA Adley, MD BE Bathe, KJ TI Parallel computation methods for large-scale nonlinear CSM SO COMPUTATIONAL FLUID AND SOLID MECHANICS 2003, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd MIT Conference on Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics CY JUN 17-20, 2003 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP GM, HP, Compaq, Daimler Chrysler, Hyundai, Ford, MSC Software, Sgi, ESI Grp, Boeing, CINI, Texas Instruments, Fluent Inc, CFX, CFD Soc Canada, SIAM, Michelin, IACMAG, Adinan, Mecalog, Star CD, ALCAN, ANSYS Inc HO MIT DE parallel processing; nonlinear finite elements; constitutive modeling; weighted partitioning AB The analysis of structures undergoing complex inelastic responses to loads, such as those resulting from explosive detonations or high-speed impact, are challenging mechanics problems, which can typically require significant computational resources. The analyses presented here involve large models (up to several million elements) and different types of material models with varying levels of complexity and computational expense. The parallel computational strategy is first described, including an overlapping computation/message passing algorithm and a material-weighting mesh partitioning scheme. These procedures were implemented into a parallel finite element code, ParaAble, developed by the authors and then used for several large-scale applications. Analyses were performed on as many as 1024 processors of Cray T3E, Compaq AlphaServer, IBM SP, and SGI Origin platforms, which showed excellent speedups. The performance demonstrates the ability to efficiently perform such large complex analyses by the use of parallel computing. The analyses also show that for certain multiple material analyses, the material-weighting scheme can greatly reduce parallel load imbalances. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Network Comp Serv Inc, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Danielson, KT (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Network Comp Serv Inc, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044046-0 PY 2003 BP 217 EP 220 PG 4 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BX31V UT WOS:000184938200051 ER PT B AU Hall, RL Baylot, JT AF Hall, RL Baylot, JT BE Bathe, KJ TI Overview of computational structural mechanics in the Department of Defense SO COMPUTATIONAL FLUID AND SOLID MECHANICS 2003, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd MIT Conference on Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics CY JUN 17-20, 2003 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP GM, HP, Compaq, Daimler Chrysler, Hyundai, Ford, MSC Software, Sgi, ESI Grp, Boeing, CINI, Texas Instruments, Fluent Inc, CFX, CFD Soc Canada, SIAM, Michelin, IACMAG, Adinan, Mecalog, Star CD, ALCAN, ANSYS Inc HO MIT DE computational structural mechanics; computational fluid dynamics; finite element analysis; finite volume analysis; discrete particle methods; coupled codes; high performance computing AB Computational Structural Mechanics (CSM) is extremely important to the Department of Defense (DoD). Different classes of problems are addressed by each of the armed services and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). This paper gives an overview of some of the types of problems that face the DoD (focused primarily on the Army) and the codes that are used to meet these challenges. More details on how these codes are used are presented in subsequent papers in this session. C1 USA, ERDC, Geotech & Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Baylot, JT (reprint author), USA, ERDC, Geotech & Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044046-0 PY 2003 BP 313 EP 315 PG 3 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BX31V UT WOS:000184938200075 ER PT B AU Kanapady, R Sandhu, SS Tamma, KK AF Kanapady, R Sandhu, SS Tamma, KK BE Bathe, KJ TI A primal-dual constraint and order preserving technique for flexible multibody dynamical index-3 systems SO COMPUTATIONAL FLUID AND SOLID MECHANICS 2003, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd MIT Conference on Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics CY JUN 17-20, 2003 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP GM, HP, Compaq, Daimler Chrysler, Hyundai, Ford, MSC Software, Sgi, ESI Grp, Boeing, CINI, Texas Instruments, Fluent Inc, CFX, CFD Soc Canada, SIAM, Michelin, IACMAG, Adinan, Mecalog, Star CD, ALCAN, ANSYS Inc HO MIT DE flexible multibody dynamics; differential-algebraic equations; DAE; index-3 systems; constrained systems; index reduction; order reduction; order preserving; constraint stabilization; primal-dual technique ID DIFFERENTIAL-ALGEBRAIC SYSTEMS; RUNGE-KUTTA METHODS; TIME INTEGRATION; FORMULATIONS; EQUATIONS AB In this paper a novel primal-dual technique is proposed to overcome many computational challenging issues, namely, constraint preservation, preserving order of accuracy of time integration operators and faster convergence rates of nonlinear iterations for the solution of flexible multibody dynamical differential-algebraic equations index-3 systems. In addition, the proposed technique preserves the underlying properties of time integration operators for ordinary differential equations and totally eliminates the need for index reduction, constraint stabilization and regularization techniques. The claims of the proposed technique are illustrated via numerical examples by employing energy-momentum preserving method and stiff integrators such as dissipative methods that are part of a unified family of generalized integration operators encompassing LMS methods. C1 USA, Dept Mech Engn, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP USA, Dept Mech Engn, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, 111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM ramdev@me.unm.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044046-0 PY 2003 BP 364 EP 369 PG 6 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BX31V UT WOS:000184938200087 ER PT B AU O'Daniel, JL AF O'Daniel, JL BE Bathe, KJ TI Modeling contact detonations with ALE3D and PARADYN SO COMPUTATIONAL FLUID AND SOLID MECHANICS 2003, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd MIT Conference on Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics CY JUN 17-20, 2003 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP GM, HP, Compaq, Daimler Chrysler, Hyundai, Ford, MSC Software, Sgi, ESI Grp, Boeing, CINI, Texas Instruments, Fluent Inc, CFX, CFD Soc Canada, SIAM, Michelin, IACMAG, Adinan, Mecalog, Star CD, ALCAN, ANSYS Inc HO MIT DE contact detonation; finite element; cratering; arbitrary Lagrange/Eulerian; validation; concrete AB Modeling contact detonations on concrete structures has historically been difficult due to the extremely high pressures at the explosive-concrete interface and large deformations and failure mechanics involved in the structural response. Several severe responses are possible including, cracking, crater formation, and breaching. Previously used models resulted in mesh distortions and inadequate representations of the blast loading that lowered the accuracy of the simulation results. Neither Eulerian nor Lagrangian formulations can independently provide adequate solutions. Eulerian models cannot accurately represent the solid material response and have difficulty simulating the material interfaces. Lagrangian methods cannot accurately model the excessive deformations of the detonation, the flow of the detonation products, or the complex interaction between the detonation and the concrete due to the mesh being fixed to the material. Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) methods seek to combine the best of Lagrangian and Eulerian methods to provide a more accurate solution by allowing a controlled amount of mesh movement, alleviating mesh distortions, while still following the flow of the detonation. ALE methods allow movement of a structure to better track the pressures on the concrete as it deforms. PARADYN was used to calculate the concrete damage since the material model computes the local nonlinear material behavior, providing more accurate results. Of interest in these scenarios is the prediction of damage to concrete caused by contact detonations. Correctly predicting the damage to a structure caused by a detonation enables a better assessment of the resources needed to attack that structure. Accurately predicting this damage also allows us to better protect our own resources by designing structures to withstand specific amounts of explosive. Scenarios under consideration in this study include in-air and underwater explosive events. Blast simulations were performed with ALE3D, which generated pressure time histories for the surface of the concrete. The structural response of the concrete was calculated with PARADYN, and the ALE3D time histories were applied as pressure boundary conditions. Of primary interest was the size of the crater produced, the possibility of complete penetration through a concrete slab, and the extent of damage caused. Test data are compared to the simulation results in order to validate the process of using ALE3D and PARADYN to analyze the contact detonation problem. A validated ALE3D-PARADYN process could then be used for predicting other contact detonation scenarios. C1 USA, Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Geotech & Struct Lab, Struct Mech Branch, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP O'Daniel, JL (reprint author), USA, Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Geotech & Struct Lab, Struct Mech Branch, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044046-0 PY 2003 BP 537 EP 539 PG 3 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BX31V UT WOS:000184938200129 ER PT B AU Papados, PP AF Papados, PP BE Bathe, KJ TI Simulation of projectile impact on the composite armored vehicle SO COMPUTATIONAL FLUID AND SOLID MECHANICS 2003, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd MIT Conference on Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics CY JUN 17-20, 2003 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP GM, HP, Compaq, Daimler Chrysler, Hyundai, Ford, MSC Software, Sgi, ESI Grp, Boeing, CINI, Texas Instruments, Fluent Inc, CFX, CFD Soc Canada, SIAM, Michelin, IACMAG, Adinan, Mecalog, Star CD, ALCAN, ANSYS Inc HO MIT DE composite structure; FEA; constitutive modeling; explicit computations AB Modem armored vehicles are equipped with a variety of sensitive electronic components. Potential failure of these sensitive electronic components is due to the high frequency shock wave transmitted through the structure due to impact loads. Failure or malfunction of electronic equipment can severely damage the combat capability of armored vehicles, even though the crew survives and the vehicle may retain its structural integrity after the impact. Impact loads from projectile penetration and impact are considered in this study in an effort to numerically replicate experimental data. C1 USACE, Erdc, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Papados, PP (reprint author), USACE, Erdc, 7701 Telegraph Rd, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044046-0 PY 2003 BP 544 EP 547 PG 4 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BX31V UT WOS:000184938200131 ER PT B AU Teeter, AM Best, EP AF Teeter, AM Best, EP BE Bathe, KJ TI Modeling wind-wave resuspension in a shallow reservoir: Peoria Lake, IL SO COMPUTATIONAL FLUID AND SOLID MECHANICS 2003, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd MIT Conference on Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics CY JUN 17-20, 2003 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP GM, HP, Compaq, Daimler Chrysler, Hyundai, Ford, MSC Software, Sgi, ESI Grp, Boeing, CINI, Texas Instruments, Fluent Inc, CFX, CFD Soc Canada, SIAM, Michelin, IACMAG, Adinan, Mecalog, Star CD, ALCAN, ANSYS Inc HO MIT DE sediment model; resuspension modeling; wind-wave resuspension; reservoir turbidity; underwater light prediction; Peoria Lake AB Hydrodynamic and sediment transport models were developed to predict wind-wave resuspension and depth-averaged suspended sediment concentrations for a 24-river-mile-long reservoir to provide information to an aquatic plant growth model. The sediment transport model was modified to include optional shear stress, erosion, and deposition process algorithms. The model was validated against seasonal time-series of suspended sediment concentration and used to make six-month simulations of suspended sediment concentration for certain observed or proposed geometric configurations. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Teeter, AM (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044046-0 PY 2003 BP 1535 EP 1539 PG 5 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BX31V UT WOS:000184938200372 ER PT S AU Wang, P Linker, L Cerco, C Shenk, G Batiuk, R AF Wang, P Linker, L Cerco, C Shenk, G Batiuk, R BE Sloot, PMA Abramson, D Bogdanov, AV Dongarra, JJ Zomaya, AY Gorbachev, YE TI Recast of the outputs of a deterministic model to get a better estimate of water quality for decision makings SO COMPUTATIONAL SICENCE - ICCS 2003, PT III, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2003) CY JUN 02-04, 2003 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Amsterdam, Hewlett Packard, Springer Verlag, Netherlands Inst St Petersburg, Russian Federat, Minist Ind, Sci & Technol, Govt St Petersburg, Comm Sci & High Educ, St Petersburg State Tech Univ, Inst High Performance Comp & Informat Syst, IBM Australia, Microsoft, Cray Inc, Dolphin Interconnect, Microway, Etnus, ceanet, NAG, Pallas GmbH ID CHESAPEAKE BAY AB The outputs of a deterministic water quality model are retreated to recast the model simulation. A multi-variance regression method is used for daily model outputs versus observed data to assess the systematic errors in model simulation of individual model cell. The model outputs are re-adjusted to better represent the actual values, and to yield a better model calibration. Such a recast is important to model application for water quality analysis, especially for TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load) which requires accurate simulation to exam criteria attainment. This paper addresses the recast method, its prerequisites, and how the results are extended for the scenarios with various load reductions. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, CBPO, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. USA, Corp Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Bay Program, 410 Severn Ave, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40196-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2659 BP 80 EP 89 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BX28L UT WOS:000184831900009 ER PT S AU Tracy, F AF Tracy, F BE Sloot, PMA Abramson, D Bogdanov, AV Dongarra, JJ Zomaya, AY Gorbachev, YE TI Application of the Multi-Level Parallelism (MLP) software to a finite element groundwater program using iterative solvers with comparison to MPI SO COMPUTATIONAL SICENCE - ICCS 2003, PT III, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2003) CY JUN 02-04, 2003 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Amsterdam, Hewlett Packard, Springer Verlag, Netherlands Inst St Petersburg, Russian Federat, Minist Ind, Sci & Technol, Govt St Petersburg, Comm Sci & High Educ, St Petersburg State Tech Univ, Inst High Performance Comp & Informat Syst, IBM Australia, Microsoft, Cray Inc, Dolphin Interconnect, Microway, Etnus, ceanet, NAG, Pallas GmbH AB The purpose of this paper is to give the results of the performance evaluation of the Multi-Level Parallelism (MLP) software versus MPI using the groundwater program FEMWATER on a remediation of a military site where iterative solvers are employed to solve the system of nonlinear equations. A one-to-one correspondence in functionality between MPI and MLP was maintained for all parallel operations so the performance comparisons would be consistent. An unstructured mesh application is one of the most difficult parallel applications, so this represents a good test. In this study, MLP did better in general on 64 PEs or less, but MPI proved more scalable as it did as good or better when using 128 PEs. C1 Major Shared Resource Ctr, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Informat Technol Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Tracy, F (reprint author), Major Shared Resource Ctr, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Informat Technol Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40196-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2659 BP 725 EP 735 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BX28L UT WOS:000184831900071 ER PT J AU Hughes, J Cole, J AF Hughes, J Cole, J TI Security in storage SO COMPUTER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Res Lab, Informat Assurance Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD JAN PY 2003 VL 36 IS 1 BP 124 EP 125 DI 10.1109/MC.2003.1160064 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 635MZ UT WOS:000180404500023 ER PT J AU Litvin, FL Fuentes, A Gonzalez-Perez, I Carvenali, L Kawasaki, K Handschuh, RF AF Litvin, FL Fuentes, A Gonzalez-Perez, I Carvenali, L Kawasaki, K Handschuh, RF TI Modified involute helical gears: computerized design, simulation of meshing and stress analysis SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; SURFACE AB The contents of the paper cover: (i) computerized design, (ii) methods for generation, (iii) simulation of meshing,. and (iv) enhanced stress analysis of modified involute helical gears. The approaches proposed for modification of conventional involute helical gears are based on conjugation of double-crowned pinion with a conventional helical involute gear. Double-crowning of the pinion means deviation of cross-profile from an involute one and deviation in longitudinal direction from a helicoid surface. The pinion-gear tooth surfaces are in point contact, the bearing contact is localized and oriented longitudinally, edge contact is avoided, the influence of errors of alignment on the shift of bearing contact and vibration and noise are reduced substantially. The developed theory is illustrated with numerical examples that confirm the advantages of the gear drives of the modified geometry in comparison with conventional helical involute gears. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Polytech Univ Cartagena, Dept Mech Engn, Cartagena 30202, Spain. USA, Res Lab, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Univ Illinois, Gear Res Ctr, Dept Engn Mech, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Fuentes, A (reprint author), Polytech Univ Cartagena, Dept Mech Engn, Campus Univ Muralla Mar,C Doctor Fleming,S-N, Cartagena 30202, Spain. RI Fuentes Aznar, Alfonso/A-4259-2015; OI Fuentes Aznar, Alfonso/0000-0001-7882-4999; Gonzalez-Perez, Ignacio/0000-0003-2528-1841 NR 17 TC 56 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2003 VL 192 IS 33-34 BP 3619 EP 3655 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(03)00367-0 PG 37 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 713GR UT WOS:000184849600003 ER PT S AU Hawkins, CE Silverstein, SD AF Hawkins, CE Silverstein, SD BE Matthews, MB TI Compact range ISAR emulations of moving SAR targets: Theory and experiment SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-SEVENTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 09-12, 2003 CL Pacific Grove, CA DE compact range; moving target; range bin migration AB This paper discusses emulating moving targets on compact radar ranges. We show that 1/16(th)-scale ranges used today are limited to emulating target speeds of 4 m/s, and can not produce data with the range bin migration effects that occur when targets are traveling at realistic speeds. We propose a 1/64th scale system capable of emulating higher target speeds. C1 USA, NGIC, Charlottesville, VA 22911 USA. RP Hawkins, CE (reprint author), USA, NGIC, Charlottesville, VA 22911 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-8104-1 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2003 BP 1630 EP 1634 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BY93K UT WOS:000189498700306 ER PT J AU Wu, JJ Skelton-Groth, K Boggess, WG Adams, RM AF Wu, JJ Skelton-Groth, K Boggess, WG Adams, RM TI Pacific salmon restoration: Trade-offs between economic efficiency and political acceptance SO CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Western-Economic-Association CY JUL, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Western Econ Assoc ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; OREGON; TEMPERATURE; MANAGEMENT; FISHERY; HABITAT; RIVER; BASIN AB There is no simple solution to the problems of salmon restoration given substantial political and scientific uncertainties. There are, however, some local findings in Oregon that can provide guidance to resource managers charged with allocating funds for conservation purposes. This article shows that in most salmon habitat investments, there are likely to be strong nonlinearities (cumulative and threshold effects) that mitigate against politically palatable allocation criteria., In fact, this research indicates that decisions based on political equity concerns may actually lead to the lowest possible benefits to society. These scientific nonlinearities may make the political resolution of salmon recovery more difficult. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Norfolk, VA 23510 USA. RP Wu, JJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ballard 200A, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Wu, Junjie/C-4885-2013 NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU WESTERN ECONOMIC ASSOC INT PI HUNTINGTON BEACH PA 7400 CENTER AVE SUITE 109, HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA 92647-3039 USA SN 1074-3529 J9 CONTEMP ECON POLICY JI Contemp. Econ. Policy PD JAN PY 2003 VL 21 IS 1 BP 78 EP 89 DI 10.1093/cep/21.1.78 PG 12 WC Economics; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 631XG UT WOS:000180192700006 ER PT J AU Morrison, WE Haas, EC Shaffner, DH Garrett, ES Fackler, JC AF Morrison, WE Haas, EC Shaffner, DH Garrett, ES Fackler, JC TI Noise, stress, and annoyance in a pediatric intensive care unit SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE noise; stress; heart rate; saliva; catecholamines; nursing ID PLASMA-CATECHOLAMINES; RESPONSES; EXPOSURE; WORKERS; CORTISOL; CAFFEINE; ENVIRONMENT; DISTRESS; PATIENT; NURSES AB Objective. To measure and describe hospital noise and determine whether noise can be correlated with nursing stress measured by questionnaire, salivary amylase, and heart rate. Design: Cohort observational study. Setting: Tertiary care center pediatric intensive care unit. Subjects: Registered nurses working in the unit. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Eleven nurse volunteers were recruited. An audiogram, questionnaire data, salivary amylase, and heart rate were collected in a quiet room. Each nurse was observed for a 3-hr period during patient care. Heart rate and sound level were recorded continuously; saliva samples and stress/annoyance ratings were collected every 30 mins. Variables assessed as potential confounders were years of nursing experience, caffeine intake, patients' Pediatric Risk of Mortality Score, shift assignment, and room assignment. Data were analyzed by random effects multiple linear regression using Stata 6.0. The average daytime sound level was 61 dB(A), nighttime 59 dB(A). Higher average sound levels significantly predicted higher heart rates (p = .014). Other significant predictors of tachycardia were higher caffeine intake, less nursing experience, and daytime shift. Ninety percent of the variability in heart rate was explained by the regression equation. Amylase measurements showed a large variability and were not significantly affected by noise levels. Higher average sound levels were also predictive of greater subjective stress (p = .021) and annoyance (p = .016). Conclusions: In this small study, noise was shown to correlate with several. measures of stress including tachycardia and annoyance ratings. Further studies of interventions to reduce noise are essential. C1 Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Div Pediat Anesthesia & Crit Care, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USA, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Div Pediat Anesthesia & Crit Care, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00052] NR 57 TC 93 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0090-3493 EI 1530-0293 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 113 EP 119 DI 10.1097/01.CCM.0000037164.66392.AF PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 640XU UT WOS:000180714800018 PM 12545003 ER PT J AU Jahrling, PB AF Jahrling, PB TI Commentary on Dr. Alan Zelicoff's analysis of the Aralsk Outbreak (no. 4) SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Jahrling, PB (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1040-841X J9 CRIT REV MICROBIOL JI Crit. Rev. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 2 BP 171 EP 172 DI 10.1080/713610425 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 700VW UT WOS:000184132700010 PM 12901683 ER PT J AU Yingst, S Hoover, DL AF Yingst, S Hoover, DL TI T cell immunity to brucellosis SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR BACTERIA; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; BACILLUS-CALMETTE-GUERIN; L7/L12 RIBOSOMAL-PROTEIN; CLASS-II MOLECULES; BALB/C MICE; IFN-GAMMA; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES AB Brucellosis is an ancient disease of animals and man that still threatens the health and prosperity of many, primarily in the third world, who depend on animal agriculture for their livelihood. Further, its pathogenicity and the facts that it is zoonotic is effectively eradicated from many Western nations make it a dangerous bioterrorism threat. Targeted human vaccination may reduce the various threats brucellosis poses. Significant effort has been expended toward this goal and many candidate vaccines exist. However, the ideal vaccine would be a subunit vaccine that specifically targets only the critical aspects of the immune response necessary to induce immunity. Much about the immune response, in particular the T cell response, remains to be discovered in order to accomplish that goal. In this review we focus on T cell responses to brucellosis with particular attention to the specific roles of T cell subtypes. We also point out areas of research on T cell responses that may allow exploitation of cutting edge vaccine technologies for the next generation vaccine for brucellosis. C1 Virol Res Program, Cairo, Egypt. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brucella Vaccine Dev Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Yingst, S (reprint author), Virol Res Program, NAMRU 3, Cairo, Egypt. EM yingsts@namru3.org NR 156 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-841X J9 CRIT REV MICROBIOL JI Crit. Rev. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 4 BP 313 EP 331 DI 10.1080/10408410390243939 PG 19 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 746PK UT WOS:000186754600003 PM 14636042 ER PT J AU Larson, SR Palazzo, AJ Jensen, KB AF Larson, SR Palazzo, AJ Jensen, KB TI Identification of western wheatgrass cultivars and accessions by DNA fingerprinting and geographic provenance SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRAITS; WILD; AFLP AB Western wheatgrass [Pascopryum smithii (Rydb.) Love (= Agropyon smithii Rydb)] is an allogamous North American range grass cultivated for seed production, hay, low-maintenance turf, and soil stabilization. The USDA maintains western wheatgrass cultivars, synthetic multiple-origin germplasms, and source-identified single-origin accessions in the National Plant Germplasm System. The objective of this study was to test similarity of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genotypes among individual plants classified by accession and geographic provenance, and compare rates of DNA variation between single-origin and multiple-origin germplasm. Individual plants from 36 of 39 source-identified single-origin germplasm sources group strictly by accession, on the basis of the average proportion of shared DNA fragments between individual genotypes. Conversely, individual plant genotypes from three of the four synthetic multiple-origin accessions did not cluster by accession and displayed higher rates of DNA variation than did single-origin accessions. Although different accessions of the same cultivar generally group together, off-types were detected in six of the nine cultivar accessions. Pairwise comparisons of interpopulation genetic distances (phi(st)) among 39 single-origin accessions were correlated with geographical distances among the original collecting sites (r = 0.66). Genotypes representing these accessions form three natural groups on the basis of phi(st) that correspond to three geographic regions of the USA: northern Great Plains, northern Rocky Mountains, and southern Rocky Mountains. Therefore, georaphically significant sources of DNA variation were detected and maintained within and among these ex situ germplasm sources. These results document genetic identity and diversity in the USDA western wheatgrass germplasm collection and support the premise that geographic provenance contributes to germplasm integrity. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDOD, ACE, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Larson, SR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 43 IS 1 BP 394 EP 401 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 653HZ UT WOS:000181430300050 ER PT J AU Bergmann-Leitner, ES Duncan, EH Leitner, WW AF Bergmann-Leitner, ES Duncan, EH Leitner, WW TI Identification and targeting of tumor escape mechanisms: A new hope for cancer therapy? SO CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN LA English DT Review DE tumor escape; radio-resistance; drug-resistance; immunotherapy ID DNA MISMATCH REPAIR; CARCINOMA CELL-LINES; CLASS-I ANTIGENS; ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; REACTIVE T-CELLS; MHC CLASS-I; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE; OVARIAN-CANCER; FAS LIGAND AB Conventional cancer therapy is administered in the form of surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Immunotherapy is the latest asset to the panel of anti-cancer treatments. This approach appears favorable over the other more conventional methods for various reasons: (1) it is highly specific for cancer cells and, therefore, low toxicity should be expected; (2) it recognizes and eliminates cancer cells regardless of their phase in the cell cycle; (3) tumors that developed drug resistances would still be a suitable target for immunotherapy. (4) Immunotherapy offers the possibility of preventive immunization of high-risk patients. Due to the diverse mechanisms that result in the transformation of cells and subsequent tumor development, not all cancers respond similarly to treatment. Significant effort is currently invested in the characterization of the underlying regulatory network in individual cancers responsible for tumorigenesis. Understanding tumors better allows on one hand the identification of essential pathways that can be intercepted to kill the transformed cells more specifically. On the other hand, these insights also allow LIS to exclude therapeutic strategies with little chance of success when dealing with tumor escape mutants thus saving valuable time and resources. Any tumor therapy puts selective pressure on tumors thus favoring the outgrowth of therapy-resistant variants. This review summarizes current knowledge on tumor escape mechanisms and some of the efforts to overcome these mechanisms. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NCI, Surg Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Bergmann-Leitner, ES (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/B-3548-2011; Leitner, Wolfgang/F-5741-2011 OI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/0000-0002-8571-8956; Leitner, Wolfgang/0000-0003-3125-5922 NR 189 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI HILVERSUM PA PO BOX 1673, 1200 BR HILVERSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-6128 J9 CURR PHARM DESIGN JI Curr. Pharm. Design PY 2003 VL 9 IS 25 BP 2009 EP 2023 DI 10.2174/1381612033454199 PG 15 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 721CV UT WOS:000185300200002 PM 14529412 ER PT J AU Bergmann-Leitner, E AF Bergmann-Leitner, E TI Anti-cancer drugs - Preface SO CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bergmann-Leitner, E (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/B-3548-2011 OI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/0000-0002-8571-8956 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI HILVERSUM PA PO BOX 1673, 1200 BR HILVERSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-6128 J9 CURR PHARM DESIGN JI Curr. Pharm. Design PY 2003 VL 9 IS 25 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 721CV UT WOS:000185300200001 ER PT J AU Elston, DM Czarnik, K Brockett, R Keeling, JH AF Elston, DM Czarnik, K Brockett, R Keeling, JH TI What's eating you? Strongyloides stercoralis SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID ALBENDAZOLE; IVERMECTIN; INFECTION; TRIAL C1 Geisinger Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Danville, PA 17822 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), Geisinger Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 100 N Acad Ave, Danville, PA 17822 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JAN PY 2003 VL 71 IS 1 BP 22 EP 24 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 635NX UT WOS:000180406600003 PM 12553626 ER PT B AU Shoop, S Affleck, R Janoo, V Haehnel, R AF Shoop, S Affleck, R Janoo, V Haehnel, R BE DiBenedetto, H Doanh, T Geoffroy, H Sauzeat, C TI Modelling deformation of thawing soil under vehicle loading SO DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF GEOMATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials CY SEP, 2003 CL LYON, FRANCE AB A material model for soft soil was generated to simulate the deformation behavior of thawing soil under vehicle loading on paved and unpaved roads. Freeze-thaw action produces a loose, wet soil that undergoes large deformation when subjected to vehicle loads. The soil modeled is a frost-susceptible fine sand, which was used in full-scale tests of paved and unpaved road sections in CRREUs Frost Effects Research Facility (FERF). The soil was subjected to a full suite of saturated and unsaturated triaxial testing, using density, moisture and loading conditions duplicating those experienced during the freeze-thaw testing in the FERF. A capped Drucker-Prager plasticity model was used to simulate the thawed soil using the commercial finite element code, ABAQUS. The material model was validated and fine-tuned using triaxial test data. The material model was then implemented in a dynamic, three-dimensional finite element simulation of an unpaved secondary road subjected to local vehicle traffic, and a conventional pavement section subjected to loading by a Heavy Vehicle Wheeled Simulator. The vehicle load is simulated using a rolling wheel. The simulations produce realistic results based on observations. These simulations will be numerically validated using data from the instrumented test sections and vehicle measurements from freeze-thaw experiments in the FERF. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Shoop, S (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-604-1 PY 2003 BP 931 EP 938 PG 8 WC Engineering, Geological; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BX76A UT WOS:000186344600117 ER PT S AU Sullivan, A Ranney, K AF Sullivan, A Ranney, K BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Scattering characteristics of metal and plastic mines at 16 GHz SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VIII CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ultra-wideband radar; mine detection; method of moments; backscatter; radar cross section ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; TRANSIENT-RESPONSE; EXTRACTING POLES; IMAGE THEORY; HALF-SPACE; REVOLUTION; BODIES; RADIATION; SURFACES AB Single-polarity, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data collected in spotlight mode is examined as part of an effort to identify surface land mines in high-frequency radar imagery. A measurements pro-ram was recently conducted using a Ku-band (16 GHz) radar. In this experiment, metal and plastic mines were placed on smooth dirt lanes and in tall and short grass areas adjacent to these lanes. The collected data set consisted of magnitude-only data for several different passes over a common target area that included various reference reflectors as well as the landmines. The metal and plastic mines on the dirt lanes were clearly visible in the processed radar imagery, while the mines in the grass areas were not observable - even after applying multi-look averaging. (Multi-look averaging exploits the circular symmetry of the mines to enhance the contrast between the mines and the background clutter.) To investigate these effects, we used rigorous moment method-based electromagnetic solvers to compute the backscatter from the metal and plastic mines in a variety of backgrounds. The model results were shown to be consistent with the measurement data for metal mines on the dirt lanes. The plastic mines were not consistent with the data, however. We believe that the difference is due to uncertainty in the mine dielectric constant. The model results also showed that a significant focusing effect (or "glory wave") could be seen in the plastic mines at low depression angles. Finally, the model demonstrated the highly wave absorptive nature of the grass, as shown by the significantly reduced radar cross section of mines placed in a three-layer grass model. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sullivan, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4949-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5089 BP 191 EP 202 DI 10.1117/12.487118 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX69J UT WOS:000186143400019 ER PT S AU Fenneman, D Slick, C Velea, D AF Fenneman, D Slick, C Velea, D BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Comparison of measured vs. predicted buried mine resonant behavior SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VIII CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Landmine detection; acoustics; laser Doppler vibrometer; acoustic-to-seismic coupling ID LAND MINES AB The resonant behavior of landmines has been exploited by an acoustic detection technique to find buried mines. The resonance of the buried mine is induced by broadcasting an acoustic wave, which couples into the ground. The resonating mine causes the soil above it to vibrate and this vibration is measured with either a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) or a geophone. A set of resonance frequencies, which can be attributed to the design, material, and dimensions of the mine, is exhibited when the mine, sitting on a rigid surface above the ground, is excited by an acoustic wave. These resonance frequencies shift when the mine is buried. Acoustic models have been developed to predict these burial effects on mine resonant frequency behavior. This paper will discuss measurements made of several mines of the same type buried at various depths and will compare these measurements to predictions made by a lumped element model. C1 USA, CECOM, RDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Fenneman, D (reprint author), USA, CECOM, RDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4949-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5089 BP 495 EP 504 DI 10.1117/12.487236 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX69J UT WOS:000186143400047 ER PT S AU Donzelli, TP Jackson, L Yeshnik, M Petty, T AF Donzelli, TP Jackson, L Yeshnik, M Petty, T BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI An airborne change detection system for the detection of route mines SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VIII CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE landmines; change detection; MWIR; LWIR; airborne sensor AB The US Army is interested in technologies that will enable it to maintain the free flow of traffic along routes such as Main Supply Routes (MSRs). Mines emplaced in the road by enemy forces under cover of darkness represent a major threat to maintaining a rapid Operational Tempo (OPTEMPO) along such routes. One technique that shows promise for detecting enemy mining activity is Airborne Change Detection, which allows an operator to detect suspicious day-to-day changes in and around the road that may be indicative of enemy mining. This paper presents an Airborne Change Detection system that is currently under development at the US Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD). The system has been tested using a longwave infrared (LWIR) sensor on a vertical take-off and landing unmanned aerial vehicle (VTOL UAV) and a midwave infrared (MWIR) sensor on a fixed wing aircraft. The system is described and results of the various tests conducted to date are presented. C1 USA, CECOM, RDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Donzelli, TP (reprint author), USA, CECOM, RDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4949-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5089 BP 536 EP 546 DI 10.1117/12.486943 PN 1&2 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX69J UT WOS:000186143400051 ER PT S AU Albert, M Cragin, J Perron, F Leggett, D AF Albert, M Cragin, J Perron, F Leggett, D BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Diffusion of explosives through frozen and unfrozen sand SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VIII CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE diffusion; explosives; sand; diffusion coefficient; modeling AB Areas subject to military conflict or military training sometimes contain unexploded ordinance and/or explosives residues resulting from detonations. A variety of past field and modeling studies have investigated the behavior of explosives in soils in warm climates, but the behavior in cold climates, including frozen soil and snow, has been less studied. In northern areas of military conflict, and at Army military training grounds in cold regions, winter weather exists for many months of the year. The impact of temperature and moisture changes in the soil, due to changing weather conditions, can have a large effect on the fate and transport of the explosives. The basic transport parameters for the behavior of the contaminant in frozen soil are unknown, yet these parameters are needed for problem assessment both for simple estimates and full numerical studies. In this paper we discuss sample results of controlled laboratory experiments performed to investigate the diffusion of 2,4-DNT through sand, under two conditions each of temperature and moisture. Based on the experimental data we present preliminary effective diffusion coefficients for the conditions. The concentrations show clear transport of the contaminant due to vapor diffusion and sorption. Sorption is a controlling feature of diffusion of explosives in sand. Diffusion rates and concentration on the particles increase with temperature. In both frozen and unfrozen sand, higher moisture content causes faster diffusion rates but lower particle concentration levels than in the corresponding dry cases. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Albert, M (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4949-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5089 BP 740 EP 745 DI 10.1117/12.486857 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX69J UT WOS:000186143400072 ER PT S AU McMichael, IT Nelson, CV AF McMichael, IT Nelson, CV BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Investigation of the electromagnetic induction spatial response of two closely spaced targets SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VIII CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE metal detector; mine detection; target discrimination ID MINES AB Current state-of-the-art electromagnetic induction (EMI) metal detector research systems have shown the potential to detect low metal content buried targets as well as discriminate the type of target as a mine or clutter. However, further research is needed to investigate metal target discrimination potential for closely spaced metal targets. A series of experiments designed to investigate the spatial and time decay responses of multiple metal targets were conducted using a spatial scanning, time-domain EMI metal detector. Time decay signatures were taken of two calibration targets placed over varying distances with the objective of analyzing target identification and spatial resolution. This paper presents results of these experiments. C1 USA, CECOM, RDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP McMichael, IT (reprint author), USA, CECOM, RDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4949-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5089 BP 894 EP 903 DI 10.1117/12.485724 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX69J UT WOS:000186143400087 ER PT S AU O'Neill, K Sun, KL Shubitidze, F Shamatava, I Liu, LB Paulsen, KD AF O'Neill, K Sun, KL Shubitidze, F Shamatava, I Liu, LB Paulsen, KD BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Dealing with clutter in EMI inversion and classification schemes for buried UXO discrimination SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VIII CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION; EXCITATION AB Virtually all signal processing strategies for discrimination of buried UXO are clutter limited. Most buried UXO are to be found in the top meter of soil, and therefore produce detectable electromagnetic responses. However they also typically reside in settings with widespread metallic clutter from detonated ordnance or other sources. While generally smaller than the UXO, metallic fragments can be numerous and may be shallower than the UXO we seek. Thus clutter signals may be stronger than those from UXO, especially locally, and may cause either highly localized or diffuse obscuration of signatures. They may mask crucial UXO frequency and temporal response patterns, and may distort the otherwise revealing spatial variations of response. To deal with this, first an analytical physical model of electromagnetic induction (EMI) scattering from widespread metallic clutter is formulated and tested. The dependence of signal magnitude on antenna elevation is determined for both thin surface layers and volume layers of clutter. This dependence is different from that of a single UXO size target. In treatment of UWB EMI measurements, this difference is exploited to elicit evidence of the UXO-like target when it is screened from the sensor by a surface layer of small metallic objects. Inversions are also performed for characterizing the geometry of a UXO-like target beneath a surface layer of clutter. The test cases compare a simple least squares (SLS) and a Bayesian-inspired statistical (BIS) approach. As target depth is increased and signal to clutter ratio decreases, the BIS generally produces more consistent and accurate results. C1 USA, CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP O'Neill, K (reprint author), USA, CRREL, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4949-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5089 BP 916 EP 927 DI 10.1117/12.487287 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX69J UT WOS:000186143400089 ER PT S AU Butler, D Pasion, L Billings, S Oldenburg, D Yule, D AF Butler, D Pasion, L Billings, S Oldenburg, D Yule, D BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Enhanced discrmination capability for UXO geophysical surveys SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VIII CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB Approximately 75% of buried UXO cleanup costs are expended excavating false alarm anomalies (i.e., digging on the locations of geophysical anomalies that are not caused by UXO). Although probabilities of detection at documented UXO test sites are commonly > 90%, there is little documented discrimination capability. This lack of discrimination capability leads to excessively high false alarm rates for both test site and live site surveys. Despite considerable advances in quantitative interpretation methods for discrimination, the state of practice is qualitative or empirical. The UXO thrust of the Army Engineer Research and Development Center's (ERDC) Environmental Quality Technology Program seeks to develop enhanced detection and discrimination capability for geophysical surveys to locate buried UXO. ERDC and its academic partners have developed robust forward and inverse modeling capability for survey data from total field magnetometry, time-domain electromagnetic induction, and frequency-domain electromagnetic induction methods. Enhanced discrimination capability by formal geophysical inversion is demonstrated at documented test sites and live sites. A current emphasis is the development of formal inversion procedures that utilize the information content in multiple geophysical datasets. Two approaches are considered: (1) cooperative or constrained inversion; and (2) joint inversion. Cooperative inversion is the process of using inversion parameters from one dataset to constrain the inversion of other data. In true joint inversion, the target model parameters common to the forward models for each type of data are identified and the procedure seeks to recover the model parameters from all the survey data simultaneously. High-quality datasets acquired at seeded test sites at Former Fort Ord, California, demonstrate the confidence in applying these two approaches to discrimination of UXO from non-UXO targets. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Al Sci & Technol Corp, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Butler, D (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Al Sci & Technol Corp, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4949-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5089 BP 958 EP 969 DI 10.1117/12.486978 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX69J UT WOS:000186143400093 ER PT S AU Harmon, RS DeLucia, FC Winkel, RJ LaPointe, A Grossman, S McNesby, KL Miziolek, AW AF Harmon, RS DeLucia, FC Winkel, RJ LaPointe, A Grossman, S McNesby, KL Miziolek, AW BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI LIBS: A new versatile, field deployable, real-time detector system with potential for landmine detection SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VIII CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; LIBS; landmine detection ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; INDUCED PLASMA SPECTROSCOPY; IDENTIFICATION; STEEL; DIAGNOSTICS; ARTWORKS; LEAD; ORE AB Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is an atomic emission spectroscopic technique that utilizes a pulsed laser to create a microplasma on the target together with an array spectrometer to capture the transient light for elemental identification and quantification. LIBS has certain important characteristics that make it a very attractive sensor technology for military uses. Such attributes include that facts that LIBS (1) is relatively simple and straightforward, (2) requires no sample preparation, (3) generates a real-time response, and (4) only engages a very small sample (pg-ng) of matter in each laser shot and microplasma event, (5) has inherent high sensitivity, and (6) responds to all forms of unknowns, and, therefore, is particularly suited for the sensing of dangerous materials. Additionally, a LIBS sensor system can be inexpensive, configured to be man-portable, and designed for both in-situ point sensing and remote stand-off detection with distances of up to 20-25 meters. Broadband LIBS results covering the spectral region from 200-970 nm acquired at the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) under laboratory conditions for a variety of landmine casings and explosive materials. This data will illustrate the potential that LIBS has to be developed into a hand-deployable device that could be utilized as a confirmatory sensor in landmine detection. The concept envisioned is a backpack-size system in which an eyesafe micro-laser is contained in the handle of a deminer's probe and light is delivered and collected through an optical fiber in the tapered tip of the probe. In such a configuration, analyses can be made readily by touching the buried object that one is interested in identifying. C1 USA, Res Lab, Army Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Harmon, RS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Army Res Off, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4949-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5089 BP 1065 EP 1077 DI 10.1117/12.488164 PN 1&2 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX69J UT WOS:000186143400103 ER PT J AU Wolter, SD Borca-Tasciuc, DA Chen, G Govindaraju, N Collazo, R Okuzumi, F Prater, JT Sitar, Z AF Wolter, SD Borca-Tasciuc, DA Chen, G Govindaraju, N Collazo, R Okuzumi, F Prater, JT Sitar, Z TI Thermal conductivity of epitaxially textured diamond films SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE epitaxial diamond; thermal conductivity; joule heating thermometry ID BIAS-ENHANCED NUCLEATION AB The in-plane thermal conductivity of epitaxially textured, (1 0 0) diamond has been evaluated in comparison to (1 0 0) diamond possessing a random fiber texture. The diamond films were bias-enhanced nucleated using an alternating current source and,grown on (1 0 0) silicon using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. Thermal conductivity values of similar to 1120 (+/-11%) W/m K and similar to550 (+/-11 %) W/m K were determined for the epitaxial vs. non-epitaxial diamond, respectively, using Joule heating thermometry This twofold improvement in the thermal conductivity of the epitaxially textured diamond is ascribed to a reduction in the grain boundary defects within the film. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wolter, SD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Chen, Gang/J-1325-2014 OI Chen, Gang/0000-0002-3968-8530 NR 9 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 12 IS 1 BP 61 EP 64 AR PII S0925-9635(02)00248-0 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(02)00248-0 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 650QB UT WOS:000181273900010 ER PT J AU Belinskiy, BP Caithamer, P AF Belinskiy, Boris P. Caithamer, Peter TI STOCHASTIC STABILITY OF SOME MECHANICAL SYSTEMS WITH A MULTIPLICATIVE WHITE NOISE SO DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE stochastic partial differential equation; expected energy; Gaussian noise; stability AB We discuss the behavior, for large values of time, of a class of linear mechanical systems with a multiplicative white noise in its parameters. The initial conditions may be random as well but are independent of white noise. It is well known that a deterministic linear mechanical system with viscous damping is stable, i.e., its energy approaches zero as time increases. We calculate the expected energy and check that this behavior takes place in the case when the initial conditions are random but the parameters are not. When the parameters contain a random noise the expected energy may be infinite, approach zero, remain bounded, or increase with no bound. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of the systems considered in terms of the roots of an auxiliary equation. C1 [Belinskiy, Boris P.] Univ Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA. [Caithamer, Peter] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Belinskiy, BP (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA. EM Boris-Belinskiy@utc.edu FU University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Center of Excellence in Computer Application Scholarship FX The first author was supported in part by the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Center of Excellence in Computer Application Scholarship and the Faculty Research Grant. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 1078-0947 EI 1553-5231 J9 DISCRETE CONT DYN-A JI Discret. Contin. Dyn. Syst. PY 2003 SU S BP 91 EP 99 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA V30EN UT WOS:000208799400012 ER PT J AU Capacio, BR Byers, CE Caro, ST McDonough, JH AF Capacio, BR Byers, CE Caro, ST McDonough, JH TI Pharmacokinetics of intramuscularly administered biperiden in guinea pigs challenged with soman SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED SEIZURE ACTIVITY; ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS; DIAZEPAM; CONVULSIONS; PROTECTION; PRETREATMENT; SCOPOLAMINE; PATHOLOGY; EFFICACY; ATROPINE AB Biperiden is an anticholinergic compound that has demonstrated effectiveness for treating organophosphate-induced seizure/convulsions. The plasma levels of biperiden associated with this efficacy have not yet been defined. In this study, the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of biperiden after intramuscular administration of 0.5 mg/kg were conducted while monitoring pharmacodynamic (electroencephalographic) data in soman-exposed guinea pigs. Overall, 59% of the animals had seizures terminated within 30 min of the biperiden administration. The mean time to seizure termination was 15.9 min. The pharmacokinetics of biperiden after im administration to guinea pigs were best described by a one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination. The maximal plasma biperiden concentration (34.4 ng/mL) in seizure-terminated animals occurred at 26.3 min. Extensive partitioning into peripheral tissues was noted supporting the relatively large volume of distribution observed. Maximal biperiden concentrations in the cortex and brain stem were found at 30 min and were 2.3 and 1.7 times greater, respectively, than that in plasma. The time for maximal plasma concentration was found to corresponded well with the mean time to seizure termination following drug administration. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Capacio, BR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2003 VL 26 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1081/DCT-120017553 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 653HE UT WOS:000181428500001 PM 12643036 ER PT J AU Shearer, TW Kozar, MP O'Neil, M Smith, KS Melendez, V Quartucci, S Diaz, DS Scheiser, G Jacobus, DP Weina, PJ Skillman, DR Milhous, WK AF Shearer, TW Kozar, MP O'Neil, M Smith, KS Melendez, V Quartucci, S Diaz, DS Scheiser, G Jacobus, DP Weina, PJ Skillman, DR Milhous, WK TI In vitro metabolism of third generation antifolate antimalarials by human and animal liver microsomes and human cytochrome P450 isoforms SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th North American ISSX Meeting CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND SP Pfizer Inc, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis Pharmaceut, Purdue Pharma LP, Schering-Plough Res, Sanofi Synthelabo Res, Merck Res Lab, Otsuka Pharmaceut Co Ltd, Wyeth-Ayerst Res Lab C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Pharmacol, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Jacobus Pharmaceut Co, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RI Kozar, Michael/A-9155-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 2003 VL 35 SU 2 MA 76 BP 38 EP 38 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 734QX UT WOS:000186069300073 ER PT J AU Needham, S Ye, BY Smith, JR Capacio, BR AF Needham, S Ye, BY Smith, JR Capacio, BR TI HPLC/MS/MS quantitative bioanalysis of the anti-chemical warfare agent drug atropine from monkey serum using a novel extraction method SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th North American ISSX Meeting CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND SP Pfizer Inc, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis Pharmaceut, Purdue Pharma LP, Schering-Plough Res, Sanofi Synthelabo Res, Merck Res Lab, Otsuka Pharmaceut Co Ltd, Wyeth-Ayerst Res Lab C1 Alturas Analyt Inc, Moscow, ID USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 2003 VL 35 SU 2 MA 161 BP 81 EP 81 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 734QX UT WOS:000186069300157 ER PT B AU Holland, JP Bartell, SM Hallam, TG Purucker, ST Welsh, CJE AF Holland, JP Bartell, SM Hallam, TG Purucker, ST Welsh, CJE BE Dale, VH TI Role of computational toolkits in environmental management SO ECOLOGICAL MODELING FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Effective Use of Ecological Modeling in Management CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL OAK RIDGE, TN SP US Dept Defense, Strateg Environm Res & Dev Program, USA, Res Off, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, USDA, Forest Serv, DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Holland, JP (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-95493-7 PY 2003 BP 221 EP 245 DI 10.1007/0-387-21563-8_12 PG 25 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV81Q UT WOS:000180116300012 ER PT B AU King, WC Dale, VH AF King, WC Dale, VH BE Dale, VH TI What in the world is worth fighting for? Using models for environmental security SO ECOLOGICAL MODELING FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Effective Use of Ecological Modeling in Management CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL OAK RIDGE, TN SP US Dept Defense, Strateg Environm Res & Dev Program, USA, Res Off, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, USDA, Forest Serv, DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLOBAL CHANGE; WATER-RESOURCES; FOOD SECURITY; PERFORMANCE; CONFLICT; IMPACTS; FORESTS; SYSTEMS; DISEASE C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP King, WC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-95493-7 PY 2003 BP 289 EP 309 DI 10.1007/0-387-21563-8_15 PG 21 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV81Q UT WOS:000180116300015 ER PT S AU Tom, JG Weiss, CA Malone, PG Virostek, A AF Tom, JG Weiss, CA Malone, PG Virostek, A GP TRB TI Durable roadside protective structures for low-volume roads SO EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW-VOLUME ROADS 2003, VOLS 1 AND 2: PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION; ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT; DESIGN; MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION, AND MAINTENANCE; OPERATIONS AND SAFETY SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Low-Volume Roads CY JUN 22-25, 2003 CL UNIV NEVADA, TRANSPORTAT TRANSFER CTR, RENO, NEVADA HO UNIV NEVADA, TRANSPORTAT TRANSFER CTR AB Data compilations on accidents nationwide show that 30% of all traffic fatalities and 16% of all injuries occur when a vehicle goes into a ditch or strikes a fixed obstacle on the roadside. Highway traffic barriers and crash cushions are not economical for use on low-volume roads, even though they could be helpful in reducing fatalities and injuries. Sand-filled barrels and metal barriers that undergo controlled deformation are relatively expensive and require significant investments in placement, inspection, maintenance, and repair. A crash cushion design based on scrap tires encased in foamed, fiber-reinforced concrete is being developed and can provide a versatile, low-maintenance safety barrier that is also resistant to vandalism. The composite scrap tire-and-concrete protective barrier uses a skeleton of scrap tires as an attachment point that can serve to lift, place, and anchor a mass of foamed, fiber-reinforced concrete in place on the roadside. The foamed, fiber-reinforced concrete crushes like wood under impact from tools or projectiles, so the modules are difficult to vandalize and can survive scrapes from graders or snow removal equipment. Module array can be developed on the basis of weight distribution in sand-filled barrel arrays. Potential uses for the barrier modules include protection of bridge piers, bridge railings, and obstacles on curves. The durability and economy of these units make them a practical option for use in improving safety on low-volume roads, especially in remote areas. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Camtek Construct Prod Corp, Murrysville, PA 15668 USA. RP Tom, JG (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07748-6 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2003 IS 1819 BP 221 EP 224 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BX08M UT WOS:000184237500031 ER PT S AU Berney, ES Peters, JF Newman, JK Smith, DM AF Berney, ES Peters, JF Newman, JK Smith, DM GP TRB TI Effect of surfactant on dry-side compaction of silty sand SO EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW-VOLUME ROADS 2003, VOLS 1 AND 2: PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION; ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT; DESIGN; MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION, AND MAINTENANCE; OPERATIONS AND SAFETY SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Low-Volume Roads CY JUN 22-25, 2003 CL UNIV NEVADA, TRANSPORTAT TRANSFER CTR, RENO, NEVADA HO UNIV NEVADA, TRANSPORTAT TRANSFER CTR AB The use of surfactants with soil is an evolving practice that lacks a systematic theory to describe the mechanisms of behavior that influence the soil response. A technique has emerged from the theoretical modeling of partially saturated soils that allows near-optimum densities to be achieved with water contents well below optimum. The central theme of the model is a distinction between the intergranular stress caused by externally applied loads and the stress derived from internally distributed capillary stresses due to the presence of water menisci. A practical consequence of the theory is that resistance to compaction can be reduced by adding surfactant (soap) to the mix water to reduce the component of intergranular stress derived from capillary tension. The decrease in capillary tension permits greater dry-side compaction density and an increase in soaked California bearing ratio strength. Well-graded silty-sand data were used to compare the behavior of untreated specimens with that of specimens treated with a 4% by weight of water anionic surfactant. The treated specimens achieved dry densities hear optimum with the use of 25% less total mix water. Differences. in the California bearing ratio strength for the soaked and unsoaked specimens and comparison of specimens' swell during soaking support the concept that compaction was improved through reduction of capillary tension. Thin allows specified dry densities to be achieved using considerably less water, which is critical in and environments, and translates into efficiency in cost and, more important for rapid military operations, in construction time. C1 USA, Ctr Res & Dev, CEERD GM A, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Berney, ES (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res & Dev, CEERD GM A, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd,, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07748-6 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2003 IS 1819 BP A57 EP A62 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BX08M UT WOS:000184237500053 ER PT S AU Tingle, JS Santoni, RL AF Tingle, JS Santoni, RL GP TRB TI Stabilization of clay soils with nontraditional additives SO EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW-VOLUME ROADS 2003, VOLS 1 AND 2: PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION; ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT; DESIGN; MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION, AND MAINTENANCE; OPERATIONS AND SAFETY SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Low-Volume Roads CY JUN 22-25, 2003 CL UNIV NEVADA, TRANSPORTAT TRANSFER CTR, RENO, NEVADA HO UNIV NEVADA, TRANSPORTAT TRANSFER CTR AB A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the stabilization of low- and high-plasticity clay soils with nontraditional chemical or liquid stabilizers. Clay soil specimens were mixed with various stabilization products and compacted using a gyratory compaction machine to approximate ASTM D1557 moisture-density compaction. Each specimen was subjected to wet and dry testing following a 28-day cure. Twelve nontraditional stabilizers were evaluated, including an acid, enzymes, a lignosulfonate, a petroleum emulsion, polymers, and a tree resin. Additional specimens were stabilized With Type I portland cement and hydrated lime for comparison with traditional stabilizers under the same mixing, compaction, and curing conditions. Analysis of the test data consisted of determining the average strength, in terms of unconfined compressive strength, of three replicate specimens of each mixture. The average strength of the three replicates of each additive was compared with the average strength results of the remaining nontraditional additives, the traditional stabilization results, and a series of control specimens that were not stabilized. The experiment results indicate an increased strength of some nontraditionally stabilized specimens when compared with that of both the control series and the traditional stabilization alternatives. Other nontraditional stabilizers did not demonstrate significant increased strength compared with that of the control series for the conditions of this experiment. Many of the stabilized specimens were highly susceptible to moisture, indicating the potential for poor performance when exposed to adverse environmental conditions, whereas a few specimens demonstrated excellent performance when exposed to moisture. Specific product categories are recommended for stabilizing low- and high-plasticity clay soils. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, CEERD GM A, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Tingle, JS (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, CEERD GM A, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07748-6 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2003 IS 1819 BP A72 EP A84 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BX08M UT WOS:000184237500055 ER PT S AU Bruno, FF Fortier, JM Nagarajan, R Roy, S Kumar, J Samuelson, LA AF Bruno, FF Fortier, JM Nagarajan, R Roy, S Kumar, J Samuelson, LA BE Shur, MS Wilson, PM Urban, D TI Biomimetic synthesis of water soluble conductive polypyrrole and poly (3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene). SO ELECTRONICS ON UNCONVENTIONAL SUBSTRATES-ELECTROTEXTILES AND GIANT-AREA FLEXIBLE CIRCUITS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electronics on Unconventional Substrates-Electrotextiles and Giant-Area Flexible Circuits held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-03, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID POLYMERIZATION; POLYANILINE; PEROXIDASE; MEDIA AB A novel biomimetic method for the synthesis of a conducting molecular complex of polypyrrole and of Poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) in the presence of a polyelectrolyte, such as polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) is presented. A poly(ethylene glycol) modified hematin (PEG-Hematin) was used to catalyze the polymerization of pyrrole and of 3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene in the presence of SPS to form a Polypyrrole/SPS and PEDOT/SPS complex. UV-vis, FTIR, electrical conductivity and TGA studies for all complexes indicate the presence of a thermally stable and electrically conductive form of these polymers. Furthermore the presence of SPS in this complex provides a unique combination of properties such as processability and water-solubility. Water-soluble polypyrrole opens new avenues for the fabrication of novel biosensors. C1 USA, Mat Sci Team, Natick Soldier Ctr, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Bruno, FF (reprint author), USA, Mat Sci Team, Natick Soldier Ctr, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-673-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 736 BP 201 EP 206 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BW65V UT WOS:000182708600028 ER PT J AU Caponero, J Tenorio, JAS Levendis, YA Carlson, JB AF Caponero, J Tenorio, JAS Levendis, YA Carlson, JB TI Emissions of batch combustion of waste tire chips: The afterburner effect SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID PULVERIZED COAL; PAH EMISSIONS; PYROLYSIS; PARTICLES; PLASTICS; SOOT; PARTICULATE; EVOLUTION; OXIDATION; KINETICS AB A laboratory investigation was performed on the emissions from batch combustion of waste tire chips in fixed beds to identify techniques and conditions that minimize toxic emissions. Tire derived fuel (TDF), in the form of waste tire chips (1 cm), was burned in a two-stage combustor. Batches of tire chips were introduced to the primary furnace where gasification and oxidative pyrolysis took place. The gaseous effluent of this furnace was mixed with streams of additional air and, subsequently, it was channeled into the secondary furnace (afterburner) where further oxidation took place. The arrangement of two furnaces in series allows for independent temperature control; varying the temperature in the primary furnace influences the type and the flux of pyrolysates. The additional-air mixing section between the two furnaces allows for mostly heterogeneous and fuel-lean combustion in the afterburner. Results showed that both the operating temperature of the primary furnace, in the range of 500-1000 degreesC, and the existence of the afterburner had marked influences on the emissions of pollutants. Results showed that for this fuel use of combustion staging, with an additional-air mixing section, had a very beneficial effect. It drastically reduced the emissions of CO (by factors of 3-10), the particulates (by factors of 2-5) and the cumulative PAH (by factors of 2-3). Many health-hazardous PAH components were practically eliminated. Overall oxidizing conditions prevailed and the minimum oxygen mole fraction never fell below 2% in the effluent of either furnace. The operating primary furnace temperature (pyrolysis temperature) also proved to be important, with temperatures at the low side of the 500-1000 degreesC range producing fewer pollutants, upon treatment in the afterburner. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Polytech Sch, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Northeastern Univ, Coll Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Tenorio, JAS (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Polytech Sch, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Caponero, Jefferson/D-2966-2009 NR 51 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1 BP 225 EP 239 DI 10.1021/ef0201331 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 637GD UT WOS:000180502500031 ER PT J AU Tunick, A AF Tunick, A TI CN2 model to calculate the micrometeorological influences on the refractive index structure parameter SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE computer model; surface layer; similarity theory; refraction; turbulence; electro-optical; infrared; laser; scintillometer ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; PROFILE RELATIONSHIPS; ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPAGATION; OPTICAL TURBULENCE; FLUCTUATIONS; TEMPERATURE; IMAGERY; WIND AB This paper presents the CN2 model for calculating the micrometeorological influences on the refractive index structure parameter. The CN2 model is a semi-empirical algorithm developed by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory to provide realistic values for the refractive index structure parameter over land given two vertical levels of conventional wind speed, temperature, and humidity data as input. The CN2 model is based on the structure function formulations of Tatarski. Equations for the real index of refraction are expressed in terms of temperature, pressure, and moisture (preferably the conserved elements potential temperature and specific humidity). Calculations of micrometeorological profile structure are carried out via Monin-Obukhov theory for the surface layer. Model results can be derived for unstable, stable, and near-neutral atmospheric conditions. The CN2 model algorithm is validated in comparison to optical scintillometer data collected at 2 m above ground level over a 450 m path. The paper reported here contains technical and user's guide information on the CN2 model. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM atunick@arl.army.mil NR 43 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1016/S1364-8152(02)00052-X PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 648LZ UT WOS:000181154000007 ER PT J AU Tannenbaum, LV Bazar, M Hawkins, MS Cornaby, BW Ferguson, EA Carroll, LC Ryan, PF AF Tannenbaum, LV Bazar, M Hawkins, MS Cornaby, BW Ferguson, EA Carroll, LC Ryan, PF TI Rodent sperm analysis in field-based ecological risk assessment pilot study at Ravenna army ammunition plant, Ravenna, Ohio SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ecological risk assessment; field-truthing; sperm; rodents; reproduction ID MICE; TOXICITY; RATS AB Ecological risk assessment (ERA) guidance recommends that field-truthing efforts proceed when modeled hazard quotients (HQs) suggest that toxicological effects are occurring to site receptors. To date, no field methods have been proposed by the regulatory community that can lead to definitive determinations of acceptable or unacceptable risk for birds and mammals, the two terrestrial classes of receptors that are commonly assessed using the HQ method. This paper describes rodent sperm analysis (RSA) as a viable method to be applied in the field at sites with historical contamination. RSA is capable of detecting biological differences that bear on reproduction, a highly regarded toxicological endpoint of concern in USEPA Superfund-type ERAS. The results of RSA's first application at a study site are reported and discussed. The paper also provides the rationale for RSA's efficacy in the context of Superfund and other environmental cleanup programs, where limited time and money are available to determine and evaluate the field condition. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Louisville, KY 40201 USA. C Eco, Warren, OH 44481 USA. RP Tannenbaum, LV (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM lawrence.tannenbaum@amedd.army.mil NR 34 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2003 VL 123 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 AR PII S0269-7491(02)003360-3 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00360-3 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 659MP UT WOS:000181780700003 PM 12663202 ER PT S AU Risinger, JI Maxwell, GL Berchuck, A Barrett, JC AF Risinger, JI Maxwell, GL Berchuck, A Barrett, JC BE Verma, M Dunn, BK Umar, A TI Promoter hypermethylation as an epigenetic component in type I and type II endometrial cancers SO EPIGENETICS IN CANCER PREVENTION: EARLY DETECTION AND RISK ASSESSMENT SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Epigenetic in Cancer Prevention CY DEC 03-04, 2001 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP Natl Canc Inst, Div Canc Prevent, Nalt Inst Hlth DE endometrial cancer; promoter hypermethylation; adenomatous polyposis coli; hMLH1 ID BETA-CATENIN MUTATIONS; MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; CPG HYPERMETHYLATION; UTERINE ENDOMETRIUM; ALPHA-CATENIN; E-CADHERIN; CARCINOMA; GENE; EXPRESSION AB Epigenetic mechanisms that result in aberrant gene expression are a prominent feature of many cancer types. One main epigenetic mechanism for gene silencing involves promoter hypermethylation. Type I and type 11 endometrial cancers exhibit differing clinical, histologic, and molecular genetic characteristics. We hypothesize that these differences also extend to epigenetic phenomena. Promoter methylation analysis of 11 genes in a panel of endometrial cancers supports this hypothesis. These initial data indicate that promoter hypermethylation events occur frequently in type I cancer and were not detected in type 11 cancers using this panel of loci. These data tend to support the hypothesis that type I and type 11 endometrial cancers will exhibit distinct patterns of gene silencing based on promoter hypermethylation events. C1 NCI, Lab Biosyst & Canc, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Barrett, JC (reprint author), NCI, Lab Biosyst & Canc, NIH, Bldg 37,Rm 5032,9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 25 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-430-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 983 BP 208 EP 212 PG 5 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BW49W UT WOS:000182218800019 PM 12724225 ER PT J AU Diavan, B Moul, JW Zlotta, A Remzi, M Ravery, V AF Diavan, B Moul, JW Zlotta, A Remzi, M Ravery, V TI PSA progression following radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy: New standards in the new millenium SO EUROPEAN UROLOGY LA English DT Review DE prostate cancer; PSA; PSA progression; radical prostatectomy; radiation therapy; review ID INTERMITTENT ANDROGEN SUPPRESSION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; METASTATIC PROSTATIC-CANCER; FINASTERIDE PLUS FLUTAMIDE; IN-111 CAPROMAB PENDETIDE; JOHNS-HOPKINS EXPERIENCE; EXTERNAL-BEAM RADIATION; ANTIGEN LEVELS; RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY; SALVAGE SURGERY AB Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression following radical treatments of clinically localized prostate cancer is a common problem facing both the patient and the urologist. Not all patients with relapsing disease have an equal risk of death due to prostate cancer. After surgery, biochemical failure can be defined as persisting detectable levels of PSA after radical prostatectomy or a PSA rise after a period of normalization. On the other hand, definitions of PSA progression after radiation therapy vary and no clear consensus can be found. This review of the recent international literature updates the knowledge about the diagnostic procedures used in relapsing patients. Predictors of progression are precised leading to a better patient selection, based on currently available tables and nomograms. Indeed, identification of high risk patients may allow a more appropriate treatment decision. After radical treatment, the analysis of time to recurrence, PSA doubling time, PSA kinetics combined to modem imaging techniques such as In-111 capromab penditide scan may allow a better identification of the recurrence site. Thus, an optimal treatment strategy may be envisaged such as local irradiation, salvage surgery, hormone therapy or combinations for which indications and results are provided. Alternative options such as cryotherapy still need further investigation. At last, the use of artificial neural networks will certainly enhance the selection of patients submitted to radical treatments as well as the selection of relapsing patients to allow a more appropriate adjuvant therapy. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vienna, Dept Urol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Dept Urol, Brussels, Belgium. Dept Urol, Paris, France. RP Diavan, B (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Dept Urol, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RI Zlotta, Alexandre/K-8285-2015 NR 157 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0302-2838 J9 EUR UROL JI Eur. Urol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 43 IS 1 BP 12 EP 27 AR PII S0302-2838(02)00505-5 PG 16 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 643TF UT WOS:000180876000004 ER PT J AU Rockwood, GA Armstrong, KR Baskin, SI AF Rockwood, GA Armstrong, KR Baskin, SI TI Species comparison of methemoglobin reductase SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE methemoglobin reductase; species comparison; non-human primates; cyanide; animal models ID CYANIDE ANTIDOTE; ERYTHROCYTES AB Methemoglobin (MHb) formation is effective in treating cyanide (CN) poisoning. Endogenous activity of the enzyme MHb reductase (MR) reflects the capacity to reduce MHb and thus represents a key factor for evaluating anti-CN efficacy of MHb formers. MR activity was measured in whole blood of nine animal species and was compared with human MR activity. The animals in this comparative study included seven nonhuman primate (NHP) species, the beagle dog, and the ferret. Although exhibiting higher MR activity than in humans, the rhesus and aotus NHPs' average MR activity was the closest to humans', with raw data from each NHP showing overlap with human raw data. The beagle dog, used extensively to study anti-CN characteristics of MHb formers, was the sole species that displayed MR activity lower than in humans, with no data overlap. Based on MR activity, the rhesus and aotus NHPs may each represent a more accurate model for predicting human responses to MHb formers. The data from this study provides a unique interspecies enzyme comparison, which should facilitate future rational development of anti-CN MHb formers. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Drug Assessment Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Comparat Med Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Pharmacol Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Rockwood, GA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd,MCMR-UV-DA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY MEDICINE PI MAYWOOD PA 195 WEST SPRING VALLEY AVE, MAYWOOD, NJ 07607-1727 USA SN 1535-3702 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 228 IS 1 BP 79 EP 83 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 633QR UT WOS:000180294400011 PM 12524477 ER PT S AU Underwood, JH Vigilante, GN Troiano, E AF Underwood, JH Vigilante, GN Troiano, E BE Reuter, WG Piascik, RS TI Failure beneath cannon thermal barrier coatings by hydrogen cracking; Mechanisms and modeling SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS: 33RD VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd National Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY JUN 25-29, 2001 CL MORAN, WY SP Amer Soc Testing Mat, Comm EO8 Fatigue & Fracture DE thermal stress; residual stress; hydrogen cracking; thermal barrier coating; cannon tube; high strength steel; thermo-mechanical model AB Army experience with hydrogen cracking failures of cannons is described, including extensive testing of high strength steel and nickel-iron base alloys to address the failures. Cracking of cannon pressure vessel steels just under bore thermal barrier coatings is now common, and can be explained by the combined action of hydrogen-bearing combustion gases and thermally induced tensile residual stresses. Above-yield transient thermal compression and resultant residual tension stresses beneath the coating are shown to give good predictions of crack arrays observed under the coatings. A similar array of hydrogen cracks in a prototype cannon has recently been explained by contact of combustion gases with uncoated high strength steel that has been yielded by mechanical compressive stresses, leading to residual tension and cracking. The use of nickel-plated hydrogen barrier coatings was shown to eliminate this type of cracking. Recent cannon experience provides a basis for a summary of mechanisms of hydrogen cracking beneath cannon barrier coatings. The near-bore transient temperature distributions due to cannon firing are calculated by finite difference calculations using temperature-dependent thermal and physical properties and validation by comparison with the known temperatures and the observed depths of microstructural damage. Solid mechanics calculations of transient thermal compressive stresses and resultant residual tensile stresses are made, taking account of temperature dependent coating properties and yielding of the steel substrate near the bore surface. Effects of coating material, coating thickness, and the temperature and duration of firing gases on the depth of thermal damage below the coating are investigated. Direct comparisons between observed and predicted thermal damage and hydrogen cracking are made for coating and firing conditions that correspond to modem cannon firing. This comparison suggests changes in cannon bore coatings to handle the more extreme thermal conditions in modem cannon firing, including thicker or more durable thermal barrier coatings to minimize thermal stresses in the steel substrate and different coating materials that can serve as hydrogen barrier coatings. C1 USA, Armament RD&E Ctr, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Underwood, JH (reprint author), USA, Armament RD&E Ctr, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2899-1 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2003 VL 1417 BP 101 EP 115 DI 10.1520/STP11071S PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW10C UT WOS:000180882300004 ER PT S AU Troiano, E Vigilante, GN Underwood, JH AF Troiano, E Vigilante, GN Underwood, JH BE Reuter, WG Piascik, RS TI Experiences and modeling of hydrogen cracking in a thick-walled pressure vessel SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS: 33RD VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd National Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY JUN 25-29, 2001 CL MORAN, WY SP Amer Soc Testing Mat, Comm EO8 Fatigue & Fracture DE environmental fracture; pressure vessels; crack growth rate AB Hydrogen cracking associated with armament structures has become more prevalent in recent times [1-3]. In this work, a thick-walled, autofrettaged pressure vessel was manufactured from ASTM A723 Grade 2 steel and heat-treated to yield strength of 1170 MPa. An outside diameter keyway was then machined. The keyway was exposed to concentrated sulfuric acid, leading to apparent cracking within 20 hours of exposure. Investigation of the affected keyway in the pressure vessel indicated that localized hardened areas were present. The base material possessed hardness values of Re 37-39, while areas near the keyway possessed a local hard zone up to Re 44. These zones extended to a depth of approximately 4 mm. The different hardness layers suggest that the environmental cracking incubated and propagated in two separate stages. It is speculated that cracking in the hard layer incubated quickly and propagated to approximately the 4 mm depth, then arrested itself once it encountered the more ductile base material. Previously published [2] crack growth (da/dt) test data, and new data verify that this process of incubation and propagation could have occurred in a matter of seconds, The cracking then resumed in the softer base material after approximately 300 hours of incubation time. Additional da/dt testing of this condition has been performed over a range of yield strengths and verifies that incubation times and crack propagation rates are similar to those observed in this pressure vessel. C1 USA, Ctr Res & Dev, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Troiano, E (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res & Dev, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2899-1 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2003 VL 1417 BP 116 EP 128 DI 10.1520/STP11072S PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW10C UT WOS:000180882300005 ER PT S AU Newman, JA Piascik, RS AF Newman, JA Piascik, RS BE Reuter, WG Piascik, RS TI Plasticity and roughness closure interactions near the fatigue crack growth threshold SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS: 33RD VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd National Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY JUN 25-29, 2001 CL MORAN, WY SP Amer Soc Testing Mat, Comm EO8 Fatigue & Fracture DE fatigue crack closure; threshold; plasticity; roughness; crack ID ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; MEAN STRESS; BEHAVIOR; MODEL AB An advanced model has been developed to calculate interactions between plasticity and roughness closure mechanisms resulting in the fatigue crack growth threshold. Near-threshold closure is complex because multiple closure mechanisms are likely, including roughness-, oxide-, and plasticity-induced crack closure. Results show closure first occurs either at the crack tip (tip contact), or at the fatigue-crack-surface asperity nearest the crack tip (asperity contact), in the absence of load history effects. Model calculations, verified by laboratory experiments, reveal a transition from tip contact to asperity contact produces fatigue crack growth threshold behavior; here, both model and experiment show that an abrupt increase in closure (asperity contact) results in the rapid decrease in fatigue crack growth rate at threshold. A comparison of an advanced crack-tip load displacement measurement technique, and standard global compliance methods show that global methods lack the sensitivity to accurately characterize crack closure at threshold. C1 USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Newman, JA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2899-1 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2003 VL 1417 BP 617 EP 630 DI 10.1520/STP11097S PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW10C UT WOS:000180882300030 ER PT J AU Frattarelli, JL Leondires, MP McKeeby, JL Miller, BT Segars, JH AF Frattarelli, JL Leondires, MP McKeeby, JL Miller, BT Segars, JH TI Blastocyst transfer, decreases multiple pregnancy rates in in vitro fertilization cycles: a randomized controlled trial SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Editorial Material ID EMBRYO-TRANSFER; CULTURE; IMPLANTATION; GESTATION; IVF C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pediat & Reprod Endocrinol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Combined Fed Program Reprod Endocrinol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Reprod Med Associates New Jersey, Morristown, NJ USA. RP Frattarelli, JL (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 16 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 79 IS 1 BP 228 EP 230 AR PII S0015-0282(02)04558-2 DI 10.1016/S0015-0282(02)04558-2 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 634XX UT WOS:000180368700046 PM 12524098 ER PT S AU O'Daniel, J AF O'Daniel, J BE Chakrabarti, SK Brebbia, CA Almorza, D GonzalezPalma, R TI Benefits (and problems) of one-way "loose" coupling SO FLUID STRUCTURE INTERACTION II SE ADVANCES IN FLUID MECHANICS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Fluid Structure Interaction CY JUN 24-26, 2003 CL Univ Cadiz, Cadiz, SPAIN HO Univ Cadiz AB Using fluid dynamic and structural mechanics codes coupled together is currently allowing complex fluid-structure interaction problems to be analyzed with a higher degree of detail and accuracy than previously possible. The amount of coupling needed between codes to solve a problem depends on the structure being analyzed and the objective of the analysis. A problem can require a high level of interaction between the fluid flow and the structure, while other situations may not need the fully coupled analysis to solve the problem. Simulating the detonation of an explosive charge in contact with the target has been difficult due to the combination of the extremely high-pressure blast environment and the highly non-linear and failure behavior typically found in the response of the target. Several scenarios exist when examining this type of analysis. In the case where a contact charge is placed on an "infinite" block of concrete and the objective is to determine the crater size, one-way "loose" coupling works very well. Several examples of this will be shown. If the objective is to find the debris pattern and velocity, or the environment behind the wall, the "loose" coupling method and material model doesn't work very well. By coupling two codes together, problems that previously had to be either simplified and approximated, or not analyzed at all, can now be simulated with a high degree of confidence in the computational results. However, there are still many applications where the less complicated "loose" coupling can provide an adequate solution. The authors acknowledge the Chief of Engineers for support to all aspects of this program and permission to present this work. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Geotech & Struct Lab, Struct Mech Branch, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP O'Daniel, J (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Geotech & Struct Lab, Struct Mech Branch, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1353-808X BN 1-85312-978-X J9 ADV FLUID MECH SER PY 2003 VL 36 BP 219 EP 228 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BY78K UT WOS:000189462200021 ER PT J AU Cardello, AV AF Cardello, AV TI Ideographic sensory testing vs. nomothetic sensory research for marketing guidance: comments on Garber et al. SO FOOD QUALITY AND PREFERENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Army Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Cardello, AV (reprint author), USA, Army Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-3293 J9 FOOD QUAL PREFER JI Food. Qual. Prefer. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 14 IS 1 BP 27 EP 30 AR PII S0950-3293(02)00032-0 DI 10.1016/S0950-3293(02)00032-0 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 625YE UT WOS:000179842500004 ER PT J AU Marshall, D Bell, R AF Marshall, D Bell, R TI Meal construction: exploring the relationship between eating occasion and location SO FOOD QUALITY AND PREFERENCE LA English DT Article DE meals; food choice; eating occasion; eating location; correspondence analysis; cluster analysis; discriminate ananlysis ID SOCIAL FACILITATION; BEHAVIOR; ACCEPTABILITY; ETHNICITY AB This paper reports on the findings from research into the relationship between eating occasions, location and meal construction. It draws on data collected from two convenience samples-British students and Australian students-and examines what they selected as appropriate foods for certain eating occasions (lunch, dinner, and snack) while constrained by physical location. In the present study, we sought to explore ways of dealing with the complex volume of data created when studying meals and food choice using a mixture of correspondence, cluster, and discriminate analysis. The study illustrates the utility of this approach for dealing with complex data and the analysis reveals the complexity between eating occasions, location and food choice. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Management Sch, Edinburgh EH8 9JY, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Bell, R (reprint author), USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 42 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-3293 J9 FOOD QUAL PREFER JI Food. Qual. Prefer. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 14 IS 1 BP 53 EP 64 AR PII S0950-3293(02)00015-0 DI 10.1016/S0950-3293(02)00015-0 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 625YE UT WOS:000179842500011 ER PT J AU Gorbunov, NV McFaul, SJ Zaucha, GM Nath, J AF Gorbunov, NV McFaul, SJ Zaucha, GM Nath, J TI Induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in blunt trauma-associated pulmonary hemorrhage SO FREE RADICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting on Free Radicals and Oxidative Stress CY 2003 CL LOANNINA, GREECE SP Soc Free Radical Res C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1071-5762 J9 FREE RADICAL RES JI Free Radic. Res. PY 2003 VL 37 SU 1 BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 706NA UT WOS:000184458700132 ER PT J AU Ayyagari, V Januszkiewicz, A Nath, J AF Ayyagari, V Januszkiewicz, A Nath, J TI Cellular changes in human bronchial epithelial cells upon acute exposure to nitrogen dioxide: Involvemt of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide SO FREE RADICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting on Free Radicals and Oxidative Stress CY 2003 CL LOANNINA, GREECE SP Soc Free Radical Res C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resp Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1071-5762 J9 FREE RADICAL RES JI Free Radic. Res. PY 2003 VL 37 SU 1 BP 94 EP 94 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 706NA UT WOS:000184458700157 ER PT S AU Cardello, AV Schutz, HG AF Cardello, AV Schutz, HG BE Cadwallader, KR Weenen, H TI The concept of food freshness: Uncovering its meaning and importance to consumers SO FRESHNESS AND SHELF LIFE OF FOODS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 222nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 26-31, 2001 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Chem Soc ID QUALITY; FISH AB A series of conjoint analytic studies were conducted with civilian and military consumers in order to assess the factors that contribute to the concept of food freshness and the relative importance of freshness to other product variables. Respondents rated the freshness of 33 different food product concepts that varied in terms of food type, method of processing / preservation, retail source, etc. Respondents also rated their purchase interest for 28 food product concepts that varied in taste, price, healthfulness, safety, freshness, convenience, retail source, and brand type. Results showed the concept of freshness to be determined primarily by time from harvest/production and food type. Foods that were described as "minimally processed", e.g. by high pressure or pulsed electric fields, or "frozen and thawed" were rated as less fresh than refrigerated or frozen foods. The taste of the food was found to be the most important driver of purchase interest, with freshness having equal importance to such factors as convenience, healthfulness, and retail source. C1 USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, POET SS&TD, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Consumer Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Cardello, AV (reprint author), USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, POET SS&TD, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3801-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 836 BP 22 EP 41 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BW20G UT WOS:000181174600002 ER PT B AU Goldberg, AC Stann, B Gupta, N AF Goldberg, AC Stann, B Gupta, N GP ISIF TI Multispectral, hyperspectral, and three-dimensional imaging research at the US Army Research Laboratory SO FUSION 2003: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 08-11, 2003 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Informat Fus, CSSIP, Def Sci & Technol Org, USAF Off Res, British Aerosp, Univ Melbourne DE infrared; multispectral; AOTF; hyperspectral; LADAR AB We report on the development and application of multispectral infrared imaging technology to problems of interest to the U. S. military. For tactical applications, we show the application of dual-band infrared focal plane arrays to reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition. We describe the development of a new dual-band LWIR/LWIR focal plane array for detection of the disturbed soil features associated with buried land mines. We will describe the application of dual-band FPAs in the strategic defense arena by presenting dual-band MWIR/LWIR imagery of commercial launch vehicles that shows the utility of such an FPA for a sensor in a boost-phase interceptor. In addition, we describe the development of acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTF) for hyperspectral imaging in the MWIR and LWIR bands. These devices hold the promise of producing hyperspectral infrared imagers that are considerably smaller and lighter than current systems. The AOTF allows completely electronic spectral scanning for fast access to a discrete set of narrow spectral bands. We will discuss ARL's efforts in developing a novel scanerless laser radar (LADAR) system based on the frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) technique. This "flash" LADAR system uses a focal plane array to image the return signals from chirped pulses from a solid state laser to determine both 2D image and range information about a target. This data can then be used to construct a 3-dimensional picture of the target. C1 USA, Res Lab, EO IR Technol Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Goldberg, AC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, EO IR Technol Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Gupta, Neelam/B-8702-2013 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT SOC INFORMATION FUSION PI SUNNYVALE PA PO BOX 70188, SUNNYVALE, CA 94086 USA PY 2003 BP 499 EP 506 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY76Z UT WOS:000189458800069 ER PT S AU Garrett, GA Sampath, AV Collins, CJ Sernendy, F Aliberti, K Shen, H Wraback, M Fedyunin, Y Moustakas, TD AF Garrett, GA Sampath, AV Collins, CJ Sernendy, F Aliberti, K Shen, H Wraback, M Fedyunin, Y Moustakas, TD BE Wetzel, C Yu, ET Speck, JS Arakawa, Y TI Subpicosecond luminescence studies of carrier dynamics in nitride semiconductors grown homoepitaxially by MBE on GaN templates SO GAN AND RELATED ALLOYS-2002 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on GaN and Related Alloys held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-06, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID TIME-RESOLVED PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; ALLOYS AB A new technique is presented that employs luminescence downconversion using an ultrashort gating pulse to enable the characterization of UV light emission from III-nitride semiconductors with subpicosecond temporal resolution. This technique also allows one to measure PL rise times and fast components of multiple decays in the subsequent time evolution of the PL intensity. Comparison of luminescence emission intensity and lifetime in GaN and AlGaN with similar to0.1 Al content grown homoepitaxially on GaN templates with the same quantities measured in heteroepitaxial layers grown on sapphire indicate significant improvement in the homoepitaxial layers due to reduction in dislocation density. Fast (<15 ps) initial decays in the AlGaN are attributed to localization associated with alloy fluctuations and subsequent recombination through gap states. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL,SE,EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Garrett, GA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL,SE,EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Moustakas, Theodore/D-9249-2016 OI Moustakas, Theodore/0000-0001-8556-884X NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-680-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 743 BP 349 EP 354 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BW93L UT WOS:000183700100056 ER PT S AU Clarke, FW Ho, FD Khan, MA Simin, G Yang, J Gaska, R Shur, MS Deng, JY Karmalkar, S AF Clarke, FW Ho, FD Khan, MA Simin, G Yang, J Gaska, R Shur, MS Deng, JY Karmalkar, S BE Wetzel, C Yu, ET Speck, JS Arakawa, Y TI Gate current modeling for insulating gate III-N heterostructure field-effect transistors SO GAN AND RELATED ALLOYS-2002 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on GaN and Related Alloys held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-06, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Gate current plays an important role in determining the characteristics and limiting performance of GaN-based field effect transistors. In GaN-based HFETs, the gate current limits the gate voltage swing and, hence, the maximum device current. Since the electron transport across the wide band gap barrier layer involves trapping, under certain bias conditions, the gate current leads to the threshold voltage shifts and causes reliability problems. Under reverse bias, the gate leakage in GaN-based HFET dominates the minimum (pinch-off) drain current. Insulating gate HFETs (i.e. Metal Oxide Heterostructure Field Effect Transistors - MOSHFETs) have the gate leakage currents 4 - 6 orders of magnitude lower than HFETs, even at elevated temperatures up to 300 degreesC. In this paper, we report on the gate current characteristics in these devices at room and elevated temperatures. We propose a semi-empirical model for the current-voltage characteristics in these devices, which is in good agreement with experimental data. Our data also show that both tunneling and temperature activation are important factors in MOSHFETs. These results are important for possible applications of GaN MOSHFETs in high power amplifiers and power switches as well as in non-volatile memory devices and integrated circuits that will operate in a much wider temperature range than conventional silicon and GaAs devices. C1 USA, Space & Missile Def Command Tech Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Clarke, FW (reprint author), USA, Space & Missile Def Command Tech Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. RI Shur, Michael/A-4374-2016 OI Shur, Michael/0000-0003-0976-6232 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-680-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 743 BP 561 EP 566 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BW93L UT WOS:000183700100090 ER PT S AU Wraback, M Shen, H Sampath, AV Collins, CJ Garrett, GA Sarney, WL Fedyunin, Y Cabalu, J Moustakas, TD AF Wraback, M Shen, H Sampath, AV Collins, CJ Garrett, GA Sarney, WL Fedyunin, Y Cabalu, J Moustakas, TD BE Ng, HM Wraback, M Hiramatsu, K Grandjean, N TI Time-resolved reflectivity studies of electric field effects in III-nitride semiconductors SO GAN AND RELATED ALLOYS - 2003 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on GaN and Related Alloys held at the MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 2003 CL Boston, MA ID FILMS; GAN; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; VELOCITY AB Comparison of room temperature, frequency degenerate and nondegenerate femtosecond pump-probe reflectivity measurements reveal an additional component in the transient reflectivity (DeltaR) decays for near bandgap probe in GaN that is attributed to a reduction of bandedge broadening due to screening of internal electric fields by photogenerated carriers. Pump-probe measurements with pulses spectrally centered at 363 nm show a DeltaR component with a nanosecond decay time that is essentially absent from data obtained from nondegenerate experiments performed under identical pumping conditions, but with a probe at 385 nm far enough from the baridedges to minimize the electric field contribution and monitor primarily the carrier lifetime in the band states. The observation of significantly shorter decay times for 385 nm probe suggests that the carriers leave the band states on a picosecond time scale, but the slow decay of the field screening observed with 363 nm probe implies that they recombine from trap states at longer times. In addition, this field screening provides a mechanism for generation and detection of strain pulses in strained GaN and AlGaN epilayers that is used to measure the longitudinal sound velocity in bulk GaN and AlGaN with up to 0.4 Al content. C1 USA, AMSRD, ARL,SE,EM, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wraback, M (reprint author), USA, AMSRD, ARL,SE,EM, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Moustakas, Theodore/D-9249-2016 OI Moustakas, Theodore/0000-0001-8556-884X NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-736-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 798 BP 607 EP 612 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAF49 UT WOS:000222017200098 ER PT S AU Worsham, PL Roy, C AF Worsham, PL Roy, C BE Skurnik, M Bengoechea, JA Granfors, K TI Pestoides F, a yersinia pestis strain lacking plasminogen activator, is Virulent by the aerosol route SO GENUS YERSINIA: ENTERING THE FUNCTIONAL GENOMIC ERA SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Yersinia CY SEP 04-08, 2002 CL TURKU, FINLAND SP Univ Turku, Turku Microbiol Soc C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Worsham, PL (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 3 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-47759-9 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2003 VL 529 BP 129 EP 131 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BW75U UT WOS:000183072900025 PM 12756743 ER PT S AU Harrison, JF Roper, WE Gomez, R AF Harrison, JF Roper, WE Gomez, R BE Fuast, NL Roper, WE TI Earth-observing hyperspectral imaging systems: A 2003 survey SO GEO-SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL IMAGE AND DATA EXPLOITATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Geo-Spatial and Temporal Image and Data Exploitation III CY APR 21-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE hyper-spectral; spectrometry; airborne platforms; space borne platforms; spectral resolution; spectral range; hyper-spectral sensors AB A wide variety of hyper-spectral (HS) sensors and collection platforms are in existence. This paper investigates hyperspectral imaging systems (HIS) worldwide in order to compose a comprehensive listing of these systems. A meta-data structure was developed to identify basic parameter information for all sensors that were reviewed. Systems were grouped into two primary categories of space borne and air borne. Sensors were further grouped into three types of imaging spectrometers; whiskbroom line array band interleaved by pixel, push broom area array band interleaved by line and framing camera band sequential methodology. Several sensor systems are presented using the meta-data structure and parameters developed for the analysis. A summary table identifying all sensor systems that were evaluated is presented. Applications include geo-environmental studies, aerosol release, materials identification, agricultural studies, atmospheric studies, and many others. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, Terrain Anal Branch, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Harrison, JF (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, Terrain Anal Branch, 7701 Telegraph Rd, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4957-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5097 BP 222 EP 232 DI 10.1117/12.502592 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX48K UT WOS:000185395500024 ER PT J AU Pearce, JT Pazzaglia, FJ Evenson, EB Lawson, DE Alley, RB Germanoski, D Denner, JD AF Pearce, JT Pazzaglia, FJ Evenson, EB Lawson, DE Alley, RB Germanoski, D Denner, JD TI Bedload component of glacially discharged sediment: Insights from the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bedload; sediment yield; sediment transport; glacial erosion; Matanuska Glacier; Alaska ID EROSION; RATES AB The flux of glacially derived bedload and the proportions of the suspended and bedload components carried by proglacial streams are highly debated. Published data indicate a large range-from <30% to >75%-in the bedload percentage of the total load. Two "vents," where supercooled subglacial meltwater and sediment are discharged, were sampled over the course of an entire melt season in order to quantify the flux of glacially delivered bedload at the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska. The bedload component contributed by these vents, for the one melt season monitored, is negligible. Furthermore, the bedload fluxes appear to be strongly supply limited, as shown by the poorly correlated discharge, bedload-flux magnitude, and grain-size caliber. Thus, in this case, any attempt to employ a predictive quantitative expression for coarse-sediment production based on discharge alone would be inaccurate. A nonglaciated basin proximal to the Matanuska Glacier terminus yielded higher bedload sediment fluxes and larger clast sizes than delivered by the two monitored vents. Such nonglaciated basins should not be overlooked as potentially major sources of coarse bedload that is reworked and incorporated into valley outwash. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Richardson, AK 99505 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Lafayette Coll, Dept Geol & Environm Geosci, Easton, PA 18042 USA. US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. RP Pearce, JT (reprint author), William Lettis & Associates, 1777 Botelho Dr,Suite 262, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 7 EP 10 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0007:BCOGDS>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 632UH UT WOS:000180241200002 ER PT J AU Baker, GS Strasser, JC Evenson, EB Lawson, DE Pyke, K Bigl, RA AF Baker, GS Strasser, JC Evenson, EB Lawson, DE Pyke, K Bigl, RA TI Near-surface seismic reflection profiling of the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FREEZE-ON MECHANISM; RICH BASAL ICE; BEDROCK SURFACE; SHALLOW; USA; ALLUVIUM; FAULT AB Several common-midpoint seismic reflection profiles collected on the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska, clearly demonstrate the feasibility of collecting high-quality, high-resolution near-surface reflection data on a temperate glacier. ne results indicate that high-resolution seismic reflection can be used to accurately determine the thickness and horizontal distribution of debris-rich ice at the base of the glacier. The basal ice thickens about 30% over a 300-m distance as the glacier flows out of an overdeepening. The reflection events ranged from 80- to 140-m depth along the longitudinal axis of the glacier. The dominant reflection is from the contact between clean, englacial ice and the underlying debris-rich basal ice, but a strong characteristic reflection is also observed from the base of the debris-rich ice (bottom of the glacier). The P-wave propagation velocity at the surface and throughout the englacial ice is 3600 m/s, and the frequency content of the, reflections is in excess of 800 Hz. Supporting drilling data indicate that depth estimates are correct to within +/-1 m. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Augustana Coll, Dept Geol, Rock Isl, IL 61201 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Anchorage, AK 99505 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Baker, GS (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, 876 nat Sci Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 68 IS 1 BP 147 EP 156 DI 10.1190/1.1543202 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 644QR UT WOS:000180930700012 ER PT S AU Sattin, A Pekary, AE Lloyd, RL Paulson, M Meyerhoff, JA Hinkle, PM Faull, K AF Sattin, A Pekary, AE Lloyd, RL Paulson, M Meyerhoff, JA Hinkle, PM Faull, K BE Moghaddam, B Wolf, M TI TRH and related peptides - Homeostatic regulators of glutamate transmission? SO GLUTAMATE AND DISORDERS OF COGNITION AND MOTIVATION SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Glutamate and Disorders of Cognition and Motivation CY APR 13-15, 2003 CL NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT SP Acad Sci, Natl Inst Ment Mental, Eli Lilly & Co DE TRH; glutamate transmission; colocalization ID RAT-BRAIN; MECHANISM; RECEPTORS C1 Vet Adm Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Brain Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Psychol, Duluth, MN USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Pharmacol, Rochester, NY USA. RP Sattin, A (reprint author), Vet Adm Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, POB 84122, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. EM asattin@ucla.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-476-5 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 1003 BP 458 EP 460 DI 10.1196/annals.1300.053 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BY31Q UT WOS:000188893500058 PM 14684488 ER PT S AU Lanzerotti, Y Sharma, J AF Lanzerotti, Y Sharma, J BE Sen, S Hunt, ML Hurd, AJ TI Mechanical behavior of energetic materials during high acceleration SO GRANULAR MATERIAL-BASED TECHNOLOGIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Granular Material-Based Technologies held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-03, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Labs, US DOE, Schlumberger Res ID ULTRACENTRIFUGE AB The mechanical behavior of explosives subjected to high acceleration has been studied in an ultracentrifuge at -10degreesC and 25degreesC. Melt-cast TNAZ and pressed TNAZ, LX-14, Composition A3 Type II, PAX-2A, and PAX-3 have been studied. Failure occurs when the shear or tensile strength of the explosive is exceeded. The fracture acceleration of melt-cast TNAZ is greater than that of pressed TNAZ at -10degreesC and 25degreesC. The fracture acceleration of PAX-3 is greater than that of Composition A3 Type II at -10degreesC and 25degreesC. The fracture acceleration of melt-cast TNAZ and pressed TNAZ at -10degreesC is about 10% less than at 25degreesC. The fracture acceleration of PAX-3 at -10degreesC is about 2.6 times that at 25degreesC. The fracture acceleration of Composition A3 Type 11 at -10degreesC is about 1.7 times that at 25degreesC. C1 USA, TACOM, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Lanzerotti, Y (reprint author), USA, TACOM, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-696-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 759 BP 155 EP 159 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BX39M UT WOS:000185144300020 ER PT B AU Cheng, HP Lin, HC Richards, DR AF Cheng, HP Lin, HC Richards, DR BE Mishra, S TI A numerical strategy of decoupling the subsurface flow equations for regional scale hydrologic simulations SO GROUNDWATER QUALITY MODELING AND MANAGEMENT UNDER UNCERTAINTY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Probabilistic Approaches and Groundwater Modeling held at the 2003 EWRI World Congress CY JUN 23-25, 2003 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm & Water Resources Inst AB This paper presents a numerical strategy for decoupling the saturated/unsaturated subsurface flow equation to allow for computationally efficient, regional scale, hydrologic studies. Having the capability to solve 3-D subsurface flow equations is essential in dealing with issues of water management and contaminant transport in watershed systems. However, the computational effort needed to solve the fully 3-D subsurface flow equation often makes this task difficult and sometimes unaffordable for simulations containing large computational grids. Although neglecting the unsaturated zone would greatly reduce computational time, it may sacrifice computational accuracy and generate unreliable results. In the presented decoupling approach, we decompose the entire computational domain into two sub-domains with two decoupling interfaces based on the water table. The upper part includes the unsaturated zone and a portion of the saturated zone near the water table, while the lower part contains the entire saturated zone and a unsaturated region that is right above the water table. These two sub-domains overlap by one horizontal layer. Under the assumption that vertical flow dominates in the unsaturated zone, we solve I-D vertical flow equations for the upper part and compute 3-D flow for the lower part that is mostly saturated. Grid refinement may also be applied to each I-D domain to help alleviate convergence difficulty that is caused by nonlinear soil characteristics. Strong or weak coupling between the two sub-domains can be used for more accurate or more efficient solutions, respectively. In this paper, a hypothetic problem is employed for demonstration, in which a comparison between this decoupling approach and that solving the fully 3-D saturated/ unsaturated flow equation is made. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Cheng, HP (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0696-0 PY 2003 BP 313 EP 320 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Applied; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BAH23 UT WOS:000222207900029 ER PT S AU Simons, R Melzer, JE AF Simons, R Melzer, JE BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI HNID-based training for the US Army's AVCATT-A collective aviation training simulator SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VIII: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet and Head-Mounted Displays VIII CY APR 21-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE AVCATT-A; HMD; helicopter simulation and training; SIM EYE AB The Aviation Combined Arms Tactical Trainer - Aviation (AVCATT-A) reconfigurable manned simulator is the Army's newest helicopter training simulator. AVCATT-A is a dynamic reconfigurable system developed for use for combined arms collective training and mission rehearsal through a suite of networked simulators in a simulated battlefield environment. The main purpose of AVCATT-A is to effectively train aviation aircrews in a collective training environment. The AVCATT-A visual system is required to support realistic collective/combined arms training with the required fidelity to fly nap-of-the-earth (NOE) or conduct multi-ship operations. To meet this high level of expectation requires that the visual system be capable of performing all necessary collective tasks and supporting individual tasks with no negative training transfer or physical impacts on crewmembers. In addition to these stringent training requirements for the visual system, the AVCATT-A simulator must be reconfigurable for five different cockpits and be readily deployable. The solution was found in a combination of state-of-the-art technology where the standard projection dome is replaced by a combination of rear-screen projection displays and a Head-Mounted Display (HMD) which provides all the Out-The-Window (OTW) visual imagery. C1 USA, PEO STRI, AVCATT A, Orlando, FL USA. RP Simons, R (reprint author), USA, PEO STRI, AVCATT A, Orlando, FL USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4938-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5079 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1117/12.487192 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BX69N UT WOS:000186145700001 ER PT S AU Stelle, JA Reynolds, BS Rash, CE Peterson, RD Leduc, PA AF Stelle, JA Reynolds, BS Rash, CE Peterson, RD Leduc, PA BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI The role of the pilot's night vision system (PNVS) and the integrated helmet and display sighting system (IHADSS) in AH-64 Apache accidents SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VIII: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet and Head-Mounted Displays VIII CY APR 21-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE helmet-mounted display (ITAD); AH-64 accidents; integrated helmet and display sighting system (IHADSS); PNVS; FLIR AB Helmet-mounted displays (HMDs), while not new, are a unique method of providing pilotage and targeting imagery to aviators. Although there are a number of HMDs in various phases of design, the AH-64s Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System (IHADSS) is currently the Army's only fielded integrated HMD. A number of studies have investigated the visual and perceptual issues associated with the monocular optical design of the IHADSS in combination with the AH-64s forward looking infrared (FLIR) thermal sensor (Pilots Night Vision System - PNVS). While these systems have greatly enhanced the operational effectiveness of the AH-64, they have resulted in reports of physiological complaints, degraded visual cues, and both static and dynamic illusions. This study investigated the possible role the IHADSS HMD and PNVS may have played in AH-64 Apache accidents. A total of 217 AH-64 accidents (FY85-02) were analyzed and assigned causal factors associated with the use of the IHADSS and PNVS. The resulting analysis failed to identify any significant role between these systems and flight-related accidents. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL USA. RP Stelle, JA (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4938-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5079 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1117/12.485870 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BX69N UT WOS:000186145700004 ER PT S AU Fellowes, DA Draper, RS AF Fellowes, DA Draper, RS BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Near to eye display test station - Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VIII: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet and Head-Mounted Displays VIII CY APR 21-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE display; kinematic; optics; calibration; accuracy; measurement; helmet mounted displays (HMD's) AB In order to evaluate near-to-eye virtual displays with optics, Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate designed, developed, and integrated the Near to Eye Display Test Station (NDTS). The system utilizes kinematically interchangeable sensor heads to capitalize on the strengths of each sensor for the applications/measurements for which its best suited. The station allows the user to evaluate a near to eye display at a system level without separation of the eyepiece from the image source ("no disassembly required"). Mechanical, optical, electronics, and software components all needed to be carefully designed and integrated to maintain accuracy and precision above those required for display evaluation. Geometric and luminance internal calibration subsystems have been added to maintain these standards. The NDTS has been evaluated for its ability to test displays and display systems, and a number of systems have been characterized by the test station with results that can be correlated. C1 USA, CECOM, RDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Fellowes, DA (reprint author), USA, CECOM, RDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4938-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5079 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.1117/12.487767 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BX69N UT WOS:000186145700006 ER PT S AU Draper, RS Balogh, CD Robbins, SJ AF Draper, RS Balogh, CD Robbins, SJ BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Design considerations and preliminary performance evaluation for a technology demonstration off-the-visor wide field of view HMD SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VIII: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet and Head-Mounted Displays VIII CY APR 21-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE HMD; field of view; binocular; biocular; visor; alignment; resolution AB The U.S Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) evaluated a wide field of view HMD technology demonstrator developed by Kaiser Electronics. Primary performance and design characteristics addressed are total field of view, system contrast transfer function, eye box parameters, binocular alignment/stability, residual distortion and head borne mass. The I-MID technology demonstrator was designed and built within one year between 1999 to 2000 and was developed to prove novel design and fabrication concepts in the visor, relay optics, optical interfaces, and optical platform structure. The HMD technology demonstrator system is based on a modified HGU-55 helmet and utilizes a bifurcated visor design resulting in a total head borne weight of 4.11 lbs (including MBU-20P Oxygen mask). The system provides a maximum binocular field of view of 52.7degrees X 29.6degrees and binocular overlap of 29.5degrees with an on-axis limiting resolution of 0.76 cy/mr. The uncompensated binocular misalignment was less than 0.29 mr RMS horizontal and 0.24 mr RMS vertical. Other useful system characteristics include right/left independently adjustable IPD mechanisms and a visor/display retraction and removal mechanism operable with a single gloved hand. C1 USA, CECOM, RDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Draper, RS (reprint author), USA, CECOM, RDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4938-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5079 BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.1117/12.487859 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BX69N UT WOS:000186145700008 ER PT S AU Kalich, ME Rash, CE van de Pol, C Rowe, TL Lont, LM Peterson, R AF Kalich, ME Rash, CE van de Pol, C Rowe, TL Lont, LM Peterson, R BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Biocular image misalignment tolerance SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VIII: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet and Head-Mounted Displays VIII CY APR 21-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE biocular; image misalignment tolerance; helmet-mounted display (HMD); helmet integrated display sighting system (HIDSS) AB Biocular helmet-mounted display (HMD) design flexibility and cost are directly related to image Misalignment tolerance standards. Currently recommended tolerance levels are based on highly variable data from a number of studies. This paper presents progress of an ongoing study to evaluate optometric measures sensitive to misalignment in partial-overlap biocular optical systems like that proposed for the Comanche RAH-66 helicopter helmet integrated display sighting system (HIDSS). Horizontal divergent and relative vertical misalignments (offsets) of see-through biocular symbology viewed against a simulated daytime background were chosen for this study. Misalignments within and just beyond current tolerance recommendations were evaluated using pre, pre and post, and during measures of visual performance. Data were obtained from seven experimental and four control subjects. The diplopia responses from experimental and control subjects were essentially the same. However, accommodative facility showed a rate decrement following exposure to both types of misalignment. Horizontal heterophorias showed definite post-misalignment increases. Subject responses to questionnaires universally indicated increased adaptation to (ease with) visual tasks over the testing period. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL USA. RP Kalich, ME (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4938-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5079 BP 284 EP 295 DI 10.1117/12.485926 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BX69N UT WOS:000186145700028 ER PT S AU Stelle, JA Rash, CE Rostad, RJ AF Stelle, JA Rash, CE Rostad, RJ BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Roll head motion in rotary-wing flight with helmet-mounted displays SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VIII: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet and Head-Mounted Displays VIII CY APR 21-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE helmet-mounted displays (HMDs); head motion; head position; head tracking; roll (tilt) AB In spite of an immense increase in interest in helmet-mounted displays (HMDs) over the pass two decades, there have been few studies on head motion while using HMDs in operational flight. Rotary-wing flights conducted using a number of HMD configurations have resulted in a head position database that will be useful in filling this void. Various analysis techniques have been applied to investigate characteristics of roll (tilt) head position distributions for a slalom flight maneuver for four visual environments: good visual environment (daytime, unaided), night vision goggles, HMD with thermal imagery, and HMD with thermal imagery and symbology. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Stelle, JA (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Box 620577, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4938-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5079 BP 382 EP 398 DI 10.1117/12.485874 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BX69N UT WOS:000186145700036 ER PT J AU Christopher, E Bedir, E Dunbar, C Khan, IA Okunji, CO Schuster, BM Iwu, MM AF Christopher, E Bedir, E Dunbar, C Khan, IA Okunji, CO Schuster, BM Iwu, MM TI Indoloquinazoline alkaloids from Araliopsis tabouensis SO HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article AB Three new indoloquinazolidine-type alkaloids, 8,13-dihydro-2-methoxyindolo[2',3': 3,4]pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolin-5(7H)-one (1), 8,13-dihydro-2-methoxy-13-methylindolo[2',3':3,4]pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolin-5(7H)-one (2), and 5,8,13,14-tetrahydro-2-methoxy-14-methyl-5-oxo-7H-indolo[2',3':3,4]pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolim-6-iun chloride (3) were isolated from Araliopsis tabouensis, together with three known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were determined primarily from 1D- and 2D-NMR analysis. The antimalarial activities of compounds 1-5 were evaluated against Plasmodium falciparum D6 and W2 clones. The IC50 values in antimalarial bioassay for compounds 2-5 varied from 1.8 to 4.7 mug/ml. C1 Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. Int Ctr Ethnomed & Drug Dev, Nsukka, Nigeria. Bioresources Dev & Conservat Programme, Silver Spring, MD 20902 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Khan, IA (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, University, MS 38677 USA. EM rikhan@olemiss.edu OI Bedir, Erdal/0000-0003-1262-063X NR 9 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0018-019X J9 HELV CHIM ACTA JI Helv. Chim. Acta PY 2003 VL 86 IS 8 BP 2914 EP 2918 DI 10.1002/hlca.200390239 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 721FA UT WOS:000185305300019 ER PT S AU Cheng, JRC Plassmann, PE AF Cheng, JRC Plassmann, PE BE Palma, JML Dongarra, J Hernandez, V Sousa, AA TI An a posteriori error estimator for adaptive mesh refinement using parallel in-element particle tracking methods SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING FOR COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - VECPAR 2002 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Performance Computing for Computational Science (VECPAR 2002) CY JUN 26-28, 2002 CL UNIV PORTO, OPORTO, PORTUGAL HO UNIV PORTO ID TRANSPORT-EQUATIONS; ADVECTION; STRATEGY; SCHEMES AB Particle tracking methods are a versatile computational technique central to the simulation of a wide range of scientific applications. In this paper we present an a posteriori error estimator for adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) using particle tracking methods. The approach uses a parallel computing framework, the "in-element" particle tracking method, based on the assumption that particle trajectories are computed by problem data localized to individual elements. Adaptive mesh refinement is used to control the mesh discretization errors along computed characteristics of the particle trajectories. Traditional a posteriori error estimators for AMR methods inherit flaws from the discrete solution of time-marching partial differential equations (PDEs)-particularly for advection/convection-dominated transport applications. To address this problem we introduce a new a posteriori error estimator based on particle tracking methods. We present experimental results that detail the performance of a parallel implementation of this particle method approach for a two-dimensional, time-marching convection-diffusion benchmark problem on an unstructured, adaptive mesh. C1 USA, Informat Technol Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Res Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Cheng, JRC (reprint author), USA, Informat Technol Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00852-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2565 BP 94 EP 107 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BX25X UT WOS:000184775400007 ER PT B AU Ray, JC Velazquez, GI Lamanna, AJ Bank, LC AF Ray, JC Velazquez, GI Lamanna, AJ Bank, LC BE Azizinamini, A Yakel, A Abdelrahman, M TI Rapidly installed fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) plates for upgrade of reinforced concrete bridges for the military SO HIGH PERFORMANCE MATERIALS IN BRIDGES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on High Performance Materials in Bridges CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 2001 CL Kona, HI SP United Engn Fdn, Natl Bridge Org AB The U.S. military must often deploy to other countries where bridges may have insufficient strength for their heavy tactical vehicles. Strong and lightweight Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials have been shown to be useful for strengthening reinforced concrete bridges. However, to be useful by the military, an upgrade method must be fast and easy to use, two characteristics that are not usually associated with FRP materials. An effort is currently underway at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) to develop alternative rapid application methodologies for FRP materials to strengthen reinforced concrete bridges. The most promising technique to emerge has been the use of mechanical fasteners (i.e. nails) to attach FRP plates to the bottom of the beams, in place of the conventional adhesive bonding techniques. This paper provides an overview of an extensive series of flexural tests conducted on beams retrofitted with FRP plates using the mechanical fastening technique. The tests showed that strength gains close to that expected from conventionally-bonded FRP can be obtained and the failure mode is actually much more ductile than with conventional FRP upgrades. Results of several analytical parametric studies are also presented and provide insight into the effect of variations in material and geometric properties of the upgraded beams. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ray, JC (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0691-X PY 2003 BP 359 EP 373 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BAG66 UT WOS:000222114200032 ER PT S AU Ray, JC Armstrong, BJ Slawson, TR AF Ray, JC Armstrong, BJ Slawson, TR GP TRB TI Airblast environment beneath a bridge overpass SO HIGHWAY PAVEMENTS AND STRUCTURES MAINENANCE AND SECURITY: MAINTENANCE SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 82nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 12-16, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, Bur Transportat Stat, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Fed Railroad Adm, Fed Transit Adm, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Res & Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA AB As engineers move into the somewhat new field of assessing vulnerability to terrorist threats, they need to understand the toots available to them and the associated limitations. To facilitate this understanding, an overview of the basic categories of prediction methods for airblast loadings from bomb detonations is presented. The complex problem of bomb detonation beneath an overpass bridge-an area that is semi-enclosed and where numerous reflecting surfaces exist-is used to aid the discussion and to highlight the importance of using the appropriate prediction methods and tools to address problems. Results from three prediction methods are compared. The high-fidelity Second-Order Hydrodynamic Automatic Mesh Refinement Code appears to be superior to the Conventional Weapon Effects Predictions and BlastX codes in terms of accuracy for use in complex environments such as that beneath a bridge, but the complexity, cost, and time required for use of this method make it prohibitive in most cases. The use of more economical and less accurate methods may suffice as long as their limitations are understood and appropriately accounted for in the analytical process. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ray, JC (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Hall Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-08560-8 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2003 IS 1827 BP 63 EP 68 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BX74H UT WOS:000186288100008 ER PT S AU Baylot, JT Ray, JC Hall, RL AF Baylot, JT Ray, JC Hall, RL GP TRB TI Prediction method for response of steel bridge beams and girders to blast and fragment loads SO HIGHWAY PAVEMENTS AND STRUCTURES MAINENANCE AND SECURITY: MAINTENANCE SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 82nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 12-16, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, Bur Transportat Stat, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Fed Railroad Adm, Fed Transit Adm, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Res & Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA AB The military requires methods of predicting the response of steel bridge beams and girders to blast and fragment loads. The methods must provide quick answers to analysts who have very little experience, if any, in the blast response of structures. Similar tools also would be beneficial to transportation engineers who must evaluate bridges against terrorist events. Because data on the response of these beams to blast and fragments are extremely limited, finite element simulations were performed to create a numerical database that includes the typical range of steel bridge and girder dimensions. The simulation results were used to determine the loading characteristics that significantly affect the response. Loading characteristics were reduced to a load measure, a single number that can be easily computed for any combination of fragment and blast loads. H the load measure is exceeded for a given combination of blast and fragment loads, then beam failure is predicted. A computer code was developed to predict fragment and blast loads from conventional weapons and to determine the load measure for any given load case so an analyst with knowledge of weapon and beam geometry can easily predict whether a beam will fail. Model development and validation are presented. The model was developed to predict the response of bridge beams and girders to conventional weapons but could be extended to a model for predicting the response to terrorist weapons. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Baylot, JT (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-08560-8 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2003 IS 1827 BP 69 EP 74 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BX74H UT WOS:000186288100009 ER PT S AU Braun, JH AF Braun, JH BE Moulin, H Elder, DC TI Redstone's first flight - Success or failure? SO HISTORY OF ROCKETRY AND ASTRONAUTICS SE AAS HISTORY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th History Symposium of the International-Academy-of-Astronautics CY 1996 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Acad Astronaut C1 USA, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 0730-3564 BN 0-87703-498-2 J9 AAS HIST S PY 2003 VL 25 BP 81 EP 91 PG 11 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BW79S UT WOS:000183201800006 ER PT J AU Priest, RF Thein, MT AF Priest, RF Thein, MT TI Humor appreciation in marriage: Spousal similarity, assortative mating, and disaffection SO HUMOR-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE couples; homogamy; humor appreciation; marital disaffection ID INTERPERSONAL-ATTRACTION; SATISFACTION; GENDER AB People consider humor important in choosing a date or a mate. One way to assess the impact of any trait on mate selection is to examine the similarity of partners in those traits. Research has established that married couples are similar on many attributes such as age, race, and religion, but surprisingly, no study has established the extent of couple similarity in appreciation for humor. The current study was designed to address this issue. In addition, anecdotes about the value in humor in marriage suggest a need to study whether a couple's similarity of appreciation for humor is associated with marital satisfaction. Murstein and Brust (1985) found that dating couples with a similar appreciation for a set of jokes and cartoons tend to have higher feelings of liking and love. We investigated the same issue with a community sample of 100 married couple volunteers who rated a set of 20 jokes and cartoons from the Humor Quotient Test (HQT: Grawe 1994), and a 21 item Marital Disaffection scale (MD: Kayser 1996). The results show that between couples there are significant differences in appreciation for the humor and in marital disaffection, but within couples there is moderate agreement with the spouse in both humor appreciation and disaffection. In contrast to the results of Murstein and Brust, we found only a weak and nonsignificant relation between couple similarity of humor appreciation and marital disaffection. Although couples who are in marital counseling may dislike their spouse's sense of humor (Rust and Goldstein 1989), for many couples similarity in humor appreciation does not appear to be a factor in marital affection. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Priest, RF (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0933-1719 J9 HUMOR JI Humor-Int. J. Humor Res. PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 BP 63 EP 78 DI 10.1515/humr.2003.005 PG 16 WC Language & Linguistics; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Linguistics; Psychology GA 679FB UT WOS:000182909100003 ER PT B AU Kirby, SF AF Kirby, SF BE Arabnia, HR Mun, Y TI A Java web services tool for discovering the (current) best weather forecast data SO IC'03: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERNET COMPUTING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Internet Computing (IC 03) CY JUN 23-26, 2003 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE Java web services; XML; JAXP; JSP; weather model ensembles/weighted ensembles; statistical analysis AB A software tool is being developed which will provide users with the most up-to-date statistical information on the current performance of four mesoscale weather models.. Through a Java Server Pages (JSP) generated interface, users will be able to initiate single model runs as well as weighted ensembles whereby the model which performs best (i.e., the lowest root mean square error for a particular parameter when compared to ground truth data) is given the highest weight and vice-versa. These model output statistics will be automatically converted to eXtensible Modeling Language (XML) format before being stored in the XML database used for this development, "eXist". Client side, a user will then be able to query the eXist database, via Axis, the 3(rd) generation Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) to discover whether a model or a weighted ensemble is currently providing the most accurate data. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI EB, CISD,BED, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. RP Kirby, SF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI EB, CISD,BED, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-02-5 PY 2003 BP 200 EP 205 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BX99Z UT WOS:000187206600030 ER PT B AU Selvakkumaran, N Karypis, G AF Selvakkumaran, N Karypis, G GP IEEE TI Multi-objective hypergraph partitioning algorithms for cut and maximum subdomain degree minimization SO ICCAD-2003: IEEE/ACM DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD 2003) CY NOV 09-13, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, SIG DA, EDS, SSCS DE partitioning; maximum subdomain degree; placement; congestion AB In this paper we present a family of multi-objective hypergraph partitioning algorithms based on the multilevel paradigm, which are capable of producing solutions in which both the cut and the maximum subdomain degree are simultaneously minimized. This type of partitionings are critical for existing and emerging applications in VLSI CAD as they allow to both minimize and evenly distribute the interconnects across the physical devices. Our experimental evaluation on the ISPD98 benchmark show that our algorithms produce solutions that when compared against those produced by hMETIS have a maximum subdomain degree that is reduced by up to 35% while achieving comparable quality in terms of cut. C1 Univ Minnesota, USA, HPC Res Ctr, Dept Comp Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Selvakkumaran, N (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USA, HPC Res Ctr, Dept Comp Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 1-58113-762-1 PY 2003 BP 726 EP 733 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BY35J UT WOS:000189006100109 ER PT J AU Jarvis, LP Cygan, PJ Roberts, MP AF Jarvis, LP Cygan, PJ Roberts, MP TI Hybrid power source for manportable applications SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB In this paper, we present the results of work with a hybrid power system made of a fuel cell and rechargeable battery with pulse power capability. This hybrid power source successfully ran pulse power load based on the power profile of the present and future manportable military electronics and communications equipment. The hybrid consisted of a 35 W Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) stack in parallel with a Li-Ion battery. In this work two cyclic load scenarios were utilized. Each consisted of a baseline load for 9 minutes followed by a higher pulse load for 1 minute: One test profile consisted of 20W (baseline)/40W (pulse) load, whereas, the second was 25W/50W. Under both scenarios, the hybrid provided significant enhancements in performance over the individual components tested separately. These results are discussed and analyzed. Also discussed are possible future implications of such technology and approach. C1 USA, CECOM Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Jarvis, LP (reprint author), USA, CECOM Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 2 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 18 IS 1 BP 13 EP 16 DI 10.1109/MAES.2003.1167324 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 634HT UT WOS:000180334500003 ER PT J AU Zyda, M Hiles, J Mayberry, A Wardynski, C Capps, M Osborn, B Shilling, R Robaszewski, M Davis, M AF Zyda, M Hiles, J Mayberry, A Wardynski, C Capps, M Osborn, B Shilling, R Robaszewski, M Davis, M TI Entertainment R&D for defense SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB We discuss America's Army, an Internet-based PC game suite developed by the Moves Institute under the auspices of the US Army. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Moves Inst, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. US Mil Acad, Off Econ & Manpower Anal, W Point, NY USA. Epic Games, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Zyda, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Moves Inst, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 6 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1109/MCG.2003.1159611 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 630UK UT WOS:000180128000006 ER PT B AU Weiss, S Adler, E Kilic, O Viveiros, E Dahlstrom, R AF Weiss, S Adler, E Kilic, O Viveiros, E Dahlstrom, R GP IEEE IEEE TI A multifunctional Ka-band electronic scanning antenna (ESA) SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY 2003 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY OCT 14-17, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB A future goal of the Army is to deploy a highly mobile force that is more survivable and lethal than today's heavy tank centric force structure. These future goals can be met by simultaneously removing some of the tank's armor, significantly reducing the weight, and enabling a millimeter wave (mmW) multifunction sensor that includes an active protection function. With the paramount need of enabling an advanced sensor in mind, the Army Research Laboratory is developing a multifunction RF (MFRF) system with a common electronic scanning antenna (ESA) that will perform the functions of target acquisition and tracking, high data rate communications, combat ID, weapons guidance and active protection. The motivation of this mmW sensor is to mitigate the target acquisition, identification and communication timelines in the complex electromagnetic environments encountered in tactical situations. This paper presents an overview of the ESA and some measured results from a first prototype. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Weiss, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Power Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7827-X PY 2003 BP 371 EP 376 DI 10.1109/PAST.2003.1257010 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BX97B UT WOS:000187062300063 ER PT B AU Reynolds, CW AF Reynolds, CW GP IEEE IEEE TI An undergraduate information assurance curriculum SO IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS SOCIETY INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 18-20, 2003 CL UNITED STATES MIL ACAD, W POINT, NY SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc HO UNITED STATES MIL ACAD DE information assurance; curricular design AB Recognizing that most information assurance education programs are intended for professional graduate students, this paper investigates whether a curriculum can be designed for undergraduates who desire entry level positions in information assurance. We will find that this task must be constrained before it can be solved and so, for that reason, will specify four requirements that our undergraduate curriculum will satisfy. We then propose and illustrate a five step design process that investigates the learning objectives, course structure, and assessment of an undergraduate information assurance curriculum. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Reynolds, CW (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7808-3 PY 2003 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1109/SMCSIA.2003.1232394 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BX55F UT WOS:000185660300002 ER PT B AU Ragsdale, DJ Lathrop, SD Dodge, RC AF Ragsdale, DJ Lathrop, SD Dodge, RC GP IEEE IEEE TI A virtual environment for IA education SO IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS SOCIETY INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 18-20, 2003 CL UNITED STATES MIL ACAD, W POINT, NY SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc HO UNITED STATES MIL ACAD DE information assurance; information warfare; information assurance education; vulnerability assessment AB With the increased potential of a bona fide cyber terrorist attack and the possibility of a future "war in the wires", we must continue to improve the education, training, and resourcing of individuals responsible for defending our national borders-whether those borders be physical or electronic. The Information Analysis and Research (IWAR) laboratory at the United States Military Academy (USMA) has proven to be an exceptional resource for such an education for our students and faculty studying information warfare and information assurance. The lab has also been successful in motivating the need for continued education and training in this area on a much larger scope. A recent initiative, the Virtual Information Assurance Network (VIAN) allows its to provide a robust and fully configurable network for each student to administerin the pursuit of Information Assurance mastery-contained on a single computer! This paper justifies why information warfare labs are necessary, describes the phenomenon that is occurring as a result of the IWAR lab, explains the current configuration, and presents lessons learned that others might rise in designing an Information Warfare laboratory. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Ragsdale, DJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7808-3 PY 2003 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1109/SMCSIA.2003.1232395 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BX55F UT WOS:000185660300003 ER PT B AU Ray, C AF Ray, C GP IEEE IEEE TI A modest proposal: Licensing personal computers and Internet service providers SO IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS SOCIETY INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 18-20, 2003 CL UNITED STATES MIL ACAD, W POINT, NY SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc HO UNITED STATES MIL ACAD DE computer security; licensing; operating systems; software maintenance AB As the threat to the Internet at large from poorly configured or maintained personal computers continues to increase it is increasingly important to consider ways to 'harden' these machines. By adopting a model based on the already familiar requirement for licensing and safety checks for individually owned vehicles operated on public thoroughfares it may be possible to facilitate the public policy debate and gain mass acceptance in a relatively short span of time. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Comp Sci Program, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Ray, C (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Comp Sci Program, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7808-3 PY 2003 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1109/SMCSIA.2003.1232414 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BX55F UT WOS:000185660300022 ER PT B AU Barlow, DA Vassiliou, V Owen, HL AF Barlow, DA Vassiliou, V Owen, HL GP IEEE IEEE TI A cryptographic protocol to protect MPLS labels SO IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS SOCIETY INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 18-20, 2003 CL UNITED STATES MIL ACAD, W POINT, NY SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc HO UNITED STATES MIL ACAD DE MPLS; cryptographic; ISP; encryption AB We have designed a cryptographic protocol to protect the Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) header used in an Internet Service Provider (ISP) network. This protocol protects the MPLS header primarily against tampering for purposes of hijacking ISP resources. Secondary goals are protection against replay attack and traffic analysis of ISP traffic. The protocol is fast so as to minimize delay introduced into the high-speed MPLS routers. We use the Blowfish encryption algorithm in our encryption system, and smart cards and the Diffie-Hellman protocol in our key distribution system. C1 USMA, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY USA. RP Barlow, DA (reprint author), USMA, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7808-3 PY 2003 BP 237 EP 242 DI 10.1109/SMCSIA.2003.1232428 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BX55F UT WOS:000185660300036 ER PT B AU Phillips, CE Demurjian, SA Ting, TC AF Phillips, CE Demurjian, SA Ting, TC GP IEEE IEEE TI Security assurance for an RBAC/MAC security model SO IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS SOCIETY INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 18-20, 2003 CL UNITED STATES MIL ACAD, W POINT, NY SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc HO UNITED STATES MIL ACAD AB Corporations and government agencies rely on inter-operating software artifacts (e.g., legacy, COTS, GOTS, databases, servers, etc.) and client applications, brought together by middleware (e.g., CORBA, JINI, NET, etc.), supporting unrestricted access to application programmer interfaces, APIs. As part of our ongoing research, we have designed and prototyped a unified role-based/mandatory access control (RBAC/MAC) security model with delegation and enforcement to control access by users (via clients) to the methods of artifact APIs, namely: who (user/client) can invoke which methods of artifact APIs at what times. Underlying our RBAC/MAC framework are security assurance rules, SARs, which provide a confidence level on the attainment of an application's security policy. In this paper, we focus on the formal underpinnings of our security assurance research, its realization during security policy definition with management tools, and at runtime by the enforcement framework. C1 US Mil Acad, EE&CS Dept, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Phillips, CE (reprint author), US Mil Acad, EE&CS Dept, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7808-3 PY 2003 BP 260 EP 267 DI 10.1109/SMCSIA.2003.1232431 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BX55F UT WOS:000185660300039 ER PT B AU Cole, JL AF Cole, JL GP IEEE IEEE TI IEEE information assurance activities SO IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS SOCIETY INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 18-20, 2003 CL UNITED STATES MIL ACAD, W POINT, NY SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc HO UNITED STATES MIL ACAD C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI HN, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Cole, JL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI HN, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7808-3 PY 2003 BP 294 EP 295 DI 10.1109/SMCSIA.2003.1232438 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BX55F UT WOS:000185660300046 ER PT J AU Barber, JP Bauer, DP Jamison, K Parker, JV Stefani, F Zielinski, A AF Barber, JP Bauer, DP Jamison, K Parker, JV Stefani, F Zielinski, A TI A survey of armature transition mechanisms SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium pm Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 14-17, 2002 CL LA COUPOLE, FRANCE DE electrodynamic effects; melt wave; railgun; sliding contact; transition ID RAIL INTERFACE; SOLID ARMATURE; MODEL AB Over the last two decades, several mechanisms of armature transition have been postulated. Each mechanism has been subjected to experimental and analytic examination with the objective of "explaining" transition. However, no single mechanism has emerged as the consensus cause of transition. In this paper, we take the position that all the mechanisms that have been identified, and perhaps others which have not yet been, contribute to and may be mutually influenced by those processes leading to the onset of transition. Our inability to correlate transition with a single mechanism, or model, results from the multiplicity of mechanisms at work. We examine all the mechanisms identified to date, suggest several additional ones, and explore a more complex transition world in which. each transition event is potentially caused by a different mechanism or combination of mechanisms. With this picture, control of transition requires that we control all of the mechanisms which can result in transition, not just one. C1 IAP Res Inc, Dayton, OH 45429 USA. SAIC, Ft Walton, FL 32549 USA. Inst Adv Technol, Austin, TX 78759 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Barber, JP (reprint author), IAP Res Inc, Dayton, OH 45429 USA. NR 16 TC 58 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 47 EP 51 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.805913 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 650MC UT WOS:000181267000011 ER PT J AU Zielinski, AE Newill, JR Powell, JD AF Zielinski, AE Newill, JR Powell, JD TI Experiments to assess structural loads during solid armature contact transition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium pm Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 14-17, 2002 CL LA COUPOLE, FRANCE DE contacts; electrodynamics; electromagnetic propulsion; railgun; transition ID MELT-WAVE MODEL; WEAR AB The objective of the work is to characterize the force developed at the rail-armature interface during contact transition. Solid armatures were accelerated up to 2.5 km/s, with peak currents on the order of 1 MA. The armature contacts were allowed to naturally transition, an event that typically occurred on the decaying portion of the current pulse. Deflections of unsupported steel rods launched with an armature were measured from flash X-ray images taken at muzzle exit. In-bore X-rays were used on a few tests to refine the time at which the maximum rod deflection occurred. The highest velocity tests provided further data on armature deformation. In addition to the experiments, a coupled,electromagnetic-structural dynamics code was used to compute the rod and armature deformations based on a range of assumed pressure profiles at the rail-armature interface and under a variety of boundary conditions. Reasonable agreement between the calculations and experiment was obtained with an interface pressure of approximately 550 MPa (80 ksi) applied over the smallest mesh area available at the leading edge of the front contact (25 kN). In future work, this load can then be used as input to structural mechanics calculations to further increase the survivability of hypervelocity long-rod penetrators. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Zielinski, AE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 92 EP 96 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.805882 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 650MC UT WOS:000181267000020 ER PT J AU Newill, JF Powell, JD Zielinski, AE AF Newill, JF Powell, JD Zielinski, AE TI Coupled finite-element codes for armature design SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium pm Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 14-17, 2002 CL LA COUPOLE, FRANCE DE electrodynamics; electromagnetic propulsion; railgun; structural mechanics AB This paper discusses the development of a design tool that couples two-dimensional (2-D) electromagnetics (EM) with three-dimensional (3-D) dynamic structural mechanics. The resulting model has the capability for rapid performance assessment of railgun and armature structures. The coupling of codes is one-way in that no deformations are provided to the EM code once the calculations begin. An efficient and accurate 2-D EM code is used to generate the thermal and mechanical loads. It is well known that the 2-D EM solution for a solid armature railgun grossly compromises the calculation as compared to the 3-D formulation for isolated regions in the armature and conducting boundary. However, despite this drawback, some success has been obtained in comparing experimental results to the 2-D computations with velocity skin effect, as well as favorable comparisons between 2-D and static 3-D computations. At the present time, there is no code available that accurately captures the entire launch process and physics leading up to and including transition of the armature contacts. It is anticipated that with development of design rules and methodology, the electromagnetic field solution can be extended to 3-D as well as automated to the point that very little computer time and user intervention are required. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Newill, JF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 148 EP 152 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.805873 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 650MC UT WOS:000181267000032 ER PT J AU Powell, JD Zielinski, AE AF Powell, JD Zielinski, AE TI Ohmic heating in a double-taper Sabot-Armature SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium pm Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 14-17, 2002 CL LA COUPOLE, FRANCE DE electromagnetic gun; electromagnetic launch; electromagnetic propulsion; railgun ID PERFORMANCE; SIMULATION; RAILGUN AB A two-dimensional model, developed previously to investigate the transport of electromagnetic fields and energy in solid-armature railguns, is simplified to study exclusively heating within the interior of the armature. The simplifying assumptions, made in order to reduce the time required for calculations, include neglecting the effects of velocity as well, as the details of the physics occurring at the rail-armature interface. These assumptions are not believed to be particularly restrictive when the intent of the calculations is-to investigate regions of the armature that are far removed from the rails. The governing equations, appropriate under this set of assumptions, are presented. The model is then applied to analyze current and heat transport in a double-taper sabot armature,, a type of armature that is currently under active study and is known to be valuable in launching high-density tactical pay-loads. In particular, calculations are undertaken to investigate the manner in which a variation of certain geometrical parameters that define the shape of the armature affect the time evolution and spatial distribution of temperature, fields, and forces within the armature. Results of the calculations are studied carefully and explained by basic physical principles. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Powell, JD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 153 EP 157 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.805964 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 650MC UT WOS:000181267000033 ER PT J AU Beyer, RA Pesce-Rodriguez, RA AF Beyer, RA Pesce-Rodriguez, RA TI Experiments to define plasma-propellant interactions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium pm Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 14-17, 2002 CL LA COUPOLE, FRANCE DE electrothermal-chemical (ETC); ignition; propellant AB A series of experiments has been performed to contribute to the process of fully characterizing the interaction between a hot plasma igniter, and gun propellant such as occurs in electrothermal-chemical (ETC) guns. Diagnostics include pressure generation records for different interaction geometries and chemical analysis of residual propellants following plasma exposure. It is found that ignition times vary substantially by propellant even within similar classes of materials. Subsurface chemical activity has been recorded. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Beyer, RA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 7 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 207 EP 211 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.805853 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 650MC UT WOS:000181267000044 ER PT J AU Fifer, RA Sagan, ES Beyer, RA AF Fifer, RA Sagan, ES Beyer, RA TI Chemical effects in plasma ignition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium pm Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 14-17, 2002 CL LA COUPOLE, FRANCE DE chemistry; plasma; propellant ignition; radiation ID PROPELLANT AB Experiments have been carried out to explore the role of chemical effects in the plasma-propellant interaction (PPI) process. The experiments involve varying. the chemical composition of a confined, ablatively "fed" plasma, and then observing the response of the propellant (JA2, M9, or M30) via the recorded pressure traces. The combustion is terminated by rapid depressurization, allowing recovery and chemical analysis. In situ light emission measurements provide information on the relative temperatures of the plasmas investigated, as well as on the relative radiation levels at the propellant surface. The standard polyethylene (PE)-fed plasma contains carbon, hydrogen, and aluminum (the exploding wire is aluminum). A carbon-rich plasma (without hydrogen) is formed with a graphite (Gr) or lampblack (LB)-fed plasma, and a hydrogen-rich plasma with an aluminum hydride (AlH3)-fed plasma. In addition, ammonia triborane (ATB), another hydrogen-rich reducing agent has been tested. The results show widely varying extents of plasma-feeding for the different plasma chemistries, higher plasma temperatures (and longer duration of high temperature and radiation) for the chemistries that feed the plasma least, and post-discharge propellant combustion rates that suggest competition between the opposing radiative and pressure-producing properties of the additive. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Fifer, RA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 218 EP 222 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.805949 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 650MC UT WOS:000181267000046 ER PT J AU Newberry, J Kaste, PJ AF Newberry, J Kaste, PJ TI Surface characterization of energetic materials using point-to-point contact FTIR-ATR SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium pm Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 14-17, 2002 CL LA COUPOLE, FRANCE DE attenuated total reflectance; electrothermal-chemical; ETC; JA2; plasma; plasma-propellant interaction AB Surface characterization of energetic materials and their components has been a useful tool for resolving many research and quality control, issues. An important application for gun propulsion is the understanding of plasma-propellant interactions (PPIs) in order to exploit plasma ignition, which offers the potential for rapid, controlled ignition of high-energy density charges. Toward this end, surface characterization using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy has been performed on propellants exposed to plasma in extinguished closed-bomb and open-air plasma experiments. These experiments are being performed to elucidate the properties of plasmas that enhance energy transfer and ignition, ultimately with the goal of designing an electrothermal-chemical (ETC) igniter-propellant charge for the next-generation weapon for the Future Combat System. However, analytical techniques capable of low detection limits for propellant degradation products are needed for characterizing the nature (e.g., radiation, convective heat transfer, hot particle flow, etc.) and distribution (in a packed bed or charge to ensure uniform and repeatable ignition) of plasma interaction with the propellant. Knowledge of such phenomena is valuable for validating simulations of plasma dynamics and optimizing igniter design. Reflectance spectroscopy has been used previously in our laboratory in closed-bomb studies to characterize the morphology and chemical composition of the grains from extinguished closed-bomb and open-air plasma experiments, but degradation products had proved difficult to detect. Recently, the same samples were reanalyzed using point-to-point contact attenuated total reflectance (PPC-ATR) in order to improve diagnostics for plasma-propellant interaction. Commercially available attachments have been designed to exert greater pressure on the sample for greater contact with the ATR crystal, improving sensitivity. With PPC-ATR, it was possible not only to detect but to identify the components of JA2 most likely associated with plasma degradation. Decomposition products were limited to less than a millimeter into the sample, involved secondary carbon denitration, and apparently did not migrate, strongly suggesting, that plasma-propellant interaction involved denitration of nitrocelluose (NC). A chemical species wit h infrared absorption at similar to1570 cm(-1) is apparently specific to plasma ignition (i.e., not observed with conventional ignition) and could serve as a marker compound for the extent of plasma interaction in charges with ETC igniters. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Newberry, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 253 EP 256 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.805936 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 650MC UT WOS:000181267000054 ER PT J AU Guercio, MD AF Guercio, MD TI A 4.5-MJ pulsed power supply for railgun experiments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium pm Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 14-17, 2002 CL LA COUPOLE, FRANCE DE pulsed power; railgun; railgun experiments with capacitor-based power supply AB A 4.5-MJ capacitor-based pulsed power supply (PPS) has been installed at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, for railgun operations. The system consists of 18 independent modules, each with an energy capacity of 250 Q. Half of the modules were modified from their original condition to a pulse-forming inductance of approximately 24 muH, while the remainder maintained their original 60-muH inductance. Another modification included a pneumatic-operated shorting system added to enhance the safety of the system. Simulations were conducted for a variety of load conditions using a Spice-based code. Predicted currents and velocities are in reasonable agreement with measured quantities. The complete system allows the electromagnetic launch of hyper-velocity launch packages to a downrange distance of 4 km. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Guercio, MD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 280 EP 284 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.805926 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 650MC UT WOS:000181267000059 ER PT J AU Zielinski, AE Newill, JF AF Zielinski, AE Newill, JF TI A high-explosive, round for a rectangular railgun bore cross section SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium pm Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 14-17, 2002 CL LA COUPOLE, FRANCE DE electromagnetic propulsion; projectile; railgun AB A railgun bore with a rectangular cross section was found to be advantageous for launch of a hypervelocity kinetic energy penetrator (KEP). Since guns are rarely used to execute a mission with a single type of round, it was important to assess the feasibility for rounds other than a KEP. An analysis is presented to support the operation of a mass-stabilized round with a high-explosive (HE) payload from the same rectangular bore cross section. Design criteria and two bounding cases are provided to illustrate the effectiveness. Removal of material from the bore insulators can provide space for the mass-stabilized projectile base diameter. The resultant HE round provides an increased capability as compared to conventionally launched HE rounds in velocity, armor penetration, and payload capacity. Furthermore, launch of kinetic energy and HE munitions from the same launcher provides increased mission capability. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Newill, JF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 319 EP 322 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.806374 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 650MC UT WOS:000181267000066 ER PT J AU Zielinski, AE AF Zielinski, AE TI Thermophysical evaluation of a novel aluminum alloy with application to an integrated launch package SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium pm Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 14-17, 2002 CL LA COUPOLE, FRANCE DE aluminum alloys; electromagnetic propulsion; projectile; railgun; specific action; thermophysical properties AB The thermophysical properties of a novel aluminum alloy are investigated. This alloy, GIGAS 30, is appealing for its increased mechanical properties compared to aluminum alloys commonly used for armatures (e.g., Al 6061, 7075). A pulsed current is used to generate the source of thermal loading. A thermocouple is used to measure the temperature rise of the material. The structure to contain the material during the discharge is configured so that very little force loading is generated during the discharge. Hence, the material failure can be essentially characterized from thermal loads alone. Finally, the thermophysical properties measured are used to assess the relative and absolute benefits and burdens when the material is selected for use in designing an integrated launch package for a railgun application. It is found that the marginal increase in breech energy and parasitic mass from the increased resistivity and density is compensated by the increased structural benefits, resulting in slightly increased system efficiency. Moreover, significant insight into material selection can be gained by using the integrated design methodology rather than selection based on one particular material property. C1 USA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Zielinski, AE (reprint author), USA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 332 EP 336 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.806421 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 650MC UT WOS:000181267000069 ER PT J AU Nagy, G Shnidman, R Gerri, N Tzeng, J AF Nagy, G Shnidman, R Gerri, N Tzeng, J TI Vulnerability studies of high-speed compulsators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium pm Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 14-17, 2002 CL LA COUPOLE, FRANCE DE carbon fiber; coil band; compulsator; confining band; impact damage; shaped charge; spin test ID COMPOSITE AB The utilization of high-speed compulsators is central to the success of the electromagnetic pulsed power launch systems under development. The efficient use of these high-energy storage devices depends, in turn, on high-strength carbon composite bands for attaining sufficient speed, and thus energy levels, without disintegrating. While advances in material science allowed significant improvements in the performance of the latest generation of compulsators, a growing concern is their vulnerability to ballistic impact. A comprehensive experimental study using a scaled but realistic version of an operational compulsator is presented. A set of two test rotors consisting of several layers, including a simulated coil section and an outer carbon confining shell, was tested. The rotors were spun to approximately 18 000 r/min in a highspeed test facility, and shaped charges were fired at the outer shell at normal incidence. The results of a set of experiments are presented, showing damage ranging from benign to complete failure, depending on the impact energy level. The experiments indicate that significant impact energies do not necessarily result in complete failure. Observed rotor behavior is compared with predictions. An evaluation of observed failure modes indicates that good engineering can optimize the construction of composite confining bands in compulsators to resist a certain level of high-energy impact without complete failure. C1 Eigen Value Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. USA, Res Lab, Survivabil Lethal Anal Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Nagy, G (reprint author), Eigen Value Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 371 EP 377 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.806411 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 650MC UT WOS:000181267000077 ER PT J AU Tzeng, JT AF Tzeng, JT TI Viscoelastic analysis of composite rotor for pulsed power applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium pm Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 14-17, 2002 CL LA COUPOLE, FRANCE DE composite; creep; flywheel; power generator; time-dependent; viscoelasticity ID CYLINDERS AB The time-dependent properties of a composite can result in a significant change of stress and strain profiles in a rotating component over a period of time, which is critical in terms of machine performance and durability. A viscoelastic analysis has been developed to investigate creep and stress relaxation in a multilayered composite cylinder subjected to rotation. The analysis accounts for layer-by-layer variation of material properties, composite fiber orientations, temperature, and density gradients through the thickness of cylinders. A closed-form solution based, on the corresponding elastic problem is,derived for a generalized plane strain state in a thick-walled multilayered cylinder. A Laplace transform is then applied to obtain the numerical solution of the viscoelastic problem. The paper illustrates the derivation of the analytical model and solution, procedure. A numerical simulation shows potential creep and stress relaxation in thick-walled cylinders constructed with graphite/epoxy at an elevated temperature (75degreesC). The analysis can be used to investigate the creep behavior of rotating machines constructed with multilayered components. Accordingly, the performance of a rotating machine over a period of time can be predicted and improved through machine design and material selection. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Tzeng, JT (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 384 EP 388 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.806408 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 650MC UT WOS:000181267000079 ER PT J AU Zielinski, AE AF Zielinski, AE TI Integrated launch package design with considerations for reduced-scale demonstration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium pm Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 14-17, 2002 CL LA COUPOLE, FRANCE DE electromagnetic propulsion; projectile; railgun AB The design of an integrated launch package (ILP) for an electromagnetic railgun is considered. A code incorporating analytical engineering expressions for thermal and mechanical loads is used. The armature linear current density and armature and rail pressures are used to define the range of solutions based on mission requirements and subprojectile criteria. Characteristics for large- and reduced-scale launcher and ILP solutions are presented, which are consistent with mission requirements. Single-taper sabot configurations are used to illustrate the methodology. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Zielinski, AE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 402 EP 405 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.806371 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 650MC UT WOS:000181267000083 ER PT J AU Kathe, EL Glennon, MJ Gully, MD Olsen, K AF Kathe, EL Glennon, MJ Gully, MD Olsen, K TI Integral containment electromagnetic gun SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium pm Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 14-17, 2002 CL LA COUPOLE, FRANCE DE prestress; railgun; structural containment ID LAUNCHER; BARREL AB The integral containment electromagnetic (ICE) gun constitutes a structural containment design method that has been proposed to achieve desirable prestressing of railguns. The principal purpose of this method is to minimize the maximum strain excursion of the rail containment structure during firing stresses to maximize the fatigue life of lightweight armament. The ICE gun may be considered a means to achieve an "autofrettage" effect from a laminated steel disk railgun construction where the disks are strained upon assembly to achieve the desired prestress of the containment structure. C1 USA, TACOM, ARDEC, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Kathe, EL (reprint author), USA, TACOM, ARDEC, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 456 EP 461 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.806389 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 650MC UT WOS:000181267000095 ER PT J AU Tzeng, JT AF Tzeng, JT TI Dynamic response of electromagnetic railgun due to projectile movement SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium pm Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 14-17, 2002 CL LA COUPOLE, FRANCE DE critical velocity; dynamic loading; elastic; electromagnetic railgun ID CYLINDERS AB A model is developed to investigate the dynamic response of an electromagnetic railgun, induced by a moving magnetic pressure during launch of projectiles. As the projectile velocity approaches a critical value, resonance can occur and cause high amplitude stress and strain in the rail at the instant and location of the projectile's passage. In this study, governing equations of a railgun under dynamic loading conditions are derived that illustrate a lower-bound critical velocity in terms of material properties, geometry, and barrel cross section; this represents the worst case or a lower bound solution for the structure under a dynamic loading condition. A study is then performed to show the effect of these parameters on the critical velocity of the barrel. Accordingly, the model that accounts for projectile velocity and gun construction can be used to guide and improve barrel design. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Tzeng, JT (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 10 TC 38 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 472 EP 475 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.806384 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 650MC UT WOS:000181267000098 ER PT J AU Tolle, CR McJunkin, TR Gorsich, DJ AF Tolle, CR McJunkin, TR Gorsich, DJ TI Suboptimal minimum cluster volume cover-based method for measuring fractal dimension SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE fractal dimension; Fuzzy-C Means; suboptimal cover; box counting; clustering; texture analysis ID IMPLEMENTATION; ALGORITHMS AB A new method for calculating fractal dimension is developed in this paper. The method is based on the box dimension concept; however, it involves direct estimation of a suboptimal covering of the data set of interest. By finding a suboptimal cover, this method is better able to estimate the required number of covering elements for a given cover size than is the standard box counting algorithm. Moreover, any decrease in the error of the covering element count directly increases the accuracy of the fractal dimension estimation. In general, our method represents a mathematical dual to the standard box counting algorithm by not solving for the number of boxes used to cover a data set given the size of the box. Instead, the method chooses the number of covering elements and then proceeds to find the placement of smallest hyperellipsoids that fully covers the data set. This method involves a variant of the Fuzzy-C Means clustering algorithm, as well as the use of the Minimum Cluster Volume clustering algorithm. A variety of fractal dimension estimators using this suboptimal covering method are discussed. Finally, these methods are compared to the standard box counting algorithm and wavelet-decomposition methods for calculating fractal dimension by using one-dimensional cantor dust sets and a set of standard Brownian random fractal images. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. USA, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Robot Lab, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Tolle, CR (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI McJunkin, Timothy/G-8385-2011 OI McJunkin, Timothy/0000-0002-4987-9170 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 25 IS 1 BP 32 EP 41 DI 10.1109/TPAMI.2003.1159944 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 628NL UT WOS:000180002300003 ER PT B AU Kwinn, MJ Pohl, EA Parnell, GS AF Kwinn, MJ Pohl, EA Parnell, GS GP IEEE IEEE TI Rapid framework development and analysis using technology SO IEMC-2003: MANAGING TECHNOLOGICALLY DRIVEN ORGANIZATIONS: THE HUMAN SIDE OF INNOVATION AND CHANGE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Engineering Management Conference CY NOV 02-04, 2003 CL ALBANY, LA SP IEEE Engn Management Soc DE conducting workshops; decision support; group management; issue identification AB A major client for the Department of Systems Engineering, US Military Academy asked us to conduct a detailed analysis of the weapon systems program on which they were working for potential vulnerabilities. The turnaround time on this study was very short so we decided to conduct a workshop. A workshop posed significant challenges with the short timeline and the diverse group of attendees. This paper discusses how the structure of the workshop and the technology we used helped us overcome the challenges and develop a great product for our client. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Kwinn, MJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8150-5 PY 2003 BP 10 EP 13 DI 10.1109/IEMC.2003.1252222 PG 4 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BY12Z UT WOS:000187837600003 ER PT B AU Felde, GW Anderson, GP Cooley, TW Matthew, MW Adler-Golden, SM Berk, A Lee, J AF Felde, GW Anderson, GP Cooley, TW Matthew, MW Adler-Golden, SM Berk, A Lee, J GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Analysis of Hyperion data with the FLAASH atmospheric correction algorithm SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi AB A combination of good spatial and spectral resolution make visible to shortwave infrared spectral imaging from aircraft or spacecraft a highly valuable technology for remote sensing of the earth's surface. Many applications require the elimination of atmospheric effects caused by molecular and particulate scattering; a process known as atmospheric correction, compensation, or removal. The Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes (FLAASH) atmospheric correction code derives its physics-based algorithm from the MODTRAN4 radiative transfer code. A new spectral recalibration algorithm, which has been incorporated into FLAASH, is described. Results from processing Hyperion data with FLAASH are discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Felde, GW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 3 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 90 EP 92 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293500031 ER PT B AU O'Neill, K Sun, K Chen, CC Shubitidze, F Paulsen, KD AF O'Neill, K Sun, K Chen, CC Shubitidze, F Paulsen, KD GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Combining GPR and EMI data for discrimination of multiple subsurface metallic objects SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi AB Cleanup of subsurface metallic objects such as unexploded ordnance (UXO) constitutes an urgent problem worldwide. The heart of the problem is discrimination, as opposed to detection. Ultra-wideband electromagnetic induction sensors (UWB EMI), operating from a few Hz up to 100's of kHz, have shown considerable promise in subsurface discrimination of metallic objects. Unfortunately, a great many objects, including widespread clutter items, produce very broad, smooth EMI signal patterns, over a number of decades of frequency. Shape identification is complicated by the sensitivity of EMI fields to metal type. UWB ground penetrating radar (GPR) has also shown definite discrimination capability for characterizing subsurface metallic targets. Uninfluenced by metal type, GPR is capable of registering complex natural resonances from which target length can be estimated. Further, examination of the spatial patterns of GPR signals can indicate the (X,Y,Z) locations of targets, even of multiple targets present simultaneously in the incident beam. In this paper we consider potential collaborative roles of UWB GPR and UWB EMI for discrimination of multiple subsurface metallic objects. Rigorous 3-D FDTD models demonstrate GPR's ability to estimate target positions, orientations, and length even when reflections overlap. These data can then be used to constrain inversion of UWB EMI patterns. Processing of EMI measurements based on prior estimates of object location and orientation successfully extracts distinct frequency response signatures for two very closely spaced objects. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP O'Neill, K (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RI Chen, Chi-Chih/O-2298-2013 OI Chen, Chi-Chih/0000-0001-6016-7708 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 4157 EP 4159 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293501371 ER PT B AU Howard, AQ Lemire, GW Marshall, MS AF Howard, AQ Lemire, GW Marshall, MS GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Estimation of aerosol concentration from elastic scattering LIDAR data SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi AB West Desert Test Center (WDTC) at Dugway Proving Ground uses measurement, modeling and simulation capabilities to characterize and referee customer standoff biological and, to a lesser extent, chemical detection systems. The WDTC LIDAR model of aerosol clouds uses a Mie scattering model and associated joint aerosol cloud distribution function N(a, r), where a is the particle radius and r is the position vector of the particle. We make the key simplifying assumption that the two parameters a and r axe statistically independent. Justification for this well-mixed assumption is that aerosol particles with dimensions of less than a few microns remain in the atmosphere for a long time, typically days. Large particles are removed by gravity segregation. For the associated inverse problem, the LIDAR elastic scattering equation is formally inverted to yield an estimate of the aerosol particle concentration (p) over cap (r). Inversion requires knowledge of boundary conditions along an arc of constant range R = R-f. Given a seed value on the arc from a point detector, a two-frequency algorithm is shown to correctly populate all values on the arc R = Rf, leading to near-real-time accurate inversions over the entire LIDAR sweep. Numerical results in a noise background and a representative choice of numerical parameters are given. C1 USA, W Desert Test Ctr, Dugway, UT 84022 USA. RP Howard, AQ (reprint author), USA, W Desert Test Ctr, Dugway, UT 84022 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 4398 EP 4403 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293501451 ER PT S AU Tsokos, GC Nambiar, MP Juang, YT AF Tsokos, GC Nambiar, MP Juang, YT BE Chiorazzi, N Lahita, RG Capra, JD Ferrarini, M Zabriskie, JB TI Activation of the Ets transcription factor Elf-1 requires phosphorylation and glycosylation - Defective expression of activated Elf-1 is involved in the decreased TCR chain gene expression in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus SO IMMUNE MECHANISMS AND DISEASE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Immune Mechanisms and Disease CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ST GEORGES, W IND ASSOC ST SP Henry Kunkel Soc, NY Acad Sci DE Ets transcription factor; systemic lupus erythematosus; human T cells; T cell receptor; Elf-1; TCR zeta chain ID O-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION; RECEPTOR ZETA-CHAIN; KINASE C-THETA; PROMOTER; PROTEIN; BINDING AB Elf-1, a member of the Ets transcription factor family with an estimated molecular mass of 68 kDa, is involved in the transcriptional regulation of several hematopoietic cell genes. It is shown that following O-GlcNAc glycosylation and phosphorylation by PKC theta, the cytoplasm-located, 80-kDa Elf-1 translocates to the nucleus as a 98-kDa protein. In the nucleus, Elf-1 binds to the promoter of the TCR zeta gene and promotes its transcription in Jurkat and fresh human T cells. It is also shown that in the majority of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), who are known to express decreased levels of T cell receptor (TCR) zeta chain and mRNA, the 80-kDa Elf-1 protein does not undergo proper post-transcriptional modification, which results in low levels of the 98-kDa protein, lack of Elf-binding to the TCR zeta promoter, and decreased gene transcription. Therefore, a novel activation pathway for a member of the Ets family of transcription factors, which is defective in patients with systemic autoimmunity, has been revealed. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01AI42269, R01 AI49954] NR 11 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-434-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 987 BP 240 EP 245 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BW84D UT WOS:000183319000028 PM 12727645 ER PT S AU Tobias, JM AF Tobias, JM GP IEEE IEEE TI The basis of conventional lightning protection systems SO INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY 50TH ANNUAL PETROLEUM AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CONFERENCE SE RECORD OF CONFERENCE PAPERS - PETROLEUM AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference CY SEP 15-17, 2003 CL HOUSTON, TX SP IEEE, Ind Applicat Soc DE lightning; lightning protection; grounding; air terminals AB The study of lightning protection system design encompasses nearly three hundred years. Yet, many of the original sources for common design practices used today remain obscure. This paper traces the significant developments in lightning protection from the late 1700's to the modem day. Emphasis is placed on significant events in the history that have had direct consequences in the establishment of design practices for lightning protection. It is also demonstrated that many of the design practices used today were subject to significant scrutiny and empirical qualification. Our intent is to familiarize the student of lightning protection design with the original literature, testing and other noteworthy contributions to the design of effective lightning protection systems. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Tobias, JM (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, 2539 Lab Rd, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0090-3507 BN 0-7803-7956-X J9 RECORD CONF PAP PETR PY 2003 BP 47 EP 52 DI 10.1109/PCICON.2003.1242597 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BX88F UT WOS:000186713400004 ER PT J AU Byrd, W Mog, SR Cassels, FJ AF Byrd, W Mog, SR Cassels, FJ TI Pathogenicity and immune response measured in mice following intranasal challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains H10407 and B7A SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID COLONIZATION FACTOR ANTIGENS; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; MILK IMMUNOGLOBULIN; ORAL CHALLENGE; DIARRHEA; MODEL; IMMUNIZATION; TOXIN; ENTEROPATHOGENS; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB The pathogenicity and immunogenicity induced in BALB/c mice by intranasal (i.n.) inoculation of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains H10407 (078:H11:CFA/I:LT+:ST+) and B7A (0148:H28:CS6:LT+: ST+) (two ETEC strains previously used in human challenge trials) were studied. The i.n. inoculation of BALB/c mice with large doses of ETEC strains H10407 and B7A caused illness and death. The H10407 strain was found to be consistently more virulent than the B7A strain. Following i.n. challenge with nonlethal doses of H10407 and B7A, the bacteria were cleared from the lungs of the mice at a steady rate over a 2-week period. Macrophages and neutrophils were observed in the alveoli and bronchioles, and lymphocytes were observed in the septa, around vessels, and in the pleura of the lungs in mice challenged with H10407 and B7A. In mice i.n. challenged with H10407, serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies were measured at high titers to the CFA/I and 078 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens. In mice i.n. challenged with B7A, low serum IgG antibody titers were detected against CS6, and low serum IgG and IgM antibody titers were detected against 0148 LPS. The serum IgG and IgM antibody titers against the heat-labile enterotoxin were equivalent in the H10407- and B7A-challenged mice. The CFA/I and 078 LPS antigens gave mixed T-helper cell I-T-helper cell 2 (Th1-Th2) responses in which the Th2 response was greater than the Th1 response (i.e., stimulated primarily an antibody response). These studies indicate that the i.n. challenge of BALB/c mice with ETEC strains may provide a useful animal model to better understand the immunogenicity and pathogenicity of ETEC and its virulence determinants. This model may also be useful in providing selection criteria for vaccine candidates for use in primate and human trials. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Comparat Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Byrd, W (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 51 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 71 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1128/IAI.71.1.13-21.2003 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 632EZ UT WOS:000180212000002 PM 12496144 ER PT J AU Jeddeloh, JA Fritz, DL Waag, DM Hartings, JM Andrews, GP AF Jeddeloh, JA Fritz, DL Waag, DM Hartings, JM Andrews, GP TI Biodefense-driven murine model of pneumonic melioidosis SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID BURKHOLDERIA-PSEUDOMALLEI; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; GLANDERS AB A whole-body mouse model of pneumonic melioidosis was established for future evaluation of biodefense vaccine candidates. The aerosol 50% lethal doses of Burkholderia pseudomallei strain 1026b for BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice and the times to death, dissemination in organs, and tissue loads after exposure of the mice to low- and high-dose aerosols are reported. In addition, rpsL mutant backgrounds were attenuated in this acute model of disease. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Jeddeloh, JA (reprint author), LLC, Ctr Emerging Technol, 4041 Forest Pk, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. NR 18 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 71 IS 1 BP 584 EP 587 DI 10.1128/IAI.71.1.584-587.2003 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 632EZ UT WOS:000180212000075 PM 12496217 ER PT S AU Vollmerhausen, RH Jacobs, E Driggers, RG AF Vollmerhausen, RH Jacobs, E Driggers, RG BE Holst, GC TI New metric for predicting target acquisition performance SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling and Testing XIV CY APR 23-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE target acquisition; image quality; target identification; performance metrics ID DIAGONAL 2-POINT DITHER; RECTANGULAR 4-POINT; IDENTIFICATION AB A new target acquisition metric has been developed which provides better accuracy than the Johnson criteria. Further, unlike the Johnson criteria, the new metric can be applied directly to sampled imagers and to imagers which exhibit colored (spectrally weighted) noise or frequency boost. This paper describes the new metric. Experimental data are provided showing the problems with the Johnson criteria and illustrating the robust performance of the new metric. C1 USA, Commun & Elect Command, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Vollmerhausen, RH (reprint author), USA, Commun & Elect Command, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4935-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5076 BP 28 EP 40 DI 10.1117/12.487215 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX58C UT WOS:000185757000003 ER PT S AU Hodgkin, VA Jacobs, EL Edwards, T AF Hodgkin, VA Jacobs, EL Edwards, T BE Holst, GC TI Effect of spectral emissivity on single broadband MWIR image simulation, part II SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling and Testing XIV CY APR 23-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB In preceding work, it was shown that the relative error in the predicted intensity of an individual pixel in any broadband MWIR image simulation that employs some form of band-average emissivity and/or average detector responsivity approximation in its models will be about equal to the fractional standard deviation of the MWIR emissivity of the corresponding material. This relationship between the error in simulated integrated image intensity and the variation in spectral emissivity over the MWIR band for a set of 27 commonly encountered scenery materials was shown to behave like a simple power curve, with the power inversely proportional to scene temperature. However, what is more important than the error in a single simulated image pixel is how a multi-pixel simulated image is effected. In this follow-on paper, the errors associated with band-average emissivity approximations are quantified with respect to errors in synthetic images. Comparisons of image contrast and image correlation using band-average emissivity and spectral emissivity are performed. The impact of band-average emissivity in a simple synthetic image on a perception experiment is presented as an example of an application-dependent effect. C1 USA, CECOM, RDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Hodgkin, VA (reprint author), USA, CECOM, RDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4935-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5076 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1117/12.487132 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX58C UT WOS:000185757000004 ER PT S AU Edwards, TC Vollmerhausen, RH Driggers, R Grove, E AF Edwards, TC Vollmerhausen, RH Driggers, R Grove, E BE Holst, GC TI NVESD time-limited search model SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling and Testing XIV CY APR 23-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB A summary of the development and impact of the Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) Time-Limited Search (TLS) Model for target detection is presented. This model was developed to better represent the search behavior when an observer is placed under time-constrained conditions. The three primary components of the search process methodology are (1) the average detection time (based on characteristics of the image), (2) occurrence and time delay associated with false alarms, and (3) the time spent searching a Field-of-View (FOV) before moving on to another FOV. The results of four independent perception experiments served as the basis for this methodology. The experiments, which were conducted by NVESD, portrayed time limited search conditions for different sensor resolution and background clutter levels. The results of the experiments showed that these factors influence the search process and their impacts are represented within the components of the TLS methodology. The discussion presents the problems with the current model and details the constraints that must be understood to correctly apply the new model. C1 USA, Commun & Elect Command, RDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Edwards, TC (reprint author), USA, Commun & Elect Command, RDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4935-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5076 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1117/12.487143 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX58C UT WOS:000185757000005 ER PT S AU Vollmerhausen, R Maurer, T AF Vollmerhausen, R Maurer, T BE Holst, GC TI Night illumination in the visible, NIR, and SWIR spectral bands SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling and Testing XIV CY APR 23-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE night illumination; visible; near infrared; short wave infrared AB This paper describes a spectral night illumination model. The model provides spectral irradiance on a horizontal surface for wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.0 microns. These wavelengths encompass the visible, near infrared, and short wave infrared spectral bands. The primary significance of this model is that consistent estimates of spectral irradiance are now provided for the visible through SWIR spectral bands. The primary sources of night illumination are described. The paper also describes how the new model was derived from spectroscopic data gathered by astronomers. Model predictions are compared to standard references commonly used to predict night illumination. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, RDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Vollmerhausen, R (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, RDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4935-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5076 BP 60 EP 69 DI 10.1117/12.487189 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX58C UT WOS:000185757000006 ER PT S AU Vollmerhausen, R Jacobs, E Devitt, N Maurer, T Halford, C AF Vollmerhausen, R Jacobs, E Devitt, N Maurer, T Halford, C BE Holst, GC TI Modeling the target acquisition performance of laser-range-gated imagers SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling and Testing XIV CY APR 23-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE speckle; laser range gated imagers; target acquisition; performance modeling AB Recent technology advances have made low cost, eye safe, high performance laser-range-gated (LRG) imagers a reality. These advances include the Electron Bombarded CCD sensor and the 1.5-micron, monoblock laser. LRG imagers use a narrow laser beam to illuminate targets at extended ranges; the targets are then identified with the EBCCD sensor. Several features of LRG imagers make predicting range performance different than for passive imagers. LRG imagers are described. The features that make active imager performance different from passive imager performance are discussed. Features unique to active imagers include laser speckle in the image, the coherent illumination beam and its interaction with the atmosphere, the highly directional "spot light" illumination of the target, and the range gating of the receiver. This paper discusses the unique modeling requirements for LRG imagers. C1 USA, Commun & Elect Command, RDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Vollmerhausen, R (reprint author), USA, Commun & Elect Command, RDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4935-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5076 BP 101 EP 111 DI 10.1117/12.487234 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX58C UT WOS:000185757000010 ER PT S AU Driggers, RG Hodgkin, V Vollmerhausen, R O'Shea, P AF Driggers, RG Hodgkin, V Vollmerhausen, R O'Shea, P BE Holst, GC TI Minimum resolvable temperature difference measurements on undersampled imagers SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling and Testing XIV CY APR 23-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE imaging system performance; measurements; minimum resolvable temperature ID PERFORMANCE AB Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference (MRTD or just MRT) is the primary measurement of performance for infrared imaging systems. Where Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) is a measurement of resolution and three-dimensional noise (or noise equivalent temperature difference) is a measurement of sensitivity, MRTD combines both measurements into a test of observer visual acuity through the imager. MRTD has been incorrectly applied to undersampled thermal imagers as a means for assessing the overall performance of the imager. The incorrect application of the MRTD (or just MRT) test to undersampled imagers includes testing to the half-sample (or Nyquist rate) of the sensor and calling the MRT unresolvable beyond this frequency. This approach is known to give poor predictions in overall system performance. Also, measurements at frequencies below the half-sample rate are strongly dependent on the phase between the sampling geometry and the four-bar target. The result is that very little information in the MRT measurement of an undersampled thermal imager is useful. There are a number of alternatives including Dynamic MRT (DMRT), Minimum Temperature Difference Perceived (MTDP), Triangle Orientation Discrimination (TOD), and objective MRT tests. The NVESD approach is to measure the MTF and system noise and to use these measurements in the MRT calculation to give good sensor performance predictions. This paper describes the problems with MRT for undersampled imagers, describes the alternative measurements, and presents the NVESD approach to MRT measurements. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE E, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Driggers, RG (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE E, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4935-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5076 BP 179 EP 189 DI 10.1117/12.487065 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX58C UT WOS:000185757000018 ER PT S AU Hodgkin, VA Driggers, RG O'Shea, P AF Hodgkin, VA Driggers, RG O'Shea, P BE Holst, GC TI Comparison of emissive and reflective minimum resolvable temperature difference for measurements of sensor performance SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling and Testing XIV CY APR 23-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB The Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference (MRT or MRTD) of an IR imaging sensor provides a measure of system performance in terms of sensitivity as a function of resolution. It's expressed as the temperature difference (AT) between a target and a background at which target features are just discernable as a function of spatial frequency. Traditionally, MRT has been measured in the laboratory by imaging a flat plate "blackbody" at slightly elevated and depressed temperatures through a sequence of 4-bar slot patterns ("targets") in high emissivity disks ("backgrounds") at ambient temperature. In this traditional, purely emissive MRT approach, the luminance modulation in the images of the smaller targets ride upon luminance pedestals against the ambient background that make the image modulation hard to discern. Consequently, in the laboratory, sensor gain and offset adjustments sometimes must be performed in order to see the modulation on the smaller, i.e., higher spatial frequency, MRT targets. Quite frequently this part of the procedure does not correspond to how the sensor is operated in the field. An alternative approach, called reflective MRT, uses a disk in which the target region consists of slots and highly reflective, low emissivity spaces and is surrounded by a high emissivity background. Two flat plate "blackbodies" are used, one in transmission through the slots and one in reflection from the spaces between the slots. Both are at slightly different temperatures controlled and regulated above and below ambient. This results in target luminance modulation that does not ride upon ambient luminance pedestals, thus allowing MRT to be measured at the same sensor gain and offset for all target spatial frequencies. The intent of this approach is to improve the accuracy of laboratory MRT measurements as predictors of field performance. This paper describes this problem with emissive MRT, reflective MRT as a possible solution, and the experimental research planned for calendar year 2003 to compare emissive and reflective MRT measurements of well sampled imaging sensors. C1 USA, CECOM, RDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Hodgkin, VA (reprint author), USA, CECOM, RDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4935-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5076 BP 190 EP 195 DI 10.1117/12.487165 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX58C UT WOS:000185757000019 ER PT S AU Goldberg, A AF Goldberg, A BE Strojnik, M TI Observation of the launch of the Atlas 5 EELV with a dual-band QWIP focal plane array SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing XI CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE AB We present imagery taken with a quantum well infrared photodetector dual-band infrared focal plane array of the inaugural launch of the Atlas 5 launch vehicle. The focal plane array was developed under the Army Research Laboratory's Advanced Sensors Federated Laboratory program and used a read-out integrated circuit produced under the Air Force Research Laboratory's Advanced Multi-Quantum Well Technology program. The detectors are able to sense light in both the 3-5 micron and 8-12 micron atmospheric transmission windows such that the resulting singleband images are pixel registered and simultaneous. The focal plane array was installed in a camera system that used a closed-cycle cooler to operate at 60 K. The camera was placed at the prime focus of an all-reflective telescope on a computer-controlled tracking mount at the Innovative Sensor Technology Evaluation Facility at the Kennedy Space Center. The launch was observed from a distance of 15 km from the pad. The dual-band camera system was calibrated using standard blackbody sources. The launch vehicle was observed from about 30 s after launch until approximately 4 minutes after launch. This corresponded to ranges between 15 km and more than 300 km and altitudes from just over 1 km to more than 100 km. Several interesting differences in the structure of the plume were observed. In addition, the hardbody of the rocket was seen in the 8 - 12 mum imagery but was undetectable in the 3- 5 mum imagery. The imagery was unsaturated in both bands allowing us to obtain good measurements of the radiance of the plume in both the principal infrared bands. C1 USA, Res Lab, EO IR Technol Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Goldberg, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, EO IR Technol Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5025-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5152 BP 100 EP 114 DI 10.1117/12.504039 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY02A UT WOS:000187293600011 ER PT S AU Salazar, WE AF Salazar, WE BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Strojnik, M TI Report on the status of linear drive coolers for the department of defense Standard Advanced Dewar Assembly (SADA) SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXV111, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXVIII CY JUL 07-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE AB The Standard Advanced Dewar Assembly (SADA) is the critical module in the Department of Defense (DoD) standardization effort of scanning second-generation thermal imaging systems. DoD has established a family of SADA's to address requirements for high performance (SADA I), mid-to-high performance (SADA 11), and compact class (SADA III) systems. SADA's consist of the Infrared Focal Plane Array (IRFPA), Dewar, Command and Control Electronics (C&CE), and the cryogenic cooler. SADA's are used in weapons systems such as Comanche and Apache helicopters, the M I Abrams Tank, the M2 Bradley Fighting Vehicle, the Line of Sight Antitank (LOSAT) system, the Improved Target Acquisition System (ITAS), and Javelin's Command Launch Unit (CLU). DOD has defined a family of tactical linear drive coolers in support of the family of SADA's. The Stirling linear drive cryo-coolers are utilized to cool the SADA's Infrared Focal Plane Arrays (IRFPAs) to their operating cryogenic temperatures. These linear drive coolers are required to meet strict cool-down time requirements along with lower vibration output, lower audible noise, and higher reliability than currently fielded rotary coolers. This paper will (1) outline the characteristics of each cooler, (2) present the status and results of qualification tests, and (3) present the status and test results of efforts to increase linear drive cooler reliability. C1 USA, Commun & Elect Command, Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Salazar, WE (reprint author), USA, Commun & Elect Command, Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4588-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4820 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1117/12.451177 PN 1&2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW42G UT WOS:000181952000005 ER PT S AU Goldberg, AC Fischer, T Derzko, Z AF Goldberg, AC Fischer, T Derzko, Z BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Strojnik, M TI Application of dual-band infrared focal plane arrays to tactical and strategic military problems SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXV111, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXVIII CY JUL 07-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE DE dual-band; infrared; military target; tactical; strategic AB We report on the development and application of dual-band infrared focal plane array (FPA) technology to problems of interest to the U. S. military. For tactical applications, we show the application of dual-band MWIR/LWIR FPAs to reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition. We show field test results of dual-band imaging of military targets over a diurnal cycle. We describe the development of a. new dual-band LWIR/LWIR FPA for detection of the disturbed soil features associated with buried land mines. Finally, we will describe the application of dual-band FPAs in the strategic defense arena. We present dual-band MWIR/LWIR imagery of commercial launch vehicles that shows the utility of such an FPA for, a sensor in a boost-phase interceptor. C1 USA, Res Lab, EO IR Technol Branch, AMSRL SE EE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Goldberg, AC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, EO IR Technol Branch, AMSRL SE EE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4588-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4820 BP 500 EP 514 DI 10.1117/12.451014 PN 1&2 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW42G UT WOS:000181952000056 ER PT S AU Horn, S Norton, P Cincotta, T Stoltz, A Benson, D Perconti, P Campbell, J AF Horn, S Norton, P Cincotta, T Stoltz, A Benson, D Perconti, P Campbell, J BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF TI Challenges for third-generation cooled imagers SO INFRARED TECHNOLOLGY AND APPLICATIONS XXIX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Technology and Applications XXIX Conference CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE infrared detectors; HgCdTe; third-generation infrared; 3(rd) generation infrared; two-color infrared ID CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE PLASMAS; ETCH RESISTANCE; SURFACE; CDZNTE AB Third-Generation, two-color infrared cooled sensors are being developed in order to allow the Army to detect and identify enemy forces at ranges beyond that at which the enemy can detect them. This will ensure that the Army continues to "own" night operations. Developing the technology needed to field these high-performance third-generation cooled imagers poses many challenges to the infrared community. These devices, which are expected to provide high spatial and temporal resolution simultaneously in two-to-three infrared bands, will dramatically increase the ability to find targets in defilade, and will be a major technological breakthrough. Performance has to be close to the theoretical limit, dominated by the limits of photon noise. Cost is also a major factor if sufficient numbers of such sensors are to be fielded. The benefits of this technology are now described, followed by a summary of the challenges faced in meeting the cost and performance objectives. C1 USA, RDEC, NVESD, Washington, DC 20060 USA. RP Horn, S (reprint author), USA, RDEC, NVESD, Washington, DC 20060 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4933-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5074 BP 44 EP 51 DI 10.1117/12.501269 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY23C UT WOS:000188359400006 ER PT S AU Goldberg, A Choi, KK Jhabvala, M La, A Uppal, P Winn, M AF Goldberg, A Choi, KK Jhabvala, M La, A Uppal, P Winn, M BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF TI Large format and multi-spectral QWIP infrared focal plane arrays SO INFRARED TECHNOLOLGY AND APPLICATIONS XXIX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Technology and Applications XXIX Conference CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE multispectral; large format; infrared; focal plane array; QWIP AB The next generation of infrared (IR) focal plane arrays (FPAs) will need to be a significant improvement in capability over those used in present-day second generation FLIRs. The Army's Future Combat System requires that the range for target identification be greater than the range of detection for an opposing sensor. To accomplish this mission, the number of pixels on the target must be considerably larger than that possible with 2(nd) generation FLIR. Therefore, the 3(rd) generation FLIR will need to be a large format staring FPA with more than 1000 pixels on each side. In addition, a multi-spectral capability will be required to allow operability in challenging ambient environments, discriminate targets from decoys, and to take advantage of the smaller diffraction blur in the MWIR for enhanced image resolution. We report on laboratory measurements of a large format (1024x1024 pixels) single-color LWIR IR FPA made using the corrugated quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) structure by the ARL/NASA team. The pixel pitch is 18 mum and the spectral response peaks at 8.8 mum with a 9.2 mum cutoff. We report on recent results using a MWIR/LWIR QWIP FPA to image the boost phase of a launch vehicle for missile defense applications and a LWIR/LWIR FPA designed specifically for detecting the disturbed soil associated with buried land mines. Finally, we report on the fabrication of a new read-out integrated circuit (ROIC) specifically designed for multi-spectral operation. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Goldberg, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4933-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5074 BP 83 EP 94 DI 10.1117/12.501272 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY23C UT WOS:000188359400010 ER PT S AU Dhar, NK Chen, Y Brill, G Amirtharaj, PM Velicu, S Boieriu, P Birdwell, AG Wijewarnasuriya, PS AF Dhar, NK Chen, Y Brill, G Amirtharaj, PM Velicu, S Boieriu, P Birdwell, AG Wijewarnasuriya, PS BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF TI Composite substrate for large-format HgCdTeIRFPA SO INFRARED TECHNOLOLGY AND APPLICATIONS XXIX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Technology and Applications XXIX Conference CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE HgCdTe; CdSeTe; composite substrates; molecular beam epitaxy; infrared detectors; Si; photoreflectance ID MBE GROWTH; CDTE; EPITAXY; ZNTE AB Research on silicon based composite substrates is being conducted at the Army Research Laboratory. These substrates can be used to deposit HgCdTe alloys to fabricate large-format infrared photodetector arrays. Traditionally, composite structures are fabricated by growing CdZnTe buffer layers on Si substrates using molecular beam epitaxy process. Recently, we have demonstrated that composite structures using CdSeTe can also be used. The CdSeTe compound offers better surface morphology and control of composition. In this work we present our results on the Si-based substrate technology and its application in the use of substrate material for LWIR HgCdTe detector development. In this paper we also present our study of molecular beam epitaxy and characteristics of CdSexTe1-x ternary films on Si. A detailed study of the alloy composition and lattice structures were investigated. In general, we find that the crystalline quality of CdSeTe films on Si is superior to CdZnTe on Si. Best CdSeTe/Si samples had EPD as low as 1.4x10(5) cm(-2). This study also discusses a comparison of cation versus anion mixing in chalcogenide compounds. Results of LWIR detectors on CdTe/Si are also presented as a precursor and rational for a need of better lattice-matched substrates other than the conventional CdZnTe/Si substrates. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Dhar, NK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Brill, Gregory/G-4877-2013 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4933-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5074 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1117/12.487725 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY23C UT WOS:000188359400018 ER PT J AU Crowne, FJ Tidrow, SC Weiss, S AF Crowne, FJ Tidrow, SC Weiss, S TI The ferroelectric slab waveguide: A geometry for microwave components that incorporate ferroelectric materials SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 09-12, 2003 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO AB A slab geometry, in which ferroelectric is inserted between two "cladding" layers with a microstrip electrode placed on top, is proposed as a way to integrate the properties of ferroelectric materials into microwave components. This structure distributes the propagating microwave fields between the ferroelectric and the cladding, so that the microwave dielectric constant is a weighted average of the dielectric constants of the two materials. It is shown that this geometry drastically reduces dissipation due to dielectric losses in the ferroelectric. In addition, by applying a dc bias to the microstrip line, the dielectric constant of the ferroelectric layer can be varied and with it the microwave properties of the structure. C1 Army Res Lab, RF Elect Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Crowne, FJ (reprint author), Army Res Lab, RF Elect Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Tidrow, Steven/C-8133-2013 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2003 VL 56 BP 1065 EP 1073 DI 10.1080/10584580390259588 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 758GR UT WOS:000187626300008 ER PT J AU Wickenden, AE Currano, LJ Takacs, T Pulskamp, J Dubey, M Hullavarad, S Vispute, RD AF Wickenden, AE Currano, LJ Takacs, T Pulskamp, J Dubey, M Hullavarad, S Vispute, RD TI The effect of microstructure on AlN MEMS resonator response SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 09-12, 2003 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO DE AlN; MEMS; NEMS; resonator; pulsed laser deposition; sputtered thin film ID BEAM AB Piezoelectric AlN micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS, NEMS) resonator devices are being developed for RF filter applications. Composite structures which include the piezoelectric actuating film, metal electrode layers, and a flexural layer are required for these devices. The crystalline quality of the AlN film is strongly dependant on the growth technique used, and may significantly impact the piezoelectric response. We have fabricated MEMS resonator devices using sputtered and pulsed laser deposited (PLD) AlN thin films. Highly oriented <0001> PLD AlN films have been deposited on platinum-terminated composite MEMS structures. Devices made using PLD films have been observed to result in significantly greater displacement, lower actuation voltage, and higher device Q than equivalent devices made with sputtered AlN films that are less crystalline and may have different stoichiometry. AlN thin film deposition, device fabrication, and modeshape analysis of resultant MEMS resonator devices are discussed for sputtered and PLD AlN films. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wickenden, AE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2003 VL 54 BP 565 EP 574 DI 10.1080/10584580390258976 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 758GG UT WOS:000187625200007 ER PT J AU Polcawich, RG Scanlon, M Pulskamp, J Clarkson, J Conrad, J Washington, D Piekarz, R Trolier-McKinstry, S Dubey, M AF Polcawich, RG Scanlon, M Pulskamp, J Clarkson, J Conrad, J Washington, D Piekarz, R Trolier-McKinstry, S Dubey, M TI Design and fabrication of a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film acoustic sensor SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 09-12, 2003 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO DE PZT; acoustic sensor; MEMS; microphone ID MICROPHONE; SILICON AB Piezoelectric MEMS acoustic sensors have potential applications in a wide variety of applications including hearing aids, surveillance, heart monitoring, etc. For each of these systems and many others, the acoustic sensors must be miniaturized and have low power requirements. A piezoelectric based microphone can provide a solution to these requirements, as they offer the ability to passively sense without the power requirements of condenser or piezoresistive microphone counterparts. This research effort reports on the design and fabrication of a piezoelectric PZT based acoustic sensor. A circular clamped membrane consisting of a dielectric for structural support and a piezoelectric actuator has been fabricated on a silicon wafer using silicon deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). Sensors ranging from 500-2000 microns in diameter have been fabricated and characterized using scanning laser Doppler vibrometry and calibrated acoustic tone sources. The PZT sensors exhibited a sensitivity of 97.9-920 nV/Pa depending on geometry. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Polcawich, RG (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. OI Trolier-McKinstry, Susan/0000-0002-7267-9281 NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2003 VL 54 BP 595 EP 606 DI 10.1080/10584580390259010 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 758GG UT WOS:000187625200010 ER PT J AU Zakar, E Polcawich, R Dubey, M Pulskamp, J Wickenden, A Conrad, J Piekarz, R Wickenden, D Champion, J AF Zakar, E Polcawich, R Dubey, M Pulskamp, J Wickenden, A Conrad, J Piekarz, R Wickenden, D Champion, J TI PZT MEMS for an extremely sensitive magnetometer SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 09-12, 2003 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO DE sensor; magnetometer; PZT; sol-gel; piezoelectric; MEMS ID PRESSURE AB The application of a Pt/PZT/Pt sandwich structure in place of a polysilicon material for a xylophone magnetometer bar can greatly improve the sensitivity of the device. This is the first time a piezoelectric activation has been used to resonate a xylophone bar comprised of SiO2 /Ta/Pt/PZT/Pt. Both optical beam and scanning laser Doppler vibrometer methods were used for characterizing the bar deflection. A fabrication process for freely suspended xylophone magnetometer bars is presented. When the device was placed in a vacuum ambient the Quality factor improved to a value of 1800. C1 USA, Res Lab, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Zakar, E (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, SEDD, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2003 VL 54 BP 697 EP 706 DI 10.1080/10584580390259146 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 758GG UT WOS:000187625200020 ER PT S AU Theisen, BL Lane, GR AF Theisen, BL Lane, GR BE Casasent, DP Hall, EL Roning, J TI The 11(TH) Annual Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition: team approaches to intelligent driving and machine vision SO INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND COMPUTER VISION XXI: ALGORITHMS, TECHNIQUES, AND ACTIVE VISION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XXI CY OCT 28-29, 2003 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP SPIE DE intelligent robots; autonomous systems; ground vehicles; engineering education; IGVC AB The Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC) is one of three, unmanned systems, student competitions that were founded by the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) in the 1990s. The IGVC is a multidisciplinary exercise in product realization that challenges college engineering student teams to integrate advanced control theory, machine vision, vehicular electronics, and mobile platform fundamentals to design and build an unmanned system. Both U.S. and international teams focus on developing a suite of dual-use technologies to equip ground vehicles of the future with intelligent driving capabilities. Over the past 11 years, the competition has challenged both undergraduates and graduates, including Ph.D. students with real world applications in intelligent transportation systems, the military, and manufacturing automation. To date, teams from over 40 universities and colleges have participated. In this paper, we describe some of the applications of the technologies required by this competition, and discuss the educational benefits. The primary goal of the IGVC is to advance engineering education in intelligent vehicles and related technologies. The employment and professional networking opportunities created for students and industrial sponsors through a series of technical events over the three-day competition are highlighted. Finally, an assessment of the competition based on participant feedback is presented. C1 USA, Tank Automot Res,Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI USA. RP Theisen, BL (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot Res,Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5155-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5267 BP 60 EP 69 DI 10.1117/12.516660 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Robotics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX99R UT WOS:000187165300005 ER PT B AU Wolfe, D Carver, CA AF Wolfe, D Carver, CA BE Malpica, F Tremante, A Sala, N TI Teaching a second core course in information technology: A West Point experience SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EDUCATION AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Education and Information Systems - Technologies and Applications (EISTA 03) CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2003 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat Syst, Inter Amer Org Higher Educ, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter DE information technology education; active learning; information systems engineering AB The United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point has the mission to produce officers for the U.S. Army. As part of the curriculum, the Academy requires all non ABET major cadets (students) to take two courses on information technology (IT) with both courses focused on problem solving with technology. The first course is an introductory course offered in the freshman year while the second course is a more detailed course offered in the junior year. The Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department uses an expanded definition of information technology; that is, any technology that acquires, transmits, processes, or displays information. Information technology is becoming increasingly important in the Army with the development and use of sensors, command and control systems, and other technologies to achieve information dominance. The course is divided into six modules: acquisition of data and sensors, transmission of data and networks, processing of data into information, display of information, legal and ethical issues of IT and information dominance and operations. Cadets use a four-step problem solving methodology to develop and implement the components of an Information System to solve a real-world problem. The short-term impact of the course on the cadets has been very positive, and we are confident that the long-term impact will be substantial on the cadets and the Army. Cadets are exposed to a number of different technologies, gaining an understanding of how these technologies are used to acquire data, transmit data, process data into information, and display information to support decision making. In addition, the course projects help enforce the problem solving methodology where cadets analyze, design, implement, and test their solutions. C1 US Mil Acad, DEECS, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-03-5 PY 2003 BP 226 EP 230 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education & Educational Research SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BY53L UT WOS:000189402300044 ER PT B AU Dawidowicz, E Monmouth, F AF Dawidowicz, E Monmouth, F BE Hexmoor, H TI Intelligent nodes for course of actions analysis - Interpretability SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTEGRATION OF KNOWLEDGE INTENSIVE MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS: KIMAS'03: MODELING, EXPLORATION, AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intenzive Multi-Agent Systems CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 2003 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Neural Network Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, INNS, USAF, USA, USN, DARPA AB The interpretability faculty is a vital element within the framework of Intelligent Systems [8]. Central to planning, Course of Action (COA) and Course of Action Analysis (COAA) emerge in the process of interpretability of heterogeneous information. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the interpretability mechanism that can be employed by computing machines to promote intelligent behavior. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Dawidowicz, E (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7958-6 PY 2003 BP 9 EP 12 DI 10.1109/KIMAS.2003.1245013 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BX83C UT WOS:000186578300002 ER PT B AU Klose, DR AF Klose, DR BE Hexmoor, H TI Agent-based systems key enabler for the Army's future force SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTEGRATION OF KNOWLEDGE INTENSIVE MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS: KIMAS'03: MODELING, EXPLORATION, AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intenzive Multi-Agent Systems CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 2003 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Neural Network Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, INNS, USAF, USA, USN, DARPA AB The objective of this paper is to identify and discuss several potential application areas for intelligent agent technology that will enable the US Army to rapidly transform itself from its current military organization and operational capabilities to that of a future, more modern force structure. The thrust of the US Army's transformation concept is to evolve to a lighter, leaner, faster, more highly mobile and agile, command-centric, combined arms force structure that lives in a network-centric world and leverages state of the art information technologies to interpret and understand the evolving battlefield situation and take decisive action before his adversary. In this paper, we will discuss how the implementation of the military decision making process is changing under the Army's transitioning to its future force structure and how and where the application of agent-based systems will be the essential enabler. C1 USA, CERDEC Command & Control C2 Directorate, AMSEL RD C2 SS, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Klose, DR (reprint author), USA, CERDEC Command & Control C2 Directorate, AMSEL RD C2 SS, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7958-6 PY 2003 BP 249 EP 254 DI 10.1109/KIMAS.2003.1245053 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BX83C UT WOS:000186578300042 ER PT B AU Litt, JS Wong, E Krasowski, MJ Greer, LC AF Litt, JS Wong, E Krasowski, MJ Greer, LC BE Hexmoor, H TI Cooperative multi-agent mobile sensor platforms for jet engine inspection - Concept and implementation SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTEGRATION OF KNOWLEDGE INTENSIVE MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS: KIMAS'03: MODELING, EXPLORATION, AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intenzive Multi-Agent Systems CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 2003 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Neural Network Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, INNS, USAF, USA, USN, DARPA AB Cooperative behavior algorithms utilizing swarm intelligence are being developed for mobile sensor platforms to inspect jet engines on-wing. Experiments are planned in which several relatively simple autonomous platforms will work together in a coordinated fashion to carry out complex maintenance-type tasks within the constrained working environment modeled on the interior of a turbofan engine. The algorithms will emphasize distribution of the tasks among multiple units; they will be scalable and flexible so that units may be added in the future; and will be designed to operate on an individual unit level to produce the desired global effect. This proof of concept demonstration will validate the algorithms and provide justification for further miniaturization and specialization of the hardware toward the true application of on-wing in situ turbine engine maintenance. C1 USA, Res Lab, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Litt, JS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7958-6 PY 2003 BP 716 EP 721 DI 10.1109/KIMAS.2003.1245126 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BX83C UT WOS:000186578300115 ER PT J AU Dutta, PK Mosallam, A AF Dutta, PK Mosallam, A TI A rapid field test method to evaluate concrete composite adhesive bonding SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS & PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering CY DEC, 2001 CL HONG KONG DE adhesives; concrete; cold; low temperature; curing; concrete repairing; composite repairing AB Results of an experimental study on a method to evaluate the performance of structural adhesives to repair or upgrade concrete structures have been presented. Tests were made for extremely harsh conditions so that the proposed method can be utilized at field sites as an inspection and evaluation tool. The strength of the adhesive bond is dependent, to a large extent, on how it is cured. Bond strength is a function of the temperature and time at which it cures as well the proper surface pretreatment. Four different adhesive systems were tested by mixing and curing them over a wide range of temperatures (-34 to 49degreesC). The tests were performed using an innovative bond strength measuring system, which uses a steel shear nut and a torquing system. The results show a dramatic effect of time and temperature of the cure on the bond strength, and significant variation in strengths between the adhesives made by various manufacturers. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVE 15 PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVE 15, SWITZERLAND SN 0268-1900 J9 INT J MATER PROD TEC JI Int. J. Mater. Prod. Technol. PY 2003 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 67 DI 10.1504/IJMPT.2003.003552 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 689RX UT WOS:000183507700006 ER PT J AU Dutta, PK AF Dutta, PK TI An investigation into the design and manufacture of FRP composite W-beam guardrail SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS & PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering CY DEC, 2001 CL HONG KONG DE FRP composites; guardrails; highway barriers; highway safety structures; W-beam; composite guardrail AB This paper discusses the design and manufacture of highway guardrail of W-shape with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite material and its testing. As a first approximation, laminate theory was used for the lay-up decision of the initial batch, and then the design was refined through a series of trial runs before the target 482 MPa (70,000 psi) tensile strength was achieved. The manufacturing process was done by the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process. The test results showed that while the FRP W-beam tensile strength was of the same order of magnitude as that of steel, the flexural stiffness was approximately one-third that of the standard AASHTO steel W-beam guardrail. Also, under flexure, even a fractured FRP W-beam bounces back to a linear shape after the load is removed, which suggests that, perhaps, in highway installations, post-damage replacement could be delayed longer than for the steel W-beams. The study showed that it is feasible to manufacture W-beam profile guardrails of different thickness to obtain the desired strength, stiffness, and impact characteristics. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVE 15 PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVE 15, SWITZERLAND SN 0268-1900 J9 INT J MATER PROD TEC JI Int. J. Mater. Prod. Technol. PY 2003 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 130 EP 152 DI 10.1504/IJMPT.2003.003547 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 689RX UT WOS:000183507700012 ER PT J AU Henz, BJ Tamma, KK Kanapady, R Ngo, ND Chung, PW AF Henz, BJ Tamma, KK Kanapady, R Ngo, ND Chung, PW TI Process modeling of composites by resin transfer molding: practical applications of sensitivity analysis for isothermal considerations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL METHODS FOR HEAT & FLUID FLOW LA English DT Article DE sensitivity analysis; resins; moulding; finite elements ID MANUFACTURING APPLICATIONS; PROCESS MODELING/ANALYSIS; OPTIMAL-DESIGN; MOVING FRONTS; SIMULATIONS; OPTIMIZATION; TRACKING; VOLUME; THICK AB The resin transfer molding Process for composites manufacturing consists of either of two considerations, namely, the fluid flow analysis through a porous fiber Preform where the location of the flow front is of fundamental importance, and the combined flow/heat transfer/cure analysis. In this paper, the continuous sensitivity formulations are developed for the process modeling of composites manufactured by RTM to predict, analyze, and optimize the manufacturing process. Attention is focused here on developments for isothermal flow simulations, and various illustrative examples are presented for sensitivity analysis of Practical applications which help serve as a design tool in the process modeling stages. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Engn Mech, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Henz, BJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0961-5539 J9 INT J NUMER METHOD H JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Heat Fluid Flow PY 2003 VL 13 IS 4 BP 415 EP 447 DI 10.1108/09615530310475894 PG 33 WC Thermodynamics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 855GO UT WOS:000223961500002 ER PT J AU Lalande, TL Skipper, HD Wolf, DC Reynolds, CM Freedman, DL Pinkerton, BW Hartel, PG Grimes, LW AF Lalande, TL Skipper, HD Wolf, DC Reynolds, CM Freedman, DL Pinkerton, BW Hartel, PG Grimes, LW TI Phytoremediation of pyrene in a Cecil soil under field conditions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE phytoremediation; pyrene; ryegrass; bioremediation; nutrients ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CONTAMINATED SOIL; FATE; BIODEGRADATION; RHIZOSPHERE; DEGRADATION; VOLATILIZATION; DISSIPATION; ALFALFA; SITES AB We evaluated the effects of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and phosphorus (P) availability on the dissipation of pyrene added at a concentration of approximately 600 mg kg(-1) dry soil in the top 7.5 cm of a Cecil loamy sand (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) in a 10-month experiment under field conditions in Clemson, South Carolina. Plastic canopies were installed to prevent flooding of plots and raindrop dispersion of pyrene. Treatment factors were pyrene, vegetation, and available P levels. Each of the eight treatments had four replicates. The soil was adjusted to low and high P concentrations (an average of 41 and 66 kg extractable P ha(-1), respectively). After a 175-d lag period for all treatments, the rate of pyrene removal followed first-order kinetics. The first-order rate constant was significantly higher in nonvegetated (0.098 d(-1)) than vegetated treatments (0.034 d(-1)). These data suggest that the presence of easily biodegradable organic matter from plant roots slowed the removal rate of pyrene. The levels of available P did not affect the rate of pyrene dissipation. Pyrene decreased below the detection limit of 6.25 mg kg(-1) dry soil in all treatments after 301 d. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Expt Stat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Skipper, HD (reprint author), Poole Agr Ctr, 203, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 34 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1080/16226510390856439 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 663KU UT WOS:000182005400001 PM 12710231 ER PT J AU White, PM Wolf, DC Thoma, GJ Reynolds, CM AF White, PM Wolf, DC Thoma, GJ Reynolds, CM TI Influence of organic and inorganic soil amendments on plant growth in crude oil-contaminated soil SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE phytoremediation; TPH; petroleum; broiler litter ID PHYTOREMEDIATION; RHIZOSPHERE; REMEDIATION; BIOREMEDIATION; HYDROCARBONS; RYEGRASS; NITROGEN; IMPACT; SLUDGE; CARBON AB Phytoremediation can be a viable alternative to traditional, more costly remediation techniques. Three greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate plant growth with different soil amendments in crude oil-contaminated soil. Growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., cultivar: Riley), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L., cultivar: Common), crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis, cultivar: Large), fescue (Lolium arundinaceum Schreb., cultivar: Kentucky 31), and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., cultivar: Marshall) was determined in crude oil-contaminated soil amended with either inorganic fertilizer, hardwood sawdust, papermill sludge, broiler litter or unamended (control). In the first study, the addition of broiler litter reduced seed germination for ryegrass, fescue, and alfalfa. In the second study, bermudagrass grown in broiler litter-amended soil produced the most shoot biomass, bermudagrass produced the most root biomass, and crabgrass and bermudagrass produced the most root length. In the third study, soil amended with broiler litter resulted in the greatest reduction in gravimetric total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) levels across the six plant treatments following the 14-wk study. Ryegrass produced more root biomass than any other species when grown in inorganic fertilizer- or hardwood sawdust + inorganic fertilizer-amended soil. The studies demonstrated that soil amendments and plant species selection were important considerations for phytoremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, USACE Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP White, PM (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM pmwhite@ksu.edu; dwolf@uark.edu; gthoma@uark.edu; reynolds@crrel.usace.army.mil RI Thoma, Greg/B-6652-2012 NR 37 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 381 EP 397 DI 10.1080/16226510390268775 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 763XV UT WOS:000188126500007 PM 14750564 ER PT J AU Scheidler, M Wright, TW AF Scheidler, M Wright, TW TI Classes of flow rules for finite viscoplasticity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE constitutive behaviour; elastic-viscoplastic material; finite strain; anisotropic material ID MAXIMUM-DISSIPATION PRINCIPLE; DEFORMATION PLASTICITY; INELASTIC BEHAVIOR; ELASTOPLASTICITY; TENSORS; STRESS; KINEMATICS; MECHANICS; FRAMEWORK; CONTINUA AB Classes of flow rules for finite viscoplasticity are defined by assuming that certain measures for plastic strain rate and plastic spin depend on the state variables but not on the plastic deformation. It is shown that three of these classes are mutually exclusive for finite elastic strains. For small elastic shear strains, two of the three classes are approximately equivalent. A number of exact and approximate kinematic relations between the various measures for plastic strain rate and plastic spin are derived. Some inconsistent flow rules encountered in the literature are also discussed. Throughout the paper, arbitrarily anisotropic materials are considered, and some of the simplifications resulting from the assumption of isotropy are noted. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Scheidler, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mjs@arl.army.mil NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2003 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1119 EP 1165 AR PII S0749-6419(02)00012-8 DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(02)00012-8 PG 47 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 658JY UT WOS:000181718900002 ER PT J AU Chronowski, GM Wilder, RB Tucker, SL Ha, CS Younes, A Fayad, L Rodriguez, MA Hagemeister, FB Barista, I Cox, JD AF Chronowski, GM Wilder, RB Tucker, SL Ha, CS Younes, A Fayad, L Rodriguez, MA Hagemeister, FB Barista, I Cox, JD TI Analysis of in-field control and late toxicity for adults with early-stage Hodgkin's disease treated with chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Therapeutic-Radiology-and-Oncology CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Therapeut Radiol & Oncol DE Hodgkin's disease; chemotherapy; radiotherapy; heart diseases; second primary neoplasms ID LOW-DOSE RADIATION; 2ND MALIGNANCIES; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; BREAST-CANCER; RISK; EXPERIENCE; MODALITY; THERAPY; IRRADIATION; VINCRISTINE AB Purpose: We analyzed in-field (IF) control in adults with early-stage Hodgkin's disease who received chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy (RT) in terms of the (1) chemotherapeutic regimen used and number of cycles delivered, (2) response to chemotherapy, and (3) initial tumor size. Cardiac toxicity and second malignancies, particularly the incidence of solid tumors in terms of the RT field size treated, were also examined. Methods and Materials: From 1980 to 1995, 286 patients ranging in age from 16 to 88 years (median: 28 years) with Ann Arbor clinical Stage I or II Hodgkin's disease underwent chemotherapy followed 3 to 4 weeks later by RT. There were 516 nodal sites measuring 0.5 to 19.0 cm at the start of chemotherapy, including 134 cases of bulky mediastinal disease. NOVP, MOPP, ABVD, CVPP/ABDIC, and other chemotherapeutic regimens were given to 161, 67, 19, 18, and 21 patients, respectively. Patients received 1-8 (median: 3) cycles of induction chemotherapy. All 533 gross nodal and extranodal sites of disease were included in the RT fields. The median prescribed RT dose for gross disease was 40.0 Gy given in 20 daily 2.0-Gy fractions. There was little variation in the RT dose. Eighty-five patients were treated with involved-field or regional RT (to one side of the diaphragm), and 201 patients were treated with extended-field RT (to both sides of the diaphragm), based on the protocol on which they were enrolled. Results: Follow-up of surviving patients ranged from 1.3 to 19.9 years (median: 7.4 years). Based on a review of simulation films, there were 16 IF, 8 marginal, and 15 out-of-field recurrences. The chemotherapeutic regimen used and the number of cycles of chemotherapy delivered did not significantly affect IF control. IF control also did not significantly depend on the response to induction chemotherapy. In cases where there was a confirmed or unconfirmed complete response as opposed to a partial response or stable disease in response to induction chemotherapy for bulky nodal disease, the 5-year IF control rates were 99 % and 92 %, respectively (p = 0.0006). The 15-year actuarial risks of coronary artery disease requiring surgical intervention and of solid tumors were 4.1 % and 16.8 %, respectively. There was a trend toward a greater risk of solid tumors in patients who received extended-field RT rather than involved-field or regional RT (p = 0.08). Conclusions: In patients with nonbulky disease, induction chemotherapy followed by RT to a median dose of 40.0 Gy resulted in excellent IF control, regardless of the chemotherapeutic regimen used, the fact that only 1-2 cycles of chemotherapy were delivered, and the response to chemotherapy. There was a trend toward a higher incidence of solid tumors in patients who received consolidation RT to both sides rather than only one side of the diaphragm. Ongoing Phase III trials will help clarify whether lower RT doses and smaller RT fields after chemotherapy can maintain the IF control seen in our study, but with a lower incidence of late complications in patients with Stage I or II Hodgkin's disease. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Biomath, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Lymphona, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Wilder, RB (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Radiat Therapy Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 16672, CA 6294] NR 47 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 55 IS 1 BP 36 EP 43 AR PII S0360-3016(02)03915-9 DI 10.1016/S0360-3016(02)03915-9 PG 8 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 647BD UT WOS:000181070600007 PM 12504034 ER PT J AU Peters, JF Heymsfield, E AF Peters, JF Heymsfield, E TI Application of the 2-D constant strain assumption to FEM elements consisting of an arbitrary number of nodes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE hourglassing; spurious modes shapes; stabilization; finite elements ID ONE-POINT QUADRATURE; PLATE ELEMENT; STABILIZATION; MESHES AB The formulation for the constant strain element is revisited to develop multi-noded elements that can be used as transition elements in a finite element mesh. Although the constant strain approach is computationally attractive, spurious force-free displacement modes arise for elements consisting of more than three nodes. These unstable mode shapes are typified by "hourglassing" which develops in quadrilateral elements when constant strain is assumed within the element. The means for stabilizing spurious mode shapes for quadrilateral elements is well documented in the literature, however, in this paper, a general formulation for stabilizing forces is presented for elements having an arbitrary number of nodes and therefore is not restricted to quadrilateral elements. This paper examines the use of meshes consisting of constant strain elements created from polygons having differing numbers of element nodes. The effectiveness of the stabilization procedure is illustrated along with "patch test" examples to assess the consistency of the approximation. The elements are shown to be surprisingly robust, yielding reasonable results even when poorly designed mesh transitions are used. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Civil Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Heymsfield, E (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Civil Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 40 IS 1 BP 143 EP 159 AR PII S0020-7683(02)00521-8 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(02)00521-8 PG 17 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 630HJ UT WOS:000180101200009 ER PT B AU James, JR Mabry, F AF James, JR Mabry, F BE Jacobs, A TI Using the trees to find the forest - Trustworthy computing as a systems-level issue SO IWIA 2003: FIRST IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INFORMATION ASSURANCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE International Workshop on Information Assurance (IWIA 2003) CY MAR 24, 2003 CL FRAUNHOFER IGD, DARMSTADT, GERMANY SP IEEE Task Force Informat Assurance HO FRAUNHOFER IGD DE information assurance; component; architecture; model; enterprise processes; attack plan AB There is a need to provide information system managers with better tools to estimate the trustworthiness of an information system. We believe it is necessary to consider trustworthiness of an enterprise information system as being more than. an estimate of the reliability of the individual components. Some approach for analyzing component-level attacks to evaluate the impact on enterprise-level goals is needed as well as some approach for analyzing a series of information system attacks as part of a possible attack plan against the enterprise. Lower-level sensing of malicious activities and reaction to these activities is necessary to maintain reliability of individual information system components. However, too much of the current research effort is directed at component-level activity detection and reaction and too little of the current effort is directed at enterprise-level detection and reaction. We provide some thoughts on what is needed to be able to accumulate estimates of reliabilities of information system components into estimates of trustworthiness of information systems. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP James, JR (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1886-9 PY 2003 BP 109 EP 111 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BW47U UT WOS:000182116500010 ER PT J AU Ratto-Kim, S Loomis-Price, LD Aronson, N Grimes, J Hill, C Williams, C El Habib, R Birx, DL Kim, JH AF Ratto-Kim, S Loomis-Price, LD Aronson, N Grimes, J Hill, C Williams, C El Habib, R Birx, DL Kim, JH TI Comparison between Env-specific T-cell epitopic responses in HIV-1-uninfected adults immunized with combination of ALVAC-HIV(vCP205) plus or minus rgp160MN/LAI-2 and HIV-1-infected adults SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE T-helper responses; HIV-1-uninfected adults; ALVAC-HIV(vCP205) in combination with rgp160MN/LAI-2; HIV-1-infected adults ID HIV-1-SEROPOSITIVE PATIENTS; LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; TYPE-1 VACCINE; CLADE-B; HIV-1; INFECTION; VOLUNTEERS; HELP; RECOGNITION; MEMORY AB In this study, we investigated the CD4(+) T-helper response induced by ALVAC-HIV(vCP205) +/- rgp160MN/LAI-2 using a series of 15 overlapping amino acid peptides spanning the entire gp160MN/LAI-2 antigen. CD4(+) Env-specific T-cell lines were established from three groups of HIV-1-negative HIV vaccine recipients: vCP205 + gp160MN/LAI-2, vCP205 only, and gp160MN/LAI-2 only. CD4(+) Env-specific T-cell lines established from individuals who received the prime-boost vCP205 + rgp160MN/LAI-2 generated strong and broad T-helper responses scattered across the Env sequence, whereas Env-specific T-cell lines from individuals receiving the vCP205 vaccine alone generated reactivity to only a few peptides. CD4(+)-specific T-cell lines were also established from HIV-1-infected individuals and demonstrated poor reactogenicity to Env peptides in both breadth and amplitude of response. These results highlight the complexity of major histocompatibility complex class II presentation and CD4(+) antigen-specific reactivity, emphasizing the need to better understand these crucial T-helper cell responses in the setting of HIV infection and HIV vaccine development. C1 Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Aventis Pasteur, Lyon, France. RP Ratto-Kim, S (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Sch Med, Hawaii AIDS Clin Res Program, Pacific Biomed Res Ctr,Leahi Hosp, Young Bldg,5th Floor,3675 Kilauea Ave, Honolulu, HI 96816 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS JI JAIDS PD JAN PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 9 EP 17 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 635PH UT WOS:000180407600003 PM 12514409 ER PT J AU Lewis, CL Moser, MA Hang, W Dale, DE Hassell, DC Majidi, V AF Lewis, CL Moser, MA Hang, W Dale, DE Hassell, DC Majidi, V TI Influence of discharge parameters on real-time chemical speciation for gas chromatography pulsed glow discharge plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION SOURCE AB A millisecond pulsed glow discharge ionization source was employed for the determination of aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Chemical speciation employed four separate dimensions that incorporate analyte volatility, elemental constituents, chemical structure, and molecular weight. Analyses were performed in real time using a gas chromatograph that was interfaced to a pulsed glow discharge time-of-flight mass spectrometer. This instrument allowed for the sequential collection of the complete mass spectrum at three different time regimes occurring during the glow discharge pulse cycle. This report focuses on discharge parameters such as pressure and sampling distance that enhance or suppress different ionization processes. Increasing the ion source pressure resulted in a decrease in analyte ionization and sampling efficiency. Ions sampled in close proximity to the cathode surface demonstrated the best elemental sensitivity. Sampling ions at increasing distance, in the negative glow, produced structural information in the form of fragmentation patterns similar to conventional 70 eV electron impact spectra. Molecular weight information obtained after power termination was ascertained from M+ and MH+ ions. At very small distances, the most dominant molecular peak was the M+ ion produced by the Penning process. At increased sampling distances molecular peaks were dominated by MH+ ions; the ionization mechanism is attributed to proton transfer reactions from background species such as ArH+. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lewisc@lanl.gov NR 19 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 EI 1364-5544 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2003 VL 18 IS 6 BP 629 EP 636 DI 10.1039/b212795b PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 686BN UT WOS:000183300800018 ER PT J AU Stein, K Tezduyar, T Kumar, V Sathe, S Benney, R Thornburg, E Kyle, C Nonoshita, T AF Stein, K Tezduyar, T Kumar, V Sathe, S Benney, R Thornburg, E Kyle, C Nonoshita, T TI Aerodynamic interactions between parachute canopies SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID SPACE-TIME PROCEDURE; MOVING BOUNDARIES; COMPUTATIONS; INTERFACES; INFLATION; DYNAMICS; STRATEGY; FLOWS AB Aerodynamic interactions between parachute canopies can occur when two separate parachutes come close to each other or in a cluster of parachutes. For the case of two separate parachutes, our computational study focuses on the effect of the separation distance on the aerodynamic interactions, and also focuses on the fluid-structure interactions with given initial relative positions. For the aerodynamic interactions between the canopies of a cluster of parachutes, we focus on the effect of varying the number and arrangement of the canopies. C1 Bethel Coll, Dept Phys, St Paul, MN 55112 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. Nepon Inc, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Stein, K (reprint author), Bethel Coll, Dept Phys, St Paul, MN 55112 USA. RI Tezduyar, Tayfun/F-6134-2012 OI Tezduyar, Tayfun/0000-0001-8707-3162 NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2003 VL 70 IS 1 BP 50 EP 57 DI 10.1115/1.1530634 PG 8 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 647AG UT WOS:000181068600008 ER PT J AU Henderson, JE Kirk, JP Lamprecht, SD Hayes, WE AF Henderson, JE Kirk, JP Lamprecht, SD Hayes, WE TI Economic impacts of aquatic vegetation to angling in two South Carolina reservoirs SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE economic value; aquatic plant management; angling; recreation ID IMPOUNDMENTS; ABUNDANCE AB Angler creel surveys and economic impact models were used to evaluate potential expansion of aquatic vegetation in Lakes Murray and Moultrie, South Carolina. During this study, average trip expenditures ranged from $14.60 to $247.57 depending upon angler category, angling location, and duration of the trip. Boat anglers remaining overnight had the highest trip expenditures. Anglers were asked their angling efforts at current level of aquatic plant coverage, at an intermediate level of coverage, and at former peak levels of coverage. Current coverage at Lake Moultrie is 20 ha and peak levels were 9,090 ha; current coverage at Lake Murray is 790 ha and peak levels were 1,336 ha. Based upon their experiences with aquatic vegetation, all categories of anglers preferred increased aquatic vegetation. Increasing plant coverage from current levels would increase angling effort by 11% to 14% and increase economic activity in selected economic sectors, such as lodging, by 18% to 63%. Expenditure data and economic impact models are an improved way, compared to summarized trip expenditures, to measure economic contributions of angling. Other groups such as pleasure boaters, water skiers, hunters, and homeowners along the lakes should be studied using similar methods. Taken together, such studies incorporate public preferences, perceptions, as well as economic benefits in the local economy and provide justification for aquatic plant management. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Dennis Wildlife Ctr, Bonneau, SC 29431 USA. S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Greenwood, SC 29649 USA. RP Henderson, JE (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 41 BP 53 EP 56 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 678QV UT WOS:000182878700010 ER PT J AU Hargrave, MD Carcia, CR Gansneder, BM Shultz, SJ AF Hargrave, MD Carcia, CR Gansneder, BM Shultz, SJ TI Subtalar pronation does not influence impact forces or rate of loading during a single-leg landing SO JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC TRAINING LA English DT Article DE drop jump; subtalar motion; landing style; force absorption ID GROUND REACTION FORCES; CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURY; LOWER-EXTREMITY; RISK-FACTORS; ACL INJURY; FOOT; DROP; HEIGHT; KINEMATICS; KINETICS AB Objective: To identify the influence of static subtalar pronation (as measured by weight-bearing navicular drop [ND]) on ground impact forces and rate of loading during a single-leg landing. Design and Setting: Subjects were grouped (n = 16 per group) on the basis of weight-bearing ND scores (supinators, <5 mm; neutral, 5-10 mm; pronators, >10 mm). Subjects performed 5 single-leg landings, dropping from a 0.3-m height onto a force platform. An electrogoniometer simultaneously recorded sagittal knee range of motion during the landing task. Subjects: Forty-eight healthy volunteers participated. Measurements: Peak vertical force was defined as the highest force recorded in the F, direction during landing. Rate of loading was defined as the peak vertical force divided by the time to reach the peak vertical force. Knee-flexion excursion was defined as the change in knee-flexion range from initial contact to peak vertical force. Results: Peak vertical force (P =.769) and rate of loading (P =.703) did not differ among groups. Although secondary analyses identified significant negative correlations between peak force and rate of loading with knee excursion, the amount of knee excursion was similar among groups (P =.744). Conclusions: Our results de-emphasize the influence of static anatomical foot alignment on impact forces and absorption during a single-leg drop landing and provide further support for the role of knee flexion in dissipation of landing forces. Further investigations are needed to fully elucidate the role of subtalar pronation and other lower extremity alignment factors in force dissipation during dynamic functional activities. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Exercise & Sport Sci, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Duquesne Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Shultz, SJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Exercise & Sport Sci, 237B HHP Bldg,POB 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. NR 45 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ATHLETIC TRAINERS ASSOC INC PI DALLAS PA 2952 STEMMONS FREEWAY, DALLAS, TX 75247 USA SN 1062-6050 J9 J ATHL TRAINING JI J. Athl. Train. PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 38 IS 1 BP 18 EP 23 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 662VJ UT WOS:000181969300003 ER PT J AU Globus, TR Woolard, DL Khromova, T Crowe, TW Bykhovskaia, M Gelmont, BL Hesler, J Samuels, AC AF Globus, TR Woolard, DL Khromova, T Crowe, TW Bykhovskaia, M Gelmont, BL Hesler, J Samuels, AC TI THz-spectroscopy of biological molecules SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE absorption; anisotropy; biological molecules; terahertz; transmission spectroscopy; vibration modes ID FAR-INFRARED ABSORPTION; NORMAL-MODE ANALYSIS; DOUBLE HELIX; DNA; SPECTRA; POLYMER; FILMS; RNA AB The terahertz frequency absorption spectra of DNA molecules reflect low-frequency internal helical vibrations involving rigidly bound subgroups that are connected by the weakest bonds, including the hydrogen bonds of the DNA base pairs, and/or non-bonded interactions. Although numerous difficulties make the direct identification of terahertz phonon modes in biological materials very challenging, our research has shown that such measurements are both possible and fruitful. Spectra of different DNA samples reveal a large number of modes and a reasonable level of sequence-specific uniqueness. In an attempt to show that the long wavelength absorption features are intrinsic properties of biological materials determined by phonon modes, a normal mode analysis has been used to predict the absorption spectra of polynucleotide RNA Poly[G]-Poly[C]. Direct comparison demonstrated a correlation between calculated and experimentally observed spectra of the RNA polymers, thus confirming that the fundamental physical nature of the observed resonance structure is caused by the internal vibration modes in the macromolecules. In this work we demonstrate results from Fourier-Transform Infrared ( FTIR) spectroscopy of DNA macromolecules and related biological materials in the terahertz frequency range. Careful attention was paid to the possibility of interference or etalon effects in the samples, and phenomena were clearly differentiated from the actual phonon modes. In addition, we studied the dependence of transmission spectra of aligned DNA and polynucleotide film samples on molecule orientation relative to the electromagnetic field, showing the expected change in mode strength as a function of sample orientation. Further, the absorption characteristics were extracted from the transmission data using the interference spectroscopy technique, and a strong anisotropy of terahertz characteristics was demonstrated. C1 Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. USA, Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. USA, SCBRD, Edgewood, MD USA. NR 29 TC 121 Z9 123 U1 4 U2 46 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0092-0606 J9 J BIOL PHYS JI J. Biol. Phys. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 2-3 BP 89 EP 100 DI 10.1023/A:1024420104400 PG 12 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 693EN UT WOS:000183703600003 PM 23345823 ER PT J AU LaFiandra, M Wagenaar, RC Holt, KG Obusek, JP AF LaFiandra, M Wagenaar, RC Holt, KG Obusek, JP TI How do load carriage and walking speed influence trunk coordination and stride parameters? SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE backpack; kinematics; transverse plane ID PATTERNS AB To determine the effects of load carriage and walking speed on stride parameters and the coordination of trunk movements, 12 subjects walked on a treadmill at a range of walking speeds (0.6-1.6 m s(-1)) with and without a backpack containing 40% of their body mass. It was hypothesized that compared to unloaded walking, load carriage decreases transverse pelvic and thoracic rotation, the mean relative phase between pelvic and thoracic rotations, and increases hip excursion. In addition, it was hypothesized that these changes would coincide with a decreased stride length and increased stride frequency. The findings supported the hypotheses. Dimensionless analyses indicated that there was a significantly larger contribution of hip excursion and smaller contribution of transverse plane pelvic rotation to increases in stride length during load carriage. In addition, there was a significant effect of load carriage on the amplitudes of transverse pelvic and thoracic rotation and the relative phase of pelvic and thoracic rotation. It was concluded that the shorter stride length and higher stride frequency observed when carrying a backpack is the result of decreased pelvic rotation. During unloaded walking, increases in pelvic rotation contribute to increases in stride length with increasing walking speed. The decreased pelvic rotation during load carriage requires an increased hip excursion to compensate. However, the increase in hip excursion is insufficient to fully compensate for the observed decrease in pelvis rotation, requiring an increase in stride frequency during load carriage to maintain a constant walking speed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Boston Univ, Sargent Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP LaFiandra, M (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, 42 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 14 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 36 IS 1 BP 87 EP 95 AR PII S0021-9290(02)00243-9 DI 10.1016/S0021-9290(02)00243-9 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 640KU UT WOS:000180688700010 PM 12485642 ER PT J AU Shawen, SB Belmont, PJ Klemme, WR Topoleski, T Xenos, JS Orchowski, JR AF Shawen, SB Belmont, PJ Klemme, WR Topoleski, T Xenos, JS Orchowski, JR TI Osteoporosis and anterior femoral notching in periprosthetic supracondylar femoral fractures - A biomechanical analysis SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; HIP-FRACTURES; SINGH INDEX; PREDICTION; SITES AB Background: This biomechanical study was designed to evaluate the predictive ability of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, cortical bone geometry as determined with computed tomography, and radiography in the assessment of torsional load to failure in femora with and without notching. Methods: Thirteen matched pairs of cadaveric femora were randomized into two groups: a notched group, which consisted of femora with a 3-mm anterior cortical defect, and an unnotched group of controls. Each pair then underwent torsional load to failure. The ability of a number of measures to predict femoral torsional load to failure was assessed with use of regression analysis. These measures included dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans of the proximal and the distal part of the femur, geometric measures of both anterior and posterior cortical thickness as well as the polar moment of inertia of the distal part of the femur as calculated on computed tomography scans, and the Singh osteoporosis index as determined on radiographs. Results: The torsional load to failure averaged 98.9 N-m for the notched femora and 143.9 N-m for the controls; the difference was significant (p < 0.01). Although several variables correlated with torsional load to failure, distal femoral bone-mineral density demonstrated the highest significant correlation (r = 0.85; p < 0.001). Moreover, multiple regression analysis showed that a combination of distal femoral bone-mineral density and polar moment of inertia calculated with the posterior cortical thickness (adjusted r(2) = 0.79; p < 0.001) had the strongest prediction of torsional load to failure in the notched group. The addition of other measures of cortical bone geometry, proximal femoral bone-mineral density, or radiographic evidence of osteopenia did not significantly increase the model's predictive ability. Conclusions: Femoral notching significantly decreases distal femoral torsional load to failure and is best predicted by a combination of the measures of distal femoral bone-mineral density and polar moment of inertia. Together, these values account for the amount of bone mass present and the stability provided by the cortical shell architecture. Clinical Relevance: Femoral notching during total knee arthroplasty decreases distal femoral torsional load to failure. By examination of femoral bone density and distal femoral geometry, the relative decrease in torsional load to failure can be predicted and appropriate precautions taken. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Shawen, SB (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Belmont, Philip/0000-0003-2618-199X NR 32 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 85A IS 1 BP 115 EP 121 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 631DT UT WOS:000180152900018 PM 12533581 ER PT J AU Williams, AJ Hale, SL Moffett, JR Dave, JR Elliott, PJ Adams, J Tortella, FC AF Williams, AJ Hale, SL Moffett, JR Dave, JR Elliott, PJ Adams, J Tortella, FC TI Delayed treatment with MLN519 reduces infarction and associated neurologic deficit caused by focal ischemic brain injury in rats via antiinflammatory mechanisms involving nuclear factor-kappa B activation, gliosis, and leukocyte infiltration SO JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE middle cerebral artery occlusion; ischemia; proteasome inhibitor; stroke; NF kappa B; MLN519 ID CEREBRAL-ARTERY OCCLUSION; D-ASPARTATE ANTAGONIST; CELL-DEATH; REPERFUSION INJURY; TRANSIENT; STROKE; MODEL; INFLAMMATION; INHIBITOR; NEURONS AB Secondary brain injury due to ischemia includes the infiltration of leukocytes into the brain parenchyma mediated by activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), which is activated by proteasome degradation. Neuroprotection with the proteasome inhibitor MLN519 has previously been reported to decrease ischemic brain injury in rats. The authors used higher doses of MLN519 to evaluate the neuroprotection therapeutic window after 24 hours of brain injury in rats as correlated to proteasome levels, activated NF-kappaB immunoreactivity, and leukocyte infiltration. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 2-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and recovery. MLN519 or vehicle was administered after injury with a single injection given in delayed increments of 2 hours (i.e., 4, 6, or 8 hours after MCAO). Treatment with MLN519 up to 6 hours after MCAO (4 hours after reperfusion) effectively reduced neuronal and astrocytic degeneration, decreased cortical infarct volume, and increased neurologic recovery. These effects were related to >80% reductions in blood proteasome levels, reduced neutrophil infiltration, and a decrease in activated NF-kappaB immunoreactivity. This improved neuroprotection profile and antiinflammatory effect of MLN519 provides an exciting avenue for potential treatment of focal ischemic brain injury in humans. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Dept Neuropharmacol & Mol Biol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Combinato RX, Boston, MA USA. Millenium Pharmaceut, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Williams, AJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Dept Neuropharmacol & Mol Biol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 51 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0271-678X J9 J CEREBR BLOOD F MET JI J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 75 EP 87 DI 10.1097/01.WCB.0000039285.37737.C2 PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Hematology; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Hematology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 629LW UT WOS:000180052000008 PM 12500093 ER PT J AU Rowinsky, EK Rizzo, J Ochoa, L Takimoto, CH Forouzesh, B Schwartz, G Hammond, LA Patnaik, A Kwiatek, J Goetz, A Denis, L McGuire, J Tolcher, AW AF Rowinsky, EK Rizzo, J Ochoa, L Takimoto, CH Forouzesh, B Schwartz, G Hammond, LA Patnaik, A Kwiatek, J Goetz, A Denis, L McGuire, J Tolcher, AW TI A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of pegylated camptothecin as a 1-hour infusion every 3 weeks in patients with advanced solid malignancies SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY MAY 19-23, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol ID DRUG-DELIVERY SYSTEMS; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; ANTITUMOR-ACTIVITY; TRANSPORT FORMS; NSC-100880; PRODRUGS; ACCUMULATION; CONJUGATION; ANALOGS; LACTONE AB Purpose : To assess the feasibility of administering camptothecin (CPT), the prototypic topoisomerase I inhibitor, as polyethylene glycol (PEG)-CPT, a macromolecule consisting of CPT conjugated to chemically modified PEG. The study also sought to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of PEG-CPT, characterize its pharmacokinetic behavior, and seek preliminary evidence of anticancer activity. Patients and Methods: Patients with advanced solid malignancies were treated with escalating doses of PEG-CPT as a 1-hour intravenous (IV) infusion every 3 weeks. A modified continual reassessment method was used for dose-level assignment to determine the MTD, which was defined as the highest dose level at which the incidence of dose-limiting toxicity did not exceed 20%. Results: Thirty-seven patients were treated with 144 courses of PEG-CPT at seven dose levels ranging from 600 to 8,750 mg/m(2). Severe myelosuppression was consistently experienced by heavily pretreated (HP) and minimally pretreated (MP) patients at the highest dose level evaluated, 8,750 mg/m(2), whereas both HP and MP patients tolerated repetitive treatment at 7,000 mg/m(2). Cystitis, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea were also observed but were rarely severe. A partial response was noted in a patient with platinum- and etoposide-resistant small-cell lung carcinoma, and minor responses were noted in one patient each with adenocarcinoma of unknown primary type and osteosarcoma. The pharmacokinetics of free CPT were dose proportional. Free CPT accumulated slowly in plasma, with maximal plasma concentrations achieved at 23 +/- 12.3 hours; the harmonic mean half-life t(1/2)) of free CPT was long t(1/2), 77.46 +/- 36.77 hours). Conclusion: Clinically relevant doses of CPT can be delivered by administering PEG-CPT. The recommended dose for phase 11 studies in both MP and HP patients is 7,000 mg/m(2) as 1-hour IV every 3 weeks. The characteristics of the myelosuppressive effects of PEG-CPT, the paucity of severe nonhematologic toxicities with repetitive treatment, the preliminary antitumor activity noted, and the slow clearance of CPT enabling simulation of desirable pharmacokinetic parameters with a convenient single-dosing regimen warrant further disease-directed evaluation (C) 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology. C1 Inst Drug Dev Canc Therapy, San Antonio, TX USA. Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Enzon Inc, Piscataway, NJ USA. RP Rowinsky, EK (reprint author), Inst Drug Dev Canc Therapy, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 36 TC 97 Z9 102 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 1 BP 148 EP 157 DI 10.1200/JCO.2003.03.143 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 685UF UT WOS:000183281100024 PM 12506184 ER PT J AU Labbate, LA Croft, HA Oleshansky, MA AF Labbate, LA Croft, HA Oleshansky, MA TI Antidepressant-related erectile dysfunction: Management via avoidance, switching antidepressants, antidotes, and adaptation SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION; SEROTONIN-REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; SUSTAINED-RELEASE BUPROPION; FLUOXETINE-INDUCED ANORGASMIA; DOUBLE-BLIND; MAJOR DEPRESSION; GINKGO-BILOBA; SAFETY PROFILE; SERTRALINE; MIRTAZAPINE AB The ideal antidepressant would control depression with no adverse effect on sexual function. Erectile dysfunction and other sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressant medication treatment are problems with many antidepressants and can lead to patient dissatisfaction and decreased compliance with treatment. A computerized MEDLINE search (English language, 1966-2003) was performed using the terms antidepressive agents, erectile dysfunction, and sexual dysfunction. Emphasis was placed on studies with specific sexual function measurements taken before and after treatment and placebo control. Mixed mediator, nonserotonergic antidepressants that block postsynaptic serotonin type 2 receptors (nefazodone, mirtazapine) or that primarily increase dopamine or norepinephrine levels (bupropion) were thought to be good choices for avoiding anti depressant-associated sexual dysfunction or for switching patients in whom antidepressant-associated sexual dysfunction emerged. Comparisons with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) have revealed less desire and orgasm dysfunction with nonserotonergic bupropion, less orgasm dysfunction with nefazodone, and superior overall satisfaction with sexual functioning with bupropion or nefazodone. However, most of these studies have design flaws that make evidence-based claims of efficacy difficult to substantiate. Agents proposed for antidote use in antidepressant-associated sexual dysfunction have either not been studied in men or not proved efficacious in randomized placebo-controlled trials. Switching to and augmentation with bupropion or nefazodone have also not clearly shown efficacy in controlled trials and require care and monitoring to avoid SRI discontinuation symptoms and loss of antidepressant efficacy. Few proposed treatment options, apart from avoidance, have proved effective for antidepressant-associated sexual dysfunction, which can have negative consequences on depression management. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, VAMC, Mental Hlth Serv, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. San Antonio Psychiat Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Labbate, LA (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, VAMC, Mental Hlth Serv, 109 Bee St,116, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. NR 82 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU PHYSICIANS POSTGRADUATE PRESS PI MEMPHIS PA P O BOX 240008, MEMPHIS, TN 38124 USA SN 0160-6689 J9 J CLIN PSYCHIAT JI J. Clin. Psychiatry PY 2003 VL 64 SU 10 BP 11 EP 19 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 724LL UT WOS:000185489000003 PM 12971811 ER PT J AU Sun, W Tzeng, JT AF Sun, W Tzeng, JT TI Homogenization modeling and effective mechanical constants for EM composite conductor with cooling channel SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE effective modeling; homogenization; composites; unit cell ID ROTATING MACHINES; STRESS; LAUNCH AB A homogenization modeling to predict the effective mechanical properties of electric machinery composite conductor consisting of metallic core with cooling channel, and multi-layer of insulating materials was presented. A two-level homogenization scheme to model complex composite with multi-phase materials and the validation of using finite element method was developed. Composite cylinder assembly model was adopted in the Level 1 homogenization for the metallic core and the cooling channel was analyzed as a fiber void with null material properties. The effective mechanical properties of the composite insulation layers were homogenized by smearing the properties of the multiple insulation layers of bonding, insulation and insulation-fiber-reinforced composite. Level 2 homogenization derived nine effective mechanical constants for conductor through a combined homogenization sequences. The good comparisons between the analytical predictions and the results obtained from the finite element analyses demonstrated the applicability of the model. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Sun, W (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2003 VL 37 IS 2 BP 147 EP 162 DI 10.1106/0021998003029406 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 653VA UT WOS:000181456700004 ER PT J AU Harik, VM Bogetti, TA AF Harik, VM Bogetti, TA TI Low cycle fatigue of composite laminates: A damage-mode-sensitive model SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Durability and Damage Tolerance of Heterogeneous Materials and Structures CY NOV 11-16, 2001 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK DE low cycle fatigue; composite laminates; S-N curves; notched plates bending AB Low cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of composite laminates is investigated along with the associated micromechanical damage. At the ply level, fatigue damage is described by a damage-mode-sensitive model, which is based on a family of S-N curves that are tailored for various types of damage. Since the LCF conditions may involve high loads reaching up to 90% of the material ultimate-strength, the S-N curves reflect unique LCF features such as non-cyclic and bi-linear corrections due to high property-degradation rates. The LCF characterization of laminates is based on authors' previous research and other relevant studies. The proposed fatigue model is implemented in a laminate and finite element analysis, and a case of a notched laminated plate is analyzed to examine accumulation of fatigue damage at the ply level in the plate. The effective fatigue-damage is predicted by the new fatigue model and compared with experimental results. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Delaware, ARL Grp Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Harik, VM (reprint author), NASA, ICASE, Langley Res Ctr, MS 132C, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2003 VL 37 IS 7 BP 597 EP 610 DI 10.1177/002199803029731 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 666JK UT WOS:000182174000003 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Yarlagadda, S Shevchenko, NB Fink, BK Gillespie, JW AF Kim, HJ Yarlagadda, S Shevchenko, NB Fink, BK Gillespie, JW TI Development of a numerical model to predict in-plane heat generation patterns during induction processing of carbon fiber-reinforced prepreg stacks SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE induction heating; carbon fiber; contact resistance heating; dielectric hysteresis; Joule heating; junction resistance ID THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES; GRAPHITE-FIBER AB A numerical model is proposed to describe in-plane heat generation spatial response during induction processing of carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastics. The model is based on a unified approach that considers three possible heating mechanisms: fiber heating (Joule losses in fiber), noncontact junction heating (dielectric hysteresis), and contact junction heating (Joule losses at junctions). A lumped meshing scheme is used to construct a numerical representation for cross-ply and angle-ply orientations of 2-ply prepreg stacks. Heat generation patterns are calculated based on voltage and current conservation laws and verified with induction heating of AS4 carbon fiber-reinforced polyetherimide (AS4/PEI) prepreg stacks. Excellent agreement is found except at very low angle-ply orientations where the predicted heating patterns show significant deviations from the experiment results. A sensitivity analysis is also performed to assess the relationship between heating patterns and material and process parameters. The results show that the stack angle between plies and intrinsic prepreg microstructure can significantly affect the heating patterns. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Kim, HJ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2003 VL 37 IS 16 BP 1461 EP 1483 DI 10.1177/002199803034460 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 714BN UT WOS:000184892600003 ER PT J AU Song, B Chen, WN Weerasooriya, T AF Song, B Chen, WN Weerasooriya, T TI Quasi-static and dynamic compressive behaviors of a S-2 glass/SC15 composite SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE glass/epoxy composite; dynamic behavior; Hopkinson bar; strain-rate sensitivity; constitutive model ID HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR; FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; RATE-DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR; STRAIN-RATE; THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES; IMPACT; FAILURE; EPOXY; CONFINEMENT; CERAMICS AB A pulse-shaped split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was employed to determine the dynamic compressive mechanical responses and failure behaviors of a S-2 glass/SC15 composite along two perpendicular directions under valid dynamic testing conditions. The loading pulses in SHPB experiments were precisely controlled to ensure that the composite specimen deforms at a nearly constant strain rate under dynamically equilibrated stress during dynamic compression. Quasi-static experiments were conducted with an NITS and an Instron to study material rate sensitivity over a wider range. The compressive stress-strain behaviors along both directions were found to be strain-rate sensitive, but with different strain-rate sensitivities. A compressive constitutive model with strain-rate and damage effects was modified to accurately describe both quasi-static and dynamic compressive stress-strain behaviors of the composite material along the two perpendicular directions. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Chen, WN (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM weinong@u.arizona.edu RI Song, Bo/D-3945-2011 NR 54 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 19 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 EI 1530-793X J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2003 VL 37 IS 19 BP 1723 EP 1743 DI 10.1177/002199803035189 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 735DZ UT WOS:000186098300003 ER PT J AU O'Brien, TK Chawan, AD DeMarco, K Paris, I AF O'Brien, TK Chawan, AD DeMarco, K Paris, I TI Influence of specimen configuration and size on composite transverse tensile strength and scatter measured through flexure testing SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE transverse tensile strength; matrix cracking; Weibull distribution; scale effects; glass/epoxy; carbon/epoxy; bending tests AB The influence of specimen configuration and size on the transverse tensile strength of two glass/epoxy materials; and, one carbon/epoxy material, loaded in three and four-point bending was evaluated: Transverse tensile strength: was typically lower for longer span lengths due to the classical weakest link effect. However, strength was less sensitive to volume changes achieved by increasing specimen width. The Weibull scaling law typically over-predicted changes in transverse tensile strengths in three-point bend tests and under-predicted changes in transverse tensile strengths in four-point bend tests. Furthermore, the Weibull slope varied with specimen configuration, volume, and sample size. Hence, this scaling law was not adequate for predicting transverse tensile strength of heterogeneous, fiber-reinforced, polymer matrix composites. C1 USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, NASA,Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Natl Res Council, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP O'Brien, TK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, NASA,Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0884-6804 J9 J COMPOS TECH RES JI J. Compos. Technol. Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 25 IS 1 BP 3 EP 21 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 635QD UT WOS:000180409600001 ER PT J AU O'Brien, TK Krueger, R AF O'Brien, TK Krueger, R TI Analysis of flexure tests for transverse tensile strength characterization of unidirectional composites SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE transverse tensile strength; matrix cracking; finite element analysis; glass epoxy; graphite epoxy; bending tests AB Finite element (FE) analyses were performed on 3-point and 4-point bending test configurations of glass-epoxy and carbon-epoxy unidirectional tape beams tested at ninety degrees to the fiber direction to identify deviations from beam theory predictions. Both linear and geometric non-linear analyses were performed using the ABAQUS(R) finite element code. The 3-point and 4-point bending specimens were first modeled with two-dimensional elements. Three-dimensional finite element models were then performed for selected 4-point bending configurations to study the stress distribution across the width of the specimens. For 3-point bend test configurations, both the linear and geometric non-linear 2D plane-strain and plane-stress analyses yielded similar results. The maximum tensile stresses under the center load nose calculated from the FE analysis were slightly lower than stresses predicted by beam theory. The difference (maximum of 4%) was greatest for the shortest span analyzed. For 4-point bend test configurations, both the plane-stress and plane-strain 2D linear analysis results agreed closely with beam theory except right below the load points. However, 21) geometric non-linear analyses deviated slightly from beam theory throughout the inner span as well as below the load points. Planestress results deviated from beam theory more than plane-strain results. The maximum tensile stresses between the inner span load points were slightly greater than the beam theory result. This difference was greatest (maximum of 4%) for configurations with the shortest spans between inner and outer load points. A contact analysis was also performed in order to investigate the influence of modeling the roller versus modeling the support as a simple boundary condition at one nodal point. The discrepancy between the FE and beam theory results became smaller (max. 2-3%) when the rollers were modeled in conjunction with contact analysis. Hence, the beam theory yields a reasonably accurate value for the maximum tensile stress in bending compared to 2D FE analysis. The FE results are primarily for guidance in the choice of beam thickness, width, and configuration. For the 3-point bend configuration, longer spans are preferred to minimize the error in beam theory data reduction. Similarly, for the 4-point bend configurations, a longer span between the inner and outer load noses, at least equal to the span between the inner load noses, results in less error compared to beam theory. In addition, these FE results indicate that the span between the inner load noses should not be too long to avoid obtaining a non-uniform maximum stress between the inner load noses. Finally, the 3D analysis indicates that specimens should be sufficiently wide to achieve a fully constrained state of plane-strain at the center of the specimen width. C1 USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, ICASE, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP O'Brien, TK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RI Krueger, Ronald/G-5356-2015 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0884-6804 J9 J COMPOS TECH RES JI J. Compos. Technol. Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 25 IS 1 BP 50 EP 68 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 635QD UT WOS:000180409600004 ER PT J AU Goodson, L AF Goodson, L TI Afghanistan's long road to reconstruction SO JOURNAL OF DEMOCRACY LA English DT Article C1 USA, War Coll, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Goodson, L (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 1045-5736 J9 J DEMOCR JI J. Democr. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 14 IS 1 BP 82 EP 99 DI 10.1353/jod.2003.0009 PG 18 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 636UG UT WOS:000180475200011 ER PT J AU Ahmad, FH Helms, GL AF Ahmad, FH Helms, GL TI A direct method for phase approximation of interferograms SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID UNWRAPPING ALGORITHM; DECOMPOSITION; FREQUENCY; CARRIER AB A direct method that generates an approximation of the unknown phase of an interferogram is proposed in this paper. The method is based on finding an expression for the derivative of the unknown phase which is integrated to generate such approximation. An illustrative example is given in which this method is applied. Results generated from the application of this method are compared with exact phase values, and excellent agreement between the exact and approximate phase values is demonstrated. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Engn Technol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. Dept Army, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ahmad, FH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Engn Technol, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5071 J9 J ELECTROMAGNET WAVE JI J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. PY 2003 VL 17 IS 3 BP 491 EP 498 DI 10.1163/156939303767869017 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 698MX UT WOS:000184004300012 ER PT J AU Westermeyer, RR AF Westermeyer, RR TI Odontoid hypoplasia presenting as torticollis: A discussion of its significance SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE odontoid; anomaly; axis; cervical spine ID ANOMALIES AB Odontoid dysplasias are considered rare but are becoming increasingly recognized. Patients may have no symptoms, localized neck pain, or neurologic symptoms. Because patients with odontoid anomalies have the potential for craniovertebral instability, recognition of the entity is essential. A discussion of the axis, its development and anomalies follows. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. 121st Gen Hosp, Yongsan Army Garrison, Emergency Med Serv, Seoul, South Korea. RP Westermeyer, RR (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Rodger Brooke Rd, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 24 IS 1 BP 15 EP 18 DI 10.1016/S0736-4679(02)00661-3 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 638RY UT WOS:000180585200003 PM 12554034 ER PT J AU Buck, SC AF Buck, SC TI Searching for graves using geophysical technology: Field tests with ground penetrating radar, magnetometry, and electrical resistivity SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 66th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-American-Archaeology CY APR 18-22, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA DE forensic science; forensic archaeology; geophysics; ground penetrating radar; magnetometry; electrical resistivity; unmarked burials AB Field experiments were conducted using three types of geophysical equipment in a variety of situations. The goal of the study was to ascertain the relative utility of this technology for non-geophysical expert forensic professionals searching for buried human remains. The study concludes that the equipment should be used with caution after a critical evaluation of specific field conditions, and more refinement of technical methods and skills should be developed. C1 USA, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Buck, SC (reprint author), USA, Cent Identificat Lab, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 48 IS 1 BP 5 EP 11 PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 634PV UT WOS:000180350300001 PM 12570192 ER PT J AU Sturm, M Liston, GE AF Sturm, M Liston, GE TI The snow cover on lakes of the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska, USA SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPACEBORNE IMAGING RADAR; SEASONAL SNOW; NORTH SLOPE; ICE; TRANSPORT; GROWTH; MODEL; DEPTH; CLASSIFICATION; WATER AB Shallow lakes cover > 25% of Alaska's Arctic Coastal Plain. These remain frozen and snow-covered from October to June. The lake snow is thinner, denser, harder and has less water equivalent than snow on the surrounding tundra. It contains less depth hoar than land snow, yet paradoxically is subject to stronger temperature gradients. It also has fewer layers and these have been more strongly affected by wind. Dunes and drifts are better developed on lakes, they have wavelengths of 5-20 m, compared to < 5 in on land. Because of these differences, lake snow has roughly half the thermal insulating capacity of land snow. The winter mass balance on lakes is also different because (1) some snow falls into the water before the lakes freeze, (2) some snow accumulates in drifts surrounding the lakes, and (3) prevailing winds lead to increased erosion and thinner snow on the eastern lake sides. Physical models that extrapolate land snow over lakes without appropriate adjustments for depth, density, distribution and thermal properties will under-predict ice thickness and winter heat losses. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Alaska Projects Off, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Sturm, M (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Alaska Projects Off, Bldg 4070, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. EM msturm@crrel.usace.army.mil NR 35 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 8 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2003 VL 49 IS 166 BP 370 EP 380 DI 10.3189/172756503781830539 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 807SM UT WOS:000220521200005 ER PT J AU Sullivan, WP Christie, GC Cornelius, FC Fodale, MF Johnson, DA Koonces, JF Larson, GL McDonald, RB Mullett, KM Murray, CK Ryan, PA AF Sullivan, WP Christie, GC Cornelius, FC Fodale, MF Johnson, DA Koonces, JF Larson, GL McDonald, RB Mullett, KM Murray, CK Ryan, PA TI The sea lamprey in Lake Erie: a case history SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lampreys; invasion; Lake Erie; IMSL; lake trout; trends; population models ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS POPULATIONS; GREAT-LAKES; TROUT REHABILITATION; TEMPERATURE; PHEROMONE; SUPERIOR; HURON AB Sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus), first reported in Lake Erie in 1921, emigrated from Lake Ontario via the Welland Canal. It was not until the advent of pollution abatement, stream rehabilitation, and salmonid enhancement programs that sea lampreys proliferated. The Great Lakes Fishery Commission (GLFC), in co-operation with state, provincial, and federal fisheries agencies, implemented an integrated sea lamprey management (IMSL) plan for Lake Erie in 1986. Suppression of sea lampreys was nearly immediate, as indicated by declining larval-, parasitic-, and spawning-phase abundance, while survival of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) was markedly improved. Consistent with their vision statement, the GLFC began reducing lampricide use by the mid-1990s, while increasing reliance on alternative control methodologies. Reduction of treatment effort coincided with the development of new lampricide application techniques and treatment selection criteria, in addition to heightened regional concern for the impact of lampricide on non-target species. Subsequently, Lake Erie's sea lamprey numbers have rebounded, and marking rates on lake trout have approached pre-control levels. It is hypothesized that Lake Erie's rising abundance is primarily fuelled by untreated and residual larval populations,although some migration of parasitic phase sea lampreys from Lake Huron is suspected. Model simulations infer that treatment effort on Lake Erie was sub-optimal from 1995 to 1998. Beginning in 1999, the GLFC enhanced measures to identify and control sources of sea lampreys. Based on historical abundance patterns and model results, it is anticipated that intensified management in Lake Erie will reduce sea lamprey numbers and provide an opportunity for lake trout restoration. C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. New York Dept Environm Conservat, Great Lakes Sect, Lake Erie Unit, Dunkirk, NY 14048 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Biol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Buffalo, NY 14207 USA. Penn Fish & Boat Commiss, Lake Erie Res Unit, Fairview, PA 16415 USA. Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Erie Management Unit, Port Dover, ON N0A 1N0, Canada. RP Sullivan, WP (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. EM sullivanP@dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 95 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 30 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 615 EP 636 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300047 ER PT J AU Hansen, MJ Adams, JV Cuddy, DW Richards, JM Fodale, MF Larsons, GL Ollila, DJ Slade, JW Steeves, TB Young, RJ Zerrenner, A AF Hansen, MJ Adams, JV Cuddy, DW Richards, JM Fodale, MF Larsons, GL Ollila, DJ Slade, JW Steeves, TB Young, RJ Zerrenner, A TI Optimizing larval assessment to support sea lamprey control in the Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lamprey; sampling; precision; larvae; growth; metamorphosis; Great Lakes ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; BROOK LAMPREY; METAMORPHOSIS; GROWTH; RATIO; AGE AB Elements of the larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) assessment program that most strongly influence the chemical treatment program were analyzed, including selection of streams for larval surveys, allocation of sampling effort among stream reaches, allocation of sampling effort among habitat types, estimation of daily growth rates, and estimation of metamorphosis rates, to determine how uncertainty in each element influenced the stream selection program. First, the stream selection model based on current larval assessment sampling protocol significantly underestimated transforming sea lam-prey abundance, transforming sea lampreys killed, and marginal costs per sea lamprey killed, compared to a protocol that included more years of data (especially for large streams). Second, larval density in streams varied significantly with Type-I habitat area, but not with total area or reach length. Third, the ratio of larval density between Type-I and Type-II habitat varied significantly among streams, and that the optimal allocation of sampling effort varied with the proportion of habitat types and variability of larval density within each habitat. Fourth, mean length varied significantly among streams and years. Last, size at metamorphosis varied more among years than within or among regions and that metamorphosis varied significantly among streams within regions. Study results indicate that: (1) the stream selection model should be used to identify streams with potentially high residual populations of larval sea lampreys; (2) larval sampling in Type-II habitat should be initiated in all streams by increasing sampling in Type-II habitat to 50% of the sampling effort in Type-I habitat; and (3) methods should be investigated to reduce uncertainty in estimates of sea lamprey production, with emphasis on those that reduce the uncertainty associated with larval length at the end of the growing season and those used to predict metamorphosis. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Buffalo, NY 14207 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ludington Biol Stn, Ludington, MI 49431 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lake Champlain Fish & Wildlife Resources Off, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. RP Hansen, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, 1900 Franklin St, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM mhansen@uwsp.edu OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-8522-3876 NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 766 EP 782 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300057 ER PT J AU Szebeni, J Baranyi, L Savay, S Milosevits, J Bunger, R Laverman, P Metselaar, JM Storm, G Chanan-Khan, A Liebes, L Muggia, FM Cohen, R Barenholz, Y Alving, CR AF Szebeni, J Baranyi, L Savay, S Milosevits, J Bunger, R Laverman, P Metselaar, JM Storm, G Chanan-Khan, A Liebes, L Muggia, FM Cohen, R Barenholz, Y Alving, CR TI Liposome-induced hypersensitivity reactions: The role of complement activation SO JOURNAL OF LIPOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Liposome Research Days Conference CY MAY 21-24, 2002 CL BERLIN, GERMANY C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Physiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. NYU, Med Ctr, Kaplan Comprehens Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Med Sch, Lab Membrane & Liposome Res, IL-91010 Jerusalem, Israel. RI Storm, Gert/O-8696-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0898-2104 J9 J LIPOSOME RES JI J. Liposome Res. PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 47 EP 48 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 661EW UT WOS:000181879100022 ER PT J AU Babai, I Matyas, G Baranji, L Milosevits, J Alving, CR AF Babai, I Matyas, G Baranji, L Milosevits, J Alving, CR TI Adjuvant activity of liposomal squalene for inducing antibodies to encapsulated CGP18, an HIV peptide SO JOURNAL OF LIPOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Liposome Research Days Conference CY MAY 21-24, 2002 CL BERLIN, GERMANY C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0898-2104 J9 J LIPOSOME RES JI J. Liposome Res. PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 53 EP 53 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 661EW UT WOS:000181879100027 ER PT J AU Long, CJ Hmel, PJ Kennedy, A Quiles, JG Seelbaugh, J Reid, TJ AF Long, CJ Hmel, PJ Kennedy, A Quiles, JG Seelbaugh, J Reid, TJ TI The interaction of DMSO with model membranes. I. Comparison of DMSO and d(6)-DMSO: A DSC and IR investigation SO JOURNAL OF LIPOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DMSO; deuterated solvents; membrane; phase transition ID DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS; GEL PHASE; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES; BEHAVIOR; DYNAMICS; MIXTURES; INSIGHTS; STORAGE AB The effect of deuterated solvents on the main phase transition (Tm) temperature of large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) of 1,2-dipaimitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) was examined by infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. There was no significant difference in the Tm, DeltaH of the main transition, or cooperativity when water was replaced by deuterium oxide (D2O) in the preparation of the vesicles or when dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was replaced by hexadeutero-dimethylsulfoxide (d(6)-DMSO) in either D2O or water. These results provide the necessary advance for further structural, kinetic, and thermodynamic investigations of DMSO interactions with membranes and lipid vesicles. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, Div Mil Casualty Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Reid, TJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, Div Mil Casualty Res, Bldg 503 Room 1N80, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. OI Kennedy, Anthony/0000-0002-0908-3020 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0898-2104 J9 J LIPOSOME RES JI J. Liposome Res. PY 2003 VL 13 IS 3-4 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.1081/LPR-120026390 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 750LB UT WOS:000186991200006 PM 14670230 ER PT J AU Kennedy, A Long, CJ Hmel, PJ Reid, TJ AF Kennedy, A Long, CJ Hmel, PJ Reid, TJ TI The interaction of DMSO with model membranes. II. Direct evidence of DMSO binding to membranes: An NMR study SO JOURNAL OF LIPOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE NMR; membrane; cryoprotectant; DMSO ID DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS; X-RAY; PHASE; CRYOPRESERVATION; DIMETHYLSULFOXIDE; CRYOPROTECTANTS; CALORIMETRY; SCATTERING; INTEGRITY AB Modern techniques in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) allow investigators to probe molecular interactions with greater sensitivity and speed than ever before. Exploiting the nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE), the intermolecular interactions between dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and lipid vesicles were investigated. The DMSO methyl proton signal varies with experimental mixing time suggesting the system behaves in a manner similar to that of a ligand weakly binding to a macromolecule. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, Div Mil Casualty Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kennedy, A (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, Div Mil Casualty Res, Bldg 503, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. OI Kennedy, Anthony/0000-0002-0908-3020 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0898-2104 J9 J LIPOSOME RES JI J. Liposome Res. PY 2003 VL 13 IS 3-4 BP 259 EP 267 DI 10.1081/LPR-120026391 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 750LB UT WOS:000186991200007 PM 14670231 ER PT J AU Samuelson, LA AF Samuelson, LA TI In Memoriam Sukant K. Tripathy (1952-2000) SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USA, RDECOM, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Samuelson, LA (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2003 VL A40 IS 12 BP IX EP XI DI 10.1081/MA-120025304 PG 3 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 738EU UT WOS:000186274400002 ER PT J AU Yang, SH Wu, XD Wang, XY Samuelson, LA Cholli, AL Kumar, J AF Yang, SH Wu, XD Wang, XY Samuelson, LA Cholli, AL Kumar, J TI Synthesis and characterization of fluorescent cellulose SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Technical Symposium in Honor of Professor Sukant K Tripathy CY DEC 06, 2002 CL LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS DE cellulose; fluorescence; esterification; quenching ID STATE C-13 NMR; NATIVE CELLULOSES AB A new cellulose based fluorescent polymer has been successfully synthesized by esterificaction of 1-pyrenebutyric acid and cellulose. This polymer was characterized by solid state C-13 cross-polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultra-violet-visible (UV-VIS) and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. Spectroscopic results show that the pyrene chromophores have been covalently linked to cellulose. The quenching of fluorescence of by dinitrotoluene (DNT) follows the Stern-Volmer relationship. This suggests the potential use of this polymer in sensor and other applications. C1 Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, RDECOM, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA USA. RP Kumar, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2003 VL A40 IS 12 BP 1275 EP 1282 DI 10.1081/MA-120025307 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 738EU UT WOS:000186274400005 ER PT J AU Kumar, R Tyagi, R Parmar, VS Samuelson, LA Watterson, AC Kumar, J AF Kumar, R Tyagi, R Parmar, VS Samuelson, LA Watterson, AC Kumar, J TI Candida antarctica lipase B catalyzed copolymerizations of non-proteinogenic amino acids and poly(ethylene glycol) to generate novel functionalized polyesters SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Technical Symposium in Honor of Professor Sukant K Tripathy CY DEC 06, 2002 CL LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS DE candida antarctica lipase B; non-proteinogenic amino acids; functionalized polyesters; polyethylene glycols; diethyl-alpha-acetamido; alpha-alkylmalonates; condensation polymerization; transesterification; novozyme-435; lipases; chain extension ID VITRO ENZYME CATALYSIS; ASYMMETRIC TRANSFORMATIONS; DICARBOXYLIC-ACID; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; POLYMERIZATION; ESTERS AB The condensation copolymerization of non-proteinogenic amino acid derivatives 1-9 with polyethylene glycol (PEG, Mw 600) (10), catalyzed by lipases in bulk is reported. Five different lipases (porcine pancreatic lipase, Candida rugosa lipase, Candida antarctica lipase, Pseuodomonas AY lipase, and Pseudomonas cepacia lipase) were tested to catalyze the copolymerization of diethyl-a-acetamido, alpha-(3-trifluromethylbenzyl)-malonate (7) with poly(ethylene glycol 600) (10) in bulk at 65degreesC. All other enzymes except C. antarctica lipase B (Novozyme-435) failed to produce the polymer. Therefore, C. antarctica lipase B was used for the synthesis of copolymers starting with non-protemogenic amino acid derivatives 1-9 and PEG (Mw 600) (10) to give to polymers 11-19, which were characterized by H-1 (ID and 2D) and C-13 NMR spectroscopic data. Light scattering photometry, as well as gel permeation chromatography were used to evaluate the particle size and molecular weights of the polymers. The effects of reaction parameters in chain extension have been systemically investigated. In principle, the method developed is flexible so that it can be used to generate a wide array of functionalized polyesters. In the absence of biocatalytic transformation, such structural control would be extremely difficult or currently impossible to obtain. C1 Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, Inst Nano Sci & Engn Technol, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA USA. Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA USA. Univ Delhi, Dept Chem, Bioorgan Lab, Delhi 110007, India. USA, RDECOM, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Watterson, AC (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, Inst Nano Sci & Engn Technol, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2003 VL A40 IS 12 BP 1283 EP 1293 DI 10.1081/MA-120025308 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 738EU UT WOS:000186274400006 ER PT J AU Kim, YG Kim, JH Ahn, HJ Kang, BW Sung, CM Samuelson, LA Kumar, J AF Kim, YG Kim, JH Ahn, HJ Kang, BW Sung, CM Samuelson, LA Kumar, J TI Molecular assembly by sequential ionic adsorption of nanocrystalline TiO2 and a conjugated polymer SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Technical Symposium in Honor of Professor Sukant K Tripathy CY DEC 06, 2002 CL LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS DE PTAA; TiO2; molecular assembly; ELBL; multilayered nanocomposite; conjugated polymer; nanoparticle ID MULTILAYER THIN-FILMS; SOLAR-CELLS; SENSITIZERS; LIGHT AB Cationic nanocrystalline TiO2 particles have been synthesized for which the size and composition of the nanoparticles were analyzed by a transmission emission microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDXS). Multilayered films have been fabricated by sequential adsorption of TiO2 nanoparticles and poly(3-thiophene acetic acid) (PTAA). Each layer of the nanoparticles and PTAA in the thin film has also been characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and LTV-visible spectroscopy These types of multilayered nanocomposite films may find applications in the fabrication of efficient light harvesting photovoltaic cells. C1 USA, RDECOM, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Lowell, MA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Dongjin Semichem Co Ltd, Elect Mat Div, Seoul, South Korea. RP Samuelson, LA (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RI Ahn, Heejoon/K-4603-2015 OI Ahn, Heejoon/0000-0002-3322-6423 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2003 VL A40 IS 12 BP 1307 EP 1316 DI 10.1081/MA-120025310 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 738EU UT WOS:000186274400008 ER PT J AU Mosurkal, R Kim, YG Kumar, J Li, LA Walker, J Samuelson, LA AF Mosurkal, R Kim, YG Kumar, J Li, LA Walker, J Samuelson, LA TI Mono- and dinuclear ruthenium complexes for nanocrystalline TiO2 based dye-sensitized photovoltaics SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Technical Symposium in Honor of Professor Sukant K Tripathy CY DEC 06, 2002 CL LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS DE ruthenium complexes; terpyridyl bridging ligand; dye-sensitization; photovoltaic cell ID ENERGY-TRANSFER; EXCITED-STATES; ABSORPTION; ELECTRON AB We have carried out synthesis, characterization, and theoretical modeling of a rigid, rod-like homometallic dinuclear ruthenium complex and an analogous mononuclear ruthenium complex using terpyridine and bipyridine ligands. The photophysical and photovoltaic properties have been investigated. We compared the results to understand the charge transfer processes in these complexes. The dinuclear complex showed overall photoelectric conversion efficiency of 1.9% in dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 based photovoltaic cells under simulated AM1.5 solar irradiation and is found to be an efficient photosensitizer compared to the mononuclear complex. C1 Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Mol Technol Inc, Westford, MA USA. USA, RDECOM, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kumar, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RI MOSURKAL, RAVI/P-6981-2015 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2003 VL A40 IS 12 BP 1317 EP 1325 DI 10.1081/MA-120025311 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 738EU UT WOS:000186274400009 ER PT J AU Bruno, FF Nagarajan, R Roy, S Kumar, J Samuelson, LA AF Bruno, FF Nagarajan, R Roy, S Kumar, J Samuelson, LA TI Biomimetic synthesis of water soluble conductive polypyrrole and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Technical Symposium in Honor of Professor Sukant K Tripathy CY DEC 06, 2002 CL LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS DE PEDOT; pyrrole; polypyrrole; synthetic enzyme; hematin; conductive polymers ID POLYMERIZATION; POLYANILINE; PEROXIDASE; FILMS; MEDIA AB A novel biomimetic method for the synthesis of conducting molecular complexes of polypyrrole (PPYR) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) in the presence of a polyelectrolyte, such as polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) is presented. A poly(ethylene glycol) modified hematin (PEG-Hematin) was used to catalyze the polymerization of pyrrole (PYR) and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) in the presence of SPS to form PPYR/SPS and PEDOT/SPS complexes. UV-VIS, FT-IR, and electrical conductivity studies for all complexes indicated the presence of a stable and electrically conductive form of these polymers. Furthermore, the presence of SPS in this complex provides a unique combination of properties such as processability and water-solubility. C1 USA, RDECOM, Natick Soldier Ctr, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA USA. RP Bruno, FF (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, Natick Soldier Ctr, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2003 VL A40 IS 12 BP 1327 EP 1333 DI 10.1081/MA-120025312 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 738EU UT WOS:000186274400010 ER PT J AU Ku, BC Lee, SH Liu, W He, JA Kumar, J Bruno, FF Samuelson, LA AF Ku, BC Lee, SH Liu, W He, JA Kumar, J Bruno, FF Samuelson, LA TI A new approach to catalyze template polymerization of aniline using electrostatically multilayered hematin assemblies SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Technical Symposium in Honor of Professor Sukant K Tripathy CY DEC 06, 2002 CL LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS DE horseradish peroxidase (HRP); hematin; polyaniline; electrostatic layer-by-layer (ELBL) self-assembly; multilayer nanocomposites ID CONDUCTING POLYANILINE; ENZYMATIC-SYNTHESIS; FILMS; LAYER; IMMOBILIZATION; SENSORS; DNA AB In this work, we describe a new approach to catalyze the template polymerization of conducting polyaniline (Pani). Electrostatic layer-by-layer (ELBL) self-assembly of a polyelectrolyte and a biomimetic catalyst, hematin has been utilized to construct a nanocomposite film catalyst. Poly(dimethyl diallylammonium chloride) (PDAC) and hematin have been used as polycation and counter anions, respectively. The absorption spectra by UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy showed that a conductive form Pani was formed, not only as a coating on the surface of the ELBL composites, but was also formed in solution. Furthermore, it was found that the reaction rate was affected by pH and concentration of hematin in the multilayers. The feasibility of controlled desorption of hematin molecules from the LBL assembly was explored and demonstrated by changing pH and hematin concentration. It is believed that hematin sandwiched between positively charged polyelectrolytes in the composite films was slowly released into the solutions and then used to catalyze the template polymerization of aniline with SPS, resulting in a water soluble form of Pani. The polymerization rate of aniline in solution was enhanced with decreasing pH of the solutions due to increased desorption of hematin nanoparticles from the multilayers. These ELBL hematin assemblies demonstrated both a way to functionalize surfaces with conductive Pani and a potential method of reusability of the catalyst for improved cost effectiveness. C1 Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, RDECOM, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kumar, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2003 VL A40 IS 12 BP 1335 EP 1346 DI 10.1081/MA-120025313 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 738EU UT WOS:000186274400011 ER PT J AU Thiyagarajan, M Kumar, J Samuelson, LA Cholli, AL AF Thiyagarajan, M Kumar, J Samuelson, LA Cholli, AL TI Enzymatically synthesized conducting polyaniline nanocomposites: A solid-state NMR study SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Technical Symposium in Honor of Professor Sukant K Tripathy CY DEC 06, 2002 CL LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS DE solid-state C-13 NMR CP/MAS NMR; conducting polyaniline; nanocomposites; enzymatic polymerization ID TEMPLATE; ACID AB The chiral conducting polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites [polyacrylic acid/polyaniline/(-) camphorsulphonic acid (CSA)] were synthesized using enzyme, horseradish peroxidase (HR-P) in the aqueous buffer solution at PH 4.3. It appears that the enzyme HRP apart being a biocatalyst, plays an important role during the polymerization, which allows PANI to prefer a specific helical conformation whether the induced chirality in the monomer-CSA complex is either by (+)CSA or (-)CSA. In this paper, we report, the structural characterization of these nanocomposites by solid-state C-13 cross-polarization with magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR techniques. The structural features of PANI in the conducting form of nanocomposite (as-synthesized) are similar to that of enzymatically and chemically synthesized PANI. Preliminary data also suggest that some portion of nanocomposite samples are not completely doped. Dedoping of as-synthesized PANI nanocomposite with aqueous NH4OH shows the spectral features that of the emeraldine base form. Solid-state C-13 NMR data suggest that it is possible to detach PAA and CSA from PANI in the nanocomposite material. C1 Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, RDECOM, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Cholli, AL (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Olney Room 420,265 Riverside St, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2003 VL A40 IS 12 BP 1347 EP 1355 DI 10.1081/MA-120025314 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 738EU UT WOS:000186274400012 ER PT J AU Kuo, CS Samuelson, LA McCarthy, SP Tripathy, SK Kumar, J AF Kuo, CS Samuelson, LA McCarthy, SP Tripathy, SK Kumar, J TI Polybutadiene modified polyaniline microparticles SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Technical Symposium in Honor of Professor Sukant K Tripathy CY DEC 06, 2002 CL LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS DE polyaniline; hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene; sodium 4-styrenesulfonate; core-shell; microparticle ID EMULSION POLYMERIZATION; CONDUCTING POLYANILINE; POLYSTYRENE LATEXES; ELASTOMERS; RUBBER; BLENDS; SHELL; FILMS; CORE AB Polyanionic rubber copolymer microparticles covered with positively charged polyaniline (PANi) as the shell were synthesized. Sodium 4-styrenesulfonate was polymerized in a free radical initiation mechanism in the presence of a low molecular weight hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HT-PBD) matrix, which was dispersed in ethylene glycol (EG). Polymerization of aniline monomers was carried out using ammonium persulfate as the oxidant in aqueous hydrochloric acid containing polyanionic rubber copolymer microparticles. The resulting rubber-modified PANi products form a stable and uniform aqueous latex suspension, with a PANi shell loading of 16-58% by weight. From a core-shell microparticle latex suspension containing a PANi loading up to 37% by weight, conductive thin films with good quality can be fabricated by casting. Conductivity of these cast films, after storage for a week in a desiccator, was found to be 0.1 S/cm. These results demonstrated a promising method for the fabrication of conducting polymers with the coexistence of elastic properties in the latex phase of the rubber core and requisite electrical properties of the PANi shell. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plast Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, RDECOM, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kumar, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Phys, 265 Riverside St, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2003 VL A40 IS 12 BP 1383 EP 1396 DI 10.1081/MA-120025317 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 738EU UT WOS:000186274400015 ER PT J AU Liu, W Kumar, J Tripathy, S Lee, SH Samuelson, LA AF Liu, W Kumar, J Tripathy, S Lee, SH Samuelson, LA TI Peroxidase-catalyzed polymerization of 1-hydroxypyrene SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Technical Symposium in Honor of Professor Sukant K Tripathy CY DEC 06, 2002 CL LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS DE horseradish peroxidase; enzymatic polymerization; 1-hydroxypyrene ID ENZYMATIC-SYNTHESIS; POLYMERS AB Peroxidase-catalyzed polymerization of a hydroxy substituted polynuclear aromatic compound, 1-hydroxypyrene, is reported. The fluorescence spectrum of the synthesized polymer shows a dramatic red shift compared to that of the monomer. The enzymatic polymerization of 1-hydroxypyrene demonstrates the capability of peroxidase in catalyzing the oxidation of polynuclear aromatic molecules, and offers new possibilities for the design and synthesis of polymers with interesting electrical and optical properties in an environmentally friendly way. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, RDECOM, Natick Solider Ctr, Natick, MA USA. RP Kumar, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Olney Room 420,265 Riverside St, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2003 VL A40 IS 12 BP 1407 EP 1413 DI 10.1081/MA-120025319 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 738EU UT WOS:000186274400017 ER PT J AU Drew, C Wang, XY Samuelson, LA Kumar, J AF Drew, C Wang, XY Samuelson, LA Kumar, J TI The effect of viscosity and filler on electrospun fiber morphology SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Technical Symposium in Honor of Professor Sukant K Tripathy CY DEC 06, 2002 CL LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS DE electrospinning; spin-dope viscosity; nanofibers; inorganic nanoparticle fillers; polymer matrix ID NANOFIBERS; FILMS; JETS AB Electrospinning is a simple technique to create nanometer-scale polymer fibers by application of a large static voltage to a viscous polymer solution, or spin-dope. At polymer concentrations higher than the critical concentration, above which polymer entanglement can occur, it was found polymer fibers could be electrospun, provided the spin-dope solution was sufficiently viscous. The requisite viscosity could be obtained by increased polymer concentration or by inclusion of insoluble filler, titanium dioxide in this case. Electrospun fibers of polyethylene oxide (PEO) were successfully fabricated that consisted of as little as 25 wt.% polymer. The remainder of the fiber weight consisted of titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles that could not be electrospun alone. We demonstrate that it is possible to create a high-surface area structure of a material that cannot be electrospun by the inclusion of a small amount of polymer. C1 USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, RDECOM, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA USA. RP Samuelson, LA (reprint author), USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, RDECOM, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 9 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 27 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2003 VL A40 IS 12 BP 1415 EP 1422 DI 10.1081/MA-120025320 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 738EU UT WOS:000186274400018 ER PT J AU Wu, XD Liu, W Kumar, J Samuelson, LA Cholli, AL AF Wu, XD Liu, W Kumar, J Samuelson, LA Cholli, AL TI Effect of temperature on the enzymatic polymerization of 4-propylphenol: An in situ H-1-NMR study SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Technical Symposium in Honor of Professor Sukant K Tripathy CY DEC 06, 2002 CL LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS DE enzymatic polymerization; variable temperature; in situ H-1-NMR spectroscopy ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; CATALYZED POLYMERIZATION; 8-HYDROXYQUINOLINE-5-SULFONATE; POLY(HYDROQUINONE); UNDERSTAND; MECHANISM AB The effect of temperature on the concentration of the major reactive species as a function of H2O2 addition in the enzymatic polymerization of 4-propylphenol was investigated using in situ H-1-NMR spectroscopy. We have studied the trend of monomer depletion and the formation of predominant dimers with an incremental addition of H2O2 at different temperatures. The trends for depletion of monomer are very similar while the trends for the dimers display dramatic differences at the investigated temperatures. The dynamic equilibrium stage of dimers was observed only in the case of low reaction temperature. The comparison of the in situ spectra recorded at different reaction temperatures suggests that less undesired side reactions occurred at low temperature. C1 Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem & Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, RDECOM, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA USA. RP Kumar, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem & Phys, Olney Room 420,265 Riverside St, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2003 VL A40 IS 12 BP 1423 EP 1431 DI 10.1081/MA-120025321 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 738EU UT WOS:000186274400019 ER PT J AU Edelstein, AS AF Edelstein, AS TI An overview of strongly correlated electron systems SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Review DE kondo effect; valence fluctuations; heavy fermions; non-fermi liquid; quantum critical point ID FERMI-LIQUID BEHAVIOR; QUANTUM PHASE-TRANSITIONS; DILUTE MAGNETIC ALLOYS; HEAVY FERMIONS; KONDO-LATTICE; MIXED-VALENCE; GROUND-STATE; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; ANDERSON MODEL; SUPERCONDUCTOR URU2SI2 AB This work provides an overview of strongly correlated electron systems. Taking a historical point of view, this work emphasizes early papers and general concepts that have remained relevant over the 50-year development of the field. Selected experimental results are given that illustrate different phenomena. The subjects discussed include concentrated Kondo systems, anomalous gapless superconductivity, non-Fermi liquid behavior, and quantum phase transitions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Dept Army, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Dept Army, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM edelstein@arl.army.mil NR 158 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 EI 1873-4766 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 256 IS 1-3 BP 430 EP 448 AR PII S0304-8853(02)00697-2 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(02)00697-2 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 639PF UT WOS:000180637900055 ER PT J AU Lerdthusnee, K Khlaimanee, N Monkanna, T Mungviriya, S Leepitakrat, W Debboun, M Coleman, RE AF Lerdthusnee, K Khlaimanee, N Monkanna, T Mungviriya, S Leepitakrat, W Debboun, M Coleman, RE TI Development of an in vitro method for the evaluation of candidate repellents against Leptotrombidium (Acari : Trombiculidae) chiggers SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Leptotrombidium; chiggers; scrub typhus; repellents; personal protection ID SCRUB TYPHUS; LABORATORY EVALUATION; FLETCHERI ACARI; TSUTSUGAMUSHI; DELIENSE; DISEASE; VECTOR; TESTS; DEET AB We developed a rapid and economical in vitro procedure with which to evaluate the efficacy of candidate repellents against chiggers. The procedure requires only 5 min and a small number of chiggers to obtain a valid estimate of the median effective dose. We used this procedure to evaluate the repellent activity of 11 compounds against the chigger, Leptotrombidium imphalum Vercammen-Grandjean and Langston. Median effective doses were determined for 10 of the 11 compounds. DM-165-2 (N,N-diethyl-3-flurobenzamide) was the only compound that was significantly more effective than deet. C1 USA, Med Component, Dept Entomol, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Lerdthusnee, K (reprint author), USA, Med Component, Dept Entomol, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 40 IS 1 BP 64 EP 67 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-40.1.64 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 644AJ UT WOS:000180895500009 PM 12597654 ER PT J AU Frances, SP Cooper, RD Gupta, RK Debboun, M AF Frances, SP Cooper, RD Gupta, RK Debboun, M TI Efficacy of a new self-supporting low-profile bednet for personal protection against Anopheles farauti (Diptera : Culicidae) in a village in Papua New Guinea SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles farauti; Papua New Guinea; bednet; malaria; personal protection; permethrin ID PERMETHRIN-IMPREGNATED BEDNETS; MALARIA; MOSQUITOS AB A new United States (U.S.) self-supporting low-profile bednet was designed by Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in collaboration with Breakthrough Technologies. The bednet incorporated permethrin-impregnated screening into a frame that erected automatically when removed from its bag. The new U.S. bednet was compared with the current Australian Defense Force (ADF) mosquito bednet at Buka Island, North Solomons Province, Papua New Guinea, in March 1999. At the time of the test, Anopheles farauti Laveran was the most abundant biting mosquito. Both bednet types provided > 97.8% protection compared with an unprotected collector. The untreated U.S. Army prototype bednet provided better protection than the untreated ADF bednet against mosquitoes entering the bednet during the night. C1 Australian Army Malaria Inst, Enoggera, Qld 4052, Australia. USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Frances, SP (reprint author), Australian Army Malaria Inst, Gallipoli Barracks, Enoggera, Qld 4052, Australia. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 40 IS 1 BP 68 EP 72 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-40.1.68 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 644AJ UT WOS:000180895500010 PM 12597655 ER PT J AU Ryan, J Dave, K Emmerich, E Fernandez, B Turell, M Johnson, J Gottfried, K Burkhalter, K Kerst, A Hunt, A Wirtz, R Nasci, R AF Ryan, J Dave, K Emmerich, E Fernandez, B Turell, M Johnson, J Gottfried, K Burkhalter, K Kerst, A Hunt, A Wirtz, R Nasci, R TI Wicking assays for the rapid detection of West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis viral antigens in mosquitoes (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arbovirus; West Nile virus; St. Louis encephalitis; rapid detection; wicking assay; surveillance ID FIELD-COLLECTED MOSQUITOS; VIRUS; HUMANS; PCR AB The recent outbreaks of West Nile (WN) encephalitis and St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) in the United States have highlighted the need for rapid and specific methods of detecting arboviral antigens in mosquitoes. We evaluated rapid, field-usable assays for detecting and differentiating WN and SLE viruses in mosquito pools, based on a patent-pending, inununochromatographic technology (VecTest) formatted on a dipstick. The device provides results in less than 20 min and can be used in laboratories with adequate containment facilities. In laboratory assessments, both the SLE and WN virus tests demonstrated sensitivity comparable with that of an antigen capture ELISA, but less than can be achieved with Vero cell plaque or reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays. There was no evidence of cross-reaction when tested with high concentrations of heterologous flavivirus antigens or with Eastern equine encephalitis or Western equine encephalitis viruses. Both the WN and SLE dipstick tests delivered a clear positive result with a single positive specimen in a pool of 50 mosquitoes. This virus assay technology reduces the time required to obtain test results and will allow rapid medical threat assessment and effective targeting of vector control measures. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ryan, J (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 12 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 40 IS 1 BP 95 EP 99 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-40.1.95 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 644AJ UT WOS:000180895500015 PM 12597660 ER PT J AU McNemee, RB Sames, WJ Maloney, FA AF McNemee, RB Sames, WJ Maloney, FA TI Occurrence of Dermacentor variabilis (Acari : Ixodidae) around a porcupine (Rodentia : Erthethizontidae) carcass at Camp Ripley, Minnesota SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dermacentor variabilis; Erethizon dorsatum; Erethizon dorsatum; carcass; carrion; decomposition ID TICKS AB In May 2000, a dead porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum Culiver) was found on an infrequently traveled dirt road at Camp Ripley, MN. The presence of late instar Calliphoridae suggested that the porcupine died within the past 4 to 7 d. Adult carrion (Silphidae) and rove (Staphylinidae) beetles were observed under the carcass. In June, a large number of adult American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), were observed questing on the porcupine and the surrounding grass. Six zones were established around the carcass, and each zone was sampled for ticks once a month from June through September. Ticks were captured in June and July, and 93% were captured within 2 m of the carcass. Gases released as part of the decomposition process were believed to attract the ticks to the carcass. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med W, MCHB AW ES, Ft Lewis, WA 98433 USA. RP McNemee, RB (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med W, MCHB AW ES, Box 339500,MS 115, Ft Lewis, WA 98433 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 40 IS 1 BP 108 EP 111 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-40.1.108 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 644AJ UT WOS:000180895500018 PM 12597663 ER PT J AU Liang, MF Mahler, M Koch, J Ji, Y Li, DX Schmaljohn, C Bautz, EKF AF Liang, MF Mahler, M Koch, J Ji, Y Li, DX Schmaljohn, C Bautz, EKF TI Generation of an HFRS patient-derived neutralizing recombinant antibody to hantaan virus G1 protein and definition of the neutralizing domain SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE phage display; human recombinant antibody; Hantaan virus; G1 protein; epitope mapping ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEINS; PUUMALA HANTAVIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; LIBRARIES; PEPTIDES; DISEASE; SITES; MICE AB Hantaan virus (HTNV) in the Hantavirus genus, family Bunyaviridae, is the major cause of severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). We prepared a combinatorial phage display library of human Fabs to HTNV from RNA extracted from the blood lymphocytes of a convalescent HFRS patient. We selected two G1 glycoprotein-specific clones and one nucleocapsid protein (N)-specific clone from the Fab library for further studies. The human Fab antibodies were converted to IgG form in baculovirus/insect cells system by using cassette vectors that we developed earlier. Characterization of the recombinant antibodies revealed that the two G1-specific IgGs, could bind to and neutralize HTNV but not Seoul virus (SEOV). The N-specific IgG did not neutralize either HTNV or SEOV. Sequence analysis revealed that the two G1-specific clones differed by only one predicted amino acid in their complementarity determining regions, CDR3. Epitope mapping studies were carried out with one of the two G1-specific clones and synthetic peptides representing portions of HTNV G1. Results indicated that the recombinant antibody recognizes the core amino acid sequence LTKTLVIGQ, which is found near the C-terminus of HTNV G1. These results are the first to define a neutralizing epitope on the G1 protein of HTNV using an antibody derived from an HFRS patient. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Inst Virol, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Genet Mol, Heidelberg, Germany. Heidelberg Acad Sci, Heidelberg, Germany. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Liang, MF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Inst Virol, 100 Ying Xin Jie, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. NR 28 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 69 IS 1 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1002/jmv.10259 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 621JN UT WOS:000179585400014 PM 12436484 ER PT J AU Cowher, IM AF Cowher, IM TI Bearing arms for His Majesty: The free-colored militia in colonial Mexico SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Cowher, IM (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 230 EP 231 DI 10.1353/jmh.2003.0020 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 631QT UT WOS:000180179000017 ER PT J AU Swain, RM AF Swain, RM TI Balkan battlegrounds: A military history of the Yugoslav conflict, 1990-1995 vol 1 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Swain, RM (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 313 EP 314 DI 10.1353/jmh.2003.0076 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 631QT UT WOS:000180179000084 ER PT J AU Marcella, G AF Marcella, G TI Vieques, the Navy, and Puerto Rican politics SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Army War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. RP Marcella, G (reprint author), US Army War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 315 EP 316 DI 10.1353/jmh.2003.0053 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 631QT UT WOS:000180179000086 ER PT J AU Swik, WA AF Swik, WA TI Recent journal articles in military history SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Bibliography C1 US Mil Acad Lib, W Point, NY USA. RP Swik, WA (reprint author), US Mil Acad Lib, W Point, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 324 EP 327 DI 10.1353/jmh.2003.0077 PG 4 WC History SC History GA 631QT UT WOS:000180179000090 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC Bucci, JR Agodoa, LY AF Abbott, KC Bucci, JR Agodoa, LY TI Total hip arthroplasty in chronic dialysis patients in the United States SO JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE total hip arthroplasty; revision; repeat; complications; mortality; dialysis; gender; male; female; diabetes; systemic lupus erythematosus; osteoarthritis; avascular necrosis of the hip; African American; body mass index; risk; age; weight; complications; USRDS ID STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; MEN; TRANSPLANTATION; FRACTURE; SIZE AB Background. The national incidence of and factors associated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) in chronic dialysis patients has never been reported. Methods: We therefore performed an historical cohort study of 375,857 chronic dialysis patients listed in the 2000 United States Renal Data System between I April 1995 and 31 December 1999 and followed-up until 14 May 2000. Primary outcomes were associations with hospitalizations for a primary discharge code of THA (ICD9 procedure code 81.51x) after initiation of dialysis. Results: Dialysis patients had a cumulative incidence of THA of 35 episodes/10,000 person-years, compared to 5.3/10,000 in the general population. The leading indication for THA was osteoarthritis of the hip and pelvis (58% of cases). However, the strongest risk factor for THA in dialysis patients was end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to systemic lupus erythematosus; (SLE, adjusted rate ratio (ARR), 6.80, 95% CI 4.62-10.03, in whom avascular necrosis of the hip was the most common indication, 68.4%). The database did not include information on use of corticosteroids. Diabetic recipients were significantly less likely to receive THA, as were males, and African Americans. Mortality after THA was 0.25% at thirty days and 30% at three years, not significantly different from the expected mortality of dialysis, adjusted for comorbidity. Conclusions: The most common indication for THA in dialysis patients is osteoarthritis of the hip, similar to the general population. Patients with SLE are more likely to receive THA which is well tolerated and not associated with increased mortality in this population, perhaps reflecting selection bias due to appropriate screening for this elective procedure. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dialysis Nephrol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU WICHTIG EDITORE PI MILAN PA 72/74 VIA FRIULI, 20135 MILAN, ITALY SN 1121-8428 J9 J NEPHROL JI J. Nephrol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 BP 34 EP 39 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 652AC UT WOS:000181355700005 PM 12649533 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC Glanton, CW Agodoa, LY AF Abbott, KC Glanton, CW Agodoa, LY TI Body mass index and enrollment on the renal transplant waiting list in the United States SO JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE body mass index; obesity; renal transplantation; waiting list; female; Caucasian; African American; diabetes; age ID RISK FACTOR; HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; BACTERIAL SEPTICEMIA; CHRONIC DIALYSIS; VASCULAR ACCESS; MORTALITY; OBESITY; GENDER; IMPACT; HOSPITALIZATIONS AB Background: Previous studies of body mass index (BMI) and enrollment on the renal transplant waiting list have not analyzed a national population of chronic dialysis patients. Methods: 161,265 patients in the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) initiated on end-stage renal disease (ESRD) therapy between 1 April 1995 and 30 June 1997 who had data sufficient to calculate BMI were analyzed in an historical cohort study. Cox Regression analysis was used to model the association of BMI and rates of listing for renal transplantation, censored for death and receipt of renal transplant, and adjusted for demographics, comorbidities in the Medical Evidence Form (2728) and in comparison with patient survival. Results: In univariate analysis, only patients with BMI <21.3 kg/m(2) had a statistically significant lower rate of listing compared to patients with BMI 24.5-28.6 kg/m(2) (6.1 vs. 7.5/100 person years). In Cox Regression analysis, patients with BMI <21.3 kg/m(2) had a 18% lower adjusted rate of listing and a 38% lower rate of survival, and patients with BMI greater than or equal to24.5-28.7 had an 11% higher adjusted rate of listing and no significant difference in adjusted survival compared with patients with BMIgreater than or equal to28.7 kg/m(2). Caucasian females were disproportionately affected by high BMI. Conclusions: Among ESRD patients, lower BMI was independently associated with reduced adjusted rates of listing. High BMI affected rates of listing disproportionately in caucasian females. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), 7 Rudis Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU WICHTIG EDITORE PI MILAN PA 72/74 VIA FRIULI, 20135 MILAN, ITALY SN 1121-8428 J9 J NEPHROL JI J. Nephrol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 BP 40 EP 48 PG 9 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 652AC UT WOS:000181355700006 PM 12649534 ER PT J AU Matsumoto, C Swanson, SJ Agodoa, LY Holtzmuller, KC Abbott, KC AF Matsumoto, C Swanson, SJ Agodoa, LY Holtzmuller, KC Abbott, KC TI Hospitalized gastrointestinal bleeding and procedures after renal transplantation in the United States SO JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE gastrointestinal bleeding; hospitalization; renal transplant; African American; rejection; graft loss; USRDS ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; HEMODIALYSIS; RECIPIENT; DISEASE; FAILURE; HEMORRHAGE AB The risk of hospitalized gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in renal transplant recipients has not been studied in a national renal transplant population. Therefore, 42,906 renal transplant recipients in the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) from 1 July 1994 - 30 June 1998 were analyzed in an historical cohort study of hospitalizations with a primary discharge diagnosis of GIB (ICD9 Code 578.9x) using Cox regression analysis. The 1997 National Hospital Discharge Survey was used to obtain rates of GIB for the general population. Renal transplant recipients had a cumulative incidence of hospitalizations for GIB of 334 events/100,000 person-years. In 1997, compared to the general population, renal transplant recipients had an age-adjusted rate ratio for GIB of 10.69 at one year of follow-up. The strongest risk factors for GIB in Cox regression analysis were graft loss (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.28 (2.84-6.47) and African American recipients who experienced allograft rejection (AHR, 3.04, 95% CI, 1.45-6.37). GIB was associated with increased all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.78, 95% CI, 1.39-2.28). GIB is significantly more common in renal transplant recipients than in the general population, and the strongest risk factors are graft loss and African Americans who experience rejection. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIH, Organ Transplantat Serv, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gastroenterol & Hepatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WICHTIG EDITORE PI MILAN PA 72/74 VIA FRIULI, 20135 MILAN, ITALY SN 1121-8428 J9 J NEPHROL JI J. Nephrol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 652AC UT WOS:000181355700007 PM 12649535 ER PT J AU Alberts, LR Phillips, KO Tu, HK Stinson, WW Friedman, A AF Alberts, LR Phillips, KO Tu, HK Stinson, WW Friedman, A TI A biologic model for assessment of osseous strain patterns and plating systems in the human maxilla SO JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article ID BITE FORCE; FRACTURES; FIXATION AB Purpose: This study was conducted to examine a biomechanical model and to help answer fundamental questions that relate to rigid plate fixation in the maxilla. Specifically, we sought to elucidate the principal strain patterns generated in the maxilla secondary to masticatory forces as well as the amount of permanent deformational changes incurred due to these loading forces. Materials and Methods: Cadaveric heads with the mandible removed were defleshed and placed in a 2-part testing rig to hold and position the skull for testing in a standard material testing system. Rosette strain gages were attached at predefined points on the skull, and an Instron machine was used to load the skull through the loading port on the tray. A Le Fort I osteotomy was then performed on the skull, and a Walter Lorenz Ultra-Micro plating system was applied by a surgeon to reconnect the upper jaw. A 2-mm gap was left at the line of the osteotomy, and a transducer was attached to measure closure of the gap. Again the skull was loaded with the Instron (Canton, MA) machine. Results: The results indicate a linear relationship exists with both maximum (tensile) and minimum (compressive) strain patterns relative to incremental load placement on the intact maxilla. The strain patterns after the Le Fort I osteotomy and plating were different and less linear. The differential variable reluctance transducer data showed a low rate of closure or transient increase in the gap at low loads (0 to 15 kilopond [kp] range) and a steeper slope of closure during high loads (15 to 60 kp range). It is also evident that axial loading forces cause permanent deformation and failure of osseous plating systems predominantly through bending. Conclusions: This model provides a foundation of knowledge regarding biomechanical strains in the maxilla subjected to static compressive loads in the force range of mastication. In addition, it serves as a comparative reference to assess rigidity of various craniofacial plating systems and to validate proposed standardized synthetic models. With the advent of increasingly precise surgery and new plating systems, this model can be used to help guide placement and design of plating systems; thereby allowing for ideal stabilization and optimizing surgical outcome. (C) 2003 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. C1 Alberts Biomech LLC, Omaha, NE 68135 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Sacramento Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Coll Med, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Alberts, LR (reprint author), Alberts Biomech LLC, 4426 S 187th St, Omaha, NE 68135 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0278-2391 J9 J ORAL MAXIL SURG JI J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 61 IS 1 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1053/joms.2003.50013 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 630ZZ UT WOS:000180143100015 PM 12524613 ER PT J AU Baxter, RE Moore, JH Pendergrass, TL Crowder, TA Lynch, S AF Baxter, RE Moore, JH Pendergrass, TL Crowder, TA Lynch, S TI Improvement in sit-up performance associated with 2 different training regimens SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE abdominal muscular fitness; curl-up; strength training ID EXERCISES; VARIETY AB Study Design: Factorial experimental design. Objective: To compare the outcomes of 2 different abdominal muscular fitness training regimens on sit-up performance across sex and abdominal muscular fitness level. Background: Researchers suggest that the curl-up, when compared to the sit-up, optimizes the challenge to the abdominal muscles while minimizing shear and compressive forces on the lumbar spine. Although researchers have compared curl-ups and sit-ups in many ways, a comparison of sit-up performance after training programs involving curl-ups and sit-ups has not been investigated. Methods and Measures: One hundred two active, healthy, college-aged subjects participated in this study. After stratification based upon maximal 2-minute sit-up performance during the orientation session, subjects were randomly assigned to either a training group using curl-up exercise, a training group using sit-up exercise, or a control group. Maximal 2-minute sit-up test performance was measured before and after a 6-week training program. Data were analyzed utilizing an ANOVA model. Significant interactions or main effects were analyzed utilizing Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference Test. Level of significance for all testing was at alpha = 0.05. Results: The sit-up training group improved significantly (P<0.05). No significant difference in sit-up performance was noted for the curl-up or control groups after the 6-week training program. No statistically significant difference in improvement was noted between sex of subject and level of abdominal muscular fitness of subject. Conclusions: Short-term sit-up training with the Modified Kersey Method in this population significantly improved a maximum 2-minute sit-up test performance. Curl-up training utilizing the same method did not result in improvement in the number of sit-ups performed in 2 minutes. Specificity of training provides the primary explanation for our findings. C1 Command & Gen Staff Coll, Combined Arms Ctr, Leavenworth, KS USA. US Mil Acad, Baylor Univ, Post Profess Sports Med Phys Therapy Doctoral Res, W Point, NY USA. US Mil Acad, Keller Army Community Hosp, W Point, NY USA. Irwin Army Community Hosp, Ft Riley, KS USA. DeWitt Army Communty Hosp, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Baxter, RE (reprint author), 30453 199th St, Leavenworth, KS 66048 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU J O S P T, ALLIANCE GROUP COMMUNICATIONS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 33 IS 1 BP 40 EP 47 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 702GN UT WOS:000184216300007 PM 12570285 ER PT J AU Zhang, SS Xu, K Jow, TR AF Zhang, SS Xu, K Jow, TR TI Tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite as a co-solvent for nonflammable electrolytes in Li-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Li-ion battery; nonflammable electrolyte; phosphite; phosphate; fire retardant ID LITHIUM INTERCALATED GRAPHITE; ACCELERATING RATE CALORIMETRY; THERMAL-STABILITY; CELLS; ELECTRODES; COMPONENTS AB In this work, we used tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite (TTFP), in which the oxidization number of phosphorus was three (III), to formulate nonflammable electrolytes of the Li-ion batteries. Using 1 m (mole solute per kilogram solvent) LiPF6 3:3:4 (w) propylene carbonate (PC)/ethylene carbonate (EC)/ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) electrolyte as a baseline, the effect of TTFP on the flammability and conductivity of the electrolytes, as well as the cell performance was evaluated. It is observed that the addition of TTFP can substantially reduce flammability of the electrolytes at a small expense in the ionic conductivity. When the TTFP content reaches 15 wt.% versus the solvent, the electrolyte becomes nonflammable. In Li/graphite half-cell, TTFP not only suppresses PC decomposition and graphite exfoliation but also increases Coulombic efficiency (CE) of the lithiation and delithiation cycle. In Li/cathode (a lithium nickel-based mixed oxide cathode) half-cell, TTFP has negligible adverse impact on the cycling performance when the cells are cycled between 2.7 and 4.2 V. In graphite/cathode Li-ion cell using PC-based electrolytes, TTFP can improve cycling performance, especially at high temperature (60 degreesC), since its presence favors the formation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film on the graphite electrode and increases thermal stability of LiPF6-based electrolytes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, SS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012; Xu, Kang/C-6054-2013 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110; NR 31 TC 109 Z9 123 U1 3 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 113 IS 1 BP 166 EP 172 AR PII S0378-7753(02)00537-2 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00537-2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 633PC UT WOS:000180290800018 ER PT J AU Pannes, DD Bailey, DK Thompson, JY Pietz, DM AF Pannes, DD Bailey, DK Thompson, JY Pietz, DM TI Orthodontic bonding to porcelain: a comparison of bonding systems SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID STRENGTH; RESIN; SURFACES AB Statement of problem. Direct bonding of orthodontic brackets to porcelain surfaces has been plagued by failure. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to compare the bond strengths of several different bonding systems when bonding orthodontic brackets to porcelain-fused-to-metal surfaces. Material and methods. Fifty natural glazed feldspathic porcelain-fused-to-noble metal disks 6 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height (1 mm metal and 2 mm porcelain) were fabricated and divided into 5 groups of 10. A different bonding system (GC America Fuji LC, American Ortho Spectrum, 3M Transbond, TP Orthodontics Python, and Kerr Herculite) was assigned to each group, and 50 identical orthodontic brackets were bonded (with the above mentioned systems) to each disk according to each manufacturer's instructions. Each system except TP Orthodontics Python conditioned with phosphoric acid (35% to 37.5%) and all systems were primed with silane before bonding. The specimens were subjected to gradual shear forces tip to 123 N in a universal testing machine (Instron Corp, Canton, Mass.) until fracture. The shear bond strength of the bonding systems between the porcelain surface and the bracket was measured in megapascals (MPa). Failures were observed via a Zeiss optical microscope (10x); Tukey's HSD Test and analysis of variance were used to determine significance between the bonding systems at P<.05 level of significance. Results. Failure of all of specimens was adhesive between the porcelain surface and the bonding agents. On the basis of a current literature review, bonding systems were categorized as clinically acceptable if they bad a shear bond strength of 6 to 8 MPa. The 3M Transbond Bonding System, American Orthodontics Spectrum Bonding System, and GC America Fuji Ortho LC Bonding System performed within this clinically acceptable range (6 to 8 MPa), whereas Kerr Herculite Bonding System and TP Orthodontics Python Bonding System did not (2 to 4 MPa). The bond strengths of GC America Fuji Ortho LC, 3M Transbond, and American Orthodontics Spectrum were significantly greater (mean = 2.3 times) than TP Orthodontics Python or Kerr Herculite bonding systems. Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study, the results reaffirm the regimen of conditioning with phosphoric acid and priming with silane before bonding orthodontic brackets to feldspathic porcelain fused to noble metal. All products indicated for this purpose may not achieve satisfactory bond strengths; however, because they do not all include the critical steps of conditioning with phosphoric acid and priming with silane. The 3M Transbond Bonding System, American Orthodontics Spectrum Bonding System, and GC America Fuji Ortho LC Bonding System performed within the clinically acceptable range (6 to 8 MPa), whereas Kerr Herculite Bonding System and TP Orthodontics Python Bonding System did not (2 to 4 MPa). C1 Smoke Bomb Hill Dent Clin, USA Dent Corps, USA Adv Educ Gen Dent, Program Year 2, Ft Bragg, NC USA. Smoke Bomb Hill Dent Clin, USA Dent Corps, AEGD Program Year 2, Dept Prosthodont, Ft Bragg, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Operat Dent, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Pannes, DD (reprint author), 3106 Peverly Run Rd, Abingdon, MD 21009 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 89 IS 1 BP 66 EP 69 DI 10.1067/mpr.2003.63 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 649FA UT WOS:000181195200013 PM 12589289 ER PT J AU Jameson, TC Luces, SA Kirby, SF AF Jameson, TC Luces, SA Kirby, SF TI Meteorological forecast model applications to aerodynamic decelerators SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB The ability to deliver airdrop cargo loads precisely is vitally important to U.S. military operations. A critical factor affecting airdrop precision is the state of the atmosphere (winds and air density) through which the parachute descends. Instruments such as weather balloons and, more recently, "dropsondes" (parachute-borne devices that measure the winds near the cargo drops), provide detailed meteorological information for determining the required parachute release point. However, it might not be feasible to obtain atmospheric soundings using these instruments, either close enough to the intended target or during the time frame of the airdrop operations. In these cases, the use of a high-resolution meteorological computer model becomes extremely desirable. Such a model can predict the necessary atmospheric parameters at the location and time of interest. The evaluation of one such computer model in its application to airdrop operations is addressed. Model output is statistically evaluated against balloon and dropsonde soundings and also is incorporated into an airdrop simulator for comparison against actual parachute trajectories. Model comparisons against the in situ measurements showed very close correlation. Inputting the model predictions to the parachute simulator yielded less accurate, but still promising, results for the single case study that was available. C1 USA, Res Lab, Battlefield Environm Div, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. RP Jameson, TC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Battlefield Environm Div, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 40 IS 1 BP 49 EP 55 DI 10.2514/2.3914 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 643AG UT WOS:000180839300008 ER PT J AU Berg, BW Vincent, DS Hudson, DA AF Berg, BW Vincent, DS Hudson, DA TI Remote critical care consultation: telehealth projection of clinical specialty expertise SO JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Successes and Failures in Telehealth CY MAY 25-26, 2003 CL BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Queensland Ctr Online Hlth, Royal Childrens Hosp ID ILL PATIENTS; TELEMEDICINE; UNIT AB Remote critical care consultations have been employed between the Naval Hospital in Guam and the Tripler Army Medical Center in Hawaii, a distance of 5300 km. During a 10-week study period there were physician-physician daily consultation rounds for patients in the intensive care unit at the Naval Hospital. Physiological data, video-images and sound were transmitted via a 768 kbit/s frame relay connection, albeit with a 1-3 s delay. During the study there were 87 consultations concerning 25 patients. Preliminary results showed that a broad range of critical care patients could be managed effectively through daily remote critical care consultation. Broader implementation of this strategy may represent a method of making critical care expertise available to front-line military health-care facilities and to remote civilian facilities with limited critical care expertise. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, DM, MCHK, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Pacific Telehlth & Technol Hui, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Berg, BW (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, DM, MCHK, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 1357-633X J9 J TELEMED TELECARE JI J. Telemed. Telecare PY 2003 VL 9 SU 2 BP S9 EP S11 PG 3 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 758HG UT WOS:000187627900005 PM 14728748 ER PT J AU Vincent, DS Berg, BW Hudson, DA AF Vincent, DS Berg, BW Hudson, DA TI Interactive nursing skills training using advanced networked technology SO JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Successes and Failures in Telehealth CY MAY 25-26, 2003 CL BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Queensland Ctr Online Hlth, Royal Childrens Hosp AB We have developed a Web-based e-learning tool for teaching nursing skills, using educational material from a hospital-based nursing skills 'fair'. Management software was used to track skill certification and continuing education contact hours. The content could be delivered over the Internet and through firewalls using Windows Media Player version 9. The content was structured in a manner that made it adaptable to an e-learning system that used the Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM), a set of specifications for delivering educational materials through technology-based methods. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Pacific Telehlth & Technol Hui, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Vincent, DS (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 1357-633X J9 J TELEMED TELECARE JI J. Telemed. Telecare PY 2003 VL 9 SU 2 BP S68 EP S70 PG 3 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 758HG UT WOS:000187627900025 PM 14728767 ER PT J AU Vincent, DS Berg, BW Hudson, DA Chitpatima, ST AF Vincent, DS Berg, BW Hudson, DA Chitpatima, ST TI International medical education between Hawaii and Thailand over Internet2 SO JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Successes and Failures in Telehealth CY MAY 25-26, 2003 CL BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Queensland Ctr Online Hlth, Royal Childrens Hosp AB International medical education sessions have been successfully conducted by videoconferencing using Internet2. The sessions were between two tertiary care medical centres, in Honolulu and Bangkok. However, video quality was lower than for similar sessions using ISDN and audience satisfaction was less. The main reasons for the lower quality were network congestion and bandwidth allocation by the videoconferencing equipment. Software to ensure quality of service is available, but is not easy to implement. There were also network security problems and the costs were high. Our international videoconferences averaged 40-50 hours per year, an activity level at which connection costs were lower for ISDN than for Internet2. It appears that Internet2 videoconferencing for medical education is best reserved for academic institutions that have other high-bandwidth network requirements. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Pacific Telehlth & Technol Hui, Honolulu, HI USA. Phramongkutklao Med Ctr, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Vincent, DS (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 1357-633X J9 J TELEMED TELECARE JI J. Telemed. Telecare PY 2003 VL 9 SU 2 BP S71 EP S72 PG 2 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 758HG UT WOS:000187627900026 PM 14728768 ER PT J AU Halvorson, JJ Gatto, LW McCool, DK AF Halvorson, JJ Gatto, LW McCool, DK TI Overwinter changes to near-surface bulk density, penetration resistance and infiltration rates in compacted soil SO JOURNAL OF TERRAMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE tank ruts; soil compaction; bulk density; soil penetration resistance; saturated hydraulic conductivity; Yakima Training Center ID PENETROMETER; TILLAGE; MODEL AB Previous studies at Yakima Training Center (YTC), in Washington State, suggest freeze-thaw (FT) cycles can ameliorate soil compacted by tracked military vehicles [J. Terra-mechanics 38 (2001) 133]. However, we know little about the short-term effects of soil freezing over a single winter. We measured bulk density (BD), soil penetration resistance (SPR), and steady-state runoff rates in soil newly tracked by an Abrams tank and in uncompacted soil, before and after a single winter at YTC. We similarly measured BD, SPR and saturated hydraulic conductivity (k(fs)) in simulated tank tracks at another site near Lind Washington. Average BD was significantly greater in tank ruts at YTC and in simulated tracks at the Lind site than in uncompacted soil soon after tracking and did not change significantly during the winter of 1997-1998. Measurements of SPR were strongly influenced by soil moisture. When soil was moist or tracks were newly formed, SPR was significantly higher in tank ruts than in uncompacted soil from the surface to a depth of about 10-15 cm. The greatest average SPR in compacted soil was observed between 4 and 6 cm depth. We observed less difference in SPR between tank ruts and uncompacted soil near-surface at YTC as the time after trafficking increased. We observed highest SPR ratios (compacted rut: undisturbed) in fresh tracks near the surface, with lower ratios associated with increasing track age or soil depth, indicating that some recovery had occurred at YTC near-surface. However, we did not observe a similar over-winter change in SPR profiles at the Lind site. Rainfall simulator data from YTC showed higher steady-state runoff rates in tank ruts than over uncompacted soil both before and after winter. However, more time was required to reach steady-state flow in tank ruts and the proportion of runoff was slightly lower in May 1998 than in August 1997. At the Lind site, k(fs) was lower in newly compacted soil than in one-year old compacted soil or uncompacted soil. Our data suggest that indices of water infiltration such as steady-state runoff rates or k(fs), are more sensitive indicators of soil recovery after compaction than are BD or SPR. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of ISTVS. C1 USDA, ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Geol Sci Div, Res & Engn Directorate, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Halvorson, JJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4898 J9 J TERRAMECHANICS JI J. Terramech. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 40 IS 1 BP 1 EP 24 DI 10.1016/S0022-4898(03)00014-4 PG 24 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA 749XX UT WOS:000186956300001 ER PT J AU Osswald, SS Elston, DM Vogel, PS AF Osswald, SS Elston, DM Vogel, PS TI Giant right plantar keloid treated with excision and tissue-engineered allograft SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN SKIN EQUIVALENT; HYPERTROPHIC SCARS; VENOUS ULCERS; APLIGRAF; APOPTOSIS; WOUNDS; GROWTH AB Plantar keloids are a management problem as a result of the pain and mechanic restriction with ambulation. We present the treatment of a patient with a particularly large plantar keloid that was refractory to multiple excisions, adjunctive intralesional steroids, and radiation therapy, who was successfully treated with excision, intralesional steroids, and tissue-engineered allograft placement. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Osswald, SS (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 48 IS 1 BP 131 EP 134 DI 10.1067/mjd.2003.48 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 634PC UT WOS:000180348600019 PM 12522384 ER PT J AU Lee, TC O'Malley, PG Feuerstein, I Taylor, AJ AF Lee, TC O'Malley, PG Feuerstein, I Taylor, AJ TI The prevalence and severity of coronary artery calcification on coronary artery computed tomography in black and white subjects SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; YOUNG-ADULTS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; OLDER ADULTS; SERUM LEVELS; CALCIUM; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EVENTS; WOMEN; DETERMINANTS AB OBJECTIVES We studied the relationship between coronary artery calcium (CAC) and race in asymptomatic, active-duty personnel in the Prospective Army Coronary Calcium (PACC) project. BACKGROUND Valid cardiovascular risk assessments in black Americans using coronary artery computed tomography (coronary CT) require the generalizability of population-based CAC score distributions derived from primarily white patient populations. METHODS Among 1,000 consecutive participants (mean age, 42 +/- 2 years; range, 40 to 45 years), 999 participants underwent coronary CT and indicated a specific racial affiliation. This included white, non-Hispanic in 699 (69.9%) participants and black, non-Hispanic in 194 (19.4%) participants. Univariate associations between race and cardiovascular risk variables were entered into a logistic regression model for CAC that also controlled for socioeconomic status and education. RESULTS Coronary artery calcium was nearly twice as prevalent in white (19.2%) than in black participants (10.3%) (p = 0.004). Black individuals had a threefold greater prevalence of hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, ST-T-wave abnormalities, and current cigarette smoking. Black subjects also had significantly greater blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipoprotein(a) and fibrinogen levels, and lower triglyceride levels and waist girth than white subjects. After adjustment for these differences, and socioeconomic adjusters, black individuals were 39% as likely to have any CAC present (odds ratio, 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.20 to 0.78; p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Despite a worse cardiovascular risk profile, black Americans have significantly less CAC than white Americans. The use of coronary CT as an accurate risk prediction tool in black Americans will require ethnic-specific data on the presence and severity of CAC. (C) 2003 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Dept Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Taylor, AJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Dept Cardiol, 6900 Georgia Ave NW,Bldg 2,Room 4A, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 33 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 AR PII S0735-1097(02)02618-9 DI 10.1016/S0735-1097(02)02618-9 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 631PF UT WOS:000180175600007 PM 12570942 ER PT J AU Martin, PB Pugliese, GJ Leishman, JG AF Martin, PB Pugliese, GJ Leishman, JG TI High resolution trailing vortex measurements in the wake of a hovering rotor SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HELICOPTER ROTOR; TIP VORTEX; WINGTIP VORTEX; NEAR-FIELD; VORTICES; DYNAMICS; FLOWS; VELOCIMETRY; TURBULENCE; ROLLUP AB High-resolution three-dimensional velocity field measurements and flow visualization results were acquired in the flow field near the tip of a rotor blade operating in hover. Using three-component laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV), the measurements documented the trailing vortex formation, the initial core structure, and the viscous evolution of the vortex properties. The test conditions covered a range of wake-ages from as young as one-degree, up to about one rotor revolution. For each wake age, vortex core properties were estimated from the velocity field measurements. The high spatial resolution obtained with LDV has shown that the tip vortex core radius can be less than 3% chord at early wake-ages, but grows asymptotically as it ages. A significant axial velocity deficit (on the order of the peak swirl velocity) existed in the vortex core at early wake-ages, but the deficit rapidly diminished as the vortex aged. Using a Richardson parameter combined with flow visualization, the results suggest that the inner core of the vortex is mostly laminar at the vortex Reynolds numbers tested in this experiment. It was found that bands of turbulent eddies, originating from an adjacent vortex sheet, underwent a re-laminarization process as they were entrained into the vortex core. The evidence suggests that the entire tip vortex structure is neither fully laminar nor fully turbulent, but is instead in a continuous state of dynamic evolution with a region of relatively slow laminar diffusion and a region of accelerated turbulent diffusion. It is suggested that the variation of peak swirl velocity is the result of the competing influences of an inviscid roll-up process, relaminarization inside the vortex core, and viscous diffusion around the core boundary. C1 Univ Maryland, Glenn L Martin Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Alfred Gessow Rotorcraft Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Martin, PB (reprint author), USA, Aerodynam Directorate, AMCOM, NASA,Ames Res Ctr, M-S 215-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 63 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 48 IS 1 BP 39 EP 52 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 637KD UT WOS:000180509500005 ER PT J AU Nixon, MW Langston, CW Singleton, JD Piatak, DJ Kvaternik, RG Corso, LM Brown, R AF Nixon, MW Langston, CW Singleton, JD Piatak, DJ Kvaternik, RG Corso, LM Brown, R TI Technical note - Hover test of a soft-inplane gimballed tiltrotor model SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB A preliminary study of a soft-inplane gimballed tiltrotor model subject to ground resonance conditions in hover has been completed. Parametric variations of the rotor collective pitch and blade root damping, and their associated effects on the aeromechanical stability of both the isolated rotor system and the coupled wing/pylon/rotor system were examined. Results showed aeromechanical behavior which is significantly different from that associated with classical soft-inplane helicopter rotor systems. The unstable mode of the coupled aeromechanical system was a fixed system wing mode while in classical ground resonance the rotor lag mode becomes unstable. Damping of the isolated rotor lag mode was determined to be extremely sensitive to the collective pitch setting, as was damping and the associated stability of the critical wing mode for the coupled aeromechanical system. C1 USA, Vehicle Technol Directorate, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aeroelast Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. Bell Helicopter Textron Inc, Rotor Dynam, Ft Worth, TX USA. Bell Helicopter Textron Inc, Res Projects, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Nixon, MW (reprint author), USA, Vehicle Technol Directorate, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 48 IS 1 BP 63 EP 66 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 637KD UT WOS:000180509500007 ER PT J AU Wu, XY Ramesh, KT Wright, TW AF Wu, XY Ramesh, KT Wright, TW TI The dynamic growth of a single void in a viscoplastic material under transient hydrostatic loading SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE A. dynamic fracture; dynamics; voids and inclusions; shock waves; B. viscoplastic materials ID ELASTIC-PLASTIC SOLIDS; HIGH-STRAIN-RATE; CAVITATION INSTABILITIES; COALESCENCE; MICROVOIDS; IMPACT AB We have examined the problem of the dynamic growth of a single spherical void in an elastic-viscoplastic medium, with a view towards addressing a number of problems that arise during the dynamic failure of metals. Particular attention is paid to inertial, thermal and rate-dependent effects, which have not previously been thoroughly studied in a combined setting. It is shown that the critical stress for unstable growth of the void in the quasistatic case is strongly affected by the thermal softening of the material (in adiabatic calculations). Thermal softening has the effect of lowering the critical stress, and has a stronger influence at high strain hardening exponents. It is shown that the thermally diffusive case for quasistatic void growth in rate-dependent materials is strongly affected by the initial void size, because of the length scale introduced by the thermal diffusion. The effects of inertia are quantified, and it is demonstrated that inertial effects are small in the early stages of void growth and are strongly dependent on the initial size of the void and the rate of loading. Under supercritical loading for the inertial problem, voids of all sizes achieve a constant absolute void growth rate in the long term. Inertia first impedes, but finally promotes dynamic void growth under a subcritical loading. For dynamic void growth, the effect of rate-hardening is to reduce the rate of void growth in comparison to the rate-independent case, and to reduce the final relative void growth achieved. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Ramesh, KT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 24 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD JAN PY 2003 VL 51 IS 1 BP 1 EP 26 AR PII S0022-5096(02)00079-0 DI 10.1016/S0022-5096(02)00079-0 PG 26 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 619PD UT WOS:000179484400001 ER PT J AU Opsenica, D Kyle, DE Milhous, WK Solaja, BA AF Opsenica, D Kyle, DE Milhous, WK Solaja, BA TI Antimalarial, antimycobacterial and antiproliferative activity of phenyl substituted mixed tetraoxanes SO JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE mixed tetraoxane; malaria; tuberculosis; cancer; peroxide; steroid ID DERIVATIVES; DISPIRO-1,2,4,5-TETRAOXANES; ARTEMISININ; 7,8,15,16-TETRAOXADISPIRO<5.2.5.2>HEXADECANES; 1,2,4,5-TETRAOXANES; DIHYDROARTEMISININ; 3-ARYLTRIOXANES; RODENTS AB Mixed tetraoxanes of the 4"-phenyl-substituted cyclohexyl-spirotetraoxacyclohexyl-spirocholate series have been prepared and evaluated as possible antimalarials, anti-proliferatives and antimycobacterials. The activity of the (4"R or S)-phenyl series against P falciarum D6 and W2 strains was found to be at the level of artemisinin. with two compounds. the acid 4 and the amide 6, exhibiting encouraging anti-TB activity as well. Very promising in vitro results of the said tetraoxanes were obtained against solid tumours and, in some instances. the activity against a selected number of cell lines was higher than that of the antitumor drug paclitaxel. C1 Univ Belgrade, Fac Chem, YU-11001 Belgrade, Serbia Monteneg, Yugoslavia. Inst Chem Technol & Met, YU-11000 Belgrade, Serbia Monteneg, Yugoslavia. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Solaja, BA (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Fac Chem, POB 158, YU-11001 Belgrade, Serbia Monteneg, Yugoslavia. OI Solaja, Bogdan/0000-0002-9975-2725 NR 23 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOC PI BELGRADE PA KARNEGIJEVA 4, PO BOX 462, YU-11001 BELGRADE, YUGOSLAVIA SN 0352-5139 J9 J SERB CHEM SOC JI J. Serb. Chem. Soc. PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4-5 BP 291 EP 302 DI 10.2298/JSC0305291O PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 688FP UT WOS:000183423800008 ER PT J AU Moran, DS Pandolf, KB Shapiro, Y Laor, A Heled, Y Gonzalez, RR AF Moran, DS Pandolf, KB Shapiro, Y Laor, A Heled, Y Gonzalez, RR TI Evaluation of the environmental stress index for physiological variables SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heat-stress; indices; rectal temperature; heart rate; sweat rate ID MATHEMATICAL PREDICTION MODEL; GLOBE TEMPERATURE WBGT; HEAT-STRESS; VALIDATION; ADJUSTMENT; RESPONSES AB Recently, a new environmental stress index (ESI), based on ambient temperature (T-a), relative humidity and solar radiation, was suggested. ESI was found to be highly correlated to the WBGT index. However, ESI was not correlated with any physiological variable that reflects strain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ESI for three different physiological variables (rectal temperature (T-re), heart rate (f(c)) and sweat rate (m(sw))), and with the physiological strain index (PSI). Twelve young men were exposed outdoors for 12 different experimental combinations consisting of three metabolic rates (rest, moderate and hard exercise intensity), two clothing ensembles (cotton clothing and protective overgarments), and two solar radiation levels (shade and sun). Each exposure lasted 120 min with T-re and f(c) being continuously monifored. High correlations (Rgreater than or equal to0.838) were found when statistical analysis was done between ESI and T-re, f(c), m(sw), or PSI, which have the potential to be widely accepted and used universally. However, further studies between physiological. variables and ESI obtained from other climatic conditions, different exercise intensities, and additional clothing ensembles need to be evaluated. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Heller Inst Med Res, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Moran, DS (reprint author), Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Heller Inst Med Res, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 AR PII S0306-4565(02)00035-9 DI 10.1016/S0306-4565(02)00035-9 PG 7 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA 638QW UT WOS:000180582600006 ER PT J AU Sabourin, CLK Danne, MM Buxton, KL Rogers, JV Niemuth, NA Blank, JA Babin, MC Casillas, RP AF Sabourin, CLK Danne, MM Buxton, KL Rogers, JV Niemuth, NA Blank, JA Babin, MC Casillas, RP TI Modulation of sulfur mustard-induced inflammation and gene expression by olvanil in the hairless mouse vesicant model SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur mustard (SM); bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide; skin; inflammation; mouse; in vivo; animal model; vanilloid; olvanil; protection ID HUMAN-SKIN; SUBSTANCE-P; IN-VITRO; HISTOPATHOLOGIC FEATURES; ADHESION MOLECULE; PIG SKIN; EXPOSURE; CYTOKINE; INJURY; NEUROPEPTIDES AB Cutaneous exposure to sulfur mustard [bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide (SM)] produces a delayed inflammatory skin response that is followed by severe dermal injury. Assessment of anti-inflammatory therapies against SM-induced skin injury has mainly relied on qualitative histopathological evaluation. The goal of this study was to identify proinflammatory biomarkers in the hairless mouse vesicant model that could be used as additional indicators of SM-induced skin injury for evaluating anti-inflammatory treatment. SM-induced inflammation was determined at 2, 6, and 24 hr postexposure by changes in edema. Ribonuclease protection assay (RPA) was used to determine changes in gene expression of inflammatory mediators. At 2, 6, and 24 hr postexposure, a time-dependent increase in edema was observed in SM-exposed skin, which was significant at 6 and 24 hr when compared to unexposed controls. Ribonuclease protection assay analysis revealed a two-fold or greater increase in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), MIP-1alpha, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin (IL)-1beta following exposure to SM when compared to unexposed controls. A significant time-dependent increase was observed in MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, and IL-1beta over the 24 hr time period. At 24 hr postexposure, skin treated with the anti-inflammatory drug olvanil showed a significant decrease in SM-induced edema. Additionally, mRNA levels of MCP-1 MIP-2, and IL-1beta were decreased when compared to skin exposed to SM alone. In this study, we identified molecular biomarkers at the mRNA level, up-regulated in skin exposed to SM, which can be partially suppressed by olvanil. Further characterization of the mRNA and protein expression patterns of proinflammatory biomarkers may enable the use of other classes of anti-inflammatory drugs or therapeutic treatments against SM dermal injury. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Casillas, RP (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3829 J9 J TOXICOL-CUTAN OCUL JI J. Toxicol.-Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 2003 VL 22 IS 3 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.1081/CUS-120022753 PG 12 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA 706LZ UT WOS:000184456300002 ER PT J AU Amir, A Kadar, T Chapman, S Turetz, J Levy, A Babin, M Ricketts, K Brozetti, J Logan, T Ross, M AF Amir, A Kadar, T Chapman, S Turetz, J Levy, A Babin, M Ricketts, K Brozetti, J Logan, T Ross, M TI The distribution kinetics of topical C-14-sulfur mustard in rabbit ocular tissues and the effect of acetylcysteine SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE C-14-sulfur mustard; sulfur mustard; acetylcysteine; cornea; distribution kinetics ID SULFUR MUSTARD; TEAR-FILM; IN-VITRO; GLUTATHIONE; TOXICITY; RAT; CYTOTOXICITY; LYMPHOCYTES; PROTECTION; CYSTEINE AB Sulfur mustard (2,2-dichlorodiethyl sulfide; HD), is a potent alkylating agent which in liquid or vapor form is capable of causing severe injuries to skin and respiratory tract, and was shown to cause short- and long-term ocular injuries. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) may act as a mucolytic agent, changing the "wetting" and scavenging properties of the cornea and thus the adhesion of HD. Moreover, NAC is a scavenger of HD, an antioxidant and a glutathione precursor, which was shown to reduce HD toxicity in various systems. The ocular distribution of C-14, after topical application of liquid C-14- sulfur mustard (C-14-HD) to the rabbit cornea, and the role of NAC in reducing HD retention and toxicity are presented in this study. Groups of rabbits were exposed to 0.4 muL of liquid C-14-HD, placed at the center of the cornea, with or without NAC treatment. Fifty muL NAC (10% aqueous solution) was topically applied, 10 minutes before and 10 minutes after HD exposure. Three time points were evaluated: 1, 6, and 24 hr after HD exposure, six rabbits per time point. Evaluation consisted of clinical observation, measurement of biochemical parameters in aqueous humor (AQ), counting radioactivity concentration in ocular tissues, and histology of corneal sections. One hour after corneal exposure to liquid C-14-HD, approximately 2% of total applied radioactivity was recovered. The highest C-14 concentration was found in the cornea, followed by the tarsal section of eyelid, aqueous humor, nictitating membrane, and the frontal sclera (including conjunctiva). The rate of radioactivity decrease varied from one ocular tissue to the other, the highest rate was found in aqueous and vitreous humors, also in accordance with their higher turnover rates. The NAC treatment reduced the radioactivity in most ocular tissues. The HD exposure caused typical clinical and histological signs of HD intoxication, and increased the aqueous protein and prostaglandin (PGE) content. The NAC treatment lowered eyelid edema but had no effect on AQ protein or PGE content; however, there was some aggravating effect of the NAC treatment on corneal epithelial cells, seen at 1 and 6 hr after exposure. C1 Israel Inst Biol Res, IL-70450 Ness Ziona, Israel. DTRA, CB, Dulles, VA USA. Kimbro Army Ambulatory Care, Ctr Ft Meade, MD USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Drug Assessment Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Amir, A (reprint author), Israel Inst Biol Res, IL-70450 Ness Ziona, Israel. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3829 J9 J TOXICOL-CUTAN OCUL JI J. Toxicol.-Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 2003 VL 22 IS 4 BP 201 EP 214 DI 10.1081/CUS-120026300 PG 14 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA 753AT UT WOS:000187209700002 ER PT J AU Babin, MC Ricketts, KM Kiser, RC Gazaway, MY Krogel, N Mitcheltree, LW Moore, DM Skvorak, K Sweeney, RE Koplovitz, I Casillas, RP AF Babin, MC Ricketts, KM Kiser, RC Gazaway, MY Krogel, N Mitcheltree, LW Moore, DM Skvorak, K Sweeney, RE Koplovitz, I Casillas, RP TI A 7-day mouse model to assess protection from sulfur mustard (SM) skin injury SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE capsaicin; sulfur mustard; skin; mouse; model; vanilloid; vesicant; protection ID EAR VESICANT MODEL; CULTURED HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; SUBSTANCE-P; PIG SKIN; CYTOKINE; LESIONS; INTERLEUKIN-1-ALPHA; INVOLVEMENT; MODULATION; EXPRESSION AB The mouse ear vesicant model (MEVM) is a screening tool used to identify protective compounds against acute sulfur mustard (SM)-induced skin injury. It provides endpoints of edema and histopathology 24 h following a topical SM exposure to assess protection against inflammation and tissue damage. To further evaluate successful compounds, the MEVM was modified for use as a 7-day model. Dose response studies were conducted with SM to select an optimal challenge dose for the new model. Due to severity of SM-induced tissue damage by Day 7, edema and histopathology were determined unreliable endpoints. Therefore, a modified Draize scoring system (no damage to extensive necrosis) was incorporated as an endpoint to evaluate tissue damage out to Day 7. To aid in optimal SM dose selection, retro synthetic capsaicin (RSCAP), a protective compound in the MEVM, was evaluated as a treatment 15 min before exposure to 0.06, 0.08, and 0.16 mg SM. The RSCAP compound provided similar significant protection at Day 7 against the 0.06- (42% reduction) and 0.08-mg doses (32% reduction), but was not effective against the severely necrotizing 0.16-mg SM dose. Based on these results, an optimum SM dose of 0.08 mg was selected. Retro synthetic capsaicin and two pharmacologically inactive analogs were tested as topical treatments 15 min prior to SM challenge. The RSCAP compound significantly reduced injury, whereas the inactive analogs had no protective effect. The RSCAP also significantly reduced SM injury when administered topically 10 min after SM challenge. These data support the use of the 7-day mouse ear vesicant treatment model (MEVTM) in evaluating candidate antivesicant compounds. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Med Res & Evaluat Facil, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Babin, MC (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Med Res & Evaluat Facil, 505 King Ave,JM-3, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3829 J9 J TOXICOL-CUTAN OCUL JI J. Toxicol.-Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 2003 VL 22 IS 4 BP 231 EP 242 DI 10.1081/CUS-120026302 PG 12 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA 753AT UT WOS:000187209700004 ER PT J AU Pusateri, AE McCarthy, SJ Gregory, KW Harris, RA Cardenas, L McManus, AT Goodwin, CW AF Pusateri, AE McCarthy, SJ Gregory, KW Harris, RA Cardenas, L McManus, AT Goodwin, CW TI Effect of a chitosan-based hemostatic dressing on blood loss and survival in a model of severe venous hemorrhage and hepatic injury in swine SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE hemorrhage; trauma; hemostasis; liver; venous; chitosan; dressing; swine ID N-ACETYL GLUCOSAMINE; FIBRIN SEALANT DRESSINGS; V LIVER INJURIES; MICROCRYSTALLINE CHITOSAN; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR CELLS; LINGUAL HEMOSTASIS; TRAUMA; CHITIN; DEATH; RECEPTOR AB Background: Hemorrhage is a leading cause of death from trauma. An advanced hemostatic dressing could augment available hemostatic methods. We studied the effects of a new chitosan dressing on blood loss, survival, and fluid use after severe hepatic injury in swine. Methods: Swine received chitosan dressings or gauze sponges. Standardized, severe liver injuries were induced. After 30 seconds, dressings were applied and resuscitation initiated. Blood loss, hemostasis, resuscitation volume, and 60-minute survival were quantified. Results: Posttreatment blood loss was reduced (p < 0.01) in the chitosan group (264 mL; 95% confidence interval [CI], 82-852 mL) compared with the gauze group (2,879 mL; 95% CI, 78810,513 mL). Fluid use was reduced (p = 0.03) in the chitosan group (1,793 mL; 95% CI, 749-4,291) compared with the gauze group (6,614 mL; 95% CI, 2,51917,363 mL). Survival was seven of eight and two of even in the chitosan and gauze groups (p = 0.04), respectively. Hemostasis was improved in the chitosan group (p 0.03). Conclusion: A chitosan dressing reduced hemorrhage and improved survival after severe liver injury in swine. Further studies are warranted. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Lib Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Oregon Med Laser Ctr, Portland, OR USA. RP Pusateri, AE (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Lib Branch, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 50 TC 162 Z9 172 U1 5 U2 34 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JAN PY 2003 VL 54 IS 1 BP 177 EP 182 DI 10.1097/01.TA.0000032512.04647.C6 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 636PK UT WOS:000180464900041 PM 12544915 ER PT J AU Severson, WE Schmaljohn, CS Javadian, A Jonsson, CB AF Severson, WE Schmaljohn, CS Javadian, A Jonsson, CB TI Ribavirin causes error catastrophe during Hantaan virus replication SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; HANTAVIRUSES; RNA; TRIPHOSPHATE; INHIBITION; POLYMERASE; INVITRO AB Except for ribavirin, no other antiviral drugs for treating hantaviral diseases have been identified. It is well established that ribavirin will inhibit the production of infectious Hantaan virus (HTNV); however, its mechanism of action is unknown. To characterize the inhibitory effect of ribavirin on HTNV, the levels of viral RNAs, proteins, and infectious particles were measured for 3 days posttreatment of HTNV-infected Vero E6 cells. HTNV-infected cells treated with ribavirin showed a slight reduction in the levels of cRNA, viral RNA, and mRNA populations on the first day postinfection. The amount of cRNA and viral RNA increased to that observed for untreated HTNV-infected cells on day 2, whereas mRNA levels were more greatly reduced on days 2 and 3. Despite the finding of S-segment mRNA, albeit low, three of the viral proteins-nucleocapsid (N) protein and glycoproteins G1 and G2-could not be detected by immunohistochemistry in ribavirin-treated cells. To test the hypothesis that these effects were caused by incorporation of ribavirin into nascent RNA and a resultant "error catastrophe" was occurring, we cloned and sequenced the S-segment cRNA/mRNA from ribavirin-treated or untreated cells from day 3. We found a high mutation frequency (9.5/1,000 nucleotides) in viral RNA synthesized in the presence of ribavirin. Hence, the transcripts produced in the presence of the drug were not functional. These results suggest that ribavirin's mechanism of action lies in challenging the fidelity of the hantavirus polymerase, which causes error catastrophe. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Coulston Fdn, Alamogordo, NM 88310 USA. RP Jonsson, CB (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 25 TC 127 Z9 131 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 77 IS 1 BP 481 EP 488 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.1.481-488.2003 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 626CU UT WOS:000179855400049 PM 12477853 ER PT J AU Takada, A Feldmann, H Stroeher, U Bray, M Watanabe, S Ito, H McGregor, M Kawaoka, Y AF Takada, A Feldmann, H Stroeher, U Bray, M Watanabe, S Ito, H McGregor, M Kawaoka, Y TI Identification of protective epitopes on Ebola virus glycoprotein at the single amino acid level by using recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRION GLYCOPROTEINS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; ANTIBODIES; REPLICATION AB Ebola virus causes lethal hemorrhagic fever in humans, but currently there are no effective vaccines or antiviral compounds for this infectious disease. Passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) protects mice from lethal Ebola virus infection (J. A. Wilson, M. Hevey, R. Bakken, S. Guest, M. Bray, A. L. Schmaljohn, and M. K. Hart, Science 287:1664-1666, 2000). However, the epitopes responsible for neutralization have been only partially characterized because some of the MAbs do not recognize the short synthetic peptides used for epitope mapping. To identify the amino acids recognized by neutralizing and protective antibodies, we generated a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) containing the Ebola virus glycoprotein-encoding gene instead of the VSV G protein-encoding gene and used it to select escape variants by growing it in the presence of a MAb (133/3.16 or 226/8.1) that neutralizes the infectivity of the virus. All three variants selected by MAb 133/3.16 contained a single amino acid substitution at amino acid position 549 in the GP2 subunit. By contrast, MAb 226/8.1 selected three different variants containing substitutions at positions 134, 194, and 199 in the GP1 subunit, suggesting that this antibody recognized a conformational epitope. Passive transfer of each of these MAbs completely protected mice from a lethal Ebola virus infection. These data indicate that neutralizing antibody cocktails for passive prophylaxis and therapy of Ebola hemorrhagic fever can reduce the possibility of the emergence of antigenic variants in infected individuals. C1 Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Div Virol,Minato Ku, Tokyo 1088639, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol & Pathol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Marburg, Inst Virol, D-3550 Marburg, Germany. Canadian Sci Ctr Human & Anim Hlth, Natl Microbiol Lab, Special Pathogens Program, Winnipeg, MB R3E 2R2, Canada. Tottori Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Vet Publ Hlth, Tottori 6808553, Japan. RP Kawaoka, Y (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Div Virol,Minato Ku, Shirokanedai, Tokyo 1088639, Japan. RI Takada, Ayato/A-6679-2012 NR 22 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 77 IS 2 BP 1069 EP 1074 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.2.1069-1074.2003 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 631KH UT WOS:000180166600026 PM 12502822 ER PT J AU Wang, P Ebersole, BA Smith, ER AF Wang, P Ebersole, BA Smith, ER TI Beach-profile evolution under spilling and plunging breakers SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE profiles; sediment transport; coastal morphology; breaking waves ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; WAVES AB Beach-profile evolution, along with measurements of waves, currents, and sediment concentration, under spilling and plunging breakers of similar height were studied in the three-dimensional Large-Scale Sediment Transport Facility at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center. Unidirectional irregular waves were generated over a fine-sand beach. Beach-profile shape reached equilibrium after 1,330 and 280 min of spilling and plunging wave actions, respectively. Near the main breaker line, the profile evolved differently under plunging and spilling breakers. Across most of the midsurf zone dominated by surf bores, the equilibrium profile shapes were similar. Uniform energy dissipation per unit volume at equilibrium, as assumed in the Dean 1977 model and often used in cross-shore sediment-transport modeling, was measured for both cases across most of the surf zone except at the main breaker line, where a much greater rate of dissipation occurred. The bar/trough formation and maintenance were closely related to the local patterns of sediment suspension and bed scour at the plunging point. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 129 IS 1 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2003)129:1(41) PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 627ZY UT WOS:000179968100006 ER PT J AU Kwon, SC Dutta, PK Kim, YH Lopez-Anido, R AF Kwon, SC Dutta, PK Kim, YH Lopez-Anido, R TI Comparison of the fatigue behaviors of FRP bridge decks and reinforced concrete conventional decks under extreme environmental conditions SO KSME INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE composites bridge deck; fatigue; quasi-static test; pultrusion; vacuum assistant resin transfer molding (VARTM); impact loading cycle; contact molding; hand lay-up; extreme environment; cold regions AB This paper summarizes the results of the fatigue test of four composite bridge decks in extreme temperatures (-30degreesC and 50degreesC). The work was performed as part of a research program to evaluate and install multiple FRP bridge deck systems in Dayton, Ohio. A two-span continuous concrete deck was also built on three steel girders for the benchmark tests. Simulated wheel loads were applied simultaneously at two points by two servo-controlled hydraulic actuators specially designed and fabricated to perform under extreme temperatures. Each deck was initially subjected to one million wheel load cycles at low temperature and another one million cycles at high temperature. The results presented in this paper correspond to the fatigue response of each deck for four million load cycles at low temperature and another four million cycles at high temperature. Thus, the deck was subjected to a total of ten million cycles. Quasi-static load-deflection and load-strain responses were determined at predetermined fatigue cycle levels. Except for the progressive reduction in stiffness, no significant distress was observed in any of the composite deck prototypes during ten million load cycles. The effects of extreme temperatures and accumulated load cycles on the load-deflection and load-strain response of FRP composite and FRP-concrete hybrid bridge. decks are discussed based on the experimental results. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Erdc, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Korea Maritime Natl Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pusan 606791, South Korea. Univ Maine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Adv Engineered Wood Composites Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Kwon, SC (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Erdc, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU KOREAN SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI SEOUL PA KSTC NEW BLD. 7TH FLOOR, 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-4865 J9 KSME INT J JI KSME Int. J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 633JC UT WOS:000180278400001 ER PT J AU Kaplan, KJ Bolger, AY Boast, DL AF Kaplan, KJ Bolger, AY Boast, DL TI Use of robotic telepathology for liquid based cytology SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 22-28, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 83 IS 1 MA 313 BP 71A EP 71A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 641EU UT WOS:000180732500328 ER PT J AU Kaplan, KJ Sconce, KJ Craft, DW AF Kaplan, KJ Sconce, KJ Craft, DW TI Reflex HPV testing in a military medical population SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 22-28, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 83 IS 1 MA 314 BP 71A EP 72A PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 641EU UT WOS:000180732500329 ER PT J AU Furusato, B Sesterhenn, IA Davis, CJ McLeod, DG Moul, JW Mostofi, FK AF Furusato, B Sesterhenn, IA Davis, CJ McLeod, DG Moul, JW Mostofi, FK TI Correlation of tumor dimensions with pathological stage and grade in prostatic carcinoma SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 22-28, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 83 IS 1 MA 685 BP 151A EP 151A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 641EU UT WOS:000180732500698 ER PT J AU Acs, G Zhang, P Mohyeldin, A Liu, S Lu, H McBroom, J Verma, A AF Acs, G Zhang, P Mohyeldin, A Liu, S Lu, H McBroom, J Verma, A TI Erythropoietin signaling in cervical carcinoma: A pathway of hypoxia-mediated treatment resistance SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 22-28, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 83 IS 1 MA 810 BP 178A EP 178A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 641EU UT WOS:000180732500823 ER PT J AU Fillman, EP Burton, MP Ehsan, A Neuhauser, TS AF Fillman, EP Burton, MP Ehsan, A Neuhauser, TS TI Comparison of immunohistochemical staining of splenic marginal zone hyperplasia and splenic marginal zone lymphoma SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 22-28, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 83 IS 1 MA 1060 BP 232A EP 232A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 641EU UT WOS:000180732501073 ER PT S AU Tanenbaum, PJ de la Mora, C Wojciechowski, P Kosheleva, O Kreinovich, V Starks, SA Kuzminykh, AV AF Tanenbaum, PJ de la Mora, C Wojciechowski, P Kosheleva, O Kreinovich, V Starks, SA Kuzminykh, AV BE Lirkov, I Margenov, S Wasniewski, J Yalamov, P TI Robust methodology for characterizing system response to damage: Approach based on partial order SO LARGE-SALE SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Large-Sale Scientific Computing (LSSC 2003) CY JUN 04-08, 2003 CL Sozopol, BULGARIA SP Bulgarian Acad Sci, Cent Lab Paralle Processing, European Commiss, SIAM, European Commiss, GAMM AB To describe the response of engineering complex systems to various damage mechanics, engineers have traditionally use number-valued utilities to describe the results of different possible outcomes, and (number-valued) probabilities (often, subjective probabilities) to describe the relative frequency of different outcomes. This description is based on the assumption that experts can always make a definite preference between two possible outcomes, i.e., that the set of all outcomes is linearly (totally) ordered. In practice, experts often cannot make a choice, their preference is only a partial order. In this paper, we describe a new approach based on partial order. C1 USA, Res Lab, Attn AMSRL SL BE, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Texas, NASA, PACES, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Math, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Tanenbaum, PJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Attn AMSRL SL BE, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM pjt@ar1.army.mil; vladik@cs.utep.edu; akuzmin@math.purdue.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-21090-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2907 BP 276 EP 283 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY71W UT WOS:000189446500031 ER PT S AU Al-Chaar, G Lamb, GE Issa, MA AF Al-Chaar, G Lamb, GE Issa, MA BE Issa, MA Mo, YL TI Effect of openings on structural performance of unreinforced masonry infilled frames SO LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURAL TESTING SE AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Large-Scale Structural Testing held at the ACI Spring Convention CY MAR-APR -, 2003 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Amer Concrete Inst DE cyclic loading; multibay; multistory; openings; reinforced concrete; seismic; stiffness; strength; unreinforced masonry AB Door or window openings in masonry infill panels can reduce the lateral strength and stiffness on infill-frame systems. In an effort to study these effects, a series of tests were conducted on half-scale test structures consisting each of three stories and three bays. Infill panels of the control structure were solid with no openings while panels of the second structure were perforated with window and door openings of varying size and location. The test structures were designed to replicate typical building practice of the early 1950's with little or no seismic detailing of frame reinforcement. The test structures were subjected to cyclic in-plane lateral forces to study their strength and deformation capacity under seismic excitation. The cyclic loading was chosen to apply displacement demands on the structures, representative of those that are expected to occur during strong earthquake motions. Test results discussed in this paper are presented in terms of observed changes in strength, stiffness and deformation capacity of both test structures. Damage patterns and propagation of cracks in the concrete frame and masonry infill during loading are illustrated and discussed in terms of measured histories of force and deflection. Experimental results supported by analytical studies are used to estimate overall reductions in strength, deformation capacity and stiffness due to the presence of openings in the panels. C1 USA, Engn Res Dev Ctr Construct Engn, Res Labs, Champaign, IL USA. RP Al-Chaar, G (reprint author), USA, Engn Res Dev Ctr Construct Engn, Res Labs, Champaign, IL USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE PI FARMINGTON HILLS PA 38800 COUNTRY CLUB DRIVE, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48331 USA SN 0065-7891 BN 0-87031-108-5 J9 AMER CONC I PY 2003 VL 211 BP 247 EP 261 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BY52C UT WOS:000189399000012 ER PT S AU Schuschereba, ST Clarkson, DR Valo, LM Brown, J Stuck, BE AF Schuschereba, ST Clarkson, DR Valo, LM Brown, J Stuck, BE BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Significance of retinal laser lesion location and subretinal hemorrhage in bridging choroidal neovascular complexes SO LASER AND NONCOHERENT LIGHT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Light Ocular Effects: Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment III CY JAN 26-27, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE laser retinal injury; therapy; macula; choroidal neovascularization; hemorrhage; scarring; retinal hole ID EPITHELIUM-DERIVED FACTOR; INJURY; ANGIOGENESIS; THERAPY; DAMAGE AB Purpose: To determine funduscopic criteria that will help predict when bridging choroidal neovascular (CNV) complexes will develop after laser retinal trauma and to define early preventive treatment targets. Methods: Ten rhesus monkeys were used and retinal lesions were produced by Nd:YAG exposures (20ns, 1-2mJ, 1064nm, min. spot size) simulating human accidental laser trauma to the central fundus. Funduscopy, fluorescein/ICG angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were conducted at day 1, 4, and 14, and at 2 and 4 months, after which animals were terminated for histologic evaluation. Predisposition for bridging fibrovascular complexes-was evaluated for single hemorrhagic lesions, two small lesions showing coalescing hemorrhages, and multiple lesions involved with large field subretinal and vitreous hemorrhages. Results: All single lesions with confined subretinal hemorrhages showed elevated CNVs. All lesion sets that showed. small coalescing subretinal hemorrhages formed bridging CNV scars. No bridging CNVs occurred in lesion sets involving a vitreous hemorrhage adjacent to a confined but small subretinal hemorrhage. Complex CNV formation occurred in large field subretinal hemorrhages involving multiple laser lesions. Extensive secondary photoreceptor losses occurred in large and confined hemorrhage and CNV zones. Conclusions: Trauma presenting with evidence of coalescing and confined subretinal hemorrhages between two adjacent lesions has a high chance of forming choroidal neovascular bridge complexes between. the involved lesions. Release-of subretinal blood through a vitreous hemorrhage reduced the chances of cross-bridging CNV formation, except for large- field subretinal hemorrhages. CNV formation may be related to the long residence time, break down products, and clearance processes of extravasated blood. Retinal detachment complications produced by the hemorrhage may further contribute to CNVs. Removal of trapped blood and curtailing angiogenesis and cellular proliferation may be helpful treatment strategies. C1 USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Med Res & Mat Command, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Schuschereba, ST (reprint author), USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Med Res & Mat Command, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4753-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4953 BP 7 EP 16 DI 10.1117/12.485728 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Optics; Physics GA BX08T UT WOS:000184240700002 ER PT S AU Brown, J Allen, RD Zwick, H Schuschereba, ST Lund, DJ Stuck, BE AF Brown, J Allen, RD Zwick, H Schuschereba, ST Lund, DJ Stuck, BE BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Laser-induced macular holes demonstrate impaired choroidal perfusion SO LASER AND NONCOHERENT LIGHT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Light Ocular Effects: Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment III CY JAN 26-27, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE choriocapillaris; fluorescein; indocyanine green; laser injury; macular hole; Q-switch Nd : YAG laser ID INDOCYANINE GREEN ANGIOGRAPHY; HYPERTENSIVE CHOROIDOPATHY; RETINA; INJURY; RECOVERY; EXPOSURE; BURN AB Choroidal perfusion was evaluated following the creation of a laser induce macular hole in a nonhuman prim ate model. Two Rhesus monkeys underwent macular exposures delivered by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The lesions were evaluated with fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green (ICG) angiography. Each lesion produced vitreous hemorrhage and progressed to a full thickness macular hole: IC-G angiography revealed no perfusion of the choriocapillaris beneath the lesion centers. Histopathologic evaluation showed replacement of the choriocapillaris with fibroblasts and connective tissue. Nd:YAG, laser-induced macular holes result in long term impairment of choroidal perfusion at the base of the hole due to choroidal scarring and obliteration of the choriocapillaris. C1 USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Brown, J (reprint author), USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 7965 Dave Erwin Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4753-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4953 BP 17 EP 26 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Optics; Physics GA BX08T UT WOS:000184240700003 ER PT S AU Zwick, H Lund, BJ Brown, J Stuck, BE Loveday, J AF Zwick, H Lund, BJ Brown, J Stuck, BE Loveday, J BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Human color vision deficits induced by accidental laser exposure and potential for long-term recovery SO LASER AND NONCOHERENT LIGHT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Light Ocular Effects: Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment III CY JAN 26-27, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE laser; fovea; injury; color discrimination; visual acuity; case histories ID MUNSELL 100-HUE TEST; VISUAL FUNCTION; AXIS AB Purpose: To evaluate long term deficits in human color discrimination induced by accidental laser macular damage and assess potential for recovery of color vision deficits. Methods: Nine laser accident cases (Q-switched Neodymium) presenting initially with confined or vitreous macular hemorrhage were evaluated with the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue test within 2 days to 3 months post exposure. Both total as well as partial errors in the blue/yellow (B/Y) and red/green (R/G) regions were assessed. Independent assessment of axis orientation and complexity were obtained via a Fourier series expansion of error scores. Comparisons of both total and partial.B/Y and R/G errors were made with age matched normal subjects, idiopathic and juvenile onset macular holes. Confocal.Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography characterized the presence of retinal traction, intraretinal scar, macular thickness and macular hole formation. Results: Comparison of exposed and non-exposed age matched individuals was significant (P < .001) for both total and partial errors. In four cases where macular injury ranged from mild scar to macular hole, color discrimination errors achieved normal levels in I to 12 months post exposure. A mild tritan axis, dominant B/Y ("blue/yellow") errors, and retinal traction were observed in a macular hole case. At 12 months post exposure, traction about the hole disappeared, and total and partial errors were normal. Where damage involved a greater degree of scarring, retinal traction and multiple injury sites, long-term recovery of total and partial error recovery was retarded with complex axis makeup. Single exposures in the paramacula produced tritan axes, while multiple exposures within and external to the macula increased total and partial RIG ("red/green") error scores. Total errors increased when paramacular hole enlargement induced macular traction. Such hole formation produced significant increases in total errors, complex axis formation and increased amplitude in higher Fourier error expansion components. Conclusion: Color discrimination losses reflect the distribution of different cone systems in and about the macula and their selective loss. When secondary damage is minimal, color discrimination deficits recover within 12 months post exposure. When macular scarring and retinal traction are severe, recovery is significantly retarded. Laser induced macular holes may affect color discrimination less when retinal scar and traction are small but may become equivalent with that of idiopathic and juvenile species when scar and traction ate severe. C1 USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Med Res & Mat Command, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Zwick, H (reprint author), USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Med Res & Mat Command, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4753-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4953 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1117/12.488645 PG 12 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Optics; Physics GA BX08T UT WOS:000184240700004 ER PT S AU Lund, DJ Edsall, P Stuck, BE AF Lund, DJ Edsall, P Stuck, BE BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Ocular hazards of Q-switched near-infrared lasers. SO LASER AND NONCOHERENT LIGHT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Light Ocular Effects: Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment III CY JAN 26-27, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE laser bioeffects; retinal damage; retinal hemorrhage; ocular thresholds; thermal model; action spectrum AB The threshold for laser-induced retinal damage in the rhesus eye was determined for wavelengths between 800 nm and 1200 nm. The laser source was a tunable Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO) pumped by the 3(rd) harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser. The laser pulse duration was 3.5 ns. The wavelength dependence of the injury threshold is consistent with the prediction of a model based on the transmission of the preretinal ocular media, absorption in the retinal pigment epithelium; and variation of irradiance diameter resulting from chromatic aberration of the eye optics for wavelengths shorter than 1150 nm but was less consistent for longer wavelengths. The threshold for 24-hour observation was slightly lower than the threshold for 1-hour observation. These data form a basis for reexamination of the currently defined MPEs for wavelengths longer than 1200 nm. C1 USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Lund, DJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 7965 Dave Erwin Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4753-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4953 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.1117/12.488646 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Optics; Physics GA BX08T UT WOS:000184240700010 ER PT S AU Sliney, DH AF Sliney, DH BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Sunglasses: their effectiveness SO LASER AND NONCOHERENT LIGHT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Light Ocular Effects: Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment III CY JAN 26-27, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE sunglasses; ultraviolet; light hazards; photokeratitis; cataract ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; SENILE CATARACT; OCULAR EXPOSURE; ACTION SPECTRUM; EYE PROTECTION; UV-RADIATION; LIGHT; DAMAGE; CORNEA; ENDOTHELIUM AB Sunglasses are widely sold for visual comfort in bright sunlight and for cosmetic purposes. Few people select sunglasses with any thought of protection of their eyes and vision. Nevertheless, standards organizations attenpt to provide certain optical requirements to minimize risk from excessive UV exposure. Many sunglass manufacturers claim certain benefits of UV protection. However, these standards focus on the spectral properties of the filter lenses and generally ignore the frame. Recent research has shown that the design of the sunglass frame plays an important role in solar protection of the eyes. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sliney, DH (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4753-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4953 BP 164 EP 176 DI 10.1117/12.477907 PG 13 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Optics; Physics GA BX08T UT WOS:000184240700020 ER PT S AU DiCarlo, CD Zwick, H Rentmeister-Bryant, H Sankovich, JM Brown, A Grado, A Dicks, RJ Akers, A Stuck, BE AF DiCarlo, CD Zwick, H Rentmeister-Bryant, H Sankovich, JM Brown, A Grado, A Dicks, RJ Akers, A Stuck, BE BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Multifocal Electroretinography: A functional laser injury metric SO LASER AND NONCOHERENT LIGHT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Light Ocular Effects: Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment III CY JAN 26-27, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE multifocal electroretinogram; Rhesus; monkey; retinal laser injury; visual function ID MACULAR INJURY; DEGENERATION; COMPONENTS; LUMINANCE; RHESUS AB Currently there are no universally accepted functional diagnostics and treatments for laser eye injury. The multifocal electroretinogram (MERG) determines the function of several areas of the retina simultaneously. The objective of this research is to determine if the MERG is sensitive enough to provide a,functional assessment of retinal laser lesions that correlates to established contrast sensitivity/visual acuity tests currently in use. The Visual-Evoked Response Imaging System (VERIS) Clinic(TM), a MERG system with continuous visualization of the fundus, was used to record from normal rhesus monkeys. The MERG mapping of the rhesus monkeys was localized to the macula and centered on the foveal region. The recordings yielded three waveforms for each of the 103-recorded responses. A difference was seen in all of the waveform mean amplitudes with the human normal values being one and one-half times as large for the first, twice as large for the second and four times as large for the third waveform. This may: be due to a much lower number of subjects for recording (5 Rhesus versus 48 human recordings) or the monkey retina may, in fact, produce lower amplitude retinal responses. This on-going project is expanding research to include the functional assessment of laser retinal injury through the use of the MERG with the intent of correlating the function to currently used behavioral metrics of the visual system. C1 USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP DiCarlo, CD (reprint author), USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 7965 Dave Erwin Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4753-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4953 BP 203 EP 209 DI 10.1117/12.488647 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Optics; Physics GA BX08T UT WOS:000184240700023 ER PT S AU Stamper, DA Lund, DJ Molchany, JW Stuck, BE AF Stamper, DA Lund, DJ Molchany, JW Stuck, BE BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Effects of bilateral and unilateral laser ocular exposure in humans SO LASER AND NONCOHERENT LIGHT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Light Ocular Effects: Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment III CY JAN 26-27, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE ID PURSUIT TRACKING PERFORMANCE AB INTRODUCTION: The amount of visual disruption experienced by individuals exposed to a visible laser source at levels, which are below that, which will damage the cornea or retina will depend on laser exposure parameters and task demands. Previous work has evaluated the effects of wavelength, duration, ambient light level, and target variables. One factor that has not received attention is monocular vs. binocular exposure. Whether the exposure is monocular or binocular may alter pupil dynamics, eyelid closure, and ultimately affect visual performance. METHODS: In this study 10 males and females were exposed to 0.1 and 3.0 sec laser flashes while tracking g. a dynamic target at 0.28 deg/sec through a scope that was capable of selecting binocular or monocular viewing. Bright (430 nits) and dawn/dusk (4.3 nits) ambient light conditions were simulated using ND filters. A collimated 514.5 nm argon laser beam produced corneal radiant exposures of 0.16 and 1.0 mJ/cm(2) for the 0.1 and 3.0 sec conditions respectively. For each flash trial total time off target and maximum absolute error scores were calculated. Eye response (changes in pupil diameter) was assessed by evaluation of videotape from an IR eye camera. Tracking error scores (total time off target) were calculated for each flash trial. RESULTS: Analysis of variance results for the total time off target scores found all three main factors (light level, exposure duration, and monocular/binocular to be significant. Earlier studies have previously shown dawn/dusk flash exposures be more disruptive than bright light trials. Also three sec exposures were more disruptive than one sec exposures. Finally, monocular exposures produced significantly higher error scores than did binocular exposures. For the pupil diameters the post-flash diameters were significantly smaller that the pre-flash diameters and monocular diameters larger that binocular pupil sizes. SUMMARY: The Total Time Off Target error scores for the monocular viewing condition were significantly higher than the binocular viewing condition supporting bilateral summation contributions to binocular tracking. Pupil recovery diameters were approximately 84% of baseline for monocular viewing regardless of ambient light level and flash duration. Binocular viewing conditions yielded an average 75% pupil recovery. Continuing analysis of the pupil data precludes us from making a more definitive statement. C1 USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks City Base, TX 78248 USA. RP Stamper, DA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 7965 Dave Erwin Dr, Brooks City Base, TX 78248 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4753-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4953 BP 210 EP 216 DI 10.1117/12.488648 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Optics; Physics GA BX08T UT WOS:000184240700024 ER PT S AU Stann, BL Abou-Auf, A Aliberti, K Dammann, J Giza, M Dang, G Ovrebo, G Redman, B Ruffa, W Simon, D AF Stann, BL Abou-Auf, A Aliberti, K Dammann, J Giza, M Dang, G Ovrebo, G Redman, B Ruffa, W Simon, D BE Kamerman, GW TI Research progress on a focal plane array ladar system using chirped amplitude modulation SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications VIII CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE laser radar; ladar; ladar imaging AB The Army Research Laboratory is researching a focal plane array (FPA) ladar architecture that is applicable for smart munitions, reconnaissance, face recognition, robotic navigation, etc.. Here we report on progress and test results attained over the past year related to the construction of a 3202 pixel FPA ladar laboratory breadboard. The near-term objective of this effort is to evaluate and demonstrate an FPA ladar using chirped amplitude modulation; knowledge gained will then be used to build a field testable version with a larger array format. The ladar architecture achieves ranging based on a frequency modulation/continuous wave technique implemented by directly amplitude modulating a near-IR diode laser transmitter with a radio frequency (rf) subcarrier that is linearly frequency modulated (chirped amplitude modulation). The diode's output is collected and projected to form an illumination field in the downrange image area. The returned signal is focused onto an array of optoelectronic mixing, metal-semiconductor-metal detectors where it is detected and n-fixed with a delayed replica of the laser modulation signal that modulates the responsivity of each detector. The output of each detector is an intermediate frequency (IF) signal resulting from the mixing process whose frequency is proportional to the target range. This IF signal is continuously sampled over a period of the rf modulation. Following this. a signal processor calculates the discrete fast Fourier transform over the IF waveform in each pixel to establish the ranges and amplitudes of all scatterers. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Stann, BL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Dr, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4945-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5086 BP 47 EP 57 DI 10.1117/12.486977 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54N UT WOS:000185646000005 ER PT S AU Ruff, W Aliberti, K Dammann, J Giza, M Shen, P Stann, B AF Ruff, W Aliberti, K Dammann, J Giza, M Shen, P Stann, B BE Kamerman, GW TI Performance of an FM/cw prototype ladar using a 32-element linear self-mixing detector array SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications VIII CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ladar; laser radar; self-mixing detector; optoelectronic mixer AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is investigating a ladar architecture based on FM/cw radar principles, whereby the range information is contained in the low-frequency mixing product derived by mixing a reference ultrahigh frequency (UHF) chirp with an optically detected, time-delayed UHF chirp scattered from a target. ARL is also investigating the use of metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) detectors as unique self-mixing detectors, which have the ability to internally detect and down-convert the modulated signals. ARL has recently incorporated a 1 x 32 pixel linear detector array of such detectors into a prototype FM/cw ladar system and performed a series of characterization and outdoor image collection experiments using this prototype. This paper discusses the basic performance of the prototype system and presents some fundamental measurements as well as ladar imagery taken on the ARL Adelphi campus. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ruff, W (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4945-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5086 BP 58 EP 69 DI 10.1117/12.485873 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54N UT WOS:000185646000006 ER PT S AU Trussell, CW Barr, DN Schilling, BW Templeton, GC Mizerka, LJ Warner, C Hummel, R Hauge, R AF Trussell, CW Barr, DN Schilling, BW Templeton, GC Mizerka, LJ Warner, C Hummel, R Hauge, R BE Kamerman, GW TI Multi-aspect high-resolution ladar data collection SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications VIII CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ladar; three dimensional (3-D) imaging; obscuration; Jigsaw AB The Jigsaw program. sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), will demonstrate a multi-observation concept to identify obscured combat vehicles that cannot be discerned from a single aspect angle. Three-dimensional (3-D) laser radar (ladar) images of a nearly hidden target are collected from several observation points. Image pieces of the target taken from all the data sets are then assembled to obtain a more complete image that will allow identification by a human observer. In this effort a test bed ladar, constructed by the Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD), is used to provide three-dimensional (3-D) images in which the voxels have dimensions of the order of centimeters on each side. Ultimately a UAV born Jigsaw sensor will fly by a suspect location while collecting the multiple images. This paper will describe a simulated flight in which 800 images were taken of two targets obscured by foliage. The vehicle mounted laser radar used for the collection was moved in 0.076 meter steps along a 61 meter path. Survey data were collected for the sensor and target locations as well as for several unobscured fiducial markers near the targets, to aid in image reconstruction. As part of a separate DARPA contractual effort, target returns were extracted from individual images and assembled to form a final 3-D view of the vehicles for human identification. These results are reported separately.(1) The laser radar employs a diode pumped, passively Q-switched, Nd:YAG, micro-chip laser. The transmitted 1.06 micron radiation was produced in six micro-joule pulses that occurred at a rate of 3 kHz and had a duration of 1.2 nanoseconds at the output of the detector electronics. An InGaAs avalanche photodiode/amplifier with a bandwidth of 0.5 GHz was used as the receiver and the signal was digitized at a rate of 2 GS/s. Details of the laser radar and sample imagery will be discussed and presented. C1 USA, CECOM, RDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Trussell, CW (reprint author), USA, CECOM, RDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4945-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5086 BP 104 EP 111 DI 10.1117/12.503204 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54N UT WOS:000185646000010 ER PT S AU Aliberti, K Shen, H Stann, B Mehandru, R Ren, F AF Aliberti, K Shen, H Stann, B Mehandru, R Ren, F BE Kamerman, GW TI Mixing characteristics of InAlAs/InGaAs metal-semiconductor-metal optoelectronic mixers SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications VIII CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID MSM PHOTODETECTOR AB Interdigitated-finger metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors (MSM-PDs) are widely used for high-speed optoelectronic applications. Recently, GaAs MSM-PDs have been utilized as optoelectronic mixers (OEMs) in an incoherent laser radar (LADAR) system. InGaAs MSM-PDs would allow LADAR operation at eye-safe wavelengths, mainly 1.55 mum. Unfortunately, the Schottky barrier height on InGaAs is quite low (similar to0.1-0.2eV) leading to high dark current and, hence, low signal-to-noise ratio. To reduce dark current, the Schottky barrier is typically "enhanced" by employing a high-band-gap lattice-matched Schottky enhancement la er (SEL). Detectors using SELs yield low dark current, high responsivity, and high bandwidths. In this paper we analyze the mixing effect in InAlAs Schottky-enhanced InGaAs-based MSM-PDs. We find that the measured frequency bandwidth of such a mixer is smaller than when used as a photodetector. Moreover, the mixing efficiency depends on the light modulation and mixed signal frequencies and decreases non-linearly with decrease in optical power. This is not observed in GaAs-based and non-Schottky-enhanced InGaAs MSM-PDs. We present a circuit model of the MSM-PD OEM to explain the experimental results. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Aliberti, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4945-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5086 BP 369 EP 376 DI 10.1117/12.512030 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54N UT WOS:000185646000039 ER PT S AU Franck, JB AF Franck, JB BE Thompson, WE Merritt, PH TI Asymmetrical, virtual telecentric laser diode line/array source model for use in micro-laser pumping design and analysis SO LASER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Systems Technology CY APR 21-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID LUMINESCENCE AB Discussed will be the development of a model for both a line laser diode as well as an area array consisting of line laser diode elements. The need for this work comes from the difficult task of using a single strip laser diode with dimensions such as 1 centimeter in the y direction and I micron in the x direction while exhibiting substantially different divergences in each axis as well. The intention is to create a fairly uniform optical pump beam in both the x and the y axis through as much of the gain media as possible. The modeled, virtual diode, is telecentric only in the Y or "slow" axis where the divergence is generally less than the diode's X or "fast" axis. The virtual diode model is used as a source in a lens design software program to predict performance of diodes and their accompanying optics as pump sources for micro-lasers. Corroboration between the model and actual systems have been experimentally verified and will be presented. The single, linear laser diode source is used as the basis for a laser diode array model which is also presented. C1 USA, CECOM, RDEC,AMSEL RD OPS TPP, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Franck, JB (reprint author), USA, CECOM, RDEC,AMSEL RD OPS TPP, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4946-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5087 BP 124 EP 132 DI 10.1117/12.487553 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BX58G UT WOS:000185758100012 ER PT B AU Blasko, DJ AF Blasko, DJ BE Burkitt, L Scobell, A Wortzel, LM TI PLA ground forces lessons learned: Experience and theory SO LESSONS OF HISTORY: THE CHINESE PEOPLE'S LIBERATION ARMY AT 75 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Lessons of History - The Chinese Peoples Liberation Army at 75 CY SEP, 2002 CL US Army War Coll, Carlisle Barracks, Carlisle, PA HO US Army War Coll, Carlisle Barracks C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU STRATEGIC STUDIES INST PI CARLISLE PA UNITES STATES ARMY WAR COLLEGE, 122 FORBES AVE, CARLISLE, PA 17013-5244 USA BN 1-58487-126-1 PY 2003 BP 61 EP 87 PG 27 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BAT94 UT WOS:000223549300003 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI Jarhead: A marine's chronicle of the gulf war and other battles. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 128 IS 1 BP 126 EP 126 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 670QZ UT WOS:000182421400183 ER PT J AU Minyard, CM AF Minyard, CM TI The code of the warrior: The values and ideals of warrior cultures throughout history. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Mt Pleasant, MI USA. RP Minyard, CM (reprint author), USA, Mt Pleasant, MI USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 128 IS 1 BP 132 EP 132 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 670QZ UT WOS:000182421400211 ER PT S AU Rao, M Rothwell, SW Alving, CR AF Rao, Mangala Rothwell, Stephen W. Alving, Carl R. BE Duzgunes, N TI Trafficking of Liposomal Antigens to the Trans-Golgi Complex in Macrophages SO LIPOSOMES, PT C SE Methods in Enzymology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; CLASS-I MOLECULES; SYNTHETIC LIPOPEPTIDE VACCINE; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; MALARIA ANTIGEN; PEPTIDE; INDUCTION; ADJUVANT; ANTIBODY; PROTEIN C1 [Rao, Mangala; Rothwell, Stephen W.; Alving, Carl R.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Rao, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 BN 978-0-08-049712-9 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2003 VL 373 BP 16 EP 33 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BCG15 UT WOS:000310142100003 PM 14714394 ER PT S AU Matyas, GR Muderhwa, JM Alving, CR AF Matyas, Gary R. Muderhwa, Jean M. Alving, Carl R. BE Duzgunes, N TI Oil-in-Water Liposomal Emulsions for Vaccine Delivery SO LIPOSOMES, PT C SE Methods in Enzymology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; INDUCTION; CARRIERS; PROTEIN; CHOLESTEROL; RESPONSES; ANTIGENS; ANTIBODY; ADJUVANT C1 [Matyas, Gary R.; Muderhwa, Jean M.; Alving, Carl R.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Matyas, GR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 BN 978-0-08-049712-9 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2003 VL 373 BP 34 EP 50 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BCG15 UT WOS:000310142100004 PM 14714395 ER PT S AU Szebeni, J Baranyi, L Savay, S Milosevits, J Bodo, M Bunger, R Alving, CR AF Szebeni, Janos Baranyi, Lajos Savay, Sandor Milosevits, Janos Bodo, Michael Bunger, Rolf Alving, Carl R. BE Duzgunes, N TI The Interaction of Liposomes with the Complement System: In Vitro and In Vivo Assays SO LIPOSOMES, PT C SE Methods in Enzymology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID DEPENDENT IMMUNE DAMAGE; ENCAPSULATED HEMOGLOBIN; HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS; MODEL MEMBRANE; ACTIVATION; MECHANISM; INHIBITION; ANTIBODIES; LIPIDS; PEPTIDES C1 [Szebeni, Janos; Baranyi, Lajos; Savay, Sandor; Milosevits, Janos; Bodo, Michael; Bunger, Rolf; Alving, Carl R.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Szebeni, J (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 35 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 BN 978-0-08-049712-9 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2003 VL 373 BP 136 EP 154 PG 19 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BCG15 UT WOS:000310142100011 PM 14714402 ER PT S AU Thacker, C AF Thacker, C BE Johnson, CB Sinha, D Laplante, PA TI Advanced Night Vision Goggles (ANVG) SO LOW-LIGHT-LEVEL AND REAL-TIME IMAGING SYSTEMS, COMPONENTS, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Low-Light-Level and Real-Time Imaging Systems, Components and Applications CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE DE Night Vision Goggles; ANVG; panoramic FOV goggles; image intensifiers AB The Advanced Night Vision Goggle (ANVG) program is developing integrated wide field of view (WFOV) helmet-mounted image intensifier night vision goggle systems. ANVG will provide a FOV of approximately 40degrees (vertical) x 100degrees (horizontal) and an integrated heads-up display for overlay of flight symbology and/or FLIR imagery. The added FUR complements the I-2 imagery in out of the window or ground applications. ANVG will significantly improve safety, situational awareness, and mission capabilities in differing environments. ANVG achieves the ultra wide FOV using four image intensifier tubes in a head-mounted configuration. Additional features include a miniature flat panel display and a lightweight uncooled FLIR. The integrated design will demonstrate the capability of helmet-mounted I-2 and FLIR image fusion. Fusion will be accomplished optically and will offer significant opportunities for ground applications. This paper summarizes the basic technologies, lessons learned, and program status. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Thacker, C (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4563-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4796 BP 136 EP 139 DI 10.1117/12.450864 PG 4 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW38X UT WOS:000181845800015 ER PT S AU Bender, EJ Reese, CF van der Wal, GS AF Bender, EJ Reese, CF van der Wal, GS BE Johnson, CB Sinha, D Laplante, PA TI Comparison of additive image fusion vs. feature-level image fusion techniques for enhanced night driving SO LOW-LIGHT-LEVEL AND REAL-TIME IMAGING SYSTEMS, COMPONENTS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Low-Light-Level and Real-Time Imaging Systems, Components and Applications CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE DE image fusion; image-intensified TV; thermal sensor; helmet-mounted display (HMD); head-tracking; head-tracked vision system (HTVS); and nighttime driving. ID SENSORS AB The Night Vision & Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) has conducted a series of image fusion evaluations under the Head-Tracked Vision System (HTVS) program. The HTVS is a driving system for both wheeled and tracked military vehicles, wherein dual-waveband sensors are directed in a more natural head-slewed imaging mode. The HTVS consists of thermal and image-intensified TV sensors, a high-speed gimbal, a head-mounted display, and a head tracker. A series of NVESD field tests over the past two years has investigated the degree to which additive (A+B) image fusion of these sensors enhances overall driving performance. Additive fusion employs a single (but user adjustable) fractional weighting for all the features of each sensor's image. More recently, NVESD and Sarnoff Corporation have begun a cooperative effort to evaluate and refine Sarnoff's "feature-level" multi-resolution (pyramid) algorithms for image fusion. This approach employs digital processing techniques to select at each image point only the sensor with the strongest features, and to utilize only those features to reconstruct the fused video image. This selection process is performed simultaneously at multiple scales of the image, which are combined to form the reconstructed fused image. All image fusion techniques attempt to combine the "best of both sensors" in a single image. Typically, thermal sensors are better for detecting military threats and targets, while image-intensified sensors provide more natural scene cues and detect cultural lighting. This investigation will address the differences between additive fusion and feature-level image fusion techniques for enhancing the driver's overall situational awareness. C1 USA, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Bender, EJ (reprint author), USA, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4563-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2003 VL 4796 BP 140 EP 151 DI 10.1117/12.450867 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW38X UT WOS:000181845800016 ER PT J AU Nambiar, MP Mitchell, JP Ceruti, RP Malloy, MA Tsokos, GC AF Nambiar, MP Mitchell, JP Ceruti, RP Malloy, MA Tsokos, GC TI Prevalence of T cell receptor zeta chain deficiency in systemic lupus erythematosus SO LUPUS LA English DT Article DE human T lymphocytes; lupus; signal transduction; SLEDAI; TCR zeta chain ID SIB-PAIR FAMILIES; SUSCEPTIBILITY GENES; ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; GENOME SCAN; EXPRESSION; TCR; LINKAGE; LYMPHOCYTES; DEGRADATION; COMPLEXES AB T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) display antigen receptor-mediated signaling aberrations associated with defective T cell receptor (TCR) zeta chain expression. We determined the prevalence of TCR zeta chain deficiency in SLE from a large cohort of unselected racially diverse patients with different levels of clinical disease activity as determined by SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Our data show that the occurrence of TCR zeta chain deficiency is 78% in SLE patients. There was no relationship between the deficiency of TCR zeta chain and the SLEDAI scores or therapy. TCR zeta chain deficiency was also not associated with age, race or gender and persisted over a 3 year follow-up period. Thus, there is a high prevalence of TCR zeta chain deficiency in SLE patients that is independent of disease activity, and persists over time indicating an important role for TCR zeta chain deficiency in SLE pathogenesis. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Rheumatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Bldg 503,Room 1A32,Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI42269] NR 26 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0961-2033 J9 LUPUS JI Lupus PY 2003 VL 12 IS 1 BP 46 EP 51 DI 10.1191/0961203303lu281oa PG 6 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 644DH UT WOS:000180902300009 PM 12587826 ER PT J AU Arbuckle, MR James, JA Dennis, GJ Rubertone, MV McClain, MT Kim, XR Harley, JB AF Arbuckle, MR James, JA Dennis, GJ Rubertone, MV McClain, MT Kim, XR Harley, JB TI Rapid clinical progression to diagnosis among African-American men with systemic lupus erythematosus SO LUPUS LA English DT Article DE African-American; autoantibodies; ethnicity; gender; lupus; SLE ID 3 ETHNIC-GROUPS; DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS; GENDER DIFFERENCES; REVISED CRITERIA; GENOME SCAN; DISEASE; FEATURES; AUTOANTIBODIES; MANIFESTATIONS; CLASSIFICATION AB The initial clinical course of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is variable, ranging from relatively minor manifestations progressing over years to rapid onset of fulminate disease. We sought to identify factors associated with the rapid manifestation of SLE. Chart review of military medical records was used to identify 130 patients who met the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for SLE. Demographics, clinical criteria date of occurrence, and the date of SLE classification (at least four clinical criteria) met were documented. Prospectively stored serum samples prior to the diagnosis were evaluated for SLE autoantibodies. Median time from the first recorded criteria to diagnosis was significantly shorter in African-American (AA) males compared with AA females and European American (EA) females and males combined. AA males were more likely to have nephritis as their first clinical symptom. Also, less time transpired between the first clinical criterion and SLE diagnosis in AA males with nephritis than in other groups presenting with nephritis. Even when cases presenting with nephritis were excluded, a diagnosis of SLE was made more rapidly in AA males. African-American men progress from initial clinical manifestations to SLE diagnosis more rapidly than other ethnic or gender groups. C1 Oklahoma Med Res Fdn, Arthrit & Immunol Program, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Army Med Surveillance Act, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Oklahoma Med Res Fdn, Genet Epidemiol Unit, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. US Dept Vet Affairs, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP James, JA (reprint author), Oklahoma Med Res Fdn, Arthrit & Immunol Program, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI24717, AI31584]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR01981, AR42460, AR45084, AR45231] NR 29 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0961-2033 J9 LUPUS JI Lupus PY 2003 VL 12 IS 2 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1191/0961203303lu334oa PG 8 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 651EU UT WOS:000181308200004 PM 12630753 ER PT J AU Kennedy, ML Mech, SG Tran, B Grubaugh, JW Lance, RF AF Kennedy, ML Mech, SG Tran, B Grubaugh, JW Lance, RF TI An assessment of geographic variation in sexual size dimorphism in the coyote (Canis latrans) SO MAMMALIA LA English DT Article DE geographic variation; sexual dimorphism; body size; Canis latrans; coyote ID BODY-SIZE AB Geographic variation in sexual size dimorphism was assessed for the coyote (Canis latrans) across nine localities in the central and eastern United States. Twenty skull measurements from 587 (308 male; 279 female) adult specimens were used in the assessment. Males were found to be larger than females for all characters except least zygomatic process - jugal height in Texas and skull height at palatine in Michigan. Mean values for the degree of sexual dimorphism across localities ranged from 1.0 to 8.0%. Most mean values ranged from 4.0 to 6.0%. There was no significant interaction between sex and locality. Therefore, there was no difference in the degree of sexual dimorphism across localities. Measurements for males were significantly correlated with those of females across sites for each character. Distance matrices representing the morphometric distance among sites for each sex were highly correlated ((r) under bar = 0.990). Female coyotes appeared to be scaled-down models of males. Results were interpreted to support the bioenergetic hypothesis as an explanation for sexual size dimorphism in C. latrans but also were discussed in light of the resource partitioning and sexual selection hypotheses. C1 Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RFA Serv Inc, Waterways Expt Stn, Army Corps Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kennedy, ML (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Ellington Hall Room 103, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM mlkenndy@memphis.edu; mlkenndy@memphis.edu; mlkenndy@memphis.edu NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU MUSEUM NAT HIST NATURELLE PI PARIS PA SERVICE PUBLICATIONS SCIENTIFIQUES, 57 RUE CUVIER, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0025-1461 J9 MAMMALIA JI Mammalia PY 2003 VL 67 IS 3 BP 411 EP 417 DI 10.1515/mamm.2003.67.3.411 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 761UR UT WOS:000187934300009 ER PT J AU Wilber, DH Clarke, DG Ray, GL Burlas, M AF Wilber, DH Clarke, DG Ray, GL Burlas, M TI Response of surf zone fish to beach nourishment operations on the northern coast of New Jersey, USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE beach seine; dredging; filling; bluefish; kingfish; silversides; power analysis; turbidity; fish food habits ID STATISTICAL POWER ANALYSIS; SOUTH-AFRICA; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; JUVENILE FISH; NURSERY AREAS; KINGS BEACH; COMMUNITIES; HABITAT; VARIABILITY; ASSEMBLAGE AB Surf zone fishes were captured by beach seine over the late summer and early fall of 5 yr (1995 to 1999), spanning pre-, during, and post-nourishment time periods along a 15 km expanse of the New Jersey shoreline. During the baseline years of sampling, silversides (primarily Menidia menidia) numerically dominated the surf-zone fish community. In 1997, coincident with beach nourishment operations, bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix became numerically dominant, increasing in abundance 10-fold. Bluefish were not captured near active beach nourishment sites and were significantly more abundant at reference stations than in the beach nourishment (treatment) area for 2 of 6 sampling dates in 1997. In contrast, northern kingfish Menticirrhus saxatilis were more abundant at treatment stations in 1997, and on one occasion congregated at the stations undergoing active sand replenishment. The feeding habits of Atlantic silversides and northern kingfish were consistent throughout the study period. In 1997, prey biomass was greater in fish caught at treatment stations when significant differences occurred. Prey consisted primarily of benthic invertebrates such as polychaetes and mole crabs, Amphipods and insects, which probably originated from groins and terrestrial sources respectively, were also common prey items and were present in plankton samples. Retrospective power analysis indicates that an approximate 3-fold difference in mean fish abundance was the minimum detectable effect size between reference and treatment areas. Beach nourishment impacts on the surf zone fish monitored in this study were restricted to localized attraction (northern kingfish) and avoidance (bluefish) responses to the beach nourishment operation. C1 Dyn Corps, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Wetlands & Coastal Ecol Branch, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA Engineer Dist, New York, NY 10278 USA. RP Wilber, DH (reprint author), Dyn Corps, 664 Old Plantat Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM wilberdh@aol.com NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 250 BP 231 EP 246 DI 10.3354/meps250231 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 678EG UT WOS:000182851600021 ER PT J AU Nesbitt, JA Zhu, DM Miller, RA Barrett, CA AF Nesbitt, JA Zhu, DM Miller, RA Barrett, CA TI Failure morphologies of cyclically oxidized ZrO2-based thermal barrier coatings SO MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on the Microscopy of Oxidation CY AUG 26-29, 2002 CL UNIV LIMERICK, LIMERICK, IRELAND HO UNIV LIMERICK DE thermal barrier coatings; ZrO2-Y2O3 top coats AB Advanced and baseline thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were thermal cycle tested in air at 1163degreesC until delamination or spallation of the ceramic top coat. The top coat of the advanced TBC's consisted of ZrO2 with various amounts of Y2O3, Yb2O3, Gd2O3, or Nd2O3 dopants. The composition of the top coat of the baseline TBC was ZrO2-8wt.%Y2O3. All top coats were deposited by air plasma spraying. A NiCrAlY or NiCoCrAlY bond coat was deposited by low pressure plasma spraying onto a single-crystal, Ni-base superalloy. The TBC lifetime for the baseline coatings was approximately 190 cycles (45 minutes at 1163degreesC per cycle) while the lifetime for the advanced coatings was as high as 425 cycles. The fracture surfaces and sample cross sections were examined after TBC failure by SEM and optical microscopy, and the top coats were further examined by X-ray diffraction. These post-test studies revealed that the fracture path largely followed splat boundaries with some trans-splat fracture. However, there were no obvious distinguishing features which explained the difference in TBC lifetimes between some of the advanced and baseline coatings. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. USA, Res Lab, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Nesbitt, JA (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 0960-3409 J9 MATER HIGH TEMP JI Mater. High Temp. PY 2003 VL 20 IS 4 BP 507 EP 517 DI 10.3184/096034003782750277 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 755LA UT WOS:000187403300008 ER PT J AU Castellani, JW Stulz, DA Degroot, DW Blanchard, LA Cadarette, BS Nindl, BC Montain, SJ AF Castellani, JW Stulz, DA Degroot, DW Blanchard, LA Cadarette, BS Nindl, BC Montain, SJ TI Eighty-four hours of sustained operations alter thermoregulation during cold exposure SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE fatigue; negative energy balance; norepinephrine; shivering; sleep deprivation ID SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; WATER IMMERSIONS; HEAT DEBT; RESPONSES; EXERCISE; WOMEN; AIR AB Purpose: This study examined the effects of short-term (3.5 d) sustained military operations (SUSOPS) on thermoregulatory responses to cold stress. Methods: Ten men (22.8 +/- 1.4 yr) were assessed during a cold-air test (CAT) after a control week (control) and again after an 84-h SUSOPS (sleep = 2 h(.)d(-1), energy intake = similar to1650 kcal(.)d(-1), and energy expenditure = similar to4500 kcal(.)d(-1)). CAT consisted of a resting subject (seminude) being exposed to an ambient temperature ramp from 25degreesC to 10degreesC during the initial 30 min of CAT, with the ambient temperature then remaining at 10degreesC for an additional 150 min. Results: SUSOPS decreased (P < 0.05) body weight, % body fat, and fat-free mass by 3.9 kg, 1.6%, and 1.8 kg, respectively. During CAT, rectal temperature decreased to a greater extent (P < 0.05) after SUSOPS (0.52 +/- 0.09degreesC) versus control (0.45 +/- 0.12degreesC). Metabolic heat production was lower (P < 0.05) after SUSOPS at min 30 (55.4 +/- 3.3 W(.)m(-2)) versus control (66.9 +/- 4.4 W(.)m(-2)). Examination of the mean body temperature-metabolic heat production relationship indicated that the threshold for shivering was lower (P < 0.05) after SUSOPS (34.8 +/- 0.2degreesC) versus control (35.8 +/- 0.2degreesC). Mean weighted skin temperatures (degreesC) were lower during the initial 1.5 h of CAT in SUSOPS versus control. Heat debt was similar between trials. Conclusion: These results indicate that sustained (84-h) military operations leads to greater declines in core temperature, due to either a lag in the initial shivering response or heat redistribution secondary to an insulative acclimation. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Castellani, JW (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal Mt Med Div, 42 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RI DeGroot, David/E-2322-2015 NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 13 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 35 IS 1 BP 175 EP 181 DI 10.1249/01.MSS.0000043480.91008.A9 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 636AR UT WOS:000180432800026 PM 12544652 ER PT S AU Magee, JH AF Magee, JH BE Westwood, JD Hoffman, HM Mogel, GT Phillips, R Robb, RA Stredney, D TI Validation of medical modeling & simulation training devices and systems SO MEDICINE MEETS VIRTUAL REALITY 11: NEXTMED: HEALTH HORIZON SE STUDIES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Medicine Meets Virtual Reality Conference CY JAN 22-25, 2003 CL Newport Beach, CA SP Univ Calif, Irvine Coll Med, Aligned Management Associates Inc, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, USA Med Res & Mat Command AB For almost a decade, research has been conducted in many areas of science to develop medical simulation training devices and even comprehensive training systems. To propel the field, the Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center (TATRC), an agency of the United States Army Medical Research Materiel Command (USAMRMC), has been managing a portfolio of research projects in the area of Medical Modeling and Simulation (MM&S) since 1999. Significant progress has made to identify and harness enabling technologies. Generally, these developments can be categorized in four areas: (1) PC-based interactive multimedia, (2) Digitally Enhanced Mannequins, (3) Virtual Workbench, or "part-task", simulators, and (4) Total Immersion Virtual Reality (TIVR). Many medical simulation-training systems have shown great potential to improve medical training, but the potential shown has been based largely on anecdotal feedback from informal user studies. Formal assessment is needed to determine the degree to which simulator(s) train medical skills and the degree to which skills learned on a simulator transfer to the practice of care. A robust methodology is required as a basis for these assessments. Several scientific workshops sponsored in 2001 focused On algorithm and metrics development in support of surgical simulation. Also in 2001, TATRC chartered a Simulation Working Group (SWG) to develop a robust methodology upon which to base an assessment of the effectiveness of simulation training devices and systems. After the terrorist attacks of September 11, 200 1, attention was redirected for a period, and progress was delayed. In the summer of 2002, TATRC chartered a follow-on group called the Validation, Metrics and Simulation (VMAS) Committee. The poster will highlight and summarize the development of the methodology and identify validation studies to be conducted (supported by various funding sources and research programs). The interaction between TATRC and the National Capital Area Medical Simulation Center (NCAMSC) will be noted. C1 USA, Med Res & Materiel Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Clin Applicat Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Magee, JH (reprint author), USA, Med Res & Materiel Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Clin Applicat Div, MCMR-AT,504 Scott St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9630 BN 1-58603-320-4 J9 ST HEAL T PY 2003 VL 94 BP 196 EP 198 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Computer Science; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BY87U UT WOS:000189484800040 PM 15455892 ER PT S AU Moses, GR Farr, JO AF Moses, GR Farr, JO BE Westwood, JD Hoffman, HM Mogel, GT Phillips, R Robb, RA Stredney, D TI The operating room of the future: White paper summation SO MEDICINE MEETS VIRTUAL REALITY 11: NEXTMED: HEALTH HORIZON SE STUDIES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Medicine Meets Virtual Reality Conference CY JAN 22-25, 2003 CL Newport Beach, CA SP Univ Calif, Irvine Coll Med, Aligned Management Associates Inc, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, USA Med Res & Mat Command AB On November 8 and 9, 2001, leading experts in patient safety, medical informatics, advanced surgical devices, telesurgery, and surgical facilities met to formulate strategic directions for the "OR of the Future" in both military and civilian healthcare. The meeting was co-hosted by the Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center (TATRC) part of the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command at Fort Detrick, and the University of Maryland Medical Center. Researchers, surgeons, and experts in the field of operating room (OR) technology addressed the current state of research and technological developments. Experts in (1) patient safety, (2) medical informatics, (3) advanced surgical devices, (4) telesurgery, and (5) surgical facilities met in focused work groups to develop a proposed research agenda for each content area. Afterwards, each focused group agreed to develop a 'White Paper' on each specific area, addressing the current and future prospectus. In addition, they attempted to provide a recommended research roadmap for the 'OR of the Future'. C1 USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Clin Applicat Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Moses, GR (reprint author), USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Clin Applicat Div, MCMR-AT,504 Scott St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9630 BN 1-58603-320-4 J9 ST HEAL T PY 2003 VL 94 BP 226 EP 232 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Computer Science; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BY87U UT WOS:000189484800046 PM 15455898 ER PT J AU Iversen, J Sandvang, D Srijan, A Cam, PD Dalsgaard, A AF Iversen, J Sandvang, D Srijan, A Cam, PD Dalsgaard, A TI Characterization of antimicrobial resistance, plasmids, and gene cassettes in Shigella spp. from patients in Vietnam SO MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE-MECHANISMS EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; CLASS 1 INTEGRONS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SULFONAMIDE RESISTANCE; R-PLASMID; STRAINS; SITE; TYPHIMURIUM; EPIDEMIC AB The objective of the study was to investigate antimicrobial resistance, plasmids and class 1 integrons in 150 Shigella strains isolated from patients with diarrhea in Vietnam. Most isolates were resistant to the majority of antimicrobial agents used for treatment in the isolation areas and 90% were resistant to three or more antibiotics. A total of 20 strains yielded class 1 integrons, which harbored oxa1, dfrA, orfF, and aadA gene cassettes. The most common gene cassette, aadA2, was always located closest to the 3' conserved segment of the integrons and oxal and dfrA closest to the 5' end. Plasmid profiles of the 20 class 1 integron-positive strains all contained more than one plasmid, and 14 different profiles were found. No correlation was found between species, antibiograms, plasmid profiles, or presence of class 1 integrons. Conjugation resulted in 25 transconjugants, which all were resistant to four or more antimicrobial agents and all harbored at least one plasmid (>60 kb). Class 1 integrons were detected in 64% of the transconjugants. Phenotypic resistance pattern and plasmid profiles of the transconjugants seemed independent of the presence of an integron. Class 1 integrons seemed of less importance in phenotypic antibiograms and in transfer of resistance genes than conjugative plasmids. C1 Statens Serum Inst, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Iversen, J (reprint author), Statens Serum Inst, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1076-6294 J9 MICROB DRUG RESIST JI Microb. Drug Resist.-Mechan. Epidemiol. Dis. PY 2003 VL 9 SU 1 BP S17 EP S24 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 744XW UT WOS:000186659000003 PM 14633363 ER PT S AU Cavalieri, DJ Maslanik, J Markus, T Stroeve, J Sturm, M Heinrichs, J Kim, E Gasiewski, AJ Comiso, JC AF Cavalieri, DJ Maslanik, J Markus, T Stroeve, J Sturm, M Heinrichs, J Kim, E Gasiewski, AJ Comiso, JC BE Kummerow, CD Jiang, J Uratuka, S TI EOS Aqua AMSR-E arctic sea ice validation program SO MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE AND ENVIRONMENT III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Microwave Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Environment III CY OCT 24-25, 2002 CL HANGZHOU, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Oceanog, SPIE, NASA Earth Sci Technol Off, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, Commun Res Lab, NOAA, Minist Sci & Technol, China Assoc Sci & Technol, SOA, Chinese Meteorol Adm, CNSA, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Aerosp Cooperat Sci & Technol, City Gov Hangzhou, Michigan Aerosp Corp, NASDA DE AMSR-E; sea ice; validation; Arctic ID SENSOR MICROWAVE IMAGER; WEDDELL SEA; SATELLITE; ALGORITHM AB The National Space Development Agency of Japan Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) was successfully launched on NASA's EOS Aqua spacecraft on May 4, 2002. This new state-of-the-art satellite radiometer will provide a wider range of frequencies and twice the spatial resolution than is currently available with the DMSP SSM/I. New sea ice algorithms have been developed for use with the AMSR-E. The standard sea ice products to be provided include sea ice concentration at spatial resolutions of 12.5 km and 25.0 km, snow depth on sea ice at a spatial resolution of 12.5 km, and sea ice temperature at a spatial resolution of 25 km. This paper provides a summary of our plans to validate the AMSR-E sea ice products in the Arctic. The overall validation program consists of three elements: satellite data comparisons, coordinated satellite/aircraft/surface comparisons, and a modeling and sensitivity analysis component. The first coordinated satellite/aircraft/surface Arctic campaign is planned for March 2003. A second campaign is planned for March 2005. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrospher Proc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USA CRREL Alaska, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. Ft Hays State Univ, Dept Geosci, Hays, KS 67601 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cavalieri, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrospher Proc, Code 971, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Stroeve, Julienne/D-1525-2010; Markus, Thorsten/D-5365-2012 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4680-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4894 BP 413 EP 424 DI 10.1117/12.467791 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BW83M UT WOS:000183305000045 ER PT S AU Tran, G Luu, B Nguyen, B Harrelson, H Racine, G AF Tran, G Luu, B Nguyen, B Harrelson, H Racine, G GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI A mobile tactical experimentation test bed supporting the objective force SO MILCOM 2003 - 2003 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2003) CY OCT 13-16, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE Commun Soc AB The Objective Force is the ultimate goal of the U.S. Army to transform itself into a highly mobile ground force that will be the most rapidly deployable and tactically agile force capable of engaging "full-spectrum" operations. Advanced information and wireless communications capabilities are among key-enabling technologies that support a dominant feature of the Objective Force: rapid deployment. This paper will describe and explain the technologies utilized in an experimental mobile test bed environment that has been deployed as a communications contingency during Y2K support to the Pentagon, although the main purpose of the test bed was to establish a platform for conducting research, development, and evaluation of emerging communications, networking, sensors, and information technologies that can improve strategic and tactical responsiveness of the U.S. groundforce. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI CN, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tran, G (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI CN, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-8140-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2003 BP 215 EP 220 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAA49 UT WOS:000221341000039 ER PT S AU Torrieri, D AF Torrieri, D GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Protection tradeoffs against partial-band and multiple-access interference in frequency-hopping networks SO MILCOM 2003 - 2003 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2003) CY OCT 13-16, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE Commun Soc ID SPREAD-SPECTRUM COMMUNICATIONS; ERASURE INSERTION; ERROR RATES; INFORMATION AB Error-correcting codes designed to suppress partial-band interference in frequency-hopping networks exploit the nonbinary symbols of MFSK modulation. However binary symbols allow more frequency channels and, hence, are more effective against both multiple-access interference and worst-case multitone jamming. It is shown that if the system latency and computational complexity of turbo codes cannot be accommodated, then there is a tradeoff in the choice of the modulation. The more one chooses to protect against partial-band interference, the less the protection against multiple-access interference and multitone jamming. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Torrieri, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-8140-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2003 BP 1083 EP 1088 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAA49 UT WOS:000221341000188 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JL Craig, SC Kolavic, S Hastings, D Alsip, BJ Gray, GC Hudspeth, MK Ryan, MAK AF Sanchez, JL Craig, SC Kolavic, S Hastings, D Alsip, BJ Gray, GC Hudspeth, MK Ryan, MAK TI An outbreak of pneumococcal pneumonia among military personnel at high risk: Control by low-dose azithromycin postexposure chemoprophylaxis SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDES; ORAL AZITHROMYCIN; CLINICAL-TRIAL; PROPHYLAXIS; PNEUMOLYSIN; INFECTIONS; ANTIBODY AB In the winter of 1998-1999 an outbreak of pneumococcal pneumonia occurred among Ranger students undergoing high-intensity training. Thirty pneumonia cases (attack rate = 12.6%) were identified among a group of 239 students. Eighteen students were hospitalized; Streptococcus pneumoniae-positive cultures were detected in 11 (61.1%) of these 18 hospitalized cases. Pneumococci were also identified in throat swabs of 30 (13.6%) of 221 nonhospitalized students surveyed . Serum antipneumolysin seroconversions were detected in 30 (18.3%) of 164 students tested. An association between development of serum antipneumolysin antibody and pneumococcal pharyngeal carriage/colonization was found. Of 30 seroconverters, eight (26.7%) had S. pneumoniae-positive cultures compared with only 17 (12.7%) of 134 nonseroconverters (relative risks = 2.02, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-4.02, p = 0.05). The outbreak was controlled by administrating low-dose, oral azithromycin prophylaxis (250 mg weekly for 2 weeks) and was associated with a 69% reduction in pneumococcal carriage and a 94% reduction in pneumonia rates. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Epidemiol Serv, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Martin Army Community Hosp, Prevent Med Serv, Ft Benning, GA 31905 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Resp Dis Lab, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Sanchez, JL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment Lima, Unit 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 168 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EH UT WOS:000181421900001 PM 12546236 ER PT J AU Johnson, AE Granville, RR DeBerardino, TM AF Johnson, AE Granville, RR DeBerardino, TM TI Avulsion of the common hamstring tendon origin in an active duty airman SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Military-Orthopaedic-Surgeons CY DEC 10-15, 2000 CL VAIL, COLORADO SP Soc Military Orthopaed Surgeons ID ISCHIAL APOPHYSIS; INJURIES; PREVENTION; RUPTURE AB Hamstring injuries are common in active athletic populations, such as military service members. Ruptures of the hamstring origin from the ischial tuberosity are rare injuries and missed if not considered in the differential diagnosis of ischial pain. Unlike other hamstring injuries, complete hamstring avulsions must be treated surgically. Results of untreated hamstring avulsions are poor. The purpose of this article is to describe the case of an active duty airman who presented for an unrelated complaint and was discovered to have a 5-week- old hamstring avulsion. Surgical repair of the hamstring avulsion 6 weeks after injury yielded an excellent result and return to full duty. Hamstring avulsions recognized early by history and physical examination and diagnostic imaging permits early and effective treatment. Early surgical repair of the tendon to bone can result in return to full duty. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, MCHE SDR, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USA, Joint & Soft Tissue Trauma Fellowship, Keller Army Community Hosp, MCUD,DSS,ORT, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Johnson, AE (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, MCHE SDR, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr,Bldg 3600, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. OI DeBerardino, Thomas/0000-0002-7110-8743; Johnson, Anthony/0000-0002-0506-0059 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 168 IS 1 BP 40 EP 42 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EH UT WOS:000181421900009 PM 12546244 ER PT J AU Deuster, PA Sridhar, A Becker, WJ Coll, R O'Brien, KK Bathalon, G AF Deuster, PA Sridhar, A Becker, WJ Coll, R O'Brien, KK Bathalon, G TI Health assessment of US Army Rangers SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ORAL CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION; NHANES-II SURVEY; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; QUANTITATIVE DATA; NUTRIENT SOURCES; AMERICAN DIET; UNITED-STATES; PERFORMANCE; EXERCISE; SMOKING AB Purpose: Assess the health behaviors of U.S. Army Rangers, including their diet and physical activity patterns, and their use of alcohol, tobacco, and nutritional supplements. Methods: Army Rangers (N = 38) completed selected self-report and food frequency questionnaires, and anthropometric measures (height, weight, circumferences) were taken. Results: Dietary patterns were collected from questionnaires that asked respondents to report the frequency of usual consumption from a list of foods over a period of 1 year. The data collected indicated a diet high in fat (38.0% of energy) and low in carbohydrates (41.9%). Protein intake (17.9% of energy) was consistent with recommendations for endurance and strength training athletes. Hours engaged in physical activity averaged 12 per week. Overall, 76% of the volunteers reported using alcohol on a regular basis, and 52.6% used some form of tobacco: 50% reported using either snuff or chewing tobacco. The use of supplements was high with 13% taking creatine and ephedrine products on a regular basis. Conclusion: Although physical activity patterns indicated a high level of activity, dietary and other health behaviors, such as smoking, alcohol use, and patterns of supplement use, suggest that health education programs may be important in this select Army population. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Mil & Emergency Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Martin Army Community Hosp, Ft Benning, GA USA. USA, Inst Environm Med, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Deuster, PA (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Mil & Emergency Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Deuster, Patricia/G-3838-2015 OI Deuster, Patricia/0000-0002-7895-0888 NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 168 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EH UT WOS:000181421900013 PM 12546248 ER PT J AU Booth, CK Coad, RA Forbes-Ewan, CH Thomson, GF Niro, PJ AF Booth, CK Coad, RA Forbes-Ewan, CH Thomson, GF Niro, PJ TI The physiological and psychological effects of combat ration feeding during a 12-day training exercise in the tropics SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Australian-Military-Medicine-Association CY DEC, 2000 CL HOBART, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Military Med Assoc ID VITAMIN-K; PROTEIN AB The health and psychological effects of combat ration pack (CRP) feeding during 12 days of military training in a tropical environment were investigated. Three groups of air defence guards (ADGs) received either: freshly prepared foods (fresh group, 15 mega joule (MJ), 3,600 kcal, N = 13), full CRP (15 MJ, 3,600 kcal, N = 10), or one-half CRP (7.5 MJ, 1,800 kcal, N = 10). Underconsumption by the full CRP group resulted in CRP groups experiencing similar weight loss, protein catabolism, and immune suppression (both cell-mediated and humoral), whereas the fresh group maintained their weight and protein balance and cell-mediated immune status. CRP groups reported greater fatigue than the fresh group. All ADGs experienced poor sleep quality and declining folate and iron status. ADGs drank insufficient water to prevent dehydration. In the medium term, ADGs were able to adapt to restricted food consumption and poor sleep quality with no decrement in physical fitness or cognition. C1 Def Sci & Technol Org, DNRC, Scottsdale, Tas 7260, Australia. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01670 USA. RP Booth, CK (reprint author), Def Sci & Technol Org, DNRC, 76 George St, Scottsdale, Tas 7260, Australia. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 168 IS 1 BP 63 EP 70 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EH UT WOS:000181421900014 PM 12546249 ER PT J AU Gilliland, WR Delaney, NR Holley, AB AF Gilliland, WR Delaney, NR Holley, AB TI A 41-year-old active duty US Air Force enlisted man with a 3-week history of fevers, arthralgias, and myalgias SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ADULT STILLS-DISEASE; HYPERFERRITINEMIA AB A 41-year-old active duty male was transferred to Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, DC, for further evaluation of fever, rash, myalgias, arthralgias, and respiratory failure. An extensive evaluation with input from numerous subspecialties of medicine was performed. The patient was eventually diagnosed with adult Still's disease, which is a diagnosis of exclusion. This case illustrates the importance of having a broad differential diagnosis when evaluating a patient with fever of unknown origin, with emphasis on the approach to young, active duty military personnel. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Rheumatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Gilliland, WR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 168 IS 1 BP 82 EP 85 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EH UT WOS:000181421900017 PM 12546252 ER PT J AU Gade, PA AF Gade, PA TI Organizational commitment in the military: An overview SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Res Inst, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. RP Gade, PA (reprint author), USA, Res Inst, 5001 Eisenhower Ave, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2003 VL 15 IS 3 BP 163 EP 166 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1503_01 PG 4 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 709LA UT WOS:000184625600001 ER PT J AU Tremble, TR Payne, SC Finch, JF Bullis, RC AF Tremble, TR Payne, SC Finch, JF Bullis, RC TI Opening organizational archives to research: Analog measures of organizational commitment SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Psychological-Association CY AUG 14-18, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Psychol Assoc ID CONTINUANCE COMMITMENT; CONSTRUCT-VALIDITY; LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS; NORMATIVE COMMITMENT; JOB-SATISFACTION; ANTECEDENTS; TURNOVER; METAANALYSIS; CONSEQUENCES; EXTENSION AB This research applied the construct equivalence approach for deriving and empirically validating analog measures based on data not originally designed to measure the theoretical constructs of interest. In this application, subject matter experts agreed on questionnaire items from a longitudinal database, that fit Meyer and Allen's (1991) definitions of affective and continuance commitment. Questionnaires suitable for inclusion of these items and the original Meyer and Allen (1984) items were administered to a test sample of Army officers (N = 404). Analyses supported use of the selected items as analog scales of affective and continuance commitment in that both the selected and original items yielded similar factor structures and similar relations with officer rank and career intentions. Results for the analog items were replicated with another officer sample (N= 863). The contributions of the findings to the organizational commitment literature and research in the military are discussed. C1 USA, Inst Behav Res & Social Sci, TAPC ARI RS, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Tremble, TR (reprint author), USA, Inst Behav Res & Social Sci, TAPC ARI RS, 5001 Eisenhower Ave, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. NR 49 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2003 VL 15 IS 3 BP 167 EP 190 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1503_02 PG 24 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 709LA UT WOS:000184625600002 ER PT J AU Gade, PA Tiggle, RB Schumm, WR AF Gade, PA Tiggle, RB Schumm, WR TI The measurement and consequences of military organizational commitment in soldiers and spouses SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Psychological-Association CY AUG 14-18, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Psychol Assoc ID ANTECEDENTS; REENLISTMENT AB Based on the work of Meyer and Allen (1997), we derived a set of abbreviated scales to measure affective and continuance organizational commitment and conducted an extensive examination of the factor structure and reliability of these scales. The relation of these 2 abbreviated scales of organizational commitment to critical organizational outcomes was examined and tested. Results showed that affective and continuance commitment combined to influence subsequent soldier performance on job knowledge tests in opposite ways, suggesting a causal link between commitment and performance. Relations between affective and continuance commitment combinations and soldier-reported retention intentions, morale, and readiness were also explored. Scales developed to measure spouse commitment to the Army showed a factor structure that was comparable to that of soldiers and consistent with the dimensions of affective and continuance commitment. C1 USA, Res Inst, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Gade, PA (reprint author), USA, Res Inst, 5001 Eisenhower Ave, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. RI Dopko, Rae/J-7437-2015 NR 24 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2003 VL 15 IS 3 BP 191 EP 207 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1503_03 PG 17 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 709LA UT WOS:000184625600003 ER PT J AU Heffner, TS Gade, PA AF Heffner, TS Gade, PA TI Commitment to nested collectives in Special Operations Forces SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Psychological-Association CY AUG 14-18, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Psychol Assoc ID ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT; EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT; JOB-SATISFACTION; BEHAVIOR; MODELS; DECISIONS; TURNOVER; BASES; FOCI; WORK AB Contemporary investigations of workplace commitment include research on commitment components and commitment to multiple, and sometimes nested, work units. Research on commitment within the hierarchical military structure may be particularly reflective of these perspectives. Affective commitment to 2 nested organizational units (Special Operations Forces and the military) was hypothesized to be distinguishable from each another and from military continuance commitment. Further, a model portraying the hypothesized relations between satisfaction and affective commitment for the 2 organizational units and career intentions was examined. Special Operations personnel (n = 3,968) from 3 service branches completed satisfaction and career intentions items in addition to modified versions (Gade, Tiggle, & Schumm, 2003/this issue) of the Meyer and Allen (1984) commitment scales. Results of the research supported the distinction between the commitment scales and provided support for the model. Implications for operational environments and future research are discussed. C1 USA, Res Inst, TAPC ARI RS, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. RP Heffner, TS (reprint author), USA, Res Inst, TAPC ARI RS, 5001 Eisenhower Ave, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2003 VL 15 IS 3 BP 209 EP 224 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1503_04 PG 16 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 709LA UT WOS:000184625600004 ER PT J AU Karrasch, AI AF Karrasch, AI TI Antecedents and consequences of organizational commitment SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Psychological-Association CY AUG 14-18, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Psychol Assoc ID NORMATIVE COMMITMENT; CONTINUANCE; TOKENISM; NUMBERS; WOMEN AB The purpose of this study was to examine some antecedents and some consequences of organizational commitment as conceptualized by Meyer and Allen (1991). Specifically, gender, ethnicity, branch of the Army, and perceptions of tokenism (e.g., isolation and stereotyping) were examined as antecedents of organizational commitment. Peer-rated leadership performance served as the outcome measure of affective (AC), continuance (CC), and normative commitment (NC). Findings indicated ethnic differences in AC and CC, gender differences in CC, and Army branch differences in AC and NC. Perceived tokenism was associated with lower levels of AC and NC and higher levels of CC. Finally, higher levels of AC and NC predicted higher leadership evaluations, whereas higher levels of CC were associated with lower leadership evaluations. C1 USA, Res Inst, Armored Forces Res Unit, Ft Knox, KY 40121 USA. RP Karrasch, AI (reprint author), USA, Res Inst, Armored Forces Res Unit, 2423 Morande St, Ft Knox, KY 40121 USA. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2003 VL 15 IS 3 BP 225 EP 236 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1503_05 PG 12 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 709LA UT WOS:000184625600005 ER PT J AU Kaplan, KJ Sconce, KJ Craft, DW AF Kaplan, KJ Sconce, KJ Craft, DW TI Reflex HPV testing in a military medical population SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 22-28, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 EI 1530-0285 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 MA 314 BP 71A EP 72A PG 2 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 640ZY UT WOS:000180720100328 ER PT J AU Kaplan, KJ Bolger, AY Boast, DL AF Kaplan, KJ Bolger, AY Boast, DL TI Use of robotic telepathology for liquid based cytology SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 22-28, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 EI 1530-0285 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 MA 313 BP 71A EP 71A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 640ZY UT WOS:000180720100327 ER PT J AU Furusato, B Sesterhenn, IA Davis, CJ McLeod, DG Moul, JW Mostofi, FK AF Furusato, B Sesterhenn, IA Davis, CJ McLeod, DG Moul, JW Mostofi, FK TI Correlation of tumor dimensions with pathological stage and grade in prostatic carcinoma SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 22-28, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 MA 685 BP 151A EP 151A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 640ZY UT WOS:000180720100695 ER PT J AU Acs, G Zhang, PJ Mohyeldin, A Liu, S Lu, H McBroom, J Verma, A AF Acs, G Zhang, PJ Mohyeldin, A Liu, S Lu, H McBroom, J Verma, A TI Erythropoietin signaling in cervical carcinoma: A pathway of hypoxia mediated treatment resistance SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 22-28, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 EI 1530-0285 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 MA 810 BP 178A EP 178A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 640ZY UT WOS:000180720100820 ER PT J AU Fillman, EP Burton, MP Ehsan, A Neuhauser, TS AF Fillman, EP Burton, MP Ehsan, A Neuhauser, TS TI Comparison of immunohistochemical staining of splenic marginal zone hyperplasia and splenic marginal zone lymphoma SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 22-28, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 MA 1060 BP 232A EP 232A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 640ZY UT WOS:000180720101070 ER PT S AU Brennan, JK Turner, CH Rice, BM Gubbins, KE AF Brennan, JK Turner, CH Rice, BM Gubbins, KE BE Gubernatis, JE TI Chemical reactions in highly non-ideal environments: Reactive Monte Carlo simulations SO MONTE CARLO METHOD IN THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th Anniversary of the Metropolis Algorithm CY JUN 09-11, 2003 CL LOS ALAMOS, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab ID EQUILIBRIA AB Molecular simulation studies of the physical effects of non-ideal environments on chemical reaction equilibria and kinetics were presented. The Reactive Monte Carlo simulation method was used to study a variety of non-ideal surroundings, including: reacting systems at extremely high temperature and pressure; reactions in carbon slit-pores and nanotubes; and reactions carried out in supercritical fluid solvents. The method is found to be a capable tool for assessing physical effects on reactions for such systems. Notably, the Reactive Monte Carlo method provides species concentration data, which are typically unavailable from experimental measurements of these systems. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Brennan, JK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0162-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 690 BP 374 EP 375 PG 2 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA BY31T UT WOS:000188893800042 ER PT S AU Bolonkin, A AF Bolonkin, A BE Duke, MB TI Non-rocket Earth-Moon transport system SO MOON: SCIENCE, EXPLORATION AND UTILISATION SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint COSPAR/IAC Meeting on the Moon - Science, Exploration and Utilisation held at the World Space Congress CY OCT, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Comm Space Res, IAC AB This paper proposes a new transportation system for travel between Earth and Moon. This transportation system uses mechanical energy transfer and requires only minimal energy, using an engine located on Earth. A cable directly connects a pole of the Earth through a drive station to the lunar surface. The equation for an optimal equal stress cable for complex gravitational field of Earth-Moon has been derived that allows significantly lower cable masses. The required strength could be provided by cables constructed of carbon nanotubes or carbon whiskers. Some of the constraints on such a system are discussed. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Natl Res Council Egling Air Force Base, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA. RP Bolonkin, A (reprint author), USA, Natl Res Council Egling Air Force Base, 5 Mooney Rd,E-10, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 31 IS 11 BP 2485 EP 2490 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00565-9 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX54J UT WOS:000185644500028 ER PT S AU Steeves, DM Kimball, BR AF Steeves, DM Kimball, BR BE Belfield, KD Caracci, SJ Kajzar, F Lawson, CM Yeates, AT TI Nonlinear transmission and scattering of multiwalled carbon nanotubes suspended in an index-matched solid matrix and nonlinear optical dye solution SO MULTIPHOTON ABSORPTION AND NONLINEAR TRANSMISSION PROCESSES: MATERIALS, THEORY, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multiphoton Absorption and Nonlinear Transmission Processes - Materials, Theory and Applications CY JUL 08-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, USAF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate DE laser-induced damage; nonlinear optics; damage threshold; nonlinear absorption; nanosecond laser pulses; picosecond laser pulses; linear transmission ID ARRAYS AB The nonlinear transmission of a combination of carbon nanotubes and nonlinear optical (NLO) dye is studied experimentally using nanosecond pulses. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT) are suspended in a solid matrix. The refractive index of the solid matrix is matched to a solvent/NLO dye solution. Evidence of both nonlinear scattering and nonlinear absorption is reported. Though there is evidence of increased scattering due to the CNT solid matrix, no enhancement in nonlinear response is observed. C1 USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Steeves, DM (reprint author), USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4564-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4797 BP 120 EP 124 DI 10.1117/12.453500 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA BW38Y UT WOS:000181846300013 ER PT S AU Werrlein, RJ Madren-Whalley, JS AF Werrlein, RJ Madren-Whalley, JS BE Periasamy, A So, PTC TI Multiphoton imaging: a view to understanding sulfur mustard lesions SO MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY IN THE BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences III CY JAN 26-28, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Bio Rad Labs Inc, Carl Zeiss Inc, Chroma Technol Corp, Coherent Inc, Omega Opt Inc, Spectra Phys Inc DE sulfur mustard; blisters; human epidermis; keratin 14; alpha(6)beta(4) integrins; laminin ID ALPHA(6)BETA(4) INTEGRIN; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS; EPIDERMOLYSIS-BULLOSA; GENETIC-DISORDERS; CYTOSKELETON; HEMIDESMOSOMES; ADHESION; SUBUNIT; ASSOCIATION AB It is well known that topical exposure to sulfur mustard (SM) produces persistent, incapacitating blisters of the skin, However, the primary lesions effecting epidermal-dermal separation and disabling of mechanisms for cutaneous repair remain uncertain. Immunofluorescent staining plus multiphoton imaging of human epidermal tissues and keratinocytes exposed to SM (400 muM x 5 min) have revealed that SM disrupts adhesion-complex molecules which are also disrupted by epidermolysis bullosa-type blistering diseases of the skin. Images of keratin-14 showed early, progressive, postexposure collapse of the K5/K14 cytoskeleton that resulted in ventral displacement of the nuclei beneath its collapsing filaments. This effectively corrupted the dynamic filament assemblies that link basal-cell nuclei to the extracellular matrix via alpha(6)beta(4)-integrin and laminin-5. At 1 h postexposure, there was disruption in the surface organization Of alpha(6)beta(4) integrins, associated displacement of laminin-5 anchoring sites and a concomitant loss of functional asymmetry. Accordingly, our multiphoton images are providing compelling evidence that SM induces prevesicating lesions that disrupt the receptor-ligand organization and cytoskeletal systems required for maintaining dermal-epidermal attachment, signal transduction, and polarized mobility. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Werrlein, RJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4763-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4963 BP 117 EP 127 DI 10.1117/12.478035 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BX17D UT WOS:000184498300014 ER PT S AU Birenzvige, A Sickenberger, D Reyes, F Underwood, W Reif, C Gonski, D Fargues, M Nelson, B AF Birenzvige, A Sickenberger, D Reyes, F Underwood, W Reif, C Gonski, D Fargues, M Nelson, B BE Dasarathy, BV TI CB detection and early warning - Fusing disparate sensors into the detection process - Program overview SO MULTISENSOR, MULTISOURCE INFORMATION FUSION: ARCHITECTURES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS 2003 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information Fusion - Architectures, Algorithms and Applications 2003 CY APR 23-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE battlefield sensors; weapons discrimination; sensor and data fusion AB Improved situational awareness is a primary goal for the Objective Force. Knowing where the enemy is and what are the threats to his troops provides the commander with the information he needs to plan his mission and provide his forces with maximum protection from the variety of threats that are present on the battlefield. Sensors play an important role in providing critical information to enhance situational awareness. The sensors that are used on the battlefield include, among others, seismic, acoustic, and cameras in different spectral ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. These sensors help track enemy movement and serve as part of an intrusion detection system. Characteristically these sensors are relatively cheap and easy to deploy. Chemical and biological agent detection is currently relegated to sensors that are specifically designed to detect these agents. Many of these sensors are collocated with the troops. By the time alarm is sounded the troops have already been exposed to the agent. In addition, battlefield contaminants frequently interfere with the performance of these sensors and result in false alarms. Since operating in a contaminated environment requires the troops to don protective garments that interfere with their performance we need to reduce false alarms to an absolute minimum. The Edgewood Chemical and Biological Center (ECBC) is currently conducting a. study to examine the possibility of detecting chemical and biological weapons as soon as they are deployed. For that purpose we conducted a field test in which the acoustic, seismic and electro-magnetic signatures of conventional and simulated chemical / biological 155mm artillery shells were recorded by an array of corresponding sensors. Initial examination of the data shows a distinct differences in the signatures of these weapons. In this paper we will provide detailed descriptions of the test procedures. We will describe the various sensors used and describe the differences in the signatures generated by the conventional and the (simulated) chemical rounds. This paper will be followed by other papers that will provide more details information gained by the various sensors and describe how fusing the data enhance the reliability of the CB detection process. C1 USA, SBCCOM, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Birenzvige, A (reprint author), USA, SBCCOM, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Bldg E3160, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4959-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5099 BP 382 EP 385 DI 10.1117/12.497980 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW92G UT WOS:000183605100040 ER PT S AU Reiff, C Fargues, M Gonski, D AF Reiff, C Fargues, M Gonski, D BE Dasarathy, BV TI Discrimination of Chemical/Biological versus high explosive artillery rounds using acoustic and seismic data fusion SO MULTISENSOR, MULTISOURCE INFORMATION FUSION: ARCHITECTURES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS 2003 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information Fusion - Architectures, Algorithms and Applications 2003 CY APR 23-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE chemical; biological; artillery; discrimination; data fusion; acoustic; seismic AB The threat of chemical and biological weapons is a serious problem and the ability to determine. if an incoming artillery round contains high explosives or a chemical/biological agent is valuable information to anyone on the battlefield. Early detection of a chemical or biological agent provides the soldier with more time to respond to the threat. Information about the round type and location can be obtained from acoustic and seismic sensors and fused with information from radars, infrared and video cameras, and meteorological sensors to identify the round type quickly after detonation. This paper will describe the work with ground based acoustic and seismic sensors to discriminate between round types in a program sponsored-by the Soldier Biological and Chemical Command. C1 US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Reiff, C (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4959-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5099 BP 386 EP 396 DI 10.1117/12.488671 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW92G UT WOS:000183605100041 ER PT J AU Kempa, K Kimball, B Rybczynski, J Huang, ZP Wu, PF Steeves, D Sennett, M Giersig, M Rao, DVGLN Carnahan, DL Wang, DZ Lao, JY Li, WZ Ren, ZF AF Kempa, K Kimball, B Rybczynski, J Huang, ZP Wu, PF Steeves, D Sennett, M Giersig, M Rao, DVGLN Carnahan, DL Wang, DZ Lao, JY Li, WZ Ren, ZF TI Photonic crystals based on periodic arrays of aligned carbon nanotubes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PATTERNED GROWTH; BAND-GAP; PLASMA; EMISSION; NICKEL; GLASS AB We demonstrate here that large area periodic arrays of well-aligned carbon nanotubes can be fabricated inexpensively on Ni dots made by the process of self-assembly nanosphere lithography. These periodic arrays appear colorful due to their efficient reflection and diffraction of visible light. In addition, due to their honeycomb lattice structure, these arrays can act as photonic band gap crystals in the visible frequency range. In this report, we present the initial exploration of the optical properties of such arrays. Here we show that these potential 2D photonic band gap crystal arrays might find very important applications in optoelectronics. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. NanoLab Inc, Brighton, MA 02135 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125 USA. RP Ren, ZF (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RI Ren, Zhifeng/B-4275-2014; Rao, Devulapalli/L-8863-2015; Li, Wenzhi/J-6797-2016 OI Li, Wenzhi/0000-0001-8442-2232 NR 24 TC 245 Z9 247 U1 12 U2 91 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 3 IS 1 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1021/nl0258271 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 635CZ UT WOS:000180381600004 ER PT S AU Kimball, B Carlson, J Kempa, K Li, WZ Ren, ZF Wu, PF Rao, DVGLN Rybczynski, J Giersig, M Huang, ZP Carnahan, D Steeves, D Sennett, M AF Kimball, B Carlson, J Kempa, K Li, WZ Ren, ZF Wu, PF Rao, DVGLN Rybczynski, J Giersig, M Huang, ZP Carnahan, D Steeves, D Sennett, M BE Cao, G Xia, Y Braun, PV TI Optical properties of honeycomb arrays of multiwalled carbon nanotubes SO NANOMATERIALS AND THEIR OPTICAL APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanomaterials and Their Optical Applications CY AUG 05-07, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE carbon nanotubes; honeycomb arrays; diffraction efficiency; polarization effects ID PHOTONIC-BAND-GAP; GRAPHITE STRUCTURE; PERIODIC ARRAYS AB Carbon nanotubes (CN-T) have been grown in a honeycomb configuration on silicon substrates using nanosphere self-assembly and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The optical properties of the arrays were also studied. Diffraction efficiency was found to be a function of the wavelength, angle of incidence and state of polarization of the incident light. The unique optical properties of the arrays combined with the excellent mechanical and electrical properties of carbon nanotubes indicates that these materials may find many uses in the field of optoelectronics. In addition to their optical properties, periodic CNT arrays have a host of other unique electromagnetic and mechanical properties that may be exploited for numerous applications. Polarization measurements indicate that the intensity of both the diffracted light and diffusely scattered light is dependent on wavelength and angle of incidence. These arrays not only reflect and diffract light, but can also have a photonic band gap in, or around, the visible frequency range. The precise frequency location and size of this gap can be controlled by the structural and material parameters of the arrays. C1 USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kimball, B (reprint author), USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM brian.r.kimball@us.army.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5097-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2003 VL 5224 BP 156 EP 163 DI 10.1117/12.508016 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BY15D UT WOS:000187953600019 ER PT S AU Kecskes, LJ Woodman, RH Klotz, BR AF Kecskes, LJ Woodman, RH Klotz, BR BE Berndt, CC Fischer, TE Ovidko, I Skandan, G Tsakalakos, T TI Densification and sintering of a microwave-plasma-synthesized iron nanopowder SO NANOMATERIALS FOR STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanomaterials for Structural Applications held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-06, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID POWDERS AB Powder compacts made from microwave-plasma-synthesized iron (Fe) nanopowder (Materials Modification Inc., Fairfax, VA) were sintered under hydrogen (H-2). Results showed that without the application of pressure, the powder could not be sintered to full density. In subsequent experiments, the powder was consolidated to final densities near 80% of the theoretical full density, using plasma pressure compaction ((PC)-C-2). To provide an explanation for the difficulty in attaining full densification, the precursor powder and compacted pellet characteristics were examined by several methods. These included residual porosity by mercury pycnometry, surface area measurement by Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) analysis, and structural change by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that the nanosized primary particles were aggregated into micrometer-sized dendritic structures, with the appearance of tumbleweeds. The observed limitations in the densification and associated porous microstructures of the pressureless-sintered and (PC)-C-2-densified compacts were rationalized in terms of the behavior of the dendritic aggregate structures rather than that of the nanosized primary particles. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Kecskes, LJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RI Kecskes, Laszlo/F-6880-2014 OI Kecskes, Laszlo/0000-0002-1342-3729 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-677-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 740 BP 199 EP 204 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW62S UT WOS:000182613300030 ER PT B AU Jarvis, NL Snow, AW Wohltjen, H Smardzewski, RR AF Jarvis, NL Snow, AW Wohltjen, H Smardzewski, RR BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI CB nanosensors SO NANOTECH 2003, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2003) CY FEB 23-27, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Ardesta, LLC, Swiss Nanotechnol Initiat, Belgian Nanotechnol Initiat, Oppenheimer wolff & Donnelly LLP, Accelrys Inc, Ciphergen Biosyst Inc, Motorola Inc, ANSYS Inc, COMSOL, Thomson, Derwent, M&W Zander US Operat Inc, Small Times Media ID ENSEMBLE; METAL AB A new class of nanometer scale, low power, solidstate devices is being investigated for the detection of hazardous vapors. These chemical vapor sensors are comprised of nanometer-sized gold particles encapsulated by monomolecular layers of alkanethiol surfactant deposited as thin films on interdigitated microelectrodes (Fig. 1). These new, alkylthiol-stabilized, gold nanocluster materials are appropriately named metal-insulator-metal-ensembles (MIME). C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, SBCCOM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Jarvis, NL (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, SBCCOM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9728422-2-5 PY 2003 BP 337 EP 338 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BAN98 UT WOS:000223047000090 ER PT J AU Wilson, MV Erhart, T Hammond, PC Kaye, TN Kuykendall, K Liston, A Robinson, AF Schultz, CB Severns, PM AF Wilson, MV Erhart, T Hammond, PC Kaye, TN Kuykendall, K Liston, A Robinson, AF Schultz, CB Severns, PM TI Biology of Kincaid's lupine (Lupinus sulphureus ssp kincaidii [Smith] phillips), a threatened species of western Oregon native prairies, USA SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE conservation biology; endangered and threatened species; Lupinus sulphureus ssp kincaidii; prairies; rare plants ID SEED-GERMINATION; PLANTS; POLLINATION; BUMBLEBEES; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; REDBUD; FLOWER AB Kincaid's lupine (Lupinus sulphureus ssp. kincaidii [Smith] Phillips), a perennial, leguminous herb of 57 sites in western Oregon and Washington, USA, was recently listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act. Results from genetic, pollination, morphological, mating, and distributional studies describe Kincaid's lupine as (a) strongly outcrossing, relying on native insects for most pollination; (b) having large, spreading genets within populations: (c) once widely distributed and abundant, with high levels of interpopulation gene flow; (d) now with isolated populations and a high genetic load that might be causing inbreeding depression: and (e) with high levels of insect predation on flowers and seeds that contribute to poor reproductive success. Conservation efforts for Kincaid's lupine are often linked with conservation of the closely associated Fender's blue butterfly (Icaricia icarioides fenderi [Macy]), for which it is the main larval host plant, and have focused on stopping habitat destruction and on managing and restoring habitat. Reducing prairie dominance by tall, herbaceous weeds and woody plants increases Kincaid's lupine vigor. Reestablishment of Kincaid's lupine is possible but requires large numbers of seeds and protection of seedlings from crowding. Further research into the genetics, symbiotic associations, demography, and habitat requirements of Kincaid's lupine is needed for effective recovery of this threatened species. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Entomol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Inst Appl Ecol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Oregon State Off, Portland, OR 97266 USA. Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Willamette Valley Projects, NW Div, Lowell, OR 97452 USA. RP Wilson, MV (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI kaye, thomas/D-7859-2012; OI Schultz, Cheryl/0000-0003-3388-8950 NR 56 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 20 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 72 EP 83 PG 12 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 634NK UT WOS:000180346900010 ER PT J AU Dave, JR Yao, CP Moffett, JR Berti, R Koenig, M Tortella, FC AF Dave, JR Yao, CP Moffett, JR Berti, R Koenig, M Tortella, FC TI Down-regulation of sodium channel Na(v)1.1 expression by veratridine and its reversal by a novel sodium channel blocker, RS100642, in primary neuronal cultures SO NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Veratridine; primary neuronal cultures; voltage-gated sodium channels; gene expression; quantitative RT-PCR ID RAT-BRAIN; SENSORY NEURONS; MESSENGER-RNA; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; CELL-DEATH; TETRODOTOXIN; GLUTAMATE; ISCHEMIA; SEIZURES; ISOFORMS AB This study investigated the effects of veratridine-induced neuronal toxicity on sodium channel gene (NaCh) expression in primary forebrain cultures enriched in neurons, and its reversal by a novel sodium channel blocker, RS100642. Using quantitative RTPCR, our findings demonstrated the expression ratio of NaCh genes in normal fetal rat forebrain neurons to be Na(v)1.2 > Na(v)1.3 > Na(v)1.8 > Na(v)1.1 > Na(v)1.7 (rBII > rBIII > PN3 > rBI > PN1). Veratridine treatment of neuronal cells produced neurotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner (0.25-20 muM). Neuronal injury caused by a dose of veratridine producing 80% cell death (2.5 muM) significantly, and exclusively down-regulated the Na(v)1.1 gene. However, treatment of neurons with RS100642 (200 muM) reversed the down-regulation of the Na(v)1.1 gene expression caused by veratridine. Our findings document for the first time quantitative and relative changes in the expression of various NaCh genes in neurons following injury produced by selective activation of voltage-gated sodium channels, and suggest that the Na(v)1.1 sodium channel gene may play a key role in the neuronal injury/recovery process. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neuropharmacol & Mol Biol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neuroendocrinol Neurochem, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Dave, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neuropharmacol & Mol Biol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Yao, Changping/B-3619-2011 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU F P GRAHAM PUBLISHING CO PI MOUNTAIN HOME PA PO BOX 370, MOUNTAIN HOME, TN 37684 USA SN 1029-8428 J9 NEUROTOX RES JI Neurotox. Res. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 3 BP 213 EP 219 PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 691MT UT WOS:000183610600005 PM 12835125 ER PT J AU Yao, C Williams, AJ Lu, XCM Price, RA Cunningham, BS Berti, R Tortella, FC Dave, JR AF Yao, C Williams, AJ Lu, XCM Price, RA Cunningham, BS Berti, R Tortella, FC Dave, JR TI The sodium channel blocker RS 100642 reverses down-regulation of the sodium channel alpha-subunit Na-v 1.1 expression caused by transient ischemic brain injury in rats SO NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE gene expression; ischemia; mexiletine; middle cerebral artery occlusion; RS100642; sodium channels; sodium channel blockers ID SENSORY NEURONS; CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; GENE-EXPRESSION; FOCAL ISCHEMIA; MESSENGER-RNA; CDNA SEQUENCE; ANOXIA; RS100642 AB In this study we evaluated the expression of five sodium channel (NaCh) alpha-subunit genes after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in the rat and the effects of treatment with the NaCh blocker and experimental neuroprotective agent RS100642 as compared to the prototype NaCh blocker mexiletine. The expression of Na-v 1.1, Na-v 1.2, Na-v 1.3, Na-v 1.7, Na-v 1.8 and the housekeeping gene beta-actin were studied in vehicle or drug-treated rats at 6, 24 and 48 h post-MCAo using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. RS100642 (1 mg/kg), mexiletine (10 mg/kg), or vehicle (1 ml/kg) was injected (i.v) at 30 min, 2, 4, and 6 h post-injury. Following MCAo only the Na-v 1.1 and Na-v 1.2 genes were significantly down-regulated in the ipsilateral hemisphere of the injured brains. RS100642 treatment significantly reversed the down-regulation of Na-v 1.1 (but not Na-v 1.2) at 24-48 h post-injury. Mexiletine treatment, on the other hand, had no significant effect on the down-regulation of either gene. These findings demonstrate that treatment with a neuroprotective dose of RS100642 significantly reverses the down-regulation of Na-v 1.1 caused by ischemic brain injury and suggests that RS 100642 selectively targets the Na-v 1.1 alpha-subunit of the NaCh. Furthermore, our findings strengthen the hypothesis that ischemic injury may produce selective depletion of voltage-gated NaChs, and suggest that the Nav 1.1 NaCh alpha-subunit may play a key role in the neuronal injury/recovery process. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Dave, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Rm 2W14, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU F P GRAHAM PUBLISHING CO PI MOUNTAIN HOME PA PO BOX 370, MOUNTAIN HOME, TN 37684 USA SN 1029-8428 J9 NEUROTOX RES JI Neurotox. Res. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 245 EP + PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 715RR UT WOS:000184986500002 PM 12835116 ER PT J AU Dave, JR Williams, AJ Moffett, JR Koenig, ML Tortella, FC AF Dave, JR Williams, AJ Moffett, JR Koenig, ML Tortella, FC TI Studies on neuronal apoptosis in primary forebrain cultures: Neuroprotective/anti-apoptotic action of NR2B NMDA antagonists SO NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE primary neuronal cultures; apoptosis; staurosporine; ifenprodil; CGX-1007; conantokin-G ID METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; FOCAL CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; CYTOCHROME-C RELEASE; RAT-BRAIN; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; CONANTOKIN-G; ALLOSTERIC INTERACTION; CASPASE ACTIVATION; THERAPEUTIC WINDOW AB While the role of apoptosis in neuronal injury is continually being re-defined, approaches to intervene in the progression of apoptotic injury have been documented to provide neuroprotection against a variety of insults. The present studies were undertaken to systematically study the effects of certain neuroprotective agents against neuronal apoptosis mediated by staurosporine (ST). ST (0.01-5 muM) produced a dose-related apoptotic injury (as characterized by cellular morphology, `Comet' assay analysis [single cell gel electrophoresis] and caspase-3 activation) in primary cultures of fore-brain neurons. ST significantly increased caspase-3 activity. The NMDA receptor subtype non-selective antagonist dizocilpine [(+) MK-801; 0.1-50 muM] and a novel sodium channel blocker RS100642 (1.0-250 muM) had no significant effects against ST induced neurotoxicity. Conversely, NR2B-selective NMDA receptor antagonists CGX-1007 (0.01-50 muM) and ifenprodil (0.01-50 muM) provided dose-dependent neuroprotection against ST induced neurotoxicity (as measured by neuronal viability and comet assay analysis). CGX-1007 had no significant effect on ST induced caspase-3 activity; however, ifenprodil did block activation of caspase-3. These studies demonstrate that NR2B NMDA receptor antagonists are anti-apoptotic and may mediate their action via mechanism(s) that are dependent or independent of caspase-3 activation. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neuropharmacol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Biol Mol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neuroendocrinol Neurochem, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Dave, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neuropharmacol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU F P GRAHAM PUBLISHING CO PI MOUNTAIN HOME PA PO BOX 370, MOUNTAIN HOME, TN 37684 USA SN 1029-8428 J9 NEUROTOX RES JI Neurotox. Res. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 255 EP + PG 9 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 715RR UT WOS:000184986500003 PM 12835117 ER PT J AU Koenig, ML Meyerhoff, JL AF Koenig, ML Meyerhoff, JL TI In vitro neuroprotection against oxidative stress by pre-treatment with a combination of dihydrolipoic acid and phenyl-butyl nitrories SO NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; free radical scavenger; neuronal culture; neuroprotection; ROS ID ALPHA-LIPOIC ACID; ANTIOXIDANT THERAPY; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; GLUTAMATE NEUROTOXICITY; MEDIATED NEUROTOXICITY; CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; CORTICAL-NEURONS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CELL-DEATH; INJURY AB One consequence of trauma to the CNS is the production and liberation, from damaged tissue, of large amounts of oxygen-centered free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS). An excessive production of ROS can overwhelm the endogenous antioxidant defense system resulting in lipid peroxidation, DNA strand breaks, protein denaturation and cross-linking. The brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative injury, because it contains high concentrations of readily oxidizable polyunsaturated fatty acids. has a high rate of oxygen consumption per unit mass, and has only a relatively modest antioxidant defense system. We have conducted studies in vitro to determine the feasibility of reducing ROS-mediated damage in neurons by bolstering endogenous neuronal antioxidant defenses. Primary cultures of neurons derived from embryonic rat forebrain were pre-treated with the free radical scavenger dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), the reduced form of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), and then subjected to H2O2-mediated oxidative stress. Neuroprotection was determined using the colorimetric MTT reduction assay. As has been reported by others, pre-treatment of neurons with DHLA (4 h) provided dose-dependent neuroprotection against a subsequent exposure to H2O2. The addition of spin trapping nitrones N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenyl-nitrone (PBN) or its sulfonated analog N-tert-butyl-alpha(2-sulfophenyl)-nitrone (SPBN) to the pre-treatment cocktail enhanced neuroprotection at every dihydrolipoate concentration. Greater therapeutic efficacy in antioxidant treatment might be realized by employing combinations of complementary antioxidants. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Koenig, ML (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU F P GRAHAM PUBLISHING CO PI MOUNTAIN HOME PA PO BOX 370, MOUNTAIN HOME, TN 37684 USA SN 1029-8428 J9 NEUROTOX RES JI Neurotox. Res. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 265 EP 272 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 715RR UT WOS:000184986500004 PM 12835118 ER PT J AU Berti, R Williams, AJ Velarde, LC Moffett, JR Elliott, PJ Adams, J Yao, C Dave, JR Tortella, FC AF Berti, R Williams, AJ Velarde, LC Moffett, JR Elliott, PJ Adams, J Yao, C Dave, JR Tortella, FC TI Effect of the proteasome inhibitor MLN519 on the expression of inflammatory molecules following middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion in the rat SO NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE middle cerebral artery occlusion; inflammation; ischemia; stroke; MLN519; NF-kappa B; proteasome inhibition ID NF-KAPPA-B; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ISCHEMIC BRAIN-INJURY; INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA MESSENGER-RNA; CELL-ADHESION MOLECULES; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; REDUCES INFARCTION; LEUKOCYTE INFILTRATION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Anti-inflammatory treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MLN519 has been previously reported to be neuroprotective against ischemic brain injury in rats. These effects have been related to inhibition of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, which is activated through ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of MLN519 to alter the expression of several inflammatory genes under the control of NF-kappaB. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) followed by vehicle or MLN519 (1.0 mg/kg, i.v.) treatment immediately after reperfusion of blood to the brain at 2h. Gene expression was evaluated 3-72 h post-MCAo. The most striking effects of intravenous treatment with MLN519 were associated with reductions in ICAM-1 expression at 3 h followed by reductions in E-selectin (12-72 h). Less dramatic reductions were observed in IL-1beta (3-24h) and TNF-alpha (24 h) with no apparent effects on IL-6 and VCAM-1 mRNA levels. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the genes most dramatically affected by MLN519 had highest expression in endothelial cells and leukocytes (E-selectin, ICAM-1), indicating that these cell types may be the primary targets of intravenously delivered MLN519 treatment. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Combinato RX Inc, Boston, MA USA. Millenium Pharm, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Dave, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Jit.Dave@NA.AMEDD.ARMY.MIL RI Yao, Changping/B-3619-2011 NR 42 TC 25 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU F P GRAHAM PUBLISHING CO PI MOUNTAIN HOME PA PO BOX 370, MOUNTAIN HOME, TN 37684 USA SN 1029-8428 J9 NEUROTOX RES JI Neurotox. Res. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 7 BP 505 EP 514 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 764YB UT WOS:000188233300004 PM 14715434 ER PT S AU Ervin, MH Jones, KA Derenge, MA Zheleva, TS Wood, MC AF Ervin, MH Jones, KA Derenge, MA Zheleva, TS Wood, MC BE Chyi, JI Pearton, SJ Han, J Baca, AG Chang, WH TI In situ SEM observations and electrical measurements during the annealing of Si/Ni contacts to SiC SO NEW APPLICATIONS FOR WIDE-BANDGAP SEMICONDUCTORS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on New Applications for Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors CY APR 22-24, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Army Res Lab, Army Res Off, Sandia Natl Lab ID ION BACKSCATTERING; OHMIC CONTACTS AB Nickel (Ni) contacts to n-type silicon carbide (n-SiC) are annealed to similar to950degreesC in order to achieve their good ohmic properties through the reaction of the Ni with Si from the SiC to form nickel silicides. Unfortunately, the physical contact, and therefore the reliability, is poor. A possible cause is that the silicidation reaction liberates C from the SiC, which then diffuses throughout the contact. The reaction also produces a poor morphology and voids form at the metal-SiC interface. To try to understand the processes that produce the good electrical properties and at the same time improve the physical properties, we studied the reactions of Si/Ni contacts with 1:1 and 1:2 stoichiometric ratios as well as Ni-only contacts on n- and p-type SiC, both visually and electrically in situ using a hot stage and microprobe-equipped scanning electron microscope (SEM). The visual observations of the Ni-only film show that it does not react with the SiC until the temperature reaches 500-550degreesC. For the n-type SiC, the electrical measurements show a decrease in contact resistivity as the anneal temperature is increased from 500degreesC to 650degreesC. Increasing the anneal temperature further increases the resistivity until it begins to drop precipitously as the temperature approaches 950degreesC and higher. The visual observations of the Si/Ni contacts show that the Si and Ni are reacting at similar to600degreesC, with phases nucleating and then growing laterally. The electrical measurements for the n-type samples show that the contact resistance initially drops at 100-300degreesC indicating that there may be reactions, unseen by the SEM, at lower temperatures. The resistance continues to rise and fall over the intervening temperatures but begins to consistently and significantly fall at temperatures above 850degreesC, and then reaches ohmic values at 900-950degreesC. Because the silicidation reactions are seen to occur at temperatures far below those required to achieve ohmic properties, it is clear that silicide formation, while it may be necessary, is not sufficient for the formation of Ni-ohmic contacts to n-SiC. In this work, it has been observed that reaction of the Ni with the SiC appears to be necessary for achieving ohmic properties. While this may form a more intimate contact, it is proposed that damaging the SiC surface with this reaction is an important part of ohmic contact formation, possibly through increased current tunneling through interface defect states. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Ervin, MH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-701-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 764 BP 81 EP 86 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BX72X UT WOS:000186232700010 ER PT S AU Sahoo, SK Liu, W Samuelson, L Kumar, J Cholli, AL AF Sahoo, SK Liu, W Samuelson, L Kumar, J Cholli, AL BE Cheng, HN English, AD TI In-situ NMR spectroscopy to understand the mechanism of enzymatic polymerization of engineering polymeric materials: Poly(phenols) SO NMR SPECTROSCOPY OF POLYMERS IN SOLUTION AND IN THE SOLID STATE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on NMR Spectroscopy of Polymers in Solution and in the Solid State held at the 221st American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 03-05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc ID CATALYZED POLYMERIZATION; PEROXIDASE; PHENOL AB Coupling mechanism at the early stage of enzymatic polymerization of phenol and substituted phenol such as p-sulfonated phenol and p-cresol was investigated by in-situ H-1 NMR spectroscopy, The progress of the reaction was monitored in-situ with incremental addition Of H2O2. At the beginning, the reaction mixture contains mainly monomers along with low molecular weight oligomeric species such as dimers, trimers, etc. Except in the case of p-cresol, the consumption of monomers and dimers appeared to be a competing process at the later stage of polymerization. NMR data analysis allows structural identification of various dimers that are formed at the early stage of the reaction. In case of phenol, mixture of C-C and C-O-C coupled products are dominant from the beginning of the polymerization. In contrast, the enzymatic polymerization of p-sulfonated phenol shows the predominance of C-O-C coupling while C-C coupling is favored in the case of p-cresol. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Ctr Dev & Engn, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Sahoo, SK (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3808-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 834 BP 258 EP 269 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BW06U UT WOS:000180780000020 ER PT S AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, HE BE Kish, LB Green, F Iannaccone, G Vig, JR TI Quantum decoherence and qubit devices SO NOISE AND INFORMATION IN NANOELECTRONICS, SENSORS AND STANDARDS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Fluctuations and Noise CY JUN 01-04, 2003 CL SANTA FE, NM SP SPIE, Natl Semicond Corp, Fred Seitz Mat Res Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Telecommun Task Force DE quantum information processing; quantum computers; qubits; quantum decoherence; qubit devices; qubit persistence probability ID ERROR-CORRECTING CODES; NONCLASSICAL MOTIONAL STATES; TRAPPED ATOMIC IONS; SINGLE-COOPER-PAIR; NOISY CHANNELS; LOGIC GATES; OPTICAL IMPLEMENTATION; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTION; MASTER EQUATION; 2-STATE SYSTEM AB A plethora of qubit devices is under consideration for possible development ranging from quantum teleporters to quantum computers. The primary obstacle to the success of these efforts is the phenomenon of quantum decoherence, the rapid vanishing of the off-diagonal components of the reduced density matrix representing the computational degrees of freedom of the device. Following a review of the physics of quantum decoherence, several instructive examples are exposited. Decoherence issues associated with the various possible approaches to quantum computing are addressed. Also, possible generic methods are reviewed for surmounting the decoherence obstacle. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM hbrandt@lamp0.arl.army.mil NR 201 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4975-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2003 VL 5115 BP 308 EP 344 DI 10.1117/12.488482 PG 37 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BX08X UT WOS:000184242800033 ER PT B AU Green, WH Rupert, NL Wells, JM AF Green, WH Rupert, NL Wells, JM BE Green, RE Djordjevic, BB Hentschel, MP TI Investigating ballistic impact damage in lightweight ceramic armor materials using advanced computed tomography SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS XI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Nondestructive Characterization of Materials CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Deutsch Gesell Zerstor Freie Pruf e V AB Ballistic impact damage in lightweight, brittle armor ceramics consists of multiple, distributed, and frequently interconnected, cracks of varying sizes ranging from microns to millimeters. Three-dimensional (3-D) postmortem assessment of this type of damage in armor ceramic targets is a highly desirable yet difficult task. However, recent developments with the extensive application of the nondestructive technique of x-ray computed tomography, XCT, have offered a potential solution to this problem. Previously, only select areas of damage have been captured on two-dimensional (2-D) images from cross-sectioned and polished ceramic target samples. In this presentation, the authors give an overview of their research results utilizing XCT techniques to nondestructively reveal the internal meso-scale damage morphology within armor ceramic targets of TiC, TiB2, and SiC. These results demonstrate the innovative and powerful nature of this method in the 2-D and 3-D visualization of internal physical damage. The damage examined occurred in situ during high velocity ballistic impact of these ceramics in confined or encapsulated assemblies. Post-impact samples, which are not severely overmatched by the threat, retain sufficient intact ceramic to allow for such damage assessment by XCT characterization. Examples of in situ physical damage observed include traditional conical, radial and laminar cracking in impacted samples both with and without penetration. Additional observations reveal instances of outer edge radial cracks, periodic through-thickness laminar cracks, and concentric in-plane circular cracking "beach-marks". Examples of asymmetric mixed-type cracking damage isolation point clouds are also presented for improved 3-D visualization of complex internal damage conditions. Finally, the authors present the very informative and powerful visualization of "surfaced" damage point clouds, in this case surfaces of in-plane circular cracking beach-marks. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Green, WH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-40154-7 PY 2003 BP 251 EP 259 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science GA BX54E UT WOS:000185641800034 ER PT B AU Green, WH Rupert, NL Pergantis, CG AF Green, WH Rupert, NL Pergantis, CG BE Green, RE Djordjevic, BB Hentschel, MP TI Comparing thermography and X-ray computed tomography analyses of composite helmets SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS XI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Nondestructive Characterization of Materials CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Deutsch Gesell Zerstor Freie Pruf e V AB The coupling of x-ray computed tomography (XCT) established baselines with thermographic evaluation could result in a system of inspection for defective personnel protection components at the depot level by technicians with moderate training. XCT inspection was used to determine and define damage baselines within components. These baseline components were scanned using thermography to establish corresponding thermal images. A limited catalog of thermal patterns was compiled relating the thermal pattern to components suitability for use. At the depot level thermography units could scan personnel protection components and the resulting thermal images compared with cataloged thermal images to insure components viability. This will result in lower life cycle cost and higher effectiveness of personnel protection components. This paper addresses a cursory study into the feasibility of such an approach. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Green, WH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-40154-7 PY 2003 BP 591 EP 599 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science GA BX54E UT WOS:000185641800075 ER PT S AU Anastasi, RF Madaras, EI AF Anastasi, RF Madaras, EI BE Gyekenyesi, AL Shull, PJ TI Aging wire insulation assessment by phase spectrum examination of ultrasonic guided waves SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION AND HEALTH MONITORING OF AEROSPACE MATERIALS AND COMPOSITES II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring of Aerospace Materials and Composites II CY MAR 03-05, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE wire insulation; ultrasonic; guided waves; phase spectrum ID PROPAGATION; COMPOSITE AB Wire integrity has become an area of concern to the aerospace community including DoD, NASA, FAA, and Industry. Over time and changing environmental conditions, wire insulation can become brittle and crack. The cracks expose the wire conductor and can be a source of equipment failure, short circuits, smoke, and fire. The technique of using the ultrasonic phase spectrum to extract material properties of the insulation is being examined. Ultrasonic guided waves will propagate in both the wire conductor and insulation. Assuming the condition of the conductor remains constant then the stiffness of the insulator can be determined by measuring the ultrasonic guided wave velocity. In the phase spectrum method the guided wave velocity is obtained by transforming the time base waveform to the frequency domain and taking the phase difference between two waveforms. The result can then be correlated with a database, derived by numerical model calculations, to extract material properties of the wire insulator. Initial laboratory tests were performed on a simple model consisting of a solid cylinder and then a solid cylinder with a polymer coating. For each sample the flexural mode waveform was identified. That waveform was-then transformed to the frequency domain and a phase spectrum was calculated from a pair of waveforms. Experimental results on the simple model compared well to numerical calculations. Further tests were conducted on aircraft or mil-spec wire samples, to see if changes in wire insulation stiffness can be extracted using the phase spectrum technique. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USA,Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Directorate,AMSRL VT S, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Anastasi, RF (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USA,Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Directorate,AMSRL VT S, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4851-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5046 BP 212 EP 218 DI 10.1117/12.484098 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BX45D UT WOS:000185330400023 ER PT J AU Taylor, AJ Wong, H Wish, K Carrow, J Bell, D Bindeman, J Watkins, T Lehmann, T Bhattarai, S O'Malley, PG AF Taylor, Allen J. Wong, Henry Wish, Karen Carrow, Jon Bell, Debulon Bindeman, Jody Watkins, Tammy Lehmann, Trudy Bhattarai, Saroj O'Malley, Patrick G. TI Validation of the MEDFICTS dietary questionnaire: A clinical tool to assess adherence to American Heart Association dietary fat intake guidelines SO NUTRITION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Background: Dietary assessment tools are often too long, difficult to quantify, expensive to process, and largely used for research purposes. A rapid and accurate assessment of dietary fat intake is critically important in clinical decision-making regarding dietary advice for coronary risk reduction. We assessed the validity of the MEDFICTS (MF) questionnaire, a brief instrument developed to assess fat intake according to the American Heart Association (AHA) dietary "steps". Methods: We surveyed 164 active-duty US Army personnel without known coronary artery disease at their intake interview for a primary prevention cardiac intervention trial using the Block food frequency (FFQ) and MF questionnaires. Both surveys were completed on the same intake visit and independently scored. Correlations between each tools' assessment of fat intake, the agreement in AHA step categorization of dietary quality with each tool, and the test characteristics of the MF using the FFQ as the gold standard were assessed. Results: Subjects consumed a mean of 36.0 +/- 13.0% of their total calories as fat, which included saturated fat consumption of 13.0 +/- 0.4%. The majority of subjects (125/164; 76.2%) had a high fat (worse than AHA Step 1) diet. There were significant correlations between the MF and the FFQ for the intake of total fat (r = 0.52, P < 0.0001) and saturated fat (r = 0.52, P < 0.0001). Despite these modest correlations, the currently recommended MF cutpoints correctly identified only 29 of 125 (23.3%) high fat (worse than AHA Step 1) diets. Overall agreement for the AHA diet step between the FFQ and MF (using the previously proposed MF score cutoffs of 0-39 [AHA Step 2], 40-70 [Step 1], and > 70 [high fat diet]) was negligible (kappa statistic = 0.036). The MF was accurate at the extremes of fat intake, but could not reliably identify the 3 AHA dietary classifications. Alternative MF cutpoints of < 30 (Step 2), 30-50 (Step 1), and > 50 (high fat diet) were highly sensitive (96%), but had low specificity (46%) for a high fat diet. ROC curve analysis identified that a MF score cutoff of 38 provided optimal sensitivity 75% and specificity 72%, and had modest agreement ( kappa = 0.39, P < 0.001) with the FFQ for the identification of subjects with a high fat diet. Conclusions: The MEDFICTS questionnaire is most suitable as a tool to identify high fat diets, rather than discriminate AHA Step 1 and Step 2 diets. Currently recommended MEDFICTS cutpoints are too high, leading to overestimation of dietary quality. A cutpoint of 38 appears to be providing optimal identification of patients who do not meet AHA dietary guidelines for fat intake. C1 [Taylor, Allen J.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [O'Malley, Patrick G.] Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA USA. [Wish, Karen] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gen Internal Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Wong, Henry; Carrow, Jon; Bell, Debulon; Bindeman, Jody; Watkins, Tammy; Lehmann, Trudy; Bhattarai, Saroj] Syst Assessment & Res Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Taylor, AJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM allen.taylor@na.amedd.army.mil; yu.wong@na.amedd.army.mil; karen.wish@se.amedd.army.mil; harold.carrow@na.amedd.army.mil; allen.taylor@na.amedd.army.mil; jody.bindeman@na.amedd.army.mil; tammy.watkins@na.amedd.army.mil; trudy.lehmann@na.amedd.army.mil; saroj.bhattarai@na.amedd.army.mil; patrick.omalley@na.amedd.army.mil NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2891 J9 NUTR J JI Nutr. J. PY 2003 VL 2 AR 4 DI 10.1186/1475-2891-2-4 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA V40MC UT WOS:000209481700004 PM 12852791 ER PT J AU Merseburger, AS Kuczyk, MA Serth, J Bokemeyer, C Young, DY Sun, L Connelly, RR McLeod, DG Mostofi, FK Srivastava, SK Stenzl, A Moul, JW Sesterhenn, IA AF Merseburger, AS Kuczyk, MA Serth, J Bokemeyer, C Young, DY Sun, L Connelly, RR McLeod, DG Mostofi, FK Srivastava, SK Stenzl, A Moul, JW Sesterhenn, IA TI Limitations of tissue microarrays in the evaluation of focal alterations of bcl-2 and p53 in whole mount derived prostate tissues SO ONCOLOGY REPORTS LA English DT Article DE prostate; cancer; radical prostatectomy; tissue microarray; recurrence; p53; bcl-2 ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; TUMOR VOLUME; CANCER; CARCINOMA; EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS; RECURRENCE; GENE; PROGRESSION; THYMOCYTES AB Several investigators have reported the correlation of p53 and bcl-2 immunoreactivity with post operative prostate specific antigen (PSA) recurrence. Focal and or clustered expression is typical for these biomarkers. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of tissue microarrays to detect p53 and bcl-2 overexpression and their prognostic significance. Tissue microarrays (TMA) of 99 patients with mean follow-up of 61 months contained 760 samples from 241 carcinomas, 431 benign glands, and 88 foci of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Overexpression of p53 was seen in 43.3% of 97 patients, whereas bcl-2 overexpression was noted in 23.7% of 97 patients using TMA technology, compared to 66.0% and 26.9%, respectively in the corresponding radical prostatectomy samples. The tissue microarray technology is a powerful tool to study the multifocal and heterogeneous nature of prostate cancer. However, the prognostic value of p53 and bcl-2 could not be confirmed using this technology in contrast to radical prostatectomy sections. The TMA technique is probably more informative and reliable in evaluating the prognostic value of homogeneously expressed biomarkers. C1 Univ Hannover, Sch Med, Dept Urol, D-30625 Hannover, Germany. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Genitourinary Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, CPDR, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Tubingen, Dept Hematol Oncol, D-30172 Tubingen, Germany. Univ Tubingen, Dept Urol, D-30172 Tubingen, Germany. RP Kuczyk, MA (reprint author), Univ Hannover, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Carl Neuberg Str 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany. NR 31 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROFESSOR D A SPANDIDOS PI ATHENS PA 1, S MERKOURI ST, EDITORIAL OFFICE,, ATHENS 116 35, GREECE SN 1021-335X J9 ONCOL REP JI Oncol. Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 10 IS 1 BP 223 EP 228 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 625NP UT WOS:000179822800039 PM 12469173 ER PT J AU Goldberg, AC Kennerly, SW Little, JW Shafer, TA Mears, CL Schaake, HF Winn, M Taylor, M Uppal, PN AF Goldberg, AC Kennerly, SW Little, JW Shafer, TA Mears, CL Schaake, HF Winn, M Taylor, M Uppal, PN TI Comparison of HgCdTe and quantum-well infrared photodetector dual-band focal plane arrays SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE focal plane arrays; quantum wells; photocletectors ID PHOTOCONDUCTIVE GAIN; PERFORMANCE; DETECTORS AB We report on results of laboratory and field tests of dual-band focal plane arrays (FPAs) in the medium-wave infrared (MWIR) and longwave infrared (LWIR), produced under the Army Research Laboratory's Multiclomain Smart Sensor Federated Laboratory program. The FPAs were made by DRS Infrared Technologies using the HgCdTe material system, and by BAE Systems using quantum-well infrared photodetector (QWIP) technology. The HgCdTe array used the DRS HDVIPTM process to bond two single-color detector structures to a 640X480-pixel singlecolor readout integrated circuit (ROIC) to produce a dual-band 320 X 240 pixel array. The MWIR and LWIR pixels are co-located and have a large fill factor. The images from each band may be read out either sequentially (alternating frames) or simultaneously. The alternating frame approach must be used to produce optimal imagery in both bands under normal background conditions. The QWIP FPA was produced using Ill-V materials grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE). The LWIR section consisted of GaAs quantum wells and AlGaAs barriers, and the MWIR section used InGaAs quantum wells with AlGaAs barriers. The detector arrays were processed with three ohmic contacts for each pixel, allowing for independent bias control over both the MWIR and LWIR sections. The arrays were indium bump-bonded to an ROIC (specifically designed for two-color operation), which puts out the imagery from both bands simultaneously. The ROIC has variable gain and windowing capabilities. Both FIPAs were tested under similar ambient conditions with similar optical components. The FPAs were subjected to a standard series of laboratory performance tests. The advantages and disadvantages of the two material systems for producing medium-format dual-band FPAs are discussed. (C) 2003 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. DRS Infrared Technol, Dallas, TX USA. BAE Syst, Nashua, NH 03060 USA. RP Goldberg, AC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 42 IS 1 BP 30 EP 46 DI 10.1117/1.1526106 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA 655BK UT WOS:000181531300006 ER PT S AU Ricklin, JC Davidson, FM AF Ricklin, JC Davidson, FM BE Kohnle, A Gonglewski, JD TI Bit error rate in a free-space laser communication system with a partially coherent signal beam SO OPTICS IN ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION AND ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems V CY SEP 24-27, 2002 CL AGIA PELAGIA, GREECE SP SPIE AB Average bit error rates in a free-space laser communication system can be reduced by the use of a partially (spatially) coherent transmitted signal beam. When the spatial coherence of the transmitted signal beam is reduced intensity fluctuations (scintillations) decrease, leading to a reduction in the bit error rate of the optical communication link. A model that offers a method for calculating optimal system performance with full consideration of the lognormal turbulent channel and source beam characteristics is described. The impact of atmospheric turbulence strength and degree of source coherence on the average bit error rate is examined. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI CN, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Ricklin, JC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI CN, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RI Davidson, Frederic /A-3273-2010 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4666-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4884 BP 95 EP 103 DI 10.1117/12.462635 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW57P UT WOS:000182447100012 ER PT S AU Alexander, TA Gillespie, JB Pellegrino, P Fell, N Wood, GL Salamo, G AF Alexander, TA Gillespie, JB Pellegrino, P Fell, N Wood, GL Salamo, G BE Blau, WJ Donegan, JF Duke, AF MacCraith, JA McMillan, ND OConnor, GM OMongain, E Toal, V McLaughlin, JA TI Near-infrared Surface-Enhanced-Raman-Scattering (SERS) mediated identification of single, optically trapped, bacterial spores SO OPTO-IRELAND 2002: OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics and Photonics Technologies and Applications CY SEP 05-06, 2002 CL GALWAY, IRELAND SP SPIE, Enterprise Ireland, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, IDA Ireland, Ind Res & Technol Unit, Natl Ctr Laser Appl, Natl Ctr Sensor Res, Natl Microelectr Res Ctr, Natl Univ Ireland Galway, NO Ireland Bioengn Ctr, Optron Ireland, Opt Soc Amer, Sci Fdn Ireland DE laser tweezer; Surface-Enhanced-Raman-Scattering (SERS); bacterial spores; Raman spectroscopy; near-infrared ID PARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; TWEEZERS; CELLS AB A novel methodology has been developed for the investigation of bacterial spores. Specifically, this method has been used to probe the spore coat composition of several Bacillus species. This technique may be useful in many applications; most notably, development of novel detection schemes toward potentially harmful biological agents. This method would also be useful as an ancillary environmental monitoring system where sterility is of importance (i.e., food preparation areas as well as invasive and minimally invasive medical applications). This unique detection scheme is based on the near-infrared (NIR) Surface-Enhanced-Raman-Scattering (SERS) from single, optically trapped, bacterial spores. The SERS spectra of several bacterial spores in aqueous media have been measured using SERS substrates based on 60-nm diameter gold colloids bound to 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane derivatized glass. The light from a 785-nm laser diode was used to capture/manipulate as well as simultaneously excite the SERS of an individual bacterial spore. The collected SERS spectra were examined for uniqueness and the applicability of this technique for the species identification of bacterial spores. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE EO, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Alexander, TA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE EO, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4657-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2003 VL 4876 BP 1121 EP 1129 DI 10.1117/12.463931 PN 1&2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BW56V UT WOS:000182425100124 ER PT J AU Bliese, PD AF Bliese, PD TI Modeling longitudinal and multilevel data: Practical issues, applied approaches, and specific examples SO ORGANIZATIONAL RESEARCH METHODS LA English DT Book Review C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20307 USA. RP Bliese, PD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20307 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1094-4281 J9 ORGAN RES METHODS JI Organ. Res. Methods PD JAN PY 2003 VL 6 IS 1 BP 132 EP 134 PG 3 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 630TW UT WOS:000180126400008 ER PT J AU Davidson, RA Travis, MT Bernier, RM AF Davidson, RA Travis, MT Bernier, RM TI Bruns-Garland syndrome - (diabetic amyotrophy) SO ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID DIETARY MYOINOSITOL; NEUROPATHY; RAT C1 Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA 30901 USA. RP Davidson, RA (reprint author), Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA 30901 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0147-7447 J9 ORTHOPEDICS JI Orthopedics PD JAN PY 2003 VL 26 IS 1 BP 87 EP 88 PG 2 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 635CK UT WOS:000180380100019 PM 12555842 ER PT J AU Schwenk, R Asher, LV Chalom, I Lanar, D Sun, PF White, K Keil, D Kester, KE Stoute, J Heppner, DG Krzych, U AF Schwenk, R Asher, LV Chalom, I Lanar, D Sun, PF White, K Keil, D Kester, KE Stoute, J Heppner, DG Krzych, U TI Opsonization by antigen-specific antibodies as a mechanism of protective immunity induced by Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein-based vaccine SO PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE opsonizing antibodies; malaria vaccine ID SPOROZOITES; MALARIA; CELLS; MACROPHAGES; EFFICACY; INVITRO AB Recently conducted trials involving the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (CS) protein-based RTS,S malaria vaccine yielded unprecedented protection against a challenge with infectious sporozoites (spzs). The RTS,S vaccine induced high titres of CS protein-specific antibodies (Abs) in many of the protected volunteers, but the contribution of these Abs to protection remains unknown. Because opsonization by Ab promotes the uptake and destruction of spzs by monocytes and macrophages in both rodent and primate malaria, we asked if the RTS,S-induced Abs have antigen-specific opsonizing activity. Screening plasma from a large number of subjects using spzs was impractical, therefore we developed an alternative assay based on cytofluorometry that allowed the detection of fluoresceinated-Ag-Ab complexes endocytosed by the FcR (+) THP-1 human monocyte line. The results showed that plasma samples from RTS,S-immunized subjects contained opsonizing CS protein-specific Abs and the endocytic activity of these Abs in protected subjects was significantly higher than in subjects who were susceptible to infection with spzs. We also demonstrated by electron microscopy that live spzs exposed to RTS,S-immune plasma could be internalized by the THP-1 cells. These results suggest that opsonization by CS protein-specific Abs might be one of the mechanisms that contributes to RTS,S-induced protective immunity. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Div CD&I, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Pathol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Hlth Profess, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Krzych, U (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Div CD&I, 503 robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011; Lanar, David/B-3560-2011 OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802; NR 19 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-9838 J9 PARASITE IMMUNOL JI Parasite Immunol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 25 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3024.2003.00495.x PG 9 WC Immunology; Parasitology SC Immunology; Parasitology GA 674TK UT WOS:000182651900003 PM 12753434 ER PT S AU Wikner, DA AF Wikner, DA BE Appleby, R Wikner, A Trebits, R Kurtz, JL TI Millimeter-wave radiometric measurements of a treeline and building for aircraft obstacle avoidance SO PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY VI AND RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology VI and Radar Sensor Technology VII CY APR 23-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE passive millimeter-wave imaging; buildings; treeline; collision avoidance AB Passive millimeter-wave (MMW) imagers have the potential to be used on low-flying aircraft for terrain-following / terrain-a voidance during low-visibility conditions. This potential exists because of the inherent nature of MMW radiation that allows it to penetrate many visible and IR obscurants such as fog, clouds, and smoke. The phenomenology associated with this application, however, has not been fully explored. Specifically, the radiometric signatures of the various obstacles that might be encountered during a low-altitude flight need to be thoroughly understood. The work described in this paper explores the 93-GHz passive signature of a deciduous treeline and a concrete/glass building. The data were taken from the roof of a 4-story building to simulate the view of a low-flying aircraft. The data were collected over many months with an ARL-built Stokes-vector radiometer. This radiometer is a single-beam system that raster scans over a scene to collect a calibrated 93-GHz image. The data show the effects of weather and tree lifecycle on the 93-GHz brightness temperature contrast between the horizon sky and the obstacles. For the case of trees, it is shown that the horizon sky brightness temperature is greater than that of the trees when the leaves are on because of the reflective properties of the leaves. This made the trees quite detectable to our system during the late spring, summer, and early fall. Concrete buildings are inherently low-contrast obstacles because their vertical nature reflects the horizon behind the sensor and can easily mimic the forward horizon sky. Solar loading can have a large effect on building signatures. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wikner, DA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4936-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5077 BP 7 EP 15 DI 10.1117/12.487901 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX48J UT WOS:000185394700002 ER PT S AU Tran, C Kirose, G Ranney, K AF Tran, C Kirose, G Ranney, K BE Appleby, R Wikner, A Trebits, R Kurtz, JL TI The impact of polarization and bandwidth on the performance of a real-aperture radar stationary detection algorithm SO PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY VI AND RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology VI and Radar Sensor Technology VII CY APR 23-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE prescreener; quadratic polynomial discriminator; polarization; bandwidth; look-averaging AB Detection of stationary targets with a real-aperture radar requires an algorithm that is a function of suitably defined features. The definition and values of these features are normally dependent on bandwidth, look-averaging, and polarization. Since the use of a fully polarimetric radar may not be feasible for low-cost radars on ground platforms, the goal of this effort is to investigate trade-offs between polarization and bandwidth. In this paper, we present prescreener and quadratic polynomial discriminator performance comparisons as a function of polarization, bandwidth, and look-averaging. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tran, C (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE RU, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4936-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5077 BP 121 EP 132 DI 10.1117/12.514782 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX48J UT WOS:000185394700015 ER PT S AU Khatri, H Ranney, K Nguyen, L AF Khatri, H Ranney, K Nguyen, L BE Appleby, R Wikner, A Trebits, R Kurtz, JL TI Influence of a strong radar reflector in the scene on the image formed by synthetic aperture radar using backprojection algorithm SO PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY VI AND RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology VI and Radar Sensor Technology VII CY APR 23-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE backprojection; synthetic aperture radar; artifacts AB When an image of an area on the ground is produced by applying a backprojection algorithm to data collected by a synthetic aperture radar with an ultra-wideband impulse waveform, image artifacts can occur due to any strong reflectors in the scene. These artifacts can obscure or influence the image of the area containing low-level reflectors that may be of interest. Herein, we examine the factors of the imaging geometry that leads to these artifacts or influences and propose a procedure for reducing them. We demonstrate the artifacts and the procedure to reduce them with the data collected by the ultra wideband radar of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Khatri, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4936-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5077 BP 145 EP 156 DI 10.1117/12.488643 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX48J UT WOS:000185394700017 ER PT S AU Khatri, H Koenig, F Innocenti, R Ranney, K AF Khatri, H Koenig, F Innocenti, R Ranney, K BE Appleby, R Wikner, A Trebits, R Kurtz, JL TI Adaptive system for detecting stationary targets with real-aperture radar SO PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY VI AND RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology VI and Radar Sensor Technology VII CY APR 23-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE detection; stationary target; neural network; genetic algorithm AB Trained algorithms are required for detecting stationary targets with practical real-beam radars. The parameters of these algorithms are unique to each site or clutter class. A problem arises when an algorithm trained on one clutter class is applied, perhaps inadvertently, to another class. In this case, the performance of the system can degrade to an unacceptable level. We have developed a system that adapts, online, the parameters of the algorithm to the encountered clutter type. This system consists of two neural networks - one for adapting the coefficients of the algorithm and the other for adapting the threshold level. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Khatri, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4936-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5077 BP 200 EP 214 DI 10.1117/12.488641 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX48J UT WOS:000185394700022 ER PT J AU Du, Q Ren, HS AF Du, Q Ren, HS TI Real-time constrained linear discriminant analysis to target detection and classification in hyperspectral imagery SO PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Article DE detection; classification; real-time processing; constrained linear discriminant analysis (CLDA); hyperspectral imagery AB In this paper, we present a constrained linear discriminant analysis (CLDA) approach to hyperspectral image detection and classification as well as its real-time implementation. The basic idea of CLDA is to design an optimal transformation matrix which can maximize the ratio of inter-class distance to intra-class distance while imposing the constraint that different class centers after transformation are along different directions such that different classes can be better separated. The solution turns out to be a constrained version of orthogonal subspace projection (OSP) implemented with a data whitening process. The CLDA approach can be applied to solve both detection and classification problems. In particular, by introducing color for display the classification is achieved with a single classified image where a pre-assigned color is used to display a specified class. The real-time implementation is also developed to meet the requirement of on-line image analysis when the immediate data assessment is critical. The experiments using HYDICE data demonstrate the strength of CLDA approach in discriminating the targets with subtle spectral difference. (C) 2002 Pattern Recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. USA, Edgewood Biol & Chem Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Du, Q (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, MSC 192, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. NR 13 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-3203 J9 PATTERN RECOGN JI Pattern Recognit. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 36 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 AR PII S0031-3203(02)00065-1 DI 10.1016/S0031-3203(02)00065-1 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 612XP UT WOS:000179101000001 ER PT J AU Cronin, TM AF Cronin, TM TI Visualizing concave and convex partitioning of 2D contours SO PATTERN RECOGNITION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE contour partitioning; shape; curvature; concavity; dominant points ID DOMINANT POINT DETECTION; SHAPE-ANALYSIS; POLYGONAL-APPROXIMATION; DIGITIZED-CURVES; PLANAR CURVES; PARTS; DECOMPOSITION; ALGORITHMS AB A new method based on parsing the concavity code is used to partition a digital contour into concave and convex sections. Innovative features of the technique include: (1) coerced two-state classification of every point into a concavity or a convexity; (2) linguistic explanation for each point's classification; (3) curvature validation via the residue (that portion of the boundary remaining after curvature extraction); (4) preservation of original contour shape; (5) symbolic logic methodology (no floating point operations); (6) parameter-free implementation; (7) linear time and space complexity. No other currently available contour partitioning method exhibits all of these features. The parser achieves two-state partitioning by implementing simple notions of cumulative curvature, vertex adjacency, shallow curvature absorption, and residue sharing. Concavities and convexities are color-coded to help disambiguate complex images such as topographic contour maps and radio frequency propagation plots. To gauge product quality, the observer may appeal visually to the residue for validation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, CECOM, RDEC, Warfare Directorate,AMSEL,RD,IW,BP, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Cronin, TM (reprint author), USA, CECOM, RDEC, Warfare Directorate,AMSEL,RD,IW,BP, Bldg 600, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8655 J9 PATTERN RECOGN LETT JI Pattern Recognit. Lett. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 24 IS 1-3 BP 429 EP 443 AR PII S0167-8655(02)00267-2 DI 10.1016/S0167-8655(02)00267-2 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 630KE UT WOS:000180105400039 ER PT B AU Shires, DR Henz, BJ AF Shires, DR Henz, BJ BE Arabnia, HR Mun, Y TI An object-oriented approach for parallel finite element analysis SO PDPTA'03: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications CY JUN 23-26, 2003 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE object-oriented programming; computational engineering; parallel computation; finite element method AB Scientific computing has historically been performed using simple, efficient languages supporting function-oriented design. This can be seen in the legacy codes written in FORTRAN 77 as well as the newer codes written in C and Fortran 90/95. However, these applications suffer the same problems found in other software written in this fashion. Code reuse is inefficient and prone to error, and changing or modifying the algorithms employed is a highly problematic and time-consuming operation. Accordingly, a new approach has been developed employing the object-oriented design methodology for a large class of computational engineering problems that use the finite element method. The framework has been designed to deliver portability, modularity, extensibility, and efficiency through parallelism. C1 USA, Res Lab, High Performance Comp Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Shires, DR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, High Performance Comp Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-45-9 PY 2003 BP 525 EP 531 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY08G UT WOS:000187549500077 ER PT B AU Cheng, JRC Plassmann, PE AF Cheng, JRC Plassmann, PE BE Arabnia, HR Mun, Y TI A software architecture for parallel particle tracking algorithms SO PDPTA'03: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications CY JUN 23-26, 2003 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE parallel particle tracking; software architecture; scientific computing; application programming interface; software tool AB Particle trucking methods are central to a wide spectrum of scientific computing applications. To support such applications, this paper presents a compact software architecture that can be used to interface parallel particle tracking software to computational mesh management systems. Proposed is the in-element particle tracking framework, which can enable most particle tracking applications and is supported by this software architecture. The use of the parallel software architecture is demonstrated through the implementation of two differential equation solvers, forward Euler and an implicit trapezoidal method, on a distributed unstructured computational mesh. A design goal of this software effort has been to interface to legacy software libraries, such as the Portable Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computing (PETSc) library and the Scalable Unstructured Mesh Algorithms and Applications (SUMAA3d), as well as application codes (e.g., FEMWATER). How this goal is achieved through a software architecture that specifies a lightweight functional interface that maintains the functionality required by particle-mesh methods is discussed. The utility of this system's use through its interface with different parallel programming environments written in C and Fortran is demonstrated. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Major Shared Resource Ctr, Informat Technol Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Cheng, JRC (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Major Shared Resource Ctr, Informat Technol Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-45-9 PY 2003 BP 656 EP 661 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY08G UT WOS:000187549500098 ER PT B AU Nguyen, BQ AF Nguyen, BQ BE Arabnia, HR Mun, Y TI An appraisal of the mobility of an agent application intended for resource-constrained environment SO PDPTA'03: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications CY JUN 23-26, 2003 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE mobile agents; sizes; transmission times AB Limited bandwidth available on wireless links requires that network applications generate less data traffic. A potential solution capable of meeting this requirement is mobile-agent technology that is often claimed as a highly suitable technology for wireless networks. A factor that influences the development of efficient applications of mobile agents is the amount of mobile-agent traffic, which affects the transmission time. The traffic is the traveling agents, whose sizes cannot be easily statically determined by counting the sizes of all of the executable code. Therefore, to obtain more accurate estimates of the amount of traffic, an empirical experiment was carried out to capture information about the sizes of the mobile agents utilized in an application intended for a low-bandwidth network environment. Some initial results of the experiment are reported in this paper, including the measured sizes of mobile agents and their required travel time between two computing platforms. The findings are then used to determine whether the mobility of agents would be appropriate for a very low-bandwidth environment. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nguyen, BQ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-45-9 PY 2003 BP 1003 EP 1006 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY08G UT WOS:000187549500152 ER PT B AU Davis, RL Henz, BJ Shires, DR AF Davis, RL Henz, BJ Shires, DR BE Arabnia, HR Mun, Y TI Performance evaluation of parallel sparse linear equation solvers for positive definite systems SO PDPTA'03: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications CY JUN 23-26, 2003 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE parallel processing; sparse linear equation solver; resin transfer molding; finite element method AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is currently developing a suite of parallel codes to model the liquid composite molding (LCM) manufacturing process. This software suite utilizes the finite element method in order to model the LCM process thus requiring the solution of sparse linear equations. Code profiles have revealed that, similar to other scientific computing codes, the majority of execution time is spent in solving the systems of linear equations. Accordingly, it is desirable to use the most efficient solver package or combination of packages available to quickly solve large sparse symmetric positive definite systems of equations as found in the LCM simulation software. A collection of linear equation solvers is being developed at ARL that the process simulation code accesses in order to automatically select the optimal solver for the given problem at runtime. The optimal solver is determined by considering factors such as architecture type, number of processors, matrix size and type, etc. This paper evaluates several different linear equation solver packages to determine their applicability to this and other unstructured grid problems. Several factors, including accuracy, error, scalability, and runtime, are analyzed and reported. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Davis, RL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-45-9 PY 2003 BP 1172 EP 1178 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY08G UT WOS:000187549500175 ER PT B AU Henz, BJ Shires, DR AF Henz, BJ Shires, DR BE Arabnia, HR Mun, Y TI Development and performance analysis of a parallel finite element application implemented in an object-orientated programming framework SO PDPTA'03: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications CY JUN 23-26, 2003 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE object-oriented programming; parallel processing; finite element method; resin transfer molding; software development ID SIMULATIONS AB The use of object-oriented programming techniques in the development of parallel, finite element analysis software enhances code reuse and makes application development more efficient. In this paper, an object-oriented programming framework developed by the authors is utilized in the implementation of a parallel finite element software for modeling of the resin transfer molding manufacturing process. The motivation for choosing the resin transfer molding finite element application and implementing it with the object-oriented framework is that it was originally developed and parallelized in a functional programming paradigm. Discussion of the software development effort and performance results are presented and analyzed. C1 US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Henz, BJ (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-45-9 PY 2003 BP 1286 EP 1292 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY08G UT WOS:000187549500193 ER PT J AU Hickey, P Piantanida, E Lentz-Kapua, S Kenner, J AF Hickey, P Piantanida, E Lentz-Kapua, S Kenner, J TI Neu-Laxova syndrome: A case report SO PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Neu-Laxova syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by microcephaly, limb contactures, lissencephaly and ichthyosis. A case of Neu-Laxova syndrome is presented, with a discussion of clinical manifestations, complications, and therapeutic interventions. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Hickey, P (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0736-8046 J9 PEDIATR DERMATOL JI Pediatr. Dermatol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 20 IS 1 BP 25 EP 27 DI 10.1046/j.1525-1470.2003.03005.x PG 3 WC Dermatology; Pediatrics SC Dermatology; Pediatrics GA 639ZR UT WOS:000180661200005 PM 12558841 ER PT J AU Kuperman, RG Checkai, RT Ruth, LM Henry, T Simini, M Kimmel, DG Phillips, CT Bradley, BP AF Kuperman, RG Checkai, RT Ruth, LM Henry, T Simini, M Kimmel, DG Phillips, CT Bradley, BP TI A proteome-based assessment of the earthworm Eisenia fetida: response to chemical warfare agents in a sandy loam soil SO PEDOBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology (ISEE7) CY SEP 01-06, 2002 CL CARDIFF, ENGLAND DE proteomics; chemical warfare agents; Eisenia fetida; protein expression signatures ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXPRESSION SIGNATURES; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; BIOMARKERS; STRESS; CELLS; COLI AB Proteins are known to respond rapidly when an organism is exposed to a toxicant and this response is consistent and unique to the xenobiotics. Induced and repressed proteins together create a specific signature that can be used to identify a toxic agent and its concentration in the environmental matrix, The resulting protein expression signature for each agent will include a small number of the most potent proteins, which can be used to detect the presence and determine the concentration of a toxicant. We exposed the earthworm Eisenia fetida to a range of concentrations of chemical warfare agents (CWA) HD (mustard) and VX (nerve agent) in a natural sandy loam soil. Results demonstrated specificity of protein signatures in response to HD and VX exposure in soil. This study also showed that protein patterns were specific for different concentrations of HD or VX in otherwise clean agent-amended soil. Several proteins were induced in all HD or VX concentrations tested suggesting the potential of identifying the key proteins for use in detection of HD or VX presence in soil regardless of their concentrations. The robustness of the proteome-based response to chemical exposure by soil biota needs to be further investigated by including determinations of protein patterns for chemicals in different soil types and in the presence of additional chemical stressors using variety of soil invertebrate models. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Kuperman, RG (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSRD ECB RT TE E5641,5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM roman.kuperman@us.army.mil RI Kuperman, Roman/D-4297-2009; Kimmel, David/A-9643-2012 OI Kimmel, David/0000-0001-7232-7801 NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0031-4056 J9 PEDOBIOLOGIA JI Pedobiologia PY 2003 VL 47 IS 5-6 BP 617 EP 621 DI 10.1016/S0031-4056(04)70245-0 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 767CB UT WOS:000188421700034 ER PT J AU Kuperman, RG Checkai, RT Simini, M Phillips, CT Kolakowski, JE Kurnas, CW Sunahara, GI AF Kuperman, RG Checkai, RT Simini, M Phillips, CT Kolakowski, JE Kurnas, CW Sunahara, GI TI Survival and reproduction of Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) in a natural sandy loam soil amended with the nitro-heterocyclic explosives RDX and HMX SO PEDOBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology (ISEE7) CY SEP 01-06, 2002 CL CARDIFF, ENGLAND DE explosives; soil; enchytraeid worm; toxicity; hormesis; Eco-SSL ID TOXICITY; PLANT; TNT AB Munition manufacturing, disposal, testing, training and other operations at military sites produced elevated levels of explosives and related materials in soil. The effects of these persistent and highly mobile in the environment energetic materials on soil biota have not been sufficiently investigated. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in conjunction with stakeholders, is developing Ecological Soil Screening Level (Eco-SSL) benchmarks for ecological risk assessment (ERA) of contaminants at Superfund sites to identify those contaminants in soil that warrant additional evaluation in a Baseline ERA, and to eliminate those that do not. Eco-SSLs are developed from literature values whenever sufficient quantity and quality of data exist. Insufficient data were available on the toxicity of energetic compounds, RDX and HMX, to soil invertebrates, necessitating toxicity testing. Tests were conducted under conditions preferred for Eco-SSL benchmarks, using a Sassafras sandy loam soil that supports relatively high bioavailability of test compounds. Toxicity testing was performed using enchytraeid reproduction test (ISO/16387 2001) measuring adult survival and juvenile production by the potworm Enchytraeus crypticus in freshly amended soil and weathered/aged amended soil. RDX or HMX had no effect on adult survival in the definitive tests in all treatment concentrations. Juvenile production EC20 values were 3,715 and 8,797 mg kg(-1) RDX in freshly amended and weathered/aged amended soils, respectively. Juvenile E. ctypticus production was not adversely affected by exposure to HMX in freshly amended and weathered/aged amended soils. Juvenile production was stimulated in freshly amended soil up to 21,750 mg kg(-1) HMX. Results of these toxicity studies will be submitted to the Eco-SSL Task Group for quality control review, and pending approval will be included in the Eco-SSL database for Eco-SSL derivation. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. RP Kuperman, RG (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSRD ECB RT TE E5641,5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM roman.kuperman@us.army.mil RI Kuperman, Roman/D-4297-2009 NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0031-4056 J9 PEDOBIOLOGIA JI Pedobiologia PY 2003 VL 47 IS 5-6 BP 651 EP 656 DI 10.1016/S0031-4056(04)70250-4 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 767CB UT WOS:000188421700039 ER PT J AU Simini, M Checkai, RT Kuperman, RG Phillips, CT Kolakowski, JE Kurnas, CW Sunahara, GI AF Simini, M Checkai, RT Kuperman, RG Phillips, CT Kolakowski, JE Kurnas, CW Sunahara, GI TI Reproduction and survival of Eisenia fetida in a sandy loam soil amended with the nitro-heterocyclic explosives RDX and HMX SO PEDOBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology (ISEE7) CY SEP 01-06, 2002 CL CARDIFF, ENGLAND DE explosives; soil; earthworm; toxicity; Eco-SSL ID TOXICITY; PLANT AB Munitions manufacturing, disposal, testing, training and other operations at military sites have produced elevated levels of explosives and related materials in soil. Insufficient data were available on the toxicity of the explosives, RDX and HMX to soil invertebrates, necessitating toxicity testing. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in conjunction with stakeholders, is developing Ecological Soil Screening Level (Eco-SSL) benchmarks for ecological risk assessment (ERA) of contaminants at Superfund sites to identify those contaminants in soil that warrant additional evaluation in a baseline ERA, and to eliminate those that do not. Eco-SSLs are developed from literature values whenever sufficient quantity and quality of data exist.Tests were conducted under conditions preferred for Eco-SSL benchmarks, using a sandy loam soil that supports relatively high bioavailability of test compounds. Earthworm (Eisenia fetida) toxicity was assessed using a standardized earthworm reproduction test in freshly amended soil and weathered/aged amended soil. RDX or HMX had no effect on adult survival. Cocoon production EC20 values for RDX were 1.2 and 19 mg kg(-1) in freshly amended and weathered/aged soils, respectively. Juvenile production EC20 values were 1.6 and 4.8 mg kg(-1) in freshly amended and,weathered/aged soils, respectively. Cocoon production and juvenile production EC20 values for HMX were 2.7 and 0.4 mg kg(-1) in freshly amended soil. Both cocoon production and juvenile production in weathered/aged HMX treated soils were not significantly different (p > 0.05) from control soils. Results of these toxicity studies will be submitted to the Eco-SSL Task Group and will be included in the Eco-SSL database for Eco-SSL derivation. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. RP Simini, M (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSRD ECB RT TE E5641,5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM Mike.simini@sbccom.apgea.army.mil RI Kuperman, Roman/D-4297-2009 NR 12 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 6 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0031-4056 J9 PEDOBIOLOGIA JI Pedobiologia PY 2003 VL 47 IS 5-6 BP 657 EP 662 DI 10.1016/S0031-4056(04)70251-6 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 767CB UT WOS:000188421700040 ER PT J AU Dooley, DR Tyler, JR Wortham, WG Harrison, LS Starnes, WF Collins, GR Ozuna, IS Violet, PL Ward, JA AF Dooley, DR Tyler, JR Wortham, WG Harrison, LS Starnes, WF Collins, GR Ozuna, IS Violet, PL Ward, JA TI Prolonged stability of antimicrobial activity in peritoneal dialysis solutions SO PERITONEAL DIALYSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial activity; antibiotic; vancomycin; gentamicin; ceftazidime ID TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS; VANCOMYCIN; GENTAMICIN; UPDATE AB Objective: To evaluate the stability of the antimicrobial chemical and bioactivity of gentamicin, vancomycin, and gentamicin and vancomycin in combination, and the stability of the bioactivity of ceftazidime, admixed in standard peritoneal dialysis solutions and then maintained over a 14-day period at room temperature or under refrigeration. Setting: Peritoneal dialysis center and microbiology laboratory at a military, teaching medical center. Measurements: Standard peritoneal dialysate bags admixed with gentamicin, vancomycin, gentamicin and vancomycin in combination, or ceftazidime were stored at either 4degreesC or 20degreesC for 14 days. Sequential aliquots were withdrawn and assayed for antibiotic activity by bloassay and, except for ceftazidime, immunoassay for chemical activity. The bioassay was performed using a standardized Kirby-Bauer disc method. Significance was determined by ANOVA and, where the effect size was significant at the p < 0.05 level, the application of the paired t-test or the Wilcoxon signed rank test to the difference in activity between the first and last samples. Results: Antibiotic concentration by immunoassay did not significantly deteriorate over 14 days for vancomycin or gentamicin when either room temperature or refrigerated samples were studied. By bloassay, gentamicin and ceftazidime, but not vancomycin, lost moderate but significant activity over 14 days when refrigerated bags were assayed (except for an insignificant decrement in gentamicin in the combined vancomycin and gentamicin bags). Bags stored at room temperature, in general, lost significant bioactivity over 14 days, but to levels where clinical efficacy would still be expected. The vancomycin bioassay performed on the combination bags demonstrated a remarkably enhanced bioactivity, presumably reflecting synergy with gentamicin. Conclusion: These data indicate that the study antibiotics admixed with peritoneal dialysis fluids retain stable chemical activity, whether refrigerated or kept at room temperature, for at least 14 days. A moderate decrement in bioactivity occurred for study antibiotics when stored either refrigerated or at room temperature over 14 days, although clinically significant levels were maintained. The clinical significance of a possible synergy between vancomycin and gentamicin is yet to be determined. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Dooley, DR (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, 8705 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU MULTIMED INC PI TORONTO PA 66 MARTIN ST, TORONTO, ON L9T 2R2, CANADA SN 0896-8608 J9 PERITON DIALYSIS INT JI Perit. Dial. Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 58 EP 62 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 657BZ UT WOS:000181646700008 PM 12691508 ER PT B AU Arcone, SA Delaney, AJ AF Arcone, SA Delaney, AJ BE Phillips, M Springman, SM Arenson, LU TI Radiowave pulse refraction and ground wave propagation through permafrost and the active layer SO PERMAFROST, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Permafrost CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SP Int Permafrost Assoc, European Sci Fdn, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, Int Glaciol Soc, Int Soc Soil Mech & Geotech Engn, PACE21, Swiss Acad Sci, SANW, Geoforum Switzerland, SANW, Glaciol Commiss, SANW, Swiss Geomorphol Soc, Swiss Acad Engn Sci, Swiss Agcy Dev & Cooperat, Airbornescan, BHP Billiton Diamonds, Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Geobrugg Fatzer Protect Syst, Helibernina, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geotech Engn, Migros Culture Percentage, Solexperts, Stump Bohr Drilling Co, Swiss Alpine Club, Swiss Cablecars, Swiss Fed Inst Snow & Avalanche Res, Swiss Fed Off Water & Geol, Swiss Natl Cooperat Disposal Radioact Waste, Swiss Platform Nat Hazards AB The interpretation of active layer and permafrost depths from ground-penetrating radar profiles requires knowledge of the material radiowave speeds, which can be derived from reflection and refraction events in offset profiles. We used offset profiles with pulses centered near 40, 70, and 330 MHz to find the nature of these events in alluvial permafrost with a I-m-thick thawed active layer of mainly silt near saturation. The high permittivity and thickness of the active layer permitted ray-type propagation through it, and nondispersive refraction and reflection excitations in the permafrost. The dielectric constants calculated from these events were about 36 for the active layer and about 5.3-5.7 for the permafrost, in keeping with previous studies. The apparently greater than 65 in of propagation for the 40-MHz refractions are consistent with the high permafrost resistivity. The similar wavespeeds at different frequencies and the consistent waveforms show nondispersive refraction propagation. The depths to which refractions sense permafrost properties and limitations to the technique are discussed. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Arcone, SA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-582-7 PY 2003 BP 21 EP 25 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BX35T UT WOS:000185049300005 ER PT B AU Henry, KS Holtz, RD AF Henry, KS Holtz, RD BE Phillips, M Springman, SM Arenson, LU TI Simulating soil freezing conditions in the laboratory SO PERMAFROST, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Permafrost CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SP Int Permafrost Assoc, European Sci Fdn, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, Int Glaciol Soc, Int Soc Soil Mech & Geotech Engn, PACE21, Swiss Acad Sci, SANW, Geoforum Switzerland, SANW, Glaciol Commiss, SANW, Swiss Geomorphol Soc, Swiss Acad Engn Sci, Swiss Agcy Dev & Cooperat, Airbornescan, BHP Billiton Diamonds, Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Geobrugg Fatzer Protect Syst, Helibernina, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geotech Engn, Migros Culture Percentage, Solexperts, Stump Bohr Drilling Co, Swiss Alpine Club, Swiss Cablecars, Swiss Fed Inst Snow & Avalanche Res, Swiss Fed Off Water & Geol, Swiss Natl Cooperat Disposal Radioact Waste, Swiss Platform Nat Hazards AB We used a simplified energy balance to estimate the net heat flux from pavements that have been monitored for frost heave and frost penetration. The pavements are located in Finland, Sweden and the United States and represent a variety of climatic zones. A comparison of the thermal conditions experienced in the field to thermal conditions typically used in soil freezing tests indicates that freezing tests are often conducted at rates of heat extraction and temperature gradients that are high compared to those in the field. While this may be acceptable for frost-susceptibility index tests, some research requires a closer simulation of the thermal conditions experienced in the field. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. RP Henry, KS (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-582-7 PY 2003 BP 377 EP 382 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BX35T UT WOS:000185049300068 ER PT B AU Kopczynski, SE Lawson, DE Arcone, SA Snyder, CF AF Kopczynski, SE Lawson, DE Arcone, SA Snyder, CF BE Phillips, M Springman, SM Arenson, LU TI Predicting the extent of discontinuous permafrost and affiliated ground water aquifers SO PERMAFROST, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Permafrost CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SP Int Permafrost Assoc, European Sci Fdn, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, Int Glaciol Soc, Int Soc Soil Mech & Geotech Engn, PACE21, Swiss Acad Sci, SANW, Geoforum Switzerland, SANW, Glaciol Commiss, SANW, Swiss Geomorphol Soc, Swiss Acad Engn Sci, Swiss Agcy Dev & Cooperat, Airbornescan, BHP Billiton Diamonds, Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Geobrugg Fatzer Protect Syst, Helibernina, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geotech Engn, Migros Culture Percentage, Solexperts, Stump Bohr Drilling Co, Swiss Alpine Club, Swiss Cablecars, Swiss Fed Inst Snow & Avalanche Res, Swiss Fed Off Water & Geol, Swiss Natl Cooperat Disposal Radioact Waste, Swiss Platform Nat Hazards AB Hydrocarbon spills at a former tank farm on Fort Wainwright, near Fairbanks Alaska, required a delineation of the contaminant pathways in aquifers within discontinuous permafrost. Ground water flow is complicated by large, irregularly shaped and impermeable bodies of frozen alluvial sediment that create aquifers that are of irregular dimension and hydraulically interconnected above and below the permafrost. Both natural and anthropogenic disturbances form isolated or interconnected unfrozen zones, further complicating the potential patterns of ground water flow and contaminant migration. Geophysical investigations coupled with borehole geologic information provide the basic data on the configuration and dimensions of the active layer, suprapermafrost and subpermafrost aquifers, and the perennially frozen materials. These data were synthesized in a three-dimensional model of the permafrost and aquifer distributions using the software "EarthVision". This model is the geologic framework for on-going site characterization and contaminant remediation. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Kopczynski, SE (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-582-7 PY 2003 BP 595 EP 599 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BX35T UT WOS:000185049300105 ER PT S AU Katsis, DC vanWyk, JD AF Katsis, DC vanWyk, JD GP IEEE IEEE TI A finite element modeling of dynamic hot spot effects in MOSFET dies due to voiding in the solder die-attach SO PESC'03: 2003 IEEE 34TH ANNUAL POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE RECORDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference CY JUN 15-19, 2003 CL ACAPULCO, MEXICO SP IEEE, IEEE PELS ID DEVICES AB Large area die-attach defects have been shown to increase the thermal impedance of power semiconductor devices. Further observations have shown hotspots in the silicon die due to voids in the die-attach. Experimental measurements for devices with various levels of die-attach void growth are presented. This data is then correlated with finite element thermal modeling to improve the estimate of peak die temperature for voided semiconductor devices. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,DP, Adelphi, MD 20742 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,DP, 2800 Power Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20742 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0275-9306 BN 0-7803-7754-0 J9 IEEE POWER ELECTRON PY 2003 BP 828 EP 833 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BX16Z UT WOS:000184497900131 ER PT J AU Zapata, A Gasior, M Geter-Douglass, B Tortella, FC Newman, AH Witkin, JM AF Zapata, A Gasior, M Geter-Douglass, B Tortella, FC Newman, AH Witkin, JM TI Attenuation of the stimulant and convulsant effects of cocaine by 17-substituted-3-hydroxy and 3-alkoxy derivatives of dextromethorphan SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE sigma-1; NMDA; PCP; dextromethorphan; cocaine; locomotor activity; seizures ID HIGH-AFFINITY DEXTROMETHORPHAN; SIGMA-RECEPTOR LIGANDS; D-ASPARTATE ANTAGONIST; LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY; RAT-BRAIN; INDUCED TOXICITY; N-DEMETHYLATION; BINDING-SITES; MICE; PROFILE AB Pharmacological evidence has suggested a role for both sigma and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the behavioral stimulant effects of cocaine and its convulsant effects observed at higher doses. A series of dextromethorphan (DM) analogs with a range of affinities for sigma-1 binding sites and for the NMDA receptor ion channel were used to explore the contribution of these two mechanisms in controlling the stimulant and convulsant effects of cocaine. These compounds were potent and efficacious blockers of both stimulant and convulsant effects produced by acute cocaine administration in mice (cocaine 10 or 75 mg/kg ip, for locomotor activity or convulsions, respectively). Generally, the DM analogs blocked these effects of cocaine at doses that did not display ataxic and sedative side effects as measured in the inverted screen test. In contrast to the high-affinity NMDA blockers, (+)-MK-801 (dizocilpine) and dextrorphan (DX), DM and analogs did not stimulate locomotor activity. There was no significant correlation between the affinities of the DM analogs for the sigma-1 or the phencyclidine (PCP) binding site and their potencies to produce behavioral effects on their own or to attenuate the behavioral or toxic effects of cocaine. The present study has identified a series of agents that have cocaine-blocking effects that appear to be distinct from that of classical sigma-1 receptor ligands and that of traditional uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists. These findings point to potentially novel pharmacological strategies for blocking cocaine stimulant and toxic effects. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIDA, Drug Dev Grp, Intramural Res Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neuropharmacol & Mol Biol, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD USA. NIDA, Med Chem Sect, Intramural Res Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Zapata, A (reprint author), NIDA, Drug Dev Grp, Intramural Res Program, NIH, 5500 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 74 IS 2 BP 313 EP 323 AR PII S0091-3057(02)01000-6 DI 10.1016/S0091-3057(02)01000-6 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 633JR UT WOS:000180280600008 PM 12479950 ER PT J AU Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Rossman, DI Wagner, WG Durst, HD AF Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Rossman, DI Wagner, WG Durst, HD TI Trifluoromethylthiolation of N,O-bis-(trimethylsilyl)acetamide SO PHOSPHORUS SULFUR AND SILICON AND THE RELATED ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE mon- and bis-thiolated products; NMR and mass spectra; silylacetamide; trifluoromethylthiolation ID SILYL ENOL ETHERS; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; GRIGNARD-REAGENTS; PERFLUOROALKYL; ALDEHYDES; FLUORINE; SULFIDES AB The treatment of N,O-bis-(trimethylsilyl)acetamide with trifluoromethyl-sulfenyl chloride furnishes N-mono- and di-trifluoromethylthiolated acetamides. C1 Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Munavalli, S (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, POB 68, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM sxmunava@sbccom.apgea.army.mil NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-6507 J9 PHOSPHORUS SULFUR JI Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 178 IS 1 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1080/10426500390170237 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 642FR UT WOS:000180794000010 ER PT J AU Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Durst, HD AF Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Durst, HD TI Unusual reaction of H-dimethylphosphonate SO PHOSPHORUS SULFUR AND SILICON AND THE RELATED ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE 1-cyclohexenyl-1-dimethylphosphonate; 1-nitro-1-cyclohexene; H-dimethylphosphonate; N,N-dimethylaniline ID OXIDATION AB Reaction of H-dimethylphosphonate with 1-nitro-1-cyclohexene furnishes N,N-dimethylaniline and 1-cyclohexenyl dimethylphosphonate. C1 Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Munavalli, S (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, POB 68, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-6507 J9 PHOSPHORUS SULFUR JI Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 178 IS 1 BP 115 EP 118 DI 10.1080/10426500390170246 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 642FR UT WOS:000180794000011 ER PT J AU Gies, P Roy, C McLennan, A Pailthorpe, M Hilfiker, R Osterwalder, U Monard, B Moseley, H Sliney, D Wengraitis, S Wong, J Human, S Bilimis, Z Holmes, G AF Gies, P Roy, C McLennan, A Pailthorpe, M Hilfiker, R Osterwalder, U Monard, B Moseley, H Sliney, D Wengraitis, S Wong, J Human, S Bilimis, Z Holmes, G TI Ultraviolet protection factors for clothing: An intercomparison of measurement systemsil SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UV PROTECTION; IN-VITRO; RADIATION; FABRICS; VIVO AB In recent years the need to standardize measurement protocols for quantifying the degree of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) protection provided by clothing has led to the introduction of a number of standards around the world. To date, these standards have specified spectral measurements of UVR transmission by clothing and fabrics. Development of a standard test method has become an important part of the testing process, and this article presents results from an intercomparison involving 10 independent testing laboratories and 11 different UVR transmission measurement instruments. In addition to comparing the measured ultraviolet protection factors (UPF), this intercomparison also incorporates detailed scan results from all 10 laboratories and highlights differences in performance of the various instruments in different wavelength regions. Careful examination of these differences can indicate where changes to the systems could be made to allow improvements both in equipment performance and in agreement of the final results. The variability in the measurements of UPF in this study suggest that the protection categories in standards may need to be broadened. C1 ARPANSA, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Dept Text Technol, Sydney, NSW, Australia. CIBA Res Serv, Basel, Switzerland. NMLSA, Natl Metrol Lab, Pretoria, South Africa. UDPMP, Dundee, Scotland. USA, CHPPM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. QUT, Sch Phys, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. TNSA, Technikon Natal Ackermann Labs, Durban, South Africa. VAPL, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. SCFA, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Gies, P (reprint author), ARPANSA, Lower Plenty Rd, Yallambie, Vic 3085, Australia. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 77 IS 1 BP 58 EP 67 DI 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)077<0058:UPFFCA>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 637LD UT WOS:000180511800011 PM 12856884 ER PT S AU Zhou, WM Weiss, S AF Zhou, WM Weiss, S BE Eldada, LA Pirich, AR Repak, PL Chen, RT Chon, JC TI A low cost optical controlled phased array antenna with optical true time delay generation SO PHOTONIC INTEGRATED SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Integrated Systems CY JAN 28-30, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE photonic phased array antenna; optical true time delay; RF photonics AB We have designed and demonstrated a low cost microwave-photonic phased-array antenna with a novel, simplified 16-channel optical true-time-delay array generator for microwave beamforming/steering. The true-time-delay array generator is built with simple optical path duplication architecture eliminating the need for optical switches, 1xN splitters, multiple lasers or Wavelength Division Multiplexing devices. Therefore, the cost is reduced by orders of magnitude as compared with other designs in the literature. To make a low cost demonstration, we have first fabricated the true-time-delay generator using free-space optics having mechanical displacement which can provide continuous time delays and power distribution for the array in the optical domain. A commercial 3 GHz laser transmitter and 16 photodetectors are used for optical-microwave link/transformation. The phased-array antenna has demonstrated a continuous scan/steering from -45degrees to 45degrees with reduced side lobes using a Dolph-Tschbyscheff array power distribution. As such, it provides an immediate solution, for the first time, to fabricate a realistic prototype photonic phased array antenna with a realistic price. We are also working on a long term solution which is to miniaturize the true-time-delay array generator by using optical MEMS technology and photonic bandgap structures so that our future true-time-delay array generator can be built in chip scale. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL SE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhou, WM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL SE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4798-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4998 BP 133 EP 138 DI 10.1117/12.475797 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BX18L UT WOS:000184544000014 ER PT J AU Barish, KN Batsouli, S Bennett, SJ Bertaina, M Chikanian, A Cormier, TM Fachini, P Fadem, B Feng, SQ Finch, LE George, NK Greene, SV Haridas, P Hill, JC Hirsch, AS Hoversten, R Huang, HZ Jaradat, H Lainis, T Lajoie, JG Li, Q Liu, LS Long, H Maguire, C Majka, RD Miller, TE Munhoz, MG Nagle, JL Petridis, A Pless, IA Porile, NT Pruneau, CA Rabin, MSZ Reid, JD Rose, A Sandweiss, J Scharenberg, RP Slaughter, AJ Tai, A Van Buren, G Wohn, FK Xu, Z Yamamoto, E AF Barish, KN Batsouli, S Bennett, SJ Bertaina, M Chikanian, A Cormier, TM Fachini, P Fadem, B Feng, SQ Finch, LE George, NK Greene, SV Haridas, P Hill, JC Hirsch, AS Hoversten, R Huang, HZ Jaradat, H Lainis, T Lajoie, JG Li, Q Liu, LS Long, H Maguire, C Majka, RD Miller, TE Munhoz, MG Nagle, JL Petridis, A Pless, IA Porile, NT Pruneau, CA Rabin, MSZ Reid, JD Rose, A Sandweiss, J Scharenberg, RP Slaughter, AJ Tai, A Van Buren, G Wohn, FK Xu, Z Yamamoto, E TI Measurement of leading Lambda's and Delta(++)'s in p+Pb collisions at 19 GeV/c SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; BARYON NUMBER; MODEL; CENTRALITY AB We present the first comprehensive measurement of leading Lambda's and Delta(++)'s in p+Pb collisions at 19 GeV/c using the E941/E864 spectrometer at the AGS. In comparison with the measurement of leading protons and neutrons using the same spectrometer, it is found that the cross section for baryon flavor change is large and strongly depends on rapidity, which is very different from the expectation of simple diquark-quark fragmentation of the incident proton. A suppression of leading Lambda production in the forward rapidity region compared with nonstrange leading baryons is also observed. The relative probability of the projectile proton fragmentation into a Delta(++) versus into a neutron is found to be about 35% in the region of 2.7less than or equal toyless than or equal to3.1. We will discuss the impact of these results on the dynamics of baryon fragmentation and baryon number transport in nuclear collisions. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Columbia Univ, Nevis Lab, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Barish, KN (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 AR 014902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.67.014902 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 644WL UT WOS:000180943300047 ER PT J AU D'Aguanno, G Centini, M Scalora, M Sibilia, C Bertolotti, M Bloemer, MJ Bowden, CM AF D'Aguanno, G Centini, M Scalora, M Sibilia, C Bertolotti, M Bloemer, MJ Bowden, CM TI Energy exchange properties during second-harmonic generation in finite one-dimensional photonic band-gap structures with deep gratings SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; ENHANCEMENT; PULSES AB We study second-harmonic generation in finite, one-dimensional, photonic band-gap structures with large index contrast in the regime of pump depletion and global phase-matching conditions. We report a number of surprising results: above a certain input intensity, field dynamics resemble a multiwave mixing process, where backward and forward components compete for the available energy; the pump field is mostly reflected, revealing a type of optical limiting behavior; and second-harmonic generation becomes balanced in both directions, showing unusual saturation effects with increasing pump intensity. This dynamics was unexpected, and it is bound to influence the way one goes about thinking and designing nonlinear frequency conversion devices in a practical way. C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, INFM, I-01161 Rome, Italy. USA, Weap Sci Directorate, Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aviat & Missle Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP D'Aguanno, G (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, INFM, Via A Scarpa 16, I-01161 Rome, Italy. EM giuseppe.daguanno@uniroma1.it NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 AR 016606 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.016606 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 646CV UT WOS:000181018000081 PM 12636624 ER PT J AU Karlik, JF Chung, YJ Winer, AM AF Karlik, JF Chung, YJ Winer, AM TI Biogenic emission inventory development: field assessment of the GAP vegetation database in California SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th General Assembly of the European-Geophysical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2001 CL NICE, FRANCE SP European Geophys Soc DE biogenic hydrocarbons; BVOC; emission inventory; vegetation survey; Gap Analysis Program ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; COMPOUND EMISSIONS; ISOPRENE; NITROGEN; OXIDES; RATES AB Given the key role played by biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) in tropospheric chemistry and regional air quality, it is critical to generate accurate BVOC emission inventories. Indeed, formulating effective air quality attainment strategies for formation of ozone, fine particles, and other secondary air pollutants may depend in some regions upon the strength of biogenic emissions, requiring the geolocated characterization of plant species and their areal coverages. Vegetation databases developed through remote sensing methods require calibration and validation from -ground-based measurements to be reliably used for BVOC modeling. A recent GIS-based description of vegetation coverage in the natural areas of the US is provided by the Gap Analysis Program, (GAP) database. We conducted an assessment of this database in central California through quantitative ground-based vegetation surveys in 18 polygons, using a modified stratified randomized sampling design, to evaluate the use of GAP for developing BVOC emission inventories. The plant species listed by GAP accounted for between 0% and 88% of the relative cover in the polygons, with a mean of 43%. Of the 76 species listed by GAP for which data were collected, 33 were found to be correctly listed within their respective assemblages, 13 were found to be listed for the wrong assemblage, and 30 were below percentages of codominants of any assemblage. Summed over all 18 polygons, BVOC emission indices based on field data were 20% less than those based on GAP, but for individual polygons differences ranged from - 100% to more than + 100%. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Bakersfield, CA 93307 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Los Angeles Dist, Regulatory Branch, Los Angeles, CA 90053 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Environm Sci & Engn Program, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Karlik, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, 1031 S Mt Vernon, Bakersfield, CA 93307 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1474-7065 J9 PHYS CHEM EARTH JI Phys. Chem. Earth PY 2003 VL 28 IS 8 BP 315 EP 325 DI 10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00051-2 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 696JQ UT WOS:000183884200003 ER PT S AU Shen, H Aliberti, K Dang, G Wraback, A AF Shen, H Aliberti, K Dang, G Wraback, A BE Osinski, M Amano, H Blood, P TI Effect of carrier screening on InGaAs MSM detector SO PHYSICS AND SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices XI CY JAN 27-31, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE metal-semiconductor-metal detector; screening ID SEMICONDUCTOR-METAL PHOTODIODE; I-N PHOTODETECTORS; POWER; ILLUMINATION; TRANSPORT; GAN AB We report on temporal response measurements of InGaAs metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors (MSM-PDs) under high-illumination conditions. The peak-current efficiency of the MSM-PDs decreases as the optical pulse energy increases due to space-charge-screening effects. Screening effects begin,to occur at an optical pulse energy as low as 1.0 pJ/pulse, as predicted by a recent two-dimensional model. The fall time and full width at half maximum of the impulse response increase as the optical pulse energy increases and decrease as the bids voltage increases. For optical pulse energies between 1.0 pJ and 100 pJ, the rise time displays a U-shaped behavior as the bias voltage increases. This may be associated with the shape of the electron velocity-field characteristic in conjunction with screening of the dark field by optically generated carriers. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shen, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4786-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4986 BP 206 EP 213 DI 10.1117/12.480857 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BX33D UT WOS:000184964500023 ER PT S AU Riely, B Liu, J Shen, H Dang, G Chang, W Jiang, Y Sikorski, Z Czyszanowski, T Przekwas, A AF Riely, B Liu, J Shen, H Dang, G Chang, W Jiang, Y Sikorski, Z Czyszanowski, T Przekwas, A BE Osinski, M Amano, H Blood, P TI Multiphysics modeling of intracavity-contacted VCSELs SO PHYSICS AND SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices XI CY JAN 27-31, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE semiconductor lasers; VCSELs; computational modeling; fabrication and characterization ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS; WEIGHTED INDEX METHOD AB The design of the next generation of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) will greatly depend on the availability of accurate modeling tools. Comprehensive models of semiconductor lasers are needed to predict realistic behavior of various laser devices, such as the spatially nonuniform gain that results from current crowding. Advanced physics models for VCSELs require benchmark quality experimental data for model validation. This paper presents preliminary results of a collaborative effort at ARL to fabricate and experimentally characterize test optoelectronic structures and VCSEL devices, and at CFDRC to develop comprehensive multiphysics modeling, design and optimization tools for semiconductor lasers and photodetectors. Experimental characterization procedure and measurements of optical and electrical data for oxide-confined intracavity VCSELs are presented. A comprehensive multiphysics modeling tools CFD-ACE+ O'SEMI has been developed. The modeling tool integrates electronic, optical, thermal, and material gain data models for the design of VCSELs and edge emitting lasers (EELs). This paper presents multidimensional simulation analysis of current crowding in oxide-confined intracavity VCSELs. Computational results helped design the test structures and devices and are used as a guide for experimental measurements performed at ARL. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Riely, B (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4786-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4986 BP 343 EP 354 DI 10.1117/12.482321 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BX33D UT WOS:000184964500037 ER PT J AU Merkle, L AF Merkle, L TI Crisis in physics spurs spirited dialogue SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Merkle, L (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JAN PY 2003 VL 56 IS 1 BP 69 EP 69 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 631WU UT WOS:000180191000022 ER PT J AU Clark, MG Vasilevsky, S Myers, TM AF Clark, MG Vasilevsky, S Myers, TM TI Air and shock two-way shuttlebox avoidance in C57BL/6J and 129X1/SvJ mice SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE methodology; aversive stimuli; active shuttlebox avoidance; escape; acquisition of operant behavior; behavioral genetics; inbred strains ID BEHAVIOR; MOUSE; PIGS AB Despite multiple advantages of the use of electric shock as an aversive stimulus, reasons exist for considering alternative aversive stimuli. In the present study, we examined and compared the acquisition of two-way shuttlebox avoidance with 275.8-kPa (40-psi) pulsed air and continuous 0.4-mA shock in two strains of mice commonly employed in targeted gene mutation research, C57BL/6J and 129XI/Svj. Each trial consisted of a 5-s warning stimulus (WS, light) during which shuttling to the other side cancelled delivery of the aversive stimulus. Once initiated, the aversive stimulus remained active for 20 s or until an escape response occurred. For C57BL/6J mice, air and shock were equally and highly effective aversive stimuli. In contrast, air was less effective than shock for 129X1/SvJ mice. C57BL/6J mice outperformed 129X1/SvJ mice for both stimulus types. For 129X1/SvJ mice, longer escape latencies were observed initially for air, suggesting that shock is more effective. However, these differences in latency dissipated within the first seven sessions. Nevertheless, by the end of the 17-day study, asymptotic levels of avoidance proficiency were substantially lower for air than for shock in 129X1/SvJ mice. These results indicate that air is a suitable substitute for shock as an aversive stimulus in shuttlebox active avoidance; however, the relative efficacies of these aversive stimuli appear to depend upon the strain chosen for study. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Clark, MG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 78 IS 1 BP 117 EP 123 AR PII S0031-9384(02)00944-7 DI 10.1016/S0031-9384(02)00944-7 PG 7 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 639ZZ UT WOS:000180662200015 PM 12536018 ER PT B AU Ingram, JM Nicholson, JA Fountain, AW AF Ingram, JM Nicholson, JA Fountain, AW BE Mittal, KI TI Development and optimization of a laser carbonized polyimide film as a sensor substrate for an all-polymer humidity sensor SO POLYIMIDES AND OTHER HIGH TEMPERATURE POLYMERS: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Polyimides and Other High Temperature Polymers CY DEC 03-06, 2001 CL NEWARK, NJ SP MST Conf DE polyimide; polymeric sensors; humidity sensor ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CHEMICAL SENSORS; PMDA-ODA; PESTICIDE; ARRAYS; ELECTROLYTES; KAPTON(TM); RADIATION; MEMBRANES; SYSTEM AB Kapton(R) polyimide film was studied as a viable sensor substrate using a capacitive type humidity sensor design. An argon ion laser was used to pyrolyze the Kapton(R) film to form raised, carbonized filaments. Using a graphics program and a set of computer controlled servo mirrors, an interdigitated circuit was formed on the surface of the polymer. This circuit was coated with a hygrosensitive polymer, HMPTAC (2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride), to form an all-polymer humidity sensor. The sensor substrate was optimized for sensitivity by varying pyrolysis wavelength and energy density. The results showed that the polyimide based sensor performed as well as the most commonly used silica/gold and alumina/gold sensor substrates. C1 US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Fountain, AW (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU VSP BV-C/O BRILL ACAD PUBL PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-6764-378-5 PY 2003 BP 437 EP 446 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BX99T UT WOS:000187165500025 ER PT B AU Bayne, SB Ibitayo, D AF Bayne, SB Ibitayo, D BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Evaluation of SiC GTOs for pulse power switching SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Certain applications require devices that can switch high peak current with fast rise times and narrow pulse width. This work was done as an initial study to investigate the performance of Silicon Carbide (SiC Gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) in these applications. The SiC GTOs were designed for high turn-off gain and not optimized for pulse applications. The GTOs were tested as discharge switches in a low inductance circuit delivering 2mus pulses with a maximum switching current of 1.4 kA (94.6 kA/cm(2)) and a current rise time of 2.4 kA/mus. All the devices were switched until failure. The failure modes will be discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Bayne, SB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 135 EP 138 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000028 ER PT B AU Altgilbers, LL Balevicius, S Zurauskiene, N Stankevic, V Cimmperman, P Anisimovas, F AF Altgilbers, LL Balevicius, S Zurauskiene, N Stankevic, V Cimmperman, P Anisimovas, F BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Hybrid superconducting-magnetic fault current limiter SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID FILMS AB This limiter is intended to protect high-speed electronic circuits from subnanosecond duration high voltage transients. It operates at liquid nitrogen temperature and could be used in cryogenic electronic systems based on high-T-c superconducting devices. The device operates because of electric current induced switching from the superconducting state to the normal state and electric field induced resistance changes in manganite. The attenuation in high-speed transmission lines occurs, when, as the result of the action of a current pulse, the resistance of the superconducting Y1Ba2Cu3O7-x strip, connected in series with the transmission line, increases, while the resistance of the manganite La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 film, connected in parallel to this line, decreases. The attenuation achieved by such limiters exceeds 20-30 dB. In its non-attenuating regime, the bandwidth of the device could be up to 18 GHz. C1 USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. RP Altgilbers, LL (reprint author), USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 1040 EP 1043 DI 10.1109/PPC.2003.1277990 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000237 ER PT B AU Altgilbers, LL Tkach, YV Yatsenko, T Tkach, Y AF Altgilbers, LL Tkach, YV Yatsenko, T Tkach, Y BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Nonlinear reactive circuits driven by magnetic flux compression generators SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Presently, generators of broadband microwave radiation, using spiral magnetocumulative generator (MCG) as the energy source, are under intensive investigation [1,2]. In the majority of the existing designs, researchers are attempting to generate high-power radiation over a the broad spectral range by directly connecting the MCG to an antenna or by using the helical coil of the MCG as the radiating element [2,3]. These are called direct drive devices. It is understood that the efficiency of these devices is very low, which is attributed to the impossibility of matching the energy source, with output characteristics that change in time, with antenna sizes no greater than tens of centimeters and to the fact that the characteristic length of the MCG current pulse, driving the antenna, ranges from 10(-7) to 10(-6) s. In addition, the maximum amount of energy lies within the spectral range 10(6) - 10(7) Hz, which corresponds to wavelengths of 300 - 30 in. Since the effective length of the antenna for these devices comprises only a fraction of the wavelength of the driving oscillations, the radiation efficiency is very small. As a result, direct drive devices radiate relatively low powers and have virtually isotropic radiation patterns, which is unacceptable for a number of applications. These problems can be solved by several different methods. One of them is to design a modulator, operating over a broad frequency range, corresponding to a wavelength less than or close to the size of the transmitting antenna, for coupling energy from the MCG into the antenna. This kind of modulator would not only provide effective modulation of strong currents, generated by MCG, but also enrich the spectrum of the current fluctuations, by shifting the spectrum to higher frequencies [1]. This paper considers one possible type of modulator and presents the results of computer simulations. C1 USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Altgilbers, LL (reprint author), USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 1085 EP 1089 DI 10.1109/PPC.2003.1278000 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000247 ER PT B AU Altgilbers, LL Somov, VA Chepurniy, I Tkach, YV Silin, AO AF Altgilbers, LL Somov, VA Chepurniy, I Tkach, YV Silin, AO BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Broadband pulsed generator based on H-waveguide SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Generation of broadband pulses with complex waveform and spectrum is of interest for numerous applications. These pulses can be formed by high-power generators with spectral bandwidths of Deltaomega/omegasimilar to0.5. Unlike ultra wideband (UWB) signal generators, broadband generators generate higher spectral power densities and have available effective antennas for transmission and receipt of these signals. The design of this generator was first described in [1] and is based on the direct driving of H-waveguides by gas-filled spark gaps. In this paper, the design of the dual spark-gap and of a mirror antenna with a customized broadband feed structure is presented. The dual spark-gap design includes a correcting capacitor. The designed shape of the mirror antenna provides high directivity of the transmitted radiation. In addition, the results of numerical simulations and experimental studies, targeting an increase in the operational efficiency and the radiated power levels of the generators, as well as the generation of radiation with the required spectra and waveforms, are presented. C1 USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Altgilbers, LL (reprint author), USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 1173 EP 1176 DI 10.1109/PPC.2003.1278021 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000268 ER PT B AU Kaplan, S Griffin, T Bayne, S AF Kaplan, S Griffin, T Bayne, S BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Silicon vs silicon carbide device characterization SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Significant development of silicon carbide (SiC) material for device applications now allows circuit designers to more fully exploit its unique properties. The 4H-SiC structure provides the most favorable characteristics to optimize device speed and power handling capabilities. These include wide bandgap (3.2 eV), high dielectric breakdown (3.5 MV/cm), and high thermal conductivity (4.9 W/cm-K) [1]. By combining these properties, SiC devices are able to achieve fast reverse recovery and high reverse blocking voltages, along with excellent high temperature characteristics (case temperatures above 150 C). This makes these devices ideally suited to power electronics applications, where high power levels as well as fast switching are required. Many areas dominated by ultrafast recovery silicon (Si) diodes, might therefore be better suited to the application of SiC. In order to verify the efficacy of SiC devices, temperature dependent measurements were made on a sample of fast recovery Si and SiC diodes. This paper presents the results of these measurements, comparing critical characteristics of Si and SiC devices over a range of junction temperatures up to 150 C. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Kaplan, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 1217 EP 1220 DI 10.1109/PPC.2003.1278032 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000279 ER PT J AU Wilson, ALG Lange, JL Brundage, JF Frommelt, RA AF Wilson, ALG Lange, JL Brundage, JF Frommelt, RA TI Behavioral, demographic, and prior morbidity risk factors for accidental death among men: A case-control study of soldiers SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE accident prevention; safety; accident proneness; accidents, traffic; accidents, occupational; health status indicators; alcohol drinking; self-injurious behavior; matched-pair analysis; unintentional injury ID PERSIAN-GULF; US ARMY; HEALTH; MORTALITY; VETERANS; INJURY AB Background. In the United States, the leading cause of death for young men is unintentional injury. The experience of the U.S. Army, because it, comprises mostly young men, provides insights into factors associated with risk of accidental death. Between 1990 and 1998, accidents accounted for more than half of all deaths of men on active duty in the U.S. Army. Methods. All men on active duty in the U.S. Army who died in an accident between 1990 and 1998 were included in the study. For each accidental death case, four randomly selected controls were also included, matched on gender and contemporaneous military service. Results. In multivariate analyses, accidental death victims were more likely to be unmarried, limited to a high school education, in combat-specific occupations, veterans of a recent deployment, and previously hospitalized for an "injury/poisoning," "mental disorder," or "sign/symptom/ill-defined condition." Of behaviors reported on routine health risk assessments, the strongest predictor of a subsequent fatal accident was motorcycle use while the most excess deaths were attributable to consuming more than five alcoholic drinks per week. Conclusions. There are characteristics, experiences, and behaviors that predict accidental death risk. The findings may inform safety and health promotion programs aimed at young adults. C1 USA, Med Surveillance Act, Attn MCHB TS EDM,Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Ctr Hlth Promot,Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance Dire, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Wilson, ALG (reprint author), USA, Med Surveillance Act, Attn MCHB TS EDM,Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Ctr Hlth Promot,Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance Dire, Bldg T-20,Room 213,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Abigail.Wilson@amedd.army.mil NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 EI 1096-0260 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 36 IS 1 BP 124 EP 130 DI 10.1006/pmed.2002.1054 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 630FR UT WOS:000180097300015 ER PT J AU Blank, S AF Blank, S TI The future of Caspian security SO PROBLEMS OF POST-COMMUNISM LA English DT Article AB The new East-West partnership offers the United States and NATO many opportunities to influence Russia and other CIS members. C1 USA, War Coll, Strateg Studies Inst, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Blank, S (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Strateg Studies Inst, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 82 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU M E SHARPE INC PI ARMONK PA 80 BUSINESS PARK DR, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 1075-8216 J9 PROBL POST-COMMUNISM JI Probl. Post-Communism PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 50 IS 1 BP 8 EP 21 PG 14 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 634CY UT WOS:000180323500002 ER PT S AU Kim, Y AF Kim, Y GP IEEE IEEE TI Amplitude-frequency effects of y-cut langanite and langatate SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & PDA EXHIBITION JOINTLY WITH 17TH EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and PDA Exhibition/17th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 04-08, 2003 CL TAMPA, FL SP IEEE Ultrason, Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc, Piezoelect Devices Assoc ID LANGASITE AB Amplitude-frequency effects of a y-cut langanite (LGN) resonator and a y-cut langatate (LGT) resonator were measured The frequency shifts from the baseline frequency with 1 mA were measured as a function of drive currents up to 28 mA. While high drive current shifted the frequency, it also heated the crystal locally, causing temperature-related frequency changes. The local heat transfer and its influence on the frequency were analyzed The amplitude-frequency shift was effectively measured, not affected by the temperature-related frequency changes. It is found that the 3(rd), 5(th), and 7(th) overtones (OT's) behave as soft springs, i.e., resonant frequency decreases as drive current increases. The drive sensitivity coefficients of the 3(rd) and 5(th) OT's are in the vicinity of -2 ppm/(current density in [mA/mm(2)])(2) or -2 ppb/(current in [mA])(2) for both resonators. The 7(th) OT's are higher than the other OT's: -5 similar to -7 ppb/mA(2). The lowest drive sensitivity is -1.2 ppb/mA(2) on the 5 h OT of the LGT. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-7688-9 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2003 BP 631 EP 636 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BY39D UT WOS:000189158900116 ER PT S AU Kosinski, JA Pastore, RA Yang, X Yang, J Turner, JA AF Kosinski, JA Pastore, RA Yang, X Yang, J Turner, JA GP IEEE IEEE TI Stress-induced frequency shifts in langasite thickness-mode resonators SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & PDA EXHIBITION JOINTLY WITH 17TH EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and PDA Exhibition/17th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 04-08, 2003 CL TAMPA, FL SP IEEE Ultrason, Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc, Piezoelect Devices Assoc DE langasite; stress-induced effects ID ACOUSTIC-WAVES; LANGATATE; CRYSTALS; PLATES AB In this paper, we report on our study of stress-induced effects on thickness vibrations of a langasite plate. The plate is assumed to be doubly-rotated, specified by angles phi and theta. The stresses are assumed to be uniform and planar. The first-order perturbation integral as developed by Tiersten for frequency shifts in resonators is used. The dependence of frequency shifts on phi and theta is calculated and examined, and loci of stress-compensation are determined. The analysis makes use of the third-order material constants that are available for langasite but not for its isomorphs. C1 USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. RP Kosinski, JA (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-7688-9 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2003 BP 716 EP 722 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BY39D UT WOS:000189158900133 ER PT S AU Kosinski, JA Pastore, RA Yang, J Yang, X Turner, JA AF Kosinski, JA Pastore, RA Yang, J Yang, X Turner, JA GP IEEE IEEE TI Perturbation theory for degenerate acoustic eigenmodes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & PDA EXHIBITION JOINTLY WITH 17TH EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and PDA Exhibition/17th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 04-08, 2003 CL TAMPA, FL SP IEEE Ultrason, Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc, Piezoelect Devices Assoc ID ELECTROELASTIC EQUATIONS; FIELDS; BIAS AB A general formulation of the perturbation procedure applied to the eigenvalue problem for resonant frequencies in crystal resonators under biasing deformations is given, with explicit treatment of the case wherein an unperturbed resonant frequency is degenerate. A rotated Y-cut quartz resonator with degenerate thickness-shear modes (b-mode/c-mode crossover point) is analyzed as an example. Results indeed show that biasing fields can cause a degenerate frequency to split into slightly different frequencies. This phenomenon may be responsible in part for the jump discontinuities in frequency temperature curves and other frequency jump phenomena. C1 USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. RP Kosinski, JA (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-7688-9 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2003 BP 734 EP 741 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BY39D UT WOS:000189158900136 ER PT S AU Madewell, JM AF Madewell, JM GP IEEE IEEE TI Mitigating the effects of chaff in ballistic missile defense SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2003 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 05-08, 2003 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP IEEE Huntsville Sect, IEEE Reg 3, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Dynetics Inc, Raytheon Co AB In this paper, an algorithmic (schema) approach for detecting and tracking targets in highly cluttered environments is presented. The approach is to accurately track the centroid of the chaff cloud using a combination of medium band (MB) and wide band (WB) range resolution radar waveforms. At moderate Pulse Repetition Frequencies (PRFs), differential target velocities (about the centroid of the chaff cloud) are detected and tracked via doppler banks of transversal filters that are tuned to detect the target velocity differences. Through sensitivity analysis using Matlab models, the theoretical lower bound on detectable differential target velocity as a function of the chaff cloud composition (e.g., clutter cross section, clutter spectral width, number of dipoles, and clutter velocity standard deviation) and radar related parameters (e.g., waveform frequency, bandwidth, integration times, PRFs, and signal-to-clutter ratio) is presented. C1 USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. RP Madewell, JM (reprint author), USA, Space & Missile Def Command, POB 1500, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-7920-9 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2003 BP 19 EP 22 DI 10.1109/NRC.2003.1203373 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BW77T UT WOS:000183138600004 ER PT B AU Pham, T Sadler, BM Papadopoulos, H AF Pham, T Sadler, BM Papadopoulos, H GP IEEE TI Energy-based source localization via ad-hoc acoustic sensor network SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE WORKSHOP ON STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing CY SEP 28-OCT 01, 2003 CL St Louis, MO SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, DARPA, USAF Res Lab, Off Naval Res, Natl Sci Fdn AB In this paper, we investigate the performance characteristics of ad-hoc networks for acoustic sensors for source localization and design resource efficient signal processing algorithms that trade-off performance and complexity. We discuss the performance of location estimators that can be implemented in a distributed setting and compare their performance to the associated Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB). As our investigation reveals, signal processing strategies that keep power consumption and communication within the sensor network to acceptable levels can be developed without significantly sacrificing localization accuracy. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Pham, T (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7997-7 PY 2003 BP 387 EP 390 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BY73T UT WOS:000189451000108 ER PT B AU Cioppa, TM Willis, JB Goerger, ND Brown, LP AF Cioppa, TM Willis, JB Goerger, ND Brown, LP BE Chick, SE Sanchez, PJ Ferrin, D Morrice, DJ TI Research plan development for modeling and simulation of military operations in urban terrain SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 07-10, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Stat Assoc, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE SMC, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS, Coll Simulat, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB The transformation of the US Army to the Objective Force will rely heavily upon the use of modeling and simulation (M&S) for analysis, including assessment of our ability to fight in urban environments. Current model research for military operations in urban terrain (MOUT) is disjoint. Current models are judged to be insufficient as a foundation for simulation of urban operations. The Army Model and Simulation Office (AMSO) has formed a Focus Area Collaborative Team (FACT) to address these issues. The MOUT FACT directs all future urban operations modeling efforts to ensure that new simulations credibly depict MOUT. The MOUT FACT employs a top-down approach designed to (1) identify the best urban M&S projects that will address prioritized deficiencies and (2) identify potential collaboration opportunities. This paper details the methodology employed by the MOUT FACT to develop the urban M&S research plan and the results of its efforts to date. C1 USA, Training & Doctrine Command Anal Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cioppa, TM (reprint author), USA, Training & Doctrine Command Anal Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8131-9 PY 2003 BP 1046 EP 1051 DI 10.1109/WSC.2003.1261529 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BY24E UT WOS:000188415500129 ER PT S AU Zakikhani, M Harrelson, DW Pennington, JC Brannon, JM Corcoran, MK Clark, J Sniffen, WA AF Zakikhani, M. Harrelson, D. W. Pennington, J. C. Brannon, J. M. Corcoran, M. K. Clark, J. Sniffen, W. A. BE Lekkas, TD TI Study of environmental impact and natural attention of explosives SO Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, Vol A, Oral Presentations SE Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology CY SEP 08-10, 2003 CL Lemnos Isl, GREECE SP Univ Aegean, Dept Environm Studies, Global NEST DE natural attenuation; explosives; numerical modeling; CPT ID MUTAGENICITY; METABOLITES; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; TOXICITY AB Manufacturing and loading, assembling packaging, and waste disposal of explosives have resulted in contamination of soil and groundwater at several sites in USA. This disposed waste predominantly consisted of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 1,3,5-trinitro-1, 3,5-hexahydrotriazine (RDX). Several processes of biotic and abiotic transformation, microbial degradation, and immobilization by chemical reactions between contaminants and organic matter or clays affecting the attenuation of TNT and RDX The objective of this project has been to demonstrate natural attenuation of explosives at the selected sites. Groundwater monitoring procedures were optimized to generate reliable trends in explosives concentrations over time. Batch and column partitioning studies were used to evaluate the significance of site capacity on ultimate fate and transport of the explosives. Both biomarker and stable isotope techniques were investigated for use as monitoring tools. The groundwater modeling system was used for contaminant plume definition and predictions of future contaminant extent. The field demonstration was conducted at the several sites in USA. The demonstration included groundwater monitoring, modeling, and a cone penetrometry sampling event to characterize site lithology and to obtain sample material for other parts of the study. Results demonstrated declining concentrations of explosives in groundwater over the two-year monitoring period. Contaminant mass declined and the groundwater model predicted a shrinking plume in a 20-year simulation. Biomarkers demonstrated the microbial degradation potential of RDX and TNT in aquifer soils and provided an estimate of degradation rates. Use of stable isotope ratios of nitrogen in TNT extracted from groundwater was a promising indicator of attenuation. Results demonstrated that natural attenuation is a viable option, which should be among the options considered for remediation of explosives contaminated sites. Natural attenuation of contaminants has provided a very cost-effective alternative remediation for the sites. C1 USA, Erdc, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Zakikhani, M (reprint author), USA, Erdc, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV AEGEAN PI ATHENS PA VOULGAROKTONOU 30, ATHENS 114 72, GREECE SN 1106-5516 BN 960-7475-24-0 J9 PROC INT CONF ENV SC PY 2003 BP 973 EP 981 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BEX20 UT WOS:000239950800120 ER PT S AU Brown, TG AF Brown, TG GP IEEE TI Harsh military environments and microelectromechanical (MEMS) devices SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE SENSORS 2003, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Conference on Sensors CY OCT 22-24, 2003 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE Sensors Council DE IMU; sensor; high-G; projectile; acceleration; angular rate; flight performance; trajectory; MEMS; inertial measurement; failure; harsh environment; military requirement AB The harsh military environment including operational requirements (temperature, pressure, acceleration and vibration) is described for a few munition applications. A summary of ground based experimentation pertaining to MEMS devices is presented. Results of a high-g shock study suggest that some Microelectromechanical (MEMS) sensors are rugged enough to survive both low-g and high-g launch. Small sensitivities to temperature, shock and vibration are described for a MEMS angular rate sensor. Flight experiments with artillery and rockets instrumented with MEMS angular rate sensors, accelerometers, and telemetry units, were recently completed. Analysis of the angular rate sensor data show encouraging results for surviving and measuring munition pitching and yawing behavior. There is mention of future military applications for MEMS and needed requirements to enable a successful transition. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Brown, TG (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM brown@arl.rnil NR 26 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 0-7803-8133-5 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2003 BP 753 EP 760 DI 10.1109/ICSENS.2003.1279042 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY67F UT WOS:000189435400156 ER PT S AU Ruff, WC Aliberti, K Dammann, J Giza, M Shen, HE Stann, B Stead, M AF Ruff, WC Aliberti, K Dammann, J Giza, M Shen, HE Stann, B Stead, M GP IEEE TI An FM/cw breadboard ladar using a 32-element linear self-mixing detector array SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE SENSORS 2003, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Conference on Sensors CY OCT 22-24, 2003 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE Sensors Council DE ladar; laser radar; self-mixing detector; optoelectronic mixer AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is investigating a ladar architecture based on FM/cw radar principles that uses metal-semiconductor-metal (MSAI) detectors as self-mixing detectors. ARL has recently incorporated a I x 32 pixel linear detector array of such detectors into a breadboard FM/cw ladar system and performed a series of characterization and outdoor image collection experiments. This paper discusses the basic operation of the system and presents some ladar imagery taken on the ARL Adelphi campus. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ruff, WC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM wruff@arl.army.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 0-7803-8133-5 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2003 BP 1006 EP 1011 DI 10.1109/ICSENS.2003.1279094 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY67F UT WOS:000189435400208 ER PT S AU Aliberti, K Shen, H Ruff, W Stann, B Newman, P Semendy, F Stead, M Mehandru, R Ren, F AF Aliberti, K Shen, H Ruff, W Stann, B Newman, P Semendy, F Stead, M Mehandru, R Ren, F GP IEEE TI Improved optoelectronic mixing of InAlAs/InGaAs interdigitated-finger metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE SENSORS 2003, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Conference on Sensors CY OCT 22-24, 2003 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE Sensors Council ID ARRAY; MIXER AB We analyze the optoelectronic mixing characteristics of an InAlAs, Schottky-enhanced, InGaAs-based metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector. We show that the mixing efficiency of this device depends on the thickness of the InAlAs Schottky-enhancement layer: For thick enhancement layers (approximate to500 Angstrom), the bandwidth of the device when utilized as an optoelectronic mixer is less than the bandwidth of the device when utilized as a simple photodetector. In addition, the mixing efficiency depends on the light-modulation, local-oscillator, and mixed-signal-frequencies, and decreases nonlinearly with decrease in optical power. For thin enhancement layers (approximate to 100 Angstrom), the mixing characteristics improve: The bandwidth of the optoelectronic mixer is similar to that of a corresponding photodetector and the mixing efficiency decreases only slightly with decrease in optical power. We attribute the observed behavior to the band-gap discontinuity associated with the InAlAs Schottky enhancement layer. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Aliberti, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM kaliberti@arl.anny.mil; ren@che.ufl.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 0-7803-8133-5 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2003 BP 1021 EP 1025 DI 10.1109/ICSENS.2003.1279097 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY67F UT WOS:000189435400211 ER PT J AU Grujicic, M Tong, C DeRosset, WS Helfritch, D AF Grujicic, M Tong, C DeRosset, WS Helfritch, D TI Flow analysis and nozzle-shape optimization for the cold-gas dynamic-spray process SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART B-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MANUFACTURE LA English DT Article DE cold-gas dynamic-spray process; nozzle design and optimization AB An isentropic, one-dimensional model is used to analyse the dynamics of dilute two-phase (feed powder particles plus the carrier gas) flow during the cold-spray process. While the physical foundation of the model is quite straightforward, the solution for the model can be obtained only numerically. The results obtained show that there is a particle-velocity-dependent, carrier-gas-invariant optimal value of the relative gas/particle Mach number that maximizes the drag force acting on feed powder particles and, hence, maximizes the acceleration of the particles. Furthermore, it is found that if the cold-spray nozzle is designed in such a way that at each axial location the acceleration of the particles is maximized, a significant increase in the average velocity of the particles at the nozzle exit can be obtained. For the optimum design of the nozzle, helium as the carrier gas is found to give rise to a substantially higher exit velocity of the particles than air. All these findings are in good agreement with experimental observations. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USA, Res Lab, Proc & Properties Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Grujicic, M (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 241 Fluor Daniel Bldg, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 7 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI BURY ST EDMUNDS PA NORTHGATE AVENUE, BURY ST EDMUNDS IP32 6BW, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND SN 0954-4054 J9 P I MECH ENG B-J ENG JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part B-J. Eng. Manuf. PY 2003 VL 217 IS 11 BP 1603 EP 1613 DI 10.1243/095440503771909980 PG 11 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 758RQ UT WOS:000187664300010 ER PT B AU Gorbunov, NV McFaul, SJ Ayyagari, V Zaucha, GM Nath, J AF Gorbunov, NV McFaul, SJ Ayyagari, V Zaucha, GM Nath, J BE Galaris, D TI Induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in blunt trauma-associated pulmonary hemorrhage SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE MEETING OF THE SOCIETY FOR FREE RADICAL RESEARCH, EUROPEAN SECTION: FREE RADICALS AND OXIDATIVE STRESS: CHEMISTRY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Research - Europe CY JUN 26-29, 2003 CL Ioannina, GREECE SP Soc Free Rad Res, European Sect ID RESPONSES; STRESS AB Inflammatory response, decomposition of extravascular hemoglobin (exvHb), and oxidative stress in pulmonary hemorrhage were monitored in rats subjected to lung blunt trauma (LBT), by exposure to blast overpressure wave of magnitude 112+/-10 kPa. LBT caused a 5-fold increase in blood neutrophil count, which was accompanied by 1.6-fold and 17-fold increases in the expression of CD11b, a cell adhesion molecule, and HO-1, an antioxidative protein, respectively. Accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages, deposition of exvHb, and increase in parenchymal HO-1, transferring (TRF), myeloperoxidase (MPO) were observed in hemorrhagic lesions. These alterations were accompanied by increases in TRF-bound [Fe3+] (8.2+/-2.3 muM vs. 0.4+/-0.1 muM in controls) and non-TRF complexes of [Fe3+] (4.5+/-1.8 muM vs. < 0.3 muM in controls), and formation of 3-nitrotyrosine within proteins in lung. Augmentation of free radical species, determined in a range of g = 1.97 through g = 2.08, was slight and insignificant. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Gorbunov, NV (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND PUBLISHING CO PI BOLOGNA PA VIA RUBBIANI 6/2, 40124 BOLOGNA, ITALY BN 88-7587-002-0 PY 2003 BP 243 EP 247 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BY68H UT WOS:000189438000042 ER PT S AU Dutta, PK Cole, DM Schulson, EM Sodhi, DS AF Dutta, PK Cole, DM Schulson, EM Sodhi, DS BE Chung, JS Prinsenberg, S TI A fracture study of ice under high strain rate loading SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH (2003) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 1 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-2003) CY MAY 25-30, 2003 CL HONOLULU, HI DE ice; ice strength; ice force; ice impact; high strain rate; ice compressive strength; ice temperature effects; ice dynamic response ID SALINE ICE; BRITTLE FAILURE; SEA-ICE AB High strain rate compression tests were conducted with columnar ice grown in the laboratory. In addition to measuring stress and strain to failure at two strain rates, we examined the effects of end conditions on the failure process. Experiments were performed in a split Hopkinson pressure bar at two temperatures, -10degreesC and -40degreesC, and a strain rate in the range of 10 to 15 s(-1). Additional experiments were performed on similarly grown ice at a lower strain rate of 3 x 10(-4) s(-1) for comparison. In the high strain rate tests, the general observation is that most failures occurred by splitting, and the final failure by collapse of the columns, which become unstable under the sustained load during the passage of the stress wave. Most failures occurred around a value of 1000 microstrain. After crack initiation, failure is progressive, with multiple peaks in the stress-time history, and it takes a finite time for ejection of fragments before the final collapse. Reduction of temperature increases the peak stress values. We also note that although the initial fracture is brittle in nature the final failure, or collapse, because of time for the fragment ejection, gives the appearance of visco-elastic failure. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Dutta, PK (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-60-5 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2003 BP 465 EP 472 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BAP48 UT WOS:000223131400070 ER PT S AU Dutta, PK Vaidya, UK AF Dutta, PK Vaidya, UK BE Chung, JS Wardenier, J Frederking, RMW Koterayama, W TI An assessment of vinyl sheet piles for long term applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH (2003) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 4 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-2003) CY MAY 25-30, 2003 CL HONOLULU, HI DE PVC; UV degradation; impact; durability; long-term application; sheet piles; PVC sheet piles; retaining walls ID UV AB There are concerns about the integrity of vinyl sheet piles over its long-term use. Cold weather and ultraviolet rays are known to cause the performance degradation (increased brittleness) of vinyl plastics. This paper summarizes preliminary results on the impact performance under low and high velocity impact of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) samples exposed to 20 and 200 hours and compared to unexposed control samples. The results show that the low velocity impact response was minimally influenced by the UV exposure. At high velocities no indications of damage were seen, the projectile simply bounced off. The UV exposure increased the ballistic limit due to surface hardening. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Dutta, PK (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2003 BP 303 EP 306 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BAP56 UT WOS:000223143100044 ER PT S AU Chang, JCI AF Chang, JCI BE Geni, M Kikuchi, M TI Challenges and opportunities in experimental and computational mechanics SO PROGRESS IN EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS IN ENGINEERING SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Experimental and Computational Mechanics in Engineering CY AUG 24-27, 2002 CL DUNHUANG, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Xinjiang Univ, Tokyo Univ Sic, Lanzhou Univ, Shaanxi Soc Theoret & Appl Mechan C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Chang, JCI (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-913-X J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2003 VL 243-2 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BW88H UT WOS:000183458800001 ER PT S AU Li, YL Ramesh, KT Chin, ESC AF Li, YL Ramesh, KT Chin, ESC BE Geni, M Kikuchi, M TI Determination of the dynamic fracture initiation toughness of metal-ceramic composites SO PROGRESS IN EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS IN ENGINEERING SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Experimental and Computational Mechanics in Engineering CY AUG 24-27, 2002 CL DUNHUANG, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Xinjiang Univ, Tokyo Univ Sic, Lanzhou Univ, Shaanxi Soc Theoret & Appl Mechan DE dynamic; fracture initiation toughness; metal-ceramic composite; Kolsky bar ID MATRIX COMPOSITES; HIGH-RATES; DEFORMATION; SPECIMEN; STRAIN AB The dynamic fracture of metals and metal-ceramic composites is investigated using three-point bend specimens subjected to dynamic loading. The specific material investigated is a metal-ceramic composite consisting of A359 aluminum reinforced by SiC particles. Three distinct approaches - a laser-based interferometric strain/displacement gage (ISDG), a resistance strain gage, and an experimental-numerical hybrid method - have been implemented to determine the dynamic stress intensity factor within a small pre-cracked three-point bend specimen. The specimen is impulsively loaded within a Kolsky bar type configuration, using an input bar and an output tube. The dynamic initiation fracture toughness of the material is obtained indirectly from these methods. The estimates of dynamic fracture initiation toughness determined from these three approaches are compared with each other and with quasistatic data. C1 Northwestern Polytech Univ, Dept Aircraft Engn, Xian 710072, Peoples R China. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Li, YL (reprint author), Northwestern Polytech Univ, Dept Aircraft Engn, Xian 710072, Peoples R China. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-913-X J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2003 VL 243-2 BP 57 EP 62 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BW88H UT WOS:000183458800010 ER PT J AU Elliot, SJ Zorn, BH Mcleod, DG Moul, JW Nyberg, L Striker, LJ Striker, GE AF Elliot, SJ Zorn, BH Mcleod, DG Moul, JW Nyberg, L Striker, LJ Striker, GE TI Pentosan polysulfate decreases prostate smooth muscle proliferation and extracellular matrix turnover SO PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE benign prostatic hyperplasia; extracellular matrix; tissue inhibitor of MMP; pentosan polysulfate; matrix metalloprotemases (MMP) ID HYPERPLASIA; CELLS; FINASTERIDE AB Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) involves proliferation of smooth muscle cells and increased deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). We recently found that pentosan polysulfate (PPS) has marked effects on growth and ECM of smooth muscle cells derived from vascular tissues. We examined smooth muscle cells cultured from human prostates and the effects of PPS on their growth and ECM production. Fragments of surgical prostatectomy specimens were diced, digested with collagenase (0.01%), and placed in culture medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum. Outgrowths of elongated cells were characterized by light microscopic examination and immunohistochemical techniques by the presence of F-actin, a-smooth muscle actin, and myosin, which is a characteristic of smooth muscle cells. Two independent isolates were propagated, and growth curves and ECM production were assessed in the presence and absence of PPS (10 or 100 mg/ml). PPS decreased cell number beginning at day 1 and throughout the incubation period, up to 4 days. The amount of the ECM degradative enzymes, metalloproteinases MMP-9 and MMP-2, was examined by zymography. PPS did not alter the amount of MMP-2 in the supernatants but MMP-9 was increased 234.4 +/- 17.23-fold over control cells. Tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMPS), examined by reverse zymography, increased 200% over control. The amount of alphaI type (IV) and aI type (I) collagen released in the supernatant, measured by ELISA, significantly decreased in PPS-treated cultures. In conclusion, we found that the administration of PPS decreased proliferation as well as ECM production in prostate smooth muscle. Since smooth muscle proliferation and ECM are involved in the pathophysiology of BPH, PPS may have therapeutic potential. C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Med, Vasc Biol Inst, Miami, FL 33101 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Striker, GE (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Med, Vasc Biol Inst, POB 019132 R104, Miami, FL 33101 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1365-7852 J9 PROSTATE CANCER P D JI Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. PY 2003 VL 6 IS 2 BP 138 EP 142 DI 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500632 PG 5 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 693PY UT WOS:000183728600007 PM 12806372 ER PT J AU Petroski, RA Griewe, GL Schenkman, NS AF Petroski, RA Griewe, GL Schenkman, NS TI Delayed life-threatening hemorrhage after transrectal prostate needle biopsy SO PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE prostate; biopsy; complication ID ULTRASOUND-GUIDED BIOPSY; CORE BIOPSIES; COMPLICATIONS; MORBIDITY; HEMATOMA; IMPROVES; CANCER AB Minor hematochezia after transrectal ultrasound and prostate needle biopsy is well reported. We present a case report of a 64-yr-old man on aspirin and with poorly controlled hypertension who developed severe hematochezia requiring blood transfusion. The bleeding was stopped with digital compression. The literature on hemorrhagic complications after prostate needle biopsy is reviewed. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv 4F, Div Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Schenkman, NS (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv 4F, Div Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1365-7852 J9 PROSTATE CANCER P D JI Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. PY 2003 VL 6 IS 2 BP 190 EP 192 DI 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500645 PG 3 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 693PY UT WOS:000183728600017 PM 12806382 ER PT J AU Griewe, GL Dean, RC Zhang, W Young, D Sesterhenn, IA Shanmugam, N McLeod, DG Moul, JW Srivastava, S AF Griewe, GL Dean, RC Zhang, W Young, D Sesterhenn, IA Shanmugam, N McLeod, DG Moul, JW Srivastava, S TI p53 immunostaining guided laser capture microdissection (p53-LCM) defines the presence of p53 gene mutations in focal regions of primary prostate cancer positive for p53 protein SO PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE p53; laser capture microdissection; mutation ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; UPDATED COMPILATION; CELL-LINES; ACCUMULATION; PROGRESSION AB Objectives: A wide range of p53 mutations (5-65%), detected by various methods, has been reported in primary prostate cancers (CaP). IHC staining of radical prostatectomy specimens shows marked heterogeneity of focally distributed p53-positive cells. However, a significant relationship between the focal staining of p53 and cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy has been noted. Increased frequency of p53 mutations has been generally observed in advanced stage CaP and metastatic prostate cancer cell lines. The significance of focal p53 immunostaining in primary CaP remains uncertain with respect to the p53 gene mutation or tumor progression. The goal of this study was to evaluate p53 gene mutations in focal regions of primary prostate cancers positive by p53 immunostaining. Methods: Whole-mount prostates from men with clinically organ-confined prostate cancer were immunostained for p53 protein. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) was used to harvest p53 positive cells from areas of tumor and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and benign gland. DNA from microdissected cells were amplified for p53 exons 5-8 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed for mutations by single strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing. Mutation analysis of the p53 gene exons 5-8 was performed in the p53 immunostaining positive focal regions (1+ to 4+) of whole-mount prostate sections from 16 patients. Results: Of 16 patients with p53 IHC positive tumors, 11 (69%) had p53 gene mutations as determined by DNA sequence analysis. However, randomly microdissected tumor cells from 4 of 18 patients (22%) negative for p53 IHC also demonstrated mutations in the p53 gene. A significant fraction of prostate tumors with focally positive immunostaining for p53 have been confirmed to contain mutations in the p53 gene. Conclusions: p53 immunostaining guided LCM combined with DNA-based analyses emphasizes the presence of focal p53 mutations in primary prostate cancers and underscores the significance of previous observations showing a correlation between focal p53 immunostaining in primary CaP and cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Dept Surg, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Genitourinary Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Srivastava, S (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Dept Surg, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM ssrivastava@cpdr.org NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1365-7852 J9 PROSTATE CANCER P D JI Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. PY 2003 VL 6 IS 4 BP 281 EP 285 DI 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500665 PG 5 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 768EU UT WOS:000188531300004 PM 14663467 ER PT B AU Zoltani, CK Satya-Narayana, P Hisley, D AF Zoltani, CK Satya-Narayana, P Hisley, D BE Kacsuk, P Kotsis, G TI Evaluating performance of OpenMP and MPI on the SGI Origin 2000 with benchmarks of realistic problem sizes SO QUALITY OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROGRAMS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Austrian-Hungarian Workshop on Distributed and Parallel Systems (DAPSYS'2000) CY SEP 10-13, 2000 CL BALATONFURED, HUNGARY DE benchmarking; OpenMP; MPI; parallel computing performance AB Six applications benchmarks, including four NAS codes, provided by H. Jin and J. Wu, previously parallelized using OpenMP, and message-passing-interface (MPI), were run on a 128-processor SGI Origin 2000. Detailed profile data was collected to understand the factors causing imperfect scalability. Our results show that load imbalance and cost of remote accesses are the main factors in limited speed-up of the OpenMP versions, whereas communication costs are the single major factor in the performance of the MPI versions. C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, High Performance Comp Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Zoltani, CK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, High Performance Comp Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 1-59033-829-4 PY 2003 BP 83 EP 93 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY44X UT WOS:000189296000006 ER PT B AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, HE BE Shapiro, JH Hirota, O TI Secrecy capacity in the BB84 protocol of quantum cryptography SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATION, MEASUREMENT AND COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Quantum Communication, Measurement and Computing (QCMC 02) CY JUL 22-26, 2002 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA HO MIT AB I calculate the secrecy capacity of the BB84 protocol in the presence of an individual attack in which the eavesdropping probe is entangled with the signal states, and states of the probe become correlated with the states measured by the legitimate receiver. Emphasis is placed on information leakage to the eavesdropping probe. The calculation generalizes earlier work to include an arbitrary angle between the signal bases. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PRINCETON PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PRINCETON, NJ 07652 USA BN 1-58949-030-4 PY 2003 BP 383 EP 386 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BW77P UT WOS:000183135800081 ER PT S AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, HE BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Qubit decoherence and Wigner's friend SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation CY APR 21-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE quantum mechanics; qubit; measurement; decoherence; Schrodinger cat state; Wigner's friend AB Following a review of the physics of quantum decoherence, an instructive comparison is made between the mathematical description of qubit decoherence due to interaction with the environment, and certain aspects of the problem of Wigner's friend. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4965-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5105 BP 234 EP 242 DI 10.1117/12.485864 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BX48L UT WOS:000185395800025 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Tao, WK Simpson, J Lang, S AF Wang, Y Tao, WK Simpson, J Lang, S TI The sensitivity of tropical squall lines to surface fluxes: Three-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulations SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ocean-atmosphere interaction; ocean surface fluxes ID TOGA-COARE; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; MESOSCALE; EVOLUTION; LAYER; SHEAR; ORGANIZATION AB Two tropical oceanic squall lines, from the Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) and the Global Atmospheric Research Program Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE), that developed over the west Pacific and east Atlantic, respectively, are simulated using a three-dimensional cloud-resolving model to examine the impact of surface fluxes on tropical squall line development and associated precipitation processes. The important question of how convective available potential energy (CAPE) is maintained in clear and cloudy areas in the tropics is investigated. The boundary-layer structure and evolution in the clear inflow area are also discussed. Although the cloud structure and precipitation intensity are different between the TOGA COARE and GATE squall line cases, the effects of the surface fluxes on the amount of rainfall and on the cloud development processes are quite similar. The area where surface fluxes originated was categorized into clear and cloudy regions according to whether there was cloud in the vertical column. The model results indicated that the surface fluxes from the large clear-air environment are the dominant moisture source for tropical squall line development, even though the surface fluxes in the cloud region display a large peak. The high-energy air from the boundary layer in the clear area is what feeds the convection, while the CAPE is removed by the convection. Trajectory and water budget analyses also indicate that most of the moisture (90%) is from the boundary layer of the clear-air environment. C1 Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, ATTN AMSRL CI EB, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 129 IS 589 BP 987 EP 1006 DI 10.1256/qj.00.131 PN C PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 661XW UT WOS:000181916000004 ER PT B AU Smith, SL Webb, JW Halstead, KC AF Smith, SL Webb, JW Halstead, KC GP USSD TI Demonstration of Portfolio Risk Assessment for Huntington District dams SO REDUCING RISK FROM EXTREME EVENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual United-States-Society-on-Dams Conference CY APR 14-18, 2003 CL Charleston, SC SP US Soc Dam, Duke Power, Santee Cooper, S Carolina Elect & Gas Co AB The objective of the Demonstration of Portfolio Risk Assessment (PRA) is to provide U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) staff with exposure to applying portfolio risk assessment techniques to dam safety assessment and prioritization decision-making. The lessons learned and experience gained during this PRA will be utilized to formulate future USACE policy for the use of risk assessment in the USACE Dam Safety Assurance (DSA) Program. The results will be used to direct future research efforts to expand and extend the existing risk assessment tools and procedures. Valuable insights will be derived in regard to the nature and significance of dam safety issues at the dams and the analysis can provide a possible basis for justifying and prioritizing dam safety investigations. The risk assessment process is not intended to make or prescribe dam safety decisions. These decisions will be made by the USACE. However, with the results of a PRA, the USACE is equipped to be in a better position to make informed decisions, especially for prioritizing further investigations and risk reduction measures The demonstration project was based on current PRA practice as applied in the U.S. and Australia. Typical formats for risk assessment results were used and various risk-based criteria currently in use by the USBR, BC Hydro and ANCOLD were implemented on a reference (or comparative) basis for evaluation by the USACE. The Demonstration PRA was conducted at a "reconnaissance" level of detail. It was based primarily on available information (e.g. engineering reports, analyses, and monitoring records), regional estimates of flood and earthquake loading-annual exceedence probability (AEP) relationships, breach-inundation modeling and consequences assessment. For certain variables, reasonable assumptions were made, based on engineering judgment and experience. When the working model is implemented, additional supporting engineering analyses may be conducted at the discretion of the USACE to improve and refine those initial assumptions. An A/E contractor and pertinent USACE team members prepared the report jointly. The report describes the Demonstration PRA process, and risk assessment inputs, results, findings and recommendations. Supporting analyses are described in appendices of the report. C1 USA Corps Engineers, Water Resources Engn Branch, Hydrol & Hydraul Sect, Huntington, WV 25701 USA. RP Smith, SL (reprint author), USA Corps Engineers, Water Resources Engn Branch, Hydrol & Hydraul Sect, Huntington Dist,502 8th St, Huntington, WV 25701 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNITED STATES SOC DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH ST, #483, DENVER, COLORADO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-32-3 PY 2003 BP 63 EP 71 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BAY35 UT WOS:000224177200005 ER PT B AU Smith, S Webb, J Ford, D AF Smith, S Webb, J Ford, D GP USSD TI Risk-benefit assessment of dam early warning systems SO REDUCING RISK FROM EXTREME EVENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual United-States-Society-on-Dams Conference CY APR 14-18, 2003 CL Charleston, SC SP US Soc Dam, Duke Power, Santee Cooper, S Carolina Elect & Gas Co AB Simply stated, flood warnings are issued to reduce risk to life and property. If there is sufficient lead time, more aggressive activities can be accomplished to reduce property damage, such as relocating contents of residences, businesses and municipalities; not to mention the ability to initiate flood fighting measures. More importantly, sufficient warning can enable persons to be evacuated when faced with such impending danger. Each action taken as the result of advanced planning and increased warning time has direct outcomes in terms of derived benefits. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) provides high quality and efficient support to the Nation's security and well being within a broad range of water resource related projects. To support the flood damage reduction mission, the COE, Huntington District owns and operates a complete gauging system for the purpose of making operational decisions on the 35 reservoirs within the District's boundaries. In addition, the Huntington District has developed and implemented several basin-wide flood warning systems (FWS), which share data with other Federal agencies as well as non-Federal entities and local communities. As a catalyst in accomplishing the goal of the flood control mission, Huntington District is responsible for operation and maintenance of approximately 260 gages over a 45,000 square mile area. Many of the other COE Districts share similar responsibilities within their boundaries. Ongoing inspection, maintenance and replacement are essential to provide a reliable system. Risk based analysis techniques provide little guidance on the extent of risk reduction that should be attributed to providing a FWS. Justification of the systems from a benefit cost analysis is fairly straight forward, but guidance is not available for the application of risk reduction attributed to the FWS associated with a catastrophic failure from a dam breach or other failure modes. A study is being conducted within the framework of a portfolio risk assessment for Huntington District dams which will develop a tool for establishing a risk and uncertainty correlation for an implemented FWS against a catastrophic failure. The risk assessment is not intended to make dam safety decisions, but merely to aid in the planning for such decisions. C1 Corps Engineers, Hydrol & Hydraul Sect, Huntington, WV 25701 USA. RP Smith, S (reprint author), Corps Engineers, Hydrol & Hydraul Sect, 502 8th St, Huntington, WV 25701 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNITED STATES SOC DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH ST, #483, DENVER, COLORADO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-32-3 PY 2003 BP 91 EP 100 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BAY35 UT WOS:000224177200007 ER PT B AU Patev, RC Putcha, CS AF Patev, RC Putcha, CS GP USSD TI Risk analysis methodologies for dam gates and operating equipment SO REDUCING RISK FROM EXTREME EVENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual United-States-Society-on-Dams Conference CY APR 14-18, 2003 CL Charleston, SC SP US Soc Dam, Duke Power, Santee Cooper, S Carolina Elect & Gas Co AB The paper will present the development of analysis tools for use in risk assessment of dam gates and associated operating equipment. The methodologies discussed will focus on using fault tree analysis of dam spillway system that concentrates on the failure of the dam gates and operational subsystems. Two different methods of pre-screening analysis will be presented and evaluated. The first method uses criticality analysis to rank each of the potential failure modes in a Failure Modes and Effects Analysis. The second method uses the traditional estimation of probabilities of failures in conjunction with importance ranking factors for the gate subsystems to estimate the probability of failure for overall gate system. Conclusions and recommendations will be made for each of the methods presented. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Concord, MA 01742 USA. RP Patev, RC (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, New England Dist, Concord, MA 01742 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNITED STATES SOC DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH ST, #483, DENVER, COLORADO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-32-3 PY 2003 BP 199 EP 209 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BAY35 UT WOS:000224177200015 ER PT B AU Blumeris, P Vaghar, S AF Blumeris, P Vaghar, S GP USSD TI Design considerations in retrofit of a dam to pass Probable Maximum Flood, Otter Brook Dam, Keene, New Hampshire, USA SO REDUCING RISK FROM EXTREME EVENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual United-States-Society-on-Dams Conference CY APR 14-18, 2003 CL Charleston, SC SP US Soc Dam, Duke Power, Santee Cooper, S Carolina Elect & Gas Co AB This paper outlines the considerations and evaluations undertaken to retrofit an embankment dam to pass the increased Probable Maximum Flood (PMF). Otter Brook Dam is a 133-ft high flood control earthfill dam, constructed in the late 1950s by the US Army Corps of Engineers, on a tributary of the Connecticut River in New Hampshire, USA. The latest flood predictions, based on Hydrometeorological Reports No. 51 and 52 (Reports issued by NOAA in 1978 and 1982) indicated that the dam would be overtopped under the PMF conditions. A number of options, ranging from raising the dam crest to widening the spillway and adding fuseplugs, to enable the darn to pass the PMF, were evaluated. Each option was evaluated from a technical viability viewpoint, as well as economic costs and potential impacts to environmental and archeological resources. The option of replacing the spillway with a fuseplug proved the most viable overall. This option involved minimal excavations of the abutment bedrock, no rerouting of access roads, and an additional dike along a section of the spillway channel. Issues considered included costs associated with earthworks in raising the dam, structural cost of raising the control tower and access bridge, cost of blasting and rock excavation, environmental impacts on flora and fauna established within the existing spillway, loss of flood protection due to potential lowering of the spillway, and a need for access to the control tower at the height of the PMF event. This paper summarizes the criteria used to select the option chosen to pass the PMF. The relative environmental and economic merit of six of the options is discussed. Technical considerations, and their influence on the viability of each option, are also presented. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Concord, MA USA. RP Blumeris, P (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Concord, MA USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNITED STATES SOC DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH ST, #483, DENVER, COLORADO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-32-3 PY 2003 BP 363 EP 372 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BAY35 UT WOS:000224177200030 ER PT B AU Klipsch, JD DeGeorge, JF AF Klipsch, JD DeGeorge, JF GP USSD TI HEC-RESSIM capabilities and plans SO REDUCING RISK FROM EXTREME EVENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual United-States-Society-on-Dams Conference CY APR 14-18, 2003 CL Charleston, SC SP US Soc Dam, Duke Power, Santee Cooper, S Carolina Elect & Gas Co AB The Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC) has developed a new reservoir simulation program named HEC-ResSim as the successor to the well-known HEC-5. The program joins the HEC NexGen suite of software that has been emerging since the mid 1990's. ResSim is completely new code and design, based on object-oriented principles, has a modem graphical user interface, and shares a common river network with other NexGen programs. It is designed for use in both conventional simulation analysis, as would be needed for planning and operation studies, and for implementation in a real-time decision support system. ResSim is the reservoir operations component of the Corps Water Management System (CWMS) that is now being deployed nation-wide in Corps offices. The first release of the program to Corps offices was early in calendar year 2002. Future versions of ResSim will have the capability for more complex reservoir simulation, including operation for hydropower requirements. New releases are planned on an annual basis. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Hydrol Engn Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP Klipsch, JD (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Hydrol Engn Ctr, Davis, CA USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNITED STATES SOC DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH ST, #483, DENVER, COLORADO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-32-3 PY 2003 BP 383 EP 392 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BAY35 UT WOS:000224177200032 ER PT B AU Plummer, T Hardin, K Adams, MF AF Plummer, T Hardin, K Adams, MF GP USSD TI Adding GIS to the dam safety data warehouse SO REDUCING RISK FROM EXTREME EVENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual United-States-Society-on-Dams Conference CY APR 14-18, 2003 CL Charleston, SC SP US Soc Dam, Duke Power, Santee Cooper, S Carolina Elect & Gas Co AB In recent years, the development of the World Wide Web and data warehouse concepts has spurred many new engineering applications. This paper focuses on the expansion of these technologies by utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to facilitate the distribution and use of information stored in a data warehouse. A pilot project was completed to demonstrate data management potential of using GIS to maintain and access dam safety data, instrumentation readings and surrounding geographic information. Digital geographic data included information freely available from Census Tiger, EPA hazard sites, ESRI land use, and other geographic data. This project demonstrated the capability of GIS as a valuable tool for management of digital and textual information. The development of a Web-based GIS viewer used to distribute information to all District personnel succeeded the pilot project. Although technology is essential to competitiveness, it is at times difficult to focus technology sustainability as a part of dam safety strategy. Development of the dam safety warehouse and GIS viewer involved a process of information gathering among engineers, contractors, and in-house dam safety professionals to improve the evaluation process. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Huntington, WV 25705 USA. RP Plummer, T (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Huntington Dist,502 8th St, Huntington, WV 25705 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNITED STATES SOC DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH ST, #483, DENVER, COLORADO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-32-3 PY 2003 BP 681 EP 688 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BAY35 UT WOS:000224177200052 ER PT S AU Bishop, MJ Dunbar, JB Peyman-Dove, LP AF Bishop, MJ Dunbar, JB Peyman-Dove, LP BE Ehlers, M TI Integration of remote sensing (LiDAR, electromagnetic conductivity) and geologic data toward the condition assessment of levee systems SO REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, GIS APPLICATIONS, AND GEOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring, GIS Applications and Geology CY SEP 23-26, 2002 CL AGIA PELAGIA, GREECE SP SPIE DE LiDAR; electromagnetic conductivity; levee; condition assessment AB Remote sensing technologies are used to collect data that measure properties of materials that comprise the earth"s surface, subsurface, and man-made features such as levees constructed of these materials. Scientists use, manipulate, and analyze these data to make inferences about levee materials as, well as identify local areas where intensive field investigation resources might most efficiently be spent. In this current study, airborne LiDAR and electromagnetic (EM) conductivity data have been processed and integrated with other digital data to identify specific areas within a levee system where anomalies exist. Preliminary results support the idea that changes in material type and the presence of man-made, levee-perforating structures do cause recognizable effects on recorded EM conductivities. Planned site investigations at identified EM anomalous areas will focus the efforts of field crews to determine the causes and significance of anomalies. As the field season progresses and data from in situ testing of levee materials are analyzed, relationships between material types and the EM data will be represented in graphics. Results of the study will be used to calibrate a model with which levee systems can be assessed for compliance with certain design specifications as well as predicting performance during flood events. C1 USA, Corps Engineers Res & Dev Ctr, CEERC, EE,C, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Bishop, MJ (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers Res & Dev Ctr, CEERC, EE,C, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4668-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4886 BP 400 EP 407 DI 10.1117/12.462112 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW50F UT WOS:000182227700043 ER PT B AU Birx, DL AF Birx, DL BE Vicari, M Dodet, B Girard, M TI International HIV vaccine development: lessons learned in Thailand applied to regional development in East Africa; perspective from a sponsor SO RETROVIRUSES OF HUMAN AIDS AND RELATED ANIMAL DISEASES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Cent Gardes Symposium CY OCT 27-29, 2002 CL ANNECY, FRANCE SP Merieux Fdn, Aventis Pasteur, Participat IAVI ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; NORTHERN THAILAND; YOUNG MEN; SUBTYPE-A; RECOMBINANTS; INFECTION; DIVERSITY; TRIALS; TRANSMISSION C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. RP Birx, DL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ET MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23, RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE BN 2-84299-389-6 PY 2003 BP 169 EP 178 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Research & Experimental Medicine; Virology GA BX14W UT WOS:000184433300026 ER PT S AU Parola, P Sanogo, OY Lerdthusnee, K Zeaiter, Z Chauvancy, G Gonzalez, JP Miller, RS Tellford, SR Wongsrichanalai, C Raoult, D AF Parola, P Sanogo, OY Lerdthusnee, K Zeaiter, Z Chauvancy, G Gonzalez, JP Miller, RS Tellford, SR Wongsrichanalai, C Raoult, D BE Hechemy, KE AvsicZupanc, T Childs, JE Raoult, DA TI Identification of Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella spp. in fleas froln the Thai-Myanmar border SO RICKETTSIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije DE Bartonella; Rickettsia; rickettsioses; Ctenocephalides; Nosopsyllus; fleas; Thailand ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SPOTTED-FEVER GROUP; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CAT FLEAS; FELIS; HENSELAE; INFECTION; EUROPE AB During a survey for possible rickettsial vectors in villages of the central part of the Thai-Myanmar border from September 2001 to February 2002, four species of fleas were collected from common peridomestic animals. All fleas were tested by PCR to detect DNA of bacteria of the genera Rickettsia (gltA and ompB genes) and Bartonella (ITS and ftsZ genes). Sequencing of PCR-amplified products was done using gltA fragments for Rickettsia and ftsZ fragments for Bartonella. Two genotypes related to Rickettsia felis were identified in three Ctenocephalides canis and one C. felis specimen. Further, the following Bartonella spp. were detected: Bartonella henselae in two C. felis specimens; Bartonella clarridgeiae in three C. felis specimens; and a new Bartonella genotype in one Nosopsylla fasciatus specimen. Rickettsia and Bartonella may be frequently detected in fleas infesting peridomestic animals from the western border of Thailand. C1 WHO, Collaborat Ctr Rickettsial Reference & Res, Fac Med, CNRS,UMR 6020,Unite Rickettsies, F-13385 Marseille 5, France. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol & Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Lab Publ Hlth Entomol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Inst Rech Dev UR34, Salaya, Nakhom Pathom, Thailand. RP Raoult, D (reprint author), WHO, Collaborat Ctr Rickettsial Reference & Res, Fac Med, CNRS,UMR 6020,Unite Rickettsies, IFR 48,27 Blvd Jean Moulin, F-13385 Marseille 5, France. OI Gonzalez, Jean-Paul/0000-0003-3063-1770 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 39002] NR 20 TC 82 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 6 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-444-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 990 BP 173 EP 181 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09Q UT WOS:000184284900030 PM 12860622 ER PT S AU Khuntirat, B Lerdthusnee, K Leepitakrat, W Kengluecha, A Wongkalasin, K Monkanna, T Mungviriya, S Jones, JW Coleman, RE AF Khuntirat, B Lerdthusnee, K Leepitakrat, W Kengluecha, A Wongkalasin, K Monkanna, T Mungviriya, S Jones, JW Coleman, RE BE Hechemy, KE AvsicZupanc, T Childs, JE Raoult, DA TI Characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi isolated from wild-caught rodents and chiggers in northern Thailand SO RICKETTSIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije DE Orientia tsutsugamushi; scrub typhus; PCR; RFLP; genotyping ID SCRUB TYPHUS AB We previously reported Orientia tsutsugamushi detection from tissue samples (kidney, liver, spleen, and whole blood) of 12 wild-caught rodents from Chiangrai Province, northern Thailand. Of the 30 chiggers individually removed from scrub typhus-infected rodents, 2 were found positive for O. tsutsugamushi. We further characterized the O. tsutsugamushi detected from these rodents and chiggers by RFLP using three different enzyme digestions. All 14 O. tsutsugamushi samples (12 from tissue samples and 2 from chiggers) showed different digestion patterns when compared to those of reference strains (Karp, Kato, and Gilliam). Interestingly, nine RFLP profiles were observed from these 14 samples suggesting the presence of high genetic diversity of O. tsutsugamushi in this area. Furthermore, one sample displayed the same RFLP pattern as that of O. tsutsugamushi mild resistant strain previously isolated from scrub typhus patient in Chiangrai. Of the two samples from positive chiggers, only one was found to have a similar RFLP pattern to that of its host rodent. DNA sequencing of the entire 56 kDa genome of these O. tsutsugamushi samples is in progress. C1 USAMC, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Lerdthusnee, K (reprint author), USAMC, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, 315-6 Rajvithi Rd,Phya Thai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-444-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 990 BP 205 EP 212 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09Q UT WOS:000184284900035 PM 12860627 ER PT S AU Thompson, HA Hoover, TA Vodkin, MH Shaw, EI AF Thompson, HA Hoover, TA Vodkin, MH Shaw, EI BE Hechemy, KE AvsicZupanc, T Childs, JE Raoult, DA TI Do chromosomal deletions in the lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic regions explain all cases of phase variation in Coxiella burnetii strains? An update SO RICKETTSIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije DE Coxiella burnetii; phase variation; chromosomal deletions ID I LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; HETEROGENEITY; VARIANTS; INTRASTRAIN; PRISCILLA; VIRULENCE C1 CDCP, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Econ Entomol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Thompson, HA (reprint author), CDCP, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-444-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 990 BP 664 EP 670 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09Q UT WOS:000184284900112 PM 12860704 ER PT B AU Stakhiv, EZ AF Stakhiv, EZ BE Haimes, YY Moser, DA Stakhiv, EZ TI Disintegrated water resources management in the US: The union of Sysiphus and Pandora SO RISK-BASED DECISIONMAKING IN WATER RESOURCES X LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th United-Engineering-Foundation Conference on Risk-Based Decisionmaking in Water Resources CY NOV 03-08, 2002 CL Santa Barbara, CA SP United Engn Fdn, Univ Council Water Resources, Amer Soc Civil, Environm & Water Resources Inst, Water & Environm Planning & Management Comm AB It is important to think of the future in a more comprehensive way. The present high-level water policies have good intentions, but little follow-through, giving them a Sysiphean aspect. We need a broad guiding national philosophy directly related to the principles of integrated water management (IWRM) and sustainable development (SD). Both IWRM and SD require a uniform set of planning and management principles, consistently applied. A national water policy would be a good starting-point. In the absence of a central federal water infrastructure agency or an interagency council, a President's Water Council may be the needed interim solution. There is a Pandora's box of current difficulties in federal water management, but we can always have hope that among the changes that are surely coming we will have positive solutions. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Stakhiv, EZ (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0694-4 PY 2003 BP 146 EP 154 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BAH19 UT WOS:000222203400012 ER PT S AU Bailey, DM Cash, CG Davies, AG AF Bailey, DM Cash, CG Davies, AG BE Rossiter, WJ Wallace, TJ TI Update: Service life tests for roofing membranes SO ROOFING RESEARCH AND STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT: 5TH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Roofing Research and Standards Development CY DEC 07, 2003 CL TAMPA, FL SP Amer Soc Testing Math Int Comm D0 8 Roofing & Waterproofing DE APP; asphalt-glass fiber felt BUR; BUR; durability; EPDM; heat exposure; polymer modified; properties; PVC; ranking; roofing; SBS; service life; single ply; TPO; UV exposure AB This research measured selected physical characteristics of twelve roofing membranes before and after oven heat and ultraviolet exposure. To make these data useful for comparing values, identical test methods and conditions were used for each membrane. We intend to compare these data with before and after exposure data obtained on companion samples exposed outdoors at three locations in the United States in an effort to determine the laboratory program that might accurately predict the performance of roofing membranes. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL USA. RP Bailey, DM (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 8 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3469-X J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2003 VL 1451 BP 136 EP 143 DI 10.1520/STP11455S PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BX90R UT WOS:000186780000010 ER PT J AU Flowers, R AF Flowers, R TI Research supports navigation at federal coastal inlets SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Flowers, R (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 40 EP 41 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 639JA UT WOS:000180623800019 ER PT S AU Lathrop, SD Conti, GJ Ragsdale, DJ AF Lathrop, SD Conti, GJ Ragsdale, DJ BE Irvine, C Armstrong, H TI Information warfare in the trenches - Experiences from the firing range SO SECURITY EDUCATION AND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES SE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual World Conference on Information Security Education CY JUN 26-28, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Int Federat Informat Proc, TC11, WG11 8 DE information warfare; information assurance; education; educational laboratories AB With the increased potential of a bona fide cyber terrorist attack and the possibility of a future "war in the wires", we must continue to improve the education and training of individuals responsible for defending our national borders-whether those borders are physical or electronic. The Information Analysis and Research (IWAR) laboratory at the United States Military Academy (USMA) has proven to be an exceptional resource for such an education for our cadets and faculty studying information warfare and information assurance. The laboratory has also been successful in motivating the need for continued education and training in this area on a much larger scope. This paper justifies why information warfare laboratories are necessary, describes the phenomenon that is occurring as a result of the IWAR lab, explains the current configuration, and presents lessons learned that others might use in designing an Information Warfare laboratory. While this paper has a military context, the results apply to any university, corporation, or nonprofit organization desiring to increase awareness and improve education in the area of information warfare. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA SN 1571-5736 BN 1-4020-7478-6 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2003 VL 125 BP 19 EP 39 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BX11Q UT WOS:000184323700002 ER PT S AU Conti, G Hill, J Lathrop, S Alford, K Ragsdale, D AF Conti, G Hill, J Lathrop, S Alford, K Ragsdale, D BE Irvine, C Armstrong, H TI A comprehensive undergraduate information assurance program SO SECURITY EDUCATION AND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES SE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual World Conference on Information Security Education CY JUN 26-28, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Int Federat Informat Proc, TC11, WG11 8 DE information assurance; education; information warfare; computer security education; computer security AB This paper describes the experience of our institution in creating a comprehensive undergraduate information assurance (IA) program. An interdisciplinary approach was undertaken in order to include a larger portion of the student body and faculty and thus influence a broader audience. The program includes a wide variety of mutually supporting information assurance activities including a research center, coursework, an information warfare laboratory, a cyber defense exercise, an outreach program, conferences, trips, summer internships, a guest speaker program, a National Security Agency Liaison program, summer student internships, faculty sabbaticals and a student information warfare club. This paper organizes discussion of these activities into the student experience, building faculty expertise, and organizational support. The catalyst for these activities has been the formation of the Military Academy's dedicated information assurance research center, the Information Technology and Operations Center (ITOC), and the continuing support from and interaction with the National Security Agency. The primary goal of this paper is to provide a descriptive resource to educators who wish to implement an undergraduate or graduate level information assurance program. It is our sincere hope to inspire and aid others in starting similar programs. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Informat Technol & Operat Ctr, W Point, NY USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA SN 1571-5736 BN 1-4020-7478-6 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2003 VL 125 BP 243 EP 260 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BX11Q UT WOS:000184323700022 ER PT B AU Mackay, RA AF Mackay, RA BE Robinson, BH TI Applications of self-assembly to chemical biological defense SO SELF-ASSEMBLY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Self-Assembly - the Future CY APR, 2002 CL Massa Marittima, ITALY SP USA, Italian Minist Res, United States Natl Sci Fdn ID ENSEMBLE; METAL AB Two self-assembled systems have been investigated for potential application to chemical biological (CB) defense; gold nanoparticles and functionalized dendritic polymers (dendrimers). The former system consists of nanometer-sized gold particles encapsulated by monomolecular layers of alkanethiol surfactant deposited as thin films on microelectrodes. These films have been shown to be sensitive as chemical vapor detectors. The latter system consist of antibody-dendrimer conjungates shown to improve the sensitivity of immunoassays for microorganisms as well as dendrimers derivatized with reactive groups which decontaminate 1-chloroethylsulfide. These same materials have been incorporated into a cream to provide topical skin protection against chemical agents. C1 USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Mackay, RA (reprint author), USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 1-58603-382-4 PY 2003 BP 17 EP 24 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY85T UT WOS:000189479800003 ER PT S AU Scanlon, M AF Scanlon, M BE Carapezza, EM TI Acoustic sensors in the helmet detect voice and physiology SO SENSORS, AND COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE (C3I) TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND DEFENSE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) Technologies for Homeland Defense and Law Enforcement II CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE acoustic; physiology; heart; sensor; performance; firefighter; blood pressure; breath; helmet; OFW AB The Army Research Laboratory has developed body-contacting acoustic sensors that detect diverse physiological sounds such as heartbeats and breaths, high quality speech, and activity. These sensors use an acoustic impedance-matching gel contained in a soft, compliant pad to enhance the body borne sounds, yet significantly repel airborne noises due to an acoustic impedance mismatch. The signals from such a sensor can be used as a microphone with embedded physiology, or a dedicated digital signal processor can process packetized data to separate physiological parameters from voice, and log parameter trends for performance surveillance. Acoustic sensors were placed inside soldier helmets to monitor voice, physiology, activity, and situational awareness clues such as bullet shockwaves from sniper activity and explosions. The sensors were also incorporated into firefighter breathing masks, neck and wrist straps, and other protective equipment. Heart rate, breath rate, blood pressure, voice and activity can be derived from these sensors (reports at www.arl.army.mil/acoustics). Having numerous sensors at various locations provides a means for array processing to reduce motion artifacts, calculate pulse transit time for passive blood pressure measurement, and the origin of blunt/penetrating traumas such a ballistic wounding. These types of sensors give us the ability to monitor soldiers and civilian emergency first-responders in demanding environments, and provide vital signs information to assess their health status and how that person is interacting with the environment and mission at hand. The Objective Force Warrior, Scorpion, Land Warrior, Warrior Medic, and other military and civilian programs can potentially benefit from these sensors. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Scanlon, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4930-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5071 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1117/12.486064 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BX80U UT WOS:000186496400006 ER PT S AU Jones, JP Fell, NF Alexander, T Dorschner, K Tombrello, C Reis, BR Fountain, AW AF Jones, JP Fell, NF Alexander, T Dorschner, K Tombrello, C Reis, BR Fountain, AW BE Carapezza, EM TI Surface-enhanced Raman substrate optimization for bacterial identification SO SENSORS, AND COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE (C3I) TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND DEFENSE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) Technologies for Homeland Defense and Law Enforcement II CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; bacteria; biological detection ID SILVER ELECTRODE; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; PYRIDINE AB The threat of biological agents to soldiers and the civilian community was amply demonstrated in the fall of 2001. We are examining the feasibility of using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to detect and identify bacteria. In order to use SERS for bacterial detection and identification, it is necessary to determine the most appropriate type of SERS substrate to use. We are examining gold colloids in suspension, immobilized gold colloids, electrochemically roughened gold, periodic particle arrays (PPA), and film over nanosphere substrates (FONS). Briefly, PPA's are prepared by depositing gold or silver in the interstitial spaces in a close-packed array of polystyrene nanospheres, while FONS are prepared by depositing approximately half a nanosphere diameter of gold or silver on top of a close-packed array of polymer nanospheres. We are evaluating each of these substrate types to determine which will have a high affinity for bacteria, whether we need to modify the surface of the substrate to attract bacteria, and the degree to which each type of substrate enhances the Raman scattering from the bacterial targets. We will present the results of our initial evaluations of substrates and the spectra obtained for several species of bacteria. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Jones, JP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4930-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5071 BP 205 EP 211 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BX80U UT WOS:000186496400023 ER PT S AU Meitzler, T Bednarz, D Lane, K Sohn, EJ Bryk, D Bankowski, E Jozwiak, R Andrews, R AF Meitzler, T Bednarz, D Lane, K Sohn, EJ Bryk, D Bankowski, E Jozwiak, R Andrews, R BE Carapezza, EM TI Comparison of 2D and 3D displays and sensor fusion for threat detection, surveillance, and telepresence SO SENSORS, AND COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE (C3I) TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND DEFENSE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) Technologies for Homeland Defense and Law Enforcement II CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB Visible, infrared (IR) and sensor-fused imagery of scenes that contain occluded camouflaged threats are compared on a two dimensional (2D) display and a three dimensional (3D) display. A 3D display is compared alongside a 2D monitor for hit and miss differences in the probability of detection of objects. Response times are also measured. Image fusion is achieved using a Gaussian Laplacian pyramidal approach with wavelets for edge enhancement. Detecting potential threats that are camouflaged or difficult to see is important not only for military acquisition problems but, also for crowd surveillance as well as tactical use such as on border patrols. Imaging and display technologies that take advantage of 3D and sensor fusion will be discussed. C1 USA, TACOM, Survivabil Technol Area, Warren, MI 48937 USA. RP Meitzler, T (reprint author), USA, TACOM, Survivabil Technol Area, Warren, MI 48937 USA. RI Meitzler, Thomas/D-1065-2017 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4930-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5071 BP 536 EP 542 DI 10.1117/12.486969 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BX80U UT WOS:000186496400058 ER PT J AU Hasan, S Krishnaiah, A Ghosh, TK Viswanath, DS Boddu, VM Smith, ED AF Hasan, S Krishnaiah, A Ghosh, TK Viswanath, DS Boddu, VM Smith, ED TI Adsorption of chromium(VI) on chitosan-coated Perlite SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chitosan; Perlite; chromium; adsorption; desorption ID CROSS-LINKED CHITOSAN; METAL-IONS; ACTIVATED CARBON; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; REMOVAL; CR(VI); IRON; ADSORBENTS; SEPARATION; BEHAVIOR AB Chitosan-coated perlite beads were prepared by drop-wise addition of a liquid slurry containing chitosan and perlite to an alkaline bath. The beads were characterized by SEM and EDS x-ray microanalysis. The chitosan content of the beads was 23%, as determined by a pyrolysis method. Adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions on chitosan-coated perlite beads was studied under both equilibrium and dynamic conditions. The effect of pH on adsorption was also investigated. The data were fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption capacity of chitosan-coated perlite was found to be 104 mg/g of adsorbent from a solution containing 5000 ppm of Cr(VI). On the basis of chitosan, the capacity was 452 mg/g of chitosan. The capacity was considerably higher than that of chitosan in its natural and modified forms, which was in the range of 11.3 to 78 mg/g of chitosan. The beads loaded with chromium were regenerated with sodium hydroxide solution of different concentrations. A limited number of adsorption-desorption cycles indicated that the chitosan-coated beads could be regenerated. and. reused to remove Cr(VI) from waste streams. C1 Univ Missouri, Nucl Sci & Engn Inst, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Labs, Champaign, IL USA. RP Ghosh, TK (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Nucl Sci & Engn Inst, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 37 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 21 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 15 BP 3775 EP 3793 DI 10.1081/SS-120024229 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 727TW UT WOS:000185677800009 ER PT J AU Garner, JM Weinacht, P Kaste, RP AF Garner, JM Weinacht, P Kaste, RP TI Experimental validation of elliptical fin-opening behavior SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB An effort to improve the performance of ordnance has led to the consideration of the use of folding elliptical fins for projectile stabilization. A second order differential equation was used to model elliptical fin deployment history and accounts for: deployment with respect to the geometric properties of the fin, the variation in fin aerodynamics during deployment, the initial yaw effect on fin opening, and the variation in deployment speed based on changes in projectile spin. This model supports tests conducted at the Transonic Experimental Facility, Aberdeen Proving Ground examining the opening behavior of these uniquely shaped fins. The fins use the centrifugal force from the projectile spin to deploy. During the deployment, the fin aerodynamic forces vary with angle-of-attack changes to the free stream. Model results indicate that projectile spin dominates the initial opening rates and aerodynamics dominate near the fully open state. The model results are examined to explain the observed behaviors, and suggest improvements for later designs. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Garner, JM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Bldg 390, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2003 VL 10 IS 2 BP 115 EP 126 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 690LR UT WOS:000183551100004 ER PT S AU Pham, T Whipps, GT AF Pham, T Whipps, GT BE Kadar, I TI Acoustic signal processing toolbox for array processing SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XII CY APR 21-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE acoustic; array processing; MATLAB (R) toolbox; DOA estimation; beamforming AB The US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has developed an acoustic signal processing toolbox (ASPT) for acoustic sensor array processing. The intent of this document is to describe the toolbox and its uses. The ASPT is a GUI-based software that is developed and runs under MATLAB(R). The current version, ASPT 3.0, requires MATLAB(R) 6.0 and above. ASPT contains a variety of narrowband (NB) and incoherent and coherent wideband (WB) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation and beamforming algorithms that have been researched and developed at ARL. Currently, ASPT contains 16 DOA and beamforming algorithms. It contains several different NB and WB versions of the MVDR, MUSIC and ESPRIT algorithms. In addition, there are a variety of pre-processing, simulation and analysis tools available in the toolbox. The user can perform simulation or real data analysis for all algorithms with user-defined signal model parameters and array geometries. C1 USA, Res Labs, AMSRL,SE,SA, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Pham, T (reprint author), USA, Res Labs, AMSRL,SE,SA, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4956-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5096 BP 597 EP 606 DI 10.1117/12.488051 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54P UT WOS:000185646200054 ER PT S AU Temmen, M Ashley, P AF Temmen, M Ashley, P BE Udd, E Kreger, ST Bush, J TI Inertial sensor components using polymer waveguide technology SO SIXTH PACIFIC NORTHWEST FIBER OPTIC SENSOR WORKSHOP SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Pacific Northwest Fiber Optic Sensor Workshop CY MAY 14-15, 2003 CL TROUTDALE, OR SP Blue Rd Res AB Polymer technology for use in Inertial Sensor systems can provide a method for a much higher level of integration as compared to systems using lithium niobate modulator technology. Performance approaches the same level as LiNbO3 while additionally providing a much lower cost of manufacture. Integration of polymer structures for couplers and modulators are discussed with some concepts for complete monolithic integration of all components and prototype assemblies. C1 US Army Aviat & Missile Command, Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. RP Temmen, M (reprint author), US Army Aviat & Missile Command, Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5172-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5278 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1117/12.544393 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY18M UT WOS:000188093700008 ER PT S AU Bankowski, E Miles, C Saboe, MS AF Bankowski, E Miles, C Saboe, MS BE Smith, RC TI Health monitoring and diagnostics of ground combat vehicles SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2003: MODELING, SIGNAL PROCESSING, AND CONTROL SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2003 Conference CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, ASME, SEM, Boeing Co, Rhombus Consultant Grp, CSA Engn Inc, ISIS Canada, USAF, Off Sci Res, DARPA, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res Off, Jet Propuls Lab, USN, Off Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Res Lab DE health monitoring; diagnostics; prognostics AB The proposed technology is the Dependable Automated Reconfigurable Software (DARTS). The DARTS health and situation control continually tests the processing elements with Probe/Agent technology. Algorithms within the Health & Situation Control assess the health of the processors based on a criticality scoring system that considers mission requirements. Probes launched by the DARTS Controller query processing elements. The probed data is sent to a gauge that has a variable sensitivity or gain. Statistical Usage models and criticality scoring control the sensitivity of the gauge. In response to the gauge, the replicating process launches agents that can insert anomalous events for diagnostic purposes. In this context, a probe is a subset of an agent having only the ability to query without affecting framework, I/O protocol or Quality of Service. Each weapon system fitted with a DARTS Controller will control self-repair and reconfiguration of on-board processors utilizing a statistical based intelligent scoring system. It considers criticality of the function in the current battlefield situation. DARTS is a software system that enhances the performance of a weapon system by providing on-the-fly reconfiguration to accommodate the loss or malfunction of processing elements or to optimize onboard performance capability. C1 US ARMY TACOM, Q Labs, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Bankowski, E (reprint author), US ARMY TACOM, Q Labs, 6301 Ivy Lane, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4854-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5049 BP 138 EP 145 DI 10.1117/12.482695 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX42X UT WOS:000185235300014 ER PT S AU Ruffin, PB AF Ruffin, PB BE Varadan, VK Kish, LB TI Optical MEMS-based arrays SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2003: SMART ELECTRONICS, MEMS, BIOMEMS, AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2003 Conference CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, ASME, SEM, Boeing Co, Rhombus Consultant Grp, CSA Engn Inc, ISIS Canada, USAF, Off Sci Res, DARPA, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res Off, Jet Propuls Lab, USN, Off Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Res Lab DE optical MEMS; micro-mirrors; phased arrays; optical scanner AB Industrial Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) developers are rapidly bringing to demonstration inertial, radio frequency, and optical MEMS devices and components. The Army has a requirement for compact, highly reliable, and inexpensive laser beam steering components for missile seekers and unmanned aerial vehicles remote sensing components to provide a fast scanning capability for pointing, acquisition, tracking, and data communication. The coupling of this requirement with recent developments in the micro-optics area, has led scientists and engineers at the Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) to consider optical MEMS-based phased arrays, which-have potential applications in the commercial industry as well as in the military, as a replacement for gimbals. Laser beam steering in commercial applications such as free space communication, scanning display, bar-code reading, and gimbaled seekers; require relatively large monolithic micro-mirrors to accomplish the required optical resolution. The Army will benefit from phased arrays composed of relatively small micro-mirrors that can be actuated through large deflection angles with substantially reduced response times. The AMCOM Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) has initiated a research project to develop MEMS-based phased arrays for use in a small volume, inexpensive Laser Detection and Ranging (LADAR) seeker that is particularly attractive because of its ability to provide large field-of-regard and autonomous target acquisition for reconnaissance mission applications. The primary objective of the collaborative project with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is to develop rugged, MEMS-based phased arrays for incorporation into the 2-D scanner of a LADAR seeker. Design challenges and approach to achieving performance requirements will be discussed. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, ATTN AMSAM RD MG SP, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Ruffin, PB (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, ATTN AMSAM RD MG SP, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4860-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5055 BP 230 EP 241 DI 10.1117/12.497452 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BX42Y UT WOS:000185235400026 ER PT S AU Tingle, JS Webster, SL AF Tingle, JS Webster, SL GP TRB TRB TRB TI Corps of engineers design of geosynthetic-reinforced unpaved roads SO SOIL MECHANICS 2003: SOILS, GEOLOGY, AND FOUNDATIONS SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 82nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 12-16, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, Bur Transportat Stat, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Fed Railroad Adm, Fed Transit Adm, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Res & Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA AB U.S. Army Corps of Engineers design procedure was reviewed to validate the existing criteria for geotextile-reinforced unpaved roads and to modify the criteria for the addition of stiff biaxial geogrids. Geogrid stiffness here refers to products demonstrating good torsional rigidity and aperture stability. The theoretical basis for the existing design procedure was reviewed to ensure that appropriate assumptions were used to derive the current design method. Historical test section results were used to validate the empirical bearing-capacity factors, N-c, used for unreinforced and geotextile-reinforced base materials. In addition, an empirical bearing-capacity factor for geogrid reinforcement was derived to modify the existing design procedure for both geotextile and geogrid use. The relevant theory used in the development of the existing design method to establish the basis for the analyses is described. Previously unpublished test section results are presented and used to calculate experimental bearing-capacity factors, and the calculated factors are compared with the theoretical values used in the existing procedure. The results of the analyses support the use of the existing design procedure's bearing-capacity factor for unreinforced sections; the existing bearing-capacity factor for geotextile-reinforced unpaved roads appears to be unconservative for the conditions of the full-scale test section presented. Finally, a bearing-capacity factor for the use of a geogrid and geotextile combination is recommended for modification of the existing Corps of Engineers design procedure. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD GM A, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. CEERD, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Tingle, JS (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD GM A, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-08584-5 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2003 IS 1849 BP 193 EP 201 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Soil Science; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Agriculture; Transportation GA BY18W UT WOS:000188096700021 ER PT J AU Walsh, ME Collins, CM Jenkins, TF Hewitt, AD Stark, J Myers, K AF Walsh, ME Collins, CM Jenkins, TF Hewitt, AD Stark, J Myers, K TI Sampling for explosives-residues at Fort Greely, Alaska SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE TNT; RDX; detonation; UXO; impact area AB Fort Greely, Alaska has an extensive complex of weapon training and testing areas located on lands withdrawn from the public domain under the Military Lands Withdrawal Act (PL 106-65). The Army has pledged to implement a program to identify possible munitions contamination. Because of the large size (344,165,000 m(2)) of the high hazard impact areas, characterization of these constituents will be difficult. We used an authoritative sampling design to find locations most likely to contain explosives-residues on three impact areas. We focused our sampling on surface soils and collected multi-increment and discrete samples at locations of known firing events and from areas on the range that had craters, pieces of munitions, targets, or a designation as a firing point. In the two impact areas used primarily by the Army, RDX was the most frequently detected explosive. In the impact area that was also used by the Air Force, TNT was the most frequently detected explosive. Where detected, the explosives concentrations generally were low (<0.05 mg/kg) except in soils near low-order detonations, where the explosive-filler was in contact with the soil surface. These low-order detonations potentially can serve as localized sources for groundwater contamination if positioned in recharge areas. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Walsh, ME (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM marianne@crrel.usace.army.mil NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2003 VL 12 IS 5 BP 631 EP 645 DI 10.1080/10588330390246206 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 764XR UT WOS:000188232400003 ER PT B AU Ulrich, MP AF Ulrich, Marybeth Peterson BE Forster, A Edmunds, T Cottey, A TI Armed Forces and Society in Slovakia SO SOLDIERS AND SOCIETIES IN POST-COMMUNIST EUROPE: LEGITIMACY AND CHANGE SE One Europe or Several LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USA, War Coll, Dept Natl Secur & Strategy, Washington, DC USA. RP Ulrich, MP (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Dept Natl Secur & Strategy, Washington, DC USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-52308-1 J9 ONE EUR SEVERAL PY 2003 BP 56 EP 75 D2 10.1057/9780230523081 PG 20 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BPM88 UT WOS:000279348500005 ER PT J AU Forcales, M Gregorkiewicz, T Zavada, JM AF Forcales, M Gregorkiewicz, T Zavada, JM TI Silicon-based all-optical memory elements for 1.54 mu m photonics SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID STORAGE; SI; ER AB We present experimental evidence of an optical memory effect in crystalline silicon doped with Er3+ ions. It is observed at low temperature using two-color experiments in the visible and the mid-infrared (with a free-electron laser). Based on the physical mechanism governing the effect, possibilities for improvement of thermal stability and increase of archival time are discussed. An all-optical all-silicon memory element for use in photonic circuits is proposed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Van Der Waals Zeeman Inst, NL-1018 XE Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Zavada, JM (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 47 IS 1 BP 165 EP 168 AR PII S0038-1101(02)00275-7 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(02)00275-7 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 628JQ UT WOS:000179990500027 ER PT J AU Komirenko, SM Kim, KW Kochelap, VA Zavada, JM AF Komirenko, SM Kim, KW Kochelap, VA Zavada, JM TI Enhancement of hole injection for nitride-based light-emitting devices SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE UV emitter; group-III nitride; enhanced hole concentration; hole injection; superlattice ID REAL-SPACE TRANSFER; GAN; SEMICONDUCTORS; SUPERLATTICE; TRANSPORT AB A novel device design is proposed for a strong enhancement of hole injection current in nitride-based light-emitting heterostructures. Preliminary calculations show orders of magnitude increase in injected hole current when using the proposed superlattice hole injector device based on the real-space transfer concept. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Semicond Phys, UA-252650 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Zavada, JM (reprint author), USA, Res Off, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 47 IS 1 BP 169 EP 171 AR PII S0038-1101(02)00314-3 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(02)00314-3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 628JQ UT WOS:000179990500028 ER PT B AU Goradia, H AF Goradia, H BE Wells, J TI Army's sustainable design and development program for military facilities SO SOLUTIONS FOR ENERGY SECURITY AND FACILITY MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th World Energy Engineering Congress CY OCT 09-11, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Assoc Energy Engn Inc AB The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), in conjunction with the Office of Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Management (OACSIM), developed the Sustainable Project Rating Tool (SPiRiT), an easy-to-use system which allows building delivery teams to score various design features defining how sustainable a facility will be over its life cycle. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Goradia, H (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAIRMONT PRESS INC PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA BN 0-88173-411-X PY 2003 BP 145 EP 146 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW65S UT WOS:000182707200023 ER PT J AU Kizer, WS Prarie, T Morey, AF AF Kizer, WS Prarie, T Morey, AF TI Balanitis xerotica obliterans: Epidemiologic distribution in an equal access health care system SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ethnic groups; genital diseases; incidence studies; males ID SCLEROSUS-ET-ATROPHICUS; LICHEN-SCLEROSUS; HYPOSPADIAS REPAIR; CIRCUMCISION; PHIMOSIS; BOYS AB Background: We analyzed the incidence of balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) by both age and ethnicity at an equal-access health care facility. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed discharge records from 1997 to 1999 at Brooke At-my Medical Center to determine ethnicity and age of patients with BXO. Results: Of 153,432 male patients, 108 (0.070%) had a diagnosis of BXO. The age distribution was similar over a range from 2 to 90 years, with the exception of the third decade, when the incidence almost doubled. Black and Hispanic patients had twice the incidence found in white patients (10.59, 10.67 and 5.07 per 10,000 patients, respectively). Conclusion: At our equal-access health care facility. the incidence of BXO in black and Hispanic patients was double that in whites. This unexpected finding, in concert with the greater incidence in the third decade, may result from greater access to medical attention for these patients in the military setting. Nevertheless, further research into the origin of the disease is warranted. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Morey, AF (reprint author), Urol Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 9 EP 11 DI 10.1097/00007611-200301000-00004 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 646PM UT WOS:000181043500004 PM 12602705 ER PT S AU Roux, SJ Chatterjee, A Hillier, S Cannon, T AF Roux, SJ Chatterjee, A Hillier, S Cannon, T BE Horneck, G Vazquez, ME Porterfield, DM TI Early development of fern gametophytes in microgravity SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: MISSIONS TO MARS, RADIATION BIOLOGY, AND PLANTS AS A FOUNDATION FOR LONG-TERM LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN SPACE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F0 1 and F1 3-F2 3 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission F held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP CNES, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt eV, European Space Sci Comm, Int Astronaut Federat, Int Soc Study Origin Life, NASA, Comm Space Res ID CERATOPTERIS-RICHARDII; SPORES AB Dormant spores of the fern Ceratopteris richardii were flown on Shuttle mission STS-93 to evaluate the effects of micro-g on their development and on their pattern of gene expression. Prior to flight the spores were sterilized and sown into one of two environments: (1) Microscope slides in a video-microscopy module; and (2) Petri dishes. All spores were then stored in darkness until use. Spore germination was initiated on orbit after exposure to light. For the spores on microscope slides, cell level changes were recorded through the clear spore coat of the spores by video microscopy. After their exposure to light, spores in petri dishes were frozen in orbit at four different time points during which on earth gravity fixes the polarity of their development. Spores were then stored frozen in Biological Research in Canister units until recovery on earth. The RNAs from these cells and from 1-g control cells were extracted and analyzed on earth after flight to assay changes in gene expression. Video microscopy results revealed that the germinated spores developed normally in microgravity, although the polarity of their development, which is guided by gravity on earth, was random in space. Differential Display-PCR analyses of RNA extracted from space-flown cells showed that there was about a 5% change in the pattern of gene expression between cells developing in micro-g compared to those developing on earth. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 Univ Texas, Sect Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Germantown, MD USA. RP Roux, SJ (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sect Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 3 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 215 EP 220 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00749-4 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00749-4 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV98Q UT WOS:000180591400028 PM 12580177 ER PT J AU Jensen, JO AF Jensen, JO TI Vibrational frequencies and structural determination of hafnium tetrahydroborate SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE vibration modes; normal mode frequencies; infrared spectra; Raman spectra; hafnium tetrahydroborate; hafnium borohydride ID COMPACT EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; EXPONENT BASIS-SETS; TRANSITION-METAL; ZIRCONIUM; HF(BH4)4; CATALYSTS; EFFICIENT; ETHYLENE; SPECTRA; FILMS AB The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of of hafnium tetrahydroborate in T symmetry are examined theoretically using the Gaussian 98 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of to one of six types of motion (B-H stretch, Hf-B stretch, B-Hf-B bend, H-B-H bend, BH4 wag, and BH4 twist) predicted by a group theoretical analysis. By comparing the vibrational frequencies with IR and Raman spectra available in the literature, a set of scaling factors is derived. Theoretical IR and Raman intensities are reported. Quantum chemical calculations predict that the molecule does not possess strict T-d symmetry. The T-d structure possesses one negative eigenvalue. The minimum energy structure possesses T symmetry. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSSB, RRT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Jensen, JO (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSSB, RRT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1386-1425 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA A JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 59 IS 2 BP 379 EP 392 AR PII S1386-1425(02)00168-3 DI 10.1016/S1386-1425(02)00168-3 PG 14 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 626PY UT WOS:000179882900020 PM 12685912 ER PT J AU Wainner, RS Fritz, JM Irrgang, JJ Boninger, ML Delitto, A Allison, S AF Wainner, RS Fritz, JM Irrgang, JJ Boninger, ML Delitto, A Allison, S TI Reliability and diagnostic accuracy of the clinical examination and patient self-report measures for cervical radiculopathy SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE cervical radiculopathy; clinical examination; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test cluster; reliability ID DISK DISEASE; PHYSICAL-EXAMINATION; MEDICAL LITERATURE; LIKELIHOOD RATIOS; NERVE-CONDUCTION; USERS GUIDES; TESTS; PAIN; NECK; HISTORY C1 USA, Baylor Grad Program Phys Therapy, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Pittsburgh, PA USA. USA, Dept Med, Washington, DC USA. RP Wainner, RS (reprint author), 3151 Scott Rd,Suite 1303, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. OI Boninger, Michael/0000-0001-6966-919X NR 74 TC 185 Z9 191 U1 2 U2 23 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1 BP 52 EP 62 DI 10.1097/00007632-200301010-00014 PG 11 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 633YM UT WOS:000180312600013 PM 12544957 ER PT J AU Arthur, JH Beard, JT Ribando, RJ Patil, A Johnston, NP AF Arthur, JH Beard, JT Ribando, RJ Patil, A Johnston, NP TI An environmental control system - Assessment model for camouflaged shelters SO STROJNISKI VESTNIK-JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LA Slovene DT Article DE environmental control systems; mathematical algorithms; shelters; assessment models AB Mathematical algorithms have been developed as the foundation of an environmental assessment model for mobile shelters. The assessment model can be used for sizing the heating and cooling equipment and for evaluating the transient thermal responses of shelters under specified initial heat-up and cool-down conditions. This model differs from standard HVAC load models in the form of the transient responses that can be predicted for the shelter. Currently available commercial and public-domain HVAC models predict transient-load variations and energy usage based upon a fixed inside design temperature. Computer codes such as TRNSYS can predict transient indoor conditions, but require detailed input, which is usually not available for the typical shelter The new, shelter environmental assessment model has the ability to predict inside temperature as a function of variations in environment condition, HVAC equipment performance, and inside load conditions. The algorithms use a multi-node lumped-capacity model for the shelter walls, the equipment and the air inside the shelter since each of these elements has an energy-storage capacity. The model includes provisions for modeling camouflage netting as a thermal radiation shield having a negligible energy-storage capacity. Therefore, radiation-shield temperatures are computed from iterative, steady-state energy balances for each time step. The unknown temperatures for the elements with heat capacity are calculated at each point in time using a "marching" solution combined with the radiation-shield temperatures. The model is designed to accommodate the energy gains from equipment and personnel, and HVA C equipment operational features, with weather data for a specific location or from standard outdoor environmental conditions. (C) 2003 Journal of Mechanical Engineering. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Mil Inst, Dept Mech Engn, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. USA, CECOM, RD&E Ctr, Environm Syst & Fuel Cells Branch, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Arthur, JH (reprint author), Virginia Mil Inst, Dept Mech Engn, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. EM ashok.patil@armypower.army.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS TECHNICIANS SLOVENIA PI LJUBLJANA PA PO BOX 197-IV, LJUBLJANA 61001, SLOVENIA SN 0039-2480 J9 STROJ VESTN-J MECH E JI Strojniski Vestn.-J. Mech. Eng. PY 2003 VL 49 IS 11 BP 549 EP 557 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 802JB UT WOS:000220158700003 ER PT S AU Kecskes, LJ Trevino, SF Woodman, RH AF Kecskes, LJ Trevino, SF Woodman, RH BE Egami, T Greer, AL Inoue, A Ranganathan, S TI Glass-forming ability and crystallization behavior in high-density bulk metallic glasses SO SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS, GLASS TRANSITION AND BULK METALLIC GLASSES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Supercooled Liquids, Glass Transition and Bulk Metallic Glasses CY DEC 02-06, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, DARPA, Liquidmetal Technol ID AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; DECOMPOSITION; SCATTERING AB Alloys of composition (Hfx,Zr1-x)(57)Ti5Cu20Ni8Al10 and (Hfx,Zr1-x)(52.5)Ti5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10, where x = 0, 0.2, 0.4. 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0, were evaluated for glass-forming ability, and the devitrification behavior on heating of the (Hf-x,Zr1-x)(52.5)Ti5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10 glasses was examined. Glass-forming ability was determined by suction casting 3-mm-diameter rods, followed by neutron diffraction examination. Results show that substitution of Hf for Zr in these alloys degrades glass-forming ability, and that this effect is more pronounced in compositions of the (Hf-x,Zr1-x)(57)Ti5Cu20Ni8Al10 type. To examine devitrification behavior, thermal analysis was used to identify temperatures at which exothermic events occurred on heating in the (Hf-x,Zr1-x)(52.5)Ti5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10 series. The amorphous alloys were then subjected to annealing treatments corresponding to the exothermic events. Crystal structures formed during annealing were probed by neutron diffraction, and the size scale of features developed examined by small-angle neutron scattering. Results show that the initial decomposition produces a structure with a characteristic length scale, but it is not yet possible to comment on the mechanism. C1 USA, Ballist Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Kecskes, LJ (reprint author), USA, Ballist Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RI Greer, Alan Lindsay/G-1977-2011; Kecskes, Laszlo/F-6880-2014 OI Kecskes, Laszlo/0000-0002-1342-3729 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-691-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 754 BP 377 EP 383 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BX31C UT WOS:000184907800056 ER PT J AU Satava, RM AF Satava, RM TI Disruptive visions - The operating room of the future SO SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE operating room of the future; robotics; bioinformatics; surgical technologies ID 21ST-CENTURY; DESIGN AB A number of concepts have been advocated for the next generation operating room based on some inadequacies of the current systems. Most have focused on removing excess tubes and wiring, others on information systems or robotics. An analysis of other industries, a projected direction of current technologies, a focus on the importance of integrated information systems, and a serious consideration of emerging basic technologies suggest a significantly different approach. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USA, Mil Res & Mat Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Satava, RM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Surg, RM BB430, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0930-2794 J9 SURG ENDOSC JI Surg. Endosc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1 BP 104 EP 107 DI 10.1007/s00464-002-0018-x PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 642HV UT WOS:000180798900020 PM 12360370 ER PT S AU Weber, BA Hutchinson, M AF Weber, BA Hutchinson, M BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Comparison of human and algorithmic target detection in passive infrared imagery SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS IX: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target and Backgrounds IX CY APR 21-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ATR; target detection; human observer; infrared; FLIR AB We have designed an experiment that compares the performance of human observers and a scale-insensitive target detection algorithm for the detection of ground targets in passive infrared imagery. Though the algorithm performed at considerably higher false alarm rates as compared to human observers, detection was comparable, and it did so using simple pixel level features only. The test database contains targets near clutter whose detectability ranged from easy to very difficult. Results indicate that human observers detect more "easy-to-detect" targets, and with far fewer false alarms, than the algorithm. For "difficult-to-detect" targets, human and algorithm detection rates are considerably degraded, and algorithm false alarms excessive. Analysis of detections as a function of observer confidence shows that algorithm confidence attribution does not correspond to human attribution, and does not adequately correlate with correct detections. The best target detection score for any human observer was 84%, as compared to 55% for the algorithm for the same false alarm rate. At 81%, the maximum detection score for the algorithm, the same human observer had 6 false alarms per frame as compared to 29 for the algorithm. Individually, human observers detected no more than 84% of the targets; whereas, taken collectively the seven observers tested detected 96% of the targets. Analysis of performance as a function of range to target indicates that for both algorithm and human observers, performance degrades with increasing range to target, and that at any level of detection and range human false alarm rejection is at least 10 times better than that of the algorithm. Although no human, infrared imagery, experts were used for this testing the performance of the seven human observers shows that human observers with little to no previous experience performed about as well as observers with extensive previous experience. Detector ROC curves and observer-confidence analysis benchmarks the algorithm and provides insights into algorithm deficiencies and possible paths to improvement. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Weber, BA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4934-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5075 BP 180 EP 189 DI 10.1117/12.484868 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX58B UT WOS:000185756600019 ER PT S AU Ballard, JR Bennett, HH Sabol, BM AF Ballard, JR Bennett, HH Sabol, BM BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Methodology of real-time simulation to support field testing of dual-mode smart munition sensors SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS IX: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target and Backgrounds IX CY APR 21-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE smart munition; modeling; laser profilometer; thermal infrared sensor AB This paper describes the methodology for executing real-time simulations for the support of field testing of smart munition sensors. The sensor simulated is a dual-mode sensor using passive thermal infrared and active laser profiling. The types of tests supported by the simulation are dynamic flight tests over stationary targets, captive flight tests with moving tactical targets, and end-to-end system tests with dynamic flight over moving tactical targets. The components of this methodology that will be discussed include the sensor simulation model, target and background models, and measurement procedures for generating inputs required for target and background models. The resulting simulation capability can be used to support a wide range of evaluations including concept evaluation, subsystem design trade-off analysis, and system performance evaluation. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ballard, JR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4934-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5075 BP 240 EP 245 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX58B UT WOS:000185756600025 ER PT S AU Tofsted, DH AF Tofsted, DH BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Analytic improvements to the atmospheric turbulence optical transfer function SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS IX: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target and Backgrounds IX CY APR 21-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE optical turbulence; coherence diameter; imaging; modulation transfer function; Kolmogorov spectrum; von Karman spectrum ID SURFACE-LAYER; INNER-SCALE; SCINTILLATION; SIMULATION; SPECTRUM AB The standard method used for modeling optical turbulence effects on imaging uses an optical transfer function (OTF). To model this function short- and long-exposure limiting cases have been developed. The short-exposure case is handled by modifying the long-exposure case to remove wavefront tilt assessed at the sensor entrance pupil. Then, depending on whether one is in the "near-field" or the "far-field," one of two subcases is used. All these evaluations require a model of the refractive index spectrum. Typically this model is assumed to be the Kolmogorov spectrum where an inner scale is set to zero and outer scale is infinite. However, in real atmospheres the inner and outer scales affect turbulence predictions by modifying the spectrum. The difficulty using non-limiting values for these parameters is that double integrals must then be assessed. However, in this paper analytic forms are developed to describe the spectrum, permitting analytic solutions to these integrals. The result is that we can express the atmospheric OTF in closed form accounting for both inner and outer scale effects. Also, expressions for the inner and outer scales of turbulence can be written as functions of the atmospheric surface layer stability. Lastly, I show that the near/far-field effect does not subdivide into two distinct cases. Rather, the behavior of the tilt effect varies over a span of 107 in the governing dimensionless parameter. To model this continuum a unified treatment is considered. C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat Informat Sci Directorate, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. RP Tofsted, DH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Computat Informat Sci Directorate, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4934-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5075 BP 281 EP 292 DI 10.1117/12.488594 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX58B UT WOS:000185756600029 ER PT S AU Sutherland, RA Montoya, JR Usevitch, BR AF Sutherland, RA Montoya, JR Usevitch, BR BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Factors affecting signature propagation through intense forward scattering atmospheres SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS IX: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target and Backgrounds IX CY APR 21-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE forward scattering; atmospheric propagation; aerosols; obscurants; Monte Carlo; modeling ID BEER-LAMBERT LAW; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; DETECTOR AB Methods are examined for modeling signature propagation through optically dense atmospheres accounting for both direct signal attenuation, isotropic scattering, and strong forward (multiple) scattering considering both existing analytical approaches and numerical Monte Carlo photon transport simulations. Examples are given for the case of upward propagation through plane layers in the form of angular distribution functions, based on a point source of light, from which one can determine an atmospheric modulation transfer function (MTF) widely used in simulating the effects of obscurants in imaging systems performance models. Methods can also be used to estimate correction factors for compensating errors in transmission measurements due to multiple forward scattering into the sensor field of view. Results suggest that even at large optical thicknesses where the directly transmitted signal is minimal, there is enough spatial contrast in the diffuse signal to make point sources detectable. However the major effect is on the broadening of the received signal which for the case of isotropic scattering yielded values on the order of 5-10 m for the width of the point spread function (PSF) for a sensor field of view of 100 milliradians. For more intense forward scattering the relative signal strength is increased and the PSF widths are decreased. C1 USA, Res Lab, Survivabil Lethal Anal Directorate, White Sands Missile Range, NM USA. RP Sutherland, RA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Survivabil Lethal Anal Directorate, White Sands Missile Range, NM USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4934-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5075 BP 332 EP 341 DI 10.1117/12.487638 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX58B UT WOS:000185756600034 ER PT S AU Montoya, JR Sutherland, RA AF Montoya, JR Sutherland, RA BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Narrow band signature propagation though obscuring atmospheres SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS IX: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target and Backgrounds IX CY APR 21-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB Methods are examined for modeling ultra narrow band signature propagation through both natural and optically dense or obscured atmospheres. The impetus for the study comes from the recent exploitation of (ultra) narrow band atomic line filters (Deltalambda=0.005nm, FWHM) which have become practical for remote sensing applications and real battlefield sensors. Aside from the obvious advantage of being able to "squeeze" the narrow-band signal through (near) equally narrow-band "windows" of the natural (gaseous) atmosphere; there are a number of other issues that come into play that are either negligible or irrelevant in the more usual broadband applications but may be important here. For example, another way the technology can be exploited is by selecting the filter wavelength so as to take advantage of the Fraunhofer absorption lines in the solar spectrum, thus producing an effective "solar blind" sensor and the attendant advantages thereof. In this paper we address both practical issues such as line broadening by various known atmosphere processes, including extinction and scattering by suspended aerosols and adverse weather, as well as some more subtle issues such the effect of the wavelength shift due to atmospheric refraction and Doppler shifting due to the relative motion of the Earth with respect to the Sun; both of which though admitted small and thus negligible in broadband applications could be important here. Our main technical approach is through simulation using conventional models such as MODTRAN (natural atmospheres) and EOSAEL (battlefield atmospheres), augmented as necessary for the task at hand. Preliminary results based on side-by-side comparisons with conventional broadband technologies (e.g., interference filters, Deltalambdaapproximate to10nm, FWHM) are discussed and show both advantages and disadvantages of the narrow-band technology. C1 USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. RP Montoya, JR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4934-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5075 BP 342 EP 351 DI 10.1117/12.487640 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX58B UT WOS:000185756600035 ER PT S AU Sabol, BM Ballard, JR AF Sabol, BM Ballard, JR BE Murrer, RL TI Basic development and testing of a short-range laser profiling model SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing VIII CY APR 21-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE laser profiling model; smart munitions; sensors AB Laser profilometers hold the promise of improving smart munition detection and aimpoint selection performance when combined with data from other sensor types, such as passive thermal infrared. The high cost of physically testing sensor systems dictates that simulation should be used whenever possible. This paper describes the development and preliminary verification of a profilometer simulation developed as part of a larger smart munition sensor simulation model. A single-scattering laser profilometer model, which predicts returns from passive illumination sources, such as the sun and sky, in addition to laser returns, is formulated and implemented. Several simple scenarios are simulated to test model behavior as a function of environmental illumination, reflecting material, and target geometry. Results agree with expectations and show the importance including environmental conditions and detailed material reflective properties in the model. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Sabol, BM (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4952-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5092 BP 268 EP 275 DI 10.1117/12.487355 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BX69R UT WOS:000186147500029 ER PT S AU Kim, H Mobley, S Buford, JA AF Kim, H Mobley, S Buford, JA BE Murrer, RL TI AMCOM RDEC LADAR HWIL simulation system development SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing VIII CY APR 21-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB Hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) testing has, for many years, been an integral part of the modeling and simulation efforts at the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command's (AMCOM) Aviation and Missile Research, Engineering, and Development Center (AMRDEC). AMCOM's history includes the development, characterization, and implementation of several unique technologies for the creation of synthetic environments in the visible, infrared, and radio frequency spectral regions and AMCOM has continued significant efforts in these areas. This paper describes recent advancements at AMCOM's Advanced Simulation Center (ASC) and concentrates on Ladar HWIL simulation system development. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command Res Dev & Engn Ctr, AMSAM RD SS HW, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command Res Dev & Engn Ctr, AMSAM RD SS HW, Bldg 5400, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RI Buford, John/B-4413-2011 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4952-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5092 BP 288 EP 294 DI 10.1117/12.503740 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BX69R UT WOS:000186147500031 ER PT B AU Bochenek, GA Ciarelli, KJ Ragusa, JA AF Bochenek, GA Ciarelli, KJ Ragusa, JA BE Kocaoglu, DF Anderson, TR TI Reshaping our world through virtual collaboration SO TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT FOR RESHAPING THE WORLD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET 03) CY JUL 20-24, 2003 CL PORTLAND, OR ID PRODUCT DATA MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB To shrink the protracted length of total system and product development life cycles (DLCs), public and private sector organizations and their cross-functional Integrated Product Teams (IPTs) have moved away from serial to concurrent collaboration to reshape organizational and stakeholder worlds. More recently, some organizations are now using real-time, on-demand, 3D life size fully- and semi-immersive virtual collaborative environments (VCEs) for DLC applications. To transform the U.S. military to meet future needs, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and the U.S. Army have implemented visionary, strategic, and technology-enabling initiatives called Simulation Based Acquisition (SBA) and Simulation and Modeling for Acquisition, Requirements and Training (SMART), respectively. Transformation-enabling technologies making SBA and SMART realities are: modeling and simulation (M&S), virtual reality (VR), and advanced collaborative environments (ACEs). Results have included the significant reduction in the use of traditional hardware prototypes and demonstration models, DLC times, and program costs. This case study focuses on the theories and foundations that led to the development of an ACE "toolset," empirical testing and results, and the identification of advantages and applications of its use by operational collaborative IPTs. In spite of the success of this early ACE development, additional research and operational issues, empirical testing, and economic analysis remains. C1 US Army Tank Automot Res, Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP US Army Tank Automot Res, Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PORTLAND STATE UNIV PI PORTLAND PA P O BOX 751, PORTLAND, OR 97207 USA BN 1-890843-08-3 PY 2003 BP 27 EP 38 PG 12 WC Business; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Business & Economics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX30Z UT WOS:000184906800005 ER PT J AU Gemma, S Butini, S Fattorusso, C Fiorini, I Nacci, V Bellebaum, K McKissic, D Saxena, A Campiani, G AF Gemma, S Butini, S Fattorusso, C Fiorini, I Nacci, V Bellebaum, K McKissic, D Saxena, A Campiani, G TI A palladium-catalyzed synthetic approach to new Huperzine A analogues modified at the pyridone ring SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article DE palladium; carbonylation; epoxide isomerization; bicycloannulation reaction ID ANTICHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; DEMENTIA; TACRINE; ROUTE AB The synthesis of two new Huperzine A analogues is reported. Both products present an amino substituted benzo-fused system in place of the pyridone ring of the natural alkaloid. The synthetic strategy to the two analogues is based on three different key palladium-catalyzed steps, namely a carbonylation reaction, an epoxide isomerization and a bicycloannulation reaction. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Siena, Dipartimento Farmaco Chim Tecnol, I-53100 Siena, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Chim Sostanze Nat, I-80131 Naples, Italy. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Campiani, G (reprint author), Univ Siena, Dipartimento Farmaco Chim Tecnol, Via Aldo Moro, I-53100 Siena, Italy. EM campiani@unisi.it RI Gemma, Sandra/D-3568-2009; butini, stefania/D-9954-2015; fattorusso, caterina/F-7113-2015 OI Gemma, Sandra/0000-0002-8313-2417; fattorusso, caterina/0000-0003-3330-4281 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 59 IS 1 BP 87 EP 93 AR PII S0040-4020(02)01449-7 DI 10.1016/S0040-4020(02)01449-7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 633FH UT WOS:000180271500007 ER PT S AU Zalameda, JN Rajic, N Winfree, WP AF Zalameda, JN Rajic, N Winfree, WP BE Cramer, KE Maldague, XP TI A comparison of image processing algorithms for thermal nondestructive evaluation SO THERMOSENSE XXV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thermosense XXV CY APR 22-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE thermal nondestructive evaluation algorithms; defect contrast; corrosion; delamination and thermal diffusivity ID THERMOGRAPHY AB Thermography involves the application of heat to a structure and observation of surface temperature anomalies to reveal subsurface defects. Detection of subsurface defects can be greatly enhanced by the real time capture of a series of thermal images in time and the subsequent analysis of these images using various image processing algorithms. By applying image-processing algorithms, defects not readily observable can be detected and quantitatively characterized. The focus of this work is to investigate several of the numerous data reduction algorithms for thermal nondestructive evaluation by comparing results on a set of test samples. Some new types of data reduction algorithms have been recently developed with advantages such as noise reduction, file size compression, and material property measurements. By comparing various algorithms on factors such as computational speed, simplicity of use, robustness to noise, quantitative information, and optimum defect detection the most efficient algorithm may be chosen based on the user's needs. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USA,Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch,MS 231, Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23661 USA. RP Zalameda, JN (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USA,Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch,MS 231, Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23661 USA. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4932-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5073 BP 374 EP 385 DI 10.1117/12.485869 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BW84B UT WOS:000183318500040 ER PT B AU Gaunaurd, GC Strifors, HC Sullivan, A AF Gaunaurd, GC Strifors, HC Sullivan, A BE Mokole, EL Kragalott, M Gerlach, KR TI Comparison of time, frequency and time-frequency analysis of back-scattered echoes from radar targets buried in realistic half-spaces SO ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics (UWBSP6) CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL USNA, Annapolis, MD SP Naval Res Lab HO USNA ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; WIDE-BAND C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gaunaurd, GC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47481-6 PY 2003 BP 481 EP 492 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY90L UT WOS:000189491600045 ER PT S AU Wraback, M Garrett, GA Sampath, AV Collins, CJ Shen, H AF Wraback, M Garrett, GA Sampath, AV Collins, CJ Shen, H BE Tsen, KTF Song, JJ Jiang, HX TI Femtosecond optical studies of carrier localization and recombination in III-Nitride semiconductors SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA IN SEMICONDUCTORS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors VII CY JAN 28-30, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE femtosecond; reflectivity; luminescence downconversion; nondegenerate; nonlinear optics; GaN; AIGaN; carrier localization; carrier lifetime; alloy fluctuations ID ALXGA1-XN ALLOYS; GAN; SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; GENERATION; DYNAMICS; DEVICES AB We have used femtosecond time-resolved reflectivity and luminescence downconversion techniques to study carrier relaxation, localization, and recombination in III-nitride semiconductors. Intensity dependent, frequency degenerate pump-probe reflectivity measurements employing near-bandgap excitation provide information about initial,carrier localization, subsequent ultrafast heat generation due to nonradiative recombination or trapping in states deep in the bandgap, and photoinduced absorption associated with excitation of carriers from localized states to the bands. These phenomena and their experimental signatures are illustrated for Al0.25Ga0.75N and Al0.4Ga0.6N samples, in which the photoinduced change in reflectivity DeltaR decays faster with decreasing intensity and changes sign, with faster decays for a given intensity in the higher Al content sample. This behavior suggests that in these cases the dynamics are governed by trapping at localized states associated with alloy fluctuations that become deeper and more numerous as the Al content increases. Within this context the sign change and subsequent temporal evolution of DeltaR may be indicative of ultrafast heat generation and/or photoinduced absorption, depending upon Al content. Nondegenerate pump-probe reflectivity experiments designed to separate the electronic contributions of the DeltaR decays from the slower thermal components by using a sub-bandgap probe are used to measure carrier lifetime in GaN. Comparison with data obtained from frequency degenerate experiments under identical excitation conditions employing a near bandgap probe indicate that in the frequency degenerate case the decay times in DeltaR are inflated due to the presence of an additional long-lived component with the same sign as the electronic contribution. The sign and power dependence of this slow decay suggest that it may be associated with screening of a surface electric field by carriers trapped in deep states. In addition, a new technique is presented that employs luminescence downconversion using an ultrashort gating pulse to enable the characterization of UV light emission from III-nitride semiconductors with subpicosecond temporal resolution. This technique also allows one to measure PL rise times and fast components of multiple decays in the subsequent time evolution of the PL intensity. Comparison of luminescence emission intensity and lifetime in GaN and AlGaN with similar to0:1. Al content grown homoepitaxially on GaN templates with the same quantities measured in heteroepitaxial layers grown on sapphire indicate significant improvement in the homoepitaxial layers due to reduction in defect density. Fast (<15 ps) initial decays in the AlGaN are, attributed to localization in shallow traps associated with alloy fluctuations, with subsequent recombination through gap states. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE EM, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wraback, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE EM, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4792-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4992 BP 217 EP 225 DI 10.1117/12.475715 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BX02E UT WOS:000183989700022 ER PT S AU Tenney, S Noble, J Whitaker, R ReVelle, D AF Tenney, S Noble, J Whitaker, R ReVelle, D BE Carapezza, EM TI Acoustic/infrasonic rocket engine signatures SO UNATTENDED GROUND SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications V CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE infrasound; missiles; rocket; signatures; SCUD; Minuteman; sounding rockets; detection; propagation AB Infrasonics offers the potential of long-range acoustic detection of explosions, missiles and even sounds created by manufacturing plants. The atmosphere attenuates acoustic energy above 20 Hz quite rapidly, but signals below 10 Hz can propagate to long ranges. Space shuttle launches have been detected infrasonically from over 1000 km away and the Concorde airliner from over 400 km. This technology is based on microphones designed to respond to frequencies from .1 to 300 Hz that can be operated outdoors for extended periods of time with out degrading their performance. The US Army Research Laboratory and Los Alamos National Laboratory have collected acoustic and infrasonic signatures of static engine testing of two missiles. Signatures were collected of a SCUD missile engine at Huntsville, AL and a Minuteman engine at Edwards AFB. The engines were fixed vertically in a test stand during the bum. We will show the typical time waveform signals of these static tests and spectrograms for each type. High resolution, 24-bit data were collected at 512 Hz and 16-bit acoustic data at 10 kHz. Edwards data were recorded at 250 Hz and 50 Hz using a Geotech Instruments 24 bit digitizer. Ranges from the test stand varied from 1 km to 5 km. Low level and upper level meteorological data was collected to provide full details of atmospheric propagation during the engine test. Infrasonic measurements were made with the Chaparral Physics Model 2 microphone with porous garden hose attached for wind noise suppression. A B&K microphone was used for high frequency acoustic measurements. Results show primarily a broadband signal with distinct initiation and completion points. There appear to be features present in the signals that would allow identification of missile type. At 5 km the acoustic/infrasonic signal was clearly present. Detection ranges for the types of missile signatures measured will be predicted based on atmospheric modeling. As part of an experiment conducted by ARL, sounding rocket launches have been detected from over 150 km. A variety of rockets launched from NASA's Wallops Island facility were detected over a two year span. Arrays of microphones were able to create a line of bearing to the source of the launches that took place during different times of the year. This same experiment has been able to detect the space shuttle from over 1000 km on a regular basis. These two sources represent opposite ends of the target size, but they do demonstrate the potential for the detection and location of rocket launches. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tenney, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4950-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5090 BP 30 EP 41 DI 10.1117/12.487119 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX66M UT WOS:000186054400004 ER PT S AU Wilson, DK Moran, ML Liu, LB Ostashev, VE Aldridge, DF Symons, NP Marlin, DH AF Wilson, DK Moran, ML Liu, LB Ostashev, VE Aldridge, DF Symons, NP Marlin, DH BE Carapezza, EM TI Development of a high-fidelity simulation capability for battlefield acoustics SO UNATTENDED GROUND SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications V CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE battlefield acoustics; sensor performance modeling ID SOUND-PROPAGATION; EQUATION; MODELS AB Findings are presented from the first year of a joint project between the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, and the Sandia National Laboratories. The purpose of the project is to develop a finite-difference, time-domain (FDTD) capability for simulating the acoustic signals received by battlefield acoustic sensors. Many important effects, such as scattering from trees and buildings, interactions with dynamic atmospheric wind and temperature fields, and nonstationary target properties, can be accommodated by the simulation. Such a capability has much potential for mitigating the need for costly field data collection and furthering the development of robust identification and tracking algorithms. The FDTD code is based on a carefully derived set of first-order differential equations that is more general and accurate than most current sound propagation formulations. For application to three-dimensional problems of practical interest in battlefield acoustics, the code must be run on massively parallel computers. Some example computations involving sound propagation in a moving atmosphere and propagation in the presence of trees and barriers are presented. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Wilson, DK (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4950-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5090 BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1117/12.500684 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX66M UT WOS:000186054400006 ER PT S AU Young, SH Scanlon, MV AF Young, SH Scanlon, MV BE Carapezza, EM TI Detection and localization using an acoustic array on a small robotic platform SO UNATTENDED GROUND SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications V CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE robot; acoustic; soldier; OFW; FCS AB The future battlefield will require an unprecedented level of automation in which soldier-operated, autonomous, and semi-autonomous ground, air, and sea platforms along with mounted and dismounted soldiers will function as a tightly coupled team. Sophisticated robotic platforms with diverse sensor suites will be an integral part of the Objective Force, and must be able to collaborate not only amongst themselves but also with their manned partners. The Army Research Laboratory has developed a robot-based acoustic detection system that will detect and localize on an impulsive noise event, such as a sniper's weapon firing. Additionally, acoustic sensor arrays worn on a soldier's helmet or equipment can enhance his situational awareness and RSTA capabilities. The Land Warrior or Objective Force Warrior body-worn computer can detect tactically significant impulsive signatures from bullets, mortars, artillery, and missiles or spectral signatures from tanks, helicopters, UAVs, and mobile robots. Time-difference-of-arrival techniques can determine a sound's direction of arrival, while head attitude sensors can instantly determine the helmet orientation at time of capture. With precision GPS location of the soldier, along with the locations, of other soldiers, robots, or unattended ground sensors that heard the same event, triangulation techniques can produce an accurate location of the target. Data from C-4 explosions and 0.50-Caliber shots shows that both helmet and robot systems can localize on the same event. This provides an awesome capability mobile robots and soldiers working together on an ever-changing battlespace to detect the enemy and improve the survivability, mobility, and lethality of our future warriors. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, CI,CB, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Young, SH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, CI,CB, 2800 Power Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4950-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5090 BP 286 EP 300 DI 10.1117/12.500756 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX66M UT WOS:000186054400029 ER PT S AU Mays, B Vu, H Srour, N AF Mays, B Vu, H Srour, N BE Carapezza, EM TI NATO TG-25 joint field experiment in distributed sensor networks SO UNATTENDED GROUND SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications V CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE TG-25; unattended ground sensor; vehicle tracking AB NATO's Task Group (TG-25) on acoustic and seismic sensing is responsible for assessing the potential technologies that can be cooperatively developed and shared within NATO's countries to provide effective, robust and low-cost battlefield sensor systems. The primary emphasis is the concept of Unattended Ground Sensors (UGS) for the detection and/or classification of ground and airborne vehicles, artillery and sniper fire. TG-25 has 3 main objectives: (1) to establish acoustic and seismic standards and data exchange procedures, (2) to compare, analyze, exchange, and develop analytical techniques, computational models and signal processing algorithms, and (3) to plan and conduct joint field experiments In this paper, we discuss participation in the joint NATO field experiment conducted in France in October 2002. The experiment's goal was to demonstrate interoperability of unattended ground sensors from various participating nations. Results of the experiments will be briefed and discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Mays, B (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4950-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5090 BP 406 EP 414 DI 10.1117/12.500761 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX66M UT WOS:000186054400041 ER PT S AU Adamczyk, PG Gorsich, D Hudas, G Overholt, J AF Adamczyk, PG Gorsich, D Hudas, G Overholt, J BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Lightweight robotic mobility: template-based modeling for dynamics and controls using ADAMS/Car and MATLAB SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology V CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE omnidirectional vehicle; ODV; ADAMS; MATLAB; simulation; unmanned ground vehicle; autonomous control; mobile robot; mobility; off-road mobility AB The U.S. Army is seeking to develop autonomous off-road mobile robots to perform tasks in the field such as supply delivery and reconnaissance in dangerous territory. A key problem to be solved with these robots is off-road mobility, to ensure that the robots can accomplish their tasks without loss or damage. We have developed a computer model of one such concept robot, the small-scale "T1" omnidirectional vehicle (ODV), to study the effects of different control strategies on the robot's mobility in off-road settings. We built the dynamic model in ADAMS/Car and the control system in MATLAB/Simulink. This paper presents the template-based method used to construct the ADAMS model of the T I ODV. It discusses the strengths and weaknesses of ADAMS/Car software in such an application, and describes the benefits and challenges of the approach as a whole. The paper also addresses effective linking of ADAMS/Car and MATLAB for complete control system development. Finally, this paper includes a section describing the extension of the T I templates to other similar ODV concepts for rapid development. C1 USA, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Adamczyk, PG (reprint author), USA, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RI Adamczyk, Peter/P-5928-2014 OI Adamczyk, Peter/0000-0001-5374-7691 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4942-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5083 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.1117/12.497503 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BX80V UT WOS:000186496800006 ER PT S AU Bornstein, JA Shoemaker, CM AF Bornstein, JA Shoemaker, CM BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Army ground robotics research program SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology V CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE robotics; unmanned ground vehicle; autonomous mobility; perception AB The U.S. Army is undergoing a transformation from Cold War era "heavy" forward-deployed forces arrayed against a monolithic known enemy to lighter, more flexible, U.S.-based forces able to rapidly engage in a full spectrum of military operations. Unmanned systems can potentially contribute towards achieving this goal of a highly capable and flexible ground force. To support this effort, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory has undertaken a long-term research program to support technology development for unmanned ground vehicle systems. Over the course of the past year, this multifaceted effort has made significant technical strides, demonstrating sufficient technological maturity to potentially enable incorporation of semi-autonomous unmanned vehicles into the initial fielding of Future Combat Systems (FCS), while successfully conducting additional research directed toward improved capabilities for later increments of FCS and Land Warrior systems. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Bornstein, JA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4942-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5083 BP 303 EP 310 DI 10.1117/12.486843 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BX80V UT WOS:000186496800028 ER PT S AU Jaczkowski, JJ AF Jaczkowski, JJ BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Robotic follower experimentation results: Ready for FCS increment I SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology V CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB Robotics is a fundamental enabling technology required to meet the U.S. Army's vision to be a strategically responsive force capable of domination across the entire spectrum of conflict. The U. S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command (RDECOM) Tank Automotive Research, Development & Engineering Center (TARDEC), in partnership with the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, is developing a leader-follower capability for Future Combat Systems. The Robotic Follower Advanced Technology Demonstration (ATD) utilizes a manned leader to provide a high-level proofing of the follower's path, which operates with minimal user intervention. This paper will give a programmatic overview and discuss both the technical approach and operational experimentation results obtained during testing conducted at Ft. Bliss, New Mexico in February-March 2003. C1 USA, RDECOM TARDEC, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Jaczkowski, JJ (reprint author), USA, RDECOM TARDEC, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4942-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5083 BP 311 EP 321 DI 10.1117/12.484807 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BX80V UT WOS:000186496800029 ER PT S AU Freiburger, L Smuda, B Karlsen, R Lakshmanan, S Ma, B AF Freiburger, L Smuda, B Karlsen, R Lakshmanan, S Ma, B BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI ODIS the under vehicle inspection robot - Development status update SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology V CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE under carriage; security checkpoint; homeland defense; force protection; visual inspection AB Unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) technology can be used in a number of ways to assist in counter-terrorism activities. Robots can be employed for a host of terrorism deterrence and detection applications. As reported in last year's Aerosense conference, the U.S. Army Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC) and Utah State University (USU) have developed a tele-operated robot called ODIS (Omnidirectional Inspection System) that is particularly effective in performing under-vehicle inspections at security checkpoints. ODIS' continuing development for this task is heavily influenced by feedback received from soldiers and civilian law enforcement personnel using ODIS-prototypes in an operational environment. Our goal is to convince civilian law enforcement and military police to replace the traditional "Mirror on a stick" system of looking under cars for bombs and contraband with ODIS. This paper reports our efforts in the past one year in terms of optimizing ODIS for the visual inspection task. Of particular concern is the design of the vision system. This paper documents details on the various issues relating to ODIS' vision system - sensor, lighting, image processing, and display. C1 USA, TARDEC, Robot Mobil Lab, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Freiburger, L (reprint author), USA, TARDEC, Robot Mobil Lab, MS 263, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4942-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5083 BP 322 EP 335 DI 10.1117/12.490004 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BX80V UT WOS:000186496800030 ER PT S AU Young, SH Scanlon, MV AF Young, SH Scanlon, MV BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Soldier/robot team acoustic detection SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology V CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE robot; acoustic; soldier; OFW; FCS AB The future battlefield will require an unprecedented level of automation in which soldier-operated, autonomous, and semi-autonomous ground, air, and sea platforms along with mounted and dismounted soldiers will function as a tightly coupled team. Sophisticated robotic platforms with diverse sensor suites will be an integral part of the Objective Force, and must be able to collaborate not only amongst themselves but also with their manned partners. The Army Research Laboratory has developed a robot-based acoustic detection system that will detect and localize on an impulsive noise event, such as a sniper's weapon firing. Additionally, acoustic sensor arrays worn on a soldier's helmet or equipment can enhance his situational awareness and RSTA capabilities. The Land Warrior or Objective Force Warrior body-worn computer can detect tactically significant impulsive signatures from bullets, mortars, artillery, and missiles or spectral signatures from tanks, helicopters, UAVs, and mobile robots. Time-difference-of-arrival techniques can determine a sound's direction of arrival, while head attitude sensors can instantly determine the helmet orientation at time of capture. With precision GPS location of the soldier, along with the locations of other soldiers, robots, or unattended ground sensors that heard the same event, triangulation techniques can produce an accurate location of the target. Data from C-4 explosions and 0.50-Caliber shots shows that both helmet and robot systems can localize on the same event. This provides an awesome capability mobile robots and soldiers working together on an ever-changing battlespace to detect the enemy and improve the survivability, mobility, and lethality of our future warriors. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI CB, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Young, SH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI CB, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4942-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5083 BP 419 EP 430 DI 10.1117/12.486323 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BX80V UT WOS:000186496800041 ER PT S AU Nguyen, L Ton, T Wong, D Ressler, M AF Nguyen, L Ton, T Wong, D Ressler, M BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Signal processing techniques for forward imaging using ultra-wideband synthetic aperture radar SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology V CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ultra-wideband radar; forward-imaging SAR; automatic target detection; SAR signal processing AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), as part of a customer and mission-funded exploratory development program, has been developing a prototype of low-frequency, ultra-wideband (UWB) forward-imaging synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to support the U.S. Army's vision for increased mobility and survivability of unmanned ground vehicle missions. The ability of the UWB radar technology to detect objects under foliage could provide an important obstacle-avoidance capability for robotic vehicles, which could improve the speed and maneuverability of these vehicles and consequently increase the survivability of the U.S. forces. In a recent experiment at Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG), we exercised the UWB SAR radar in forward-looking mode and collected data to support the investigation. This paper discusses the signal processing algorithms and techniques that we developed and applied to the recent UWB SAR forward-looking data. The algorithms include motion data processing, self-interference signal (SIR) removal, radio frequency interference (RFI) signal removal, forward-looking image formation, and visualization techniques. We present forward-looking SAR imagery and also volumetric imagery of some targets. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nguyen, L (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, 2800 Powder Mill, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4942-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5083 BP 505 EP 518 DI 10.1117/12.488579 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BX80V UT WOS:000186496800049 ER PT S AU Nguyen, L Wong, D Stanton, B Smith, G AF Nguyen, L Wong, D Stanton, B Smith, G BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Forward imaging for obstacle avoidance using ultra-wideband synthetic aperture radar SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology V CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ultra-wideband radar; UWB; computational electromagnetic; forward imaging; robotic; mine detection AB In support of the Army vision for increased mobility, survivability, and lethality, we are investigating the use of ultra-wideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology to enhance unmanned ground vehicle missions. The ability of UWB radar technology to detect objects concealed by foliage could provide an important obstacle avoidance capability for robotic vehicles. This would improve the speed and maneuverability of these vehicles and consequently increase the probability of survivability of U. S. forces. This technology would address the particular challenges that confront robotic vehicles such as large rocks hidden in tall grass and voids such as ditches and bodies of water. ARL has designed and constructed an instrumentation-grade, low frequency, UWB synthetic aperture radar for evaluation of the target signatures and underlying phenomenology of stationary tactical targets concealed by foliage and objects buried in the ground. The radar (named BoomSAR) is installed in the basket of a 30-ton boom lift and can be operated while the entire boom lift is driven forward slowly, with the boom arm extended as high as 45 m to generate a synthetic aperture. In this paper, we investigate the potential use of the UWB radar in the forwarding imaging configuration. The paper describes the forward imaging radar and test setup at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. We present imagery of "positive" obstacles such as trees, fences, wires, mines, etc., as well as "negative" obstacles such as ditches. Imagery of small targets such as plastic mines is also included. We provide electromagnetic simulations of forward SAR imagery of plastic mines and compare that to the measurement data. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, 2800 Powder Mill, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4942-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2003 VL 5083 BP 519 EP 528 DI 10.1117/12.488580 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BX80V UT WOS:000186496800050 ER PT S AU Wong, D Bui, K Nguyen, L Smith, G Ton, T AF Wong, D Bui, K Nguyen, L Smith, G Ton, T BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Integration of differential global positioning system with ultra-wideband synthetic aperture radar for forward imaging SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology V CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ultra-wideband radar; UWB; differential global positioning system; DGPS; forward imaging; robotic AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), as part of a customer and mission-funded exploratory development program, has been evaluating low-frequency, ultra-wideband (UWB) imaging radar for forward imaging to support the Army's vision for increased mobility and survivability of unmanned ground vehicle missions. As part of the program to improve the radar system and imaging capability, ARL has incorporated a differential global positioning system (DGPS) for motion compensation into the radar system. The use of DGPS can greatly increase positional accuracy, thereby allowing us to improve our ability to focus better images for the detection of small targets such as plastic mines and other concealed objects buried underground. The ability of UWB radar technology to detect concealed objects could provide an important obstacle avoidance capability for robotic vehicles, which would improve the speed and maneuverability of these vehicles and consequently increase the survivability of the U.S. forces. This paper details the integration and discusses the significance of integrating a DGPS into the radar system for forward imaging. It also compares the difference between DGPS and the motion compensation data collected by the use of the original theodolite-based system. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, 2800 Powder Mill, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4942-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2003 VL 5083 BP 529 EP 538 DI 10.1117/12.488581 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BX80V UT WOS:000186496800051 ER PT S AU Scott, AJ Mabesa, JR Chantelle, HB Gorsich, DJ Auner, GW AF Scott, AJ Mabesa, JR Chantelle, HB Gorsich, DJ Auner, GW BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Equipping small robotic platforms with highly sensitive, more accurate Nuclear, Biological and Chemical (NBC) detection systems SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology V CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE nuclear; biological; chemical; detection; NBC; ODIS; sensors; robotic platforms; packbot AB On the battlefield and on the home front there exists an increased Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (NBC) threat. There has been an ongoing effort to develop methods in detecting the presence of NBC agents. The utilization of small robotic platforms equipped with NBC sensors is one way to aid in reconnaissance missions along with inspecting suspicious areas and vehicles. The U.S. Army's Omni-Directional Inspection System (ODIS) and iRobot's Packbot are two low profile robotic platforms that are being investigated by the U.S. Army TARDEC's Robotic Mobility Laboratory (TRML) to perform such tasks. There currently exists a variety of testing methods used in detecting NBC agents, which each have advantages and disadvantages. These different methods, along with there advantages and disadvantages are discussed in this paper. Traditional NBC type sensing systems are large requires a large vehicle or a trailer to be transported. To integrate these sensors into small robotic systems, they need to require less power and shrunk in size. Some commercially available products and ongoing research at government and academic laboratories are looking at improving NBC based detection systems are discussed in this paper for the integration into robotic platforms. C1 USA, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Scott, AJ (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, 6501 E 11 Mile Rd, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4942-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5083 BP 539 EP 548 DI 10.1117/12.497541 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BX80V UT WOS:000186496800052 ER PT J AU Paquette, EL Connelly, RR Sun, L Paquette, LR Moul, JW AF Paquette, EL Connelly, RR Sun, L Paquette, LR Moul, JW TI Predictors of extracapsular extension and positive margins in African American and White men SO UROLOGIC ONCOLOGY-SEMINARS AND ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS LA English DT Article DE extracapsular extension; prostate cancer; PSA; radical retropubic prostatectomy ID PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; RADICAL RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; PATHOLOGICAL STAGE; SURGICAL MARGINS; CLINICAL STAGE; GLEASON SCORE; INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; PROGNOSTIC FACTOR AB Objective: Radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) pathology from African American (AA) and White men from 1988 to 1999 was examined to determine if the pre-treatment factors PSA, clinical stage, biopsy grade, age at surgery, and year of surgery (YOS) were predictive of extracapsular extension (ECE) and positive margins for each ethnic group. Methods: Clinical and pathologic data was collected on 179 AA and 548 white men undergoing RRP from 1988 to 1999 at a tertiary military medical facility. Logistic regression with multivariate analysis was used to determine which pre-operative data-points were predictive of pathologic ECE and positive margins for each ethnic group. Results: PSA, biopsy grade, age, and YOS (more recent years had better surgical pathology) were predictive of ECE for AA and white men. PSA, biopsy grade, and YOS were predictive of positive margins for AA men, while PSA and YOS were predictive of positive margins for white men. PSA continues to be a strong predictor of ECE and positive margins for both AA and white men. However, we describe for the first time, YOS being predictive of ECE and positive margins for both AA and White men, using multivariate regression analysis. Conclusion: This is thought to be reflective of the improving public awareness of prostate cancer that has occurred during the PSA-era, resulting in patients participating in screening programs and being diagnosed earlier. Close follow-up of these patients is warranted to determine if the improved pathologic stage of those patients treated more recently translates into improved disease-specific mortality. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1078-1439 J9 UROL ONCOL-SEMIN O I JI Urol. Oncol.-Semin. Orig. Investig. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 21 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 AR PII S1078-1439(02)00203-X DI 10.1016/S1078-1439(02)00203-X PG 6 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 694BZ UT WOS:000183755100008 PM 12684125 ER PT B AU Bose, M AF Bose, M BE Bose, M Landis, M TI Presidential ratings: Lessons and liabilities SO USES AND ABUSES OF PRESIDENTIAL RATINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Uses and Abuses of Presidential Ratings CY OCT 31, 2000 CL Hempstead, NY C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 1-59033-794-8 PY 2003 BP 3 EP 23 PG 21 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BY52S UT WOS:000189400400001 ER PT B AU Perez, J Rogers, P AF Perez, J Rogers, P GP PEP PEP TI Crew/passenger compartment thermal load analysis using a holistic vehicle thermal model - an environmental parameter sensitivity study SO VTMS 6: VEHICLE THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Vehicle Thermal Management Systems Conference CY MAY 18-21, 2003 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND SP IMechE, SAE Int, Behr GmbH & Co KG, Valeo Engine Cooling, Air Int US Inc, MIRA, DANA Corp, Ricardo, Delphi Harrison, Solvay Fluor & Derivate GmbH DE thermal; holistic; vehicle; virtual; environment; electronics AB This paper demonstrates the use of a holistic vehicle thermal model for crew/passenger compartment heat load analysis in a virtual environment. The model includes all energy sources: environment, power train, exhaust, electronics, and personnel. Results and the modeling process are presented for a military combat vehicle. Priority of energy sources is scenario dependent. Analysis results demonstrate cabin air temperature dependence on the environmental conditions during low electronics load. For electronics loads 8000W and higher the environmental variables do not factor significantly. A discussion of cabin air temperature as a function of ambient temperature, solar load, and electronics load, is presented. C1 USA, TACOM, Warren, MI USA. RP Perez, J (reprint author), USA, TACOM, Warren, MI USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND BN 1-86058-418-7 PY 2003 BP 563 EP 572 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BW88J UT WOS:000183458900047 ER PT B AU Grabenstein, JD AF Grabenstein, JD BE Furton, EJ TI Ethical issues in defending against bioterrorism SO WALK AS CHILDREN OF THE LIGHT: THE CHALLENGE OF COOPERATION IN A PLURALISTIC SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Workshop for Bishops of the United States and Canada CY 2003 CL Dallas, TX ID PUBLIC-HEALTH MANAGEMENT; BIOLOGICAL WEAPON; UNITED-STATES; SMALLPOX; WARFARE; ANTHRAX C1 USA, Med Command, Falls Church, VA USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL CATHOLIC BIOETHICS CENTER PI BOSTON PA 159 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02135 USA BN 0-935372-46-6 PY 2003 BP 107 EP 120 PG 14 WC Ethics; Religion SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Religion GA BAL64 UT WOS:000222684700006 ER PT J AU Yang, C Suidan, MT Zhu, X Kim, BJ AF Yang, C Suidan, MT Zhu, X Kim, BJ TI Biomass accumulation patterns for removing volatile organic compounds in rotating drum biofilters SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IWA Specialized Conference on Environmental Biotechnology CY APR 15-17, 2002 CL PALMERSTON NORTH, NEW ZEALAND SP IWA DE biofiltration; biomass accumulation pattern; diethyl ether; rotating drum biofilters; toluene; volatile organic compounds ID BIOFILTRATION; PERFORMANCE AB A rotating drum biofilter (RDB) with multi-layered foam media was developed for the improvement of current biofiltration technology. The biofilter was used to investigate the effects of organic loadings and influent volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations on VOC removal efficiency and biomass accumulation. These effects were evaluated using diethyl ether and toluene separately as model VOCs at an empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 30 s. When the toluene loading increased from 2.0 to 4.0 and 8.0 kgCOD m(-3) day(-1), toluene removal efficiency of the biofilter decreased from over 99% to 78% and 74%, respectively. The biomass distribution was found to be more even within the medium when removing toluene than when removing diethyl ether. Higher organic loading also resulted in the more even distribution of the biomass. The ratios of biomass accumulation rates in the medium of the outermost, middle and innermost layers ranged from 1:0. 11:0.02 when removing diethyl ether at 2.0 kgCOD m(-3) day(-1) to 1:0.69:0.51 when removing toluene at 8.0 kgCOD m(-3) day(-1). Review of these ratios revealed three biomass accumulation patterns: surface pattern, in-depth pattern and shallow pattern. Different patterns represent different removal mechanisms in the biofiltration process. Improved biofilter design and operation should be based on the biomass accumulation pattern. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. OI Yang, Chunping/0000-0003-3987-2722 NR 15 TC 21 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 48 IS 8 BP 89 EP 96 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 755UZ UT WOS:000187431000012 PM 14682574 ER PT J AU Davel, J Suidan, MT Adrian, N AF Davel, J Suidan, MT Adrian, N TI Biodegradation of the energetic compound TNT through a multiple-stage treatment approach SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd World Water Congress of the International-Water-Association CY APR 07-12, 2002 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Water Assoc DE biodegradation; denitrification; intermediates; TAT; TNT ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE TNT; TRANSFORMATION AB Biodegradation of the energetic compound 2,4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its intermediate 2,4,6-triaminotoluene (TAT) was investigated in this study. From previous investigations, a relationship between the biological utilization of ethanol as co-substrate for the reduction of TNT under anaerobic conditions was proposed using an anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor (AFBR). In this study, the theoretical co-substrate requirement for reduction of TNT to TAT. was further investigated through the systematic lowering of the ethanol loading to the reactor. Near complete reduction to TAT was observed up to a critical ethanol loading point, as well as the production of methane from the limited excess available ethanol. Once ethanol deficient loading conditions were established, the increased presence of incompletely reduced degradation intermediates such as 2 4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene, and even TNT, was observed. The cessation of methanogenesis confirmed that no excess ethanol was available: Degradation of the TAT intermediate in the reactor effluent was investigated using two second-stage reactors under oxidizing conditions. The first was an aerobic activated sludge reactor, and the second was a denitrifying fluidized-bed reactor (DenFBR). The aerobic reactor was-successful in lowering the chemical oxygen demand (COD), but complete removal of TAT was not accomplished. Because of TAT polymerization and auto-oxidation under aerobic conditions, it was difficult to confirm to what extent of TAT removal was biological. In the DenFBR, incompletely reduced TNT intermediates were not successfully degraded, but strong evidence existed for the degradation of TAT. This is the first known report of second stage degradation of TAT under denitrifying conditions. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Ind Operat Div, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. RP Davel, J (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 47 IS 9 BP 129 EP 135 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 695PE UT WOS:000183838800019 PM 12830951 ER PT J AU Doppalapudi, R Palaniswamy, D Sorial, G Maloney, S AF Doppalapudi, R Palaniswamy, D Sorial, G Maloney, S TI Electrochemical pilot scale study for reduction of 2,4-DNT SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd World Water Congress of the International-Water-Association CY APR 07-12, 2002 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Water Assoc DE diniirotoluene (DNT); electrochemical reduction; munitions wastewater; nitro-aromatics ID 2,4-DINITROTOLUENE AB An electrochemical pilot scale reactor was used to treat simulated munitions wastewater containing 100 mg/L of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) Experiments were conducted by using a glassy carbon (zero porosity) coated graphite cylinder as the cathode and a platinum wire as the anode. All experiments were conducted under dissolved oxygen concentration of less than 1.5 mg/L. Initially, experiments simulating batch conditions were conducted to obtain the optimum operating conditions for the reactor. During this batch-mode study, the effects of various parameters, such as applied current, electrolyte concentration, and type of electrolyte on the reduction of DNT were evaluated. Results obtained showed that the rates of reduction of DNT increased with an increase in current or concentration of electrolyte. Based on the results obtained from the batch simulation experiments, continuous flow experiments were conducted at three different currents. The ionic strength of the feed solution was maintained at 0.027 M. A current of 200 mA was found to provide a stable reduction of DNT at the 80% level for a period of 14 days after which reactor cleaning is necessary for removal of solids that were formed within the reactor. End products determined for the continuous flow experiments showed 100% molar balance conversion. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Champaign, IL USA. RP Doppalapudi, R (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 47 IS 9 BP 173 EP 178 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 695PE UT WOS:000183838800025 PM 12830957 ER PT S AU Torrieri, D AF Torrieri, D GP IEEE IEEE TI Uplink capacity of a CDMA network SO WCNC 2003: IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference CY MAR 16-20, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP NTT Do Co Mo, Motorola, Nokia, Verizon, Ericsson, IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc ID LOOP POWER-CONTROL; SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE AB In cellular direct-sequence CDMA networks, each base station attempts to control the received power of signals from mobiles associated with the station. A simple upper bound on the uplink capacity per unit bandwidth is derived from consideration of the effects of fast fading and the limitations of power estimation. This bound decreases rapidly with increasing carrier frequency or vehicular speeds and indicates that a bandwidth expansion is necessary to maintain a specified uplink capacity. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Torrieri, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1525-3511 BN 0-7803-7700-1 J9 IEEE WCNC PY 2003 BP 1408 EP 1411 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW67R UT WOS:000182770600250 ER PT J AU Sahoo, SK Liu, W Samuelson, LA Kumar, J Cholli, AL AF Sahoo, SK Liu, W Samuelson, LA Kumar, J Cholli, AL TI Biocatalytic polymerization of p-cresol: An in-situ NMR approach to understand the coupling mechanism SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID CATALYZED OXIDATIVE POLYMERIZATION; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; ENZYMATIC-SYNTHESIS; HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE; PHENOL; 8-HYDROXYQUINOLINE-5-SULFONATE; POLYPHENOLS; POLYMERS; OXIDE); MEDIA AB The nature of the initial coupling mechanism in the enzymatic polymerization of p-cresol was investigated by in-situ H-1 NMR spectroscopy in an aqueous-organic media. Two types of in-situ experiments were performed, in which the course of polymerization was monitored with (i) incremental additions of H2O2 to the reaction mixture in the NMR tube at a regular interval and (ii) a function of reaction time after a known amount of addition of H2O2. These experiments were used to understand the coupling mechanism at the very early stage of reaction and during the course of polymerization reaction. In the early stage of the polymerization, the reaction mixture contains monomer as a dominant fraction and a small concentration of low molecular weight oligomers such as dimer, trimers, etc. The analysis of the reaction mixture by 1D and 2D in-situ NMR methods suggests the ortho-ortho C-C coupling as the dominant coupling mechanism during the initial stage of the polymerization. The quantitative NMR analysis indicates that the relative consumptions of monomer and dimers are different at the early stage of polymerization; the consumption of dimer accelerates only after complete conversion of the monomer from the reaction mixture. The in-situ NMR analysis as a function of reaction time after addition of a known amount of H2O2 suggests the conversion of a quinonoid intermediate formed at the beginning from ortho-para.C-C coupling, to a stable ketonic product (Pummerer's ketone). A gradual reduction of quinonoid structures and increase of Pummerer's ketone structures in the reaction mixture are monitored with time by in-situ NMR. Structural characterization of bulk polymer by multinuclei NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicates the formation of polymers (M, 1230) and the dominance of ortho-ortho and ortho-para C-C coupled products. The polymers obtained from the reaction products contained a very low concentration of Pummerer's ketones, which may be chain ends. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Cholli, AL (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 27 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 31 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 27 BP 9990 EP 9998 DI 10.1021/ma021142b PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 630CC UT WOS:000180089100020 ER PT J AU Johnson, JB Schaefer, GL AF Johnson, JB Schaefer, GL TI The influence of thermal, hydrologic, and snow deformation mechanisms on snow water equivalent pressure sensor accuracy SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 59th Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY JUN 05-07, 2002 CL STOWE, VERMONT DE snow water equivalent measurements; snow pressure sensor accuracy; snow hydrology; snow-soil interface thermal processes AB A 5 year field study was conducted to determine the mechanisms that cause snow water equivalent (SWE) pressure sensor measurement errors. The objective is to establish design and installation criteria to develop an accurate electronic SWE pressure sensor that minimizes errors. We monitored a 3 m snow pillow and installed three prototype electronic SWE sensors of our own design to examine how SWE errors occur. We also measured the heat flux through the prototype sensors and the soil, snow temperature, soil moisture content, and soil thermal conductivity. The SWEs of snow cores were used to assess the accuracy of the snow pillow and prototype sensors. Experimental results indicate that SWE measurement errors occur only when the snow-SWE sensor and/or the snow-soil interfaces are at the melting temperature. The magnitude of SWE errors is related to the diameter of the sensor and the difference in heat flux through the sensor and the surrounding soil. SWE over-measurement errors occur when the heat flux through the sensor is less than through the surrounding soil, producing a snowmelt rate on the sensor that is less than on the adjacent soil. SWE under-measurement errors occur when the heat flux through the sensor is greater than through the surrounding soil. The most severe SWE measurement errors occur during the transition from winter to spring, when the snow cover first reaches an isothermal condition causing a maximum difference in snowmelt rate between an SWE sensor and the surrounding soil. SWE measurement errors are reduced by increasing the SWE sensor diameter, matching the thermal properties of the soil and SWE sensor, allowing water to flow through the sensor, and using a surface cover to diffuse heat into the adjacent soil. SWE measurement errors relax through snow creep mechanisms that redistribute the snow load equally between the sensor and surrounding soil. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Erdc, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Johnson, JB (reprint author), USA, Erdc, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, POB 35170, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 18 SI SI BP 3529 EP 3542 DI 10.1002/hyp.1236 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 630EK UT WOS:000180094400002 ER PT J AU Melloh, RA Hardy, JP Bailey, RN Hall, TJ AF Melloh, RA Hardy, JP Bailey, RN Hall, TJ TI An efficient snow albedo model for the open and sub-canopy SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 59th Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY JUN 05-07, 2002 CL STOWE, VERMONT DE snow; albedo; forest; litter; model ID SOLAR-RADIATION; BOREAL FOREST; ICE AB A new model is presented for simulating snow surface albedo in the open. and beneath a mixed-forest canopy. The model has modest input data requirements and is an efficient physically based parameterization that includes the dependency of albedo on solar zenith angle, cloud cover, canopy, snow grain size, litterfall, snowfall, snow depth, and partial snow cover. Measurements used in the model validation include incident spectral irradiances, wavelength-integrated visible and near-infrared albedos, snowfall records, snow depth, snow surface litter fractions, and quantity of fine litter in snow cores. Measured and modelled forest snow albedos were less than open snow albedos during the accumulation phase, when there was little or no surface litter. The model predicts lower albedos in the forest during the accumulation phase because of a spectral shift to less reflective wavelengths of incident radiation under the canopy. Snow grain size was important during both the accumulation and ablation phases. Surface litter fraction, incident spectra, snowpack depth, and partial snow cover were important factors lowering forest albedo during ablation. Despite lower mid-winter albedos in the forest, the snow melted more rapidly in the open. During late ablation, snow albedo in the open became lower than snow albedo in the forest, because of the thinner snow in the open. At the end of the ablation season, partial snow cover affected the albedo in the forest over a longer time period than in the open. Additional work is needed to improve the physical basis of the grain growth model used here and to develop a spatial albedo model for open and forested terrain. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Erdc, Environm Res Branch, CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Melloh, RA (reprint author), USA, Erdc, Environm Res Branch, CRREL, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 29 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 18 SI SI BP 3571 EP 3584 DI 10.1002/hyp.1229 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 630EK UT WOS:000180094400005 ER PT J AU Erxleben, J Elder, K Davis, R AF Erxleben, J Elder, K Davis, R TI Comparison of spatial interpolation methods for estimating snow distribution in the Colorado Rocky Mountains SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 59th Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY JUN 05-07, 2002 CL STOWE, VERMONT DE snow hydrology; snow distribution; snow water equivalent; inverse distance weighting; kriging; modified residual kriging; binary regression trees; cokriging ID WATER EQUIVALENT; TERRAIN; PRECIPITATION; ABLATION; FOREST; CANOPY AB Our understanding of snow distribution in the mountains is limited as a result of the complex controls leading to extreme spatial variability. More accurate representations of snow distribution are greatly needed for improvements to hydrological forecasts, climate models, and for the future testing and validation of remote-sensing retrieval algorithms. In this study, the relative performances of four spatial interpolation methods were evaluated to estimate snow water equivalent for three 1 km(2) study sites in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Each study site is representative of different topographic and vegetative characteristics. From 1 to 11 April 2001, 550 snow depth measurements and approximately 16 snow density profiles were obtained within each study site. The analytical methods used to estimate snow depth over the 1 km(2) areas were (1) inverse distance weighting, (2) ordinary kriging, (3) modified residual kriging and cokriging, and (4) a combined method using binary regression trees and geostatistical methods. The independent variables used were elevation, slope, aspect, net solar radiation, and vegetation. Using cross-validation procedures, each method was assessed for accuracy. The tree-based models provided the most accurate estimates for all study sites, explaining 18-30% of the observed variability in snow depth. Kriging of the regression tree residuals did not substantially improve the models. Cokriging of the residuals resulted in a less accurate model when compared with the tree-based models alone. Binary regression trees may have generated the most accurate estimates out of all methods evaluated; however, substantial portions of the variability in observed snow depth were left unexplained by the models. Though the data may have simply lacked spatial structure, it is recommended that the characteristics of the study sites, sampling strategy, and independent variables be explored further to evaluate the causes for the relatively poor model results. Copyright 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Earth Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Erxleben, J (reprint author), USDA, NRCS Snow Survey Off, 245 Jimmy Doolittle Rd, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. NR 42 TC 100 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 35 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 18 SI SI BP 3627 EP 3649 DI 10.1002/hyp.1239 PG 23 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 630EK UT WOS:000180094400008 ER PT J AU Taylor, S Feng, XH Williams, M McNamara, J AF Taylor, S Feng, XH Williams, M McNamara, J TI How isotopic fractionation of snowmelt affects hydrograph separation SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 59th Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY JUN 05-07, 2002 CL STOWE, VT DE snowmelt; (18)(O); new water component; hydrograph separation; error analysis ID RUNOFF; GROUNDWATER; CATCHMENT; O-18; ACIDIFICATION; MELTWATER; DISCHARGE; SNOWPACK; TRACERS; RATIOS AB We present the isotopic composition of meltwater samples from four seasonal snowpacks: a warm, maritime snowpack in California; a temperate continental snowpack in Vermont; a cold continental snowpack in Colorado; and an Arctic snowpack in Alaska. Despite the very different climate conditions the delta(18)O of meltwater from all four snowpacks increased as melting progressed. This trend is consistent with theoretical results that model isotopic exchange between water and ice as meltwater percolates through a snowpack. We have estimated the systematic error in the hydrograph separation if the isotopic composition of a snow core were used in place of that of meltwater. Assuming no error in the old water or stream water values, the error in the new water fraction depends on: (1) the isotopic difference between the snow core and the old water; (2) the isotopic difference between the snow core and the meltwater; and (3) the new water fraction contributing to the stream flow during a spring melt event. The error is large when snowmelt contributes a dominant fraction of the stream flow, which may be expected where infiltration of snowmelt is limited (e.g. permafrost, urban areas). A particular challenge will be how to incorporate the changes in isotopic composition of meltwater measured at a point into hydrograph separation models conducted at the watershed scale. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Denver, CO 80217 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Denver, CO 80217 USA. Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM staylor@crrel.usace.army.mil RI McNamara, James/F-1993-2011 NR 38 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 18 SI SI BP 3683 EP 3690 DI 10.1002/hyp.1232 PG 8 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 630EK UT WOS:000180094400011 ER PT J AU Rulkov, NF Vorontsov, MA Illing, L AF Rulkov, NF Vorontsov, MA Illing, L TI Chaotic free-space laser communication over a turbulent channel SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHRONIZATION; SYSTEMS; MODULATION; SIGNALS AB The dynamics of errors caused by atmospheric turbulence in a self-synchronizing chaos-based communication system that stably transmits information over a similar to5 km free-space laser link is studied experimentally. Binary information is transmitted using a chaotic sequence of short-term pulses as a carrier. The information signal slightly shifts the chaotic time position of each pulse depending on the information bit. We report the results of an experimental analysis of the atmospheric turbulence in the channel and the impact of turbulence on the bit-error-rate performance of this chaos-based communication system. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Nonlinear Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Rulkov, NF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Nonlinear Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Rulkov, Nikolai/S-3447-2016 NR 37 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 30 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 27 AR 277905 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.277905 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 627RX UT WOS:000179949600061 PM 12513245 ER PT J AU Kabututu, Z Martin, SK Nozaki, T Kawazu, S Okada, T Munday, CJ Duszenko, M Lazarus, M Thuita, LW Urade, Y Kubata, BK AF Kabututu, Z Martin, SK Nozaki, T Kawazu, S Okada, T Munday, CJ Duszenko, M Lazarus, M Thuita, LW Urade, Y Kubata, BK TI Prostaglandin production from arachidonic acid and evidence for a 9,11-endoperoxide prostaglandin H-2 reductase in Leishmania SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arachidonic acid metabolism; prostaglandin production; prostaglandin F-2 alpha synthase; trypanosomatid; kinetoplastid; Leishmania ID MURINE LEISHMANIASIS; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; DONOVANI; AMASTIGOTES; DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION; PROMASTIGOTES; EXPRESSION; CLONING; GENES AB Lysates of Leishmania promastigotes can metabolise arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Prostaglandin production was heat sensitive and not inhibited by aspirin or indomethacin. We cloned and sequenced the cDNA of Leishmania major, Leishmania donovani, and Leishmania tropica prostaglandin F,, synthase, and overexpressed their respective 34-kDa recombinant proteins that catalyse the reduction of 9,11 endoperoxide PGH(2) to PGF(2alpha). Database search and sequence alignment alignment showed that L. major prostaglandin F-2alpha synthase exhibits 61, 99.3, and 99.3% identity with Trypanosoma brucei, L. donovani, and L. tropica prostaglandin F-2alpha synthase, respectively. Using polymerase chain reaction amplification, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence, we have demonstrated that prostaglandin F-2alpha synthase protein and gene are present in Old World and absent in New World Leishmania, and that this protein is localised to the promastigote cytosol. (C) 2002 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Osaka Biosci Inst, Dept Mol Behav Biol, Osaka 5650874, Japan. USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Unit 64109, APO, AE 09831 USA. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Parasitol, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628640, Japan. Int Med Ctr Japan, Res Inst, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628655, Japan. Osaka Univ, Sch Hlth & Sport Sci, Dept Med Sci 3, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Univ Tubingen, Inst Physiol Chem, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Georgetown Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Kubata, BK (reprint author), Osaka Biosci Inst, Dept Mol Behav Biol, Osaka 5650874, Japan. RI Lazarus, Michael/G-3130-2010; OI Lazarus, Michael/0000-0003-3863-4474; Lazarus, Michael/0000-0003-4700-7894 NR 34 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD DEC 19 PY 2002 VL 32 IS 14 BP 1693 EP 1700 AR PII S0020-7519(02)00160-1 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(02)00160-1 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 626XG UT WOS:000179898700003 PM 12464415 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JJ Stafford, RG AF Schmidt, JJ Stafford, RG TI A high-affinity competitive inhibitor of type A botulinum neurotoxin protease activity SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE botulinum neurotoxin; protease inhibitor ID SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY; TETANUS TOXIN; SNARE MOTIF; INFANT AB The peptide N-acetyl-CRATKML-amide is an effective inhibitor of type A botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT A) protease activity [Schmidt et al., FEBS Lett. 435 (1998) 61-64]. To improve inhibitor binding, the peptide was modified by replacing cysteine with other sulfhydryl-containing compounds. Ten peptides were synthesized. One peptide adapted the structure of captopril to the binding requirements of BoNT A, but it was a weak inhibitor, suggesting that angiotensin-converting enzyme is not a good model for BoNT A inhibitor development. However, replacing cysteine with 2-mercapto-3-phenylpropionyl yielded a peptide with K-i of 330 nM, the best inhibitor of BoNT A protease activity reported to date. Additional modifications of the inhibitor revealed structural elements important for binding and supported our earlier findings that, with the exception of P-1' arginine, subsites on BoNT A are not highly specific for particular amino acid side chains. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Toxinol & Aerobiol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Schmidt, JJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Toxinol & Aerobiol Div, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 32 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD DEC 18 PY 2002 VL 532 IS 3 BP 423 EP 426 AR PII S0014-5793(02)03738-9 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03738-9 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 626QP UT WOS:000179884800030 PM 12482605 ER PT J AU Burch, HB Bernet, VJ Plotkin, FR McCord, CF Howard, RS Solomon, BL Magdycz, WP Craig, SC AF Burch, HB Bernet, VJ Plotkin, FR McCord, CF Howard, RS Solomon, BL Magdycz, WP Craig, SC TI Graves disease in a US army special forces group SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Endocrine Metab Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Occupat Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Otolaryngol, Portsmouth, Hants, England. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Epidemiol Serv Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Burch, HB (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Endocrine Metab Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 18 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 23 BP 2975 EP 2976 DI 10.1001/jama.288.23.2975 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 626CG UT WOS:000179854200032 PM 12479762 ER PT J AU McElroy, AK Bray, M Reed, DS Schmaljohn, CS AF McElroy, AK Bray, M Reed, DS Schmaljohn, CS TI Andes virus infection of cynomolgus macaques SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Congress of Virology CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2002 CL PARIS, FRANCE ID HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; KOREAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; HANTAAN VIRUS; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; IN-VITRO; OUTBREAK; RIBAVIRIN; ARGENTINA AB Andes virus (ANDV), a member of the genus Hantavirus, is a causative agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and is the only hantavirus known to be transmissible from person to person. HPS is found in North and South America and is often fatal. To test the virulence of ANDV in nonhuman primates, we exposed cynomolgus macaques to Andes virus, either intravenously or by aerosol. The monkeys did not manifest clinical disease but showed significant lymphocyte decreases between days 8 and 11 postexposure. All monkeys developed (1) both IgM and IgG antibodies against the viral nucleocapsid protein and (2) a neutralizing antibody response. By plaque assay, serum samples were negative for infectious virus, but by nonnested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, viral S-segment genomes were detected in whole blood from 4 of 6 monkeys. This study is the first demonstration of infection of nonhuman primates by an HPS-causing virus. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Aerobiol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Schmaljohn, CS (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. OI Reed, Douglas/0000-0003-0076-9023 NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 12 BP 1706 EP 1712 DI 10.1086/345768 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 617ZW UT WOS:000179392800001 PM 12447754 ER PT J AU Vorontsov, MA Carhart, GW AF Vorontsov, MA Carhart, GW TI Adaptive phase distortion correction in strong speckle-modulation conditions SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTIMIZATION AB We introduce beam-quality metrics for adaptive wave-front control that permit estimation of the degree of laser beam energy concentration on a remotely located extended object based upon the backscattered wave intensity distribution at the receiver. A 37-control-channel adaptive optics system with phase correction of the output wave capable of operating in the presence of speckle-field-induced strong intensity modulation is presented. System operation is based on optimization of the speckle-field-based metric by the stochastic parallel gradient descent technique. Results demonstrate that adaptive wave-front correction using speckle-field-based beam-quality metrics can significantly improve laser beam concentration on extended objects. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20823 USA. Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Vorontsov, MA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20823 USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 27 IS 24 BP 2155 EP 2157 DI 10.1364/OL.27.002155 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 625AR UT WOS:000179795000003 PM 18033467 ER PT J AU Flynn, T Fritz, J Whitman, J Wainner, R Magel, J Rendeiro, D Butler, B Garber, M Allison, S AF Flynn, T Fritz, J Whitman, J Wainner, R Magel, J Rendeiro, D Butler, B Garber, M Allison, S TI A clinical prediction rule for classifying patients with low back pain who demonstrate short-term improvement with spinal manipulation SO SPINE LA English DT Article ID SACROILIAC JOINT DYSFUNCTION; FEAR-AVOIDANCE BELIEFS; METHODOLOGICAL STANDARDS; CLASSIFICATION APPROACH; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT; PHYSICAL-EXAMINATION; MEDICAL LITERATURE; PROVOCATION TESTS; DIAGNOSTIC-TEST; USERS GUIDES AB Study Design. A prospective, cohort study of patients with nonradicular low back pain referred to physical therapy. Objective. Develop a clinical prediction rule for identifying patients with low back pain who improve with spinal manipulation. Summary of Background Data. Development of clinical prediction rules for classifying patients with low back pain who are likely to respond to a particular intervention, such as manipulation, would improve clinical decision-making and research. Methods. Patients with nonradicular low back pain underwent a standardized examination and then underwent a standardized spinal manipulation treatment program. Success with treatment was determined using percent change in disability scores over three sessions and served as the reference standard for determining the accuracy of examination variables. Examination variables were first analyzed for univariate accuracy in predicting success and then combined into a multivariate clinical prediction rule. Results. Seventy-one patients participated. Thirty-two had success with the manipulation intervention. A clinical prediction rule with five variables (symptom duration, fear-avoidance beliefs, lumbar hypomobility, hip internal rotation range of motion, and no symptoms distal to the knee) was identified. The presence of four of five of these variables (positive likelihood ratio = 24.38) increased the probability of success with manipulation from 45% to 95%. Conclusion. It appears that patients with low back pain likely to respond to manipulation can be accurately identified before treatment. C1 US Army Baylor Univ Grad Program Phys Therapy, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA USA. US Army Baylor Univ Postprofess Doctoral Program, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Flynn, T (reprint author), US Army Baylor Univ Grad Program Phys Therapy, 3151 Scott Rd,Room 1303, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. OI Magel, John/0000-0001-9087-4753 NR 71 TC 284 Z9 287 U1 1 U2 22 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 27 IS 24 BP 2835 EP 2843 DI 10.1097/00007632-200212150-00021 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 629FP UT WOS:000180040000017 PM 12486357 ER PT J AU Rothwell, SW Fudge, JM Chen, WK Reid, TJ Krishnamurti, C AF Rothwell, SW Fudge, JM Chen, WK Reid, TJ Krishnamurti, C TI Addition of a propyl gallate-based procoagulant to a fibrin bandage improves hemostatic performance in a swine arterial bleeding model SO THROMBOSIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fibrin dressing; arterial hemorrhage; swine; fibrinogen; propyl gallate ID V LIVER INJURIES; BLOOD-LOSS; SEALANT DRESSINGS; SURGERY; EFFICACY; TACHOCOMB; AGENT; GLUE; GENERATION; PREVENTION AB Fibrin bandages manufactured by Nycomed Austria (TC-S) were modified by the addition of Hemostyptin (HS), a proprietary platelet-activating reagent containing propyl gallate. HS was added as an additional layer to TC-S fibrin bandages and the bandages were tested for hemostatic efficacy in a swine femoral artery bleeding model. Injuries were treated with a TC-S + HS bandage preparation using HS lyophilized onto a bandage surface that was then attached to the fibrin dressing. This preparation qualitatively and quantitatively exhibited more robust blood clotting at the surgical site than the control bandages. TC-S + HS bandages were more effective than control bandages with a difference in blood loss of 251.8 +/- 66.5 g for TC-S bandage alone, n = 12 vs. 121 +/- 40.7 g, n = 13 for the TC-S + HS bandage, P= 0.05. Bleeding times were shortened for animals treated with the HS fortified bandages and residual,platelets counts in these animals were higher. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anat Physiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Anim Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Rothwell, SW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, 503 Rober Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0049-3848 J9 THROMB RES JI Thromb. Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 108 IS 5-6 BP 335 EP 340 DI 10.1016/S0049-3848(03)00112-9 PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 674FD UT WOS:000182626000012 PM 12676195 ER PT J AU Rothwell, SW Fudge, JM Reid, TJ Krishnamurti, C AF Rothwell, SW Fudge, JM Reid, TJ Krishnamurti, C TI epsilon-Amino caproic acid additive decreases fibrin bandage performance in a swine arterial bleeding model SO THROMBOSIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fibrin dressing; arterial hemorrhage; swine; fibrinogen ID V LIVER INJURIES; HEMOSTATIC EFFICACY; AMINOCAPROIC ACID; BLOOD-LOSS; SEALANT DRESSINGS; SURGERY; TACHOCOMB; HEMORRHAGE; SAFETY; TRAUMA AB epsilon-Amino caproic acid (EACA), a lysine analog that inhibits the activity of plasmin, was added to Nycomed (TC-S) fibrin bandages, and the bandages were tested for hemostatic efficacy in a swine femoral artery bleeding model. The blood loss using the bandage with EACA (TC-S + EACA; 728.8 +/- 132 g, n = 5) was much greater as compared to the TC-S bandage alone (TC-S; 237.8 +/- 47.9 g, n = 6, p=.02). The time to "cessation of bleeding" (T-b) was also increased for animals treated with TC-S + EACA bandages compared to the TC-S controls (33.6 +/- 10.8 min vs. 9.2 +/- 2.2 min; p=.05). Although plasma fibrinogen concentration decreased in animals treated with the TC-S + EACA bandage, activated partial thromboplastin times (aPTT) and thrombin times (TT) were decreased. Animals treated with the TC-S control bandage exhibited no changes in fibrinogen, aPTT or TT. Prothrombin times (PT) were unchanged in either group. In conclusion, addition of EACA to the Nycomed product decreased fibrin bandage efficiency. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anat Physiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Anim Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Rothwell, SW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0049-3848 J9 THROMB RES JI Thromb. Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 108 IS 5-6 BP 341 EP 345 DI 10.1016/S0049-3848(03)00111-7 PG 5 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 674FD UT WOS:000182626000013 PM 12676196 ER PT J AU Segawa, T Nau, ME Xu, LL Chilukuri, RN Makarem, M Zhang, W Petrovics, G Sesterhenn, IA McLeod, DG Moul, JW Vahey, M Srivastava, S AF Segawa, T Nau, ME Xu, LL Chilukuri, RN Makarem, M Zhang, W Petrovics, G Sesterhenn, IA McLeod, DG Moul, JW Vahey, M Srivastava, S TI Androgen-induced expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response genes in prostate cancer cells SO ONCOGENE LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; androgen regulated genes; gene chip; endoplasmic reticulum stress response ID UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE; FATTY-ACID SYNTHASE; RECEPTOR GENE; ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE; POLYAMINE LEVELS; CARCINOMA-CELLS; GROWTH-FACTOR; IN-VIVO; PROGRESSION; MODEL AB Evaluations of androgen regulated gene (ARG) repertoire provide new insights into the androgen receptor (AR) mediated signaling at the transcriptional level. Definition of ARGs having critical functions in the biology of normal and malignant prostate should aid in identifying new bio-markers and therapeutic targets for prostate cancer (CaP). Using Affymetrix HuGene FL oligonucleotide arrays, temporal expression profiles of ARGs in widely used hormone responsive LNCaP cells, were analysed by hierarchical clustering methods and functional classification. ARGs in response to different androgen concentrations showed temporal co-regulation of genes involved in specific biochemical pathways. This study focuses on our new observations of the coordinated androgen induction of genes (NDRG1, PDIR, HERPUD1, ORP150) involved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response pathway. Expression analysis of the two selected ER stress responsive genes, NDRG1 and HERPUD1 in primary CaPs revealed a significantly reduced tumor associated expression. Intriguing linkage of the androgen signaling to ER stress responsive genes, a protective response to protein unfolding or protein damage resulting from cellular stress signals, suggests that androgens may induce such stress signals in CaP cells. Decreased CaP associated expression of two ER stress responsive genes also suggests that possible abrogation of this pathway in prostate tumorigenesis. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostrate Dis Res, Dept Surg, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Genitourinary Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Affymetrix Gene Array Lab, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Srivastava, S (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostrate Dis Res, Dept Surg, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 59 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0950-9232 J9 ONCOGENE JI Oncogene PD DEC 12 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 57 BP 8749 EP 8758 DI 10.1038/sj.onc.1205992 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 623ZG UT WOS:000179734400009 PM 12483528 ER PT J AU Zhang, SS Xu, K Jow, TR AF Zhang, SS Xu, K Jow, TR TI Low temperature performance of graphite electrode in Li-ion cells SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Li-ion cell; graphite electrode; low temperature; lithium ion diffusivity; ionic conductivity ID POTENTIOSTATIC INTERMITTENT TITRATION; LITHIUM IONS; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT; FILM ELECTRODES; APROTIC MEDIA; INTERCALATION; IMPEDANCE; MECHANISM; BATTERIES; BEHAVIOR AB We studied low temperature performance of Li/graphite cell. Results show that capacity of the graphite electrode falls significantly in the temperature range of 0 to -20 degreesC. When lithiation and delithiation are both carried out at -20 degreesC, graphite only retains 12% of the room temperature capacity. However, delithiation capacity of graphite increases to 92% of the room temperature value if the lithiation is carried out at room temperature. We believe that the poor low temperature performance of the cell is due to slow kinetics of lithium ion diffusion in graphite rather than low ionic conductivity of electrolyte and solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on the graphite surface. During lithiation and delithiation processes, lithium ion has the similar apparent chemical diffusion coefficient of 10(-9)-10(-10) cm(2)/s at 20 degreesC, depending on the state of lithiation of graphite. We observed a dramatic decrease in lithium ion diffusivity in the temperature range of 0 to -20 degreesC, and that at low temperatures of < -20 degreesC, lithium ion has higher diffusivity in the delithiated graphite than in the lithiated one. We also observed that temperature dependence of cycling behavior of the Li/graphite cell follows the change of lithium ion diffusivity. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, SS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012; Xu, Kang/C-6054-2013 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110; NR 26 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 58 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD DEC 11 PY 2002 VL 48 IS 3 BP 241 EP 246 AR PII S0013-4686(02)00620-5 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(02)00620-5 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 618JD UT WOS:000179414200004 ER PT J AU Weis, CP Intrepido, AJ Miller, AK Cowin, PG Durno, MA Gebhardt, JS Bull, R AF Weis, CP Intrepido, AJ Miller, AK Cowin, PG Durno, MA Gebhardt, JS Bull, R TI Secondary aerosolization of viable Bacillus anthracis spores in a contaminated US Senate Office SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PCR AB Context Bioterrorist attacks involving letters and mail-handling systems in Washington, DC, resulted in Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) spore contamination in the Hart Senate Office Building and other facilities in the US Capitol's vicinity. Objective To provide information about the nature and extent of indoor secondary aerosolization of B anthracis spores. Design Stationary and personal air samples, surface dust, and swab samples were collected under semiquiescent (minimal activities) and then simulated active office conditions to estimate secondary aerosolization of B anthracis spores. Nominal size characteristics, airborne concentrations, and surface contamination of a anthracis particles (colony-forming units) were evaluated. Results Viable B anthracis spores reaerosolized under semiquiescent conditions, with a marked increase in reaerosolization during simulated active office conditions. Increases were observed for B anthracis collected on open sheep blood agar plates (P<.001) and personal air monitors (P=.01) during active office conditions. More than 80% of the B anthracis particles collected on stationary monitors were within an alveolar respirable size range of 0.95 to 3.5 μm. Conclusions Bacillus anthracis spores used in a recent terrorist incident reaerosolized under common office activities. These findings have important implications for appropriate respiratory protection, remediation, and reoccupancy of contaminated office environments. C1 US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. US PHS, Denver, CO USA. US EPA, Cleveland Off, Westlake, OH USA. Naval Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Directorate, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Weis, CP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Enforcement Invest Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Bldg 53,POB 25227, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 21 TC 74 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 11 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 22 BP 2853 EP 2858 DI 10.1001/jama.288.22.2853 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 623YM UT WOS:000179732600030 PM 12472327 ER PT J AU Liu, W Kumar, J Tripathy, S Samuelson, LA AF Liu, W Kumar, J Tripathy, S Samuelson, LA TI Enzymatic synthesis of conducting polyaniline in micelle solutions SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ACID-DOPED POLYANILINE; SUBSTITUTED POLYANILINE; VIBRATIONAL ANALYSIS; NMR CHARACTERIZATION; CATALYZED REACTIONS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; POLYMERIZATION; FILMS; POLYMERS AB Peroxidase-catalyzed template-guided polymerization of aniline has been carried out in aqueous micellar solutions of surfactants, such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, (SDBS), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and polyoxyethylene(10) isooctylphenyl ether (Triton X-100). The properties of these enzymatically synthesized polyanilines strongly depend on the structure of the surfactants used in the formation of micelles as shown by the UV-vis-near-IR absorption spectroscopy. The micelles formed by strong acid surfactants such as SDBS are suitable templates for the enzymatic synthesis of conducting polyaniline. In solution, the micelles may serve as nanoreactors for the aniline monomer prior to the reaction and provide the necessary low-pH local environment for the growth of conducting polyaniline. The formation of low-pH local environment is further confirmed by the pH change of the bulk solution after the loading of aniline onto the micelles. FTIR, NMR, and LrV-vis-near-IR absorption spectroscopy as well as cyclic voltammetry are used in the characterization of the synthesized polyaniline. The enzymatically synthesized SDBS micellar polyanilines are electrically active and soluble in organic solvents such as DMSO and DMF in emeraldine base form. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kumar, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 84 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 10 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 25 BP 9696 EP 9704 DI 10.1021/la0206357 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 623TU UT WOS:000179719600016 ER PT J AU Komirenko, SM Kim, KW Kochelap, VA Zavada, JM AF Komirenko, SM Kim, KW Kochelap, VA Zavada, JM TI Laterally doped heterostructures for III-N lasing devices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT INJECTION-LASER; SEMICONDUCTORS; SUPERLATTICES; NITRIDE AB To achieve a high-density electron-hole plasma in group-III nitrides for efficient light emission, we propose a planar two-dimensional (2D) p-i-n structure that can be formed in the quantum well layers due to efficient activation of donors and acceptors in the laterally, selectively doped barriers. We show that strongly nonequilibrium 2D electron-hole plasma with density above 10(12) cm(-2) can be realized in the i region of the laterally biased p-i-n structure, enabling the formation of interband population inversion and stimulated emission from such a lateral current pumped emitter (LACE). We suggest that implementation of the lateral p-i-n structures provides an efficient way of utilizing potential-profile-enhanced doping of superlattices and quantum wells for electric pumping of nitride-based lasers. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Semicond Phys, UA-252650 Kiev, Ukraine. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Komirenko, SM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 9 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 24 BP 4616 EP 4618 DI 10.1063/1.1527985 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 621VM UT WOS:000179611800040 ER PT J AU Jensen, JO AF Jensen, JO TI Vibrational frequencies and structural determinations of perfluoroallene SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE vibrational frequencies; normal modes; infrared spectra; Raman spectra; perfluoroallene ID POLYHALOGENO-ALLENES; FLUORINATED ALLENES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; ELECTRON-DENSITY; CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; TETRAFLUOROALLENE; ACETYLENES; TRIFLUORONITROSOMETHANE; TETRAFLUOROPROPYNE; THERMOCHEMISTRY AB The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of perfluoroallene in D-2d symmetry are examined theoretically using the (GAUSSIAN)98 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of to one of seven types of motion (C=C stretch, CF stretch, CF2 scissors, CF2 twist, CF2 wag, CF2 rock, and C=C=C bend) predicted by a group theoretical,analysis. By comparing the vibrational frequencies with infrared (IR) and Raman spectra available in the literature, a set of scaling factors is derived. Predicted IR and Raman intensities are reported. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSSB RRT DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSSB RRT DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM james.jensen@sbccom.apgea.army.mil NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD DEC 9 PY 2002 VL 619 BP 69 EP 77 AR PII S0166-1280(02)00544-4 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(02)00544-4 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 624QZ UT WOS:000179773300007 ER PT J AU Lee, SL Windover, D Lu, TM Audino, M AF Lee, SL Windover, D Lu, TM Audino, M TI In situ phase evolution study in magnetron sputtered tantalum thin films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 22-26, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE in situ characterization; magnetron sputtering; real-time XRD; tantalum; 2D detector ID TA FILMS; DEPOSITION; COATINGS AB The design and construction of a planar magnetron sputter deposition system with a beryllium chamber has been accomplished to perform in situ X-ray diffraction growth study of refractory coatings. The deposition system sits on top of a laboratory theta-2theta X-ray diffractometer. A 2D array detector was interfaced for observation of the Debye rings during growth. Integration along the 20 and X directions allows fast phase and texture determination. Two sputter depositions of tantalum films onto glass substrate in argon gas are reported, one was deposited at 25 mm target-detector distance, 3.9 Pa argon gas, and the other at 108 min target-detector distance and 1.3 Pa argon gas. The first film grew to 250 nm in 39 min at an average growth rate of 6.4 nm/min. It consisted of 45 nm of interface layer, which showed no crystalline structure, followed by 15-nm growth of beta-tantalum, followed by 190-nm growth of alpha-tantalum. From the full-width-half-maximum of the X-plot, it was determined that beta-tantalum was (0 0 2) textured, and alpha-tantalum was (110) textured and grew more textured with deposition time. The second film grew to 36 nm in 22 min at an average growth rate of 1.6 nm/min. It consisted of 31 nm of layer, which showed no crystalline structure, followed by 5 nm of surface layer of beta- and alpha-tantalum. Ex situ grazing incidence X-ray diffraction performed on the film surface confirmed the in situ results. Ex situ pole figure analysis showed: (110) fiber texture in a-tantalum, and highly (0 0 2) texture in beta-tantalum. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Integrated Elect & Elect Mfg, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Lee, SL (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 2 PY 2002 VL 420 BP 287 EP 294 AR PII S0040-6090(02)00941-0 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(02)00941-0 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 627FJ UT WOS:000179922500049 ER PT J AU Iliadis, AA Vispute, RD Venkatesan, T Jones, KA AF Iliadis, AA Vispute, RD Venkatesan, T Jones, KA TI Ohmic metallization technology for wide band-gap semiconductors SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 22-26, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE Ohmic contacts; SiC; ZnO; focused ion beam; Pt; W; TiN ID P-TYPE; CONTACTS; CARBIDE; EPITAXY AB Ohmic contact metallizations on p-type 6H-SiC and n-type ZnO using a novel approach of focused ion beam (FIB) surface-modification and direct-write metal deposition will be reviewed, and the properties of such focused ion beam assisted non-annealed contacts will be reported. The process uses a Ga focused ion beam to modify the surface of the semiconductor with different doses, and then introduces an organometallic compound in the Ga ion beam, to effect the direct-write deposition of a metal on the modified surface. Contact resistance measurements by the transmission line method produced values in the low 10(-4) Omega cm(2) range for surface-modified and direct-write Pt and W non-annealed contacts, and mid 10(-5) Omega cm(2) range for surface-modified and pulse laser deposited TiN contacts. An optimum Ga surface-modification dosage window is determined, within which the current transport mechanism of these contacts was found to proceed mainly by tunneling through the metal-modified-semi conductor interface layer. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Iliadis, AA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013 NR 20 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 2 PY 2002 VL 420 BP 478 EP 486 AR PII S0040-6090(02)00834-9 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(02)00834-9 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 627FJ UT WOS:000179922500081 ER PT J AU Hays, NP Bathalon, GP Meydani, SN Leka, LS Lipman, R Roubenoff, R Schaefer, EJ Roberts, SB AF Hays, NP Bathalon, GP Meydani, SN Leka, LS Lipman, R Roubenoff, R Schaefer, EJ Roberts, SB TI Metabolic aging and predicted longevity: Results of a cross-sectional study in post-menopausal women SO AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE energy expenditure; immune function; longevity; metabolic aging; oxidative stress; postmenopausal women ID HEALTHY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; LIFE-SPAN; CALORIC RESTRICTION; DIETARY RESTRAINT; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IMMUNE; MORTALITY; CENTENARIANS; QUESTIONNAIRE; POPULATION AB Background and aims: The extent to which general characteristics of metabolic aging contribute to differences in life span among individuals remains uncertain. The objective of this study was to examine the association of age-related physiological and metabolic variables with predicted longevity in post-menopausal women. Methods: Subjects were 33 healthy women aged 55-65 years. Total and resting energy expenditure, body temperature, immune function as assessed by a delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test (DTH), lipid profile, and reported dietary intake were measured. Results: There were no significant associations between longevity, energy expenditure, body temperature, lipid profile, or dietary intake. However, there was a significant association of predicted longevity with DTH (partial r=0.44, p=0.023). Conclusions: These results suggest that immune function may predict familial differences in longevity, while energy expenditure, body temperature, lipid profile, and dietary intake are unrelated. Although the small sample size may have limited the ability to detect metabolic effects on longevity in this study, the general approach may be broadly applicable to examinations of metabolic aging in humans. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Donald W Reynolds Ctr Aging, Nutr Metab & Exercise Lab, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM susan.roberts@tufts.edu OI Hays, Nicholas/0000-0002-7322-1600 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG12829, T32AG00209]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK46124] NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU EDITRICE KURTIS S R L PI MILAN PA VIA LUIGI ZOJA 30, 20153 MILAN, ITALY SN 1594-0667 J9 AGING CLIN EXP RES JI Aging Clin. Exp. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 14 IS 6 BP 465 EP 473 PG 9 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 657TZ UT WOS:000181683600004 PM 12674486 ER PT J AU Tecuci, G Boicu, M Marcu, D Stanescu, B Boicu, C Comello, J AF Tecuci, G Boicu, M Marcu, D Stanescu, B Boicu, C Comello, J TI Training and using DISCIPLE agents - A case study in the military center of gravity analysis domain SO AI MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB This article presents the results of a multifaceted research and development effort that synergistically integrates AI research with military strategy research and practical deployment of agents into education. It describes recent advances in the DISCIPLE approach to agent development by subject-matter experts with limited assistance from knowledge engineers, the innovative application Of DISCIPLE to the development of agents for the strategic center of gravity analysis, and the deployment and evaluation of these agents in several courses at the U.S. Army War College. C1 George Mason Univ, Learning Agents Lab, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USA, War Coll, Ctr Strateg Leadership, Washington, DC USA. US Marine Corps Command & Staff Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP George Mason Univ, Learning Agents Lab, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM tecuci@gmu.edu; mboicu@gmu.edu; dmarcu@cs.gmu.edu; bstanesc@cs.gmu.edu; ccascava@gmu.-edu NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELL PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DRIVE, MENLO PK, CA 94025-3496 USA SN 0738-4602 J9 AI MAG JI AI Mag. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 4 BP 51 EP 68 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 633NE UT WOS:000180288700005 ER PT J AU Hierholzer, J Montano, S Hoelscher, M Negrete, M Hierholzer, M Avila, MM Carrillo, MG Russi, JC Vinoles, J Alava, A Acosta, ME Gianella, A Andrade, R Sanchez, JL Carrion, G Sanchez, JL Russell, K Robb, M Birx, D McCutchan, F Carr, JK AF Hierholzer, J Montano, S Hoelscher, M Negrete, M Hierholzer, M Avila, MM Carrillo, MG Russi, JC Vinoles, J Alava, A Acosta, ME Gianella, A Andrade, R Sanchez, JL Carrion, G Sanchez, JL Russell, K Robb, M Birx, D McCutchan, F Carr, JK TI Molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Argentina SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID SUBTYPE-B; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SOUTH-AMERICA; BUENOS-AIRES; RECOMBINANT; TRANSMISSION; THAILAND; AFRICA AB Surveillance for HIV infection among people at increased risk was conducted in five countries in South America. Seroprevalence studies were conducted in more than 36, 000 people in Ecuador, Peru, Boliva, Uruguay, and Argentina, along with genetic analysis of the HIV-1 strains. In all countries, the prevalence of HIV-1 among men who have sex with men (MSM) was high (3-30%), whereas the prevalence among female commercial sex workers (FCSMs) was low (0.3-6%). By envelope heteroduplex mobility assay, subtype B predominated in MSM communities and in FCSWs in Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru. A new genetic screening assay, the multiregion hybridization assay for subtypes B and F (MHA-bf), was developed to improve large-scale genetic screening in South America. MHA-bf can screen four regions of the genome for subtype B or subtype F, and thus can detect most recombinants. The sensitivity of MHA-bf when applied to a panel of pure subtypes and CRF12_BF was 100%, and 88% of unique recombinants were also detected as recombinant. Using MHA-bf, more than 80% of samples from Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia were classified as pure subtype B, whereas in Uruguay and Argentina this proportion was only 30 to 40%. BF recombinants were the most prevalent form of HIV-1 in Uruguay and Argentina. Subtype B is the most common subtype in countries lacking injecting drug use (IDU) epidemics, whereas BF recombinants are more common in countries where extensive IDU epidemics have been documented, suggesting the ontogeny of recombinant strains in particular risk groups in South America. C1 Henry M Jackson Fdn, US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. US Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. Univ Munich, D-80539 Munich, Germany. Natl Reference Ctr AIDS, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Natl Reference Lab, Montevideo, Uruguay. Minist Hlth, Natl AIDS Program, Montevideo, Uruguay. Natl Inst Hyg & Trop Med Leopoldo Izquieta Perez, Guayaquil, Ecuador. Minist Hlth, Natl AIDS Program, Quito, Ecuador. Ctr Nacl Enfermedades Trop, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Inst Nacl Labs Salud, La Paz, Bolivia. Asociac Civil Impacta Salud & Educ, Lima, Peru. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Carr, JK (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn, US Mil HIV Res Program, 1 Taft Court,Suite 250, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RI Hoelscher, Michael/D-3436-2012 NR 27 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 18 IS 18 BP 1339 EP 1350 DI 10.1089/088922202320935410 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 625JM UT WOS:000179813400002 PM 12487805 ER PT J AU Shry, EA Dacus, J Van De Groaff, E Hjelkrem, M Stajduhar, KC Steinhubl, SR AF Shry, EA Dacus, J Van De Groaff, E Hjelkrem, M Stajduhar, KC Steinhubl, SR TI Usefulness of the response to sublingual nitroglycerin as a predictor of ischemic chest pain in the emergency department SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESOPHAGEAL; DIFFERENTIATION; HISTORY; DISEASE AB In 223 consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department with ongoing chest pain, >90% of patients had improvement in their pain after receiving nitroglycerin, and >70% had complete resolution of their symptoms. Nitroglycerin response was not related to cardiac pathology as determined by conventional testing, and the practice of supporting or excluding the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia should therefore not be based on a patient's response to nitroglycerin. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, MCHE, MDC, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth Sci, Div Cardiol, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Shry, EA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, MCHE, MDC, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 90 IS 11 BP 1264 EP + AR PII S0002-9149(02)02850-3 DI 10.1016/S0002-9149(02)02850-3 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 621YN UT WOS:000179618800020 PM 12450614 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC AF Abbott, KC TI Excess cardiovascular mortality in chronic dialysis patients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dialysis Nephrol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dialysis Nephrol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1349 EP 1350 DI 10.1053/ajkd.2002.37391 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 621HA UT WOS:000179581900034 PM 12460060 ER PT J AU Rubertone, MV Brundage, JF AF Rubertone, MV Brundage, JF TI The Defense Medical Surveillance System and the Department of Defense serum repository: Glimpses of the future of public health surveillance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID US MILITARY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; DECISIONS AB The Defense Medical Surveillance System (DMSS) is the central repository of medical surveillance data for the US armed forces. The DMSS integrates data from sources worldwide in a continuously-expanding relational database that documents the military and medical experiences of servicemembers throughout their careers. The Department of Defense Serum Repository (DoDSR) is a central archive of sera drawn from servicemembers for medical surveillance purposes. Currently, the DMSS contains data relevant to more than 7 million individuals who have served in the armed forces since 1990, and the DoDSR contains more than 27 million specimens that are linkable to data in the DMSS. Recent applications of the DMSS and DoDSR provide glimpses of the capabilities and uses of comprehensive public health surveillance systems. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Med Surveillance Act, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Rubertone, MV (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Med Surveillance Act, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Bldg T-20,Room 213,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 43 TC 195 Z9 195 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2002 VL 92 IS 12 BP 1900 EP 1904 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.12.1900 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 619BL UT WOS:000179453400011 PM 12453804 ER EF