FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Palmer, DR Sun, PF Celluzzi, C Bisbing, J Pang, SN Sun, W Marovich, MA Burgess, T AF Palmer, DR Sun, PF Celluzzi, C Bisbing, J Pang, SN Sun, W Marovich, MA Burgess, T TI Differential effects of dengue virus on infected and bystander dendritic cells SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; T-CELLS; INDUCED MATURATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; MEASLES-VIRUS; INTERFERON; ACTIVATION; IL-10; ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN-10 AB Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role as major targets of dengue virus (DV) infections and initiators of antiviral immune responses. Previous observations showed that DCs are activated by infection, presumably acquiring the capacity to promote cell-mediated immunity. However, separate evaluations of the maturation profiles of infected and uninfected bystander cells show that infection impairs the ability of DCs to upregulate cell surface expression of costimulatory, maturation, and major histocompatibility complex molecules, resulting in reduced T-cell stimulatory capacity. Infected DCs failed to respond to tumor necrosis factor alpha as an additional maturation stimulus and were apoptotic. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) was detected in supernatants from cultures of DV-infected DCs and cocultures of DCs and T cells. Taken together, these results constitute an immune evasion strategy used by DV that directly impairs antigen-presenting cell function by maturation blockade and induction of apoptosis. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Viral Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab, Blood & Cell Therapy Dev, Rockville, MD USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. RP Burgess, T (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM BurgessT@NMRC.navy.mil NR 42 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 79 IS 4 BP 2432 EP 2439 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.4.2432-2439.2005 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 894DZ UT WOS:000226772100045 PM 15681444 ER PT J AU Minyard, CM AF Minyard, CM TI The pirate-wars SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Blountstown, FL USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 130 IS 2 BP 96 EP 97 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 891WQ UT WOS:000226612100215 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI MacArthur's victory: The war in new Guinea, 1943-1944 SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 130 IS 2 BP 97 EP 97 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 891WQ UT WOS:000226612100218 ER PT J AU Minyard, CM AF Minyard, CM TI Washington's general: Nathanael Greene and the triumph of the American revolution SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Blountstown, FL USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 130 IS 2 BP 97 EP 97 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 891WQ UT WOS:000226612100219 ER PT J AU Boyles, RE Flynn, TW Whitman, JM AF Boyles, RE Flynn, TW Whitman, JM TI Manipulation following regional interscalene anesthetic block for shoulder adhesive capsulitis: a case series - Case report SO MANUAL THERAPY LA English DT Article ID GLENOHUMERAL ABDUCTION RANGE; FROZEN SHOULDER; DISABILITY INDEX; JOINT; PHYSIOTHERAPY; MOBILIZATION; RELEASE; MOTION; PAIN C1 Baylor Univ, USA, Doctoral Program Phys Therapy, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Regis Univ, Denver, CO 80221 USA. Kirtland Air Force Base, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Boyles, RE (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USA, Doctoral Program Phys Therapy, 3151 Scott Rd,Rm 1303, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM timothy.flynn@cen.amedd.army.mil NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 1356-689X J9 MANUAL THER JI Man. Ther. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 10 IS 1 BP 80 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.math.2004.05.002 PG 8 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 903HM UT WOS:000227416600013 PM 15681274 ER PT J AU Anastasi, RE Madaras, EI AF Anastasi, RE Madaras, EI TI Application of ultrasonic guided waves for aging wire insulation assessment SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE guided waves; wire insulation; cylindrical waveguide; ultrasonics ID FLEXURAL WAVES; DISPERSION; RODS AB Aging wiring has become a critical issue to the aircraft indutry due to recent aircra t incidents. The problem is that over time the insulation ore wire becomes brittle nod cracks. This exposes the underlying conductive wire, creating the potential for short circuits and fire. Popular methods of monitoring aging wire focus on applying electrical sensing techniques that are sensitive to the conductor's condition, but not very sensitive to the insulation's condition. Thus, the development of techniques to quantify and monitor aging noire insulation is highly warranted. Measurement of wire insulation stiffness by ultrasonic guided waves is being tested. Initial laboratory tests were per formed on a simple model consisting of a solid cylinder and a solid c cylinder with a polymer coating. Experimental measurements showed that lie lowest order extensional mode could be sensitive to stiffness changes in the wire insulation. To test this theory, conventional noire samples (typically found in aircraft) were heat damaged in an oven, in a range of heat no conditions. The samples were 12,16 mad 20 gage and the heat damage introduced material changes in the noire insulation that made the originally flexible insulation brittle and darker in color. Extensional mode phase velocity increased for the samples that were exposed to heat for a longer duration. Although the heat damage conditions may be more extreme than those encountered in environmental aging, indications are that this technique has the potential to detect and quantify degradation in wire insulation. C1 USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, AMSRL VTS,Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Anastasi, RE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, AMSRL VTS,Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM robert.f.anastasi@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 63 IS 2 BP 143 EP 147 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 894AL UT WOS:000226762100004 ER PT J AU Caouette, ML AF Caouette, ML TI Developing a pharmaceutical formulary for joint military medical operations SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB This article describes the development of a standardized formulary for medical contingency operations for any theater of operations. The article compares peacetime health care systems within the Department of Defense and the formulary systems developed and used within the fixed facility environment with Department of Defense contingency health care operations systems and the complications encountered while attempting formulary development for the deployed environment. Despite great difficulties, the Joint Readiness Clinical Advisory Board developed, published, and marketed a jointly approved, standardized, modernized formulary to assist forces deploying for Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. The process used by the Joint Readiness Clinical Advisory Board during formulary development is described in detail, giving readers an understanding of the foundations of the Joint Deployment Formulary. The military departments will experience the benefits of enhanced supply chain predictability and responsiveness, increased clinician satisfaction, and improved patient safety and health care quality by implementing the Joint Deployment Formulary for their forces engaged in contingency operations. C1 USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Pharm Branch, Dept Clin Support Serv,Acad Hlth Sci, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Caouette, ML (reprint author), USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Pharm Branch, Dept Clin Support Serv,Acad Hlth Sci, 3151 Scott Rd, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 170 IS 2 BP 109 EP 112 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JH UT WOS:000235830900003 PM 15782828 ER PT J AU Lechner, BL Pascual, JF Roscelli, JD AF Lechner, BL Pascual, JF Roscelli, JD TI Failure of fenoldopam to control severe hypertension secondary to renal graft rejection in a pediatric patient SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DOPAMINE AGONIST; RECEPTORS; TRIAL AB We report the first case of the failure of fenoldopam for a pediatric patient with severe hypertension and renal failure. Our patient was a 3-year-old child with severe hypertension secondary to renal graft rejection and high-dose steroid treatment. The patient's hypertension was controlled with nitroprusside but not with fenoldopam. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Lechner, BL (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 170 IS 2 BP 130 EP 132 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JH UT WOS:000235830900008 PM 15782833 ER PT J AU Wojcik, BE Stein, CR Devore, RB Hassell, LH Holcomb, JB AF Wojcik, BE Stein, CR Devore, RB Hassell, LH Holcomb, JB TI Status of trauma care in US army hospitals SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Academy-of-Health-Services-Research-and-Health-Policy CY JUN 23-25, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Acad Hlth Serv Res & Hlth Policy ID INJURY SEVERITY SCORE; INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION; SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS; CENTER VOLUME; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; CENTERS; PREDICTION; SURGEON; ICISS AB Objective: This study documents the recent trends and current state of inpatient trauma care in U.S. Army hospitals. Methods: Inpatient trauma cases from Army hospitals worldwide from October 1988 through April 2001 were analyzed. Facilities included 3 Certified Trauma Centers (CTCs), 7 non-CTC Army Medical Centers, and 42 Army Community Hospitals. Logistic regression identified mortality risk factors. Results: Overall, the Army treated 166,124 trauma cases, with a mortality rate of 0.8% (trend of 0.66% to 1.18% in fiscal years 1989-2000, p < 0.0001). The number of Army hospitals decreased by 44% and the number of trauma cases decreased by nearly 75%. Injury severity, patient age, hospital trauma volume, beneficiary category, hospital type, and a resource intensity measure were all significantly associated with the probability of death. Conclusions: The overall trauma mortality rate at Army hospitals during the study period was lower than that reported for civilian trauma centers. However, changes in patient profiles, increased average severity, and decreased trauma volume might have contributed to a 13% increase in mortality rates at CTCs. C1 USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Ctr Army Med Dept Strateg Studies, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Wojcik, BE (reprint author), USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Ctr Army Med Dept Strateg Studies, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 170 IS 2 BP 141 EP 148 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JH UT WOS:000235830900011 PM 15782836 ER PT J AU Martin, J Neal, C Moores, I Ecklund, J AF Martin, J Neal, C Moores, I Ecklund, J TI Use of a nitrogen arm-stabilized endoscopic microdriver in neuroendoscopic surgery SO MINIMALLY INVASIVE NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE neuroendoscopy; microdriver; nitrogen-powered arm ID COLLOID CYSTS AB Stabilization and manipulation of instruments in endoscopic neurosurgery has traditionally been a manual task. Conventional self-retaining retractors have failed to provide reliable fixation for endoscopic procedures. Most surgeons rely on a team approach to endoscopy with one individual controlling the endoscope while the other manipulates instruments within the field of view. This two-surgeon approach is manpower intensive and not an option at many facilities. Recently developed technology provides the independent practitioner with another option. Several nitrogen-powered stabilizing arms have been introduced which decrease or eliminate problems with post-positioning drift. To facilitate fine maneuvering of the endoscope, a new positioning arm is available with an incorporated microdriver capable of sub-millimeter adjustments. We present an illustrative case of the utility of this device in selected endoscopic procedures. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Kailua, HI 96734 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Natl Capitol Consortium Neurosurg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Martin, J (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, 149A Haokea Dr, Kailua, HI 96734 USA. EM jonathan.martin@haw.tamc.amedd.army.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0946-7211 J9 MINIM INVAS NEUROSUR JI Minim. Invasive Neurosurg. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 1 BP 63 EP 65 DI 10.1005/s-2004-830181 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 908DA UT WOS:000227766300012 PM 15747220 ER PT J AU Hartman, LJ Coyne, SR Norwood, DA AF Hartman, LJ Coyne, SR Norwood, DA TI Development of a novel internal positive control for Taqman((R)) based assays SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE PCR inhibitors; exogenous internal positive control; Taqman((R)) PCR; false negative ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FALSE POSITIVES; PCR; AMPLIFICATION; INHIBITION; HEPARIN; PNEUMONIAE; VIRUS AB Development of rapid amplification assays for the detection and identification of biological threat agents has become a focus of diagnostic efforts in recent years. The use of real-time PCR assays as diagnostic tools depends upon two critical processes. First, nucleic acid purification must provide template that is both aniplifiable and free of PCR inhibitors. Second, the assays themselves must be sensitive and specific for their nucleic acid targets. A differentiation must be made between results achieved due to the lack of target nucleic acid (true negatives) and those produced due to the inability to amplify target DNA (false negatives) so confidence in negative reactions is possible. False negatives can occur when inhibitors are present in the sample being tested, especially if clinical samples such as blood are analyzed. To address the problem of detecting inhibition in purified nucleic acids. an exogenous internal positive control (IPC) based on Taqman(R) chemistry was developed. A previously optimized assay was clotted and the primer and probe sites were mutated to produce novel sequences with no known homology to published sequence data. The IPC was sensitive to a variety of inhibitors, including hemoglobin, heparin, EDTA, humic acids, and fulvic acid. It was also equally sensitive to inhibition when labeled with either 6FAM or ROX dyes. In addition, the IPC was successfully multiplexed with agent specific assays Without any loss in their sensitivity. The designed IPC assay has proven to be an effective tool for monitoring inhibitors of PCR and builds confidence in negative results obtained with agent specific assays. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Norwood, DA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 18 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD FEB PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.mcp.2004.07.006 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 894OU UT WOS:000226802300007 PM 15652220 ER PT J AU Ellsworth, RE Ellsworth, DL Neatrour, DM Deyarmin, B Lubert, SM Sarachine, MJ Brown, P Hooke, JA Shriver, CD AF Ellsworth, RE Ellsworth, DL Neatrour, DM Deyarmin, B Lubert, SM Sarachine, MJ Brown, P Hooke, JA Shriver, CD TI Allelic imbalance in primary breast carcinomas and metastatic tumors of the axillary lymph nodes SO MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY ARRAY ELECTROPHORESIS; ATYPICAL DUCTAL HYPERPLASIA; IN-SITU; CANCER; HETEROZYGOSITY; PROGRESSION; HETEROGENEITY; PRIMERS; REGIONS; GENE AB Axillary lymph node status is the most important prognostic factor in predicting disease outcome in women with breast cancer. A number of chromosomal aberrations in primary breast tumors have been correlated with lymph node status and clinical outcome, but chromosomal changes particular to metastatic lymph node tumors have not been well studied. DNA samples isolated from laser-microdissected primary breast and metastatic axillary lymph node tumors from 25 women with invasive breast cancer were amplified using 52 microsatellite markers defining 26 chromosomal regions commonly deleted in breast cancer. Levels and patterns of allelic imbalance (AI) within and between breast and lymph node tumors were assessed to identify chromosomal alterations unique to primary or metastatic tumors and to examine the timing of metastatic potential. The overall frequency of Al in primary breast tumors (0.24) was significantly greater (P < 0.001) than that in lymph node tumors (0.10), and congruent Al events were observed for < 20% of informative markers. Al at chromosomes 11q23.3 and 17p13.3 occurred significantly more frequently (P < 0.05) in primary breast tumors alone; no chromosomal regions showed a significantly higher Al frequency in lymph nodes. Higher rates of Al in primary versus metastatic lymph node tumors suggest that acquisition of metastatic potential may be an early event in carcinogenesis, occurring before significant levels of Al accumulate in the primary tumor. In addition, patterns of Al were highly discordant between tumor types, suggesting that additional genetic alterations accumulated independently in the two cell populations. C1 Windber Res Inst, Clin Breast Care Project, Windber, PA 15963 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Clin Breast Care Project, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Ellsworth, RE (reprint author), Windber Res Inst, Clin Breast Care Project, 600 Somerset Ave, Windber, PA 15963 USA. EM rellswo@conemaugh.org NR 31 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1541-7786 J9 MOL CANCER RES JI Mol. Cancer Res. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 3 IS 2 BP 71 EP 77 DI 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-04-0180 PG 7 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA 899LB UT WOS:000227144800002 PM 15755873 ER PT J AU Berry, JD Boese, DJ Law, DKS Zollinger, WD Tsang, RSW AF Berry, JD Boese, DJ Law, DKS Zollinger, WD Tsang, RSW TI Molecular analysis of monoclonal antibodies to group variant capsular polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis: recurrent heavy chains and alternative light chain partners SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE immunoglobulin variable region genes; group-specific immunity; carbohydrate antigen; capsular polysaccharide; recurrent response; Neisseria meningitidis ID CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS GLUCURONOXYLOMANNAN; PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; INFLUENZA-VIRUS HEMAGGLUTININ; B-CELL DIVERSITY; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; STRUCTURAL DETERMINATION; OXAZOLONE ANTIBODIES; SOMATIC MUTATION; POLYSIALIC ACID; MESSENGER-RNA AB We determined the molecular sequence of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to serogroups B and C capsular polysaccharides (PS) of Neisseria meningitidis. N. meningitidis infections are a leading cause of bacterial septicemia and meningitis in humans. Antibodies to PS are fundamental to host defense and diagnostics. The polysaccharide capsule of group B N. meningitidis is poorly immunogenic and thus is an important model for studying pathogen-host co-evolution through understanding the molecular basis of the host immune response. We used a modified reverse-transcriptase PCR to amplify and sequence the V-genes of murine hybridomas produced against types B and C capsular PS. Databank analysis of the sequences encoding the V-genes of type C capsular PS mAb, 4-2-C, reveal that heavy chain alleles are recurrently used to encode-this specificity in mice. Interestingly, a V-gene from the same germline family also encodes the V-domain of mAbs 2-2-B. which targets the antigenically distinct serogroup B capsular PS. Somatic mutation, junctional diversity and alternative light chains collectively impart the specificity for these serologically distinct epitopes. Knowledge of the specific immunoglobulin genes used to target common bacterial virulence factors may lead to insights on pathogen-host co-evolution. and the potential use of this information in pre-symptomatic diagnosis is discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Natl Ctr Foreign Anim Dis, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada. Univ Manitoba, Dept Med Microbiol, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Univ Manitoba, Dept Immunol, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Hlth Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Berry, JD (reprint author), Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Natl Ctr Foreign Anim Dis, 1015 Arlington St, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada. EM berryjd@inspection.gc.ca RI Zollinger, Wendell/B-2887-2011; Berry, Jody/C-3184-2013 NR 60 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 BP 335 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.molimm.2004.09.002 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 887EM UT WOS:000226288100008 PM 15589322 ER PT J AU Halsey, ES Rasnake, MS Hospenthal, DR AF Halsey, ES Rasnake, MS Hospenthal, DR TI Coccidioidomycosis of the male reproductive tract SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE coccidioidomycosis; epididymis; male; prostate; testis ID PROSTATE-GLAND; FLUCONAZOLE PENETRATION; DIAGNOSIS; FLUID AB Coccidioides immitis infection of the male reproductive tract is a rare entity that can evade diagnosis and pose a dilemma in management. Initially, patients are often evaluated for malignancy or other infections such as tuberculosis. In the past, surgery was the only management option for C. immitis infection of the male reproductive tract, but azole therapy now provides an adjunct or an alternative. We describe two patients who received azole therapy for C. immitis infection of the male reproductive tract. One received fluconazole for prostatic disease, while one received surgery followed by itraconazole for testicular disease. After 12 months of therapy, both remain asymptomatic and have decreased antibody titers against C. immitis. C1 Dept Infect Dis, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Halsey, ES (reprint author), Dept Infect Dis, 74 MDOS-SGOM,4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM eric.halsey@wpafb.af.mil NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD FEB PY 2005 VL 159 IS 2 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1007/s11046-004-6260-0 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 907GR UT WOS:000227704600003 PM 15770443 ER PT J AU Larsson, P Oyston, PCF Chain, P Chu, MC Duffield, M Fuxelius, HH Garcia, E Halltorp, G Johansson, D Isherwood, KE Karp, PD Larsson, E Liu, Y Michell, S Prior, J Prior, R Malfatti, S Sjostedt, A Svensson, K Thompson, N Vergez, L Wagg, JK Wren, BW Lindler, LE Andersson, SGE Forsman, M Titball, RW AF Larsson, P Oyston, PCF Chain, P Chu, MC Duffield, M Fuxelius, HH Garcia, E Halltorp, G Johansson, D Isherwood, KE Karp, PD Larsson, E Liu, Y Michell, S Prior, J Prior, R Malfatti, S Sjostedt, A Svensson, K Thompson, N Vergez, L Wagg, JK Wren, BW Lindler, LE Andersson, SGE Forsman, M Titball, RW TI The complete genome sequence of Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIUM; PASTEURELLA-TULARENSIS; INTRACELLULAR INFECTION; METABOLIC PATHWAYS; GROWTH INITIATION; VIRULENCE FACTORS; MACROPHAGES; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; ESCAPE AB Francisella tularensis is one of the most infectious human pathogens known. In the past, both the former Soviet Union and the US had programs to develop weapons containing the bacterium. We report the complete genome sequence of a highly virulent isolate of F. tularensis (1,892, 819 bp). The sequence uncovers previously uncharacterized genes encoding type IV pili, a surface polysaccharide and iron-acquisition systems. Several virulence-associated genes were located in a putative pathogenicity island, which was duplicated in the genome. More than 10% of the putative coding sequences contained insertion-deletion or substitution mutations and seemed to be deteriorating. The genome is rich in IS elements, including IS630 Tc-1 mariner family transposons, which are not expected in a prokaryote. We used a computational method for predicting metabolic pathways and found an unexpectedly high proportion of disrupted pathways, explaining the fastidious nutritional requirements of the bacterium. The loss of biosynthetic pathways indicates that F. tularensis is an obligate host-dependent bacterium in its natural life cycle. Our results have implications for our understanding of how highly virulent human pathogens evolve and will expedite strategies to combat them. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Def Sci & Technol Lab, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, Wilts, England. Swedish Def Res Agcy, SE-90182 Umea, Sweden. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ Uppsala, Dept Mol Evolut, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. SRI Int, Bioinformat Res Grp, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Umea Univ, Dept Clin Microbiol, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden. Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1E 7HT, England. RP Titball, RW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rtitball@dstl.gov.uk RI chain, patrick/B-9777-2013; Forsman, Mats/A-1426-2016; OI Forsman, Mats/0000-0002-4466-5325; Sjostedt, Anders/0000-0002-0768-8405; Karp, Peter/0000-0002-5876-6418 NR 50 TC 292 Z9 597 U1 2 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 37 IS 2 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1038/ng1499 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 893AB UT WOS:000226690100021 PM 15640799 ER PT J AU Donovan, D Prauner, RD AF Donovan, D Prauner, RD TI Shunt-related abdominal metastases in a child with choroid plexus carcinoma: Case report SO NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE choroid plexus neoplasm; metastasis; ventriculoperitoneal shunt C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Neurosurg Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Oncol Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Donovan, D (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Neurosurg Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-396X J9 NEUROSURGERY JI Neurosurgery PD FEB PY 2005 VL 56 IS 2 BP 412 EP 412 DI 10.1227/01.NEU.0000147982.80732.3D PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 895UO UT WOS:000226889400052 ER PT J AU Chizinski, CJ Pope, KL Willis, DB Wilde, GR Rossman, EJ AF Chizinski, CJ Pope, KL Willis, DB Wilde, GR Rossman, EJ TI Economic value of angling at a reservoir with low visitation SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RECREATION DEMAND MODELS; COUNT DATA MODELS; FISHERY; COST; TIME; BENEFITS; RIVER; TRUNCATION; MANAGEMENT; VALUATION AB A travel cost model was used to estimate the per-day consumer surplus for anglers at a reservoir (Lake Kemp, Texas) with low visitation. The average per-day consumer surplus for anglers was $61-122, depending on the wage rate fraction assigned to the opportunity cost of time. Although this consumer surplus value is small, anglers on the numerous smaller public and private water bodies may, in aggregate, generate a majority of the economic value for freshwater angling. Further, the marginal value per dollar spent managing small water bodies is probably large. Arguably, greater attention should be directed toward managing our nation's numerous smaller water bodies. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Wildlife & Fisheries Management Inst, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Wildlife & Fisheries Management Inst, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. US Army Corp Engineers, Tulsa, OK 74127 USA. RP Chizinski, CJ (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Wildlife & Fisheries Management Inst, Mail Stop 2125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM chris.chizinski@ttu.edu RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011; Chizinski, Christopher/G-6306-2011; OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687; Chizinski, Christopher/0000-0001-9294-2588 NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 98 EP 104 DI 10.1577/M03-102.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 911UN UT WOS:000228031200012 ER PT J AU Meyer, CB Sparkman, MD Klatte, BA AF Meyer, CB Sparkman, MD Klatte, BA TI Sand seals in coho salmon redds: Do they improve egg survival? SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SPAWNING GRAVEL; STREAM; FINE; BED; INFILTRATION; DEPOSITION; EMERGENCE; HABITAT; EMBRYOS AB We investigated whether sand seals form in the upper egg pocket of salmonid redds and improve egg survival in a sediment-impacted coastal stream in northern California. Sand seals can potentially reduce infiltration of detrimental finer sand and silt into the lower egg pocket. We predicted sand seals would form when the redds were exposed to streamflows high enough to entrain coarse sand and form seals. Using artificial redds of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, we conducted sediment analyses of the upper and lower egg pockets and found that protective sand seals formed in redds when discharge was two or more times the flow that entrains the median particle size of the streambed. When the coarse sand in the upper egg pocket was incorporated into a two-stage model that predicted survival to hatching and emergence, it greatly improved predictions in years with higher flows in both natural and artificial redds. However, the sand seals provided little protection when suspended sediment flux was high from logging or road construction. We built the model used for these predictions with data from artificial redds and applied it to natural redds during 6 years of different flow regimes. Predictor variables included cumulative flow above the entrainment flow, peak discharge, coarse sand in the upper egg pocket, fine sediment in riffle gravel, coarse sand in the upper and entire egg pocket, suspended sediment flux, and presence of predaceous worms. The model explained 67% of the variance in egg survival to emergence in coho salmon natural redds. We suggest that managers consider the complex interactions of streamflow, sediment transport, formation of sand seals, and fine-sediment infiltration when estimating salmonid reproductive success in sediment-impacted streams. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Army Corp Engineers, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Meyer, CB (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM meyerc@uwyo.edu NR 54 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 105 EP 121 DI 10.1577/M03-217.1 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 911UN UT WOS:000228031200013 ER PT J AU Johnson, GE Anglea, SM Adams, NS Wik, TO AF Johnson, GE Anglea, SM Adams, NS Wik, TO TI Evaluation of a prototype surface flow bypass for juvenile salmon and steelhead at the powerhouse of Lower Granite Dam, Snake River, Washington, 1996-2000 SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN SHAD; WELLS DAM; ONCORHYNCHUS; PASSAGE; SMOLTS AB A surface flow bypass takes advantage of the natural surface orientation of most juvenile salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and steelhead O. mykiss by providing a route in the upper water column that downstream migrant fishes can use to pass a hydroelectric dam safely. A prototype structure, called the surface bypass and collector (SBC), was retrofitted on the powerhouse of Lower Granite Dam and was evaluated annually with biotelemetry and hydroacoustic techniques during the 5-year life span of the structure (1996-2000) to determine the entrance configuration that maximized passage efficiency and minimized forebay residence time. The best tested entrance configuration had maximum inflow (99 m(3)/s) concentrated in a single surface entrance (5 m wide, 8.5 m deep). We identified five important considerations for future surface flow bypass development in the lower Snake River and elsewhere: (1) an extensive flow net should be formed in the forebay by use of relatively high surface flow bypass discharge (> 7% of total project discharge); (2) a gradual increase in water velocity with increasing proximity to the surface flow bypass (ideally, acceleration < 1 m/s per meter) should be created; (3) water velocities at an entrance should be high enough (> 3 m/s) to entrain the subject juvenile fishes; (4) the shape and orientation of the surface entrance(s) should be adapted to fit site-specific features; and (5) construction of a forebay wall to increase fish availability to the surface flow bypass should be considered. The efficiency of the SBC was not high enough (maximum of 62% relative to passage at turbine units 4-5) for the SBC to operate as a stand-alone bypass. Anywhere that surface-oriented anadromous fish must negotiate hydroelectric dams, surface flow bypass systems can provide cost-effective use of typically limited water supplies to increase the nonturbine passage, and presumably survival, of downstream migrants. C1 Battelles Pacific NW Div, Portland, OR 97204 USA. Battelles Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Columbia River Res Lab, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Cook, WA 98605 USA. US Army Corps Engineers, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. RP Johnson, GE (reprint author), Battelles Pacific NW Div, 620 SW 5th Ave,Suite 810, Portland, OR 97204 USA. EM gary.johnson@pnl.gov NR 44 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 138 EP 151 DI 10.1577/M04.024.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 911UN UT WOS:000228031200016 ER PT J AU Gallagher, SP Gallagher, CM AF Gallagher, SP Gallagher, CM TI Discrimination of Chinook salmon, Coho Salmon, and steelhead redds and evaluation of the use of redd data for estimating escapement in several unregulated streams in northern California SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID UNDER-THE-CURVE; SPAWNING ESCAPEMENTS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RESIDENCE TIME; BULL TROUT; COUNTS; AREA; POPULATIONS; HABITAT; IDAHO AB We developed and evaluated a stratified index redd area method to estimate Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, coho salmon O. kisutch, and steelhead O. mykiss escapement in several coastal streams in northern California based on the assumption that redd size is related to the number of redds a female builds. Sources of error in redd counts were identified, including the use of logistic regression to classify redd species (necessary due to temporal overlap in the spawning of these species in coastal northern California). Redd area escapement estimates were compared with estimates from more conventional methods and releases above a counting structure. Observer efficiency in redd detection ranged from 0.64 (SE = 0. 10) to 0.75 (SE = 0. 14) and was significantly associated with streamflow and water visibility (analysis of variance [ANOVA]: F = 41.8; P < 0.001). Logistic regression reduced uncertainty in redd identification. Redd area and date observed were significant in predicting coho salmon and steelhead redd species (Wald's z = 11.9 and 18.09, respectively; P < 0.001). Pot substrate and redd area were significant in classifying Chinook and coho salmon redds (Wald's z = 5.88 and 4.03; P = 0.015 and 0.04, respectively). Stratified index redd area escapement estimates and estimates based on capture-recapture experiments, area-under-the-curve estimates, and known releases above the counting structure (coho salmon only) were not significantly different (ANOVA: F < 13.6; P > 0.06). Escapement estimates assuming one redd per female were only significantly different from other methods for steelhead (ANOVA: F = 13.11; P = 0.006). Redd counts were significantly correlated with escapement estimates (r > 0.82; P < 0.04). Reduction of counting errors and uncertainty in redd identification, biweekly surveys throughout the spawning period, and the use of redd areas in a stratified index sampling design produced precise, reliable, and cost-effective escapement estimates for Chinook salmon, coho salmon, and steelhead. C1 Calif State Dept Fish & Game, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Math & Stat, Chico, CA 95929 USA. RP Gallagher, SP (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM sgallagh@dfg.ca.gov NR 41 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 284 EP 300 DI 10.1577/M04-016.1 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 911UN UT WOS:000228031200032 ER PT J AU Hammond, MD Madigan, WP Bower, KS AF Hammond, MD Madigan, WP Bower, KS TI Refractive surgery in the United States Army, 2000-2003 SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU KERATOMILEUSIS; PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY; MILITARY; SATISFACTION; DISLOCATION; INJURIES AB Purpose: To examine the history, current status, outcomes, and future direction of the Army Warfighter Refractive Eye Surgery Program (WRESP), which was established to reduce the limitations posed by corrective eyewear in combat arms soldiers. Design: Retrospective study. Participants: Sixteen thousand one hundred eleven Army service members who underwent refractive surgery between May 2000 and September 2003. Methods: Results were collected from monthly WRESP reports and from questionnaires administered to refractive surgery patients returning from deployments to southwest Asia. Soldiers rated the impact of refractive surgery on their ability to perform select operational tasks as well as their overall readiness. Main Outcome Measures: Visual acuity (VA) and patient satisfaction. Results: Between May 2000 and September 30, 2003, 32 068 eyes of 16 111 soldiers were treated. Postoperative uncorrected VA was better than or equal to 20/20 in 85.6%, 20/25 in 92.4%, and 20/40 in 98.2% of eyes with at least 3 months' follow-up, and 93.7% of 175 surveyed patients rated their overall readiness better or much better after surgery. Conclusions: This program has provided excellent outcomes and enhanced the overall readiness of over 16 000 Army service members. Reports of night vision difficulties, LASIK flap dislocation, and dry eye are infrequent, and do not seem to have a significant negative impact on military operations or individual readiness. (C) 2005 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Off Surg Gen, Washington, DC USA. RP Madigan, WP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, Dept Surg, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 23 TC 49 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD FEB PY 2005 VL 112 IS 2 BP 184 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.08.014 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 893RX UT WOS:000226738000003 PM 15691549 ER PT J AU Matchko, RM Gerhart, GR AF Matchko, RM Gerhart, GR TI Polarization azimuth angle in daylight scenes SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE digital imaging; image acquisition and recording; image processing; polarimetry; visual polarization; polarization azimuth angle; skylight; Rayleigh scattering AB Lord Rayleigh derived the degree of polarization for singular molecular scattering phenomena in the atmosphere as a function of the relative angular orientations of the source, scattering center, and observer. This paper extends the Rayleigh model by giving the azimuth angle for the linearly polarized scattered radiation detected by the observer. Together these two parameters give a complete Stokes vector characterization of Rayleigh scattering in the earth-horizon coordinate system. An experimental validation confirms the analytical results. The validation methodology uses a polarization axis finder attached to a commercial off-the-shelf digital camera. Each image supplies enough information to calculate the skylight polarization azimuth angle in real time. The equation for the skylight polarization azimuth angle is used to create a pictorial representation of the polarized sky by using colors to represent azimuth angles. A color scheme is used to display the degree of polarization and the polarization azimuth angle of a vehicle at several different times in daylight. An analysis of the reflected polarized light from the vehicle is included. (c) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Battelle Sci Serv Program, Payson, AZ 85541 USA. USA, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Matchko, RM (reprint author), Battelle Sci Serv Program, 1307 W Remuda Way, Payson, AZ 85541 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 44 IS 2 AR 028001 DI 10.1117/1.1847656 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 908WO UT WOS:000227821100043 ER PT J AU Matchko, RM Gerhart, GR AF Matchko, RM Gerhart, GR TI Polarization measurements using a commercial off-the-shelf digital camera SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE polarization; polarimetry; visual polarization; digital imaging; image acquisition and recording; image processing AB This paper presents a methodology to obtain polarization profiles using a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) digital camera. It contains calibration techniques to ensure robust and accurate determination of the Stokes parameters and the system polarization state. It calculates the Stokes parameters for each scene pixel along with the degree of polarization, azimuth, and ellipticity angles for each of the RGB channels. A detailed calculation shows that the quasi monochromatic approximation for the wavelength dependence of the quarterwave plate can be extended to include the broadband RGB channels. A simple and inexpensive camera calibration converts RGB values to optical density and then to relative intensity values. An analysis is presented for the wavelength-dependent response of the tuned zero-order quartz quarterwave retarder, the broadband RGB channels, and the fourth Stokes parameter. The noise characteristics of the digital camera are analyzed along with a detailed calibration of the imagery for target characterization applications. An extensive validation process, using white light, compares calculated theoretical results with the empirical results from the COTS camera. A RGB pseudocoloring scheme, related to the Poincare sphere, is introduced for the visualization of polarization parameters of daylight scenes. (c) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Battelle Sci Serv Program, Payson, AZ 85541 USA. US Army Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Matchko, RM (reprint author), Battelle Sci Serv Program, 1307 W Remuda Way, Payson, AZ 85541 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 44 IS 2 AR 023604 DI 10.1117/1.1847655 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 908WO UT WOS:000227821100013 ER PT J AU Yamane, K Yamanaka, T Yamamoto, N Furukawa, T Fukushima, H Walker, CB Leung, KP AF Yamane, K Yamanaka, T Yamamoto, N Furukawa, T Fukushima, H Walker, CB Leung, KP TI A novel exopolysaccharide from a clinical isolate of Prevotella nigrescens: purification, chemical characterization and possible role in modifying human leukocyte phagocytosis SO ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biofilm; exopolysaccharide; Prevotella nigrescens ID CAPNOCYTOPHAGA-OCHRACEA; BACTEROIDES-INTERMEDIUS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION; BURKHOLDERIA-CEPACIA; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; COLANIC ACID; MICROORGANISMS; GINGIVITIS AB Prevotella nigrescens, a gram-negative black-pigmented anaerobic rod, has frequently been isolated from periodontitis and periapical periodontitis lesions. We have isolated an exopolysaccharide-producing P. nigrescens, strain 22, from a chronic periodontitis lesion. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition and function of the exopolysaccharide associated with this clinical isolate. The chemical composition and structure of the purified exopolysaccharide from strain 22 were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and methylation analysis. To define the biological function of this exopolysaccharide, a chemically induced exopolysaccharide nonproducing mutant, strain 328, which was derived from strain 22, was established. The biological effects of exopolysaccharide were determined by comparing the ability of strain 22, strain 328 or heat-killed strain 22 to form abscesses in mice and to interfere with the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Chemical analysis showed that isolated exopolysaccharide consisted of mannose (521.6 mug/mg), glucose (25.6 mug/mg), fructose (65.8 mug/mg), galactose (12.5 mug/mg), arabinose (6.2 mug/mg), xylose (3.2 mug/mg), rhamnose (6.1 mug/mg), and ribose (0.6 mug/mg). Methylation analysis of exopolysaccharide indicated that the linkages of mannose were primarily (1-->2, 1-->6) (1-->2) (1-->6), and (1-->3). Strain 22 and, to a lesser extent, its heat-killed counterpart induced greater abscess formation in mice than strain 328, even though the enzymatic profile of strain 22 was similar to that of strain 328. The ability of strain 328 to induce abscess formation was restored by adding the purified exopolysaccharide isolated from strain 22 to the cell suspension of strain 328. Exopolysaccharide alone failed to induce abscess formation in mice. Further, strain 328 but not the untreated or heat-killed strain 22, was phagocytosed by polymorphonuclear leukocytes both in the presence and in the absence of opsonic factors. The results suggest that these polysaccharides isolated from strain 22, which primarily consisted of mannose, may play a key role in the development of the chronic inflammatory lesion from which this strain was isolated. C1 Osaka Dent Univ, Dept Bacteriol, Hirakata, Osaka 5731121, Japan. Univ Florida, Coll Dent, Periodontal Dis Res Clin, Gainesville, FL USA. USA, Microbiol Branch, Dent Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Fukushima, H (reprint author), Osaka Dent Univ, Dept Bacteriol, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazono Cho, Hirakata, Osaka 5731121, Japan. EM hisanori@cc.osaka-dent.ac.jp NR 39 TC 14 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0902-0055 J9 ORAL MICROBIOL IMMUN JI Oral Microbiol. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1111/j.1399-302X.2004.00178.x PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Immunology; Microbiology SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Immunology; Microbiology GA 882OT UT WOS:000225948900001 PM 15612938 ER PT J AU Lin, DT Cohen, SM Coppit, GL Burkey, BB AF Lin, DT Cohen, SM Coppit, GL Burkey, BB TI Squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx and hypopharynx SO OTOLARYNGOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PYRIFORM SINUS CANCER; RADIATION-THERAPY; NECK-CANCER; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; ADVANCED HEAD; ORAL CAVITY; SURGICAL-MANAGEMENT; LARYNX PRESERVATION; PHARYNGEAL WALLS; PIRIFORM SINUS AB Oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas require an interdisciplinary approach to manage patients appropriately. Tumor stage and histology, functional outcome, and patient comorbidities are important factors to consider. Various surgical approaches as well as chemotherapy and radiation therapy alone or in combination remain the mainstay of therapy. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otolaryngol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Cohen, SM (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, 1301 22nd Ave S, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. EM seth.cohen@vanderbilt.edu NR 67 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0030-6665 J9 OTOLARYNG CLIN N AM JI Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 38 IS 1 BP 59 EP + DI 10.1016/j.otc.2004.09.005 PG 17 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 893RI UT WOS:000226736500007 PM 15649499 ER PT J AU Henry, LR Danaher, PJ Boseley, ME AF Henry, LR Danaher, PJ Boseley, ME TI Laryngeal sporotrichosis mimicking merkel cell carcinoma recurrence SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 107th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery CY SEP 21-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, David Grant Med Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Henry, LR (reprint author), 110 Navato Blvd, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. EM lakeisha@sbcglobal.net NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 132 IS 2 BP 336 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2004.05.002 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 894JU UT WOS:000226788200031 PM 15692552 ER PT J AU Daniels, SR Moores, LE DiFazio, MP AF Daniels, SR Moores, LE DiFazio, MP TI Visual disturbance associated with postoperative cerebellar mutism SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSTERIOR-FOSSA SURGERY; CHILDREN AB Cerebellar mutism is an uncommon complication of posterior fossa surgery. Manifestations include disturbances of articulation, prosody, and pitch, and, if severe, complete mutism. Symptoms are independent of recognizable cortical or brainstem injury, and recovery is variable, with permanent deficits frequently observed. Cerebellar dysfunction is commonly invoked as an etiology, although controversy remains concerning the mechanism. Visual impairment has been reported only once before in the setting of this disorder. We report a confirmatory case of sudden, severe visual loss in association with cerebellar mutism after resection of a midline medulloblastoma in a 7-year-old. (C) 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Daniels, SR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0887-8994 J9 PEDIATR NEUROL JI Pediatr. Neurol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 32 IS 2 BP 127 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2004.07.014 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 896QP UT WOS:000226948900012 PM 15664775 ER PT J AU Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Longo, FR Mackay, RA Durst, HD AF Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Longo, FR Mackay, RA Durst, HD TI Unusual reaction of epoxynorbornane with trifluoromethylsulfenyl chloride SO PHOSPHORUS SULFUR AND SILICON AND THE RELATED ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE auto-catalysis; epoxide ring opening; free radical reactions; solvent-derived products ID TRIMETHYLSILYL CYANIDE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NORBORNENE; EPOXIDES; REARRANGEMENTS; MECHANISM; ADDITIONS; ALCOHOLS; OXIDE; TRIFLUOROMETHYLTHIOCOPPER AB The treatment of 1, 2-exo-epoxynorbornane (1) with (trifluororomethyl)sulfenyl chloride (2) in dry pentane at -80degreesC furnishes 16 compounds. Of which, 7 are derived from the reaction of the solvent with 2, 7 others are formed front the substrate (1) and the remaining two arise from the reagent (2) itself The probable mechanism of their formation and their mass spectral characterization are presented in this paper. C1 Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Munavalli, S (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, POB 68, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM sxmunava@apgeo.army.mil NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-6507 J9 PHOSPHORUS SULFUR JI Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 180 IS 2 BP 309 EP 320 DI 10.1080/104265090507740 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 901UB UT WOS:000227306300001 ER PT J AU Zheltikova, DA Scalora, M Zheltikov, AM Bloemer, MJ Shneider, MN D'Aguanno, G Miles, RB AF Zheltikova, DA Scalora, M Zheltikov, AM Bloemer, MJ Shneider, MN D'Aguanno, G Miles, RB TI Switching intense laser pulses guided by Kerr-effect-modified modes of a hollow-core photonic-crystal fiber SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PICOSECOND PULSES; WAVE-GUIDE; PHASE MODULATION; RAMAN-SCATTERING; OPTICAL DIODE; BRAGG FIBERS; GENERATION; SOLITONS; AIR; COMPRESSION AB A Kerr-nonlinearity-induced profile of the refractive index in the hollow core of a photonic-crystal fiber (PCF) changes the spectrum of propagation constants of air-guided modes, effectively shifting the passbands in fiber transmission, controlled by the photonic band gaps (PBGs) of the cladding. This effect is shown to allow the creation of fiber switches for high-intensity laser pulses. The Kerr-nonlinearity control of air-guided modes in PCFs and the performance of a PCF switch are quantified by solving the propagation equation for the slowly varying envelope of a laser pulse guided in Kerr-effect-modified PCF modes. The spatial dynamics of the light field in a PBG waveguide switch is analyzed with the use of the slowly varying envelope approximation, demonstrating high contrasts of optical switching with PBG waveguides and hollow PCFs. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Phys, Moscow 119992, Russia. USA, Weap Sci Directorate, Aviat & Missile Command, Huntsville, AL 35898 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Ctr Int Laser, Moscow 119992, Russia. Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Time Domain Corp, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. RP Zheltikova, DA (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Phys, Moscow 119992, Russia. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2005 VL 71 IS 2 AR 026609 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.026609 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 914RV UT WOS:000228246200081 ER PT J AU Woolard, D Zhang, WD Gelmont, B AF Woolard, D Zhang, WD Gelmont, B TI A novel interband-resonant tunneling diode (I-RTD) based high-frequency oscillator SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Reseaech Symposium (ISDRS 03) CY DEC 10-12, 2003 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Elect Device Soc, Univ Maryland, Natl Sci Fdn, Army Res Off, Army Res Lab DE resonant tunneling diodes; type-II heterostructures; interband tunneling; intrinsic instability; terahertz oscillator AB A comprehensive study of the transport dynamics associated with electron- and hole-charge residing within a type-II AlGaSb/InAs/InGaSb double-barrier heterostructure is presented. These studies demonstrate an intrinsic instability within this type of resonant tunneling diode (RTD) that is initiated by an interband tunneling process. This novel interband-RTE) (I-RTD), based upon staggered-bandgap heterostructures, is shown to offer a completely new avenue for the realization of very high-frequency sources. Specifically. this I-RTD device is shown to admit hole generation and discharging processes leading to repetitive cycles in electron current that constitute steady-state oscillatory behavior. Initial studies of non-optimized structures predict impressive figures of merit for oscillation frequencies (e.g., similar to300GHz) and output powers (e.g., >2mW) and suggest that the I-RTD is a promising new device for implementation as a terahertz (THz) frequency oscillator. Furthermore, these studies suggest that strategic engineering of the interband tunneling and charge accumulation processes may allow for significant latitude in controlling the performance of this oscillator concept at very high-frequencies. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USA, Res Lab, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Woolard, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Res Off, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dwight.woolard@us.army.mil NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 49 IS 2 BP 257 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2004.09.001 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 878QU UT WOS:000225662400017 ER PT J AU Steinwolf, A Connon, WH AF Steinwolf, A Connon, WH TI Limitations of the Fourier transform for describing test course profiles SO SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB Following previous efforts at the Aberdeen Test Center, further work has been undertaken on analysis and simulation of test course terrain that military vehicles are required to negotiate during developmental and operational testing. The surface roughness vertical displacement as a function of distance travelled is treated similarly to acceleration time histories. However, instead of the familiar power spectral density, a Wave Number Spectrum (WNS) is computed in the spatial domain. Until now, any inverse Fourier transform conversion of WNS into the terrain data has been carried out within the limits of the Gaussian random model whereas actual surface roughness is often a non-Gaussian process. It is shown in this article that when a synthetic spatial history with a given course WNS is generated by Gaussian procedures, the simulation obtained can lose severity compared to real terrain data. A number of test courses have been analysed and additional characteristics such as probability density function, kurtosis, skewness and crest factor have been considered. Various non-Gaussian features in many course profiles were discovered. To simulate terrain data with the correct skewness and kurtosis, the Hermite polynomial method of nonlinear transformation was used and the non-Gaussian probability density of synthetic terrain data has been achieved both in the central section and at the tails. C1 Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand. USA, Aberdeen Test Ctr, Aberdeen, MD USA. RP Steinwolf, A (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL PUBL INC PI BAY VILLAGE PA 27101 E OVIATT RD, PO BOX 40416, BAY VILLAGE, OH 44140 USA SN 1541-0161 J9 SOUND VIB JI Sound Vib. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 39 IS 2 BP 12 EP + PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 907AR UT WOS:000227687400004 ER PT J AU Baca, J Picone, J AF Baca, J Picone, J TI Effects of displayless navigational interfaces on user prosodics SO SPEECH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article DE prosodics; displayless; multimodal ID MAPS AB Displayless interface technology provides speech-based access to computer applications for which visual access is not possible. These applications are increasingly prevalent, especially in situations requiring mobility, such as navigational applications. To ensure the successful deployment of this technology however, many human factors issues must be addressed. In particular, its nonvisual nature requires verbal presentation of spatial data. Prosodics, or nonverbal aspects, of human speech have been established as an indicator of cognitive stress. In this paper, we examine the assumption that the cognitive burden placed on the user by displayless access to spatial data would significantly alter the prosodics of the user's speech. Results were gathered through experiments in which user interactions with a prototype speech-based navigational system were recorded, post-processed, and analyzed for prosodic content. Subjects participated in two sessions, one using a speech-based, displayless interface, and a second using a multimodal interface that included a visual-tactile map display. Results showed strong evidence of significant changes in subjects' prosodic features when using a displayless versus a multimodal navigational interface for all categories of subjects. Insights gained from this work can be used to improve the design of the user interface for such applications. Also, results of this work can be used to refine the selection of acoustic cues used as predictors in prosodic pattern detection algorithms for these types of applications. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Inst Signal & Informat Proc, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Baca, J (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, 200 Res Blvd, Starville, MS 39759 USA. EM baca@cse.msstate.edu; picone@isip.msstate.edu NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6393 EI 1872-7182 J9 SPEECH COMMUN JI Speech Commun. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 45 IS 2 BP 187 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.specom.2004.09.006 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Acoustics; Computer Science GA 903WZ UT WOS:000227457600006 ER PT J AU Ruiz, R Richardson, MT AF Ruiz, R Richardson, MT TI Functional balance training using a domed device SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE balance; functional training; core; proprioception ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; CORE STABILITY; WOMEN; FALLS; STRENGTH AB Balance is an important aspect of athletic and occupational performance, in the elderly, and for injury rehabilitation, where use of a novel domed device can be incorporated to any well rounded program. The use of dynamic, non-dynamic, and core stabilization exercise enhance balance. This article offers exercises to improve balance that are applicable for any exercise professional. C1 USA, War Coll, Army Phys Fitness Res Inst, Carlisle, PA USA. RP Ruiz, R (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Army Phys Fitness Res Inst, Carlisle, PA USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 27 IS 1 BP 50 EP 55 DI 10.1519/00126548-200502000-00010 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 896NZ UT WOS:000226942100008 ER PT J AU Lam, DM Mackenzie, C AF Lam, DM Mackenzie, C TI Human and organizational factors affecting telemedicine utilization within US military forces in Europe SO TELEMEDICINE JOURNAL AND E-HEALTH LA English DT Article AB During the past 10 years, the United States Army installed telemedicine capabilities in more than 30 Army medical treatment facilities within the European Theater, including the former Yugoslavia. In spite of favorable reviews of utilization from the early days of the installations, there has been only limited use for patient care. We conducted a field study of the program implementation within a group of military clinics and hospitals using site visits and interviews. Problems leading to underutilization were identified primarily as organizational factors rather than classic " human factors" or " man - machine interface" problems. The majority of those interviewed felt that: they had not been given adequate information on the role of telemedicine systems in provision of health care; operational and support policies had not been developed adequately; cost - benefit of use was not clearly demonstrated; and that many organizational impediments existed. Additionally, the lack of strong clinician proponents was repeatedly cited. Although limited in scope, this study provides insight into the attitudes of clinicians given the opportunity to use various telemedicine modalities, and identifies organizational problems that could be rectified by a defined mission involving the use of telemedicine and a structure encouraging its acceptance in routine clinical practice. As a result of this study, recommendations were made for changes in implementation practices, which may have civil as well as military implications. C1 USA, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Charles McC Mathias Natl Study Ctr Trauma & Emerg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lam, DM (reprint author), PSC 79,Box 145, APO, AE 09714 USA. EM LAM@TATRC.ORG NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-5627 J9 TELEMED J E-HEALTH JI Telemed. J. e-Health PD FEB PY 2005 VL 11 IS 1 BP 70 EP 78 DI 10.1089/tmj.2005.11.70 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 912RK UT WOS:000228096900024 PM 15785223 ER PT J AU Gravatt, DA Mauney, M AF Gravatt, DA Mauney, M TI Eight-year effects of plastic tree shelters on planted bottomland hardwood species in northeast Arkansas SO TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SURVIVAL; GROWTH AB This study was implemented in northeastern Arkansas to compare the performance of planted bottomland tree species with and without tree shelters. Thirty-centimeter translucent polyethylene tree shelters were installed around approximately one-half of the seedlings. Survival and growth of Nuttall oak (Quercus nuttallii Palmer), willow oak (Q. phellos L.), bitter pecan (Carya x lecontei) and baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) L.C. Rich) were evaluated during the eight years following planting. Hardwood species were planted on reclaimed agricultural land along recently disturbed borrow pits. Survival of Nuttall oak, willow oak and bitter pecan seedlings with tree shelters were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than seedlings planted without shelters for the eight years of the study. Overall, tree shelters increased survival from 43 to 73%. No significant differences were found for mean tree height, stem diameter or diameter at breast height (dbh) during the eight years of the study. The higher percentage of resprouted seedlings protected by tree shelters, 74 to 76%, indicates that the tree shelters may help protect the young emerging shoots from desiccation and herbivory. Data in this study suggest that the seedlings protected by the shorter tree shelters are comparable to results found in previous studies using taller tree shelters. C1 Stephen F Austin State Univ, Dept Biol, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Gravatt, DA (reprint author), Stephen F Austin State Univ, Dept Biol, SFA Box 13003, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. EM dgravatt@sfasu.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TEXAS ACAD SCI PI KERRVILLE PA CMB 6252, SCHREINER UNIV, KERRVILLE, TX 78028-5697 USA SN 0040-4403 J9 TEX J SCI JI Tex. J. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 57 IS 1 BP 87 EP 98 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 934MZ UT WOS:000229714200007 ER PT J AU Pusateri, AE Ryan, KL Delgado, AV Martinez, RS Uscilovvicz, JM Cortez, DS Martinowitz, U AF Pusateri, AE Ryan, KL Delgado, AV Martinez, RS Uscilovvicz, JM Cortez, DS Martinowitz, U TI Effects of increasing doses of activated recombinant factor VII on haemostatic parameters in swine SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article DE pharmacological haemostasis; liver injury; trauma; thromboelastography ID V LIVER-INJURIES; TISSUE FACTOR; BLOOD-LOSS; HEMORRHAGE CONTROL; RFVIIA; TIME; ACENOCOUMAROL; PRESSURE; PIGS; APTT AB This study examined dose-response relationships between activated recombinant factor VII (rFVIIa) and (1) in vivo haemostasis and (2) in vitro measures of coagulation and platelet function. Anesthetized swine were used. Ear bleeding time (BT) was measured and blood was sampled following increasing doses of rFVIIa (0, 90, 180,360 and 720 mug/kg; n = 6) or saline (n = 6). BT was not altered by rFVIIa. Prothrombin time (PT) using standard or pig-specific methods was decreased by rVIIa. Activated clotting time (ACT) was decreased by rFVIIa. Thromboelastography using collagen (COLL) or pig thromboplastin (p-ThP) as agonist demonstrated shorter reaction times, shortened time to reach maximum velocity of clot formation, and increased alpha-angle in the presence of rFVIIa. rFVIIa dosing increased maximum velocity of clot formation when p-ThP was used to initiate the reaction but not when COLL was used. rFVIIa at the highest concentration increased maximum amplitude when COLL was used to initiate the reaction. Platelet aggregation was not altered by rFVIIa. Following completion of the dose escalation phase, a severe liver injury was produced. rFVIIa altered neither blood loss nor survival time following injury but improved mean arterial pressure. A small increase in systemic thrombin-antithrombin III complex occurred after administration of rFVIIa at doses of 180 mug/kg and above. However, there was no histological evidence of intravascular coagulation after rFVIIa administration. In summary, rFVIIa activity was detectable in vitro but did not change haemostasis in normal swine. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Israel Natl Haemophilia Ctr, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. RP Pusateri, AE (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM anthony.pusateri@amedd.army.mil NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCHATTAUER GMBH-VERLAG MEDIZIN NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN PI STUTTGART PA HOLDERLINSTRASSE 3, D-70174 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 93 IS 2 BP 275 EP 283 DI 10.1160/TH04-03-0200 PG 9 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 897AC UT WOS:000226975300015 PM 15711743 ER PT J AU Nowak, J Friend, AL AF Nowak, J Friend, AL TI Aluminum fractions in root tips of slash pine and loblolly pine families differing in Al resistance SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aluminum tolerance; aluminum toxicity; cellular Al; genetic variation; Pinus elliottii; Pinus taeda ID ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; ORGANIC-ACIDS; SENSITIVE CULTIVARS; TREE SEEDLINGS; EXCISED ROOTS; RED SPRUCE; TOLERANCE; CELLS; EXUDATION AB Aluminum (Al) distribution among several cellular fractions was investigated in root tips of seedlings of one Al-resistant and one Al-sensitive family of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) grown in nutrient solution containing 100 muM AlCl3 (pH 4) for 167 h. Aluminum present in 5-mm-long root tips was fractionated into cell-wall-labile (desorbed in 0.5 mM citric acid), cell-wall-bound (retained after filtering disrupted cells through 20-mum mesh) and symplasmic (filtrate following cell disruption) fractions. When averaged across both species, 12% of Al absorbed by root tips appeared in the symplasmic fraction and 88% in the apoplasmic fraction (55% as cell-wall-labile, and 33% as cell-wall-bound). On a fresh mass basis, total Al in root tips was lower in loblolly pine than in slash pine, lower in the Al-resistant slash pine family than in the Al-sensitive slash pine family, and lower in the Al-resistant families than in the Al-sensitive families across species. Although the data support the hypothesis that Al-resistant plants limit Al uptake to root apices, they do not exclude other mechanisms of Al resistance. Differential Al resistance between the species and between slash pine families may also be associated with the size of the total non-labile and cell-wall-labile Al fractions, respectively. We were unable to identify the basis for differential Al resistance in loblolly pine. C1 Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, IFAS, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. Forest Serv, USA, N Cent Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Nowak, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, 155 Res Rd, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. EM jnowak@ufl.edu NR 44 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 245 EP 250 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 896VD UT WOS:000226961100012 PM 15574406 ER PT J AU Ballato, J Ballato, A AF Ballato, J Ballato, A TI Materials for freezing light SO WAVES IN RANDOM AND COMPLEX MEDIA LA English DT Article AB Recent theoretical investigations have predicted the existence of axially frozen modes that arise when light is incident upon an anisotropic one-dimensional photonic crystal. Such electromagnetic modes are of interest since they suggest a near-zero group velocity with extraordinary amplitudes. This paper addresses the crystal physics associated with realizing such effects and provides specific examples based on antimony sulfoiodide (SbSI) and barium titanate (BaTiO3) superlattices. Such novel photonic crystal structures could have a profound effect on non-linear optics and optical computing. C1 Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, COMSET, Anderson, SC 29725 USA. USA, Commun Elect Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, COMSET, Anderson, SC 29725 USA. EM john.ballato@ces.clemson.edu NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1745-5030 EI 1745-5049 J9 WAVE RANDOM COMPLEX JI Waves Random Complex Media PD FEB PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 113 EP 118 DI 10.1080/17455030500052767 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 961QW UT WOS:000231677900008 ER PT J AU Peng, HY Lee, CW Everitt, HO Lee, DS Steckl, AJ Zavada, JM AF Peng, HY Lee, CW Everitt, HO Lee, DS Steckl, AJ Zavada, JM TI Effect of optical excitation energy on the red luminescence of Eu3+ in GaN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ACCEPTOR-PAIR RECOMBINATION; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TB-DOPED GAN; LIGHT EMISSION; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; GROWTH; MOVPE; MBE AB Photoluminescence (PL) excitation spectroscopy mapped the photoexcitation wavelength dependence of the red luminescence (D-5(0) --> F-7(2)) from GaN:Eu. Time-resolved PL measurements revealed that for excitation at the GaN bound exciton energy, the decay transients are almost temperature insensitive between 86 K and 300 K, indicating an efficient energy transfer process. However, for excitation energies above or below the GaN bound exciton energy, the decaying luminescence indicates excitation wavelength- and temperature-dependent energy transfer influenced by intrinsic and Eu3+-related defects. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Peng, HY (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM everitt@phy.duke.edu RI Everitt, Henry/L-7118-2013; Lee, Chang-Won/C-2709-2009; OI Everitt, Henry/0000-0002-8141-3768; Lee, Chang-Won/0000-0003-0546-0439; Steckl, Andrew/0000-0002-1868-4442 NR 20 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 31 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 5 AR 051110 DI 10.1063/1.1861132 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 899LA UT WOS:000227144700010 ER PT J AU Long, JB Yourick, DL Slusher, BS Robinson, MB Meyerhoff, JL AF Long, JB Yourick, DL Slusher, BS Robinson, MB Meyerhoff, JL TI Inhibition of glutamate carboxypeptidase II (NAALADase) protects against dynorphin A-induced ischemic spinal cord injury in rats SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NMDA; (N-methyl-D-asparune); NAAG; (N-acetylasparlylglutamate); neuroprotection; GCP II; (glutamate carboxypeptidase II); NAALADase; (N-acetylated-ot-linked acidic dipeptidase); dynorphin A ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; ACETYL-ASPARTYL-GLUTAMATE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; N-ACETYLASPARTYLGLUTAMATE; BLOOD-FLOW; NEUROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY; NMDA RECEPTORS; IN-VITRO; CELLS; ACID AB Glutamate carboxypeptidase (GCP) II (EC 3.4.17.21), which is also known as N-acetylated-alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase), hydrolyses the endogenous acidic dipeptide N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), yielding N-acetyl-aspartate and glutamate. Inhibition of this enzyme by 2-(phosphonomethyl) pentanedioic acid (2-PMPA) has been shown to protect against ischemic injury to the brain and hypoxic and metabolic injury to neuronal cells in culture, presumably by increasing and decreasing the extracellular concentrations of NAAG and glutamate, respectively. Since both NAAG and GCP II are found in especially high concentrations in the spinal cord, injuries to the spinal cord involving pathophysiological elevations in extracellular glutamate might be particularly responsive to GCP II inhibition. Lumbar subarachnoid injections of dynorphin A in rats cause ischernic spinal cord injury, elevated extracellular glutamate and a persistent hindlimb paralysis that is mediated through excitatory amino acid receptors. We therefore used this injury model to evaluate the protective effects of 2PMPA. When coadministered with dynorphin A, 2-PMPA significantly attenuated the dynorphin A-induced elevations in cerebrospinal fluid glutamate levels and by 24 h postinjection caused significant dose-dependent improvements in motor scores that were associated with marked histopathological improvements. These results indicate that 2-PMPA provides effective protection against excitotoxic spinal cord injury. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Polytrauma & Resucitat Res, Div Mil Casualty Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Guildford Pharmaceut Inc, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Univ Penn, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Long, JB (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Polytrauma & Resucitat Res, Div Mil Casualty Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM joseph.long@na.amedd.army.mil RI Yourick, Debra/A-2121-2011 NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2999 J9 EUR J PHARMACOL JI Eur. J. Pharmacol. PD JAN 31 PY 2005 VL 508 IS 1-3 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.12.008 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 895WF UT WOS:000226894000014 PM 15680261 ER PT J AU Jensen, JO AF Jensen, JO TI Vibrational frequencies and structural determination of dimethylketene SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE vibrations; normal mode frequencies; infrared spectra; Raman spectra; dimethylketene; isobuten-1-one; 2-methyl-1-propen-1-one ID ALPHA-DIAZO KETONES; STRETCHING FREQUENCY; ASYMMETRIC-SYNTHESIS; MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; KETENE COMPLEXES; DERIVATIVES; REARRANGEMENT AB The vibrational frequencies and corresponding normal mode assignments of dimethylketene are examined theoretically using the Gaussian98 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of nine types of motion predicted by a group theoretical analysis (C-H stretch, C-C stretch, C=C=O symmetric stretch, C=C=O asymmetric stretch, C=C=O bend, C-C-C bend, H-C-H bend, CH3 twist, and CH3 wag) utilizing the C-2v symmetry of the molecule. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSRD, ECB,RT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Jensen, JO (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSRD, ECB,RT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM jim.jensen@us.army.mil NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD JAN 31 PY 2005 VL 714 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.theochem.2004.08.058 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 894AS UT WOS:000226762800003 ER PT J AU Jensen, JO AF Jensen, JO TI Vibrational frequencies and structural determination of methoxygermane SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE vibrations; normal mode frequencies; infrared spectra; Raman spectra; methoxygermane ID GERMYL CHEMISTRY; ETHER; DIGERMYL AB The vibrational frequencies and corresponding normal mode assignments of methoxygermane (CH3OGeH3) are examined theoretically using the GAUSSIAN 98 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of 11 types of motion predicted by a group theoretical analysis (C-H stretch, Ge-H stretch, C-O stretch, Ge-O stretch, H-C-H bend, H-Ge-H bend, Ge-O-C bend, CH3 rock, CH3 twist, GeH3 rock, and GeH3 twist). Theoretical infrared and Raman intensities are reported. The molecular orbitals and bonding of methoxygermane are examined. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSRD, ECB,RT, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Jensen, JO (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSRD, ECB,RT, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM jim.jensen@us.army.mil NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD JAN 31 PY 2005 VL 714 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.theochem.2004.08.063 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 894AS UT WOS:000226762800004 ER PT J AU Lieberman, HR Georgelis, JH Maher, TJ Yeghiayan, SK AF Lieberman, HR Georgelis, JH Maher, TJ Yeghiayan, SK TI Tyrosine prevents effects of hyperthermia on behavior and increases norepinephrine SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE amino acid; stress; memory; Porsolt swim test; microdialysis; heat; Morris water maze; precursor; working memory; reference memory ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; PERFORMANCE DECREMENT; COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; STRESS; DEFICITS; RAT; PRECURSOR; DOPAMINE; CAFFEINE; EXPOSURE AB Tyrosine (TYR) is the precursor of the catecholamine (CA) neurotransmitters, dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE). Catecholamines, especially NE, participate in the response of the brain to acute stress. When animals are acutely stressed, NE neurons become more active and tyrosine availability may be rate-limiting. Tyrosine administration, before exposure to physical and/or environmental stressors including cold, reduces the adverse behavioral, physiological and neurochemical consequences of the exposure. In this study, the effects of tyrosine (400 mg/ kg) were examined on rats exposed to heat stress, for which its effects have not been examined. Coping behavior and memory were assessed using the Porsolt swim test and the Morris water maze. Release of hippocampal NE and DA was assessed with in vivo microdialysis. In vehicle-treated animals, heat impaired coping and memory, and increased release of NE, but not DA. In heated animals receiving tyrosine, coping was not impaired and NE release was sustained, thus demonstrating tyrosine protects against the adverse effects of heat, and suggesting these effects result from increased central NE release. This study indicates the effects of tyrosine generalize across dissimilar stressors and that tyrosine administration may mitigate the adverse behavioral effects of heat and other stressors on humans. In addition, it demonstrates that moderate heat stress impairs coping behavior, as well as working and reference memory. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Massachusetts Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Lieberman, HR (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr Div, Bldg 42,Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM harris.lieberman@na.amedd.army.mil NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD JAN 31 PY 2005 VL 84 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.10.023 PG 6 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 891CG UT WOS:000226558300005 PM 15642604 ER PT J AU Ferguson, AT Li, L Nagaraj, VT Balachandran, B Piekarski, B DeVoe, DL AF Ferguson, AT Li, L Nagaraj, VT Balachandran, B Piekarski, B DeVoe, DL TI Modeling and design of composite free-free beam piezoelectric resonators SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE piezoelectric microresonator; free-free beam; Q-optimization; RF MEMS ID TRANSISTOR; SYSTEMS AB A model is presented and experimentally validated for the design of asymmetrically layered piezoelectric free-free beam micromechanical resonators. The thin film resonators are composed of quad-symmetric torsional anchors connected to the nodal points of a free-free beam vibrating in its fundamental bending mode. The model provides analytical approximations for the resonance frequencies of the composite anchors and the free-free beam. Since dissipation in these devices is minimized when the mechanical impedances of the coupled structures are matched at resonance, i.e. when bending beam and torsional anchor resonance frequencies are equal, the model may be used to design resonators with optimized mechanical quality factors. The model is shown to successfully predict resonance frequencies in agreement with the results of finite element analysis and experimental results obtained for multi-layered lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric microresonators with first natural frequencies in the range of 448 kHz to 1.1 MHz. The model is also validated as a tool for optimizing resonator quality factor. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Alfred Gessow Rotorcraft Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP DeVoe, DL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ddev@eng.umd.edu RI DeVoe, Don/A-2891-2011 OI DeVoe, Don/0000-0002-7740-9993 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD JAN 31 PY 2005 VL 118 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2004.08.001 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 885YG UT WOS:000226192700009 ER PT J AU Weigert, EC South, J Rykov, SA Chen, JGG AF Weigert, EC South, J Rykov, SA Chen, JGG TI Multifunctional composites containing molybdenum carbides as potential electrocatalysts SO CATALYSIS TODAY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fuel Processing Catalysts for Fuel Cell Applications CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY DE molybdenum carbides; scanning electron microscopy; cyclic voltammetry ID METHANOL FUEL-CELLS; TUNGSTEN CARBIDES; MODIFIED MO(110); CARBON; PLATINUM; SURFACES; METAL; WATER; REACTIVITIES; OXIDATION AB The aim of the current study is to determine the feasibility of introducing fuel cell functionality on the surfaces of carbon-based composite materials. This can potentially be achieved by the synthesis of molybdenum carbides on the surfaces of carbon foam, which is a light and rigid material that can be used as structural components in aircrafts and vehicles. The current study employed physical vapor deposition (PVD) to deposit molybdenum on the carbon foam substrate. The ratio of surface molybdenum and surface carbon was determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The combination of PVD and in situ XPS allowed for the synthesis of molybdenum-coated carbon foam samples with desirable and reproducible Mo/C ratios. The coated films were then heated in vacuum to promote the reaction between molybdenum and carbon foam to produce surface molybdenum carbides. The carbide-coated samples were further characterized using XPS, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Platinum metal was also deposited via PVD on carbon foam, both with and without the presence of molybdenum carbide on the foam surface. The electrochemical stability of Pt-coated foams was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV). (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Catalyt Sci & Technol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Catalyt Sci & Technol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Chen, JGG (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Catalyt Sci & Technol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM jgchen@udel.edu NR 21 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5861 J9 CATAL TODAY JI Catal. Today PD JAN 30 PY 2005 VL 99 IS 3-4 BP 285 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.cattod.2004.10.003 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 912XY UT WOS:000228114400005 ER PT J AU van Wassenhove, V Grant, KW Poeppel, D AF van Wassenhove, V Grant, KW Poeppel, D TI Visual speech speeds up the neural processing of auditory speech SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE EEG; multisensory; predictive coding ID MULTISENSORY CONVERGENCE; CROSSMODAL BINDING; AUDIOVISUAL SPEECH; ASSOCIATION CORTEX; MACAQUE MONKEY; INTEGRATION; INFORMATION; STIMULI; NEURONS; BRAIN AB Synchronous presentation of stimuli to the auditory and visual systems can modify the formation of a percept in either modality. For example, perception of auditory speech is improved when the speaker's facial articulatory movements are visible. Neural convergence onto multisensory sites exhibiting supra-additivity has been proposed as the principal mechanism for integration. Recent findings, however, have suggested that putative sensory-specific cortices are responsive to inputs presented through a different modality. Consequently, when and where audiovisual representations emerge remain unsettled. In combined psychophysical and electroencephalography experiments we show that visual speech speeds up the cortical processing of auditory signals early (within 100 ms of signal onset). The auditory-visual interaction is reflected as an articulator-specific temporal facilitation (as well as a nonspecific amplitude reduction). The latency facilitation systematically depends on the degree to which the visual signal predicts possible auditory targets. The observed auditory-visual data support the view that there exist abstract internal representations that constrain the analysis of subsequent speech inputs. This is evidence for the existence of an "analysis-by-synthesis" mechanism in auditory-visual speech perception. C1 Univ Maryland, Neurosci & Cognit Sci Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Linguist, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Auditory Visual Speech Lab, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP van Wassenhove, V (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Neurosci & Cognit Sci Program, 1401 Marie Mt Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM virginie.van.wassenhove@muse.ucsi.edu OI van Wassenhove, Virginie/0000-0002-2569-5502 FU NIDCD NIH HHS [R01 DC05660, R01 DC005660] NR 47 TC 369 Z9 371 U1 5 U2 48 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 25 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1181 EP 1186 DI 10.1073/pnas.0408949102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 891YW UT WOS:000226617900041 PM 15647358 ER PT J AU Hwang, I Wong, RKH AF Hwang, I Wong, RKH TI Limitations of virtual colonoscopy SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID COLORECTAL NEOPLASIA C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Hwang, I (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JAN 18 PY 2005 VL 142 IS 2 BP 154 EP 155 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 915LQ UT WOS:000228306100015 PM 15657168 ER PT J AU Collins, CJ Sampath, AV Garrett, GA Sarney, WL Shen, H Wraback, M Nikiforov, AY Cargill, GS Dierolf, V AF Collins, CJ Sampath, AV Garrett, GA Sarney, WL Shen, H Wraback, M Nikiforov, AY Cargill, GS Dierolf, V TI Enhanced room-temperature luminescence efficiency through carrier localization in AlxGa1-xN alloys SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AL(X)GA1-XN ALLOYS; QUANTUM-WELLS; DYNAMICS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; INXALYGA1-X-YN; EPILAYERS; EMISSION AB AlGaN samples grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy on sapphire (0001) substrates, with 20 %-50 % Al content and without the use of indium, show intense room-temperature photoluminescence that is significantly redshifted, 200-400 meV, from band edge. This intense emission is characterized by a long room-temperature lifetime (similar to375 ps) comparable to that seen in low defect density (similar to10(8) cm(-2)) GaN. Room-temperature monochromatic cathodoluminescence images at the redshifted peak reveal spatially nonuniform emission similar to that observed in In(Al)GaN alloys and attributed to compositional inhomogeneity. These observations suggest that spatial localization enhances the luminescence efficiency despite the high defect density (> 10(10) cm(-2)) of the films by inhibiting movement of carriers to nonradiative sites. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRD,ARL,SE,EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Lehigh Univ, Ctr Opt Technol, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Collins, CJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRD,ARL,SE,EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM ccollins@arl.army.mil NR 15 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 17 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 3 AR 031916 DI 10.1063/1.1856702 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 895LO UT WOS:000226864600028 ER PT J AU Burnett, JC Schmidt, JJ McGrath, CF Nguyen, TL Hermone, AR Panchal, RG Vennerstrom, JL Kodukula, K Zaharevitz, DW Gussio, R Bavari, S AF Burnett, JC Schmidt, JJ McGrath, CF Nguyen, TL Hermone, AR Panchal, RG Vennerstrom, JL Kodukula, K Zaharevitz, DW Gussio, R Bavari, S TI Conformational sampling of the botulinum neurotoxin serotype a light chain: implications for inhibitor binding SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; molecular modeling; pharmacophore; metalloprotease ID TOXIN TYPE-A; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; CLOSTRIDIAL NEUROTOXINS; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PROTEASE ACTIVITY; TETANUS; VAMP/SYNAPTOBREVIN; SYNAPTOBREVIN; MANAGEMENT AB Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent of the known biological toxins, and consequently are listed as category A biowarfare agents. Currently, the only treatments against BoNTs include preventative antitoxins and long-term supportive care. Consequently, there is an urgent need for therapeutics to counter these enzymes-post exposure. In a previous study, we identified a number of small, nonpeptidic lead inhibitors of BoNT serotype A light chain (BoNT/A LC) metalloprotease activity, and we identified a common pharmacophore for these molecules. In this study, we have focused on how the dynamic movement of amino acid residues in and surrounding the substrate binding cleft of the BoNT/A LC might affect inhibitor binding modes. The X-ray crystal structures of two BoNT/A LCs (PDB refcodes = 3BTA and 1E1H) were examined. Results from these analyses indicate that the core structural features of the examined BoNT/A LCs, including alpha-helices and beta-sheets, remained relatively unchanged during 1 ns dynamics trajectories. However, conformational flexibility was observed in surface loops bordering the substrate binding clefts in both examined structures. Our analyses indicate that these loops may possess the ability to decrease the solvent accessibility of the substrate binding cleft, while at the same time creating new residue contacts for the inhibitors. Loop movements and conformational/positional analyses of residues within the substrate binding cleft are discussed with respect to BoNT/A LC inhibitor binding and our common pharmacophore for inhibition. The results from these studies may aid in the future identification/development of more potent small molecule inhibitors that take advantage of new binding contacts in the BoNT/A LC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, Dev Therapeut Program, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Coll Pharm, Nebraska Med Ctr 986025, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Sarnoff Corp, Off Technol & Strategy Innovat & Acquisit, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Gussio, R (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM gussio@ncifcrf.gov; sina.bavari@amedd.army.mil FU NCI NIH HHS [Y3-CM-100505] NR 36 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD JAN 17 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 2 BP 333 EP 341 DI 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.10.026 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 887ZK UT WOS:000226343800005 PM 15598556 ER PT J AU Swearingen, CB Wernette, DP Cropek, DM Lu, Y Sweedler, JV Bohn, PW AF Swearingen, CB Wernette, DP Cropek, DM Lu, Y Sweedler, JV Bohn, PW TI Immobilization of a catalytic DNA molecular beacon on au for Pb(II) detection SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ANODIC-STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; ATOMIC-ABSORPTION-SPECTROMETRY; IN-VITRO SELECTION; ONLINE PRECONCENTRATION; GOLD SURFACES; EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; ORGANIC DISULFIDES; LEAD; FLOW AB A Pb(II)-specific DNAzyme fluorescent sensor has been modified with a thiol moiety in order to immobilize it on a An surface. Self-assembly of the DNAzyme is accomplished by first adsorbing the single-thiolated enzyme strand (HS-17E-Dy) followed by adsorption of mercapto-hexanol, which serves to displace any Au-N interactions and ensure that DNA is bound only through the S-headgroup. The preformed self-assembled monolayer is then hybridized with the complementary fluorophore-containing substrate strand (17DS-F1). Upon reaction with Pb(II), the substrate strand is cleaved, releasing a fluorescent fragment for detection. Fluorescence intensity may be correlated with original Pb(II) concentration, and a linear calibration was obtained over nearly four decades: 10 muM greater than or equal to [Pb(II)] > 1 nM. The immobilized DNAzyme is a robust system; it may be regenerated after cleavage, allowing multiple sensing cycles. In addition, drying of fully assembled DNAzyme before reaction with Pb(II) does not significantly affect analytical performance. These results demonstrate that, in comparison with solution-based schemes, immobilization of the DNAzyme sensor onto a An surface lowers the detection limit (from 10 to 1 nM), maintains activity and specificity, and allows sensor regeneration and long-term storage. Realization of Pb(II) detection through an immobilized DNAzyme is the first important step toward creation of a stand-alone, portable Pb(II) detection device such as those immobilizing DNAzyme recognition motifs in the nanofluidic pores of a microfluidic-nanofluidic hybrid multilayer device. C1 Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. RP Sweedler, JV (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jsweedle@uiuc.edu; p-bohn@uiuc.edu RI Lu, Yi/B-5461-2010; Sweedler, Jonathan/A-9405-2009 OI Lu, Yi/0000-0003-1221-6709; Sweedler, Jonathan/0000-0003-3107-9922 NR 51 TC 92 Z9 97 U1 4 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 2 BP 442 EP 448 DI 10.1021/ac0401016 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 887PP UT WOS:000226318300011 PM 15649039 ER PT J AU Dees, EC Baker, SD O'Reilly, S Rudek, MA Davidson, SB Aylesworth, C Elza-Brown, K Carducci, MA Donehower, RC AF Dees, EC Baker, SD O'Reilly, S Rudek, MA Davidson, SB Aylesworth, C Elza-Brown, K Carducci, MA Donehower, RC TI A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of short infusions of UCN-01 in patients with refractory solid tumors SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES; CANCER CELL-LINES; ALPHA(1)-ACID GLYCOPROTEIN; SELECTIVE INHIBITOR; ANTITUMOR-ACTIVITY; ANTICANCER DRUG; CLINICAL-TRIALS; ARREST; CARCINOMA AB Purpose: To define the maximum tolerated dose and the dose-limiting toxicity of the kinase modulator UCN-01 administered as a short (1-3 hours) infusion to patients with refractory solid tumors and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of this novel agent. Experimental Design: Twenty-four patients (15 men, 9 women; median age, 59 years; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status, 072) were treated with UCN-01 in this phase I study. Using an accelerated titration design, six dose levels were evaluated ranging from 3 mg/m(2) over 3 hours to 95 mg/m(2) over 1 to 3 hours administered every 28 days. Plasma, urine, and saliva samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis. Results: Seventy courses were evaluable for toxicity. The most frequent adverse events were grade 1 to 2 nausea, vomiting, hyperglycemia, and hypotension. Hypotension was dose limiting at 95 mg/m(2) when UCN-01 was administered over I hour. The recommended dose of UCN-01 as a short infusion is 95 mg/m(2) over 3 hours for the first course and 47.5 mg/m(2) over 3 hours for second and subsequent courses. No objective responses were observed. Mean (SD) pharmacokinetic variable values in nine patients treated at 95 mg/m(2) over 3 hours were volume of distribution at steady state, 14 (5.4) L; beta half-life, 406 (151) hours; systemic clearance, 0.028 (0.017) L/h; C-max, 51 (16) mumol/L; and area under the curve, 19,732 (12,195) mumol/L h. Conclusions: UCN-01 is well tolerated when given at doses of 95 mg/m(2) over 3 hours every 28 days with second and subsequent courses given at 50% of the first course dose. C1 Sidney Kimmel Comprehens Canc Ctr, Div Med Oncol, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA. Sidney Kimmel Comprehens Canc Ctr, Div Expt Therapeut, Baltimore, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Donehower, RC (reprint author), Sidney Kimmel Comprehens Canc Ctr, Div Med Oncol, 1650 Orleans St,Room 187, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA. EM rdonehow@jhmi.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [5P30 CA 06973, U01 CA 70095] NR 31 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 11 IS 2 BP 664 EP 671 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 889IZ UT WOS:000226438000033 PM 15701854 ER PT J AU Johnson, JK Cerasoli, DM Lenz, DE AF Johnson, JK Cerasoli, DM Lenz, DE TI Role of immunogen design in induction of soman-specific monoclonal antibodies SO IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE monoclonal antibodies; soman; nerve agents; epitope ID VARIABLE REGION; AFFINITY MATURATION; REPERTOIRE; HEMAGGLUTININ; IMMUNOASSAY; EXPRESSION; OXAZOLONE; EVOLUTION; MUTATION; HAPTEN AB The study of monoclonal antibodies raised against defined hapten epitopes has been a useful approach to understanding antibody repertoire. The situation in which antibodies are raised against different epitopes of the same hapten but have some common recognition or binding features has been less frequently examined. To explore the latter situation, we have characterized three monoclonal antibodies previously raised against two structurally different epitopes of the same organophosphorus nerve agent hapten, pinacolymethyl phosphonofluoridate (soman). Two antibodies, BE2-IA 10 (BE2) and CC1-IIA4 (CC1), raised against the hydrophobic pinacolyl motif of soman. bind exclusively to soman and not to any other organophosphorus nerve agents. We determined that these antibodies have the same heavy chain sequence, which they share with the unrelated antibodies MOPC21 and H17-L19. While all these antibodies share the same heavy chain sequence, they each possess different light chain sequences. Binding studies revealed that each of these antibodies has a unique reactivity with a panel of structurally related ligands, Suggesting that the light chains are critically important in determining specificity in these antibodies. The third antibody, #2.ID8.2, raised against the methyl phosphoryl portion of soman. has unique heavy and light chain sequences. This antibody binds to all the currently identified chemical warfare agents. Given that the presenting epitope used to induce #2.ID8.2 is common to sarin. soman, tabun and VX, the ability of this antibody to recognize each of these haptens versus the inability of BE2 or CC1 to do so demonstrates the important role that immunogen design can play in the specificity of ail antibody response. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept OCBS, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lenz, DE (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM David.Lenz@apg.amedd.army.mil NR 29 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2478 J9 IMMUNOL LETT JI Immunol. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 96 IS 1 BP 121 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.imlet.2004.08.003 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 889MP UT WOS:000226447400014 PM 15585315 ER PT J AU Mikszta, JA Sullivan, VJ Dean, C Waterston, AM Alarcon, JB Dekker, JP Brittingham, JM Huang, J Hwang, CR Ferriter, M Jiang, G Mar, K Saikh, KU Stiles, BG Roy, CJ Ulrich, RG Harvey, NG AF Mikszta, JA Sullivan, VJ Dean, C Waterston, AM Alarcon, JB Dekker, JP Brittingham, JM Huang, J Hwang, CR Ferriter, M Jiang, G Mar, K Saikh, KU Stiles, BG Roy, CJ Ulrich, RG Harvey, NG TI Protective immunization against inhalational anthrax: A comparison of minimally invasive delivery platforms SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Keystone Symposium on Rational Design of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics CY JAN 06-11, 2004 CL Keystone, CO ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; LETHAL FACTOR; NASAL IMMUNIZATION; INTRANASAL IMMUNIZATION; GENE-TRANSFER; VACCINE; ANTIGEN; MUCOSAL; TOXIN; SKIN AB A new anthrax vaccine under clinical investigation is based on recombinant Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (rPA). Here, we investigated microneedle-based cutaneous and nasal mucosal delivery of rPA in mice and rabbits. In mice, intradermal ( id) delivery achieved up to 90% seroconversion after a single dose, compared with 20% after intramuscular (im) injection. Intranasal (inl) delivery of a liquid formulation required 3 doses to achieve responses that were comparable with those achieved via the id or im routes. In rabbits, id delivery provided complete protection against aerosol challenge with anthrax spores; in addition, novel powder formulations administered inl provided complete protection, whereas a liquid formulation provided only partial protection. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that cutaneous or nasal mucosal administration of rPA provides complete protection against inhalational anthrax in rabbits. The novel vaccine/device combinations described here have the potential to improve the efficacy of rPA and other biodefense vaccines. C1 BD Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Mikszta, JA (reprint author), BD Technol, 21 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM john_mikszta@bd.com; ulrich@ncifcrf.gov NR 59 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 191 IS 2 BP 278 EP 288 DI 10.1086/426865 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 881SK UT WOS:000225889500018 PM 15609239 ER PT J AU Wright, S Pellegrino, J Amy, G AF Wright, S Pellegrino, J Amy, G TI Humectant release from membrane materials SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE characterization; humectant; preconditioning; reverse osmosis; ultrafiltration AB We report the results of membrane filtration studies designed to measure the removal of humectant preservatives (expressed as total organic carbon) from new membrane samples. Membranes with different characteristic properties. that is. relative Molecular Mass cutoff and material chemistry, were filtered with deionized water under constant flux and feed water temperature (in either dead-end or cross-flow devices) to determine the area-normalized filtrate volume required to remove all of the measurable organic carbon. For specific cases. the effects of changing flux and feed water temperature are also reported. Release of humectants depends on the nominal relative molecular mass cutoff and the thickness (including support) of the membrane-complete removal is not simply predicted by a soaking time or measured volume of deionized water filtered through the membrane without regard to the flux. This report provides general guidance and a suggested measurement technique for monitoring the removal of membrane preservatives prior to membrane application studies. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USA, Med Brigade 30th, CMR 442, APO, AP USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pellegrino, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM john.pellegrino@colorado.edu OI PELLEGRINO, JOHN/0000-0001-7749-5003 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 246 IS 2 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.07.030 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 888AH UT WOS:000226346100012 ER PT J AU Kuklo, TR Lenke, LG O'Brien, MF Lehman, RA Polly, DW Schroeder, TM AF Kuklo, TR Lenke, LG O'Brien, MF Lehman, RA Polly, DW Schroeder, TM TI Accuracy and efficacy of thoracic pedicle screws in curves more than 90 degrees SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE thoracic pedicle screws; scoliosis; large-magnitude curves; computed tomography ID ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS; FIXATION; PLACEMENT; SPINE AB Study Design. Retrospective study of large- magnitude thoracic curves ( greater than or equal to 90degrees) treated with pedicle screw constructs. Objective. To evaluate the results of pedicle screw constructs for thoracic curves greater than or equal to 90degrees in terms of sagittal and coronal correction/ efficacy, as well as accuracy and safety of thoracic pedicle screw placement. Summary of Background Data. Thoracic pedicle screw constructs continue to become increasingly more common; however, the debate continues about the safety and efficacy of these constructs because of their perceived increased risk of neurologic injury and the increased cost of spinal instrumentation. Methods. Since 1998, all patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, or adult progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, a thoracic curve greater than or equal to90degrees and a minimum 2- year follow- up who were treated with pedicle screw constructs were included in this study. Standing anteroposterior ( or posteroanterior), lateral and bending preoperative radiographs, and anteroposterior ( or posteroanterior) and lateral postoperative radiographs were evaluated for curve magnitude, flexibility, and postoperative correction to assess the efficacy of these constructs in the immediate postoperative period and at latest follow-up. Postoperative CT scans were evaluated for screw accuracy using established 2- mm increments ( intrapedicular, 0 - 2 mm breach, 2 - 4 mm breach, > 4 mm breach). Preoperative plans were also reviewed to evaluate the ability to place a pedicle screw at each planned level in these large- magnitude curves. Results. Twenty patients with thoracic curves greater than or equal to 90degrees and an average follow- up of 3.3 years ( range, 2.0 - 5.2 years) were included in the study. All patients underwent a posterior spinal fusion with a pedicle screw only construct. The average preoperative main thoracic curve measured 100.2degrees ( range, 90degrees - 133degrees), with an average side-bender of 71.6degrees ( 29% flexibility). The average postoperative main thoracic curve was 32.3degrees ( 68% correction). A total of 352 thoracic screws were placed in the 20 cases ( 17.6 screws/ case). Screw accuracy ( either intrapedicular or < 2 mm breach) was 96.3% ( 339 of 352 screws) by postoperative CT scanning. Ten screws were considered to have a breach between 2 and 4 mm( 3 medial, 7 lateral), while three screws were > 4 mm ( 2 medial, 1 lateral). The two medial screws were the only placed screws that were removed ( 0.57%). Overall, 94% of planned screws ( 352 of 374 screws) were placed according to the preoperative plan. There were no incidences of screw or instrumentation failure. Of note, there was a temporary decrease in motor- evoked potentials during curve correction in 2 cases; however, there were no identifiable neurologic complications. Conclusions. Thoracic pedicle screw constructs can be safely used for large- magnitude curves. Curve correction ( 68%) is powerful for these curves, which are stiff and difficult to manage. Correction should be performed carefully with consideration given to convex compression for cases with concomitant hyperkyphosis for these " at risk" spinal cords. Screw accuracy ( 96.3%) was excellent in this review. The authors found that screws can consistently be placed according to the preoperative plan even in these large- magnitude curves. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Washington, DC USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, St Louis, MO USA. Woodridge Orthopaed & Spine Ctr, Wheat Ridge, CO USA. RP Kuklo, TR (reprint author), 15619 Thistlebridge Dr, Rockville, MD 20853 USA. EM Timothy.Kuklo@na.amedd.army.mil NR 18 TC 94 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 2 BP 222 EP 226 DI 10.1097/01.brs.0000150482.26918.d8 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 888ZW UT WOS:000226414100011 PM 15644761 ER PT J AU Jensen, JO AF Jensen, JO TI Vibrational frequencies and structural determination of cyanosulfur pentafluoride SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE vibrations; normal mode frequencies; infrared spectra; Raman spectra; cyanosulfur pentafluoride; cyanopetafluorosulfur; sulfur cyanide pentefluoride AB The vibrational frequencies and corresponding normal mode assignments of cyanosulfur pentafluoride are examined theoretically using the (GAUSSIAN)03 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of five types of motion predicted by a group theoretical analysis (Cequivalent toN stretch, S-F stretch, S-C stretch, S-F bend. and S-Cequivalent toN bend) utilizing the C-4nu symmetry of the molecule. Molecular orbitals and bonding are examined. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSRD, EDB,RT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Jensen, JO (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSRD, EDB,RT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM jim.jensen@us.army.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD JAN 14 PY 2005 VL 713 IS 1-3 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.theochem.2004.09.035 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 887ZX UT WOS:000226345100013 ER PT J AU Zhang, SS Ervin, MH Xu, K Jow, TR AF Zhang, SS Ervin, MH Xu, K Jow, TR TI Li-ion battery with poly(acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate)-based microporous gel electrolyte SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE poly(acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate); microporous membrane; gel polymer electrolyte; phase inversion; Li-ion battery ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE; POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; LITHIUM BATTERIES; PHASE-SEPARATION; CONDUCTIVITY; MEMBRANES; CELLS; SPECTROSCOPY; MECHANISM; IMPEDANCE AB This paper describes the fabrication and performance of microporous gel electrolyte (MGE) Li-ion batteries. The MGE battery was prepared through three steps: (1) making microporous polymer membrane as battery separator by the phase-inversion method, (2) making the battery assembly and activating it with liquid electrolyte, and (3) forming MGE in situ by warming the battery. Depending on liquid electrolyte uptake and warming conditions of the microporous membrane, the resulting MGE may contain three phases: liquid electrolyte, gel electrolyte, and polymer matrix. Therefore, the MGE combines many advantages such as high ionic conductivity, good adhesion to the electrodes, and good mechanical strength. In this work, we used poly(acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate) (AMMA, AN:MMA=94:6) as the polymer matrix, and a solution of 1.0 m LiBF4 dissolved in a 1:3 (wt.) mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) as the liquid electrolyte. Typically, an MGE gelled with 390 wt.% of liquid electrolyte vs. the dried membrane has an ionic conductivity of 2.2 mS/cm at 20 degreesC and the resulting Li-ion battery shows good cycling performance. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USA Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, SS (reprint author), USA Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM szhang@arl.army.mil RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012; Xu, Kang/C-6054-2013 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110; NR 29 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD JAN 14 PY 2005 VL 176 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.ssi.2004.05.024 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 883NW UT WOS:000226020900006 ER PT J AU Kotwal, RS Wenzel, RB Sterling, RA Porter, WD Jordan, NN Petruccelli, BP AF Kotwal, RS Wenzel, RB Sterling, RA Porter, WD Jordan, NN Petruccelli, BP TI An outbreak of malaria in US Army Ranges returning from Afghanistan SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; PLASMODIUM-VIVAX MALARIA; UNITED-STATES; PRIMAQUINE; WAR; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; RESISTANCE; SOLDIERS; VIETNAM; SOMALIA AB Context With numerous US military personnel currently deployed throughout the world, military and civilian health care professionals may encounter imported malaria from this population. Objective To identify malaria in US Army personnel deployed to a combat zone. Design, Setting, and Patients Case series in the US Army health care system. A total of 38 cases of malaria were identified in a 725-man Ranger Task Force that deployed to eastern Afghanistan between June and September 2002. Main Outcome Measures Identification of malaria cases and soldiers' self-report of compliance with antimalarial measures. Results A total of 38 patients were infected with Plasmodium vivax, yielding an attack rate of 52.4 cases per 1000 soldiers. Diagnosis was confirmed a median of 233 days (range, 1-339 days) after return from the malaria endemic region, with additional laboratory findings noting anemia and thrombocytopenia. One case was complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome during the patient's primary attack and a spontaneous pneumothorax during relapse. This case accounted for 1 of 2 relapse cases in the study population. From an anonymous postdeployment survey of 72% (521/725) of the task force, the self-reported compliance rate was 52% for weekly chemoprophylaxis, 41% for terminal (postdeployment) chemoprophylaxis, 31% for both weekly and terminal chemoprophylaxis, 82% for treating uniforms with permethrin, and 29% for application of insect repellent. Conclusions Delayed clinical presentation can occur with P vivax. Symptoms are often vague, but malaria should be included in the differential diagnosis for soldiers returning from an endemic region. Suboptimal compliance with preventive measures can result in a malaria outbreak. C1 Naval Operat Med Inst, Army Navy Aerosp Med Residency, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Prevent Med, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Mil & Emergency Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. 75th Ranger Regiment, Ft Benning, GA USA. 1st Cavalry Div, Div Prevent Med, Ft Hood, TX USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Kotwal, RS (reprint author), Naval Operat Med Inst, Army Navy Aerosp Med Residency, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. EM russ.kotwal@us.army.mil NR 28 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 12 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 2 BP 212 EP 216 DI 10.1001/jama.293.2.212 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 885QC UT WOS:000226171000037 PM 15644548 ER PT J AU Meyer, DJ Lenahan, PM Lelis, AJ AF Meyer, DJ Lenahan, PM Lelis, AJ TI Observation of trapping defects in 4H-silicon carbide metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors by spin-dependent recombination SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXIDIZED SILICON SURFACES; DIOXIDE INTERFACE; VACANCY; RADIATION; ESR; 4H AB We utilize a highly sensitive electron spin resonance technique called spin-dependent recombination to observe deep level dangling bond centers at and very near the SiC/SiO2 interface in fully processed n-channel 4H-SiC lateral metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. The axially symmetric g tensor of the largest signal strongly suggests that the responsible defect is a dangling bond center with the dangling bond orbital pointing along the crystalline c axis. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Meyer, DJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM djm308@psu.edu NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 10 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 2 AR 023503 DI 10.1063/1.1851592 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 893EG UT WOS:000226701500078 ER PT J AU Bedey, DF Watkins, BJ Heinselman, CJ Zellmann, RL Jakes, EM AF Bedey, DF Watkins, BJ Heinselman, CJ Zellmann, RL Jakes, EM TI Observation of the horizontal drift of thin metallic ion layers over Sondrestrom SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPORADIC E-LAYERS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; DIRECTION AB [ 1] Previous observations of thin metallic ion layers occurring in the lower E region of the polar cap have suggested that such layers drift horizontally, but this impression had not been confirmed by direct measurement of plasma motion within the layers. In this paper, we describe a technique for finding the drift velocity of a thin ion layer, based upon statistical analysis of data gained from an incoherent- scatter radar experiment, i. e., line- of- sight velocities deduced from Doppler analysis of the power spectra of backscatter from within the layer. We applied this technique to two typical layers observed over Sondrestrom and found that considerable horizontal drift was present in both cases. This finding has significant implications for studies of the formation and subsequent time evolution of thin metallic ion layers. In addition, our statistics- based algorithm can readily be adapted to radar studies of other geophysical phenomena, e. g., determination of F region electric fields. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bedey, DF (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, W Point, NY 10996 USA. EM hd2170@usma.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 1 AR L01102 DI 10.1029/2004GL021600 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 890KQ UT WOS:000226510500004 ER PT J AU Tan, GS McKenna, PM Koser, ML McLinden, R Kim, JH McGettigan, JP Schnell, MJ AF Tan, GS McKenna, PM Koser, ML McLinden, R Kim, JH McGettigan, JP Schnell, MJ TI Strong cellular and humoral anti-HIV Env immune responses induced by a heterologous rhabdoviral prime-boost approach SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE immune response; prime; boost ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN GP120; T-LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVITY; PBL-SCID MICE; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; PRIMARY ISOLATE; AIDS VACCINE; RABIES VIRUS AB Recombinant rhabdovirus vectors expressing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and/or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) proteins have been shown to induce strong immune responses in mice and rhesus macaques. However, the finding that such responses protect rhesus macaques from AIDS-like disease but not from infection indicates that further improvements for these vectors are needed. Here, we designed a prime-boost schedule consisting of a rabies virus (RV) vaccine strain and a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) both expressing HIV Envelope (Env). Mice were primed and boosted with the two vaccine vehicles by different routes and in different combinations. Mucosal and systemic Immoral responses were assessed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) while the cellular immune response was determined by ail IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay. We found that an immunization combination of RV and VSV elicited the highest titers of anti-Env antibodies and the greatest amount of Env-specific IFN-gamma secreting cells pre- and post-challenge with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HIV89.6 Env. Furthermore, intramuscular immunization did not induce antigen-specific mucosal antibodies while intranasal inoculation stimulated vector-specific IgA antibodies in vaginal washings and serum. Our results show that it is feasible to elicit robust cellular and humoral anti-HIV responses using two different live attenuated Rhabdovirus vectors to sequentially prime and boost. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ, Jefferson Med Coll, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Biochem, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Jefferson Med Coll, Dept Microbiol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. US Mil, HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. RP Schnell, MJ (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ, Jefferson Med Coll, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Biochem, 233 S 10th St,Suite 350 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. EM matthias.schnell@jefferson.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [3G12 RR003061-18S1]; NIAID NIH HHS [5T32AI07523, 5U01AI34853-10, AI44340, AI49153] NR 70 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN 5 PY 2005 VL 331 IS 1 BP 82 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2004.10.018 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 886EU UT WOS:000226210500007 PM 15582655 ER PT J AU Yang, JS Atwater, TB Xu, JJ AF Yang, JS Atwater, TB Xu, JJ TI Improved cycling performance of bismuth-modified amorphous manganese oxides as cathodes for rechargeable lithium batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE amorphous manganese oxides; bismuth-modified manganese oxides; intercalation; lithium batteries ID ALKALINE ELECTROLYTE; DIOXIDE ELECTRODE; BI(NO3)(3) MIXTURES; INTERCALATION HOST; MN(II) PRECURSORS; DISSOLVED KMNO4; MNO2; DISCHARGE; KOH; BI AB Bismuth-modified amorphous manganese oxides were synthesized via a room temperature aqueous route. They were galvanostatically tested as intercalation cathodes for rechargeable lithium batteries at 1 mA cm(-2) between 1.5 and 4.3 V. In sharp contrast to severe capacity fading of unmodified amorphous manganese oxide synthesized by the same route, a stable cycling performance of the bismuth-modified amorphous manganese oxide was observed. After an initial drop from 185 to 145 mAh g(-1) in around 10 cycles, the capacity of the bismuth-modified amorphous manganese oxide remains essentially unchanged for another 40 cycles. Based on results from X-ray diffraction and cyclic voltommetry (CV) characterization, it is suggested that an electrochemically active and stable local structure evolves inside the bismuth-modified amorphous manganese oxide upon initial cycling, leading to the stabilized cycling performance for subsequent cycles. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ceram & Mat Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. USA, RDECOM, Commun Elect Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Xu, JJ (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ceram & Mat Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM johnxu@rci.rutgers.edu NR 29 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 4 PY 2005 VL 139 IS 1-2 BP 274 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.06.053 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 886XG UT WOS:000226265800036 ER PT J AU Cassimatis, DC Atwood, JE Engler, RM Linz, PE Eckart, RE Vernalis, MN Grabenstein, JD AF Cassimatis, DC Atwood, JE Engler, RM Linz, PE Eckart, RE Vernalis, MN Grabenstein, JD TI Cautious interpretation of data regarding myopericarditis associated with smallpox vaccination - Reply SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Cassimatis, DC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM dimitri.cassimatis@na.amedd.army.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD JAN 4 PY 2005 VL 45 IS 1 BP 160 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.10.007 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 883LF UT WOS:000226012600030 ER PT J AU Walther, M Dunachie, S Keating, S Vuola, JM Berthoud, T Schmidt, A Maier, C Andrews, L Andersen, RF Gilbert, S Poulton, I Webster, D Dubovsky, F Tierney, E Sarpotdar, P Correa, S Huntcooke, A Butcher, G Williams, J Sinden, RE Thornton, GB Hill, AVS AF Walther, M Dunachie, S Keating, S Vuola, JM Berthoud, T Schmidt, A Maier, C Andrews, L Andersen, RF Gilbert, S Poulton, I Webster, D Dubovsky, F Tierney, E Sarpotdar, P Correa, S Huntcooke, A Butcher, G Williams, J Sinden, RE Thornton, GB Hill, AVS TI Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of a pre-erythrocytic malaria candidate vaccine, ICC-1132 formulated in Seppic ISA 720 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE malaria vaccine; ICC-1132; sporozoite challenge ID HEPATITIS-B-VIRUS; T-CELL EPITOPES; FALCIPARUM CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; CORE PARTICLES; IMMUNIZED VOLUNTEER; MONTANIDE ISA-720; POLYPEPTIDE TAB9; ADJUVANT; HUMANS AB ICC-1132, a recombinant virus-like particle comprising of a modified hepatitis B core protein with a B cell (NANP) and two T cell epitopes of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP), was administered i.m. as a single 50 mug dose in Seppic ISA 720 to 11 volunteers. Local reactogenicity and systemic side effects were acceptable with the predominant finding being mild pain at the injection site. This regimen induced anti-NANP antibodies in 10/11 and modest T cell responses. There was no evidence of protection from experimental challenge with P falciparum sporozoites. Other formulations and/or multi-dose regimens will be required to enhance the immunogenicity and efficacy of ICC-1132. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Clin Vaccinol & Trop Med, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England. Apovia Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Malaria Vaccine Initiat, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Dept Biol, London SW7 2AZ, England. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Walther, M (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Clin Vaccinol & Trop Med, Old Rd, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England. EM Michael.walther@ndm.ox.ac.uk RI HILL, Adrian/C-1306-2008; Keating, Sheila/B-1652-2013; OI Thornton, George/0000-0002-8744-4987; Gilbert, Sarah/0000-0002-6823-9750; Keating, Sheila/0000-0002-8324-3694 FU Medical Research Council [G84/6323] NR 31 TC 58 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 4 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 7 BP 857 EP 864 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.08.020 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 887SS UT WOS:000226326400002 PM 15603885 ER PT B AU Sadler, BM Xu, ZY Tang, J AF Sadler, Brian M. Xu, Zhengyuan Tang, Jin GP IEEE TI Data detection performance of an MTR-UWB receiver in the presence of timing errors SO 2005 39th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Pacific Grove, CA ID JITTER AB A multiuser transmitted-reference (MTR) ultra wideband (UWB) transceiver is recently proposed to not only increase the data transmission rate, but also enable multiple access effectively. Both features are realized by incorporating frame-rate pseudo-random sequences. This paper further studies detection performance of the MTR receiver when timing is acquired with some random errors from clock synchronization, delay estimation, etc. A timing acquisition scheme is also proposed, by peak-picking the power of the aggregated template estimate. 1 C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL CI CN, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sadler, BM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL CI CN, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0131-3 PY 2005 BP 156 EP 160 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BEM56 UT WOS:000238142000028 ER PT B AU Zhao, Q Tong, L Swami, A AF Zhao, Qing Tong, Lang Swami, Ananthram GP IEEE TI A cross-layer approach to cognitive MAC for spectrum agility SO 2005 39TH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Pacific Grove, CA AB Opportunistic spectrum access aims to exploit the instantaneous spectrum availability using sophisticated signal processing and networking techniques. Cognitive MAC that enables instantaneous detection and efficient utilization of spectrum opportunities is one of the key components of opportunistic spectrum access. In this paper, we pursue a crosslayer approach that integrates opportunity assessment and opportunity allocation for optimal spectrum utilization. We develop optimal cognitive MAC protocols for multihop ad hoc networks. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhao, Q (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM qzhao@ece.ucdavis.edu; ltong@ece.cornell.edu; aswami@arl.army.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0131-3 PY 2005 BP 200 EP 204 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BEM56 UT WOS:000238142000036 ER PT B AU Collins, CJ Sampath, AV Garrett, GA Shen, H Wraback, M Readinger, E AF Collins, CJ Sampath, AV Garrett, GA Shen, H Wraback, M Readinger, E GP IEEE TI UVLED based on carrier localization in AlGaN SO 2005 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics (CLEO), Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD ID AL(X)GA1-XN ALLOYS; QUANTUM-WELLS; DYNAMICS; INXALYGA1-X-YN; LUMINESCENCE; EPILAYERS; EMISSION; GROWTH; LIGHT AB AlGaN samples show intense room temperature photoluminescence from localized states that is significantly red-shifted, 200-400 meV, from band edge. Double-heterostructure lightemitting diodes were fabricated using this unique layer, with electroluminescence peak at 325 nm. (c) 2005 Optical Scociety of America C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRD,ARL,SEEM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Collins, CJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRD,ARL,SEEM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-795-4 PY 2005 BP 150 EP 152 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDP70 UT WOS:000234819900052 ER PT B AU Das, NC Shen, H Simonis, G Olver, K Towner, F AF Das, NC Shen, H Simonis, G Olver, K Towner, F GP IEEE TI Infrared (3.75 mu m) interband cascade light emitting diode arrays with high brightness SO 2005 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics (CLEO), Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD ID EXTERNAL QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; RECOMBINATION AB The interband cascade (IC) IR LED light with 0.65% efficiency is reported. We believe this is the highest efficiency from IC LED structure reported so far. We discussed various device structures for enhanced light intensity. (c) 2005 Optical society of America. C1 USA, Res Lab, Microphoton Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Das, NC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Microphoton Branch, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-795-4 PY 2005 BP 346 EP 348 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDP70 UT WOS:000234819900119 ER PT B AU Dubinskii, M Goff, JR Merkle, LD Castillo, VK Quarles, GJ AF Dubinskii, M Goff, JR Merkle, LD Castillo, VK Quarles, GJ GP IEEE TI Q-switched laser operation of 8% ceramic Nd : YAG SO 2005 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics (CLEO), Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD AB We report what we believe to be the first demonstration of Q-switched, diode-pumped lasing from highly concentrated (8%) ceramic Nd:YAG. Fluorescence kinetics and laser experiments indicate the material's potential for high repetition rate operation. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL SE EO, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Dubinskii, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL SE EO, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-795-4 PY 2005 BP 921 EP 923 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDP70 UT WOS:000234819901051 ER PT B AU Liu, JJ Chang, W Simonis, GJ Gollsneider, B Shoop, BL Gerhold, MD AF Liu, JJ Chang, W Simonis, GJ Gollsneider, B Shoop, BL Gerhold, MD GP IEEE TI Integrated 64-channel optoelectronic interconnect and application to image processing SO 2005 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics (CLEO), Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD AB Integrated 64-channel parallel optoelectronic interconnect and image processing system is developed using VCSEL and photodetector optical interconnect technology. Analog-to-digital halftoning image processing with appropriate image compression is reported. (c) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Liu, JJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-795-4 PY 2005 BP 1186 EP 1188 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDP70 UT WOS:000234819901141 ER PT B AU Misra, S Swami, A Moore, T AF Misra, S Swami, A Moore, T GP IEEE TI Bit-error rate optimized training for time-varying fading channels SO 2005 IEEE 6th Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications CY JUN 05-08, 2005 CL Columbia Univ, Italian Acad Advanced Studies Amer, New York, NY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc HO Columbia Univ, Italian Acad Advanced Studies Amer AB We study time division multiplexed training (TDMT) for the temporally correlated Rayleigh flat-fading channel. For a class of causal and non-causal estimators, we derive the bit-error rate (BER) of TDMT assuming grey-coded M-PSK input. The high-SNR performance of the estimators is characterized by simplified expressions for the minimum attainable BER. It is shown that energy allocation techniques that are often assumed to boost performance of TDMT may be useful in this setting, but only for the simplest estimators and at moderate values of SNR. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Misra, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8867-4 PY 2005 BP 358 EP 362 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BCX08 UT WOS:000231653600073 ER PT S AU Rock, JC AF Rock, Janice C. GP IEEE TI Integration of antenna elements onto semiconductor substrates for use in phased arrays SO 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This paper will discuss the ongoing research being conducted in the RF Technology Division of the Applied Sensors, Guidance, and Electronics Directorate, US Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) on the Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama. The overall purpose of the research is to determine and overcome the technological barriers impinging upon enhancements to current phased array technology which is expected to include MEMs in addition to chip-level integration of multiple phased array components. An overview of phased array systems and components will be presented along with applications and insertion into potential military systems and the benefits thereof The paper will discuss the current research effort and future research areas for this project and its benefits in creating an air defense system to support the Future Combat System (FCS) of the US Army. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Rock, JC (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, AMSAM,RD,MG,RF, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8869-0 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2005 BP 1124 EP 1130 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEN93 UT WOS:000238379000109 ER PT S AU Booth, JP AF Booth, Joel P. GP IEEE TI Weather and radar interactions SO 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This paper will discuss the effects of weather on radar system performance. This discussion will be based on computer simulations and climatological data. The relationships between frequency and range will be explored as they interact with the weather. This effort is being conducted in the RF Technology Division of the Applied Sensors, Guidance, and Electronics Directorate, US Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) on the Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama. Although there is extensive work in this area this paper will present the background in a condensed form and go into greater detail of the attenuation due to rainfall rates and cloud water content. The ground work for this effort was performed in a paper titled "Weather Clutter and Effects on Radar Systems", Joel P. Booth. This research is a continuation of that work. The goal is to uncover any data relating the attenuation or reflection from clouds verses the cloud liquid content. Another goal is to try and quantify attenuation due to rain fall rates. The data obtained from this effort will be used in the selection of new radar system parameters. The effects of weather impact the selection of operating frequency and modes. The results also effect the combination of modes in seeker system design to achieve the mission. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Booth, JP (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, AMSRD,AMR,SG,RF, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8869-0 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2005 BP 1202 EP 1212 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEN93 UT WOS:000238379001008 ER PT S AU Ben-David, A D'Amico, FM AF Ben-David, Avishai D'Amico, Francis M. GP IEEE TI Detecting aerosols and vapors with Fourier-Transform InfraRed spectrometers SO 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID BIOLOGICAL AEROSOLS AB Two experiments are conducted with a Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectrometer. (1) to detect and identify Bacillus subtilis subsp. niger (BG) bio-aerosol in an open-air release and (2) to estimate the concentration of a small amount of TriEthyl Phosphate (TEP) vapor in a closed chamber. The algorithms are based on radiative transfer theory and statistical signal processing methods. A subspace orthogonal projection operator is used to statistically subtract the large thermal background contribution to the measurements and a robust maximum likelihood solution is used to deduce the target spectrum and estimate its mass-column concentration. The deduced BG (TEP) extinction spectrum matched the library spectrum very well. The estimation of the TEP vapor time-dependent concentration is excellent. Detection threshold and probabilities of detection and false alarm are computed (expectation-maximization) with a Gaussian-mixture model. The results of this study are encouraging, as they suggest, for the first time to our knowledge, the feasibility of detecting bio-aerosols with passive FTIR sensors. C1 USA, REDECOM, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSSB RRT DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Ben-David, A (reprint author), USA, REDECOM, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSSB RRT DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8869-0 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2005 BP 2012 EP 2021 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEN93 UT WOS:000238379001089 ER PT S AU Rosario, D AF Rosario, Dalton GP IEEE TI A nonparametric F-distribution anomaly detector for hyperspectral imagery SO 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB An innovative idea is proposed and its application to hyperspectral imagery is presented, as a viable alternative to testing sample hypothesis using conventional methods. This idea led to the design of two novel algorithms for anomaly detection. The first existing algorithm, referred to as semiparametric (SemiP), is based on some of the advances made on semiparametric inference. The second algorithm, proposed in this paper and referred to as a combined F test (CFT), is based on a nonparametric model and has its test statistic behaving asymptotically under the Fisher's F family of distributions. A major drawback of the SemiP detector is its dependence on a function maximization routine, which requires initialization and no guarantees of convergence. The CFT detector is free of such dependence. Experimental results using real hyperspectral data are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of both algorithms in comparison to the industry standard approach. The CFT and SemiP detectors significantly outperformed the standard approach. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Rosario, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8869-0 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2005 BP 2022 EP 2029 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEN93 UT WOS:000238379001090 ER PT S AU Darwish, AM Huebschman, B Del Rosario, R Viveiros, E Hung, HA AF Darwish, AM Huebschman, B Del Rosario, R Viveiros, E Hung, HA GP IEEE TI Temperature behavior of AlGaN/GaN on SiCHEMTs SO 2005 IEEE CSIC SYMPOSIUM, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium Technical Digest LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Palm Springs, CA SP IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Solid State Circuits Soc AB This study presents extensive characterization and comparison of current GaN/SiC devices (from 5 US manufacturers) across temperature (-25 - 125 degrees C). The changes with temperature for: saturated current (I(dss)), transconductance (g(m)), and maximum stable gain (MSG) are measured and statistics are studied. The typical temperature-coefficients (TC) are established for I(dss), g(m), and MSG in GaN technology. This information is useful for MMIC designs. The minimum temperature coefficients compare well with theoretical expectations. Finally, a correlation is observed between the temperature behavior of RF and DC parameters. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Darwish, AM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-8781 BN 0-7803-9250-7 J9 COMP SEMICOND INTEGR PY 2005 BP 145 EP 148 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BDP10 UT WOS:000234650700037 ER PT B AU Hale, PS Arno, RG Dylis, D AF Hale, PS Arno, RG Dylis, D GP IEEE TI Reliability and availability data collection program for power distribution, power generation, and HVAC components of commercial, industrial, and utility installations SO 2005 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference, Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/IAS Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference CY MAY 08-12, 2005 CL Saratoga Springs, NY SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc, Ind & Commercial Power Syst Dept, IEEE, Schenectady Sect AB This paper presents an effort to collect operational and maintenance data on 240 power generation, power distribution and Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) items, including gas turbine generators,. diesel engine generators, electrical switchgear, cables, circuit breakers, boilers, piping, valves, pumps, motors and chillers. The data collection process and the resultant data are the subject of this paper. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Special Missions Off, PREP, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Hale, PS (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Special Missions Off, PREP, 10115 Gridley Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9021-0 PY 2005 BP 199 EP 203 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCK33 UT WOS:000229726100025 ER PT S AU Nasrabadi, NM Kwon, H AF Nasrabadi, NM Kwon, H GP IEEE TI Kernel spectral matched filter for hyperspectral target detection SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5: SPEECH PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE AB In this paper a kernel-based non-linear spectral matched filter is introduced for target detection in hyperspectral imagery. The proposed spectral matched filter is defined in a kernel feature space which is equivalent to a non-linear matched filter in the original input space. This non-linear spectral matched filter is based on the notion that performing matched filtering in the high dimensional feature space increases the separability of spectral data mainly because it exploits the higher order correlation between the spectral bands. It is also shown that the non-linear spectral matched filter can easily be implemented in terms of kernel functions using the so called kernel trick property of the Mercer kernels. The kernel version of the non-linear spectral matched filter is implemented and simulation results on hyperspectral imagery are shown to outperform the linear version. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-8874-7 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2005 BP 665 EP 668 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCI02 UT WOS:000229404203166 ER PT S AU Kwon, H Nasrabadi, NM AF Kwon, H Nasrabadi, NM GP IEEE TI Kernel adaptive subspace detector for hyperspectral target detection SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5: SPEECH PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE AB In this paper, we present a kernel-based nonlinear version of the adaptive subspace detector (ASD) that detects signals of interest in a high dimensional (possibly infinite) feature space associated with a certain nonlinear mapping. In order to address the high dimensionality of the feature space, ASD is first implicitly formulated in the feature space which is then converted into an expression in terms of kernel functions via the kernel trick of the Mercer kernels. The proposed kernel-based ASD (KASD) exploits the nonlinear correlations between the spectral bands that is ignored by the conventional ASD. Experimental results based on the given hyperspectral image show that the proposed KASD outperforms the conventional ASD. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, 2800 Power Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-8874-7 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2005 BP 681 EP 684 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCI02 UT WOS:000229404203170 ER PT S AU Sadler, BM Kozick, RJ Tong, L AF Sadler, BM Kozick, RJ Tong, L GP IEEE TI Multi-modal sensor localization using a mobile access point SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5: SPEECH PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE AB We consider the problem of sensor node localization in a randomly deployed sensor network, using a mobile access point (AP). The mobile AP can be used to localize many sensors simultaneously in a broadcast mode, without a preestablished sensor network. We consider a multi-modal approach, combining radio and acoustics. The radio broadcasts timing, location information, and acoustic signal parameters. The acoustic emission may be used at the sensor to measure Doppler stretch, time delay, and angle of arrival. These measurements are individually sufficient to localize a sensor node, or they may be advantageously combined. We focus on the cases of Doppler and time delay. Sensor localization algorithms are developed, and performance analysis includes acoustic propagation effects caused by the turbulent atmosphere. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM bsadler@arl.army.mil; kozick@bucknell.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-8874-7 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2005 BP 753 EP 756 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCI02 UT WOS:000229404203188 ER PT S AU Sadler, BM AF Sadler, BM GP IEEE TI Critical issues in energy-constrained sensor networks: Synchronization, scheduling, and acquisition SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5: SPEECH PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE AB Energy-constrained wireless sensor networks have conflicting requirements between the need to communicate, and the desire to avoid idle listening and thus save energy. Beneath this simple observation lies a complex design space that encompasses all layers of the radio through application. Broad design principles include the desire to exploit resources external to the network, such as beacons and (perhaps mobile) access points that do not have strong energy constraints. We consider synchronization, scheduled communications rendezvous, and packet acquisition. Synchronization accuracy worsens with prediction interval, saves energy by enabling scheduling, but costs energy to maintain. Acquisition is probabilistic due to noise, fading, and synchronization error, with operating points defining energy-performance tradeoffs. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-8874-7 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2005 BP 785 EP 788 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCI02 UT WOS:000229404204197 ER PT S AU Misra, S Swami, A AF Misra, S Swami, A GP IEEE TI The energy efficiency of on-off keying with partial CSI and peak power constraints SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5: SPEECH PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE AB It is well known that On-Off Keying (OOK) suffers from a 3 dB SNR penalty relative to BPSK for coded transmission over a Rayleigh fading channel with perfect receiver channel state information (CSI). Previously, the cutoff rate has been used to show that this 3 dB; penalty can be partially recovered if the OOK transmission probability can be varied, with full recovery in the limit of vanishing rates. We extend these results to the case of imperfect CSI. We show that the maximum penalty with partial CSI is 4 dB, and that there is a range of rates and CSI quality for which the penalty is instead a gain. By further varying the transmission probability of the '1' bit in OOK, we show that the 3 dB penalty can be recovered for small rates, but not at larger rates. Finally, we consider the energy penalty for using OOK under a peak power constraint. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM smisra@arl.army.mil; aswami@arl.army.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-8874-7 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2005 BP 797 EP 800 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCI02 UT WOS:000229404202200 ER PT S AU Kim, Y AF Kim, Yoonkee GP IEEE TI Aging of dual mode resonator for microcomputer compensated crystal oscillator SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM AND EXHIBITION SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 29-31, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA AB A Microcomputer Compensated Crystal Oscillator (MCXO) utilizes the dual c-mode excitation (fundamental mode and 3rd overtone (OT)) of an SC-cut resonator for self-temperature sensing and compensation. The long-term stability of the MCXO depends primarily on the aging of the dual mode resonator. When two modes age differently in time, the aging MCXO's output frequency curve would shift with a tilt over its operating temperature range. In this paper, we report the aging of the dual modes of the 20 NMHz 3(rd) OT SC-cut MCXO resonators. The resonators were measured over the -55 degrees C similar to +85 degrees C temperature range with the self-temperature sensing technique utilized for the MCXO. The measured aging of the two modes ranges from 0.083 ppb to 0.386 ppb per day. The fundamental mode shows more aging than the OT. Observing the different aging of the two modes is not surprising since the mode shape effect and stress relief would be different between the two modes. The different aging rates exacerbate the long-term aging in the MCXO by increasing the offset more than the worse aging rate of the two. C1 US Army Commun Elect Res, Dev & Engn Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), US Army Commun Elect Res, Dev & Engn Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-9052-0 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 171 EP 175 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BEG11 UT WOS:000237191500028 ER PT S AU Ranney, K Soumekh, M AF Ranney, K Soumekh, M GP IEEE TI Adaptive change detection in coherent and noncoherent SAR imagery SO 2005 IEEE International Radar, Conference Record SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 09-12, 2005 CL Arlington, VA SP Natl Capital Area Council, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, RADAR Syst Panel, IEE DE multi-pass SAR; adaptive change detection ID CLUTTER; SPECKLE AB This paper is concerned with change detection in averaged multi-look SAR imagery. Averaged multi-look SAR images are preferable to full aperture SAR reconstructions when the imaging algorithm is approximation based (e.g., polar format processing), or motion data are not accurate over a long full aperture. We study the application of a SAR change detection method, known as Signal Subspace Processing, that is based on the principles of 2D adaptive filtering [13], [14]; and we use it to recognize the addition of surface landmines to a particular area under surveillance. We identify the change detection problem as a trinary hypotheses testing problem, and identify a change signal and its normalized version to determine whether there is i) no change in the imaged scene; ii) a target has entered the imaged scene; or iii) a target has exited the imaged scene. A statistical analysis of the error signal is provided to show its properties and merits. Results are provided with a realistic X band SAR platform using averaged noncoherent multi-look and coherent single-look SAR imagery. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ranney, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-8881-X J9 RADAR CONF PY 2005 BP 195 EP 200 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BCR36 UT WOS:000230903000036 ER PT S AU Linnehan, R Brady, D Schindler, J Perlovsky, L Rangaswamy, M AF Linnehan, R Brady, D Schindler, J Perlovsky, L Rangaswamy, M GP IEEE TI Using Cramer-Rao theory for SAR waveform design SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR, CONFERENCE RECORD SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 09-12, 2005 CL Arlington, VA SP Natl Capital Area Council, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, RADAR Syst Panel, IEE AB This paper applies Cramer-Rao theory to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in order to establish optimal performance bounds on target parameter estimation. The Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) establishes a lower bound on the error variance of unbiased or asymptotically efficient parameter estimates [8]. Bounds on the estimation of various target parameters are developed, and the extension to multistatic SAR (MSAR) is considered. C1 USA, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Linnehan, R (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. EM robert.linnehan2@hanscom.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-8881-X J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2005 BP 217 EP 221 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BCR36 UT WOS:000230903000040 ER PT B AU DiNardo, PB Andrews, SB AF DiNardo, PB Andrews, SB GP IEEE TI Unmanned systems initiative: Supporting immediate warfighter needs and army transformation SO 2005 IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication CY AUG 13-15, 2005 CL Nashville, TN SP IEEE Ind Elect Sovc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Rotot Soc Japan, NTF, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc DE unmanned systems; UAV; UGV; research; weaponization; interoperability; transition AB Unmanned Systems have emerged as a critical warfighting capability for Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and form a cornerstone of the Army's transformational flagship Program, Future Combat Systems (FCS). The Unmanned Systems Initiative (USI), a congressionally supported program managed by the US Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center (AMRDEC), is responding to these challenges by promoting an integrated approach to Unmanned Systems research and development. First year successes in FY04 included standing up and successfully demonstrating the USI distributed live/virtual testbed, as well as four transition efforts that had immediate OIF impact. In FY05, the focus is Integration, Weaponization, and Collaboration, aimed at increasing technology transition to Project Managers (PMs) in response to immediate OIF/OEF needs, accelerating Science and Technology (S&T) readiness, strengthening joint and interagency connectivity, and exercising the USI virtual/live distributed testbed for Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (TTP) development. FY06 activities will build upon successes in FY04 and FY05, and will be guided by priority warfighter needs to be identified by the unmanned air and ground PM and User organizations. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP DiNardo, PB (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9274-4 PY 2005 BP 109 EP 113 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BDM80 UT WOS:000234339400019 ER PT B AU Pham, T Papadopoulos, HC AF Pham, Tien Papadopoulos, Haralabos C. GP IEEE TI Distributed tracking in ad-hoc sensor networks SO 2005 IEEE/SP 13th Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing (SSP), Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing CY JUL 17-20, 2005 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE SP IEEE AB In this paper, we present distributed algorithms for tracking a moving source via an ad-hoc network of sensors. Tracking is performed by employing a Kalman filter at all detecting nodes in the network. The Kalman filter employed at any given node exploits the availability of source-location snapshot and prediction estimates, both of which are computed via distributed locally constructed algorithms over the ad-hoc network. As our brief simulation-based analysis reveals, the source-tracking performance of the proposed algorithms is a function of the motion dynamics of the source, the snapshot source-localization algorithm employed, the network topology, and the number of iterations employed in the distributed approximation algorithm. C1 USA, Res Lab, Acoust Signal Proc Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Pham, T (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Acoust Signal Proc Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9403-8 PY 2005 BP 1153 EP 1158 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BEU24 UT WOS:000239515900206 ER PT B AU McInerney, MK Bushman, JB Abdallah, T Nielsen, PH Lilly, TG Shea, CB Hock, VF Britt, JT AF McInerney, MK Bushman, JB Abdallah, T Nielsen, PH Lilly, TG Shea, CB Hock, VF Britt, JT GP IEEE TI Electrical effects on barges, tows, and people by the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal electric fish barrier: Preliminary results SO 2005 IEEE Symposium on Product Safety Engineering (PSES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Product Safety Engineering (PSES) CY OCT 03-04, 2005 CL Schaumburg, IL SP IEEE DE electric field measurement; electric fish barrier; marine electrical equipment; personnel; pulse measurements; safety; sparks; voltage measurement; water resources AB The temporary electric fish barrier in the Chicago Ship and Sanitary Canal is a unique structure designed to halt the passage of invasive species. Observation of sparking during the assembly of a tow and an incident of electric shock to personnel in the barrier region required that a closer examination of the operation of the barrier be conducted. Personnel from ERDC-CERL conducted a variety of measurements near and over the barrier that showed that simple adherence to existing regulations and common practices will ensure safe operation of conventional barging operations. The sparking was found to be a low voltage phenomenon, which in all cases can be easily prevented by following simple guidance. ERDC-CERL also made measurements of the electric field that a person in the water would be subjected to and of touch potentials to nearby objects. The effect of the barrier on people is still being investigated. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. RP McInerney, MK (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9350-3 PY 2005 BP 54 EP 64 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BDY68 UT WOS:000236206700009 ER PT S AU Ballato, A AF Ballato, A GP IEEE TI Thin-film composite resonators on crystalline substrates SO 2005 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, Vols 1-4 SE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium CY SEP 18-21, 2005 CL Rotterdam, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE ID PIEZOELECTRIC RESONATORS; DEVICES; PLATES AB Telecommunications systems depend on high stability frequency sources. For mobile uses such as cell phones, size and cost are severe additional constraints. We describe a class of composite piezoresonators that are comprised of piezoelectric thin films deposited on crystalline plate substrates 11] oriented to obtain very low temperature coefficients of frequency (TCFs) for the composite structure. Specifically described are high-frequency bulk acoustic wave resonators (HBARs) comprised of piezoelectric thin films on AT- and BT-cut quartz substrates. An example design for a 2.1 GHz composite resonator is provided. C1 USA, Res Dev & Evaluat Command, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Ballato, A (reprint author), USA, Res Dev & Evaluat Command, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-9382-1 J9 ULTRASON PY 2005 BP 2128 EP 2131 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Biomedical; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Physics GA BDY24 UT WOS:000236090703066 ER PT B AU Masrur, A Zhang, BF Wu, H Mi, C Chen, ZH Murphey, YL AF Masrur, A Zhang, BF Wu, H Mi, C Chen, ZH Murphey, YL GP IEEE TI Fault diagnostics in power electronics based brake-by-wire system SO 2005 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) CY SEP 07-09, 2005 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE DE fuzzy logic; multi-class fault detection; brake-by-wire; power electronics AB A dc motor based brake-by-wire system is studied for the purpose of fault diagnostics of its power electronic switches. The voltages and currents generated in the switching circuit under normal and faulted conditions are fed to a fuzzy algorithm to detect the particular solid state power switch which is faulty, and the moment of the occurrence of the fault. The algorithm can be easily implemented using an inexpensive processor for on-board diagnostics applications. C1 USA, RDECOM, TARDEC, Warren, MI USA. RP Masrur, A (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, TARDEC, Warren, MI USA. OI Mi, Chris/0000-0002-5471-8953 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9280-9 PY 2005 BP 560 EP 566 DI 10.1109/VPPC.2005.1554615 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BEC33 UT WOS:000236759900093 ER PT S AU Kwon, H Nasrabadi, NM AF Kwon, H Nasrabadi, NM GP IEEE TI Hyperspectral target detection using kernel orthogonal subspace projection SO 2005 International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), Vols 1-5 SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2005) CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL Genoa, ITALY SP IEEE AB In this paper, a kernel-based nonlinear version of the orthogonal subspace projection (OSP) classifier is defined in terms of kernel functions. Input data is implicitly mapped into a high dimensional kernel feature space by a nonlinear mapping which is associated with a kernel function. The OSP expression is then derived in the feature space which is kernelized in terms of kernel functions in order to avoid explicit computation in the high dimensional feature space. The resulting kernelized OSP algorithm is equivalent to a nonlinear OSP in the original input spice. Experimental results are presented for target detection in hyperspectral imagery and it is shown that the kernel OSP outperforms the conventional OSP classifier. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Kwon, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 0-7803-9134-9 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2005 BP 1305 EP 1308 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BDW08 UT WOS:000235773301133 ER PT B AU Hsieh, B AF Hsieh, Bernard BE Chu, HW Savoie, MJ Sanchez, B Hong, SM TI Advanced hydraulics simulation using artificial neural networks - Integration with numerical model SO 3rd International Conference on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies, Vol 3, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies CY JUL 24-27, 2005 CL Austin, TX SP Int Inst Informat & Syst, Int Federat Syst Res DE artificial neural networks; hydraulic applications; neuro-numerieal modeling approach; hydrodynamic and sediment simulation AB Due to these uncertainties (data uncertainty, parameter uncertunty, and model uncertainty) associate with the modeling processes, it turns to more difficult to accomplish a well-validated model through a conventional approach. Particularly, the models of hydraulic relevant systems with hundreds of thousands of nodes have become increasingly common to undertake more realistic simulation. These models create heavy demands on computing time and computer capacity. As a result, a significant delay usually exists between the required real response-time and the actual computational-time. The management real response-time is an essential factor to justify, a timely decision-making. For example, dealing with an input of a rapid change condition of a hydrologic avow such as a flash flood into a simulation system has become a challenge task. In this paper, ANNs is used to integrate with numerical model for two ways. For the neuro-numetical approach, ANNs is used to extract the existing patterns from a well-validated numerical model and to generate an "input-outpit" simulator. Two demonstration examples - hydrodynamic simulation for a tidal wetland and sediment transport simulation, are presented. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Hsieh, B (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-980-6560-48-2 PY 2005 BP 273 EP 278 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFP54 UT WOS:000243630800049 ER PT J AU Lurie, KG Idris, A Holcomb, JB AF Lurie, KG Idris, A Holcomb, JB TI Level I cardiac arrest centers: Learning from the trauma surgeons - Commentary SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Univ Texas SW, Dept Emergency Med, Dallas, TX USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Lurie, KG (reprint author), Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. EM lurie002@tc.umn.edu NR 0 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 12 IS 1 BP 79 EP 80 DI 10.1197/j.aem.2004.11.010 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 885XI UT WOS:000226190200015 PM 15635142 ER PT J AU Kern, DE Branch, WT Jackson, JL Brady, DW Feldman, MD Levinson, W Lipkin, M AF Kern, DE Branch, WT Jackson, JL Brady, DW Feldman, MD Levinson, W Lipkin, M TI Teaching the psychosocial aspects of care in the clinical setting: Practical recommendations SO ACADEMIC MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID IDENTIFICATION TEST AUDIT; FACULTY-DEVELOPMENT; GENERAL-PRACTICE; SCREENING-TEST; PATIENT SATISFACTION; INTERVIEWING SKILLS; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; MENTAL-DISORDERS; MEDICAL-STUDENTS AB Communication skills and the psychosocial dimensions of patient care are increasingly taught in medical schools and generalist residency programs. Evidence suggests they are not reinforced or optimally implemented in clinical training. The authors present the product of an iterative process that was part of a national faculty development program and involved both experts and generalist teachers concerning teaching psychosocial medicine while precepting medical students and residents in clinical settings, Using scientific evidence, educational theory, and experience, the authors developed recommendations, presented them in workshops, and revised them based on input from other experts and teachers, who gave feedback and added suggestions. The results are practical, expert consensus recommendations for clinical preceptors on how to teach and reinforce learning in this area. General skills to use in preparing the trainee for improved psychosocial care are organized into the mnemonic "CAARE MORE": Connect personally with the trainee; Ask psychosocial questions and Assess the trainee's knowledge/attitudes/ skills/behaviors; Role model desired attitudes/skills/behaviors; create a safe, supportive, enjoyable learning Environment; formulate specific Management strategies regarding psychosocial issues; Observe the trainee's affect and behavior; Reflect and provide feedback on doctor-patient and preceptor-trainee interactions; and provide Educational resources and best Evidence. The preceptor-trainee teaching skills that are recommended parallel good doctor-patient interaction skills. They can be used during both preceptor-trainee and preceptor-trainee-patient encounters. Important common psychosocial situations that need to be managed in patients include substance abuse, depression, anxiety, somatoform disorder, physical and sexual abuse, and posttraumatic stress disorder. For these problems, where high-level evidence exists, specific psychosocial questions for screening and case finding are provided. C1 Johns Hopkins Bayview Med Ctr, Div Gen Internal Med, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, J Willis Hurst Internal Med Residency Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Gen Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. NYU, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Kern, DE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bayview Med Ctr, Div Gen Internal Med, B-235,4940 Eastern Ave, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM dkern@jhmi.edu NR 111 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1040-2446 J9 ACAD MED JI Acad. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 80 IS 1 BP 8 EP 20 DI 10.1097/00001888-200501000-00006 PG 13 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 885FS UT WOS:000226143100003 PM 15618086 ER PT J AU Balevicius, S Zurauskiene, N Stankevic, V Kersulis, S Novickij, J Altgilbers, LL Clarke, F AF Balevicius, S Zurauskiene, N Stankevic, V Kersulis, S Novickij, J Altgilbers, LL Clarke, F TI High pulsed magnetic field sensor based on La-Ca-Mn-O thin polycrystalline films SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A LA English DT Article AB It is demonstrated that polycrystalline La0.33Ca0.67MnO3 thin film sensors can be used to measure pulsed strong magnetic fields with microsecond duration rise and decay times. The response characteristics of these sensors were investigated using 0.7-1.0 ms duration bell-shaped magnetic field pulses of 10-20 T amplitudes and by using special waveform magnetic field pulses with amplitudes of 40 T and decay times of 50 mus. The response of these magnetic field sensors was compared with those of conventional loop sensors and Faraday rotation sensors using Bi12SiO20 single crystals as a known standard. C1 Inst Semicond Phys, Vilnius, Lithuania. Vilnius State Univ, Vilnius, Lithuania. USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Balevicius, S (reprint author), Inst Semicond Phys, A Gostauto 11, Vilnius, Lithuania. EM sbal@uj.pfi.lt NR 4 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI WARSAW PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, 02-668 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0587-4246 J9 ACTA PHYS POL A JI Acta Phys. Pol. A PD JAN PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1 BP 207 EP 210 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 901US UT WOS:000227308200031 ER PT J AU Chelimo, K Ofulla, A Narum, D Kazura, J Lanar, D John, C AF Chelimo, K. Ofulla, A. Narum, D. Kazura, J. Lanar, D. John, C. TI Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum antigens vary by age and antigen in children in a malaria holoendemic area of Kenya [MIM-KC-31452] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chelimo, K.] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisian, Kenya. [Ofulla, A.] Maseno Univ, Maseno, Kenya. [Narum, D.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kazura, J.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Lanar, D.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [John, C.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. RI Lanar, David/B-3560-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S149 EP S150 PG 2 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600233 ER PT J AU Kinyanjui, S Macbride, J Cavanagh, D Lanar, E Dutta, S Conway, D Marsh, K AF Kinyanjui, S. Macbride, J. Cavanagh, D. Lanar, E. Dutta, S. Conway, D. Marsh, K. TI A detailed study of the kinetics of antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite antigens [MIM-SK-10044] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Geog Med Res Coast, Kenya Med Res Inst, Kilifi, Kenya. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Cell Anim & Populat Biol, Sch Biol Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Forest Glen Annex, MD USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S155 EP S156 PG 2 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600242 ER PT J AU Luty, A Brustoski, K Petelski, A Brenner, S Kramer, M Bongartz, M Palmer, D Hartgers, F Krzych, U Kremser, P AF Luty, A. Brustoski, K. Petelski, A. Brenner, S. Kramer, M. Bongartz, M. Palmer, D. Hartgers, F. Krzych, U. Kremser, P. TI In utero sensitization to Plasmodium falciparum antigens [MIM-AL-173628] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Tubingen, Inst Trop Med, Tubingen, Germany. Hop Albert Schweitzer, Med Res Unit, Lambarene, Gabon. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Leiden Univ, Dept Parasitol, Med Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S13 EP S14 PG 2 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600019 ER PT J AU Mbah, J Tane, P Ngadjui, B Connolly, J Okunji, C Iwu, M Schuster, B AF Mbah, J. Tane, P. Ngadjui, B. Connolly, J. Okunji, C. Iwu, M. Schuster, B. TI Antiplasmodial agents from the leaves of Glossocalyx brevipes [MIM-JM-268015] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Buea, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Buea, Cameroon. Univ Dschang, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Dschang, Cameroon. Univ Yaounde, Fac Sci, Dept Organ Chem, Yaounde, Cameroon. Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S193 EP S193 PG 1 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600303 ER PT J AU Ogutu, B Kawuondo, K Prudhome, W Remich, S Nanakorn, A Ohrt, C AF Ogutu, B. Kawuondo, K. Prudhome, W. Remich, S. Nanakorn, A. Ohrt, C. TI Microscopy for clinical trials [MIM-KK-38600] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Clin Res Ctr, Walter Read Project, Nairobi, Kenya. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. IDC, Bangkok, Thailand. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S301 EP S302 PG 2 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600483 ER PT J AU Okunji, C Akubue, P Tane, P Efange, S Ononiwu, I Awachie, P Kyle, D Milhous, W Schuster, B Iwu, M AF Okunji, C. Akubue, P. Tane, P. Efange, S. Ononiwu, I. Awachie, P. Kyle, D. Milhous, W. Schuster, B. Iwu, M. TI In vitro antimalarial activity of plants used in traditional medicine in west and central Africa [MIM-CO-512765] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Int Ctr Ethnomed & Drug Dev, Nsukka, Nigeria. Univ Buea, Dept Organ Chem, Buea, Cameroon. Bioresources Dev & Consverat Programme, Abuja, Nigeria. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S194 EP S194 PG 1 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600305 ER PT J AU Plebanski, M Hanley, J Proudfoot, O Pouniotis, D Barbosa, A Brando, C Ware, L Lanar, D AF Plebanski, M. Hanley, J. Proudfoot, O. Pouniotis, D. Barbosa, A. Brando, C. Ware, L. Lanar, D. TI Analysis of an LSA-1 DCTag adjuvanted vaccine [MIM-DI-5985] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Austin Res Inst, Heidelberg, Vic, Australia. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RI Lanar, David/B-3560-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S310 EP S311 PG 2 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600499 ER PT J AU Tane, P Wabo, H Tchimene, M Okunji, C Iwu, M Schuster, B Connolly, J AF Tane, P. Wabo, H. Tchimene, M. Okunji, C. Iwu, M. Schuster, B. Connolly, J. TI Lead antiplasmodial substances from some Cameroonian medicinal plants [MIM-PT-34914] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S195 EP S196 PG 2 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600307 ER PT J AU Thera, M Doumbo, O Coulibaly, D Diallo, D Sagara, I Heppner, G Soisson, L Leach, A Lyke, K Plowe, C AF Thera, M. Doumbo, O. Coulibaly, D. Diallo, D. Sagara, I. Heppner, G. Soisson, L. Leach, A. Lyke, K. Plowe, C. TI Safety and immunogenicity of the WRAIR and GSK biologicals' malaria vaccine candidate AMA-1/AS02A versus rabies vaccine in adults in Bandiagara, Mali [MIM-MT-9315] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Bamako, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Bamako, Mali. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. USAID, Washington, DC USA. GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S85 EP S85 PG 1 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600129 ER PT J AU Wu, Y Miles, A Lambert, L Muratova, O Orcutt, A Sattabongkot, J Keister, D Miller, L Long, C Saul, A AF Wu, Y. Miles, A. Lambert, L. Muratova, O. Orcutt, A. Sattabongkot, J. Keister, D. Miller, L. Long, C. Saul, A. TI Aiming for sustained high-level antibody responses-Formulation of Pfs25 and Pvs25 transmission blocking vaccines [MIM-YW-345345] SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIAID, Malaria Vaccine Dev Branch, Rockville, MD USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PY 2005 VL 95 BP S317 EP S318 PG 2 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V80CY UT WOS:000205415600510 ER PT S AU Hanges, PJ Dorfman, PW Shteynberg, G Bates, AL AF Hanges, Paul J. Dorfman, Peter W. Shteynberg, Gary Bates, Archie L., III BE Mobley, WM Weldon, E TI CULTURE AND LEADERSHIP: A CONNECTIONIST INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL SO ADVANCES IN GLOBAL LEADERSHIP, VOL 4 SE Advances in Global Leadership LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP; VALUES; CATEGORIZATION; PERCEPTIONS; FRAMEWORK; ATTITUDES; BEHAVIOR AB In this paper, we discuss a new information processing model of culture and leadership (Hanges, Lord, & Dickson, 2000). First, we review the older cognitive categorization approach that has been used to explain the relationships between culture, preferred leadership attributes and follower behavior. Then we present a new model based on the connectionist theory of information processing. This model focuses on the connections between concepts in a cognitive network, rather than discrete schemas. Finally, we use the new model to suggest strategies that managers might use to manage a diverse workforce. C1 [Hanges, Paul J.; Shteynberg, Gary] Univ Maryland, Ind Org Psychol Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dorfman, Peter W.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Management, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Bates, Archie L., III] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. RP Hanges, PJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ind Org Psychol Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM Hanges@psyc.umd.edu; pdorfman@nmsu.edu; gshteynberg@psyc.umd.edu; abates@psyc.umd.edu NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 1535-1203 BN 978-0-7623-1160-6 J9 ADV GLOB LEADERSHIP PY 2005 VL 4 BP 7 EP 37 DI 10.1016/S1535-1203(06)04004-4 PG 31 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BOI14 UT WOS:000276694500004 ER PT S AU Hu, H Somiari, SB Copper, J Everly, RD Heckman, C Jordan, R Somiari, R Hooke, J Shriver, CD Liebman, MN AF Hu, H Somiari, SB Copper, J Everly, RD Heckman, C Jordan, R Somiari, R Hooke, J Shriver, CD Liebman, MN BE Wang, L Chen, K Ong, YS TI Can circulating matrix metalloproteinases be predictors of breast cancer? A neural network modeling study SO ADVANCES IN NATURAL COMPUTATION, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC 2005) CY AUG 27-29, 2005 CL Changsha, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Xiangtang Univ, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc, IEEE Control Syst Soc, Int Neural Network Soc, European Neural Network Soc, Chinese Assoc Artificial Intelligence, Japanese Neural Network Soc, Int Fuzzy Syst Assoc, Asia Pacific Neural Network Assembly, Fuzzy Math & Syst Assoc China, Hunan Comp Federat ID INFILTRATING DUCTAL CARCINOMA; DIAGNOSIS AB At Windber Research Institute we have started research programs that use artificial neural networks (ANNs) in the study of breast cancer in order to identify heterogeneous data predictors of patient disease stages. As an initial effort, we have chosen matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as potential biomarker predictors. MMPs have been implicated in the early and late stage development of breast cancer. However, it is unclear whether these proteins hold predictive power for breast disease diagnosis, and we are not aware of any exploratory modeling efforts that address the question. Here we report the development of ANN models employing plasma levels of these proteins for breast disease predictions. C1 Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA 15963 USA. NeuralWare, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Hu, H (reprint author), Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA 15963 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-28323-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3610 BP 1039 EP 1042 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDA22 UT WOS:000232222400138 ER PT S AU Kiserow, DJ Shi, CM Roberts, GW Gross, SM DeSimone, JM AF Kiserow, DJ Shi, CM Roberts, GW Gross, SM DeSimone, JM BE Brunelle, DJ Korn, MR TI Solid-state polymerization of poly(bisphenol A carbonate) facilitated by supercritical carbon dioxide SO ADVANCES IN POLYCARBONATES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Polycarbonate held at the 225th ACS Annual Meeting CY MAR, 2003 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem ID REACTION-KINETICS; POLYCARBONATE; CO2 AB During the solid state polymerization (SSP) of poly(bisphenol A carbonate), both the forward reaction rate constant and the phenol diffusion coefficient inside the polymer particle were significantly higher when SSP was carried out in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)) compared to in atmospheric N-2. These enhancements depended on the reaction conditions, and can be understood in terms of the CO2 concentrations in the polymer. Polymer with a M-w as high as 78100 has been synthesized by SSP with scCO(2) as the sweep fluid. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. USA, Res Off, Div Chem Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kiserow, DJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3887-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 898 BP 86 EP 94 DI 10.1021/bk-2005-0898.ch007 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BCK28 UT WOS:000229697600007 ER PT J AU Goldberg, A AF Goldberg, A TI Dual-band infrared imagery of an atlas 5 launch vehicle in flight SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Imagery acquired with a quantum-well infrared photodetector dual-band infrared focal plane array of the inaugural launch of the Atlas 5 launch vehicle is presented. The focal plane array was developed under the U.S. Army Research Laboratory's Advanced Sensors Federated Laboratory program and used a read-out integrated circuit produced under the Air Force Research Laboratory's Advanced Multi-Quantum Well Technology program. The detectors are able to sense light in both the 3-5- and 8-12-mum atmospheric transmission windows such that the resulting single-band images are pixel registered and simultaneous. The focal plane array was installed in a camera system that used a closed-cycle cooler to operate at 60 K. The camera was placed at the prime focus of an all-reflective telescope on a computer-controlled tracking mount at the Innovative Sensor Technology Evaluation Facility at the Kennedy Space Center. The launch was observed from a distance of 15 kin from the pad. The dual-band camera system was calibrated using standard blackbody sources. The launch vehicle was observed from about 30 s after launch until approximately 4 min after launch. This corresponded to ranges between 15 km and more than 300 km and altitudes from just over 1 km to more than 100 km. Several interesting differences in the structure of the plume were observed. In addition, the hardbody of the rocket was seen in the 8-12-mum imagery but was undetectable in the 3-5-mum imagery. The imagery was unsaturated in both bands allowing us to obtain good measurements of the radiance of the plume in both the principal infrared bands. C1 USA, Res Lab, EO IR Technol Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Goldberg, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, EO IR Technol Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 1 BP 174 EP 183 DI 10.2514/1.8226 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 887PK UT WOS:000226317800017 ER PT J AU Dye, HA Kauffman, LH AF Dye, H. A. Kauffman, Louis H. TI Minimal surface representations of virtual knots and links SO ALGEBRAIC AND GEOMETRIC TOPOLOGY LA English DT Article DE virtual knots; minimal surface representation; bracket polynomial; Kishino knot AB Kuperberg [15] has shown that a virtual knot diagram corresponds (up to generalized Reidemeister moves) to a unique embedding in a thickened surface of minimal genus. If a virtual knot diagram is equivalent to a classical knot diagram then this minimal surface is a sphere. Using this result and a generalised bracket polynomial, we develop methods that may determine whether a virtual knot diagram is non-classical (and hence non-trivial). As examples we show that, except for special cases, link diagrams with a single virtualization and link diagrams with a single virtual crossing are non-classical. C1 US Mil Acad, MADN, MATH, West Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Math Stat & Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Dye, HA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, MADN, MATH, 646 Swift Rd, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM hdye@ttocs.org; kauffman@uic.edu NR 23 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOMETRY & TOPOLOGY PUBLICATIONS PI COVENTRY PA UNIV WARWICK, MATHEMATICS INST, COVENTRY CV4 7AL, ENGLAND SN 1472-2739 J9 ALGEBR GEOM TOPOL JI Algebr. Geom. Topol. PY 2005 VL 5 BP 509 EP 535 DI 10.2140/agt.2005.5.509 PG 27 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 095ZW UT WOS:000241347800021 ER PT S AU Kwon, H Nasrabadi, NM AF Kwon, H Nasrabadi, NM BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Kernel RX: A new nonlinear anomaly detector SO Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XI CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Central Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Def Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida ID HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY AB In this paper we present a nonlinear version of the well-known anomaly detection method referred to as the RX-algorithm. Extending this algorithm to a feature space associated with the original input space via a certain nonlinear mapping function can provide a nonlinear version of the RX-algorithm. This nonlinear RX-algorithm, referred to as the kernel RX-algorithm, is basically intractable mainly due to the high dimensionality of the feature space produced by the non-linear mapping function. However, it is shown that the kernel RX-algorithm can easily be implemented by kernelizing it in terms of kennels which implicitly compute dot products in the nonlinear feature space. Improved performance of the kernel RX-algorithm over the conventional RX-algorithm is shown by testing hyperspectral imagery with military targets. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Kwon, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5791-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5806 BP 35 EP 46 DI 10.1117/12.601834 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCR68 UT WOS:000230952600004 ER PT S AU Rosario, D Galbraith, R AF Rosario, D Galbraith, R BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI The AsemiP anomaly detector: comparative performance in hyperspectral Imagery SO Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XI CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Central Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Def Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE hyperspectral; anomaly detection; large sample theory ID TARGET DETECTION AB Remote collections of hyperspectral sensor imagery (HSI) often produce extremely large data sets that make storage and transmission difficult. Smart reduction of such a large data set has been a challenge. Automatic anomaly detection has been cited as a suitable method for remote processing of HSI, although automatic anomaly detection using HSI is itself a challenging problem owing to the impact of the atmosphere on spectral content and the variability of spectral signatures. In this paper, we present the performance of an anomaly detection algorithm known as an approximation to semiparametric (AsemiP) anomaly detector. This detector was conceptualized and developed in the Army Research Laboratory (ARL), where it became a favorite technique for the intended purpose using HSI. This detector uses fundamental theorems of large sample theory to implement a notion of indirect comparison, and it supersedes an earlier ARL technique that uses a semiparametric (SemiP) model, as a basis for statistical inference. The strength of both algorithms is that no prior knowledge is assumed about the target and/or the clutter statistics, albeit AsemiP has an advantage over SemiP of not using an iterative algorithm which is sensitive to arbitrary initial conditions. The AsemiP anomaly detector was tested using real hyperspectral data and compared to alternative techniques, including a benchmark approach, yielding some good results. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Rosario, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5791-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5806 BP 481 EP 490 DI 10.1117/12.603977 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCR68 UT WOS:000230952600044 ER PT S AU Kwon, H Nasrabadi, NM AF Kwon, H Nasrabadi, NM BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI A comparative study of kernel spectral matched signal detectors for hyperspectral target detection SO Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XI CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Central Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Def Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida ID SUBSPACE DETECTORS AB In this paper, we compare several detection algorithms that are based on spectral matched (subspace) filters. Nonlinear (kernel) versions of these spectral matched (subspace) detectors are also discussed and their performance is compared with the linear versions. These kernel-based detectors exploit the nonlinear correlations between the spectral bands that are ignored by the conventional detectors. Several well-known matched detectors, such as matched subspace detector, orthogonal subspace detector, spectral matched filter and adaptive subspace detector (adaptive cosine estimator) are extended to their corresponding kernel versions by using the idea of kernel-based learning theory. In kernel-based detection algorithms the data is implicitly mapped into a high dimensional kernel feature space by a nonlinear mapping which is associated with a kernel function. The detection algorithm is then derived in the feature space which is kernelized in terms of the kernel functions in order to avoid explicit computation in the high dimensional feature space. Experimental results based on simulated toy-examples and real hyperspectral imagery show that the kernel versions of these detectors outperform the conventional linear detectors. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SE,SE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Kwon, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SE,SE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5791-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5806 BP 827 EP 838 DI 10.1117/12.602182 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCR68 UT WOS:000230952600077 ER PT S AU Nguyen, L Soumekh, M AF Nguyen, L Soumekh, M BE Zeinio, EG Garber, FD TI Suppression of radio frequency interference (RFI) for synchronous impulse reconstruction ultra-wideband radar SO Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Symthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII CY MAR 28-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE synthetic aperture radar; ultra-wideband radar; UWB; radio frequency interference; RFI ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR AB This paper is concerned with the issues associated with the suppression of radio frequency interference (RFI) for a synchronous impulse reconstruction (SIRE) ultra-wideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) that is currently being designed and built at the Army Research Laboratory. In this effort, we are developing the next version of the UWB radar that can employ inexpensive A/D converters to digitize wideband signals using the equivalent time sampling technique. In this presentation, we provide an analytical model for the signature of the RFI sources that are measured via an equivalent time sampling scheme. This formulation reveals spectral as well as temporal properties of the measured RFI signals that would aid a user in developing sniff (passive) data collection strategies for constructing adaptive digital signal processing methods for suppressing RFI sources. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SERU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nguyen, L (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SERU, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5793-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5808 BP 178 EP 184 DI 10.1117/12.603773 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCU80 UT WOS:000231335900019 ER PT S AU Ranney, K Soumekh, M AF Ranney, K Soumekh, M BE Zeinio, EG Garber, FD TI Signal subspace detection in averaged multi-look SAR imagery SO Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Symthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII CY MAR 28-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE Synthetic Aperture Radar; adaptive change detection; multi-pass SAR ID CLUTTER AB Modem Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) signal processing algorithms could retrieve accurate and subtle information regarding a scene that is being interrogated by an airborne radar system. An important reconnaissance problem that is being studied via the use of SAR systems and their sophisticated signal processing methods involves detecting changes in an imaged scene. In these problems, the user interrogates a scene with a SAR system at two different time points (e.g. different days); the resultant two SAR databases that we refer to as reference and test data, are used to determine where targets have entered or left the imaged scene between the two data acquisitions. For instance, Chi band SAR systems have the potential to become a potent tool to determine whether mines have been recently placed in an area. This paper describes an algorithm for detecting changes in averaged multi-look SAR imagery. Averaged multi-look SAR images are preferable to full aperture SAR reconstructions when the imaging algorithm is approximation based (e.g. polar format processing), or motion data are not accurate over a long full aperture. We study the application of a SAR detection method, known as Signal Subspace Processing, that is based on the principles of 2D adaptive filtering. We identify the change detection problem as a binary hypothesis-testing problem, and identify an error signal and its normalized version to determine whether i) there is no change in the imaged scene; or ii) a target has been added to the imaged scene. A statistical analysis of the error signal is provided to show its properties and merits. Results are provided for data collected by an Chi band SAR platform and processed to form non-coherently look-averaged SAR images. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ranney, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5793-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5808 BP 222 EP 233 DI 10.1117/12.603702 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCU80 UT WOS:000231335900023 ER PT J AU Markovic, V Goel, PK Badenhop-Stevens, NE Landoll, JD Li, B Ilich, JZ Skugor, M Nagode, LA Mobley, SL Ha, EJ Hangartner, TN Clairmont, A AF Markovic, V Goel, PK Badenhop-Stevens, NE Landoll, JD Li, B Ilich, JZ Skugor, M Nagode, LA Mobley, SL Ha, EJ Hangartner, TN Clairmont, A TI Calcium supplementation and bone mineral density in females from childhood to young adulthood: a randomized controlled trial SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ADOLESCENT GIRLS; PREADOLESCENT FEMALES; SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT; FOREARM FRACTURES; PREPUBERTAL GIRLS; LONGITUDINAL DATA; BODY-COMPOSITION; DOUBLE-BLIND; MASS; CHILDREN AB Background: Short-term studies established that calcium influences bone accretion during growth. Whether long-term supplementation influences bone accretion in young adults is not known. Objective: This study evaluated the long-term effects of calcium supplementation on bone accretion among females from childhood to young adulthood. Design: A 4-y randomized clinical trial recruited 354 females in pubertal stage 2 and optionally was extended for an additional 3 y. The mean dietary calcium intake of the participants over 7 y was approximate to830 mg/d; calcium-supplemented persons received an additional approximate to670 mg/d. Primary outcome variables were distal and proximal radius bone mineral density (BMD), total-body BMD (TBBMD), and metacarpal cortical indexes. Results: Multivariate analyses of the primary outcomes indicated that calcium-supplementation effects vary overtime. Follow-up univariate analyses indicated that all primary outcomes were significantly larger in the supplemented group than in the placebo group at the year 4 endpoint. However, at the year 7 endpoint, this effect vanished for TBBMD and distal radius BMD. Longitudinal models for TBBMD and proximal radius BMD, according to the time since menarche. showed a highly significant effect of supplementation during the pubertal growth spurt and a diminishing effect thereafter. Post hoe stratifications by compliance-adjusted total calcium intake and by final stature or metacarpal total cross-sectional area showed that calcium effects depend on compliance and body frame. Conclusions: Calcium supplementation significantly influenced bone accretion in young females during the pubertal growth spurt. By young adulthood, significant effects remained at metacarpals and at the forearm of tall persons, which indicated that the calcium requirement for growth is associated with skeletal size. These results may be important for both primary prevention of osteoporosis and prevention of bone fragility fractures during growth. C1 Ohio State Univ, Davis Med Res Ctr, Osteoporosis Prevent & Treatment Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Davis Med Res Ctr, Bone & Mineral Metab Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Davis Med Res Ctr, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Davis Med Res Ctr, Dept Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Davis Med Res Ctr, Dept Nutr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Stat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Biosci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Connecticut, Sch Allied Hlth, Storrs, CT USA. Cleveland Clin, Dept Endocrinol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Nutr Care Directorate, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Wright State Univ, Bone Imaging Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Markovic, V (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Davis Med Res Ctr, Osteoporosis Prevent & Treatment Ctr, 480 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM matkovic.1@osu.edu NR 54 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 81 IS 1 BP 175 EP 188 PG 14 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 886VC UT WOS:000226259800028 ER PT J AU Vogel, P Kell, WM Fritz, DL Parker, MD Schoepp, RJ AF Vogel, P Kell, WM Fritz, DL Parker, MD Schoepp, RJ TI Early events in the pathogenesis of eastern equine encephalitis virus in mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; ALPHAVIRUS INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; INTERFERON; EXPRESSION; PROTECTION; NEURONS AB To elucidate the pathogenesis of eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus infections, we used histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization to track the spread and early cellular targets of viral infection in mice. Young mice were inoculated with virulent EEE virus in their right rear footpad and were followed in a time-course study for 4 days. Virulent EEE virus produced a biphasic illness characterized by an early self-limiting replication phase in peripheral tissues followed by an invariably fatal central nervous system (CNS) phase. In the early extraneural phase, there was primary amplifying replication of virus within fibroblasts at the inoculation site and within osteoblasts in active growth areas of bone that resulted in a transient high-titer viremia. Pathological changes and viral infection were observed as early as 12 hours post-infection (PI) in osteoblasts, skeletal muscle myocytes, and in fibroblasts along fascial sheaths. The severity and extent of infection in peripheral tissues peaked at day I PI. in the neural phase of infection, virus was first detected in the brain on day 1 PI, with rapid interneuronal spread of infection leading to death by day 4 PI. EEE virus appeared to be directly cytopathic for neurons. The very rapid onset and apparently random and widely dispersed infection in the CNS, with concurrent sparing of olfactory neuroepithelium, strongly suggests that invasion of the CNS by EEE occurs by a vascular route, rather than via peripheral nerves or the olfactory neuroepithelium. Our finding that metaphyseal osteoblasts are an early site of amplifying viral replication may explain the higher-titer viremias and higher incidence of neuroinvasion and fulminant encephalitis seen in the young, and may also explain why mature animals become refractory to encephalitis after peripheral inoculation with EEE virus. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Frederick, MD USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Diagnost Syst, Frederick, MD USA. RP Vogel, P (reprint author), Lexicon Genet Inc, 8800 Technol Forest Pl, The Woodlands, TX 77381 USA. EM pvogel@lexgen.com NR 36 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 166 IS 1 BP 159 EP 171 DI 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)62241-9 PG 13 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 883IN UT WOS:000226004900015 PM 15632009 ER PT J AU Leon, LR DuBose, DA Mason, CW AF Leon, LR DuBose, DA Mason, CW TI Heat stress induces a biphasic thermoregulatory response in mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fever; hypothermia; hyperthermia; dehydration; body temperature ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ACUTE HEATSTROKE; SURVIVAL; ISOFLURANE; HYPOTHERMIA; THRESHOLD; MORTALITY; SEPSIS; STROKE; FEVER AB Previous animal models of heat stress have been compromised by methodologies, such as restraint and anesthesia, that have confounded our understanding of the core temperature (T-c) responses elicited by heat stress. Using biotelemetry, we developed a heat stress model to examine T-c responses in conscious, unrestrained C57BL/6J male mice. Before heat stress, mice were acclimated for >4 wk to an ambient temperature (T-a) of 25degreesC. Mice were exposed to T-a of 39.5+/-0.2degreesC, in the absence of food and water, until they reached maximum T-c of 42.4 (n=11), 42.7 (n=12), or 43.0degreesC (n=11), defined as mild, moderate, and extreme heat stress, respectively. Heat stress induced an similar to13% body weight loss that did not differ by final group T-c; however, survival rate was affected by final T-c (100% at 42.4degreesC, 92% at 42.7degreesC, and 46% at 43degreesC). Hypothermia (T-c<34.5&DEG;C) developed after heat stress, with the depth and duration of hypothermia significantly enhanced in the moderate and extreme compared with the mild group. Regardless of heat stress severity, every mouse that transitioned out of hypothermia (survivors only) developed a virtually identical elevation in T-c the next day, but not night, compared with nonheated controls. To test the effect of the recovery T-a, a group of mice (n=5) were acclimated for >4 wk and recovered at T-a of 30degreesC after moderate heat stress. Recovery at 30degreesC resulted in 0% survival within similar to2 h after cessation of heat stress. Using biotelemetry to monitor T-c in the unrestrained mouse, we show that recovery from acute heat stress is associated with prolonged hypothermia followed by an elevation in daytime T-c that is dependent on T-a. These thermoregulatory responses to heat stress are key biomarkers that may provide insight into heat stroke pathophysiology. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Leon, LR (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, 42 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM lisa.leon@na.amedd.army.mil NR 34 TC 52 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 288 IS 1 BP R197 EP R204 DI 10.1152/ajpregu.00046.2004 PG 8 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 878AK UT WOS:000225618500029 PM 15331376 ER PT J AU Rodwin, VG Neuberg, LG AF Rodwin, VG Neuberg, LG TI Infant mortality and income in 4 world cities: New York, London, Paris, and Tokyo SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; HEALTH; SYSTEM; CITY; CARE AB Objectives. We investigated the association between average income or deprivation and infant mortality rate across neighborhoods of 4 world cities. Methods. Using a maximum likelihood negative binomial regression model that controls for births, we analyzed data for 1988-1992 and 1993-1997. Results. In Manhattan, for both periods, we found an association (.05% significance level) between income and infant mortality. In Tokyo, for both periods, and in Paris and London for period 1, we found none (5% significance level). For period 2, the association just missed statistical significance for Paris, whereas for London it was significant (5% level). Conclusions. In stark contrast to Tokyo, Paris, and London, the association of income and infant mortality rate was strongly evident in Manhattan. C1 NYU, Robert F Wagner Grad Sch Publ Serv, New York, NY 10012 USA. USA, Int Longev Ctr, New York, NY USA. Boston Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Rodwin, VG (reprint author), NYU, Robert F Wagner Grad Sch Publ Serv, Puck Bldg,295 Lafayette St, New York, NY 10012 USA. EM victor.rodwin@nyu.edu NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 1 BP 86 EP 90 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.040287 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 884SW UT WOS:000226107500018 PM 15623865 ER PT J AU Spitalny, AD AF Spitalny, AD TI Osteochondral lesions of the Talus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 15-20, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2005 VL 184 IS 4 SU S BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 920VH UT WOS:000228717800043 ER PT J AU Arcara, LK Murphey, MD Gannon, FH Jelinek, JS Flemming, DJ Dinauer, PA AF Arcara, LK Murphey, MD Gannon, FH Jelinek, JS Flemming, DJ Dinauer, PA TI Adamantinoma and osteofibrous dysplasia: Radiologic differentiation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 15-20, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 USAF, Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Orthoped Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2005 VL 184 IS 4 SU S BP 30 EP 30 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 920VH UT WOS:000228717800116 ER PT J AU Hudson, JA Murphy, TF Petermann, G Bush, LA AF Hudson, JA Murphy, TF Petermann, G Bush, LA TI Radiographic detection of misplaced surgical needles SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 15-20, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2005 VL 184 IS 4 SU S BP 42 EP 42 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 920VH UT WOS:000228717800164 ER PT J AU Provenzale, JM York, G Pertella, J DeLong, D AF Provenzale, JM York, G Pertella, J DeLong, D TI Association of internal carotid artery injury with carotid canal fractures in head trauma patients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 15-20, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2005 VL 184 IS 4 SU S BP 42 EP 43 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 920VH UT WOS:000228717800166 ER PT J AU Bui-Mansfield, LT AF Bui-Mansfield, LT TI In jeopardy with aunt minnies in bone SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 15-20, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2005 VL 184 IS 4 SU S BP 83 EP 83 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 920VH UT WOS:000228717800330 ER PT J AU Fisher, ZE Bertagnolli, R Delaplain, C AF Fisher, ZE Bertagnolli, R Delaplain, C TI CT and MRI findings of unusual parasitic infections SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 15-20, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2005 VL 184 IS 4 SU S BP 85 EP 85 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 920VH UT WOS:000228717800342 ER PT J AU Summers, RM Franaszek, M Miller, MT Pickhardt, PJ Choi, JR Schindler, WR AF Summers, RM Franaszek, M Miller, MT Pickhardt, PJ Choi, JR Schindler, WR TI Computer-aided detection of polyps on oral contrast-enhanced CT colonography SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRTUAL COLONOSCOPY; FEASIBILITY C1 Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Summers, RM (reprint author), Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Radiol, 10 Ctr Dr,Bldg 10,Rm 1C660,MSC 1182, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM rms@nih.gov NR 8 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 184 IS 1 BP 105 EP 108 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 890JQ UT WOS:000226507900020 PM 15615958 ER PT J AU Walker, KR Mansfield, LT Grayson, D AF Walker, KR Mansfield, LT Grayson, D TI Soft tissue masses with low signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images ("CHAFT"): A pictorial essay SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 15-20, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2005 VL 184 IS 4 SU S BP 106 EP 106 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 920VH UT WOS:000228717800437 ER PT J AU Shih, RY Lindell, KK AF Shih, RY Lindell, KK TI MRI differential diagnosis of anterior knee pain SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 15-20, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2005 VL 184 IS 4 SU S BP 109 EP 109 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 920VH UT WOS:000228717800451 ER PT J AU Williams, LR Bui-Mansfield, LT Kragh, JF Taylor, DC AF Williams, LR Bui-Mansfield, LT Kragh, JF Taylor, DC TI Imaging of parachute injuries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 15-20, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Bragg, NC USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX USA. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Radiol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped, San Antonio, TX USA. Keller Army Community Hosp, Dept Orthoped, W Point, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2005 VL 184 IS 4 SU S BP 109 EP 109 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 920VH UT WOS:000228717800450 ER PT J AU Bui-Mansfield, LT Eves, J Thomas, D AF Bui-Mansfield, LT Eves, J Thomas, D TI Anatomy, normal variants and abnormalities of the femoral intercondylar notch: A pictorial essay SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 15-20, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. USUHS, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2005 VL 184 IS 4 SU S BP 112 EP 112 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 920VH UT WOS:000228717800466 ER PT J AU Mahlon, MA Rooks, VJ Petermann, GW AF Mahlon, MA Rooks, VJ Petermann, GW TI Congenital anomalies of the external, middle and inner ear and their CT appearance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 15-20, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2005 VL 184 IS 4 SU S BP 130 EP 130 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 920VH UT WOS:000228717800545 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ Gilbert, BC Davis, SW Beall, DP Richardson, RR AF Ly, JQ Gilbert, BC Davis, SW Beall, DP Richardson, RR TI Lymphangioma of the foot SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med Educ, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 184 IS 1 BP 205 EP 206 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 890JQ UT WOS:000226507900037 PM 15615975 ER PT J AU Watt, G Jongsakul, K Ruangvirayuth, R Kantipong, P Silpapojakul, K AF Watt, G Jongsakul, K Ruangvirayuth, R Kantipong, P Silpapojakul, K TI Short report: Prospective evaluation of a multi-test strip for the diagnosis of scrub and murine typhus, leptospirosis, dengue fever, and Salmonella typhi infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS AB A multi-test strip dotblot immunoassay for the diagnosis of typhoid fever, scrub typhus, murine typhus, dengue virus infection and leptospirosis was evaluated in Thai adults presenting to hospital with acute, undifferentiated fever. The kit gave multiple positive test results in 33 of 36 patients with defined infections and was therefore not a useful admission diagnostic tool. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Retrovirol, Bangkok, Thailand. Mae Sot Hosp, Dept Med, Mae Sot, Thailand. Chiangrai Reg Hosp, Dept Med, Chiangrai, Thailand. Prince Songkla Univ, Dept Med, Hat Yai, Thailand. RP Watt, G (reprint author), Mahidol Maryland Univ, Trop Med Res Program, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. EM gwattth@yahoo.com; krisadaj@afrims.org; ronnatrai@hotmail.com; pachareek@hotmail.com; skhachorn@medicine.psu.ac.th NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 BP 10 EP 12 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 900OM UT WOS:000227224200003 PM 15728859 ER PT J AU Hindson, BJ McBride, MT Makarewicz, AJ Henderer, BD Setlur, US Smith, SM Gutierrez, DM Metz, TR Nasarabadi, SL Venkateswaran, KS Farrow, SW Colston, BW Dzenitis, JM AF Hindson, BJ McBride, MT Makarewicz, AJ Henderer, BD Setlur, US Smith, SM Gutierrez, DM Metz, TR Nasarabadi, SL Venkateswaran, KS Farrow, SW Colston, BW Dzenitis, JM TI Autonomous detection of aerosolized biological agents by multiplexed immunoassay with polymerase chain reaction confirmation SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The autonomous pathogen detection system (APDS) is an automated, podium-sized instrument that continuously monitors the air for biological threat agents (bacteria, viruses, and toxins). The system has been developed to warn of a biological attack in critical or high-traffic facilities and at special events. The APDS performs continuous aerosol collection, sample preparation, and detection using multiplexed immunoassay followed by confirmatory PCR using real-time TaqMan assays. We have integrated completely reusable flow-through devices that perform DNA extraction and PCR amplification. The fully integrated system was challenged with aerosolized Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Bacillus globigii, and botulinum toxoid. By coupling highly selective antibody and DNA-based assays, the probability of an APDS reporting a false positive is extremely low. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USA, W Desert Test Ctr, Dugway Proving Grounds, Dugway, UT 84022 USA. RP Dzenitis, JM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM john.m.dzenitis@llnl.gov NR 8 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 1 BP 284 EP 289 DI 10.1021/ac0489014 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 885XS UT WOS:000226191200044 PM 15623307 ER PT J AU Kosch, MJ Pedersen, T Hughes, J Marshall, R Gerken, E Senior, A Sentman, D McCarrick, M Djuth, FT AF Kosch, MJ Pedersen, T Hughes, J Marshall, R Gerken, E Senior, A Sentman, D McCarrick, M Djuth, FT TI Artificial optical emissions at HAARP for pump frequencies near the third and second electron gyro-harmonic SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Meeting on Step Polymerization or Polycondensation CY SEP 26-30, 2004 CL Roanoke, VA DE active exreriments; auroral ionosphere; wave-particle interactions ID HF-RADIO-WAVES; STIMULATED ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS; FIELD-ALIGNED IRREGULARITIES; HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; ENHANCED AIRGLOW; MAGNETIC ZENITH; F-REGION; PLASMA; EISCAT; RADAR AB High-power high-frequency radio waves beamed into the ionosphere cause plasma turbulence, which can accelerate electrons. These electrons collide with the F-layer neutral oxygen causing artificial optical emissions identical to natural aurora. Pumping at electron gyro-harmonic frequencies has special significance as many phenomena change their character. In particular, artificial optical emissions become strongly reduced for the third and higher gyroharmonics. The High frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility is unique in that it can select a frequency near the second gyro-harmonic. On 25 February 2004, HAARP was operated near the third and passed through the second gyro-harmonic for the first time in a weakening ionosphere. Two novel observations are: firstly, a strong enhancement of the artificial optical emission intensity near the second gyro-harmonic, which is opposite to higher gyro-harmonics; secondly, the optical enhancement maximum occurs for frequencies just above the second gyro-harmonic. We provide the first experimental evidence for these effects, which have been predicted theoretically. In addition, irregular optical structures were created when the pump frequency was above the ionospheric critical frequency. C1 USA, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Univ Lancaster, Commun Syst, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Stanford Univ, STARLab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Adv Power Technol, Washington, DC USA. Geospace Res, El Segundo, CA USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. EM m.kosch@lancaster.ac.uk RI Marshall, Robert/D-4202-2015; Marshall, Robert/N-1396-2016; OI Marshall, Robert/0000-0003-0974-1609; Kosch, Michael Jurgen/0000-0003-2846-3915 NR 45 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2005 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1585 EP 1592 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 962BQ UT WOS:000231706400008 ER PT J AU Ein, D Gruchalla, R Baker, JR Bellanti, JA Engler, RAM Jones, JF Martin, BL Routes, JM AF Ein, D Gruchalla, R Baker, JR Bellanti, JA Engler, RAM Jones, JF Martin, BL Routes, JM TI Pre-event smallpox vaccination and postevent exposure and disease: a report of the Joint Task Force on Smallpox Vaccination for Allergists SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLICY; RISK C1 George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Washington, DC USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Ein, D (reprint author), Amer Coll Allergy Asthma & Immunol, 85 W Algonquin Rd,Suite 550, Arlington Hts, IL 60005 USA. EM maryloucallaghan@acaai.org OI Bellanti, Joseph/0000-0002-5038-7202 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 94 IS 1 BP 4 EP 7 PG 4 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 894EN UT WOS:000226773500003 PM 15702806 ER PT S AU Marshall, HP Koh, G Forster, RR AF Marshall, HP Koh, G Forster, RR BE MacAyeal, DR TI Estimating alpine snowpack properties using FMCW radar SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 40, 2005 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ice and Water Interactions CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Portland State Univ, Portland, OR HO Portland State Univ ID ACTIVE MICROWAVE SYSTEM; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; STRATIGRAPHY; COVER; LAYERS AB Large variations in both snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow slope stability are known to exist in the alpine snowpack, caused by wind, topographic and microclimatic effects. This variability makes extrapolation of point measurements of snowpack properties difficult and prone to error, but these types of measurements are used to estimate SWE and stability across entire mountain ranges. Radar technology provides a promising alternative to point measurements, because large areas can be covered quickly and non-intrusively. There is great potential for obtaining information on a large spatial scale from airborne applications. Frequency-modu fated continuous wave (FMCW) radar measurements were made from the ground in several different alpine snowpacks, along with manual and in situ electrical measurements. The surface and ground reflections from the radar data, combined with an average density estimate, can provide a useful estimate of SWE. In addition, the locations of internal reflections are highly correlated with both visually identified layers and measured changes in in situ dielectric properties. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. WSL Swiss Fed Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Marshall, HP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM marshall@colorado.edu RI Marshall, Hans-Peter/A-2374-2010 OI Marshall, Hans-Peter/0000-0002-4852-5637 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-35-0 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2005 VL 40 BP 157 EP 162 DI 10.3189/172756405781813500 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BDX18 UT WOS:000235930300027 ER PT S AU Arcone, SA Spikes, VB Hamilton, GS AF Arcone, Steven A. Spikes, Vandy B. Hamilton, Gordon S. BE Hamilton, G TI Phase structure of radar stratigraphic horizons within Antarctic firn SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 41 2005 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Symposium of the Scientific-Committee on Antarctic Research CY JUL 28-29, 2004 CL Bremen, GERMANY SP Sci Comm Antarct Res ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; WEST ANTARCTICA; HIGH-RESOLUTION; POLAR FIRN; ACCUMULATION; ICE; PLATEAU; VARIABILITY; RECORDS; LAYERS AB We have recorded reflection profiles of firn through large areas of West Antarctica and part of the East Antarctic plateau using 400 MHz short-pulse radar. The locations show accumulation rates that vary from well above to well below the vertical radar resolution. Most reflection horizons have extensive lateral continuity, and are composed of distinctive wavelets with a consistent phase polarity sequence within their successive half-cycles. We modeled these waveforms, and conclude that they arise from thin, double layers of ice over hoar, which is consistent with the standard model of firn stratification. In addition, we conclude that ice/hoar layers are extensive throughout West Antarctica and also present (although more sparsely) beneath the Antarctic Plateau. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Earth Sci Agcy, Stateline, NV 89449 USA. Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Bryand Global Sci Ctr 303, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Arcone, SA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Steven.A.Arcone@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-36-9 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2005 VL 41 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.3189/172756405781813267 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BEL72 UT WOS:000238029800002 ER PT S AU Steig, EJ Mayewski, PA Dixon, DA Kaspari, SD Frey, MM Schneider, DP Arcone, SA Hamilton, GS Spikes, VB Albert, M Meese, D Gow, AJ Shuman, CA White, JWC Sneed, S Flaherty, J Wumkes, M AF Steig, Eric J. Mayewski, Paul A. Dixon, Daniel A. Kaspari, Susan D. Frey, Markus M. Schneider, David P. Arcone, Steven A. Hamilton, Gordon S. Spikes, V. Blue Albert, Mary Meese, Deb Gow, Anthony J. Shuman, Christopher A. White, James W. C. Sneed, Sharon Flaherty, Joseph Wumkes, Mark BE Hamilton, G TI High-resolution ice cores from USITASE (West Antarctica): development and validation of chronologies and determination of precision and accuracy SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 41 2005 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Symposium of the Scientific-Committee on Antarctic Research CY JUL 28-29, 2004 CL Bremen, GERMANY SP Sci Comm Antarct Res ID CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SOUTH-POLE; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; CENTRAL GREENLAND; AIR-TEMPERATURE; PART I; FIRN; RECORD; ACCUMULATION AB Shallow ice cores were obtained from widely distributed sites across the West Antarctic ice sheet, as part of the United States portion of the International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (US ITASE) program. The US ITASE cores have been dated by annual-layer counting, primarily through the identification of summer peaks in non-sea-salt sulfate (nssSO(4)(2-)) concentration. Absolute dating accuracy of better than 2 years and relative dating accuracy better than 1 year is demonstrated by the identification of multiple volcanic marker horizons in each of the cores, Tambora, Indonesia (1815), being the most prominent. Independent validation is provided by the tracing of isochronal layers from site to site using high-frequency ice-penetrating radar observations, and by the timing of mid-winter warming events in stable-isotope ratios, which demonstrate significantly better than 1 year accuracy in the last 20 years. Dating precision to 1 month is demonstrated by the occurrence of summer nitrate peaks and stable-isotope ratios in phase with nssSO(4)(2-), and winter-time sea-salt peaks out of phase, with phase variation of < 1 month. Dating precision and accuracy are uniform with depth, for at least the last 100 years. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Bryand Global Sci Ctr 303, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85271 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Apline Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Glacier Data, Fairbanks, AK 99712 USA. RP Steig, EJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM steig@ess.washington.edu RI White, James/A-7845-2009; Hamilton, Gordon/G-1679-2011; Schneider, David/E-2726-2010; Frey, Markus/G-1756-2012; Steig, Eric/G-9088-2015 OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684; Frey, Markus/0000-0003-0535-0416; Steig, Eric/0000-0002-8191-5549 NR 53 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 11 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-36-9 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2005 VL 41 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.3189/172756405781813311 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BEL72 UT WOS:000238029800012 ER PT J AU Eckart, RE Kolasa, MW Khan, NA Kwan, MD Peele, ME AF Eckart, RE Kolasa, MW Khan, NA Kwan, MD Peele, ME TI Surface electrocardiography and histologic rejection following orthotopic heart transplantation SO ANNALS OF NONINVASIVE ELECTROCARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heart transplant; electrocardiography; repolarization ID QT INTERVAL; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; ARRHYTHMIA RISK; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS; DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; BAZETTS FORMULA; DISPERSION; MORTALITY; REPOLARIZATION AB Background: Intraventricular conduction delay and QT interval dispersion maybe related to electrical instability and the risk of ventricular arrhythmogenesis. The interlead variability of the QT interval on a surface 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) has been associated with an increased likelihood of sudden death in patients with long QT syndromes, in. patients recovering from myocardial infarction, and dilated cardiomyopathy. We sought to, determine the incidence of increased QT(c) dispersion (QT(c-d)) relative to biopsy grade of severity of rejection. Methods: Records of patients having undergone orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) were reviewed focusing specifically on surface ECGs performed in temporal proximity to endomyocardial biopsy. Results: Seventy-five patients were evaluated on 1573 occasions, to include 999 surface ECGs, and 847 endomyocardial biopsies. There were 269 interpretable surface ECGs and endomyocardial biopsies performed within 1.1 +/- 4.6 days. There were no identifiable trends in atrioventricular or intraventricular conduction abnormalities (to include right bundle branch block) when comparing those with and without significant rejection on endomyocardial biopsy. The mean QT(c-d) of those with none (n = 34), mild (n = 194), moderate (n = 39), and severe (n = 2) rejection was 49 +/- 29, 49 +/- 35, 57 +/- 38, 81 +/- 7 ms, respectively (P = 0.28 by ANOVA of means). When comparing those with significant rejection so as to change management there was a trend toward increased dispersion (no to mild rejection, 49 +/- 34 ms vs moderate to severe rejection, 59 +/- 37 ms, P = 0.09). Conclusions: In this study investigating noninvasive ventricular depolarization/repolarization and correlation to histologic manifestation of rejection, there was suggestion, but no statistical significance, of QT(c-d) and severity of rejection. QT(c-d) should not be considered a sensitive marker for OHT rejection. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Eckart, RE (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Dept Med, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM robert.eckart@us.army.mil NR 37 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL FUTURA PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN, MA 01248-5018 USA SN 1082-720X J9 ANN NONINVAS ELECTRO JI Ann. Noninvasive Electrocardiol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 10 IS 1 BP 60 EP 64 DI 10.1111/j.1542-474X.2005.00601.x PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 892EO UT WOS:000226633000009 PM 15649239 ER PT J AU Cheng, H Fang, SC Lavery, JE AF Cheng, H Fang, SC Lavery, JE TI A geometric programming framework for univariate cubic L-1 smoothing splines SO ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Optimization Techniques and Applications (ICOTA) CY DEC 15-17, 2001 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Univ Hong Kong, City Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong Polytech Univ, KC Wong Educ Fdn DE smoothing spline; geometric programming; data fitting; shape preservation; sensitivity analysis AB Univariate cubic L-1 smoothing splines are capable of providing shape-preserving C-1-smooth approximation of multi-scale data. The minimization principle for univariate cubic L-1 smoothing splines results in a nondifferentiable convex optimization problem that, for theoretical treatment and algorithm design, can be formulated as a generalized geometric program. In this framework, a geometric dual with a linear objective function over a convex feasible domain is derived, and a linear system for dual to primal conversion is established. Numerical examples are given to illustrate this approach. Sensitivity analysis for data with uncertainty is presented. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Operat Res Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Lab, Res Off, Div Math, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Tsing Hua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Fang, SC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM hao.cheng@sas.com; fang@eos.ncsu.edu; lavery@arl.aro.army.mil NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-5330 J9 ANN OPER RES JI Ann. Oper. Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 133 IS 1-4 BP 229 EP 248 DI 10.1007/s10479-004-5035-9 PG 20 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 901TN UT WOS:000227304900015 ER PT S AU Ellner, PM Hall, JB AF Ellner, PM Hall, JB GP IEEE TI AMSAA maturity projection model based on Stein estimation SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2005 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS : ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) CY JAN 24-27, 2005 CL Alexandria, VA SP IEEE, IIE, SAE, SLE, Soc Reliabil Engineers, IEST DE reliability growth; reliability projection AB Assessment methods are presented for projecting the impact of corrective actions, or fixes, on system reliability. The presented approach to reliability projection, referred to as AMPM-Stein, addresses the case where all fixes are delayed to the end of the current test phase. The assessment procedure allows for a unified treatment of failure modes. The procedure when applied in this fashion only distinguishes for estimation purposes between modes for which a fix would be attempted if surfaced (B-modes) and those that would not be addressed with a fix even if surfaced (A-modes) through assigned positive and zero fix effectiveness factors (FEFs) for surfaced 13-modes and A-modes, respectively. A projection procedure that can treat failure modes in such a unified manner is necessary in cases where it is not realistic to divide the potential failure modes into an inherent set of A-modes and B-modes. In many instances A-modes are not inherent. Modes could be reclassified from A to B due to repeat occurrences and the necessity of meeting a reliability requirement, additional information, or changes in the level of resources available for corrective action. The AMPM-Stein procedure can also be applied to the case addressed by widely used projection methods for which there is an assumed inherent division between potential failure modes with respect to A-mode/B-mode categorization. Current simulation results indicate that greater accuracy with regard to the MTBF estimates can be achieved by the AMPM-Stein approach even when such an A-mode/B-mode split is valid. In particular, these simulation results indicate that the AMPM-Stein MTBF projections obtained for this case tend to be more accurate than those obtained from the reliability projection method adopted as a standard by the International Electrotechnical Commission. Also the simulations indicate that the AMPM-Stein MTBF assessments based on simple closed form parameter estimators obtained from the method of moments are almost as accurate as the AMPM-Stein assessments that utilize the more computationally intensive maximum likelihood estimators. The AMPM-Stein approach has several additional appealing characteristics. In contrast to current projection methods, the approach precludes the need to assess the arithmetic average of the fix effectiveness factor values that would be realized if all B-modes were to be surfaced. It only requires assessment of FEFs for the surfaced modes that will be mitigated. In addition, the AMPM-Stein approach naturally leads to an expression for the portion of the mitigated system failure rate due to the unsurfaced modes (or unsurfaced B-modes for two classifications). Thus no functional form for this failure rate need be assumed. C1 USA, AMSAA, AMSRD, AMS,LA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Ellner, PM (reprint author), USA, AMSAA, AMSRD, AMS,LA, 392 Hopkins Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM paul.m.ellner@us.army.mil; brian.hall@us.army.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 0-7803-8824-0 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2005 BP 271 EP 277 DI 10.1109/RAMS.2005.1408374 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BCA63 UT WOS:000228469800046 ER PT J AU Gu, YP Kim, KH Ko, DJ Srivastava, S Moul, JW Mcleod, DG Rhim, JS AF Gu, YP Kim, KH Ko, DJ Srivastava, S Moul, JW Mcleod, DG Rhim, JS TI Androgen and androgen receptor antagonist responsive primary African-American benign prostate epithelial cell line SO ANTICANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE benign human prostate cells; African-American; hTERT; androgen; androgen receptor antagonist ID CHROMOSOME 1Q42.2-43; TELOMERASE ACTIVITY; GENETIC CHANGES; CANCER CELLS; IMMORTALIZATION; LNCAP; LOCUS; TRANSFORMATION; PHENOTYPE; FAMILIES AB The generation of suitable in vitro models is critical for understanding the process associated with the development and progression of prostate cancer in high-risk African-American men. However, the generation of long-term human prostate epithelial cell lines derived from primary human prostate epithelium have been unsuccessful due to the absence of in vitro immortalization. We have successfully established an immortal human prostate epithelial cell line from primary benign tissues of African-American prostate cancer patients by using telomerase. The actively proliferating secondary African-American prostate epithelial RC-165N cells, derived front benign prostate tissue of a radical prostatectomy specimen, were transduced through infection with a retrovirus vector expressing the human telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT). A high level of telomerase activity was detected in RC-165N/hTERT cells but not in RC-165N cells. RC-165N/hTERT cells are currently growing well at passage 50 whereas RC-165N cells senesced within passage 3. RC-165N/hTERT cells exhibit epithelial morphology. These immortalized cells showed no cell growth in soft agar, and no tumor formation in SCID mice. The RC165N/hTERT cells express androgen-regulated prostate-specific homobox gene. NKX 3.1 and epithelial cell specific cytokeratin 8, androgen receptor (AR), prostate stem cell antigen and p16, but not PSA. AR protein was detected by Western blot analysis. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Rhim, JS (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Dept Surg, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM jrhim@cpdr.org NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH PI ATHENS PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDRITIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, PO BOX 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE SN 0250-7005 J9 ANTICANCER RES JI Anticancer Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1A BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 913FV UT WOS:000228137900001 PM 15816512 ER PT J AU Larder, BA Wang, D Revell, A Harrigan, R Montaner, J Wegner, S Lane, C AF Larder, BA Wang, D Revell, A Harrigan, R Montaner, J Wegner, S Lane, C TI Treatment history and adherence information significantly improves prediction of virological response by neural networks SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 07-11, 2005 CL Quebec City, CANADA C1 HIV Resistance Response Database Initiat, London, England. BC Ctr Excellence HIV AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada. US Mil Acad, HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2005 VL 10 IS 4 MA 052 BP S57 EP S57 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 965PQ UT WOS:000231963100068 ER PT J AU Wegner, S Larder, BA Wang, D Revell, A Harrigan, R Montaner, J Lane, C AF Wegner, S Larder, BA Wang, D Revell, A Harrigan, R Montaner, J Lane, C TI Global neural network models are superior to single clinic models as general quantitative predictors of virological treatment response SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 07-11, 2005 CL Quebec City, CANADA C1 US Mil Acad, HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. RDI, London, England. BC Ctr Excellence HIV AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada. NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2005 VL 10 IS 4 MA 053 BP S58 EP S58 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 965PQ UT WOS:000231963100069 ER PT S AU Hays, T Keskinocak, P de Lopez, VM AF Hays, T Keskinocak, P de Lopez, VM BE Geunes, J Akcali, E Pardalos, PM Romeijn, HE Shen, ZJ TI Strategies and challenges of Internet grocery retailing logistics SO APPLICATIONS OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND E-COMMERCE RESEARCH SE APPLIED OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Collaboration and Negotiation in Supply Chain Management and E-Commerce CY FEB 26-27, 2002 CL Univ Florida, Ind & Syst Engn Dept, Gainesville, FL SP Natl Sci Fdn HO Univ Florida, Ind & Syst Engn Dept AB One of the most challenging sectors of the retail market today is the grocery segment, specifically e-grocers. Since the mid-1990's multiple companies have entered the e-grocer market. Few have survived. What is it about e-grocers that make them fail? What makes them succeed? What can we learn from yesterday's e-grocers that will enable the new players to stay afloat or even be called "the greatest thing since sliced bread?" Given that the industry is still in "transition," it is difficult to find definite answers to these questions. With the goal of gaining useful insights on these issues, in this chapter we analyze e-grocers, past and present, discuss different business models employed, as well as order fulfillment and delivery strategies. Among the three alternative business models, namely, pure-play online, brick-and-mortar going online, and partnership between brick-and-mortar and pure-play online, we observe that the latter model has a higher success potential by combining the strengths and minimizing the weaknesses of the former two models. We discuss order fulfillment methods used by current and defunct e-grocers, specifically, the mega-warehouse, in-store order fulfillment, and the hybrid store-warehouse, and provide an overview of their relative advantages and disadvantages. We also discuss alternative order delivery methods, including, attended and unattended home delivery, in-store pickup, and third-party pickup locations. We conclude with a discussion on lessons learned from failure and success stories of e-grocers, a summary of current trends and directions, and future opportunities. C1 USA, Huntsville, AL USA. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1384-6485 BN 0-387-23391-1 J9 APPL OPTIMIZAT PY 2005 VL 92 BP 217 EP 252 DI 10.1007/0-387-23392-X_8 PG 36 WC Business; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial SC Business & Economics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BBL89 UT WOS:000226077900008 ER PT J AU Bauer, L Yantz, CL Ryan, LM Warden, DL McCaffrey, RJ AF Bauer, L Yantz, CL Ryan, LM Warden, DL McCaffrey, RJ TI An examination of the california verbal learning test II to detect incomplete effort in a traumatic brain-injury sample SO APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California Verbal Learning Test II; effort testing; traumatic brain-injury AB Clinical neuropsychologists are frequently called on to distinguish people who appear impaired on neuropsychological testing due to putting forth incomplete effort from those who have genuine cognitive deficits. Because traditional measures of effort are becoming accessible over the Internet and within the legal community and their purpose may be obvious to potential malingerers, nontraditional effort measures have been newly investigated. Using discriminant function analysis, this study explores whether five California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition (CVLT-II) variables could differentiate between head-injured patients who were putting forth full effort and those who were putting forth incomplete effort. The discriminant function seemed to best predict those who put forth adequate effort while testing (95.6% correct) but not those who failed to put forth adequate effort during testing (only 13.8% correct). Hence, although the overall classification rate was moderately impressive (75.8%), the model's sensitivity in classification of the incomplete effort group was low. Cautious applications for these findings are discussed. C1 SUNY Albany, Dept Psychol, Albany, NY 12222 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Psychol, New York, NY USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Defense & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP McCaffrey, RJ (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Psychol, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM rm188@albany.edu NR 20 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0908-4282 J9 APPL NEUROPSYCHOL JI Appl. Neuropsychol. PY 2005 VL 12 IS 4 BP 202 EP 207 DI 10.1207/s15324826an1204_3 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 006EH UT WOS:000234877800003 PM 16422661 ER PT J AU Romoser, S Turell, MJ Lerdthusnee, K Neira, A Dohm, D Ludwig, G Wasieloski, L AF Romoser, S Turell, MJ Lerdthusnee, K Neira, A Dohm, D Ludwig, G Wasieloski, L TI Pathogenesis of Rift Valley fever virus in mosquitoes - tracheal conduits & the basal lamina as an extra-cellular barrier SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; CULEX-PIPIENS; ANOPHELES-STEPHENSI; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; BRUGIA-MALAYI; DISSEMINATION; TRANSMISSION; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; VECTOR AB Knowledge of the fate of an arbovirus in a mosquito is fundamental to understanding the mosquito's competence to transmit the virus. When a competent mosquito ingests viremic vertebrate blood, virus infects midgut epithelial cells and replicates, then disseminates to other tissues, including salivary glands and/or ovaries. The virus is then transmitted to the next vertebrate host horizontally via bite and/or vertically to the mosquito's offspring. Not all mosquitoes that ingest virus become infected or, if infected, transmit virus. Several "barriers" to arbovirus passage, and ultimately transmission, have been identified in incompetent or partially competent mosquitoes, including, among others, gut escape barriers and salivary gland infection barriers. The extra-cellular basal lamina around the midgut epithelium and the basal lamina that surrounds the salivary glands may act as such barriers. Midgut basal lamina pore sizes are significantly smaller than arboviruses and ultrastructural evidence suggests that midgut tracheae and tracheoles may provide a means for viruses to circumvent this barrier. Further, irnmunocytochemical evidence indicates the existence of a salivary gland infection barrier in Anopheles stephensi. The basal lamina may prevent access to mosquito cell surface virus receptors and help explain why anopheline mosquitoes are relatively incompetent arbovirus transmitters when compared to culicines. C1 Ohio Univ, Coll Osteopath Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Trop Dis Inst, Athens, OH 45701 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Armed Forces Inst Med Res, Dept Entomol, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Romoser, S (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Coll Osteopath Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Trop Dis Inst, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM romoser@exchange.oucom.ohiou.edu NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 2005 SU 19 BP 89 EP 100 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 984RI UT WOS:000233321600009 ER PT J AU Goodson, LP AF Goodson, LP TI Afghanistan in 2004 - Electoral progress and an opium boom SO ASIAN SURVEY LA English DT Article AB Afghanistan began and ended 2004 on high notes, with a moderate Constitution passed on January 4 and successful presidential elections held in October that created a new cabinet dominated by technocrats in late December. In between, slow progress on reconstruction and state-building was threatened by continuing insecurity and the presence of a booming opium crop. C1 USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. RP Goodson, LP (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0004-4687 J9 ASIAN SURV JI Asian Surv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 45 IS 1 BP 88 EP 97 DI 10.1525/as.2005.45.1.88 PG 10 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 909WS UT WOS:000227892000012 ER PT B AU Leek, M Dooling, R Gleich, O Dent, ML AF Leek, M Dooling, R Gleich, O Dent, ML BE Pressnitzer, D McAdams, S DeCheveigne, A Collet, L TI Discrimination of temporal fine structure by birds and mammals SO AUDITORY SIGNAL PROCESSINGP: PHYSIOLOGY, PSYCHOACOUSTICS, AND MODELS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Hearing CY AUG 24-29, 2003 CL Dourdan, FRANCE ID HARMONIC COMPLEXES; SIGNALS C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Leek, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-21915-3 PY 2005 BP 471 EP 477 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Acoustics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA BBL79 UT WOS:000226030200057 ER PT S AU Weber, BA AF Weber, BA BE Sadjadi, FA TI Symmetry perception for target screening SO Automatic Target Recogniton XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE ATR; target detection; clutter rejection ID CLUTTER REJECTION; IMAGERY AB A shape-based algorithm, designated SPOT, is applied to the output of ARL's, contrast-like feature based, FLIR anomaly target detector in an effort to improve clutter rejection. The shape-based algorithm uses a spatial symmetry operator that discriminates man-made structures in imagery. The method uses no predetermined templates or filters, which would be range and/or aspect dependent, but rather generates templates on-the-fly from the input data. Results explore the application of one such symmetry operator, and present a comparative analysis of target detection performance, based on ROC curves and detection histograms. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Weber, BA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5792-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5807 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.1117/12.602639 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCV38 UT WOS:000231409200003 ER PT S AU Sims, SRF Mills, JA Topiwala, PN AF Sims, SRF Mills, JA Topiwala, PN BE Sadjadi, FA TI Evaluation of video compression for 8-bit and 12-bit IR data with H.264 fidelity range extensions SO Automatic Target Recogniton XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE digital video compression; MPEG; H.264; target recognition; surveillance; detection AB Video compression is critical to many real world applications where the data is being transmitted over data links with limited bandwidth. Previously, information metrics have been used to assess the distortion of target signatures with differing degrees of compression. A recent update to the emerging H.264 standard, called Fidelity Range Extensions (FRExt), permits applications up to 12-bits/sample, and even monochrome only, which are especially relevant for IR applications. This paper tests this new FRExt technology on actual IR sensor data to obtain preliminary results on the compression of 12-bit IR data using state of the art video compression technology. C1 USA, RD&EC, AMSRD, AMR,SG,IP, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Sims, SRF (reprint author), USA, RD&EC, AMSRD, AMR,SG,IP, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5792-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5807 BP 329 EP 340 DI 10.1117/12.603853 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCV38 UT WOS:000231409200032 ER PT J AU Webb, JT Pilmanis, AA AF Webb, JT Pilmanis, AA TI Altitude decompression sickness between 6858 and 9144 m following a 1-h prebreathe SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE DCS; hypobaric; exercise; prebreathe; preoxygenation; venous gas emboli ID EXERCISE; THRESHOLD; BENDS; RISK AB Introduction: The zero prebreathe altitude threshold for developing 5% decompression sickness (DCS) symptoms in men has been reported to be 6248 m (20,500 ft). However, such an altitude threshold when 1 h of oxygen prebreathe is used has not been well documented and was the primary purpose of this study. Methods: The 51 male human subjects were exposed to 9144 m (30,000 ft), 8382 m (27,500 ft), 7620 m (25,000 ft), and/or 6858 m (22,500 ft) for 8 h. They were monitored for symptoms of DCS and venous gas emboli (VGE). Results: DCS symptom incidence after 4 h of exposure decreased with exposure altitude from 87% at 9144 m to 26% at 6858 m. VGE were lower during the 4-h 6858-m exposures (32%) than at the higher altitudes (76-85%). The symptom incidences during the first 4 h of exposure were lower at 6858 m and 7620 m following a 1-h prebreathe as compared with analogous zero-prebreathe exposures. There were no differences between incidences of VGE or DCS at any of the four altitudes after 8 vs. 4 h of exposure. Conclusion: The altitude threshold for 5% DCS symptoms is below 6858 m after 1 h of prebreathe. However, during 6858-m and 7620-m exposures, a 1-h prebreathe is highly beneficial in reducing DCS incidence and delaying the onset of DCS, keeping the incidence to less than 6% during the first 90 min of exposure. Use of 4-h vs. 8-h exposures does not appear to underestimate DCS risk at or above 7620 m. C1 USA, Res Lab, Biosci & Protect Div, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Wyle Labs, Life Sci Syst & Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Webb, JT (reprint author), 13818 Chittim Oak, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. EM james.webb@brooks.af.mil NR 20 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 1 BP 34 EP 38 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 886IC UT WOS:000226219300005 PM 15672984 ER PT J AU McLellan, TM Kamimori, GH Bell, DG Smith, IF Johnson, D Belenky, G AF McLellan, TM Kamimori, GH Bell, DG Smith, IF Johnson, D Belenky, G TI Caffeine maintains vigilance and marksmanship in simulated urban operations with sleep deprivation SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE continuous operations; physical and cognitive performance; ergogenic and cognitive aids ID ACTIVE WAKEFULNESS; EXERCISE ENDURANCE; PROLONGED EXERCISE; PERFORMANCE; ALERTNESS; RESPONSES; MOOD; CATECHOLAMINE; STRESS AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of caffeine (CAF) on physical vigilance, and marksmanship tasks in soldiers during a sustained 55-h field exercise. Methods: There were 30 soldiers (23.6 +/- 4.5 yr, 81.8 +/- 10.3 kg) who were divided into a placebo (PLAC) and a CAF group. After a period of restricted sleep of 3 h during the first night, a period of sustained wakefulness began that ended at 11:00 of the third day. PLAC or CAF doses of 100 mg, 200 mg, 100 mg, and 200 mg were administered at 21:45, 23:45, 01:45, and 03:45, respectively. At 22:00 of day 2, subjects began two cycles of marksmanship, urban operations vigilance, and psychomotor vigilance (PVT) testing which ended at 06:00 of day 3. Results: CAF maintained marksmanship vigilance at 85% throughout the second night as compared with PLAC, who significantly declined to 61.4 +/- 28.2% overnight. Marksmanship accuracy also decreased significantly in PLAC from 95.1 +/- 8.3% to 83.3 +/- 19.2%, but no change was observed in CAF. Urban operations vigilance decreased for both groups over the night, but the decrease was less for CAF (81.2 +/- 14.4% to 63.4 +/- 24.1%) compared with PLAC (77.6 +/- 19.2% to 44.0 +/- 30.2%). Reaction time and the number of major and minor lapses with the PVT significantly increased in PLAC but were unaffected in CAF. Conclusions: It was concluded that CAF was an effective strategy to sustain vigilance and psychomotor performance during military operations involving sleep deprivation. C1 Def R&D Canada, Toronto, ON M3M 3B9, Canada. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Behav Biol, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP McLellan, TM (reprint author), Def R&D Canada, 1133 Sheppar Ave W,POB 2000, Toronto, ON M3M 3B9, Canada. EM tom.mclellan@drdc-rddc.gc.ca NR 30 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 5 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 1 BP 39 EP 45 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 886IC UT WOS:000226219300006 PM 15672985 ER PT J AU Little, SF AF Little, SF TI Anthrax vaccines - A development update SO BIODRUGS LA English DT Review ID RECOMBINANT PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; EXPERIMENTAL INHALATION ANTHRAX; EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; REPORTING SYSTEM VAERS; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; GUINEA-PIGS; SPORE CHALLENGE; ADVERSE EVENTS; LETHAL TOXIN; IMMUNE-RESPONSE AB The current human anthrax vaccines licensed in the US and UK consist of aluminum hydroxide-adsorbed or alum-precipitated culture supernatant material from fermentor cultures of toxigenic noncapsulated strains of Bacillus anthracis. The threat of B. anthracis being used as a biowarfare agent has led to a wider usage of these vaccines, which has heightened concerns regarding the need for frequent boosters and the occasional local reactogenicity associated with vaccination. These concerns have provided the impetus for the development of better characterized vaccines. This review summarizes the work of numerous laboratories in the search for alternative vaccines against anthrax that are well tolerated, provide long-lasting immunity, and are efficacious. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Little, SF (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 153 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 1173-8804 J9 BIODRUGS JI Biodrugs PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 233 EP 245 DI 10.2165/00063030-200519040-00003 PG 13 WC Oncology; Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 960JG UT WOS:000231585900003 PM 16128606 ER PT S AU Lieberman, HR Kramer, FM Montain, SJ Niro, P Young, AJ AF Lieberman, HR Kramer, FM Montain, SJ Niro, P Young, AJ BE Caldwell, JA Wesensten, NJ TI Automated ambulatory assessment of cognitive performance, environmental conditions and motor activity during military operations SO Biomonitoring for Physiological and Cognitive Performance during Military Operations SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomonitoring for Physiological and Cognitive Performance during Military Operations CY MAR 31-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE vigilance; actigraph; sleep; ambulatory; Fourier; vibration; reaction time ID VIGILANCE; MONITOR; SYSTEM AB Until recently scientists had limited opportunities to study human cognitive performance in non-laboratory, fully ambulatory situations. Recently, advances in technology have made it possible to extend behavioral assessment to the field environment. One of the first devices to measure human behavior in the field was the wrist-worn actigraph. This device, now widely employed, can acquire minute-by-minute information on an individual's level of motor activity. Actigraphs can, with reasonable accuracy, distinguish sleep from waking, the most critical and basic aspect of human behavior. However, rapid technologic advances have provided the opportunity to collect much more information from fully ambulatory humans. Our laboratory has developed a series of wrist-worn devices, which are not much larger then a watch, which can assess simple and choice reaction time, vigilance and memory. In addition, the devices can concurrently assess motor activity with much greater temporal resolution then the standard actigraph. Furthermore, they continuously monitor multiple environmental variables including temperature, humidity. sound and light. We have employed these monitors during training and simulated military operations to collect information that would typically be unavailable under such circumstances. In this paper we will describe various versions of the vigilance monitor and how each successive version extended the capabilities of the device. Samples of data from several studies are presented, included studies conducted in harsh field environments during simulated infantry assaults, a Marine Corps Officer training course and mechanized infantry (Stryker) operations. The monitors have been useful for documenting environmental conditions experienced by wearers, studying patterns of sleep and activity and examining the effects of nutritional manipulations on warfighter performance. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Military Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Lieberman, HR (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Military Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5782-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5797 BP 14 EP 23 DI 10.1117/12.601927 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physiology SC Behavioral Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physiology GA BCR90 UT WOS:000230979900003 ER PT S AU Oleng', NO Reifman, J AF Oleng', NO Reifman, J BE Caldwell, JA Wesensten, NJ TI Hybrid approaches to physiologic modeling and prediction SO Biomonitoring for Physiological and Cognitive Performance during Military Operations SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomonitoring for Physiological and Cognitive Performance during Military Operations CY MAR 31-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE hybrid modeling; black-box model; neural networks; physiological modeling ID HEAT AB This paper explores how the accuracy of a first-principles physiological model can be enhanced by integrating data-driven, "black-box" models with the original model to form a "hybrid" model system. Both linear (autoregressive) and nonlinear (neural network) data-driven techniques are separately combined with a first-principles model to predict human body core temperature. Rectal core temperature data from nine volunteers, subject to four 30/10-minute cycles of moderate exercise/rest regimen in both CONTROL and HUMID environmental conditions, are used to develop and test the approach. The results show significant improvements in prediction accuracy, with average improvements of up to 30% for prediction horizons of 20 minutes. The models developed from one subject's data are also used in the prediction of another subject's core temperature. Initial results for this approach for a 20-minute horizon show no significant improvement over the first-principles model by itself. C1 USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Bioinformat Cell, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Oleng', NO (reprint author), USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Bioinformat Cell, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5782-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5797 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.1117/12.605323 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physiology SC Behavioral Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physiology GA BCR90 UT WOS:000230979900021 ER PT J AU Kuzmanovic, DA Elashvili, I Wick, C O'Connell, C Krueger, S AF Kuzmanovic, DA Elashvili, I Wick, C O'Connell, C Krueger, S TI A novel role for the MS2 phage maturation protein as revealed by small angle neutron scattering SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Biopysical-Society CY FEB 12-16, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP Biopys Soc C1 Geocenters Inc, Edgewood, MD USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Edgewood, MD USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 SU S BP 41A EP 42A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 888MM UT WOS:000226378500200 ER PT J AU Carbin, DM Rawale, S Fowler, J Maxwell, L Kaumaya, PTP AF Carbin, DM Rawale, S Fowler, J Maxwell, L Kaumaya, PTP TI Design of an antibody for early detection of ovarian cancer SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th American Peptide Symposium CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Peptide Soc, AAPPTEC, Amer Peptide Co, Amer Hlth/GE Healthcare, Amgen Inc, BACHEM, BIOMOL Int, C S Bio Co, Cambridge Res Biochem, Chemico Int Inc, Chem Today, Eli Lilly & Co, ESCOM Sci Fdn, Genentech, Hofffman-La Roche Inc, Merck Res Lab, Midwest Bio-Tech Inc, NeoMPS Inc, New England BioLabs Inc, Novo Nordisk A/S, Peptides Int Inc, PharmaChem, PolyPeptide Lab Inc, RSP Amino Acide LLC, Senn Chem USA, Sinopep Pharmaceut Inc, SynPep Corp, Synthetech Inc, UCB Bioproducts Inc C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Vaccine Res, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Arthur G James Comprehens Canc Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Gynecol Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2005 VL 80 IS 4 BP 555 EP 555 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 937CC UT WOS:000229901200332 ER PT J AU Powell, B Enama, J Chanh, T AF Powell, B Enama, J Chanh, T TI Mapping protective epitopes for anthrax and plague vaccine antigens by LC-MS/MS SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th American Peptide Symposium CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Peptide Soc, AAPPTEC, Amer Peptide Co, Amer Hlth/GE Healthcare, Amgen Inc, BACHEM, BIOMOL Int, C S Bio Co, Cambridge Res Biochem, Chemico Int Inc, Chem Today, Eli Lilly & Co, ESCOM Sci Fdn, Genentech, Hofffman-La Roche Inc, Merck Res Lab, Midwest Bio-Tech Inc, NeoMPS Inc, New England BioLabs Inc, Novo Nordisk A/S, Peptides Int Inc, PharmaChem, PolyPeptide Lab Inc, RSP Amino Acide LLC, Senn Chem USA, Sinopep Pharmaceut Inc, SynPep Corp, Synthetech Inc, UCB Bioproducts Inc C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Headquarters, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2005 VL 80 IS 4 BP 596 EP 596 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 937CC UT WOS:000229901200521 ER PT J AU Sturm, M Schimel, J Michaelson, G Welker, JM Oberbauer, SF Liston, GE Fahnestock, J Romanovsky, VE AF Sturm, M Schimel, J Michaelson, G Welker, JM Oberbauer, SF Liston, GE Fahnestock, J Romanovsky, VE TI Winter biological processes could help convert arctic tundra to shrubland SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tundra; shrubs; snow; microbes; climate change ID LAND-COVER CHANGE; SNOW-DEPTH; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; MESIC GRASSLAND; AIR-TEMPERATURE; HIGH-LATITUDES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ACTIVE LAYER; COLD SEASON AB In arctic Alaska, air temperatures have warmed 0.5 degrees Celsius (degreesC) per decade for the past 30 years, winter. Over the same period, shrub abundance has increased, perhaps a harbinger of a conversion of tundra to shrubland. Evidence suggests that winter biological processes are contributing to this conversion through a positive feedback that involves the snow-holding capacity of shrubs, the insulating properties of snow, a soil layer that has a high water content because it overlies nearly impermeable permafrost, and hardy microbes that can maintain metabolic activity at temperatures of -6degreesC or lower. Increasing shrub abundance leads to deeper snow, which promotes higher winter soil temperatures, greater microbial activity and more plant-available nitrogen. High levels of soil nitrogen favor shrub growth the follow- summer. With climate models predicting continued warming, large areas of tundra could become converted to shrubland, with winter processes like those described here possibly playing a critical role. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Agr & Forestry Expt Stn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. USAF, Palmer Res Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Biol, Anchorage, AK 99510 USA. Univ Alaska, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Anchorage, AK 99510 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Northwind Inc, Idaho Falls, ID 83405 USA. RP Sturm, M (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. EM mstrum@cmel.usace.army.mil RI Welker, Jeffrey/C-9493-2013 NR 66 TC 328 Z9 343 U1 13 U2 139 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 2005 VL 55 IS 1 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0017:WBPCHC]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 887ZC UT WOS:000226343000009 ER PT J AU Emanuel, PA Fruchey, IR Bailey, AM Dang, JL Niyogi, K Roos, JW Cullin, D Emanuel, DC AF Emanuel, PA Fruchey, IR Bailey, AM Dang, JL Niyogi, K Roos, JW Cullin, D Emanuel, DC TI Automated screening for biological weapons in homeland Defense SO BIOSECURITY AND BIOTERRORISM-BIODEFENSE STRATEGY PRACTICE AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BIOTERRORISM; ANTHRAX AB Biological threat detection programs that collect air samples and monitor for large-scale release of biowarfare agents generate large numbers of samples that must be quickly and accurately screened for the presence of biological agents. An impediment to the rapid analysis of large numbers of environmental biological samples is that manual laboratory processes are time-consuming and require resources to maintain infrastructure, trained personnel, and adequate supplies of testing reagents. An ideal screening system would be capable of processing multiple samples rapidly, cost-effectively, and with minimal personnel. In the present study, we evaluated the Automated Biological Agent Testing System (ABATS) to explore the capability of automation to increase sample throughput, maximize system accuracy, and reduce the analysis costs associated with biological threat agent screening in environmental samples. This study demonstrates the utility of this concept and the potential of an automated system to address the growing environmental monitoring needs of the United States. C1 Joint Program Execut Off Chem & Biol Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. USA, Edgeworth Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Booz Allen Hamilton, Abingdon, MA USA. Towson State Univ, Dept Audiol Speech Language Pathol, Towson, MD USA. RP Emanuel, DC (reprint author), Joint Program Execut Off Chem & Biol Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. EM peter.emanuel@us.army.mil NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1538-7135 J9 BIOSECUR BIOTERROR JI Biosecur. Bioterror. PY 2005 VL 3 IS 1 BP 39 EP 50 DI 10.1089/bsp.2005.3.39 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations GA 919XN UT WOS:000228651000013 PM 15853454 ER PT J AU Olmsted, SS Grabenstein, JD Jain, AK Comerford, W Giambo, P Johnson, P Mopsik, J Zimmerman, SR Lurie, N AF Olmsted, SS Grabenstein, JD Jain, AK Comerford, W Giambo, P Johnson, P Mopsik, J Zimmerman, SR Lurie, N TI Use of an electronic monitoring system for self-reporting smallpox vaccine reactions SO BIOSECURITY AND BIOTERRORISM-BIODEFENSE STRATEGY PRACTICE AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RESPONSES AB Objectives: Tracking vaccine reactions and adverse events during a large-scale vaccination program such as the recent smallpox program or a pandemic flu outbreak will be a challenge. We report on vaccine reaction data collected using a novel telephone- and web-based electronic reporting system. The system was used to monitor vaccinees during the U.S. Army's smallpox vaccination campaign, which was part of the national program to prepare against biological attack. In addition, we report on the time course of events after smallpox vaccination based on the self-reported data and evaluate the validity and reliability of self-reported take information after smallpox vaccination. Methods: A prospective cohort of subjects receiving the smallpox vaccination volunteered to use an electronic monitoring system to track and report their vaccination reactions. Results: Users made 6.8 +/- 6.2 (mean SD) reports using the electronic monitoring system. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of self-reported takes were high, 98.8% and 99.6%, respectively. The vaccination-site reactions progressed faster for revaccinees than first-time vaccinees. Conclusions: Simple-to-use telephone/Internet-based technology allowed detailed self-recording of response to smallpox vaccination among outpatients. Self-reports on site appearance were sufficient to determine vaccine takes in most vaccinees. During a mass vaccination event, an electronic monitoring system could facilitate tracking of vaccine reactions, including providing an early warning system for adverse events, and might reduce the burden associated with follow-up visits with healthcare professionals. C1 RAND Corp, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USA, Med Command, Mil Vaccine Agcy, Falls Church, VA USA. RAND Corp, Arlington, VA USA. Voxiva Inc, Washington, DC USA. ABT Associates Inc, Washington, DC USA. RP Olmsted, SS (reprint author), RAND Corp, 201 N Craig St,Suite 202, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM olmsted@rand.org NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1538-7135 J9 BIOSECUR BIOTERROR JI Biosecur. Bioterror. PY 2005 VL 3 IS 3 BP 198 EP 206 DI 10.1089/bsp.2005.3.198 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations GA 967EV UT WOS:000232075200002 PM 16181042 ER PT J AU Becker, TE Ellsworth, RE Ellsworth, DL Deyarmin, B Hooke, JA Shriver, CD AF Becker, TE Ellsworth, RE Ellsworth, DL Deyarmin, B Hooke, JA Shriver, CD TI Genomic alterations in axillary lymph node metastases are associated with clinical outcomes in patients with breast cancer. SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 08-11, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP San Antonio Canc Inst, Baylor Coll Med, an NCI-Designated Clin Canc Ctr, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Univ Texas San Antonio, Hlth Sci Ctr C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2005 VL 94 SU 1 BP S186 EP S187 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 985VP UT WOS:000233407100506 ER PT J AU Dehqanzada, ZA Storrer, CE Foley, RJ Harris, KA Jama, YH Shriver, CD Ponniah, S Peoples, GE AF Dehqanzada, ZA Storrer, CE Foley, RJ Harris, KA Jama, YH Shriver, CD Ponniah, S Peoples, GE TI Elevated serum MCP-1 level is associated with favorable clinical prognostic factors and immune response and can be induced by a HER2/neu (E75) vaccine in breast cancer patients. SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 08-11, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP San Antonio Canc Inst, Baylor Coll Med, an NCI-Designated Clin Canc Ctr, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Univ Texas San Antonio, Hlth Sci Ctr C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USUHS, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2005 VL 94 SU 1 BP S58 EP S58 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 985VP UT WOS:000233407100157 ER PT J AU Ellsworth, RE Ellsworth, DL Love, B Hoffman, LR Deyarmin, B Hooke, JA Shriver, CD AF Ellsworth, RE Ellsworth, DL Love, B Hoffman, LR Deyarmin, B Hooke, JA Shriver, CD TI Genomic alterations as a pathological aid to classifying ductal carcinoma in situ SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 08-11, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP San Antonio Canc Inst, Baylor Coll Med, an NCI-Designated Clin Canc Ctr, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Univ Texas San Antonio, Hlth Sci Ctr C1 Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2005 VL 94 SU 1 BP S92 EP S92 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 985VP UT WOS:000233407100246 ER PT J AU Field, LA Love, BJ Kane, J Deyarmin, B Hooke, JA Ellsworth, RE Shriver, CD AF Field, LA Love, BJ Kane, J Deyarmin, B Hooke, JA Ellsworth, RE Shriver, CD TI Differential gene expression in normal breast tissue from African American and Caucasian women. SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 08-11, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP San Antonio Canc Inst, Baylor Coll Med, an NCI-Designated Clin Canc Ctr, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Univ Texas San Antonio, Hlth Sci Ctr C1 Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2005 VL 94 SU 1 BP S155 EP S155 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 985VP UT WOS:000233407100418 ER PT J AU Gergich, NL Pfalzer, LA McGarvey, CL Augustine, EA Springer, B Gerber, LH Soballe, PW AF Gergich, NL Pfalzer, LA McGarvey, CL Augustine, EA Springer, B Gerber, LH Soballe, PW TI One year outcomes of an early identification and intervention model to reduce upper extremity morbidity related to breast cancer treatment SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 08-11, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP San Antonio Canc Inst, Baylor Coll Med, an NCI-Designated Clin Canc Ctr, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Univ Texas San Antonio, Hlth Sci Ctr C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 48503 USA. Univ Michigan, Flint, MI 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2005 VL 94 SU 1 BP S269 EP S269 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 985VP UT WOS:000233407100729 ER PT J AU Mansfield, BC Shriver, CD Yip, PF Coleman, TA Hitt, BA Hooke, JA Liebman, M Somiari, S Flynn, J AF Mansfield, BC Shriver, CD Yip, PF Coleman, TA Hitt, BA Hooke, JA Liebman, M Somiari, S Flynn, J TI Serum profiling predictive of invasive breast cancer SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 08-11, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP San Antonio Canc Inst, Baylor Coll Med, an NCI-Designated Clin Canc Ctr, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Univ Texas San Antonio, Hlth Sci Ctr C1 Correl Syst Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Landstuhl, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2005 VL 94 SU 1 BP S85 EP S86 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 985VP UT WOS:000233407100230 ER PT J AU Maskery, S Zhang, Y Hu, H Hooke, J Shriver, CD Liebman, M AF Maskery, S Zhang, Y Hu, H Hooke, J Shriver, CD Liebman, M TI Variation in breast disease co-occurrence frequencies between pre- and post-menopausal women. SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 08-11, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP San Antonio Canc Inst, Baylor Coll Med, an NCI-Designated Clin Canc Ctr, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Univ Texas San Antonio, Hlth Sci Ctr C1 Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2005 VL 94 SU 1 BP S146 EP S147 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 985VP UT WOS:000233407100396 ER PT J AU Ru, Q Zhu, L Silberman, J Jacobs, N Shriver, D AF Ru, Q Zhu, L Silberman, J Jacobs, N Shriver, D TI Serum proteome of breast cancer: a group of proteins related to the invasive stage SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 08-11, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP San Antonio Canc Inst, Baylor Coll Med, an NCI-Designated Clin Canc Ctr, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Univ Texas San Antonio, Hlth Sci Ctr C1 Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Breast Canc Care Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2005 VL 94 SU 1 BP S86 EP S87 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 985VP UT WOS:000233407100232 ER PT J AU Sun, W Zhang, Y Hooke, J Brzeski, H Shriver, CD Liebman, MN AF Sun, W Zhang, Y Hooke, J Brzeski, H Shriver, CD Liebman, MN TI Relationship between educational level and breast cancer. SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 08-11, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP San Antonio Canc Inst, Baylor Coll Med, an NCI-Designated Clin Canc Ctr, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Univ Texas San Antonio, Hlth Sci Ctr C1 Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2005 VL 94 SU 1 BP S150 EP S150 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 985VP UT WOS:000233407100406 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Heckman, C Shriver, CD Becker, T Liebman, MN Brzeski, H AF Yang, Y Heckman, C Shriver, CD Becker, T Liebman, MN Brzeski, H TI Gene expression profiles in white blood cells of patients with breast cancer - correlation with detectability of tumor by mammographic screening. SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 08-11, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP San Antonio Canc Inst, Baylor Coll Med, an NCI-Designated Clin Canc Ctr, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Univ Texas San Antonio, Hlth Sci Ctr C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2005 VL 94 SU 1 BP S59 EP S60 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 985VP UT WOS:000233407100161 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Zhu, L Ru, Q Brzeski, H Liebman, MN Hooke, J Shriver, CD AF Zhang, Y Zhu, L Ru, Q Brzeski, H Liebman, MN Hooke, J Shriver, CD TI Molecular profiling of human breast cancer with serum mass spectrum data. SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 08-11, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP San Antonio Canc Inst, Baylor Coll Med, an NCI-Designated Clin Canc Ctr, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Univ Texas San Antonio, Hlth Sci Ctr C1 Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2005 VL 94 SU 1 BP S213 EP S213 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 985VP UT WOS:000233407100581 ER PT J AU Zhu, L Ru, Q Silberman, J Jacobs, N Shriver, CD AF Zhu, L Ru, Q Silberman, J Jacobs, N Shriver, CD TI Peptide breast cancer biomarkers detectable through blood tests SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 08-11, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP San Antonio Canc Inst, Baylor Coll Med, an NCI-Designated Clin Canc Ctr, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Univ Texas San Antonio, Hlth Sci Ctr C1 Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Breast Canc Care Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2005 VL 94 SU 1 BP S92 EP S92 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 985VP UT WOS:000233407100247 ER PT S AU Green, DJ AF Green, Donald J. BE Thomson, NR TI Macro and micro scale evaluation of contaminant plumes at Aberdeen Proving Ground SO Bringing Groundwater Quality Research to the Watershed Scale SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Groundwater Quality - Bringing Groundwater Quality Research to the Watershed Scale CY JUL 19-22, 2004 CL Waterloo, CANADA SP Univ Waterloo, IAH Canadian Chapter DE aquifers; groundwater; pump and treat; volatile organic compounds ID DECHLORINATION AB Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) is a 123 square mile US Army Installation located on four peninsulas that project into the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland, USA. APG is listed on the US Environmental Protection Agency's National Priority List of the most significant contaminated sites within the US. The installation lies within the Atlantic Coastal Plain characterized by a complex mix of sand and clay lenses interspersed with paleochannels. Twenty-five distinct plumes of groundwater contamination have been identified. Concentrations of contaminants range from 1 to 2 660 000 ug l(-1) and consist of volatile organic compounds, explosive compounds, chemical warfare agent breakdown products, metals and perchlorate. The majority of the contaminants discharge to surface water. However, two municipal water supply systems and one Army water supply have been impacted by these contaminant plumes. The APG Installation Restoration Programme has developed an overall groundwater decision logic to address these diverse contaminant plumes. Due to the geological and chemical heterogeneity of the individual contaminant plumes, a site-specific evaluation of each plume is also required. Factors effecting the site specific evaluation include: aquifer classification, types of contaminants, concentration of contaminants, toxicity of contaminants, sources, DNAPL presence, proximity to receptors and hydrogeology. At present APG is operating three pump and treat systems, a phytoremediation site, and removing contaminants from a 1-MGD municipal water supply system. Feasibility studies to evaluate the cost of cleaning up an additional 12 plumes are being conducted and five plumes are being further characterized. C1 USA, IMNE APG, SHE R, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Green, DJ (reprint author), USA, IMNE APG, SHE R, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-901502-18-3 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2005 VL 297 BP 262 EP 266 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BGN44 UT WOS:000248597800032 ER PT J AU Cohen, SP Narvaez, JC Lebovits, AH Stojanovic, MP AF Cohen, SP Narvaez, JC Lebovits, AH Stojanovic, MP TI Corticosteroid injections for trochanteric bursitis: is fluoroscopy necessary? A pilot study SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Congress of the European-Society-of-Regional-Anaesthesia CY SEP, 2004 CL Athens, GREECE SP European Soc Regional Anaesthesia DE complications; trochanteric bursitis; hormones; corticosteroids; injection; pain; hip; radiology; fluoroscopy ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; EPIDURAL STEROID INJECTIONS; HIP PAIN; GUIDANCE; DIAGNOSIS AB Background. Numerous studies have demonstrated that therapeutic injections carried out to treat a variety of different pain conditions should ideally be performed under radiological guidance because of the propensity for blinded injections to be inaccurate. Although trochanteric bursa injections are commonly performed to treat hip pain, they have never been described using fluoroscopy. Methods. The authors reviewed recorded data on 40 patients who underwent trochanteric bursa injections for hip pain with or without low back pain. The initial needle placement was done blindly, with all subsequent attempts done using fluoroscopic guidance. After bone contact, imaging was used to determine if the needle was positioned on the lateral edge of the greater trochanter (GT). Once this occurred, 1 ml of radiopaque contrast was injected to assess bursa spread. Results. The GT was contacted in 78% of cases and a bursagram obtained in 45% of patients on the first needle placement. In 23% of patients a bursagram was obtained on the second attempt and in another 23% on the third attempt. Four patients (10%) required four or more needle placements before a bursagram was appreciated. Attending physicians obtained a bursagram on the first attempt 53% of the time vs 46% for fellows and 36% for residents (P = 0.64). Older patients were more likely to require multiple injections than younger patients. Conclusions. Radiological confirmation of bursal spread is necessary to ensure that the injectate reaches the area of pathology during trochanteric bursa injections. C1 Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Anesthesiol, Pain Management Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USA, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Loma Linda Univ, Dept Radiol, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Pain Management Ctr, New York, NY USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anaesthesia & Crit Care, MGH Pain Ctr, Boston, MA USA. RP Cohen, SP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Anesthesiol, Pain Management Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM spc5_2OOO@yahoo.com NR 26 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0007-0912 J9 BRIT J ANAESTH JI Br. J. Anaesth. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 94 IS 1 BP 100 EP 106 DI 10.1093/bja/aei012 PG 7 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 889AK UT WOS:000226415700018 PM 15516348 ER PT J AU Woodman, RH Klotz, BR Dowding, RJ AF Woodman, RH Klotz, BR Dowding, RJ TI Evaluation of a dry ball-milling technique as a method for mixing boron carbide and carbon nanotube powders SO CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE mixing; composites; carbides ID CERAMIC-MATRIX NANOCOMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MICROSTRUCTURE; COMPOSITES AB To evaluate the mixing effectiveness of dry ball-milling, multi-walled carbon nanotubes were ball-milled with boron carbide powder, and the resulting mixtures were hot pressed to consolidated tiles. Density, hardness, Young's modulus, and fracture strength of the tiles were measured; all decreased with increasing nanotube content. Microscopic examination revealed that the nanotubes were present in the tiles as micron-sized-and-larger agglomerates. It is concluded that the degree of dispersion of the nanotubes achieved by dry ball-milling was not sufficient to achieve mixing and bonding between the nanotubes and the boron carbide particles. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, AMSRD,ARL,WM MB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21015 USA. RP Woodman, RH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, AMSRD,ARL,WM MB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21015 USA. EM rwoodman@arl.army.mil RI Dowding, Robert/F-1469-2015 OI Dowding, Robert/0000-0002-4763-2131 NR 10 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-8842 J9 CERAM INT JI Ceram. Int. PY 2005 VL 31 IS 5 BP 765 EP 768 DI 10.1016/j.ceramint.2004.08.008 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 929PR UT WOS:000229358700020 ER PT J AU Bansal, NP Zhu, DM AF Bansal, NP Zhu, DM TI Thermal conductivity of zirconia-alumina composites SO CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE composites; thermal conductivity; zirconia; alumina ID AL2O3; ZRO2 AB Ten mole percent of yttria-stabilized zirconia (10YSZ)-alumina composites containing 0-30 mol% alumina were fabricated by hot pressing at 1500 degrees C in vacuum. Thermal conductivity of the composites, determined at various temperatures using a steady-state laser heat flux technique, increased with increase in alumina content. Composites containing 0, 5, and 10 mol% alumina did not show any change in thermal conductivity with temperature. However, those containing 20 and 30 mol% alumina showed a decrease in thermal conductivity with increase in temperature. The measured values of thermal conductivity were in good agreement with those calculated from the Maxwell-Eucken model where one phase is uniformly dispersed within a second major continuous phase. Published by Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. C1 NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. USA, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Bansal, NP (reprint author), NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr, Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Narottam.P.Bansal@nasa.gov NR 17 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-8842 J9 CERAM INT JI Ceram. Int. PY 2005 VL 31 IS 7 BP 911 EP 916 DI 10.1016/j.ceramint.2004.09.018 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 958RC UT WOS:000231464400003 ER PT S AU Alexander, TA Wickenden, AE AF Alexander, TA Wickenden, AE BE Gardner, PJ TI Development of metallic nanostructures for biosensing SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing VI CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE optical tweezer; surface-enhanced-Raman-scattering; electron beam lithography; bacterial spores ID PARTICLES; CELLS; MANIPULATION; TWEEZERS; TRAP AB Surface-Enhanced-Raman-Scattering (SERS) is potentially a very sensitive spectroscopic technique for the detection of biological agents (i.e., proteins, viruses or bacteria). However, since initial reports, its utility has not been realized. Its limited acceptance as a routine analysis technique for biological agents is largely due to the lack of reproducible SERS-active substrates. Most established SERS substrate fabrication schemes are based on self-assembly of the metallic (typically, Au, Ag, Pt, Pd or Cu) particles responsible for enhancement. Further, these protocols do not lend themselves to the stringent control over the enhancing feature shape, size, and placement on a nanometer scale. SERS can be made a more robust and attractive spectroscopic technique for biological agents by developing quantifiable, highly sensitive, and highly selective SERS-active substrates. Electron Beam Lithography (EBL), a semiconductor fabrication technique, can be utilized to address many of the obstacles which have limited the broad acceptance of SERS. Specifically, EBL can be employed to precisely control the shape, size and position (on a nanometer scale) of the SERS substrate enhancing features. Since Ashkin's seminal work in the early 1970s, the optical trapping phenomenon has been broadly accepted as a powerful tool to study micrometer-scale biological particles. Recently, research in our laboratory has demonstrated that it is possible to combine the Optical Trapping phenomenon and SERS to develop a high sensitivity spectroscopic technique for the detection of individual bacterial spores. Highly reproducible SERS-active substrates fabricated using EBL have been utilized with this novel spectroscopic technique to investigate the utility of SERS technique for the spectral discrimination of bacterial spores. The SERS substrate fabrication methodology, substrate reproducibility and SERS spectral reproducibility will be discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SE,EO, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SE,EO, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5780-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5795 BP 30 EP 38 DI 10.1117/12.607358 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BCS51 UT WOS:000231049800004 ER PT S AU Swim, C Vanderbeek, R Emge, D Wong, A AF Swim, C Vanderbeek, R Emge, D Wong, A BE Gardner, PJ TI Update on active chem-bio sensing SO Chemical and Biological Sensing VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing VI CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB The US Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (ECBC) is the leader in development of military systems for chemical and biological defense, in collaboration with all Services, other Government laboratories, academia, and industry. Chemical and biological optical sensing principles, unique capabilities, state-of-the-art sensors, and emerging technologies will be discussed. In order to acquire highly quantified data, study the effects of variables such as particle size distribution on backscatter coefficients, perform iterative aerosol algorithm development, and characterize breadboards, a novel "windowless" Vortex Chamber utilizing air curtains was developed and built at ECBC. The chamber has been successfully shown to contain a cloud of known size, concentration, and particle size distribution for 10-15 minutes. Near-term plans are focused on characterization of breadboards for standoff bio discrimination and deducing absolute backscatter coefficients from Vortex Chamber data. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Swim, C (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5780-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5795 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1117/12.603032 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BCS51 UT WOS:000231049800010 ER PT S AU Desai, S Hohil, ME Bass, H Chambers, J AF Desai, S Hohil, ME Bass, H Chambers, J BE Gardner, PJ TI Reliable classification of high explosive and chemical/biological artillery using acoustic sensors SO Chemical and Biological Sensing VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing VI CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE acoustic sensors; CBRN; chemical; biological; neural networks; wavelets; multiresolutional analysis AB Feature extraction methods based on the discrete wavelet transform and multiresolution analysis are used to develop a robust classification algorithm that reliably discriminates between conventional and simulated chemical/biological artillery rounds via acoustic signals produced during detonation utilizing a generic acoustic sensor. Based on the transient properties of the signature blast distinct characteristics arise within the different acoustic si-natures because high explosive warheads emphasize concussive and shrapnel effects, while chemical/biological warheads are designed to disperse their contents over large areas, therefore employing a slower burning, less intense explosive to mix and spread their contents. The ensuing blast waves are readily characterized by variations in the corresponding peak pressure and rise time of the blast, differences in the ratio of positive pressure amplitude to the negative amplitude, and variations in the overall duration of the resulting waveform. Unique attributes can also be identified that depend upon the properties of the gun tube, projectile speed at the muzzle, and the explosive burn rates of the warhead. The algorithm enables robust classification of various airburst signatures using acoustics. It is capable of being integrated within an existing chemical/biological sensor, a stand-alone generic sensor, or a part of a disparate sensor suite. When emplaced in high-threat areas, this added capability would further provide field personal with advanced battlefield knowledge without the aide of so-called "sniffer" sensors that rely upon air particle information based on direct contact with possible contaminated air. In this work, the discrete wavelet transform is used to extract the predominant components of these characteristics from air burst si-natures at ranges exceeding 2km while maintaining temporal sequence of the data to keep relevance to the transient differences of the airburst si-natures. Highly reliable discrimination is achieved with a feedforward neural network classifier trained on a feature space derived from the distribution of wavelet coefficients and higher frequency details found within different levels of the multiresolution decomposition the neural network then is capable of classifying new airburst signatures as Chemical/Biological or High Explosive. C1 USA, RDECOM, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Desai, S (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5780-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5795 BP 142 EP 152 DI 10.1117/12.603688 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BCS51 UT WOS:000231049800017 ER PT J AU Letant, SE Kane, SR Hart, BR Hadi, MZ Cheng, TC Rastogi, VK Reynolds, JG AF Letant, SE Kane, SR Hart, BR Hadi, MZ Cheng, TC Rastogi, VK Reynolds, JG TI Hydrolysis of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors - organophosphorus acid anhydrolase enzyme immobilization on photoluminescent porous silicon platforms SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SURFACES AB We report on the immobilization of an OPAA enzyme on luminescent porous silicon devices, and on the utilization of this new platform to hydrolyze p-nitrophenyl-soman. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Lockheed Martin Corp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Reynolds, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 700 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM reynolds3@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2005 IS 7 BP 851 EP 853 DI 10.1039/b412215a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 895FB UT WOS:000226845200005 PM 15700058 ER PT J AU Barthelemy, P Prata, CAH Filocamo, SF Immoos, CE Maynor, BW Hashmi, SAN Lee, SJ Grinstaff, MW AF Barthelemy, P Prata, CAH Filocamo, SF Immoos, CE Maynor, BW Hashmi, SAN Lee, SJ Grinstaff, MW TI Supramolecular assemblies of DNA with neutral nucleoside amphiphiles SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CONDENSATION; MICELLES; DELIVERY; SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB A neutral uridine-based amphiphile is described which condenses plasmid DNA. AFM studies show that the three distinct structural components of the amphiphile (i.e, nucleobase, alkyl chains, and poly( ethylene glycol)) are required for the formation of DNA - amphiphile supramolecular assemblies on a mica surface. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Fac Sci Avignon, F-84000 Avignon, France. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Chem, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Grinstaff, MW (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM mgrin@bu.edu OI Grinstaff, Mark/0000-0002-5453-3668 NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2005 IS 10 BP 1261 EP 1263 DI 10.1039/b412670j PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 901ZH UT WOS:000227320300004 PM 15742045 ER PT J AU Morgan, MT Carnahan, MA Finkelstein, S Prata, CAH Degoricija, L Lee, SJ Grinstaff, MW AF Morgan, MT Carnahan, MA Finkelstein, S Prata, CAH Degoricija, L Lee, SJ Grinstaff, MW TI Dendritic supramolecular assemblies for drug delivery SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; UNIMOLECULAR MICELLES; STARBURST DENDRIMERS; CHEMISTRY AB Dendritic supramolecular assemblies were formed in water with Reichardt's dye or the anticancer drug 10-hydroxy-camptothecin and the dendritic macromolecule, ([G4]-PGLSA-OH)(2)-PEG(3400). C1 Boston Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Grinstaff, MW (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM mgrin@bu.edu OI Grinstaff, Mark/0000-0002-5453-3668 NR 26 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2005 IS 34 BP 4309 EP 4311 DI 10.1039/b502411k PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 957JK UT WOS:000231365900017 PM 16113731 ER PT J AU Dillman, JF Phillips, CS Dorsch, LM Croxton, MD Hege, AI Sylvester, AJ Moran, TS Sciuto, AM AF Dillman, JF Phillips, CS Dorsch, LM Croxton, MD Hege, AI Sylvester, AJ Moran, TS Sciuto, AM TI Genomic analysis of rodent pulmonary tissue following bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide exposure SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUSTARD GAS WORKERS; P53 TARGET GENE; SULFUR MUSTARD; CYCLIN-G; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR; BIOLOGICAL FATE; GUINEA-PIG; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; CANCER AB Bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide (sulfur mustard, SM) is a carcinogenic alkylating agent that has been utilized as a chemical warfare agent. To understand the mechanism of SM-induced lung injury, we analyzed global changes in gene expression in a rat lung SM exposure model. Rats were injected in the femoral vein with liquid SM, which circulates directly to the pulmonary vein and then to the lung. Rats were exposed to 1, 3, or 6 mg/kg of SM, and lungs were harvested at 0.5, 1, 3, 6, and 24 h postinjection. Three biological replicates were used for each time point and dose tested. RNA was extracted from the lungs and used as the starting material for the probing of replicate oligonucleotide microarrays. The gene expression data were analyzed using principal component analysis and two-way analysis of variance to identify the genes most significantly changed across time and dose. These genes were ranked by p value and categorized based on molecular function and biological process. Computer-based data mining algorithms revealed several biological processes affected by SM exposure, including protein catabolism, apoptosis, and glycolysis. Several genes that are significantly upregulated in a dose-dependent fashion have been reported as p53 responsive genes, suggesting that cell cycle regulation and p53 activation are involved in the response to SM exposure in the lung. Thus, SM exposure induces transcriptional changes that reveal the cellular response to this potent alkylating agent. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Appl Pharmacol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Neurotoicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Dillman, JF (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Appl Pharmacol Branch, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM James.Dillman@apg.amedd.army.mil OI Harrill, Alison/0000-0001-9429-1897 NR 44 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 18 IS 1 BP 28 EP 34 DI 10.1021/tx049745z PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 889GZ UT WOS:000226432800006 PM 15651846 ER PT B AU Blasko, DJ AF Blasko, Dennis J. BA Blasko, DJ BF Blasko, DJ TI THE CHINESE ARMY TODAY Tradition and transformation for the 21st century INTRODUCTION SO CHINESE ARMY TODAY: TRADITION AND TRANSFORMATION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY SE Asian Security Studies LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Blasko, DJ (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-08740-4 J9 ASIAN SECUR STUD PY 2005 BP 1 EP + PG 19 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BMG07 UT WOS:000272246600002 ER PT B AU Blasko, DJ AF Blasko, Dennis J. BA Blasko, DJ BF Blasko, DJ TI THE CHINESE ARMY TODAY Tradition and transformation for the 21st century PREFACE SO CHINESE ARMY TODAY: TRADITION AND TRANSFORMATION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY SE Asian Security Studies LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Blasko, DJ (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-08740-4 J9 ASIAN SECUR STUD PY 2005 BP XI EP + PG 5 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BMG07 UT WOS:000272246600001 ER PT B AU Blasko, DJ AF Blasko, Dennis J. BA Blasko, DJ BF Blasko, DJ TI WHAT IS THE PLA? SO CHINESE ARMY TODAY: TRADITION AND TRANSFORMATION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY SE Asian Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Blasko, DJ (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-08740-4 J9 ASIAN SECUR STUD PY 2005 BP 16 EP + PG 35 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BMG07 UT WOS:000272246600003 ER PT B AU Blasko, DJ AF Blasko, Dennis J. BA Blasko, DJ BF Blasko, DJ TI WHO IS THE PLA? SO CHINESE ARMY TODAY: TRADITION AND TRANSFORMATION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY SE Asian Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Blasko, DJ (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-08740-4 J9 ASIAN SECUR STUD PY 2005 BP 47 EP + PG 23 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BMG07 UT WOS:000272246600004 ER PT B AU Blasko, DJ AF Blasko, Dennis J. BA Blasko, DJ BF Blasko, DJ TI WHERE IS THE PLA? SO CHINESE ARMY TODAY: TRADITION AND TRANSFORMATION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY SE Asian Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Blasko, DJ (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-08740-4 J9 ASIAN SECUR STUD PY 2005 BP 66 EP + PG 27 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BMG07 UT WOS:000272246600005 ER PT B AU Blasko, DJ AF Blasko, Dennis J. BA Blasko, DJ BF Blasko, DJ TI HOW WILL THE PLA FIGHT? SO CHINESE ARMY TODAY: TRADITION AND TRANSFORMATION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY SE Asian Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Blasko, DJ (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-08740-4 J9 ASIAN SECUR STUD PY 2005 BP 91 EP + PG 33 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BMG07 UT WOS:000272246600006 ER PT B AU Blasko, DJ AF Blasko, Dennis J. BA Blasko, DJ BF Blasko, DJ TI WHAT EQUIPMENT DOES THE PLA USE? SO CHINESE ARMY TODAY: TRADITION AND TRANSFORMATION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY SE Asian Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Blasko, DJ (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-08740-4 J9 ASIAN SECUR STUD PY 2005 BP 121 EP + PG 27 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BMG07 UT WOS:000272246600007 ER PT B AU Blasko, DJ AF Blasko, Dennis J. BA Blasko, DJ BF Blasko, DJ TI HOW DOES THE PLA TRAIN? SO CHINESE ARMY TODAY: TRADITION AND TRANSFORMATION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY SE Asian Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Blasko, DJ (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-08740-4 J9 ASIAN SECUR STUD PY 2005 BP 144 EP + PG 33 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BMG07 UT WOS:000272246600008 ER PT B AU Blasko, DJ AF Blasko, Dennis J. BA Blasko, DJ BF Blasko, DJ TI WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THE PLA IN CHINESE SOCIETY? SO CHINESE ARMY TODAY: TRADITION AND TRANSFORMATION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY SE Asian Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Blasko, DJ (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-08740-4 J9 ASIAN SECUR STUD PY 2005 BP 171 EP + PG 15 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BMG07 UT WOS:000272246600009 ER PT B AU Blasko, DJ AF Blasko, Dennis J. BA Blasko, DJ BF Blasko, DJ TI CONCLUSIONS AND THE GHOSTS OF TIANANMEN SO CHINESE ARMY TODAY: TRADITION AND TRANSFORMATION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY SE Asian Security Studies LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Blasko, DJ (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-08740-4 J9 ASIAN SECUR STUD PY 2005 BP 182 EP + PG 16 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BMG07 UT WOS:000272246600010 ER PT S AU Jenekhe, SA Kiserow, DI AF Jenekhe, SA Kiserow, DI BE Jenekhe, SA Kiserow, DJ TI Chromogenic effects in polymers: An overview of the diverse ways of tuning optical properties in real time SO CHROMOGENIC PHENOMENA IN POLYMERS: TUNABLE OPTICAL PROPERTIES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Chromogenic Phenomena in Polymers CY APR 07-12, 2002 CL Orlando, FL SP ACS Div Polymer Chem ID MULTICOMPONENT CONJUGATED POLYMERS; HIGH-CONTRAST ELECTROCHROMISM; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; HIGH-PRESSURE; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; POLYQUINOLINES; DEVICES; STORAGE; BLENDS AB In this overview chapter we introduce the subject of chromogenic phenomena in polymers and briefly review some of the recent advances in the field. Many external stimuli-responsive phenomena in polymers, including electrochromism, photochromism, photoelectrochromism, and piezochromism are discussed. Relatively new approaches to dynamic tunability of optical properties, such as mechanochromism, tunable electroluminescence and photonic band gap structures in polymers, are also discussed. There are good prospects that future advances in chromogenic polymers, particularly the integration of multiple chromogenic effects in the same material system, will usher in an era of "intelligent" materials for many technological applications. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USA, Res Off, Polymer Chem Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Jenekhe, SA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3830-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 888 BP 2 EP 15 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Optics; Polymer Science GA BBI63 UT WOS:000225634600001 ER PT S AU Kumar, J Liu, W Lee, SH Yang, S Tripathy, S Samuelson, L AF Kumar, J Liu, W Lee, SH Yang, S Tripathy, S Samuelson, L BE Jenekhe, SA Kiserow, DJ TI Enzymatically synthesized electronic and photoactive materials SO CHROMOGENIC PHENOMENA IN POLYMERS: TUNABLE OPTICAL PROPERTIES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Chromogenic Phenomena in Polymers CY APR 07-12, 2002 CL Orlando, FL SP ACS Div Polymer Chem ID CONDUCTING POLYANILINE; CONTAINING POLYMERS AB Electronic and photo-active polymers as a class of advanced materials have attracted a lot of interest during last two decades. Typically these materials are synthesized chemically or electrochemically under harsh conditions such as extremely low pH, toxic catalysts and byproducts. New enzymatic approaches have been developed for the synthesis of electro and photo active polymers such as polyanilines, polyazophenols, and polypyrene derivatives. These enzymatically synthesized materials show interesting optical and electronic properties. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem & Phys, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Mat Sci Team, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kumar, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem & Phys, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3830-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 888 BP 377 EP 387 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Optics; Polymer Science GA BBI63 UT WOS:000225634600029 ER PT S AU Wang, XY Drew, C Lee, SH Senecal, KJ Kumar, J Samuelson, LA AF Wang, XY Drew, C Lee, SH Senecal, KJ Kumar, J Samuelson, LA BE Jenekhe, SA Kiserow, DJ TI Explosive detection by fluorescent electrospun polymer membrane sensor SO CHROMOGENIC PHENOMENA IN POLYMERS: TUNABLE OPTICAL PROPERTIES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Chromogenic Phenomena in Polymers CY APR 07-12, 2002 CL Orlando, FL SP ACS Div Polymer Chem ID OPTICAL SENSORS; OXYGEN SENSORS; FIBERS; FILMS; COMPLEX; PHASE; GAS; PH C1 Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Wang, XY (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RI Senecal, Kris/F-3000-2013 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3830-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 888 BP 388 EP 399 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Optics; Polymer Science GA BBI63 UT WOS:000225634600030 ER PT J AU Tsang, RSW Zollinger, WD AF Tsang, RSW Zollinger, WD TI Serological specificities of murine hybridoma monoclonal antibodies against Neisseria meningitidis serogroups B, C, Y, and W135 and evaluation of their usefulness as serogrouping reagents by indirect whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTISERUM AGAR METHOD; SIAD PCR-ELISA; MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; SLIDE AGGLUTINATION; POLYSIALIC ACID; IDENTIFICATION; POLYSACCHARIDE; INFECTIONS AB Murine hybridoma monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced against the capsular antigens of serogroups B, C, Y, and W135 meningococci. Each serogroup-specific MAb reacted with the extracted capsular polysaccharide from its homologous serogroup only and did not react with capsules from the other three serogroups. The application of these MAbs for serogroup identification of meningococci was demonstrated by their abilities to correctly identify 183 clinical isolates of 185 meningococci recovered from individual invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) patients during routine surveillance in 2002. The remaining two meningococci were identified by PCR grouping as C in one case and Y in another, but neither isolate was positive by bacterial agglutination using rabbit antisera or by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using MAbs. The specificities of the anti-Y and anti-W135 MAbs were further assessed by tests with 37 serogroup W135 and 106 serogroup Y meningococci recovered from IMD cases during 1999 to 2001 and 2003. All 143 meningococci except one serogroup Y isolate were correctly identified by positive reactions with the corresponding MAbs that identified their homologous serogroups. The single serogroup Y isolate was received as nonagglutinable and tested as negative with both rabbit anti-Y antiserum and anti-Y MAb but was positive for the serogroup Y-specific siaD gene. The advantage of using MAbs for serogrouping of meningococci is discussed. C1 Hlth Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Lab Pathogen Neisseria & Vaccine Preventable Bact, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. RP Tsang, RSW (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Lab Pathogen Neisseria & Vaccine Preventable Bact, 1015 Arlington St, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. EM rtsang@hc-sc.gc.ca RI Zollinger, Wendell/B-2887-2011 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 12 IS 1 BP 152 EP 156 DI 10.1128/CDLI.12.1.152-156.2005 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 901GU UT WOS:000227271800021 PM 15643000 ER PT J AU Lowe, KR Mikita, CP AF Lowe, KR Mikita, CP TI A delayed diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in a patient with asthma and allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis. SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 5th Annual Meeting of the Federation-of-Clinical-Immunology-Society CY MAY 12-16, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Fed Clin Immunol Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PY 2005 VL 115 SU 1 BP S158 EP S158 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 926DY UT WOS:000229104400446 ER PT J AU Mikita, CP Holland, SM Nelson, MR AF Mikita, CP Holland, SM Nelson, MR TI An 8 year old girl with recurrent dermatomal herpes outbreaks SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 5th Annual Meeting of the Federation-of-Clinical-Immunology-Society CY MAY 12-16, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Fed Clin Immunol Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIAID, Lab Clin Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PY 2005 VL 115 SU 1 BP S151 EP S152 PG 2 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 926DY UT WOS:000229104400427 ER PT J AU Moratz, C Fleming, S Monestier, M Tsokos, G AF Moratz, C Fleming, S Monestier, M Tsokos, G TI Comparison of anti-DNA antibodies for their ability to restore mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury and remote tissue damage in Rag 1 deficient mice. SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 5th Annual Meeting of the Federation-of-Clinical-Immunology-Society CY MAY 12-16, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Fed Clin Immunol Soc C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Temple Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PY 2005 VL 115 SU 1 BP S218 EP S218 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 926DY UT WOS:000229104400616 ER PT B AU Smith, JM AF Smith, JM BE Smith, JM TI Shallow-water spectral shapes SO Coastal Engineering 2004, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Coastal Engineering CY 2004 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP APL, APS, APSS, Bosh, Rexroth Hydraudyne, BV, Etermar, SA, INAG, Irmaos Cavaco, SA, Somague Engenharia, SA ID BOUSSINESQ EQUATIONS; WAVE SPECTRA; SURFACE; BEACH; MODEL AB Laboratory flume observations and Boussinesq model simulations of wave transformation are used to investigate the evolution of spectral shapes in shallow water. Wave spectra of nonlinear, shallow-water waves both inside and outside the surf zone evolve to the same equilibrium shape (single-peak, double-peak, broad, and narrow incident spectra). The equilibrium shape consists of two slopes, k(-4/3) for kd < 1 and k(-5/2) for kd > 1. Broad incident spectra or multi-peaked spectra evolve to equilibrium over shorter distances than narrow incident spectra. Likewise, the evolution distances shorten as nonlinearity increases. The one-dimensional, time-domain Boussinesq model of Nwogu and Demirbilek (2001) reproduced the spectral evolution both inside and outside the surf zone. The model also simulated the equilibrium range spectral shapes for kd < 1.5. Similar to deepwater spectral evolution, the equilibrium range in shallow water is driven by the nonlinear wave-wave interactions. The evolution in spectral shape from strong harmonic peaks to an equilibrium shape reflects the change in wave shape from a vertical asymmetry to a horizontal asymmetry. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Smith, JM (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-298-2 PY 2005 BP 206 EP 217 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BCO76 UT WOS:000230438500015 ER PT B AU Johnson, BD AF Johnson, BD BE Smith, JM TI Resistance to longshore current over a rippled bed SO Coastal Engineering 2004, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Coastal Engineering CY 2004 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP APL, APS, APSS, Bosh, Rexroth Hydraudyne, BV, Etermar, SA, INAG, Irmaos Cavaco, SA, Somague Engenharia, SA ID SHEAR-STRESS; SURF ZONE; BOTTOM; WAVES AB Data from a laboratory basin experiment are used to examine several models for the time-averaged bottom shear stress over a rippled bed. Obliquely incident irregular waves were generated in a large wave basin equipped with instruments to collect free-surface and velocity measurements over a sand beach. Pumps matched the wave-generated currents, and experimental evidence indicates that the equations can justifiably be simplified by assuming alongshore uniformity. An analysis (published elsewhere) populates the terms in the wave-averaged, depth-integrated alongshore momentum balance with detailed measurements from the laboratory experiment and leaves the bottom shear stress as the residual. The inferred stress acts as the standard forcing used to assess the appropriateness of several models in the surf zone. The quadratic bottom stress parameterization is widely used, and several friction coefficient and roughness models are shown to give varied results, in accordance with the large scatter of coefficient models. The wave and current interaction model based on the work of Grant and Madsen [1979] and modified by others is applied, and the computed stress in the surf zone is found to be overestimated. Finally, the shear stress is estimated by fitting a log-profile to data, and the results are in reasonable agreement with the forcing. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Johnson, BD (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-298-2 PY 2005 BP 1404 EP 1416 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BCO76 UT WOS:000230438501024 ER PT B AU Irish, JL Williams, BP Militello, A Mark, DJ AF Irish, JL Williams, BP Militello, A Mark, DJ BE Smith, JM TI Regional-scale storm-surge modeling of Long Island, New York, USA SO Coastal Engineering 2004, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Coastal Engineering CY 2004 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP APL, APS, APSS, Bosh, Rexroth Hydraudyne, BV, Etermar, SA, INAG, Irmaos Cavaco, SA, Somague Engenharia, SA ID WIND FIELDS AB A shore protection and storm damage reduction study for the south shore of Long Island, New York, USA, from Fire Island Inlet to Montauk Point is being conducted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The study area is subject to flooding by storm surge from the Atlantic Ocean, surge propagation through tidal inlets, wave setup and runup, and barrier island overwash and breaching. By coupling hydrodynamic, wave, and sediment transport models, accurate surge levels can be calculated throughout the project. This paper discusses application of the finite-element circulation model ADCIRC (Luettich et al. 1992), and adjustment of the wind-drag formulation, to simulate surge on the south shore of Long Island. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, N Atlantic Div, New York, NY 10278 USA. RP Irish, JL (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, N Atlantic Div, 26 Fed Plaza, New York, NY 10278 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-298-2 PY 2005 BP 1565 EP 1577 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BCO76 UT WOS:000230438501037 ER PT B AU Kraus, NC Hayashi, K AF Kraus, NC Hayashi, K BE Smith, JM TI Numerical morphologic model of barrier island breaching SO Coastal Engineering 2004, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Coastal Engineering CY 2004 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP APL, APS, APSS, Bosh, Rexroth Hydraudyne, BV, Etermar, SA, INAG, Irmaos Cavaco, SA, Somague Engenharia, SA AB A numerical model of barrier island breaching is presented that is based on an assumed rectangular breach form. Sediment transport is calculated at the bottom and sides of the breach as driven by the Keulegan one-dimensional inlet hydrodynamics equations. Longshore transport is included and can close a breach. Multiple inlets to the same bay can be represented. The model is validated by comparison to laboratory data and to measurements of the 1980 breach at Moriches Inlet, Long Island, New York. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kraus, NC (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-298-2 PY 2005 BP 2120 EP 2132 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BCO76 UT WOS:000230438501082 ER PT B AU Miller, HC Thompson, EF Mcninch, JE Zundel, AK Dennis, WA AF Miller, HC Thompson, EF Mcninch, JE Zundel, AK Dennis, WA BE Smith, JM TI Distinguishing project effects from natural causes SO Coastal Engineering 2004, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Coastal Engineering CY 2004 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP APL, APS, APSS, Bosh, Rexroth Hydraudyne, BV, Etermar, SA, INAG, Irmaos Cavaco, SA, Somague Engenharia, SA AB One of the difficult problems an engineer sometimes faces is distinguishing project effects from natural causes. One approach for resolving this issue is to model the natural evolution and compare that to the measured changes. This paper describes such an opportunity associated with a 50-Km-long dredging project that involved a 30-degree realignment of the ocean bar channel. An extensive monitoring program beginning in September 2000, prior to construction, provides wave and current data along with annual bathymetric surveys. The spectral wave model STWAVE and circulation model ADCIRC were used to determine if the approach was feasible. The measurements show that while the annual wave climate was consistent, easterly wave directions observed 17 Kin from shore are essentially completely filtered out of the nearshore wave records. The anticipated realignment of the ebb shoal after construction of the new channel has not been seen, however, sufficient time for equilibration may not have elapsed to date. Using the offshore data as input, STWAVE reproduced the inshore wave information well. This paper is not intended to be an evaluation of the project effects. The results presented are based on a very limited number of cases and simply demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach for distinguishing project effects. Ebb and flood currents show little preference for the new channel. Bottom currents from the fixed instruments show little seasonal variation. Surface currents, which reflect the effect of waves and winds, were quite different than bottom currents. The ebb-shoal has adjusted very little since construction; however, additional time may be necessary for it to equilibrate. At the mouth of the river, the flood margin channel on the west side appears to have deepened and become more efficient. A conspicuous lack of a flood margin channel on the east side of the river was observed. The wave model, STWAVE, using input from 17 Kin offshore, agreed well with inshore measurements on both sides of the river entrance. Comparing the model results using pre and post-construction bathymetry show very little effect. Comparing circulation patterns and velocities computed with ADCIRC using all three bathymetric surveys also shows no apparent changes. Because the project appears to have had little effect, it is difficult to determine if the approach is effective. We will just have to continue to monitor, model, and evaluate. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab,Field Res Facil, Duck, NC 27949 USA. RP Miller, HC (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab,Field Res Facil, Duck, NC 27949 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-298-2 PY 2005 BP 3264 EP 3276 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BCO76 UT WOS:000230438502085 ER PT B AU Mesa, C AF Mesa, C BE Smith, JM TI Catastrophic core-loc failure at Ventura harbor, California, USA SO Coastal Engineering 2004, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Coastal Engineering CY 2004 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP APL, APS, APSS, Bosh, Rexroth Hydraudyne, BV, Etermar, SA, INAG, Irmaos Cavaco, SA, Somague Engenharia, SA AB On 31 January 2000, storm waves severely damaged the north head of the detached breakwater at Ventura Harbor, California. The damages consisted of complete displacement of the CORE-LOC armor units. This paper is a forensic evaluation of the cause(s) and effect(s) of these storm damages. This paper reviews the design, describes the post-storm field data collection and analysis, and includes analysis and discussion of various project aspects that were contributing factors to the structure failure. C1 USA, Corps Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90017 USA. RP Mesa, C (reprint author), USA, Corps Engn, Los Angeles Dist,915 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90017 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-298-2 PY 2005 BP 3469 EP 3480 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BCO76 UT WOS:000230438503007 ER PT J AU Kuo, AY Park, K Kim, SC Lin, JG AF Kuo, AY Park, K Kim, SC Lin, JG TI A tidal prism water quality model for small coastal basins SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE eutrophication; small coastal basins; tidal prism; Virginia; water quality model ID MULTISTEP COMPUTATION SCHEME; CHESAPEAKE BAY; EMBAYMENTS AB A tidal prism water quality, model (TPWQM) was developed to provide a tool for government agencies for water quality management of small coastal basins. It simulates physical transport using the concept of tidal flushing, includes one of the most sophisticated representations of eutrophication processes in water column and benthic sediment, and employs an innovative solution scheme that is simple, accurate, and computationally efficient. The predictive capability of the water column portion of TPWQM was demonstrated through successful calibration and validation of the model with extensive data sets collected from Lynnhaven Bay, Virginia. The model's general applicability was examined for four other Virginia coastal basins. One value (0.3) of the returning ratio, the only calibration parameter for physical transport, is applicable to all five coastal basins and probably would be adequate for other Virginia coastal basins without further calibration. The values of kinetic parameters determined for Lynnhaven Bay are applicable to at least two of the other four coastal basins. The model underpredicts chlorophyll-a, total carbon, and total phosphorus in two of the tested basins, which is more likely the result of underpredicted nonpoint source loads than the inaccuracy of the kinetic coefficients. Therefore, the set of kinetic coefficients may be applicable to all the Virginia coastal basins with basin-specific refinement in the estimation of nonpoint source loads. C1 Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Park, K (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Blvd, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. EM kpark@jaguar1.usouthal.edu NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PD JAN-MAR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 101 EP 117 DI 10.1080/08920750590883015 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 886CZ UT WOS:000226205800007 ER PT S AU Kirsch, J Jones, B Johnson, J Chenault, D Pezzaniti, L AF Kirsch, J Jones, B Johnson, J Chenault, D Pezzaniti, L BE Hopper, DG Forsythe, EW Morton, DC Bradford, CE Girolamo, HJ TI Improvements in the dual LCD-based stereo display SO Cockpit and Future Displays for Defense and Security SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cockpit and Future Displays for Defense and Security CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE stereoscopic display; LCD; 3D; polarization encoding; flat panel AB The benefits of stereo vision are numerous and quickly become apparent when attempting to perform simple tasks without the aid of stereo cues. The proliferation of remotely operated vehicles and indirect viewing applications has resulted in an increased need to see the operational environment in stereo. Several approaches to the display of stereo imagery have been demonstrated. Stereoscopic displays typically require the user to wear special headgear. Autostereoscopic displays require no headgear but typically have tight limitations on the position of the viewer's head. Previous papers have described a new type of stereoscopic display based on dual liquid crystal displays. The new display provides a stereo view without temporal or spatial multiplexing. Several prototype displays have been built and demonstrated to potential users with favorable reviews. With a successful proof-of-principle prototype completed, the effort is focusing on improvements to the image quality, consolidating the electronics, and packaging the display for use in rugged environments. The results of this effort should produce a rugged, compact, multiuse stereo display. C1 USA, AMRDEC, AMSRD, AMR,WS,PL, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Kirsch, J (reprint author), USA, AMRDEC, AMSRD, AMR,WS,PL, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5786-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 BP 75 EP 89 DI 10.1117/12.606154 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BCT29 UT WOS:000231114800009 ER PT S AU Sampson, JB AF Sampson, JB BE Hopper, DG Forsythe, EW Morton, DC Bradford, CE Girolamo, HJ TI Intuitive engineering, human factors, and the design of future interfaces SO Cockpit and Future Displays for Defense and Security SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cockpit and Future Displays for Defense and Security CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE interface design; human factors engineering; intuitive engineering; mental imagery; visual thinking AB Human factors engineering (HFE) professionals complain that they are often called in after-the-fact to help correct human interface problems. They believe many design flaws can be avoided if design teams involve them early on. However, in the case of innovative technology, such post hoc human factors may not be avoidable unless the inventor is also a human factors engineer or the prospective user. In rare cases an inventor of a new technology has an intuitive understanding of human engineering principles and knows well the capabilities and limitations of operators. This paper outlines the importance of focusing on the user-system interface and encouraging engineers to develop their own intuitive sense of users through mental imagery. If design engineers start with a clear mental picture of a specific user and task rather than generalities of use, fewer interface problems are likely to be encountered later in development. Successful technology innovators often use a visual thinking approach in the development of new concepts. Examples are presented to illustrate the successful application of intuitive design. An approach is offered on how designers can improve their non-verbal thinking skills. The author shares the view that the mission of HFE should not be to make system developers dependent on the small community of HF experts but rather to help them learn the value of applying user-centered design techniques. C1 USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Sampson, JB (reprint author), USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5786-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 BP 179 EP 184 DI 10.1117/12.603109 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BCT29 UT WOS:000231114800020 ER PT S AU Draper, RS Wood, MV Radmard, B Mahmud, K Schuler, P Sotzing, GA Seshadri, V Mino, W Padilla, J Otero, TF AF Draper, RS Wood, MV Radmard, B Mahmud, K Schuler, P Sotzing, GA Seshadri, V Mino, W Padilla, J Otero, TF BE Hopper, DG Forsythe, EW Morton, DC Bradford, CE Girolamo, HJ TI Electrochromic variable transmission optical combiner SO Cockpit and Future Displays for Defense and Security SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cockpit and Future Displays for Defense and Security CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE electrochromic; variable transmission; head mounted display; HMD; combiner AB Complementary coloring conducting polymer based electrochromic devices have been designed, fabricated and tested for possible application as a variable attenuation combiner element for a see-through head mounted display or a variable trasnsmissive sand wind dust goggle lens. Electrochromic cells fabricated on both glass and polycarbonate substrates have been demonstrated to meet closely the desired goals of low power consumption, wide transmission range, fast switching speeds and long lifetime. Photopic transmissions of 34% in colored state and 67% in bleached state were achieved in a reproducible manner. The measured switching times are 0.6 sec (colored to bleached state) and 1.9 sec (bleached to colored state). The life cycle testing showed stability up to 92,000 switches. The measured power consumption of the fabricated devices was < 1 mW/cm(2). The electrochromic technology design effort has identified processes for obtaining the optimum layer thickness and selecting polymers and gel electrolytes necessary to obtain the widest transmission range, fastest switching speed and longest lifetime. Early environmental testing has been performed by subjecting prototype electrochromic cells to temperatures varying from -30 degrees C to + 40 degrees C with the results reported herein. Follow on work includes further optimization of electronic drive schemes as well as field testing of electrochromic lens equipped sand, wind dust goggles. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Draper, RS (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RI OTERO, TORIBIO/C-8348-2009 OI OTERO, TORIBIO/0000-0002-8517-1428 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5786-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 BP 268 EP 277 DI 10.1117/12.609036 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BCT29 UT WOS:000231114800029 ER PT J AU Drew, C Wang, XY Bruno, FF Samuelson, LA Kumar, J AF Drew, C Wang, XY Bruno, FF Samuelson, LA Kumar, J TI Electrospun polymer nanotibers coated with metal oxides by liquid phase deposition SO COMPOSITE INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE electrospinning; metal oxide; nanofiber; aqueous deposition; titanium dioxide ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; THIN-FILMS; GLASS AB Polyacrylonitrile fibers were electrospun yielding diameters in the range of 50 to 200 nm. These nanotibers were then immersed in an aqueous coating solution to deposit a continuous film of titanium dioxide on the surface. In order to shorten the coating time and optimize the metal oxide layer thickness, the fibers were surface functionalized by immersion in sodium hydroxide to have carboxylic acid groups. Polyelectrolytes were electrostatically adsorbed to some of the functionalized fiber surface samples prior to metal oxide deposition. The metal oxide nucleation density was compared after three hours for nanofibers with a cationic surface, an anionic surface, a carboxylic acid surface, and an untreated surface. Fibers with the carboxylic acid surface exhibited the highest nucleation density, which led to the shortest coating time. Such polymer-metal oxide nanoscale composite structures are expected to be of great utility in a number of applications, including sensors, photovoltaic cells, and catalytic surfaces. C1 Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, RDECOM Natick Soldier Ctr, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kumar, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM Jayant_kumar@uml.edu NR 15 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 15 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6440 J9 COMPOS INTERFACE JI Compos. Interfaces PY 2005 VL 11 IS 8-9 BP 711 EP 724 DI 10.1163/1568554053148744 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 910MF UT WOS:000227934800013 ER PT J AU Markicevic, B Heider, D Advani, SG Walsh, S AF Markicevic, B Heider, D Advani, SG Walsh, S TI Stochastic modeling of preform heterogeneity to address dry spots formation in the VARTM process SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE preform; porosity; computational modeling; resinflow ID TRANSFER MOLDING RTM; FIBROUS REINFORCEMENTS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; PROCESS VARIABLES; POROUS-MEDIUM; PERMEABILITY; RESIN; IMPREGNATION; MEDIA; FLOW AB Dry spot fort-nation during the filling process was investigated for a system consisting of a heterogeneous porous medium coupled with a homogeneous porous layer. This system is representative of a composite manufacturing process in which the resin is introduced through an injection gate into a mold containing stacks of woven fabrics and a vacuum is drawn at the downstream end to impregnate the fibers. Dry spots are the regions that are not impregnated by the resin when the resin reaches the vent. The heterogeneity of the porous medium was quantified by modeling it with by-pass paths. They represent the gaps at the intersections of fiber tows in woven fabrics and have a larger permeability than the bulk porous medium permeability. When these fabrics are stacked to form a preform before injecting the resin, it is probable that some of these gaps across the thickness for all the layers would be inline creating the by-pass path for the resin. Hence, the need for stochastic modeling and random distribution of these by-pass paths. A log-normal distribution, K-bp&SIM; LN(μ,σ(κ)) was chosen to describe their formation. A five-parameter space was defined to describe the stochastic system. Numerical simulations of resin flow in this space for discrete combinations of the parameters were performed and the dry spot content (c(DR)) was obtained. The average dry spot content ((c) over bar (DR)) and its standard deviation (UDR) were calculated by conducting sufficient number of simulations with random placement of by-pass paths for each set of parameters. It was found that ((c) over bar (DR)) and (σ(DR)) depends on (σ(K)), but the influence of (σ(K)) on (c(DR)) and (σ(DR)) can be altered by adjusting other parameters. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Advani, SG (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM advani@me.udel.edu NR 25 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2005 VL 36 IS 6 BP 851 EP 858 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.09.002 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 925OV UT WOS:000229063300012 ER PT S AU Templeton, DW Holmquist, TJ AF Templeton, DW Holmquist, TJ BE SanchezGalvez, V Brebbia, CA Motta, AA Anderson, CE TI A computational study of ballistic transparencies SO Computational Ballistics II SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON MODELLING AND SIMULATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Computational Ballistics CY MAY 18-20, 2005 CL Cordoba, SPAIN SP Wessex Inst Technol, WIT Transact Modelling & Simulat DE ballistic transparencies; simulations; hydrocodes AB A computational study of ballistic transparencies was undertaken to explore the current capabilities and limitations of such simulations. Ballistic impacts into a selected number of laminate transparency designs were simulated using the Lagrangian hydrocode EPIC, and comparisons made to experimental data. The results are discussed, along with recommendations for future work. C1 USA, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI USA. RP Templeton, DW (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1746-4064 BN 1-84564-015-2 J9 WIT TRANS MODEL SIM PY 2005 VL 40 BP 171 EP 179 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics GA BCQ06 UT WOS:000230646700017 ER PT S AU Cornwell, CF Noack, RW AF Cornwell, CF Noack, RW BE Brebbia, CA Mammoli, AA TI Three-dimensional digital microstructure SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS AND EXPERIMENTS IN MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION II SE WIT Transactions on Engineering Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Computation Methods and Experiments in Materials Characterisation CY NOV 02-04, 2005 CL Portland, ME SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ New Mexico, WIT Transaction Engn Sci AB We report on a systematic means of generating a finite element (FE) mesh for realistic three-dimensional (3D) microstructure systems that are suitable for FE analysis. The relationship between a materials microstructure and its properties are well documented and drive efforts to model the substructure evolution of textured materials. An accurate 3D computer representation of the microstructure arrangement of a material is essential to modeling the behavior and performance of materials at the microstructure level. We describe a method that uses a combination of experimental and computational techniques to produce an accurate statistical representation of its microstructure arrangement. The experimental results are used to guide the construction of the abstract 3D digital model and to provide a quantitative measure for gauging the accuracy and quality of the model upon completion. Information about the size, shape, and orientation of the grains as well as the crystallographic orientation and miss-orientation between adjacent grains can be reproduced. A 3D advancing front grid-generating technique then uses this information to produce a tetrahedral volume mesh for the material that is suitable for FE analysis. C1 USA, Res Lab, Dept Army, High Performance Technol Inc, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Cornwell, CF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Dept Army, High Performance Technol Inc, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1746-4471 BN 1-84564-031-4 J9 WIT TRANS ENG SCI PY 2005 VL 51 BP 251 EP 257 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BDY97 UT WOS:000236277400024 ER PT S AU Tracy, FT Donnell, BP Howington, SE Hensley, JL AF Tracy, FT Donnell, BP Howington, SE Hensley, JL BE Sunderam, VS VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, JJ TI Application of the pseudo-transient technique to a real-world unsaturated flow groundwater problem SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2005, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2005) CY MAY 22-25, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Intel Corp, IBM Corp, Microsoft Res, SGI Silicon Graph, Emory Univ, Dpet Math & Comp Sci, Emory Univ, Inst Comparat & Int Studies, Emory Univ, Emory Coll, Emory Univ, Off Provost, Emory Univ, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Springer AB Modeling unsaturated flow using numerical techniques such as the finite element method can be especially difficult because of the highly nonlinear nature of the governing equations. This problem is even more challenging when a steady-state solution is needed. This paper describes the implementation of a pseudo-transient technique to drive the solution to steady-state and gives results for a real-world problem. The application discussed in this paper does not converge using a traditional Picard nonlinear iteration type finite element solution. Therefore, an alternate technique needed to be developed and tested. C1 ERDC, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-26032-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3514 BP 66 EP 73 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCO47 UT WOS:000230414400009 ER PT S AU Cheng, JRC Hunter, RM Cheng, HP Richards, DR AF Cheng, JRC Hunter, RM Cheng, HP Richards, DR BE Sunderam, VS VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, JJ TI A parallel software development for watershed simulations SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2005, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2005) CY MAY 22-25, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Intel Corp, IBM Corp, Microsoft Res, SGI Silicon Graph, Emory Univ, Dpet Math & Comp Sci, Emory Univ, Inst Comparat & Int Studies, Emory Univ, Emory Coll, Emory Univ, Off Provost, Emory Univ, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Springer AB A watershed software application is designed to model a coupled system of multiple physics on multiple domains. Tremendous computational resources are required to integrate the system equations on large spatial domains with multiple temporal scales among them. Supported by the Department of Defense Common High Performance Computing Software Initiative, the parallel WASH123D software development aims to efficiently simulate one aspect (i.e., soil and land) of the battlespace environment. Currently, the coupled two-dimensional overland and three-dimensional subsurface flows have been completed. Different numerical approaches are implemented to solve different components of the coupled system. The parallelization of such a complex system is developed on an IT-based approach-modular, hierarchical model construction, portable, scalable, and embedded parallel computational tools development and integration. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the successful implementation of the parallel algorithms. Detailed profiling is also provided to show the imposed light-weight communication overhead. C1 USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Major Shared Resource Ctr, Informat Technol Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Cheng, JRC (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Major Shared Resource Ctr, Informat Technol Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM ruth.c.cheng@erdc.usace.army.mil; robert.m.hunter@erdc.usace.army.mil; hwai-ping.cheng@erdc.usace.army.mil; david.r.richards@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-26032-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3514 BP 460 EP 468 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCO47 UT WOS:000230414400057 ER PT J AU Johnson, AR Chen, TK AF Johnson, AR Chen, TK TI Approximating thermo-viscoelastic heating of largely strained solid rubber components SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference on Mathematics of Finite Elements and Applications (MAFELAP 2003) CY JUN 21-24, 2003 CL Brunel Univ, Uxbridge, ENGLAND HO Brunel Univ DE viscoelasticity; hysteretic heating; thermo-mechanical heating ID VISCOELASTICITY PROBLEMS; VOLTERRA-EQUATIONS AB Mechanically induced viscoelastic dissipation is difficult to compute when the constitutive model is defined by history integrals. The computation of the viscous energy dissipated is in the form of a double convolution integral. In this study, we present a method to approximate the dissipation for constitutive models in history integral form that represent Maxwell-like materials. The dissipation is obtained without directly computing the double convolution integral. The approximation requires that the total stress can be separated into elastic and viscous components, and that the relaxation form of the constitutive law is defined with a Prony series. A numerical approach often taken to approximate a history integral involves interpolating the history integral's kernel across a time step. Integration then yields finite difference equations for the evolution of the viscous stresses in time. In the case when the material is modeled with a Prony series, the form of these finite difference equations is similar to the form of the finite difference equations for a Maxwell solid. Since the dissipation rate in a Maxwell solid can be easily computed from knowledge of its viscous stress and the Prony series constants (spring-dashpot constants), we computationally investigated employing a Maxwell solid's dissipation function to couple thermal and large strain history integral based finite element models of solid rubber components. Numerical data is provided to support this analogy and to help understand its limitations. A rubber cylinder with an imbedded steel disk is dynamically loaded, and the non-uniform heating within the cylinder is computed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Army Res Lab, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Army Res Lab, MS 240, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM arthur.rjohnson@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 EI 1879-2138 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2005 VL 194 IS 2-5 SI SI BP 313 EP 325 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2004.03.014 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 881UA UT WOS:000225893700012 ER PT S AU Tuan, CY Kelly, MT Sun, HS Buss, ME AF Tuan, CY Kelly, MT Sun, HS Buss, ME GP TRB TI Evaluation of use of lithium nitrate in controlling alkali-silica reactivity in existing concrete pavement SO CONCRETE MATERIALS 2005 SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 84th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP US Dept Transportat, US Fed Aviat Adm, US Fed Highway Adm, US Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, US Fed Railroad Adm, US Fed Transit Adm, US Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, US Res & Innovat Technol Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Transportat Res Board, Transportat Dept 50 States, Puerto Rico & District Columbia AB The study presents the findings from a 2-year field trial in which lithium nitrate was applied at a rate of 0.006 gal/ft(2) twice a year on an existing concrete pavement in Norfolk, Nebraska, in an attempt to arrest ongoing alkali-silica reaction (ASR) distress. Various destructive and nondestructive means were used to measure the effectiveness of the treatments. Concrete cylinders were cored for petrographic examination and split tension testing. Powder samples were taken to determine the lithium content. Nondestructive evaluations used crack mapping, a Schmidt hammer, a velocity meter, and an impact echo apparatus. The amount of lithium that penetrated into the pavement by gravity soaking has been limited. The results to date have not shown a definitive benefit of application of the lithium material in controlling or mitigating the ASR process; presumably, the pavement has not reached the state of deterioration optimal for lithium penetration. The feasibility and effectiveness of other application techniques on hardened concrete, such as electrolysis, surface pressurization, and vacuum impregnation, should be investigated for comparison with the feasibility and effectiveness of gravity soaking. C1 Univ Nebraska, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. USA, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. RP Tuan, CY (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, 1110 S 67th St, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2005 IS 1914 BP 34 EP 44 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Composites; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Transportation GA BDP22 UT WOS:000234682500005 ER PT S AU Katsis, D Geil, B Griffin, T Koebke, G Kaplan, S Ovrebo, G Bayne, S AF Katsis, D Geil, B Griffin, T Koebke, G Kaplan, S Ovrebo, G Bayne, S GP IEEE TI Silicon carbide power semiconductor module development for a high temperature 10kW AC drive SO Conference Record of the 2005 IEEE Industry Applications Conference, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 02-06, 2005 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE silicon carhide; AC drive; power BJT; junction barrier schottky diode; high temperature AB A silicon carbide power module has been developed to demonstrate a high-temperature, 10kW AC drive application. Several goals for this development include temperature dependent parameter evaluation of parallel-connected transistors and junction barrier Schottky diodes at 150 degrees C operating temperature. Next, design of a high-thermal conductivity substrate to cool the modules based on predicted losses. Finally the integration into a variable speed AC drive using a DSP-based V/F motor controller. Test results for the 10 kW AC drive are provided to demonstrate power module performance up to 180 degrees C. C1 US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Katsis, D (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 0-7803-9208-6 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2005 BP 399 EP 403 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BDP14 UT WOS:000234673200056 ER PT S AU Katsis, D Wheeler, PW Clare, JC Empringham, L Bland, M AF Katsis, D Wheeler, PW Clare, JC Empringham, L Bland, M GP IEEE TI A utility power supply based on a four-output leg matrix converter SO Conference Record of the 2005 IEEE Industry Applications Conference, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 02-06, 2005 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE matrix converters; motor drives AB A four-output leg matrix converter and variable-speed diesel generator are integrated to create a three-phase plus neutral utility power supply. The matrix converter is designed to meet tight harmonic and the forth leg provides the facility to supply unbalanced and single-phase loads. This enables the generator to provide stable power over a range of engine speeds and load conditions. Test results for the 10kkW offline power supply are provided to demonstrate system performance. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Katsis, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Power Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. OI Clare, Jon/0000-0001-8243-4280 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 0-7803-9208-6 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2005 BP 2355 EP 2359 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BDP14 UT WOS:000234673203015 ER PT J AU Shorr, AF Sherner, JH Jackson, WL Kollef, MH AF Shorr, AF Sherner, JH Jackson, WL Kollef, MH TI Invasive approaches to the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A meta-analysis SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE antibiotics; bronchoscopy; diagnosis; mortality; pneumonia; ventilator ID INITIAL ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; ANTIBIOTIC-THERAPY; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; SEVERE SEPSIS; STRATEGIES; INFECTIONS; MANAGEMENT; IMPACT; ADULTS AB Objective: Ventilator-associated pneumonia remains a major challenge in the intensive care unit The role for invasive diagnostic methods (e.g., bronchoscopy) remains unclear. We hypothesized that invasive testing would alter antibiotic management in patients with ventilator associated pneumonia but would not necessarily alter mortality. Design: Meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials of invasive diagnostic strategies in suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia and a separate pooled analysis of prospective, observational studies of the effect of invasive cultures on antibiotic utilization in ventilator-associated pneumonia. Setting: NA. Patients: Subjects enrolled in the various clinical trials identified. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: We identified four randomized, controlled trials that included 628 patients. The overall quality of these studies was moderate (median Jadad score of 5) and there was both clinical and statistical heterogeneity among these trials. Ventilator-associated pneumonia was confirmed bronchoscopically in 44-69% of participants, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus being the most frequently isolated pathogens. Most subjects (90.3%) received adequate antibiotics; however, in one trial there was a significant difference between the invasive and noninvasive arms with respect to this factor. Overall, an invasive approach did not alter mortality (odds ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.56-1.41). Invasive testing, though, affected antibiotic utilization (odds ratio for change in antibiotic management after invasive sampling, 2.85, 95% confidence interval 1.45-5.59). Five prospective observational studies examined invasive testing and included 635 subjects. These reports confirm that invasive sampling leads to modifications in the antibiotic regimen in more than half of patents (pooled. estimate for rate of alteration in antibiotic prescription, 50.3%, 95% confidence interval 35.9-64.6%). Conclusions: Few trials have systematically examined the impact of diagnostic techniques on outcomes for patients suspected of suffering from ventilator-associated pneumonia. Invasive strategies do not alter mortality. Invasive approaches to ventilatora-associated pneumonia affect antibiotic use and prescribing. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Washington Univ, Barnes Jewish Hosp, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. RP Shorr, AF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 29 TC 96 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 46 EP 53 DI 10.1097/01.CCM.0000149852.32599331 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 887WN UT WOS:000226336300007 PM 15644647 ER PT J AU Guretzky, JA Moore, KJ Brummer, EC Burras, CL AF Guretzky, JA Moore, KJ Brummer, EC Burras, CL TI Species diversity and functional composition of pastures that vary in landscape position and grazing management SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NORTHEAST UNITED-STATES; FORAGE NUTRITIVE-VALUE; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; PLANT DIVERSITY; PRODUCTIVITY; BIODIVERSITY; RICHNESS; CATTLE; PALATABILITY AB The productivity of grasslands depends in part on their diversity of species and functional composition. Our objective was to examine the effects of three landscape positions (summit, backslope, and toe- slope) and three stocking systems (continuous, rotational, and non- grazed) on species diversity and percentage of cover of grass, legume, and weed species functional types in southeastern Iowa pastures. Data were collected in 0.2-m(2) plots randomly distributed throughout each of four replicate pastures in spring and summer 2000 and 2001. Backslope landscape positions within pastures managed with either continuous or rotational stocking contained the greatest overall diversity of species. Across years, overall species richness under grazing averaged 4.8 on backslopes, 3.5 on summits, and 2.9 on toeslopes. Legume cover was greatest within the rotational stocking system, averaging 21% on backslopes, 10% on summits, and 3% on toeslopes across years. Cool-season grasses dominated summits and toeslopes, consisting of 88 to 94% of the cover. Weed species diversity and cover were greatest on backslopes within the continuous stocking system. Our results showed that rotational stocking had more desirable effects through greater legume cover and less weed cover on backslopes than continuous stocking. This research suggested that spatial components of pastures should be considered to optimize the production and quality of forage for grazing livestock. C1 USA, Erdc, CERL, Ecol Proc Branch, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Guretzky, JA (reprint author), USA, Erdc, CERL, Ecol Proc Branch, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. EM John.A.Guretzky@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 44 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 45 IS 1 BP 282 EP 289 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 889HY UT WOS:000226435300035 ER PT B AU Fernandez, AA AF Fernandez, AA BE Arabnia, HR Gravvanis, GA TI Meshless solution of unsteady transport problems using a Sequential Adaptive Meshless method SO CSC '05: Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Scientific Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Scientific Computing CY JUN 20-23, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV AB The Sequential Adaptive Meshless (SAM) method is a meshless Partition of Unity method that places its basis functions in the domain sequentially and automatically using optimization techniques. In this paper, the SAM method is used to solve unsteady and convective problems by means of a semidiscrete approach with traditional time advancement. Stabilization is done via the Streamline-Upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) technique. C1 Major Shared Resource Ctr, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Fernandez, AA (reprint author), Major Shared Resource Ctr, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-62-9 PY 2005 BP 48 EP 51 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BEA41 UT WOS:000236445700007 ER PT J AU Hicks, RP Hartell, MG Nichols, DA Bhattacharjee, AK van Hamont, JE Skillman, DR AF Hicks, RP Hartell, MG Nichols, DA Bhattacharjee, AK van Hamont, JE Skillman, DR TI The medicinal chemistry of botulinum, ricin and anthrax toxins SO CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID NEUROTOXIN TYPE-B; BLOCK NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; SMALL-MOLECULE INHIBITORS; A-CHAIN; LETHAL FACTOR; TRANSITION-STATE; ACTIVE-SITE; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AB The potential use of weapons of mass destruction (nuclear, biological or chemical) by terrorist organizations represents a major threat to world peace and safety. Only a limited number of vaccines are available to protect the general population from the medical consequences of these weapons. In addition there are major health concerns associated with a pre-exposure mass vaccination of the general population. To reduce or eliminate the impact of these terrible threats, new drugs must be developed to safely treat individuals exposed to these agents. A review of all therapeutic agents under development for the treatment of the illnesses and injuries that result from exposure to nuclear, biological or chemical warfare agents is beyond the scope of any single article. The intent here is to provide a focused review for medicinal and organic chemists of three widely discussed and easily deployed biological warfare agents, botulinum neurotoxin and ricin toxins and the bacteria Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax will be addressed because of its similarity in both structure and mechanism of catalytic activity with botulinum toxin. The common feature of these three agents is that they exhibit their biological activity via toxin enzymatic hydrolysis of a specific bond in their respective substrate molecules. A brief introduction to the history of each of the biological warfare agents is presented followed by a discussion on the mechanisms of action of each at the molecular level, and a review of current potential inhibitors under investigation. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Med Chem, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Hicks, RP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Med Chem, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Rickey.Hicks@NA.AMEDD.ARMY.MIL NR 153 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 11 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 0929-8673 J9 CURR MED CHEM JI Curr. Med. Chem. PY 2005 VL 12 IS 6 BP 667 EP 690 PG 24 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 899QF UT WOS:000227158900004 PM 15790305 ER PT J AU Bergmann-Leitner, ES AF Bergmann-Leitner, ES TI Anti-cancer drugs SO CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bergmann-Leitner, ES (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 503 Robert Grant Ave,3W76, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/B-3548-2011 OI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/0000-0002-8571-8956 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1381-6128 J9 CURR PHARM DESIGN JI Curr. Pharm. Design PY 2005 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1077 EP 1078 DI 10.2174/1381612053507639 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 906SW UT WOS:000227664400001 ER PT J AU Logan, TP Platoff, GE Johnston, DS Baskin, SI AF Logan, TP Platoff, GE Johnston, DS Baskin, SI TI An investigation into the stability of sulfur mustard and soman in perfluorooctylbromide SO CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE perfluorooctylbromide; nuclear magnetic resonance; gas chromatography mass spectroscopy; chemical warfare/terrorism agents; sulfur mustard (HD); soman (GD) ID CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS; 2-CHLOROETHYL SULFIDES; DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOIL AB Perfluorooctylbromide ( PFOB) was investigated as a potential stabilizer of sulfur mustard (HD) and soman (GD) because of its physical-chemical properties and its low toxicity. Separately, HD and GD solutions in PFOB were tested from -70 degrees C to 50 degrees C by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and were found to be stable. When mixed with 10% (v/v) H2O, the HD/PFOB sample decomposed (t(1/2) = 37 hours at 22 degrees C), whereas the GD/PFOB sample remained unchanged for more than 24 hours. For additional identification before H2O addition, the compounds were extracted from PFOB with acetonitrile and analyzed by using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS), and HD and GD were readily identified in their respective samples. We demonstrated by NMR and GCMS that PFOB solutions of HD and GD maintained their stability over a wide range of temperatures. We demonstrated by NMR that PFOB extended the stability of HD and GD when exposed to H2O. These results prompt us to offer PFOB as a potential candidate for sample collection, preservation, and forensic analysis of HD and GD evidence and as a preservative vehicle for research on tissue exposed to chemical warfare agents. C1 USA, Drug Assessment Div, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR UV DB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Off Commander, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Div Pharmacol, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Logan, TP (reprint author), USA, Drug Assessment Div, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR UV DB, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM thomas.logan@amedd.army.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3829 J9 CUTAN OCUL TOXICOL JI Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1081/CUS-200051381 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA 949LJ UT WOS:000230789900001 ER PT J AU Rogers, JV Kohne, JW Hayes, TL Reid, FM Graham, JS AF Rogers, JV Kohne, JW Hayes, TL Reid, FM Graham, JS TI Measuring liquid sulfur mustard recovery to characterize a weanling swine skin short-term exposure model SO CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur mustard; skin; porcine ID EAR SKIN; PIG SKIN; LESIONS; BURNS; INJURIES; MANIFESTATIONS; DEBRIDEMENT; MANAGEMENT; PATHOLOGY; FEATURES AB Sulfur mustard [bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide, SM] is a chemical warfare agent that penetrates the skin and causes extensive blistering. A weanling swine model was previously developed to evaluate wound healing associated with SM-induced cutaneous injuries. This study was performed to characterize short-term liquid SM exposures using this weanling swine skin model by measuring SM recovery from dosing templates and associated components. Female Yorkshire crossbred swine were exposed cutaneously to approximately 467 mg SM for 15, 20, and 25 seconds as well as for 4, 5, 6, and 7 minutes. At the end of each time period, the dosing template and associated components were removed, the skin was immediately wiped, and the amount of SM present in the dosing template, polytetrafuloroethylene (PTFE) disc, rubber stopper, and towel wipe was measured. The mean total SM extracted from the dosing template, PTFE disc, rubber stopper, and towel wipe decreased significantly (p <= 0.05) over the observed time period with the majority (>99%) of the SM recovered from the dosing template. Significantly higher (p <= 0.05) amounts of SM were extracted from the PTFE disc over time, whereas a significant time-dependent decrease in SM was extracted from the towel wipes. These results showed significant decreases in total SM recovered from the dosing templates and associated components over the observed time period. The data from this study provide further insight into using the weanling swine skin model for short-term liquid SM exposures. Ultimately, this information may help determine the appropriate length of cutaneous SM exposure resulting in consistent, uniform injuries for evaluating the efficacy of newly developed and existing treatment regimens for SM-induced skin injury. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Med Res & Evaluat Facil, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Comparat Pathol Branch, Div Comparat Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Reid, FM (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Med Res & Evaluat Facil, 505 King Ave,JM-7, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM reidf@battelle.org NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3829 J9 CUTAN OCUL TOXICOL JI Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 177 EP 185 DI 10.1081/CUS-200068610 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA 970WK UT WOS:000232342900004 ER PT S AU Nemeroff, J DiPierro, S AF Nemeroff, J DiPierro, S BE Suresh, R TI Networked Sensors for the Future Force (NSFF) Advanced Technology Demonstration (ATD) communications systems SO Defense Transformation and Network-Centric Systems SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Defense Transformation and Network-Centric Systems CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE sensor; radio; communications; networks AB The U.S. Army's Future Combat Systems (FCS) and Future Force Warrior (FFW) will rely on the use of unattended, tactical sensors to detect and identify enemy targets in order to avoid enemy fires and enable precise networked fire to survive on the future battlefield with less armor protection. Successful implementation of these critical sensor fields requires the development of a specialized communications network infrastructure needed to disseminate sensor data to provide relevant, timely and accurate situational awareness information to the tactical common operating picture. The sensor network communications must support both static deployed and mobile ground and air robotic sensor arrays with robust, secure, stealthy, and jam resistant links. It is envisioned that tactical sensor networks can be deployed in a two tiered communications architecture that includes a lower sensor sub-layer consisting of acoustic, magnetic, Chemical/Biological and seismic detectors and an upper sub-layer consisting of infrared or visual imaging cameras. The upper sub-layer can be cued by the lower sub-layer and provides a seamless gateway link to higher echelon backbone tactical networks. The NSFF Advanced Technology Demonstration (ATD) communications effort focuses on providing Future Force systems such as the FCS and the Future Force Warrior with critical situational awareness data needed for survivability. The communications systems supporting this functionality must be designed such that unattended ground sensor data can flow seamlessly from the lowest unattended tactical sensor echelons into the Army's tactical backbone networks while also allowing the "fusing" of the data with other intelligence information for correlation within a tactical command and control node. NSFF is realizing this capability by using advanced Communications technologies developed under the Soldier Level Integrated Communications Environment (SLICE) Soldier Radio Waveform (SRW) project. These technologies include robust, self-organizing/healing networking protocols, energy management techniques, and stealthy, secure, jam resistant radio equipment for a significantly enhanced communications capability for the Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS). CERDEC laboratory and field demonstrations in 2004 will be reviewed to show early SRW development in preparation for the NSFF ATD as well as development of affordable systems for disposable sensor applications. C1 USA, RDECOM CERDEC, Space & Terrestrial Commun Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Nemeroff, J (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC, Space & Terrestrial Commun Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5805-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5820 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1117/12.597456 PG 9 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BCT89 UT WOS:000231195900009 ER PT S AU Harmon, RS DeLucia, FC LaPointe, A Raymond, COL Winkel, J Miziolek, AW AF Harmon, RS DeLucia, FC LaPointe, A Raymond, COL Winkel, J Miziolek, AW BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Discrimination and identification of plastic casings by single-shot broadband LIBS SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; LIBS; landmine detection ID SPECTROSCOPY AB Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) spectra were collected under laboratory conditions and compiled in a library for a suite of plastic landmine casings and a variety of non-mine plastic materials on two occasions during 2004 using a Nd-YAG laser and a high-resolution broadband spectrometer to collect the full 200980 run LIBS spectrum.. The landmine casings examined included a broad selection of anti-personnel and anti-tank mines from different countries of manufacture. Two `blind' tests were conducted in which LIBS spectra for the landmine casings and plastics were compared with a previously-constructed material spectral library. Using a linear correlation software, `mine/no mine' determinations were correctly made for > 90% of the samples in both tests. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Harmon, RS (reprint author), USA, Res Off, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5779-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5794 BP 92 EP 101 DI 10.1117/12.606598 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCR67 UT WOS:000230951400009 ER PT S AU Black, C McMichael, I Riggs, L AF Black, C McMichael, I Riggs, L BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Investigation of an EMI sensor for detection of large metallic objects in the presence of metallic clutter SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE EMI sensor; electromagnetic induction; metal detection AB Electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors and magnetometers have successfully detected surface laid, buried, and visually obscured metallic objects. Potential military activities could require detection of these objects at some distance from a moving vehicle in the presence of metallic clutter. Results show that existing EMI sensors have limited range capabilities and suffer from false alarms due to clutter. This paper presents results of an investigation of an EMI sensor designed for detecting large metallic objects on a moving platform in a high clutter environment. The sensor was developed by the U.S. Army RDECOM CERDEC NVESD in conjunction with the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Black, C (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5779-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5794 BP 320 EP 327 DI 10.1117/12.605219 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCR67 UT WOS:000230951400030 ER PT S AU Ranney, K Tran, C AF Ranney, K Tran, C BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Effects of registration errors on multi-look averaged data SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID SAR IMAGERY AB Multi-look processing provides a straightforward method for enhancing the quality of grainy (speckle-filled) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. This improvement in quality results from a reduction in variability of the individual pixel values brought about by non-coherent averaging of multiple, statistically independent views of the same scene. That is, the variance of the average of independent, identically distributed random variables is inversely proportional to the number of independent looks that are averaged. Of course, the quality of the averaged image depends heavily on the accuracy of the algorithm used to align the individual looks prior to averaging. The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has recently applied multi-look processing techniques to sets of images from independent views to generate look-averaged images. In the course of this processing, we have identified the need to quantify any degradation in multi-look image quality resulting from mismatches in registration of the individual looks used to form the look-averaged image. Since these degradations can affect the performance of automatic target detection algorithms, we have also identified the need to quantify the effects of look-averaged image degradation on the performance of such algorithms. In this paper, we use X-Band SAR data to determine the extent to which translational and rotational errors in the registration of individual looks degrade the quality of the resulting multi-look averaged image. We then examine how this degradation in image quality impacts the automatic detection of small targets in the final, look-averaged image. Finally, we introduce variations in target-to-clutter ratio within each of the individual looks and analyze how these changes affect the resulting look-averaged image. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ranney, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5779-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5794 BP 447 EP 458 DI 10.1117/12.604353 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCR67 UT WOS:000230951400042 ER PT S AU Nguyen, L Soumekh, M AF Nguyen, L Soumekh, M BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Improving SAR image of mine-type targets from restricted radar band data SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE synthetic aperture radar; ultra-wideband radar; spectral gaps AB This paper presents a method to improve the SAR image of mine-type targets from wideband radar data that contain spectral gaps. The key concept that is exploited here is the correct identification of where the radar energy gaps map into in the ground-plane spectral domain of a targetis SAR image as a function of the targetis coordinates (particularly, its depression angle) as well as the radar system parameters. Once this is established, we apply an iterative method to recover the missing data in the targetis spectral signature. This scheme is capable of not only suppressing the undesirable side-lobes but also recovering subtle coherent (phase) information in the targetis SAR signature. Results using data from a low-frequency ultra-wideband synthetic aperture radar (SAR) designed by Mirage System will be presented. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nguyen, L (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL-SE-RU,2800 Power Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5779-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5794 BP 522 EP 531 DI 10.1117/12.603811 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCR67 UT WOS:000230951400050 ER PT S AU Ranney, K Sullivan, A Nguyen, L Radzelovage, B Piper, A AF Ranney, K Sullivan, A Nguyen, L Radzelovage, B Piper, A BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Effects of target phenomenology on SAR prescreener performance SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; TRANSIENT-RESPONSE; EXTRACTING POLES; IMAGE THEORY; HALF-SPACE; REVOLUTION; RADIATION; BODIES; RADAR; SURFACES AB The Army Research Laboratory has recently collaborated with Raytheon to determine the effects of various target signature phenomena on the performance of a detection pre-screening processing chain. These signature phenomena for plastic mines were predicted by ARL's high fidelity electromagnetic models and then observed in airborne X-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. The agreement of the modeled results with experimental data was then used to guide pre-screener design. In this paper we present predicted plastic mine signatures generated by ARL and compare the results with actual target samples extracted from X-Band SAR data. We then briefly describe the new prescreener algorithm and examine modeling results for other frequency bands in an effort to determine if similar notions can be exploited in these bands as well. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ranney, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5779-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5794 BP 532 EP 543 DI 10.1117/12.605924 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCR67 UT WOS:000230951400051 ER PT S AU Bishop, S Chen, TH Tsopelas, P AF Bishop, S Chen, TH Tsopelas, P BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Finite element modal analysis of an Italian VS-1.6 antitank landmine pressure plate SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE landmine; structural modes; modal analysis; VS 1.6 mine ID MINES; MODEL AB The Italian VS 1.6 anti-tank landmine pressure plate was considered in a high fidelity finite element modal analysis using the ANSYS (R) multi-physics application. The paper describes the approach taken to obtain material properties, namely density and Young's modulus, of the plastic components of the mine. It also discusses and provides illustrations of the three-dimensional finite element domain model with boundary conditions. The paper also describes the method by which the model was verified in a laboratory setting. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Bishop, S (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5779-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5794 BP 558 EP 568 DI 10.1117/12.602555 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCR67 UT WOS:000230951400054 ER PT S AU Libbey, B Fenneman, D AF Libbey, B Fenneman, D BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Acoustic to seismic ground excitation using time reversal SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE time reversal; landmine; detection; acoustic; seismic; energy delivery ID LANDMINE DETECTION AB The detection of land mines using acoustic and seismic excitation is problematic due to the small amplitude of vibration that can be induced in the soil. Increasing this level reduces the requirement on a sensor's noise floor and may be useful for nonlinear detection. For these experiments, an array of loudspeakers broadcast orthogonal noise signals to excite ground vibrations. A contacting geophone measures the system's vibration response to all signals. We then correlate an excitation signal with the measured vibration response to approximate the system impulse response between a loudspeaker and the geophone. Time reversing the impulse response generates a pre-filter for each loudspeaker. Subsequent signals transmitted through the pre-filter and loudspeaker tend to be temporally focused at the receive location as well as greater in amplitude. Results compare vibration amplitude with and without the time reversal process for spatial locations near the mine. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Libbey, B (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5779-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5794 BP 643 EP 654 DI 10.1117/12.604332 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCR67 UT WOS:000230951400062 ER PT S AU Libbey, B Fenneman, D Burns, B AF Libbey, B Fenneman, D Burns, B BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Mobile platform for acoustic mine detection applications SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE landmine; acoustic; seismic; vibrometer; mobile; robot ID LANDMINE DETECTION AB Researchers in academia have successfully demonstrated acoustic landmine detection techniques. These typically employ acoustic or seismic sources to induce vibration in the mine/soil system, and use vibration sensors such as laser vibrometers or geophones to measure the resultant surface motion. These techniques exploit the unique mechanical properties of landmines to discriminate the vibration response of a buried mine from an off-target measurement. The Army requires the ability to rapidly and reliably scan an area for landmines and is developing a mobile platform at NVESD to meet this requirement. The platform represents an initial step toward the implementation of acoustic mine detection technology on a representative field vehicle. The effort relies heavily on the acoustic mine detection cart system developed by researchers at the University of Mississippi and Planning Systems, Inc.(1) The NVESD platform consists of a John Deere E-gator configured with a robotic control system to accurately position the vehicle. In its present design, the E-gator has been outfitted with an array of laser vibrometers and a bank of loudspeakers. Care has been taken to ensure that the vehicle's mounting hardware and data acquisition algorithms are sufficiently robust to accommodate the implementation of other sensor modalities. A thorough discussion of the mobile platform from its inception to its present configuration will be provided. Specific topics to be addressed include the vehicle's control and data acquisition systems. Preliminary results from acoustic mine detection experiments will also be presented. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Libbey, B (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5779-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5794 BP 683 EP 693 DI 10.1117/12.603410 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCR67 UT WOS:000230951400066 ER PT S AU Grossman, S AF Grossman, S BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Determination of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene surface contamination on M107 artillery projectiles and sampling method evaluation SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB Given current conditions, the Army has an interest in developing advanced explosive detection technologies and in characterizing explosive signatures emanating from munitions ranging from landmines to artillery projectiles. While significant efforts have been devoted to determining the explosive signatures of landmines, relatively little has focused on signatures generated by artillery projectiles. Realizing this, the work presented here details efforts to measure the levels of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) existing on the exterior surface of M107 artillery projectiles. These efforts were based on the hypothesis that there may be detectable levels of TNT on projectile surfaces as a result of manufacturing processes and storage conditions. It is believed that such surface contamination might provide one source of TNT that could be detected by sensitive vapor sensing devices. It is the goal of this research to determine whether or not projectiles that are manufactured and stored in a similar fashion will exhibit a predictable range of TNT concentrations. This data could then be used to predict the level of environmental contamination that would occur if the projectile were present. The preliminary work reported here addresses the problem of sample collection. Specifically, quantifying the collection efficiency of a particular sampling technique is investigated, as this information is crucial in determining the total quantity of TNT found of the surfaces of the projectiles. Considerations such as total amount of TNT removed compared to total amount of TNT present (on control samples) as well as the method's ease of use in the field are addressed. Data collected from M107 projectiles being stored at an Army test facility is then analyzed and discussed. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Cirectorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Grossman, S (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Cirectorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5779-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5794 BP 717 EP 723 DI 10.1117/12.604848 PN 1-2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCR67 UT WOS:000230951400069 ER PT S AU Koh, G Marshall, HP AF Koh, G Marshall, HP BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Radar signature of disturbed soil for mine detection SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE radar; disturbed soil; airborne mine detection AB A potential strategy for wide area airborne mine/minefield detection is to identify localized areas of soil that have been disturbed due to mine emplacement amidst the undisturbed soil. Disturbed and undisturbed soils are rough in varying degrees and thus roughness affects the backscattering behavior at the microwave frequencies. We investigated the feasibility of using high-frequency radar (8-18 GHz) backscatter measurements to detect the residual surface disturbances caused by recent mine emplacement. Radar backscatter measurements from recently buried landmines were obtained at a government minefield data collection site. Case studies of radar backscatter from landmines buried in dirt and gravel for varying incident angles are presented. These results demonstrate that the surface roughness contrast between disturbed and undisturbed soils can be exploited to assist in mine detection operations. The maximum radar backscatter contrast between the disturbed and undisturbed soils was observed at normal incidence. The minimum contrast (radar backscatter crossover angle) occurred between 15(0) and 30(0) incident angles. These experimental results are shown to be consistent with rough surface scattering assumptions. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, ERDC, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Koh, G (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, ERDC, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5779-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5794 BP 812 EP 820 DI 10.1117/12.604155 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCR67 UT WOS:000230951400080 ER PT S AU Mason, GL Cummins, C AF Mason, GL Cummins, C BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Spatial variability of soils in support of countermine operation SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE mine detection; discrete obstacles; spatial variations AB This paper outlines an approach to extrude two-dimensional existing information to support the prediction of subsurface discrete objects. The goal of this study is to develop one part of a toolkit to generate realistic, simulated subsurface material and property distributions supporting detection of surface and subsurface explosives. A sample onemeter cubic grid of heterogeneous media is simulated along with expected deviations. We explain the method used to generate a volume of soil, number of geologic features included (if any), and location. This method is expected to be used to depict a larger surface area based on representative limited visual and laboratory data. The soil volume will be used to exercise models providing a signature of subsurface media allowing the simulation of detection by various sensors of buried and surface ordnance. C1 Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Mason, GL (reprint author), Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5779-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5794 BP 821 EP 827 DI 10.1117/12.604349 PN 1-2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCR67 UT WOS:000230951400081 ER PT S AU Melloh, R Berini, C Bailey, R AF Melloh, R Berini, C Bailey, R BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI High-resolution surface sill moisture variability at a midwest site SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE spatial variability; soil moisture; high-resolution; impedance probe ID DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY TDR; SOIL-WATER CONTENT AB Soil moisture is highly variable in space and time and affects the performance of electromagnetic sensors through its effects on thermal and dielectric properties. This research focused on characterizing soil moisture variability at spatial scales relevant to the sensing of small targets. Surface moistures of the top 6 cm of soil were collected on regular grids with an impedance probe. Measurements were made at 0.1-m resolution over 3- X 4-m and 3- X 5-m grids at a short grass site on silt loam. Tall grass and bare soil sites on gravelly silt loam were sampled at 1.0-m resolution over 20- X 30-m and 10- X 30-m grids. Exponential models fit to sample variograms of the 0.1-m resolution data show that soil moistures were spatially dependent over a distance of 0.5 m. Maximum variances (variogram sill), for data collected over a four-day span following a rainfall event, increased linearly with decreased mean moisture level as the soil dried. The revealed structures can be exploited to simulate soil moisture variation temporally and spatially. The impedance probe's ability to reproduce variation in volumetric water content observed with conventional oven drying methods was demonstrated prior to the field experiment. Separate tests demonstrated that the probes can be used interchangeably. The impact of sparse surface grass on the moisture variation measured with the probe was also demonstrated to be small under the conditions tested. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Melloh, R (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5779-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5794 BP 828 EP 839 DI 10.1117/12.603818 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCR67 UT WOS:000230951400082 ER PT S AU Corcoran, MK AF Corcoran, MK BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Subsurface geologic characterization SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE geologic characterization; petrography; x-ray diffraction; scanning electron microscopy AB To fully assess the environmental regime, it is necessary to identify and account for the effects of the surrounding and underlying geology that influence landscape development and geophysical tools. The geologic environment is the result of a complex network of past and present processes, including deposition and weathering by wind, water, and ice, which produce subsurface conditions difficult to interpret without expert geologic characterization and laboratory analysis. The assessment of geologic history consists of a thorough literature review, site reconnaissance and characterization, and laboratory and microscopic analyses. C1 USA, Ctr Res & Dev, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Corcoran, MK (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res & Dev, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5779-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5794 BP 840 EP 845 DI 10.1117/12.603834 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCR67 UT WOS:000230951400083 ER PT S AU Albert, M Koh, G Koenig, G Howington, S Peters, J Trang, A AF Albert, M Koh, G Koenig, G Howington, S Peters, J Trang, A BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Phenomenology of dynamic thermal signatures around surface mines SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE land mine; thermal; imagery; model; target detection AB The ability to detect buried land mines under a wide variety of environmental conditions is an important Army requirement. Both for interpreting signatures of mines and to ensure appropriate modeling of mine and background signatures, it is important to understand the phenomena that result in different signature patterns. The dynamic signatures can change quickly in time due to changing meteorological conditions and their impact on the mine, the soil, and on the mine-soil interaction. In field tests, infrared measurements of surface and near surface mines have shown anomalous concentric thermal signatures around the mine. The cause of these irregularities is not known. We conduct numerical multidimensional finite element calculations to investigate interactions between the meteorological conditions, the mine, and the nearby soil to elucidate the cause for these signatures. Both in-situ temperature measurements and model results show that thermal interactions between the mine and the soil are responsible for the signatures. The warm area around the mine in the nearby soil is predominant primarily at night. The warm ring effect is most likely to exist in dry soil and for mines whose heat capacity exceeds that of the soil, resulting in thermal dominance of the mine in the coupled mine-soil thermal regime. Wet soils are less likely to display the thermal contrast of the warm ring. Improved understanding of physical interactions between the mine and the background may facilitate improved discrimination between signatures of mines and of false alarms. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, ERDC, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Albert, M (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, ERDC, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5779-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5794 BP 846 EP 856 DI 10.1117/12.603559 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCR67 UT WOS:000230951400084 ER PT S AU Jackson, SS Bishop, MJ Leese, DL Lord, EM AF Jackson, SS Bishop, MJ Leese, DL Lord, EM BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI High-resolution 3D laser imaging of various surfaces in minefields and implications for surface modeling SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE laser scanner; LIDAR; registration; modeling AB A high-resolution, ground-based 3D laser scanner was recently evaluated for terrestrial site characterization of variable-surface minefield sites and generation of surface and terrain models. The instrument used to conduct this research was a Leica HDS3000 3D laser scanner. Two study sites located in the mid-western United States were used for this analysis. A very dense vegetation site (Grass Site) and a bare soil site (Dirt Site) with intermittent rocks and sparse vegetation were selected for data collection to simulate both obscured and semi-obscured minefield sites. High-density scans (0.2 cm to 2.0 cm) were utilized for Cyra target acquisition and were commensurate with size and distance to target from scanner location. Medium-density scans (2.0 cm to 5.0 cm) were chosen for point cloud generation of each site with approximately 10 percent overlap between field scans. To provide equivalent, unobstructed viewing perspectives from all scan locations at each site, the scanner was positioned on a trailer-mounted, chain-driven lift and raised to a scan height of 7.62 m above the ground. Final registration to UTM projected coordinate system of the multiple scan locations for the Dirt Site and Grass Site produced mean absolute errors of 0.014 m and 0.017 m, respectively. The laser scanner adequately characterized surface roughness and vegetation height to produce contour and terrain models for the respective site locations. The detailed scans of the sites along with the inherent, natural vegetation characteristics present at each site provide real-time discrimination of site components under contrasting land surface conditions. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Jackson, SS (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5779-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5794 BP 857 EP 865 DI 10.1117/12.602479 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCR67 UT WOS:000230951400085 ER PT S AU Berry, TE Melton, RE AF Berry, TE Melton, RE BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Multi-spectral thermal image analysis of natural backgrounds and targets SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE thermal; LWIR; MWIR; SWIR; VNIR; CCD; diurnal; meteorological; infrared AB This paper describes the visual, spatial and thermal characteristics, and analysis of dynamic landscape conditions critical to mine detection sensors. The characterization data will be used to develop a geospatial, all-season high fidelity data set to support the modeling of synthetic battlefield environments.. Surface and subsurface targets of various materials and sizes were added to natural backgrounds to measure the spectral and thermal changes due to different environmental conditions. The imagery was collected with a four-camera system, each representing the visible near infrared (VNIR), 0.4-1.0 micron spectrum, the near infrared (NIR), 0.9 to 1.7 micron spectrum, the mid-wave infrared (MWIR), 3 to 5 micron spectrum, and the long-wave (LWIR), 8 to 14 micron spectrum. The four imaging systems are mounted on a rotating boom that is raised to approximately 12- meters above ground level to match the nadir aspect airborne imaging systems. Multiple areas within the rotational footprint are selected and measured every 10-minutes through a diurnal cycle. Concurrent meteorological measurements are recorded to identify wind speed and direction, air temperature, surface conditions and relative humidity profiles. The background and target analysis procedure is a process of several steps. First, the regions of interest (ROI's) are selected that identify the target or area to be characterized. Second, the area and statistical values will be calculated for each region of interest. Third, the ROI values are compared to the onsite meteorological station. C1 USA, Engineer Res Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Berry, TE (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5779-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5794 BP 866 EP 874 DI 10.1117/12.603865 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCR67 UT WOS:000230951400086 ER PT S AU Ballard, JR AF Ballard, JR BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI High-resolution spatial measurements of minefield vegetation density and modeled surface heat flux SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID CANOPIES AB Thermal infrared signatures of natural landscapes can vary greatly temporally and spatially. In our research, we describe our preliminary results of the spatial variability of vegetation thermal infrared signatures and vegetation density in a mid-western test minefield characterized by a linear PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation) ceptometer and ground-based laser radar. The linear PAR ceptometer consists of a probe about 80-cm long that contains 80 photodiodes that are sensitive to the PAR waveband. The probe calculates leaf area index (LAI, projected leaf area per unit ground area) based on sun zenith angle, leaf angle distribution, and fraction of solar beam radiation. For the 50-m by 175-m test area, the vegetation leaf area index varied from 0.1 to 4.8 and laser measured vegetation height ranged from 0.1-m to 1.9-m. The high-resolution laser radar data are used to estimate high-resolution leaf area index from the coarse PAR ceptometer measurements. These data, combined with local meteorological data, are then used to model the spatial (0.5-m) distribution of surface heat flux under a vegetation canopy. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ballard, JR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5779-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5794 BP 875 EP 881 DI 10.1117/12.604276 PN 1-2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCR67 UT WOS:000230951400087 ER PT S AU Doheny, RC Burke, S Cresci, R Ngan, P Walls, R AF Doheny, RC Burke, S Cresci, R Ngan, P Walls, R BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Handheld Standoff Mine Detection System (HSTAMIDS) field evaluation in Thailand SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE landmine detection; HSTAMIDS; AN/PSS-14; multisensor; humanitarian demining AB The Humanitarian Demining Research and Development Program of Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD), under the direction of the Office of Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict (OASD/SOLIC) and with participation from the International Test and Evaluation Project (ITEP) for Humanitarian Demining, conducted an in-country field evaluation of HSTAMIDS in the region of Humanitarian Demining Unit #1 (HMAU1) in Thailand. Participants included the US Humanitarian Demining Team of NVESD, ITEP personnel, Thailand Mine Action Center (TMAC), HALO Trust organization from Cambodia, and CyTerra Corporation. The primary objectives were to demonstrate the performance of the U.S. Army's latest handheld multisensor mine detector, the AN/PSS-14, in a demining environment in comparison to the performance of the metal detector being used by the local deminers and also to assess the performance of the trained deminers after limited experience and training with the HSTAMIDS. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, ATTN,AMSRD,CER,NV,CM,HD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Doheny, RC (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, ATTN,AMSRD,CER,NV,CM,HD, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 2 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5779-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5794 BP 889 EP 900 DI 10.1117/12.617920 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCR67 UT WOS:000230951400089 ER PT S AU Harr, R Polcha, M AF Harr, R Polcha, M BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Preliminary investigation of the reststrahlen phenomenology at low-grazing angles SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets X CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Forward-Looking Ground Penetrating Radar; infrared; reststrahlen AB Detection of buried and flush buried landmines has been dangerous and time consuming for both military and humanitarian de-mining personnel throughout the world. In an effort to make the process safer, faster, and more reliable, scientists have successfully employed Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) systems in nadir and near nadir viewing angles. Leveraging this successful technology, Forward-Looking Ground Penetrating Radar (FLGPR) technology, using low grazing angles, is being developed which promises to provide an increase in detection stand-off distance thereby increasing safety of personnel during land-based mine detection efforts. However, the application of GPR for the detection of buried plastic mines has been problematic, resulting in much lower than acceptable detection rates for plastic mine targets. To overcome this deficiency, research has begun to exploit the combination of broadband and hyper-spectral passive electro-optical technologies with GPR technologies. One such embodiment is to use Forward Looking InfraRed (FLIR) technology with the intention to augment the capability of, and overcome limitations inherent to, current FLGPR technology. The emphasis in using FLIR is to understand and exploit specific spectral features which are complementary to FLGPR and exhibited by buried metal and plastic mine targets. One spectral feature being investigated is the reststrahlen emission which results when soil is excavated or disturbed. This paper is a preliminary investigation of the performance of a vehicle based FLIR camera system for detecting reststrahlen emissions from disturbed soils. Specifically, this paper will examine the robustness of the reststrahlen feature in a forward-looking low grazing angle application. The data presented in this paper was collected at an eastern US Army testing site over targets deployed in soils which had been disturbed from one day before the start of the collection. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Harr, R (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5779-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5794 BP 978 EP 987 DI 10.1117/12.621565 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCR67 UT WOS:000230951400097 ER PT S AU Carter, R Jadaan, O AF Carter, Robert Jadaan, Osama BE Brito, ME Filip, P Lewinsohn, C Sayir, A Opeka, M Mullins, MW TI THE EFFECTS OF INCORPORATING SYSTEM LEVEL VARIABILITY INTO THE RELIABILITY ANALYSIS FOR CERAMIC COMPONENTS SO DEVELOPMENTS IN ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 23-28, 2005 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Probabilistic failure analyses evaluate the effects of strength variability in brittle materials on the design of ceramic components. However, strength is not the only stochastic parameter in ceramic components and making such an assumption can result in failed designs. Other variable parameters such as geometry, fabrication, materials, and service load histories should also be considered when evaluating the total probability of failure for the component. Slight variations in these variables can alter the stress distribution within the ceramic, and change the probabilities of failure for the system. This effort demonstrates an approach for incorporating the statistical scatter in material properties and system conditions, as well as the Weibull properties of the ceramic in the probability of failure calculations. The evaluated system is an internally pressurized ceramic tube with a steel sheath that imparts a pre-stress through a shrink-fit operation. Two analyses have been performed where the initial analysis is deterministic in nature, in that there is no variability in the inputs to the Weibull analysis. The first analysis calculates the optimal geometry and pre-stress levels for the lowest probability of failure. The second analysis was performed using ANSYS PDS (Probabilistic Design System) and CARES/Life software to evaluate the total probability of failure for a more realistic system with variability in the different material properties, Weibull parameters, pre-stress levels, pressure loading, and geometric inputs. The results of the PDS analysis illustrate that the probability of failure is not a single value, as defined by the first analysis, but a range spanning several orders of magnitude. C1 [Carter, Robert] Army Res Lab, Div Mat, Ordnance Mat Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Carter, R (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Div Mat, Ordnance Mat Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-57498-261-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2005 VL 26 IS 8 BP 253 EP 260 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BMZ43 UT WOS:000273977200027 ER PT S AU Potrepka, D Tidrow, S Tauber, A Crowne, F Rod, B AF Potrepka, D Tidrow, S Tauber, A Crowne, F Rod, B BE Nair, KM Guo, R Bhalla, AS Hirano, SI Suvorov, D TI Temperature and frequency dependence of dielectric properties in BST SO DEVELOPMENTS IN DIELECTRIC MATERIALS AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID PHASE SHIFTERS AB Substitution on B-sites in the perovskite oxide system Ba1-xSr1-xTiO3, has yielded materials suitable for relatively ternperature-insensitive, electric-field-tunable microwave devices. Single-phase cubic perovskites whose properties include room-temperature tunabilities as large as 30% at 1 V/mum and nearly temperature-independent dielectric constant and tunability over most of the military specified temperature range, -55 to 125 degreesC, have been achieved for 10 Hz less than or equal to f less than or equal to 1 MHz in the charge compensated system Ba1-xSrxTi1-2yCyDyO3, where C is Ho, Er, Tm, Lu, Sc, Y. or In. and D is Ta or Sb, with 0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.2, and 0 < y less than or equal to 0.10. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Tidrow, Steven/C-8133-2013 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-188-9 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2005 VL 167 BP 57 EP 66 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BBP75 UT WOS:000226956800007 ER PT S AU Ballato, A AF Ballato, A BE Nair, KM Guo, R Bhalla, AS Hirano, SI Suvorov, D TI Multilayer devices comprised of piezoceramic thin films on dielectric substrates SO DEVELOPMENTS IN DIELECTRIC MATERIALS AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID CONSTANTS; RESONATORS; CRYSTALS; QUARTZ AB Nano-structures for telecommunications and sensing applications will continue to become increasingly more intricate [1]. They will operate at higher frequencies, and will incorporate various processing and actuation modalities in novel and very compact architectures. One of these modalities is anisotropic acoustics. To facilitate the progress of more sophisticated integrated structures, this paper discusses relevant bulk acoustic wave parameters and values for a variety of anisotropic materials considered most likely to play important parts as multi-mode substrates for piezoceramic drivers. The materials fall into the cubic (e.g., Si, Ge, C(d), and GaAs), tetragonal (e.g., single-crystal ferroelectrics), hexagonal (e.g., AIN, GaN, InN), and trigonal (e.g., Al2O3, LiNbO3, langasite and its isomorphs) crystal classes. The combination of cost-effective piezoceramic thin film epilayers with highly anisotropic substrates increases the gamut of multilayer device capabilities. Circuit descriptions are also provided. C1 USA, Res Dev & Evaluat Command, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Ballato, A (reprint author), USA, Res Dev & Evaluat Command, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-188-9 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2005 VL 167 BP 259 EP 269 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BBP75 UT WOS:000226956800024 ER PT S AU Potrepka, D Tidrow, S Polcawich, R AF Potrepka, D Tidrow, S Polcawich, R BE Nair, KM Guo, R Bhalla, AS Hirano, SI Suvorov, D TI Comparison of bulk and thin-film ferroelectrics - A device perspective SO DEVELOPMENTS IN DIELECTRIC MATERIALS AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES AB The merits of thin film materials for device applications have typically been presented as an improvement due to their potential for low voltage operation and lightweight portability. However, the challenges of transforming desirable properties observed in bulk materials and devices to films are often daunting and implementation unrealized. An overview of all the major properties of interest is given and comparison made between thin film and bulk materials and devices, emphasizing the strengths and weaknesses posed by thin film processes to replace their bulk counterparts. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Potrepka, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Tidrow, Steven/C-8133-2013 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-188-9 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2005 VL 167 BP 345 EP 351 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BBP75 UT WOS:000226956800032 ER PT J AU Belfort, RS Harrison, S Brown, K Darland, C Finch, J Tio, F Gastaldelli, A Hardies, J Berria, R Dwivedi, S Havranek, R Balas, B Fincke, C DeFronzo, R Cusi, K AF Belfort, RS Harrison, S Brown, K Darland, C Finch, J Tio, F Gastaldelli, A Hardies, J Berria, R Dwivedi, S Havranek, R Balas, B Fincke, C DeFronzo, R Cusi, K TI Role of pioglitazone (PIO) in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-Diabetes CY SEP 10-15, 2005 CL Athens, GREECE SP European Assoc Study Diabet C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Diabet, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, San Antonio, TX USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Div Pathol, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PY 2005 VL 48 SU 1 MA 770 BP A280 EP A280 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 962OX UT WOS:000231743201367 ER PT J AU Veerappan, GR Mulhall, BP Holtzmuller, KC AF Veerappan, GR Mulhall, BP Holtzmuller, KC TI Vaccination-induced autoimmune hepatitis SO DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE autoimmune hepatitis; vaccination; immunization; diagnosis; hepatitis autoimmune; presentation C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Veerappan, GR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM ganesh.veerappan@na.amedd.army.mil NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0163-2116 J9 DIGEST DIS SCI JI Dig. Dis. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 1 BP 212 EP 213 DI 10.1007/s10620-005-1303-z PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 894SB UT WOS:000226810800036 PM 15712663 ER PT J AU Ray, R Hauck, S Kramer, R Benton, B AF Ray, R Hauck, S Kramer, R Benton, B TI A convenient fluorometric method to study sulfur mustard-induced apoptosis in human epidermal keratinocytes monolayer microplate culture SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; fluorometric apoptosis assay; human epidermal keratinocytes; monolayer culture; sulfur mustard ID ACTIVATION; MICE AB Sulfur mustard [SM; bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide], which causes skin blistering or vesication [(1991). Histo- and cytopathology of acute epithelial lesions. In: Papirmeister, B., Feister, A. J., Robinson, S. I., Ford, R. D., eds. Medical Defense Against Mustard Gas: Toxic Mechanisms and Pharmacological Implications. Boca Raton: CRC Press, pp. 43-78.], is a chemical warfare agent as well as a potential terrorism agent. SM-induced skin blistering is believed to be due to epidermal-dermal detachment as a result of epidermal basal cell death via apoptosis and/or necrosis. Regarding the role of apoptosis in SM pathology in animal skin, the results obtained in several laboratories, including ours, suggest the following: 1) cell death due to SM begins via apoptosis that proceeds to necrosis via an apoptotic-necrotic continuum and 2) inhibiting apoptosis decreases SM-induced microvesication in vivo. To study the mechanisms of SM-induced apoptosis and its prevention in vitro, we have established a convenient fluorometric apoptosis assay using monolayer human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) adaptable for multiwell plates (24-, 96-, or 384-well) and high-throughput applications. This assay allows replication and multiple types of experimental manipulation in sister cultures so that the apoptotic mechanisms and the effects of test compounds can be compared statistically. SM affects diverse cellular mechanisms, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ homeostasis, mitochondrial functions, energy metabolism, and death receptors, each of which can independently trigger apoptosis. However, the biochemical pathway in any of these apoptotic mechanisms is characterized by a pathway-specific sequence of caspases, among which caspase-3 is a key member. Therefore, we exposed 80-90% confluent HEK cultures to SM and monitored apoptosis by measuring the fluorescence generated due to hydrolysis of a fluorogenic caspase-3 substrate (acetyl- or benzyl oxycarbonyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-fluorochrome, also designated as AC-or Z-DEVD- fluorochrome) added to the assay medium. Fluorescence was measured using a plate reader. We used two types of substrates, one (Sigma-Aldrich, CASP-3-F) required cell disruption and the other (Beckman-Coulter CellProbe HT Caspase-3/7 Whole Cell Assay Kit) was cell permeable. The latter substrate was useful in experiments such as determining the time-course of apoptosis immediately following SM exposure without disruption (e.g., due to cell processing). In SM-exposed HEK, fluorescence generated from the fluorogenic caspase-3 substrate hydrolysis increased in a time (0-24 h) and concentration (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 mM) dependent manner. SM caused maximum fluorescence at about 0.5 mM. However, at 2 mM SM, fluorescence decreased compared with 0.5 mM, which remains to be explained. Following 0.3 mM SM exposure, which is considered to be the in vitro equivalent of a vesicating dose in vivo (Smith, W. J., Sanders, K. M., Ruddle, S. E., Gross, C. L. (1993). Cytometric analysis of DNA changes induced by sulfur mustard. J. Toxicol.-Cut. Ocular Toxicol. 12(4):337-347.), a small fluorescence increase was observed at 6 to 8 h, which was markedly higher at 12 h. At 24 h, all SM concentrations increased fluorescence. Fluorescence increase due to SM was prevented 100% by a caspase-3-specific peptide inhibitor AC-DEVD-CHO (acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde, 0.1 mM), but less effectively by a general caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK (benzyl oxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone, 0.01 mM), indicating that the fluorescence increase was due to caspase-3-mediated apoptosis. These results suggest potential applications of this method to study apoptosis mechanisms involving caspase-3 substrates and possibly those involving other caspase substrates. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Biochem Pharmacol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Ray, R (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Biochem Pharmacol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM radharaman.ray@apg.amedd.army.mil NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2005 VL 28 IS 1 BP 105 EP 116 DI 10.1081/DCT-200039731 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 894HC UT WOS:000226780600008 PM 15720039 ER PT J AU Buckenmaier, CC Bleckner, LL AF Buckenmaier, CC Bleckner, LL TI Anaesthetic agents for advanced regional anaesthesia - A North American perspective SO DRUGS LA English DT Review ID BRACHIAL-PLEXUS ANESTHESIA; SCIATIC-NERVE BLOCK; TRANSIENT NEUROLOGIC SYMPTOMS; SPINAL-ANESTHESIA; LOCAL-ANESTHETICS; POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA; EPIDURAL ANALGESIA; 0.5-PERCENT ROPIVACAINE; CESAREAN DELIVERY; 0.75-PERCENT ROPIVACAINE AB Interest in the use of regional anaesthesia, particularly peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) and continuous PNBs, has increased in recent years. Accompanying this resurgence in interest has been the development of new local anaesthetics and additives designed to enhance block duration and quality. This manuscript provides a literature-based review on accepted uses of local anaesthetics and adjuncts for a variety of regional anaesthesia techniques. A brief review of local anaesthetic pharmacodynamics describes the action of these drugs in preventing nerve depolarisation, thus blocking nerve impulses. Toxic adverse effects of local anaesthetics, specifically CNS and cardiac manifestations of excessive local anaesthetic blood concentrations and the direct neurotoxic properties of local anaesthetics, are discussed generally and specifically for many commonly used local anaesthetics. Clinically useful ester and amide local anaesthetics. are evaluated individually in terms of their physical properties and toxic potential. How these properties impact on the clinical uses of each local anaesthetic is explored. Particular emphasis is placed on the long-acting local anaesthetic toxic potential of racemic bupivacaine compared with levobupivacaine and ropivacaine, which are both levorotatory stereoisomers. Guidelines for using ropivacaine and mepivacaine, based on the authors' experience using advanced regional anaesthesia in a busy practice, is provided. Finally, epinephrine (adrenaline), clonidine and other local anaesthetic additives and their rationale for use is covered along with other future possibilities. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Univ Hlth Sci, Uniformed Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Buckenmaier, CC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. EM Chester.Buckenmaier@us.army.mil OI Buckenmaier III, Chester/0000-0003-3623-5525 NR 148 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 0012-6667 J9 DRUGS JI Drugs PY 2005 VL 65 IS 6 BP 745 EP 759 DI 10.2165/00003495-200565060-00003 PG 15 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 921UW UT WOS:000228791800003 PM 15819588 ER PT J AU Gelmont, B Woolard, D AF Gelmont, B Woolard, D TI Interband-resonant-tunneling-diode (I-RTD) vertical-cavity laser SO DYNAMICS OF CONTINUOUS DISCRETE AND IMPULSIVE SYSTEMS-SERIES B-APPLICATIONS & ALGORITHMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Engineering Applications and Computational Algorithms CY JUL 27-29, 2005 CL Univ Guelph, Guelph, CANADA SP DCDIS HO Univ Guelph ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS AB A new concept is presented for realizing vertical-cavity lasers based on an interband-resonant-tunneling-diode (I-RTD). Model equations are derived in terms of material and structure parameters for predicting the output power in an I-RTD laser device constructed of InAs/AlGaSb layers. Simulation results suggest that the radiation output power in this I-RTD laser can be achieved of the order of 5 mw for mA levels of interband current. C1 Univ Virginia, ECE Dept, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gelmont, B (reprint author), Univ Virginia, ECE Dept, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM gb7k@virginia.edu; dwight.woolard@ius.army.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATAM PRESS PI WATERLOO PA C/O DCDIS JOURNAL, 317 KAREN PLACE, WATERLOO, ONTARIO N2L 6K8, CANADA SN 1492-8760 J9 DYNAM CONT DIS SER B JI Dyn. Contin. Discret. Impuls. Syst. Ser. B-Appl. Algorithms PY 2005 VL 2 SI SI BP 541 EP 546 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 962FQ UT WOS:000231716800016 ER PT J AU Zhao, PJ Woolard, D AF Zhao, PJ Woolard, D TI Wigner-Poisson model based nano-electronic engineering modeling and design SO DYNAMICS OF CONTINUOUS DISCRETE AND IMPULSIVE SYSTEMS-SERIES B-APPLICATIONS & ALGORITHMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Engineering Applications and Computational Algorithms CY JUL 27-29, 2005 CL Univ Guelph, Guelph, CANADA SP DCDIS HO Univ Guelph ID RESONANT-TUNNELING STRUCTURES; QUANTUM TRANSPORT-EQUATIONS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; VARYING EFFECTIVE-MASS; FUNCTION FORMULATION; MULTIBAND SEMICONDUCTORS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; SYSTEMS; DEVICES AB Carrier transport in nanoseale devices has been widely investigated in recent years by using Wigner function formalism of quantum transport theories for its single picture and its ability to incorporate quantum effects such as interference and resonant tunneling, as well as handling scattering between phonons and carriers in a natural way. In this article, we review the progress of research on using the Wigner - Poisson model in nanoelectronic engineering modeling and design. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Lab, ARO Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Zhao, PJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATAM PRESS PI WATERLOO PA C/O DCDIS JOURNAL, 317 KAREN PLACE, WATERLOO, ONTARIO N2L 6K8, CANADA SN 1492-8760 J9 DYNAM CONT DIS SER B JI Dyn. Contin. Discret. Impuls. Syst. Ser. B-Appl. Algorithms PY 2005 VL 2 SI SI BP 854 EP 859 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 962FQ UT WOS:000231716800075 ER PT J AU Xu, K Zhang, SS Jow, TR AF Xu, K Zhang, SS Jow, TR TI LiBOB as additive in LiP(F)6-based lithium ion electrolytes SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERFACE; BATTERIES; BIS(OXALATO)BORATE; CARBONATE AB Lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) was tested as an additive in propylene carbonate (PC)-rich electrolytes that uses LiPF6 as the conductive solute. At as low as 5% molar LiBOB showed a distinctive additive effect, i.e., its participation in the initial surface chemistry on graphitic anode surface effectively prevented exfoliation. This property of LiBOB provides an opportunity of formulating PC-rich electrolytes with improvements in rate capabilities and performances at both high and low temperatures, as compared with the electrolytes based on LiPF6 or LiBOB as the sole electrolyte solute. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensor & Electron Device Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Xu, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensor & Electron Device Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM cxu@arl.army.mil RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110 NR 16 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2005 VL 8 IS 7 BP A365 EP A368 DI 10.1149/1.1924930 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 938KN UT WOS:000229999200009 ER PT S AU Ludwig, GV AF Ludwig, GV BE Berencsi, G Khan, AS Halouzka, J TI Diagnostics development research within the US biological defense research programme SO EMERGING BIOLOGICAL THREATS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SUB-SERIES I: LIFE AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Emerging Biological Threat CY OCT 05-08, 2003 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP NATO ID IDENTIFICATION AB The U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease's program for development of diagnostic technologies for defense against biological weapons is focused on Supporting unit readiness by improving the health of soldiers in the field. The program explores the use of orthogonal technologies to detect Multiple agent biomarkers to provide a high level of confidence to the diagnostic questions being asked. Currently, the program research goals are focused in four major areas: assay development. biological target identification, technology assessment, and testing and evaluation. Research conducted over the last seven years has led to the fielding of a large number of real-time nucleic acid detection assays and improved immuno assays capable of detecting all of the major biothreat agents. Future research efforts, are focused oil integration of technologies into a single device capable of providing high confidence diagnostics to forward deployed troops. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Ludwig, GV (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-7693 BN 1-58603-555-X J9 NATO SCI SER I LIFE PY 2005 VL 370 BP 84 EP 92 PG 9 WC Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BEA22 UT WOS:000236404300012 ER PT S AU Swietnicki, W Saikh, KU Kissner, T Dyas, BK Sultana, A Ulrich, RG AF Swietnicki, W Saikh, KU Kissner, T Dyas, BK Sultana, A Ulrich, RG BE Berencsi, G Khan, AS Halouzka, J TI New molecular targets for control of Yersinia pestis infection SO EMERGING BIOLOGICAL THREATS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SUB-SERIES I: LIFE AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Emerging Biological Threat CY OCT 05-08, 2003 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP NATO ID YOP SECRETION MACHINERY; III SECRETION; NEEDLE COMPLEX; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; PLAGUE; ENTEROCOLITICA; PROTEIN; MACROPHAGES AB Infrequent infections of domestic animals and humans by Yersinia pestis, all endemic bacterial pathogen in many regions of the world, is a result or transmission by the bite of an infected flea and usually terminates with regional lymphadenitis (bubonic plague). However, progression to bacterial septicemia may result in lung colonization, organ failure and death in a high percentage of patients unless infection is controlled by early intervention with antibiotics. Due to the highly virulent nature of infections caused by inhalation of bacterial aerosols Y. pestis is listed by federal agencies as a Biodefense Category A pathogen. The protected intracellular bacterial growth of the earliest stage of infection suggest that cytolytic T cells (CTL) and innate immunity are critical to bacterial clearance. Several protein antigens recognized by CTL or antibodies are expressed by Y. pestis as components of the type III secretion system. Vaccine or therapeutic strategies targeting this virulence assembly may have the added benefit of providing cross-species protection. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Lab Mol Immunol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Swietnicki, W (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Lab Mol Immunol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-7693 BN 1-58603-555-X J9 NATO SCI SER I LIFE PY 2005 VL 370 BP 93 EP 100 PG 8 WC Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BEA22 UT WOS:000236404300013 ER PT S AU Khan, AS Valdes, J AF Khan, AS Valdes, J BE Berencsi, G Khan, AS Halouzka, J TI Biological toxins and super-antigens as an emerging biological threat SO EMERGING BIOLOGICAL THREATS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SUB-SERIES I: LIFE AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Emerging Biological Threat CY OCT 05-08, 2003 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP NATO AB The current revolution in biology especially genomics and proteomics. has identified genes encoding tor new biological toxins and super-antigens. There is growing concern within both scientific defense and intelligence communities that this constitutes a serious potential for misuse as offensive biological weapons. Currently, sequences of close to 50 microbial genomes have been completed and the sequences of more than 100 genomes should be completed within the next 2 to 5 years. These sequences will encode a collection of > 200.000 predicted coding sequences which will code for important functional proteins, as well as potential new biological toxins and super-antigens. Completed sequences of microbial genomes provide an excellent Source to study the physiology and evolution of microbial species and expands our ability to better assign functions to the newly predicted coding sequence. Comparative analysis of sequences for multiple genomes will provide Substantially more information on the emerging and re-emerging, new biological toxins and superantigens, and this information will be very valuable in the discovery of new signature sequences to enhance bio-detection, protection and treatment. A model comparative analysis using the complete genome sequence of an M1 strain of Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as group A streptococci (GAS) which is a strict human pathogen with no other known reservoir pr affected species will be discussed. C1 USA, Mol Engn Team, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Khan, AS (reprint author), CBM, DTRA, 8725 John J Kingman Rd,MS 6201, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. EM akbar.khan1@us.army.mil; akbar.khan1@us.army.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-7693 BN 1-58603-555-X J9 NATO SCI SER I LIFE PY 2005 VL 370 BP 104 EP 108 PG 5 WC Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BEA22 UT WOS:000236404300015 ER PT S AU Stopa, PJ Morgan, J AF Stopa, PJ Morgan, J BE Berencsi, G Khan, AS Halouzka, J TI Strategies for the detection of unknown biological materials SO EMERGING BIOLOGICAL THREATS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SUB-SERIES I: LIFE AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Emerging Biological Threat CY OCT 05-08, 2003 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP NATO ID FLOW-CYTOMETRY; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; BACTERIAL-CELLS; IDENTIFICATION; FLUORESCENCE; AEROSOLS; SPORES AB One has to be first become aware that the possibility does indeed exist that "unconventional" biological agents be encountered in the field. There are a variety of strategies that could be implemented in either trigger or detection platforms that could be used to detect signatures from biological agents and possibly determine that they could present a danger to health and life. However, we need to change our paradigms on how we think about the problem. The most important thing is to provide a detection and warning system that exploits credible signatures so that those in peril can take the appropriate protective measures. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSRD, ECB,ENP,MC,E3549, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Stopa, PJ (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSRD, ECB,ENP,MC,E3549, 5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-7693 BN 1-58603-555-X J9 NATO SCI SER I LIFE PY 2005 VL 370 BP 125 EP 135 PG 11 WC Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BEA22 UT WOS:000236404300018 ER PT J AU Li, P Lee, C Corner, B AF Li, P Lee, C Corner, B TI Computing surface area and volume of prachutes from 3D scans SO ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONS LA English DT Article DE surface properties of materials; image processing; numerical analysis; estimation AB Purpose - To explore three-dimensional scanning technology in capturing the shape of inflated parachutes for accurate estimation of surface area and volume. Design/methodology/approach - The volume and surface area of an inflated round parachute are important parameters for the design and analysis of its performance. However, it is difficult to acquire the three-dimensional (3D) surface shape of a parachute due to its flexible fabric and dynamic movement. This paper presents how we collect 3D data with a laser scanner and calculate volume and surface area of parachutes from their scans. The necessary data clean and approximation steps with non-uniform B-spline function are introduced and implemented. Numerical integration methods are employed to estimate surface area and volume. The approximation of the parachute based on an ellipsoid is compared with the numerical integration approach in their volumes and surface areas. Findings - It is found that 3D scanning technology, with help of mathematic program developed, provides a feasible mean to estimate the surface area and volume of inflated parachutes. The numerical integration method derived in this paper is reliable and robust for the computation. Originality/value - It is the first time that the 3D shape of an inflated parachute has been scanned with a laser scanner. The mathematical methods developed for processing of scan data are useful for others who use 3D scanning technology. The computational approach and results of surface area and volume of inflated parachutes are valuable to parachute performance modeling and design community. C1 Geocenters Inc, Natick, MA USA. USA, Natick Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA USA. RP Li, P (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, Natick, MA USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0264-4401 J9 ENG COMPUTATION JI Eng. Comput. PY 2005 VL 22 IS 3-4 BP 393 EP 408 DI 10.1108/02644400510598741 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 945OK UT WOS:000230511600006 ER PT J AU Krinitzsky, EL AF Krinitzsky, EL TI Earthquakes and soil liquefaction in flood stories of the ancient Near East SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil liquefaction; earthquakes; Genesis; Koran; Gilgamesh; Bull of Heaven; Scriptures; flood; oven; fountains AB Flood stories in the Hebrew Bible and the Koran appear to be derived from earlier flood stories like those in the Gilgamesh Epic and still earlier in the Atrahasis. All would have their source from floods of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The Gilgamesh Epic magnifies the catastrophe by having the flood begin with winds, lightning, and a shattering of the earth, or earthquake. Elsewhere in Gilgarnesh, an earthquake can be shown to have produced pits and chasms along with gushing of water. It is commonly observed that earthquake shaking causes water to gush from the ground and leaves pits and open fissures. The process is known as soil liquefaction. Earthquake is also a possible explanation for the verse "all the fountains of the great deep (were) broken up" that began the Flood in Genesis. Traditionally, the "great deep" was the ocean bottom. A more recent translation substitutes "burst" for "broken up" in describing the fountains, suggesting that they erupted at the ground surface and were caused by an earthquake with soil liquefaction. Another relation between soil liquefaction and the Flood is found in the Koran where the Flood starts when "water gushed forth from the oven". Soil liquefaction observed erupting preferentially into houses during an earthquake provides a logical interpretation if the oven is seen as a tiny house. A case can be made that earthquakes with soil liquefaction are embedded in all of these flood stones. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Waterways Expt Stn,Geotech & Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Krinitzsky, EL (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Waterways Expt Stn,Geotech & Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Ellis.L.Krinitzsky@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 17 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 3-4 BP 295 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2004.07.027 PG 17 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 888LQ UT WOS:000226376000007 ER PT B AU Williams, CGH AF Williams, Colonel Garland H. TI Engineering Peace: The Military Role in Postconflict Reconstruction SO ENGINEERING PEACE: THE MILITARY ROLE IN POSTCONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION LA English DT Article; Book C1 [Williams, Colonel Garland H.] USA, Washington, DC 20314 USA. [Williams, Colonel Garland H.] 16th Armored Engineer Battal, Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Williams, Colonel Garland H.] Allied Forces So Europe, Contingency Engn, Bagnoli, Italy. [Williams, Colonel Garland H.] US Inst Peace, Washington, DC USA. RP Williams, CGH (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20314 USA. NR 150 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US INST PEACE PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA BN 978-1-929223-57-2 PY 2005 BP 3 EP + PG 299 WC Economics; International Relations; Political Science SC Business & Economics; International Relations; Government & Law GA BWC31 UT WOS:000293423400001 ER PT B AU Castellani, JW Young, AJ Sawka, MN AF Castellani, JW Young, AJ Sawka, MN BE Tochihara, Y Ohnaka, T TI The effects of exhaustive exercise on thermoregulatory fatigue during cold exposure SO Environmental Ergonomics: THE ERGONOMICS OF HUMAN COMFORT, HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE IN THE THERMAL ENVIRONMENT SE ELSEVIER ERGONOMICS BOOK SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Environmental Ergonomics CY SEP 23-27, 2002 CL Fukuoka, JAPAN DE alpha-adrenergic; hypothermia; shivering; thermoregulatory fatigue; vasoconstriction ID ACCIDENT PREVENTION; MEDICAL COMMISSION; HYPOTHERMIA; RESPONSES; SLEEP AB Cold exposure facilitates body heat losses that, unless mitigated by vasoconstriction or shivering, thermogenesis, will cause lower body temperatures. Fatigue associated with chronic overexertion altered both vasoconstriction and shivering responses causing core temperature to decrease when exposed to cold. The question we posed is: do the physiological mechanisms elicited to maintain core body temperature `fatigue', such that shivering and vasoconstriction are blunted during subsequent cold stress? This overview will focus on findings examining whether multiple stressors (fatigue combined with energy deficit and sleep deprivation over 9 weeks or 72 h) or individual stressors, such as acute exercise (1 h), and chronic exertional fatigue (3-7 days), compromise the ability to maintain thermal balance in the cold. Laboratory studies employed experimental design controls to isolate the effect of exercise from other consequences of exertion (initial core temperature, hypoglycemia) in order to study the independent effect of fatigue on thermoregulatory responses to cold. Results suggest that prior physical exercise may predispose a person to greater heat loss and to experience a larger decline in core temperature when subsequently exposed to cold air. The combination of exercise intensity and duration studied in these experiments did not fatigue the shivering response to cold exposure. Cold-induced increments in circulating norepinephrine, a marker of sympathetic nervous stimulation, appear unaffected by acute or chronic exertional fatigue. However, the possibility that fatigue impairs thermoregulatory responses to cold by mechanisms related to blunted peripheral vasoconstriction to sympathetic nervous stimulation merits further study. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044466-0 J9 ELS ERG B S PY 2005 VL 3 BP 135 EP 140 DI 10.1016/S1572-347X(05)80023-0 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Ergonomics; Physiology SC Biophysics; Engineering; Physiology GA BCS49 UT WOS:000231046300023 ER PT B AU Endrusick, TL Gonzalez, JA Gonzalez, RR AF Endrusick, TL Gonzalez, JA Gonzalez, RR BE Tochihara, Y Ohnaka, T TI Improved comfort of US military chemical and biological protective clothing SO Environmental Ergonomics: THE ERGONOMICS OF HUMAN COMFORT, HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE IN THE THERMAL ENVIRONMENT SE ELSEVIER ERGONOMICS BOOK SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Environmental Ergonomics CY SEP 23-27, 2002 CL Fukuoka, JAPAN DE thermal comfort; thermal stress; chemical and biological protective clothing ID ENVIRONMENT; WORK; HEAT AB Since 1962, US military researchers have engaged in a concerted effort to improve the thermal comfort of chemical and biological (CB) protective clothing ensembles. Although current-issue CB protective ensembles have benefited from this work, full encapsulation within these multi-layered, low-permeability garments still severely limits human tolerance, especially in the heat. This chapter will describe testing methods, research findings, and improved CB ensembles that have been developed for the US military services. Early CB ensembles were virtually impermeable and presented a serious health hazard to the wearer. In the early 1960s, protective textiles were evaluated for thermal and water vapor resistance using a guarded, heated flat-plate apparatus. Prototype overgarments employing improved activated carbon foam layers were then tested on thermal manikins outfitted with wettable cotton skins. In the late 1960s, biophysical data from the manikins were integrated with human volunteer trial data to make simple predictions of core temperature and heart rate. These predictive models further evolved to accurately describe sweat rates, hydration requirements, and safe work/rest cycles in a range of exercise intensities and environmental conditions. Carbon foam absorption remained the method of CB protection until 1995 when testing began to focus on thinner materials using microencapsulated carbon spheres. Current testing is being conducted on extremely thin, selectively permeable membranes (SPM) as the basis for lighter, highly breathable CB overgarments. This active testing program has allowed military textile technologists to produce prototype CB protective clothing that has gradually increased wearer thermal comfort. 25 years of prototype improvements were adopted to maximize the limited evaporative cooling potential of the carbon foam-based US Army Standard Battle Dress Overgarment (BDO). Extensive multi-service testing replaced the BDO with the lighter, more comfortable Joint Service Lightweight Integrated Suit, offering longer human tolerance times for an expanded military population. Initial manikin testing of SPM technology shows that evaporative resistance is markedly reduced, along with lower thermal resistance, thereby improving overall evaporative potential and improving user performance in hot environments. Biophysical analyses, predictive modeling, and physiological wear trials have been instrumental in improving the thermal comfort capabilities of military CB protective clothing systems. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Biophys & Biomed Modeling Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044466-0 J9 ELS ERG B S PY 2005 VL 3 BP 369 EP 373 DI 10.1016/S1572-347X(05)80058-8 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Ergonomics; Physiology SC Biophysics; Engineering; Physiology GA BCS49 UT WOS:000231046300058 ER PT B AU Endrusick, TL Cole, ID Matonich, PM AF Endrusick, TL Cole, ID Matonich, PM BE Tochihara, Y Ohnaka, T TI Effects of simulated sustained operations on the thermal insulation of military footwear SO Environmental Ergonomics: THE ERGONOMICS OF HUMAN COMFORT, HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE IN THE THERMAL ENVIRONMENT SE ELSEVIER ERGONOMICS BOOK SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Environmental Ergonomics CY SEP 23-27, 2002 CL Fukuoka, JAPAN DE sustained operations; thermal foot model; military footwear; non-freezing cold injury AB This study investigated the effects of a simulated environmental exposure on the thermal insulation of an improved version of a military boot designed for use in cold and wet environments. A thermal foot model (TFM) measured total boot and localized (toes and heel) thermal resistance (R, m(2) (.) K (.) W-1) values of the standard (non-removable insulation) and the new version (removable/replaceable insulation bootee) of the US Army Intermediate Cold Wet Boot (ICWB). The 5-day test consisted of three phases: day 1 where the boot was tested on the heated (30 C) TFM in a dry condition to establish initial R values at a chamber temperature and relative humidity of 20 C and 25%, respectively; day 2 where the boot was externally wetted for 24 h while standing in 10 cm of water with the temperature and humidity increased to 25 degrees C and 50%, respectively; and days 3-5 where the water was removed and the boot was evaluated at day 1 conditions. Initial TFM R values for the total boot show no significant difference between the standard (0.203) and newer version (0.192) of the ICWB. The 24-h water exposure however, resulted in a reduction of 60% of the standard boot's initial R compared to a 35% reduction for the new boot. Furthermore, the water exposure caused significantly higher R losses in the toe (74%) and heel (72%) regions when compared to the new boot (54% and 49%, respectively). At the end of day 5, the standard boot had regained 94% of initial R compared to a 100% regain for the new boot. Initial dry weights of the standard and new boots were 1.02 and 1.19 kg, respectively. Water exposure increased the weight of the standard boot by 23% compared to a 14% increase for the new boot. At the end of day 5, the standard boot still retained 4% of the absorbed water while the new boot had completely dried, returning to initial weight. Although the new iCWB was slightly heavier, it absorbed less water during a 24-h wetting, retained more insulating ability when wet, and dried more completely than the standard ICWB. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044466-0 J9 ELS ERG B S PY 2005 VL 3 BP 389 EP 393 DI 10.1016/S1572-347X(05)80062-X PG 5 WC Biophysics; Ergonomics; Physiology SC Biophysics; Engineering; Physiology GA BCS49 UT WOS:000231046300062 ER PT B AU Pandolf, KB Moran, DS AF Pandolf, KB Moran, DS BE Tochihara, Y Ohnaka, T TI Recent heat and cold strain predictive indices SO Environmental Ergonomics: THE ERGONOMICS OF HUMAN COMFORT, HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE IN THE THERMAL ENVIRONMENT SE ELSEVIER ERGONOMICS BOOK SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Environmental Ergonomics CY SEP 23-27, 2002 CL Fukuoka, JAPAN DE core temperature; heart rate; mean skin temperature; predictive indices; rectal temperature ID PHYSIOLOGICAL STRAIN; EXERCISE INTENSITY; STRESS; MEN AB Recent heat and cold strain predictive indices have been developed. The physiological strain index (PSI), based on rectal temperature and heart rate, is capable of indicating heat strain online and analyzing existing databases. Six studies, containing eight databases were analyzed to evaluate PSI for different climates, hydration levels, clothing, exercise intensities, gender, and aging. PSI was capable of differentiating (p < 0.05) between all of these conditions and some combinations of conditions. Our cold strain index (CSI), based on core and mean skin temperatures, is able to indicate cold strain in real time and analyze existing databases. Three studies containing three databases were analyzed in order to evaluate CSI for different cold air and cold-water immersion conditions. CSI differentiated (p < 0.01) between the conditions for two of these three databases. However, further study is required to possibly adjust CSI for a wider range of cold air and water temperatures, and to consider the effects of physical exercise. Both PSI and CSI rate heat and cold strain on a universal scale of 0-10. Both indices have the potential to be widely accepted and used universally for many scenarios. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044466-0 J9 ELS ERG B S PY 2005 VL 3 BP 487 EP 494 DI 10.1016/S1572-347X(05)80076-X PG 8 WC Biophysics; Ergonomics; Physiology SC Biophysics; Engineering; Physiology GA BCS49 UT WOS:000231046300076 ER PT J AU Landrum, PF Steevens, JA McElroy, M Gossiaux, DC Lewis, JS Robinson, SD AF Landrum, PF Steevens, JA McElroy, M Gossiaux, DC Lewis, JS Robinson, SD TI Time-dependent toxicity of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene to Hyalella azteca SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; Hyalella azteca; lethal residue; temporal response ID FRESH-WATER AMPHIPODS; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; BODY RESIDUES; LETHAL CONCENTRATIONS; PAH TOXICITY; MODEL; TOXICOKINETICS; BIOCONCENTRATION; BIOACCUMULATION; FLUORANTHENE AB Temporal effects on body residues of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) associated with mortality in the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca were evaluated. Toxicokinetics and body residues were determined from water-only exposures that varied from 4 to 28 d, and DDE concentrations ranging from 0.0013 to 0.045 mumol L-1. Uptake and elimination parameters were not affected significantly by the various temporal and concentration treatments. Uptake rate coefficients ranged from 134.3 to 586.7 ml g(-1) h(-1), and elimination rate coefficients ranged from 0.0011 to 0.0249 h(-1). Toxicity metric values included body residue for 50% mortality,at a fixed sample time (LR50) and mean lethal residue to produce 50% mortality from individual exposure concentrations (MLR50) for live organisms and dead organisms. A twofold increase occurred in the MLR50 values calculated using live organisms compared to MLR50 values using dead organisms. Toxicity and kinetic data were fit to a damage assessment model that allows for the time course for toxicokinetics and damage repair, demonstrating the time-dependence of body residues to toxicity. The DDE appeared to act through a nonpolar narcosis mode of action for both acute and chronic mortality in H. azteca. Furthermore, the temporal trend in the toxic response using body residue as the dose metric is steep and found to be similar to another chlorinated hydrocarbon, pentachlorobenzene, but was more potent than that found for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Landrum, PF (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM peter.landrum@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 17 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 1 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.1897/04-055R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 880XW UT WOS:000225824600027 PM 15683186 ER PT S AU Pope, J Curtis, WR AF Pope, J Curtis, WR BE Zimmermann, C Dean, RG Penchev, V Verhagen, HJ TI Innovations in coastal protection SO Environmentally Friendly Coastal Protection SE NATO Science Series IV Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Research Workshop on Environmentally Friendly Coastal Protection Structures CY MAY 25-27, 2004 CL Varna, BULGARIA SP NATO AB Shore protection strategies include adjusting the activities of man (management) and adjustments to the physical system (engineering). Engineering activities fall into three classes: coastal hardening (armoring), reducing the transport and loss of littoral sediment, and adding sediment to the littoral system. Innovations in shore protection should consider and address the processes causing the specific erosion of concern. Several demonstrations of innovations in shore protection approaches and strategies are currently being conducted in the United States. Future shore protection projects should require better assessment of the long-term cause and effect of the erosion and engineering treatments, rather than building an immediate solution to the symptom. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Pope, J (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1238 BN 1-4020-3299-4 J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences PY 2005 VL 53 BP 41 EP 56 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BCX23 UT WOS:000231721900003 ER PT J AU Hu, ZM Wu, XL Larson, SR Wang, RRC Jones, TA Chatterton, NJ Palazzo, AJ AF Hu, ZM Wu, XL Larson, SR Wang, RRC Jones, TA Chatterton, NJ Palazzo, AJ TI Detection of linkage disequilibrium QTLs controlling low-temperature growth and metabolite accumulations in an admixed breeding population of Leymus wildryes SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE admixture linkage disequilibrium (ALD); AFLP; Leymus wildryes; QTL ID DIFFERENT WHEAT CULTIVARS; CHALCONE SYNTHASE; WINTER-WHEAT; DIFFERENTIAL INHIBITION; CRESTED WHEATGRASS; COLD-ACCLIMATION; FRUCTAN; SUCROSE; RYE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Low-temperature soluble carbohydrate accumulations are commonly associated with anthocyanin coloration, attenuated growth, and cold adaptation of cool-season grasses. A total of 647 AFLP markers were tested for associations with anthocyanin coloration, tiller formation, leaf formation, cumulative leaf length, percent soluble carbohydrate, and dry matter regrowth among replicated clones of an admixed Leymus wildrye breeding population evaluated in low-temperature growth chambers. The admixed breeding population was derived from a heterogeneous population of L. cinereus x L. triticoides F-1 hybrids, with two additional generations of open pollination. Two AFLP linkage maps, constructed from two full-sib mapping populations derived from the same F-1 hybrid population, were integrated to produce a framework consensus map used to examine the distribution of marker-trait associations in the admixed F1OP2 population. Thirty-seven linkage blocks, spanning 258 cM (13.6%) of the 1895 cM consensus map, contained 119 (50%) of the 237 markers showing at least one possible trait association (P < 0.05). Moreover, 28 (68%) of the 41 most significant marker-trait associations (P < 0.005) were located in 15 QTL linkage blocks spanning 112.9 cM (6%) of the linkage map. The coincidence of these 28 significant marker-trait associations, and many less significant associations, in 15 relatively small linkage blocks (0.6 cM to 21.3 cM) provides evidence of admixture linkage disequilibrium QTLs (ALD QTLs) in this heterogeneous breeding population. At least four of the remaining 13 putative marker-trait associations (P < 0.005) were located in genetic map regions lacking other informative markers. The complexity of marker-trait associations results from heterogeneity within and substantial divergence among the parental accessions. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Larson, SR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM stlarson@cc.usu.edu NR 37 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JAN PY 2005 VL 141 IS 3 BP 263 EP 280 DI 10.1007/s10681-005-7791-2 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 923OX UT WOS:000228920300008 ER PT J AU Tou, JCL Arnaud, SB Grindeland, R Wade, C AF Tou, JCL Arnaud, SB Grindeland, R Wade, C TI The effect of purified compared with nonpurified diet on bone changes induced by hindlimb suspension of female rats SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ambulatory; space flight; calcium; corticosterone; estradiol ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-BETA; SIMULATED WEIGHTLESSNESS; SKELETAL RESPONSE; SPACE-FLIGHT; MODEL; SPACEFLIGHT; PHYTOESTROGENS; METABOLISM; AIN-76A; CALCIUM AB The purpose of this study was to compare the bone changes induced by unloading in rats fed different diets, because space flight studies use a semipurified diet, whereas space flight simulation studies typically use nonpurified diets. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a purified American Institute of Nutrition (AIN) 93G diet or a standard nonpurified diet and kept ambulatory or subjected to unloading by hindlimb suspension (HLS) for 38 days. Bone mineral content (BMC), mechanical strength, and factors related to the diet that affect bone (i.e., urinary calcium excretion, estradiol, and corticosterone) were measured. Average food intakes (grams per day) differed for diets, but caloric intake (kilocalories per day) and the final body masses of treatment groups were similar. The HLS-induced decrease in femoral BMC was not statistically different for rats fed a nonpurified diet (-8.6%) compared with a purified AIN-93G diet (-11.4%). The HLS-induced decrease in femoral mechanical strength was not statistically different for rats fed a nonpurified diet (-24%) compared with a purified AIN-93G diet (-31%). However, bone lengths were decreased (P < 0.05) in rats fed a nonpurified diet compared with a purified diet. Plasma estradiol levels were lower (P < 0.05) in the HLS/AIN-93G group but similar in the HLS and ambulatory rats fed a nonpurified diet. Plasma estradiol was related to femoral BMC (r= 0.85, P < 0.01). Urinary calcium excretion was higher (P < 0.05) in rats fed a nonpurified diet than those fed a purified AIN-93G diet, which is consistent with the higher level of calcium in the nonpurified diet. Urinary corticosterone levels were higher (P < 0.05) in rats fed a nonpurified diet than rats fed the AIN-93G diet. Although the osteopenia induced by unloading was similar in both diet groups, there were differences in longitudinal bone growth, calcium excretion, plasma estradiol levels, and urinary corticosterone levels. Results indicate that the type of standard diet used is an important factor to consider when measuring bone end points. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Life Sci, Wyle Labs, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Tou, JCL (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Life Sci, Wyle Labs, MS 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM jtou@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY MEDICINE PI MAYWOOD PA 195 WEST SPRING VALLEY AVE, MAYWOOD, NJ 07607-1727 USA SN 1535-3702 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 230 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 883FB UT WOS:000225994800004 PM 15618123 ER PT J AU Potlog-Nahari, C Catherino, WH McKeeby, JL Wesley, R Segars, JH AF Potlog-Nahari, C Catherino, WH McKeeby, JL Wesley, R Segars, JH TI A suboptimal endometrial pattern is associated with a reduced likelihood of pregnancy after a day 5 embryo transfer SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Editorial Material ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; ASSISTED REPRODUCTION; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; OVARIAN STIMULATION; THICKNESS; IMPLANTATION; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; PROGRAM; PREDICTORS AB This retrospective study examined the association of endometrial pattern and pregnancy after a day 5 ET. The pregnancy rate of women with a triple-line ultrasound endometrial pattern on the day of hCG administration was significantly higher than the pregnancy rate of women with the other ultrasound patterns. This observation suggests that, in a subset of patients, a suboptimal endometrial lining may interfere with assisted reproductive technology success. (Fertil Steril(R) 2005;83:235-7. (C)2005 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.). C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Segars, JH (reprint author), NICHD, Bldg 10,Room 9D-42, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM segarsj@mail.nih.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 83 IS 1 BP 235 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.05.102 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 889LT UT WOS:000226445200040 PM 15652920 ER PT B AU Bogen, AC Dampier, DA AF Bogen, AC Dampier, DA GP IEEE Computer Society TI Unifying computer forensics modeling approaches: A software engineering perspective SO FIRST INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON SYSTEMATIC APPROACHES TO DIGITAL FORENSIC ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS SE International Workshop on Systematic Approaches to Digital Forensic Engineering-SADFE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Systematic Approaches to Digital Forensic Engineering CY NOV 07-09, 2005 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Minist Educ, Natl Sci Council, Bur Investigat, Minist Justice, Taiwan Informat Secur Ctr, Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, Chinese Cryptol & Informat Secur Assoc AB As an effort to introduce formalism into computer forensics, researchers have presented various modeling techniques for planning, analysis, and documentation of forensics activities. These modeling techniques provide representations of various forensics subjects such as investigative processes, chain of events, and evidence tests. From a software engineering perspective, it seems that several of these computer forensics modeling approaches may be unified to create a more complete, multi-view modeling methodology for examination planning and analysis. This paper proposes a core set of modeling views for a unified computer forensics modeling methodology: investigative process view, case domain view, and, evidence view. An example email threat case scenario is used as the context for a multiview modeling example. C1 USA Corps & Engineers, Eng Rsrch & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. EM chris.bogen@erdc.army.mil; dampier@cse.msstate.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2478-8 J9 INT WORK SYS APPR D PY 2005 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1109/SADFE.2005.27 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Criminology & Penology SC Computer Science; Criminology & Penology GA BDN79 UT WOS:000234510400002 ER PT J AU Brostoff, WN Sharifi, MR Rundel, PW AF Brostoff, WN Sharifi, MR Rundel, PW TI Photosynthesis of cryptobiotic soil crusts in a seasonally inundated system of pans and dunes in the western Mojave Desert, CA: Field studies SO FLORA LA English DT Article DE cryptobiotic crust; biotic crusts; cyanobacteria; algae; photosynthesis; Mojave Desert; soil moisture content ID AIR-FORCE-BASE; MICROBIOTIC CRUSTS; WATER-CONTENT; ARID LANDS; CALIFORNIA; LICHENS; DISTURBANCE; EXCHANGE; ISRAEL; PLAYAS AB Cryptobiotic soil crusts form the dominant cover of a unique system of dunes and intermittently inundated pans and playas situated on the Pleistocene Lake Thompson bed, in the western Mojave Desert, CA. Recent work has reported on basic ecological parameters including distribution, abundance, and species composition of these algal (cyanobacterial)dominated crusts as well as on their photosynthetic rates in laboratory studies. As a step toward building an ecological model for a natural resource management plan, we determined the photosynthetic rate of the crusts under field environmental conditions. We examined the relationship between the environmental conditions of crust moisture content (MC), temperature, and ambient CO? concentration on photosynthetic rates during the mid-spring and the late autumn. Maximal photosynthetic rates (P-max), which did not vary greatly with season, were 3.57 and 3.99 mu mol CO2 M-2 s(-1) for crusts on dunes and in pans, respectively. Mean photosynthetic rates for three types of crust on dunes, smooth and flat, pedicillated, and unconsolidated, were 1.31, 1.47, and 1.29 mu mol CO2 M-2 s(-1), respectively. P-max of crusts on dunes and pans occurred at soil MCs of 110% and 20%, respectively, both lower and higher MCs resulted in decreased rates of photosynthesis. The relation between atmospheric CO2 concentration and net photosynthesis was linear (r(2) = 0.88 and 0.97 for crusts on dunes and pans, respectively) through at least 1000ppm CO2, We measured positive net photosynthesis at temperatures from 0 to 46 degrees C and found no clear optimum within this range when crusts were provided with optimal moisture and light conditions. Photosynthetic rates in this field study were somewhat lower than those measured in the laboratory, but both optimum MC and the relation between ambient CO2 and net photosynthetic rate were similar. Respiration rates were generally less than 10% those of photosynthetic rates. Based on data herein and climatic information, we estimated the potential net primary productivity of crusts on dunes to be 11.7g Cm-2 yr(-1). The photosynthetic rate of the unconsolidated crust type, for which no data have been published, was similar to the other crust types. This finding, together with previous information that the chlorophyll values of this and other crust forms were similar, suggests that ecological studies, as well as conservation and restoration efforts, give these the same attention as the other crust types. (c) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol Organ Biol Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Brostoff, WN (reprint author), Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Waterways Expt Stn,Attn EE-W,3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM william.brostoff@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 22 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0367-2530 J9 FLORA JI Flora PY 2005 VL 200 IS 6 BP 592 EP 600 DI 10.1016/j.flora.2005.06.008 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 989IQ UT WOS:000233666500009 ER PT B AU Durlach, PJ AF Durlach, PJ BE Schmorrow, DD TI Change blindness: What you don't see is what you don't get SO Foundations of Augmented Cognition, Vol 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Augmented Cognition held in Conjunction with the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction CY JUL 22-27, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV ID CHANGE DETECTION PARADIGM; DESIGN AB Change blindness refers to a failure to detect what should be an obvious visual change. It is likely to occur during human-computer interaction when more than one change occurs on the display at a time. It is also likely to occur as a result of a distraction that takes the user's attention away from the display. Experiments documenting the occurrence of change blindness during the use of a military digital system are presented. Using that system, a distraction such as the closing of a task window decreased the detection of an icon change by about 50%, compared with no distraction. The difficulty people had detecting simultaneous icon changes is also described. Data are presented suggesting that people learn strategies to aid change detection in a specific context; but that these strategies may not generalize to atypical conditions. Rather than relying on the user to detect changes in a visual display, designers of complex monitoring and control systems should represent change information explicitly. C1 USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5806-7 PY 2005 BP 73 EP 81 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BDJ67 UT WOS:000233848700011 ER PT B AU Russo, M Kendall, A Johnson, D Sing, H Escolas, S Santiago, S Holland, D Hall, S Redmond, D AF Russo, M Kendall, A Johnson, D Sing, H Escolas, S Santiago, S Holland, D Hall, S Redmond, D BE Schmorrow, DD TI Relationships among visual perception, psychomotor performance, and complex motor performance in military pilots during an overnight air-refueling simulated flight: Implications for automated cognitive workload reduction systems SO Foundations of Augmented Cognition, Vol 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Augmented Cognition held in Conjunction with the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction CY JUL 22-27, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV ID TOTAL SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; FATIGUE; ALERTNESS; MOOD; ATTENTION; ACCURACY; AVIATORS; PATTERNS; MISSIONS; RECOVERY C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5806-7 PY 2005 BP 174 EP 183 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BDJ67 UT WOS:000233848700023 ER PT B AU Kerick, SE AF Kerick, SE BE Schmorrow, DD TI Cortical activity of soldiers during shooting as a function of varied task demand SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, VOL 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Augmented Cognition held in Conjunction with the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction CY JUL 22-27, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV ID SYNCHRONIZATION; OSCILLATIONS; PERFORMANCE; DYNAMICS; MARKSMEN AB The purpose of this research was to investigate dynamic cortical processes of soldiers (17 US Marines, I US Army Ranger; age 19.8 +/- 4.2) during simulated shooting scenarios as a function of task demand. Task demand was varied among three two-level factors: task load (single, dual), decision load (no-decision, choice-decision), and target exposure time (short [2-4 s], long [4-6 s]). Target shooting scenarios were simulated using the Dismounted Infantryman Survivability and Lethality Testbed (DISALT), which controlled target presentation and exposure times and recorded weapon aim point data. Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings were acquired continuously from 36 channels during all scenarios and single-trial data from each scenario were epoched offline into 11-s windows time-locked to the onsets of targets (-5 s to +6 s). Event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) was derived and peak amplitude and latency measures were analyzed in the theta frequency band (4-7 Hz) for this preliminary report. The results revealed that different oscillatory EEG patterns were sensitive to different shooting task events and task load variations. Specifically, two new findings were revealed in the present study with respect to existing marksmanship research: (1) an early theta peak occurred approximately one second after the onset of targets that was sensitive to decision and task load demands but not to target exposure time demands and (2) a late theta peak occurred approximately at the time of trigger-pull that was sensitive to decision load and target exposure time demands but not to task load demands. C1 USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM skerick@arl.army.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5806-7 PY 2005 BP 252 EP 260 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BDJ67 UT WOS:000233848700036 ER PT B AU Sampson, JB AF Sampson, JB BE Schmorrow, DD TI Wearable cognitive monitors for dismounted warriors SO Foundations of Augmented Cognition, Vol 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Augmented Cognition held in Conjunction with the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction CY JUL 22-27, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV AB The ultimate goal of the Augmented Cognition (AugCog) program is to improve the warfighter's ability to process information while operating under stressful conditions of the battlefield. The mechanism for doing this is to monitor the combatant's psychophysiological state in real time, determine cognitive state, and then influence the information flow so as to maintain or enhance performance. Papers in this session deal with the challenge of taking the biometric indicators of user cognitive states developed from laboratory studies and making them relevant to a user in an operational environment. The research completed to date and reported in this session represents incremental steps toward this objective. Two key questions to be asked for the dismounted warrior are "Can un-tethered wearable and rugged sensor systems be developed for military operations?" and "Are cognitive states of individuals measured in laboratory comparable to cognitive states of individuals moving about in operational environments?" The reliability and durability of sensors, signal-noise ratios, motion artifacts, and simplicity of operation are issues these investigators are pursuing to address the first question. The latter question calls for research on the expected differences in the psychophysiology of individuals in low mobility laboratory experiments to those of the physically more active tasks of missions in the field under stress. Thus, studies in the next phase of the program will have to investigate the more cognitively complicated processes of combat like activities. New classifications and measures of the cognitive dynamics will certainly be needed. Additional sensors may also be required to account for the operator's context in terms of tactical movements and engagement with rapidly changing events. The context monitors will also have to be part of the wearable system that are, at the same time, tough-durable, easy to don and doff and relatively invisible to the operator. These are some of the critical issues that need to be considered for making AugCog operationally viable for a dismounted operator. C1 USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5806-7 PY 2005 BP 331 EP 334 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BDJ67 UT WOS:000233848700045 ER PT B AU Buller, MJ Hoyt, RW Ames, J Latzka, W Freund, B AF Buller, MJ Hoyt, RW Ames, J Latzka, W Freund, B BE Schmorrow, DD TI Enhancing warfighter readiness through physiologic situational awareness - The Warfighter Physiological Status Monitoring - Initial capability. SO Foundations of Augmented Cognition, Vol 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Augmented Cognition held in Conjunction with the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction CY JUL 22-27, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV ID BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; HEAT AB The Warfighter Physiological Status Monitoring - Initial Capability (WPSM-IC) program has developed a soldier wearable system that provides health state information to soldiers, medics and commanders. Thermal casualties are of real concern to the military with over 1800 thermal casualties in 2002. The WPSM-IC system which is comprised of a series of sensors, a health hub, and algorithms, can estimate both thermal and hydration states. The system utilizes a proprietary low power data network, which helps to reduce sensor size and extend battery life. Artifact, and errors are managed by "smart sensors" that "know when they don't know", and a lack of direct ambulatory measures is overcome by an integrated approach of sensors and models designed to fail "gracefully". Methods to provide both thermal and hydration situational awareness to soldiers are outlined, and three retrospective examinations of how physiologic situational awareness could have been used in previous studies are presented. The WPSM-IC system shows great promise in supporting soldiers to effectively maintain their readiness during training and in combat. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5806-7 PY 2005 BP 335 EP 344 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BDJ67 UT WOS:000233848700046 ER PT B AU Allender, L Cassenti, DN de Pontbriand, R AF Allender, L Cassenti, DN de Pontbriand, R BE Schmorrow, DD TI Human temporal judgment in the humans-in-automation environment SO Foundations of Augmented Cognition, Vol 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Augmented Cognition held in Conjunction with the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction CY JUL 22-27, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV ID TIME; PERFORMANCE; MEMORY; TASK; PERCEPTION AB Temporal factors are critical to any given task in the humans-in-automation environment. Questions such as, "do I have enough time to accomplish this task?" or "are other tasks going to fail due to the time I need to devote to another activity?" influence the way in which activities are performed or whether those activities will be performed at all. Given the importance of time in the automated systems context, we will explore the intricacies of temporal cognition, then discuss how an understanding of temporal cognition can improve human performance in both human-machine and human-human interaction. C1 US Army Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5806-7 PY 2005 BP 680 EP 689 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BDJ67 UT WOS:000233848700088 ER PT B AU Barnes, MJ Cosenzo, KA Mitchell, DK Chen, JYC AF Barnes, MJ Cosenzo, KA Mitchell, DK Chen, JYC BE Schmorrow, DD TI Human robot teams as soldier augmentation in future battlefields: An overview SO Foundations of Augmented Cognition, Vol 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Augmented Cognition held in Conjunction with the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction CY JUL 22-27, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV AB The paper is an overview of a Human Research and Engineering Directorate (HRED), U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) 5-year applied research program addressing human robot interaction (HRI) for both aerial and ground assets in conjunction with the U.S. Army Tank and Automotive Research and Development Engineering Center (TARDEC). The purpose of the program is to understand HRI issues and to develop technologies to improve HRI battlefield performance for Future Combat Systems (FCS). The technologies include adaptive systems to reduce soldier workload in multitasking environments and scalable interfaces for both specialized and common tasking requirements for robotic systems. The paper reviews first year results from modeling, simulations, and laboratory experiments. Based on these results, plans for follow-up research and eventual prototype development and field testing are reviewed as well. C1 US Army Res Lab, Ft Huachuca, AZ 85613 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5806-7 PY 2005 BP 700 EP 706 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BDJ67 UT WOS:000233848700090 ER PT B AU Jerome, CJ Witmer, BG Mouloua, M AF Jerome, CJ Witmer, BG Mouloua, M BE Schmorrow, DD TI Spatial orienting of attention using augmented reality SO Foundations of Augmented Cognition, Vol 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Augmented Cognition held in Conjunction with the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction CY JUL 22-27, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV ID VISUAL-ATTENTION; MECHANISMS AB The purpose of this research was to empirically examine how well people could locate a visual or auditory cue in a 360 degrees mocked-up urban setting using augmented reality (AR) cues. The speed and accuracy of finding targets were compared for three cueing conditions: Audio cues only, Visual cues only, and Audio and Visual Cues combined. The cues were superimposed on the real world urban setting mock-up in various azimuth and elevation locations. This was accomplished by displaying the visual cues on a video head mounted display (HMD) and audio cues displayed from a two-tier surround sound system including a total of 12 speakers. This augmented reality system was used to accurately place the cues in their correct location in the real environment. The results of this experiment showed that the cues enhanced target acquisition speed and accuracy. Potential applications of this research include automotive, aviation, and military systems used to warn users of possible hazards and to orient their attention to the spatial location in the 360 degrees area surrounding the user. C1 US Army Res Inst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5806-7 PY 2005 BP 718 EP 726 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BDJ67 UT WOS:000233848700093 ER PT B AU de Pontbriand, R AF de Pontbriand, R BE Schmorrow, DD TI Neuro-ergonomics support from bio- and nano-technologies SO Foundations of Augmented Cognition, Vol 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Augmented Cognition held in Conjunction with the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction CY JUL 22-27, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV C1 USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5806-7 PY 2005 BP 860 EP 860 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BDJ67 UT WOS:000233848700113 ER PT B AU Girolamo, HJ AF Girolamo, HJ BE Schmorrow, DD TI Augmented cognition for warfighters; a beta test for future applications SO Foundations of Augmented Cognition, Vol 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Augmented Cognition held in Conjunction with the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction CY JUL 22-27, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV AB For close to thirty-five years, Department of Defense (DoD) Military Platform Program Managers (PMs), Combat Developers and Operators have recognized the need for improved situational awareness, off bore sight targeting, multi-spectral sensor fusion and indirect viewing through integrated information management systems. These systems had historically been focused on fixed wing and rotorcraft applications. Because of revolutionary advancements in miniature displays, sensors, optics, electronics, processor power reduction, weight, and size; man portable systems are being evaluated for dismounted warfighter applications and soldier integration. Integrating communication and sensor fused, multi-modality information systems on soldiers is the mandate for the Transformational Future Force Warrior (FFW). Based on past integrated soldier system developments with DARPA, Natick Soldier System human factors specialists and Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) combat developer representatives have acknowledged that overloading warfighters with information through technology is easily accomplished. Together they have sought solutions through task and sub-task analysis, as well as minimizing and filtering the information that flows to the warfighter. Examples of these systems relate to combat vehicles, rotorcraft, maintenance, medical, law enforcement and Special Forces. Each user community has their own unique tasks and informational needs. System interfaces and the manner in which information is distributed will be of critical importance to assimilate the users with the transformational information management systems in development. Overloading the Future Force Warfighter is a major problem and understanding the means by which the information will be disseminated and displayed from the integrated Command, Control, Communications Computers, (C4) systems under development in Future Force Warrior and other transformational warfighter systems requires an intelligent solution. This paper will discuss the soldier of the future who will carry a wide variety of battlefield networked sensors and displays embedded into his equipment, which will data-link to his weapon and to displays on his helmet to information streaming in from the battlefield. This paper will focus on Augmented Cognition as a new paradigm that assists the information inundated 21(st) century warfighter with an operational capability that employs an "interactive/intelligent" system "human machine interface", that is correspondingly "normal" and making the "computer-human" interactions fundamentally like "human-human" interactions. The discussion will include descriptions of success stories in the integration and operational evaluation of Augmented Cognition and potential new areas for research that could address other Military Mission Occupational Specialties. This paper will address the importance of working with end users in exploratory research such as experienced warfighters, subject matter experts and the Combat Equipment Developers from TRADOC Schools in support of the Transformational Army's Future Force Warrior (FFW) Advanced Technology Demonstration. The net-centric Future Force Warrior will operate in squads or sub-squad teams, requiring dedicated wireless communications networks for operation. Each warrior will be equipped with a sensor set, comprised of a helmet integrating day and night cameras and weapon-mounted sight cameras. The images will be displayed on a helmet integrated see-through monocular display, or on a hand held PDA like terminal. Images will also be relayed to other team members for coordination. Future Force Warrior (personal) digital assistants will display navigation and situational awareness pictures, and images received from team members. The radio will be transmitting wideband data communications in addition to the current voice radio. Soldiers will be able to talk naturally with each other, whisper, or chat with text messages during missions. As a novel interface the feasibility and usefulness of a wearable vibrotactile feedback system is also being explored. The Future Force Warrior system has the ability for tying each soldier into tactical local and wide-area networks by an onboard computer that sits at the base of the soldier's back. Troops will also be able to share data with vehicles, aircraft and other individuals. The Augmented Cognition system supports the Future Force Warrior development by creating a prototype environment with operational utility that employs an "interactive/intelligent" system "human machine interface", mixed-initiative interactions, dialogue and gesturing methodologies. The system is developed to ensure that prioritized information being delivered to the warfighter is in a mode that has utility for human consumption. The Augmented Cognition program, which involves military agencies, academic institutions, and industry, has generated significant interest from many system and product developers. The development, integration, experimentation and evaluation of Augmented Cognition in Future Force Warrior operational scenarios should lead to many Future Applications of Augmented Cognition such as Homeland Defense, other defense platform integration, law enforcement, security, automotive industry, mass production manufacturing, health care, and professional and industrial occupations where they are all involved in multi-tasking environments and require performance improvement, education or rehabilitation. C1 USA, Natick Soldier Syst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5806-7 PY 2005 BP 1089 EP 1096 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BDJ67 UT WOS:000233848700139 ER PT B AU West, BJ Scafetta, N AF West, BJ Scafetta, N BE Losa, GA Merlini, D Nonnenmacher, TF Weibel, ER TI A multifractal dynamical model of human gait SO Fractals in Biology and Medicine, Vol IV SE MATHEMATICS AND BIOSCIENCES IN INTERACTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fractals in Biology and Medicine CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Ascona, SWITZERLAND SP Int Soc Stereol, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Italian Soc Microscop Sci, Inst Sci Interdisciplinary Studies, Res Ctr Math & Phys, Swiss Italian Broadcasting, Rete Due, Republ Cantone Tieino, Dept Educ Culture & Sport ID CENTRAL PATTERN GENERATORS; LONG-RANGE CORRELATIONS; STRIDE-INTERVAL; FRACTAL DYNAMICS; ANIMAL GAITS; FLUCTUATIONS; SPECTRA; WALKING AB Walking is regulated through the motorcontrol system (MCS). The MCS consists of a network of neurons from the central nervous system (CNS) and the intraspinal nervous system (INS), which is capable of producing a syncopated output. The coupling of the latter two systems produces a complex stride interval time series that is characterized by fractal and multifractal properties that depend upon several biological and stress constraints. It has been shown that: (i) the gait phenomenon is essentially a rhythmic cycle that obeys particular phase symmetries in the synchronized movement of the limbs; (ii) the fractal and multifractal nature of the stride interval fluctuations become slightly more pronounced under faster or slower paced frequencies relative to the normal paced frequency of a subject; (iii) the randomness of the fluctuations increases if subjects are asked to synchronize their gait with the frequency of a metronome or if the subjects are elderly or suffering from neurodegenerative disease. Here we present a new model, called the super central pattern generator, able to reproduce these known properties of walking and discuss the physiological and psychological interpretations of the model parameters. C1 USA, Res Off, Div Math, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP West, BJ (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Div Math, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND BN 3-7643-7172-2 J9 MATH BIOSCI INTERAC PY 2005 BP 131 EP 140 DI 10.1007/3-7643-7412-8_12 PG 10 WC Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BDJ23 UT WOS:000233747700012 ER PT J AU Nath, J Januszkiewicz, A AF Nath, J Januszkiewicz, A TI Early systemic inflammatory biomarkers of acute lung injury: Studies in a sheep experimental model SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th Annual Meeting Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine CY NOV 16-20, 2005 CL Austin, TX SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2005 VL 39 SU 1 BP S52 EP S52 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 985VL UT WOS:000233406700137 ER PT B AU Bell, DB Schumm, WR AF Bell, DB Schumm, WR BE Halpern, DF Murphy, SE TI Balancing work and family demands in the military: What happens when your employer tells you to go to war? SO FROM WORK-FAMILY BALANCE TO WORK-FAMILY INTERACTION: CHANGING THE METAPHOR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Kravis de Roulet Leadership Conference CY FEB 22, 2002 CL Claremont McKenna Coll, Claremont, CA SP Kravis Leadership Inst HO Claremont McKenna Coll ID SOMALIA; WIVES; HOME AB Segal's (1988) research in work-family conflict looks at the fate of an "employee" who is caught between the demands of two very greedy institutions: the military and the family. The demands of the military seem, almost inevitably, to arise from the nature of the occupation itself. Although some civilian occupations contain one or more of the following features, few have all five-especially those that have a direct impact on the employee's family members. (The few that might qualify would be the following, relatively small, occupational groups: missionaries and career State Department/Foreign Service members.) These features are: Risk of injury or death to the service member; Periodic (and sometimes prolonged) separation from other immediate family members; Geogra hic mobility; Residence in foreign countries, and Normative role pressures placed upon family members because they are considered (associate) members of the employee's organization. In this chapter, we discuss how the features of military life are different from what typically is seen in civilian life, how military families cope with problems commonly associated with these features, and what the Anny specifically has done to help its families. We pay particular attention to the problems associated with long-term overseas deployments to potentially dangerous situations and/or locations. (A deployment occurs when a group of soldiers leave their home station, as a group, to accomplish a specific mission. Missions involve training for a task, maintaining the peace in a trouble spot, or engaging in combat. The deployments that are most likely to be studied by social scientists are those that involve at least 500 soldiers, are not routine training missions, and involve time in some foreign country.). C1 USA, Res Inst, Alexandria, VA USA. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-4886-X PY 2005 BP 83 EP 97 PG 15 WC Family Studies; Industrial Relations & Labor SC Family Studies; Business & Economics GA BBO86 UT WOS:000226775300007 ER PT S AU VanLandingham, MR Juliano, TF Hagon, MJ AF VanLandingham, MR Juliano, TF Hagon, MJ BE Wahl, KJ Huber, N Mann, AB Bahr, DF Cheng, YT TI Aspects of tip shape characterization for nanoindentation of compliant materials SO Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology III held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP MRS AB The application of nanoindentation methods to compliant materials, such as polymeric and biological materials, often requires the use of instrumentation designed with enhanced force sensitivity, which limits its maximum force level. Because tip geometry is normally characterized using indentation of fused silica, the maximum contact depths achieved by low-force instruments during this calibration are often less than 300 nm. However, penetration into more compliant materials can be several micrometers or more. Extrapolation of tip shape data from fused silica indentation can lead to significant uncertainties in the indentation measurements for compliant materials. In this paper, atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to provide tip shape information for a Berkovich tip and a series of conical tips. Use of AFM allows a larger range of depth to be calibrated and provides three-dimensional tip information. C1 US Army Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP VanLandingham, MR (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-789-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 841 BP 27 EP 32 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BCI82 UT WOS:000229609400004 ER PT S AU VanLandingham, MR Drzal, PL White, CC AF VanLandingham, MR Drzal, PL White, CC BE Wahl, KJ Huber, N Mann, AB Bahr, DF Cheng, YT TI Indentation creep and relaxation measurements of polymers SO Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology III held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP MRS ID STRESSES AB Instrumented indentation was used to characterize the mechanical response of polymeric materials. A model based on contact between a rigid probe and a linear viscoclastic material was used to calculate values for creep compliance and stress relaxation modulus for epoxy, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and two poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) elastomers. Results from bulk rheometry studies were used for comparison to the indentation creep and stress relaxation results. For the two glassy polymers, the use of sharp pyramidal tips produced responses that were considerably more compliant (less stiff) than rheometry values. Additional study of the deformation remaining in epoxy after creep testing revealed that a large portion of the creep displacement measured was due to post-yield flow. Indentation creep measurements of the epoxy using a rounded conical tip also produced nonlinear responses, but the creep compliance values appeared to approach linear viscoelastic values with decreasing creep force. Responses measured for the PDMS were mainly linear elastic, but the filled PDMS exhibited some time-dependence and nonlinearity in both rheometry and indentation measurements. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP VanLandingham, MR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-789-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 841 BP 193 EP 204 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BCI82 UT WOS:000229609400028 ER PT S AU Ruby, BJ Carr, C Charles, DK AF Ruby, Bret J. Carr, Christopher Charles, Douglas K. BE Carr, C Case, DT TI Community Organizations in the Scioto, Mann, and Havana Hopewellian Regions A Comparative Perspective SO GATHERING HOPEWELL: SOCIETY, RITUAL, AND RITUAL INTERACTION SE Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ruby, Bret J.] USA, Environm & Nat Resources Div, Ft Lewis, WA 98433 USA. [Carr, Christopher] Arizona State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Charles, Douglas K.] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Anthropol, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. RP Ruby, BJ (reprint author), USA, Environm & Nat Resources Div, Box 339500, Ft Lewis, WA 98433 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1568-2722 BN 978-0-387-27327-3 J9 INTERD CONTRIB ARCH PY 2005 BP 119 EP 176 DI 10.1007/0-387-27327-1_4 D2 10.1007/b138920 PG 58 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA BLI46 UT WOS:000270233700006 ER PT S AU Ruby, BJ Shriner, CM AF Ruby, Bret J. Shriner, Christine M. BE Carr, C Case, DT TI Ceramic Vessel Compositions and Styles as Evidence of the Local and Nonlocal Social Affiliations of Ritual Participants at the Mann Site, Indiana SO GATHERING HOPEWELL: SOCIETY, RITUAL, AND RITUAL INTERACTION SE Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ruby, Bret J.] USA, Environm & Nat Resources Div, Ft Lewis, WA 98433 USA. [Shriner, Christine M.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Shriner, Christine M.] Indiana Univ, Dept Class Studies, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Ruby, BJ (reprint author), USA, Environm & Nat Resources Div, Box 339500, Ft Lewis, WA 98433 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1568-2722 BN 978-0-387-27327-3 J9 INTERD CONTRIB ARCH PY 2005 BP 553 EP 572 DI 10.1007/0-387-27327-1_15 D2 10.1007/b138920 PG 20 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA BLI46 UT WOS:000270233700017 ER PT J AU Slavotinek, AM Schauer, G Machin, G Dasouki, M Rueda-Pedraza, ME Chiricosta, F Keller, R AF Slavotinek, AM Schauer, G Machin, G Dasouki, M Rueda-Pedraza, ME Chiricosta, F Keller, R TI Fryns syndrome: Report of eight new cases SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID DIAPHRAGMATIC-HERNIA C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, Div Clin Genet, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Childrens Hosp & Clin, Dept Pathol, Minneapolis, MN USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. Childrens Mercy Hosp, Sect Med Genet & Mol Med, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Slavotinek, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, Div Clin Genet, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR-01271] NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 7 IS 1 BP 74 EP 76 DI 10.1097/01.GIM.0000151337.68184.3F PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 888KX UT WOS:000226374000013 PM 15654233 ER PT J AU Hummel, LJ AF Hummel, LJ TI The US military as geographical agent: The case of cold war Alaska SO GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW LA English DT Review DE Alaska; cold war; historical; development; militarized landscape AB Alaska was strategically key to the U.S. defense plan during the cold war (19461989). As such, it was the scene of an enormous and sustained military investment, the effect of which was amplified by Alaska's Undiversified economy, sparse development, small resident population, and marginalized political status at the beginning of the era. The strong military presence affected Alaskan demographics, economic development, and infrastructure and figured prominently in the admission of Alaska to the union in 1959. The high profile and long-term presence of the U.S. military had such a dramatic affect on the course of Alaska that the result was tantamount to a "militarized landscape." C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Hummel, LJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 117 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOGRAPHICAL SOC PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL ST, STE 100, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 0016-7428 J9 GEOGR REV JI Geogr. Rev. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 1 BP 47 EP 72 PG 26 WC Geography SC Geography GA 006YB UT WOS:000234932700003 ER PT J AU Palka, EJ AF Palka, EJ TI Military geographies. SO GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Palka, EJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOGRAPHICAL SOC PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL ST, STE 100, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 0016-7428 J9 GEOGR REV JI Geogr. Rev. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 1 BP 154 EP 158 PG 5 WC Geography SC Geography GA 006YB UT WOS:000234932700011 ER PT J AU Nobes, DC Davis, EF Arcone, SA AF Nobes, DC Davis, EF Arcone, SA TI "Mirror-image" multiples in ground-penetrating radar SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article C1 ETH, Inst Geophys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci & Gateway Antarctica, Christchurch, New Zealand. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Nobes, DC (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci & Gateway Antarctica, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand. EM d.nobes@geol.canterbury.ac.nz; efdavis1@yahoo.co.uk; steven.a.arconc@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 70 IS 1 BP K20 EP K22 DI 10.1190/1.1852781 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 899VN UT WOS:000227173900012 ER PT J AU Perkins, SW Cortez, ER AF Perkins, S. W. Cortez, E. R. TI Evaluation of base-reinforced pavements using a heavy vehicle simulator SO GEOSYNTHETICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE geosynthetics; geogrid; geotextile; reinforcement; flexible pavement; roadway; base aggregate; test section; instrumentation AB Four full-scale flexible pavement test sections were constructed to evaluate pavement performance containing three geosynthetic reinforcement products. The test sections were constructed in an indoor facility and loaded with a heavy vehicle simulator equipped with a dual tire standard truck half axle. Stress and strain sensors were embedded in the pavement test sections, and a surface profiler was used to monitor rutting. A significant improvement in rutting, due to the development of permanent strain in the pavement and soil layers, was observed in all reinforced sections. The order of performance of the reinforced test sections corresponded to that observed in a previous study using a smaller-scale facility where a repeated traffic load was applied to a stationary plate. The benefit values, defined in terms of a traffic benefit ratio, were comparable between the two test facilities, but lower for the moving wheel load. Mechanisms of reinforcement were also seen to be similar between the two facilities. Comparison of benefit values predicted from a design model developed in a previous project showed that the model offered predictions that were consistent in trend yet conservative in magnitude. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Corps Engineers, Erdc, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Perkins, SW (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 205 Cobleigh Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM stevep@ce.montana.edu; edil.r.cortez@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU THOMAS TELFORD PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA THOMAS TELFORD HOUSE, 1 HERON QUAY, LONDON E14 4JD, ENGLAND SN 1072-6349 J9 GEOSYNTH INT JI Geosynth. Int. PY 2005 VL 12 IS 2 BP 86 EP 98 DI 10.1680/gein.12.2.86.61189 PG 13 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology; Materials Science GA 079GT UT WOS:000240164600001 ER PT J AU Krivak, TC Elkas, JC Rose, GS Sundborg, M Winter, WE Carlson, J MacKoul, PJ AF Krivak, TC Elkas, JC Rose, GS Sundborg, M Winter, WE Carlson, J MacKoul, PJ TI The utility of hand-assisted laparoscopy in ovarian cancer SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ovarian cancer; surgery; laparoscopy; hand assisted laparoscopy ID GYNECOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES; ADNEXAL MASSES; SURGERY; SPLENECTOMY; NEPHRECTOMY; MANAGEMENT; SURVIVAL AB Introduction. The traditional approach to patients with ovarian cancer is cytoreductive surgery and surgical staging through a vertical midline laparotomy. While laparoscopy has become an integral part of gynecologic surgery, debulking procedures have not been feasible to date with standard minimally invasive techniques. Methods and Materials. Twenty-five patients with ovarian carcinoma underwent surgical staging and cytoreduction using hand-assisted laparoscopy. We review the surgical technique and clinical outcomes. Results. Twenty-five patients were managed during this study time frame with hand-assisted laparoscopy. Six patients had apparent advanced stage ovarian cancer at the time of referral, and 17 patients had apparent early-stage ovarian cancer. Of the 19 patients with presumed early-stage disease, 5 patients were upstaged based on retroperitoneal lymph node involvement, 3 with disease to other pelvic structures, and 2 patients had microscopic disease in the omentum. Twenty-two patients had their surgeries completed via hand-assisted laparoscopy, and three cases required conversion to laparotomy for completion of debulking surgery. Complication rates were low with three complications requiring reoperation or hospitalization. The mean hospital stay was 1.8 days for the 22 patients who had a successful hand-assisted laparoscopic evaluation. Operating times were variable and ranged from 81 to 365 min. Conclusion. Hand-assisted laparoscopy may be employed in the initial management of early and advanced stage ovarian carcinoma. This approach allows for thorough evaluation of peritoneal and retroperitoneal structures and surgical cytoreduction while retaining the advantages of minimally invasive surgery. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 David Grant Med Ctr, Vacaville, CA 95688 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Holy Cross Hosp, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Krivak, TC (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, 224 Lone Oak DR, Vacaville, CA 95688 USA. EM tomkrivak@aol.com NR 29 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 96 IS 1 BP 72 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.09.048 PG 5 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 883UI UT WOS:000226040800012 PM 15589583 ER PT J AU Weiss, B AF Weiss, B TI Re: "Vaginal metastasis and thrombocytopenia from renal cell carcinoma: A case report" SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Weiss, B (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Hematol Oncol Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM brendan.weiss@na.amedd.army.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 96 IS 1 BP 263 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.08.010 PG 2 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 883UI UT WOS:000226040800044 PM 15589615 ER PT J AU Maxwell, L AF Maxwell, L TI Re: "Vaginal metastasis and thrombocytopenia from renal cell carcinoma: A case report" - Reply SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Gynecol Oncol, Gynecol Dis Ctr, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Maxwell, L (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Gynecol Oncol, Gynecol Dis Ctr, 6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM george.maxwell@na.amedd.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 96 IS 1 BP 264 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.09.033 PG 2 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 883UI UT WOS:000226040800045 ER PT S AU Fellowes, DA Wood, MV Prache, O Jones, S AF Fellowes, DA Wood, MV Prache, O Jones, S BE Rash, CE TI AMOLED (active matrix OLED) functionality and usable lifetime at temperature SO Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays X: Technologies and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays X CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE AMOLED; temperature range; temperature compensation; device performance; usable display lifetime AB Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode (AMOLED) displays are known to exhibit high levels of performance, and these levels of performance have continually been improved over time with new materials and electronics design. eMagin Corporation developed a manually adjustable temperature compensation circuit with brightness control to allow for excellent performance over a wide temperature range. Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (US Army) tested the performance and survivability of a number of AMOLED displays in a temperature chamber over a range from -55 degrees C to +85 degrees C. Although device performance of AMOLEDs has always been its strong suit, the issue of usable display lifetimes for military applications continues to be an area of discussion and research. eMagin has made improvements in OLED materials and worked towards the development of a better understanding of usable lifetime for operation in a military system. NVESD ran luminance degradation tests of AMOLED panels at 50 degrees C and at ambient to characterize the lifetime of AMOLED devices. The result is a better understanding of the applicability of AMOLEDs in military systems: where good fits are made, and where further development is needed. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC,AMSRD,CER,NV,ST,IT, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Fellowes, DA (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC,AMSRD,CER,NV,ST,IT, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 4 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5785-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5800 BP 138 EP 149 DI 10.1117/12.605411 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BCS55 UT WOS:000231052700016 ER PT S AU Hiatt, KL Rash, CE AF Hiatt, KL Rash, CE BE Rash, CE TI AH-64 aviator impressions of IHADSS HMD flight in operation Iraqi freedom SO Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays X: Technologies and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays X CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE helmet-mounted display (HMD); integrated helmet and display sighting system (IHADSS); visual illusion; visual performance AB As part of a 2003 survey during Operation Iraqi Freedom, forty AH-64 Apache aviators were interviewed regarding their experience using the AH-64's monocular helmet-mounted display (HMD). Participants represented a total of 8564 flight hours and 2260 combat hours in the OIF theatre of operation. The interview consisted of 12 questions that addressed previously identified potential problem areas (e.g., maintaining full field-of-view [FOV], combiner breakage, and sensor slew rate) and requested participant opinion on the best and worst features of the IHADSS, day versus night use of the IHADSS, and the acceptance of a hypothetical binocular IHADSS design. Participants expressed a desire for a larger FOV; emphasized the impact of poor helmet fit on ability to achieve and maintain a full FOV; decried the overall performance of the current FLIR sensors; and reported that the current slew rates for the PNVS and TADS are slower than desired (worse for TADS), necessitating compensation in normal head movement rates. C1 FORSCOM, Headquarters US Army Forces Command, Ft McPherson, GA USA. RP Hiatt, KL (reprint author), FORSCOM, Headquarters US Army Forces Command, Ft McPherson, GA USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5785-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5800 BP 187 EP 192 DI 10.1117/12.619112 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BCS55 UT WOS:000231052700021 ER PT S AU Henz, BJ Shires, DR Mohan, RV AF Henz, BJ Shires, DR Mohan, RV BE Dayde, M Dongarra, JJ Hernandez, V Palma, JML TI Development and integration of parallel multidisciplinary computational software for modeling a modern manufacturing process SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING FOR COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - VECPAR 2004 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Performance Computing for Computational Science (VECPAR 2005) CY JUN 28-30, 2004 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP Univ Porto, Univ Politecn Valencia, FEUP, GVA ID SIMULATIONS AB Modem multidisciplinary computational tools are required in order to model complex manufacturing processes. The liquid composite molding process, namely resin transfer molding (RTM) for the manufacture of composite material structures, includes models for fluid flow, heat transfer, and stress analysis during the process. In the past, these tools were developed independently, and an engineer would utilize each tool in succession, often in different environments with different data file formats, graphical user interfaces (if available), and sometimes different computer operating systems. The Simple Parallel Object-Oriented Computing Environment for the Finite Element Method (SPOOCEFEM) developed at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory provides a framework for development of multidisciplinary computational tools. A virtual manufacturing environment for the RTM process has been developed that integrates the coupled, multiphysics, multiscale physical models required for analyzing the manufacturing process. The associated code developments using SPOOCEFEM are discussed in this paper. C1 USA, Res Lab, High Performance Comp Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Ctr Adv Mat & Smart Struct, Dept Mech Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. RP Henz, BJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, High Performance Comp Div, Attn AMSRD-ARL-CI-HC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM bhenz@arl.army.mil; dshires@arl.army.mil; rvmohan@ncat.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-25424-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3402 BP 10 EP 22 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCO60 UT WOS:000230426000002 ER PT S AU Abdelguerfi, M Mahadevan, V Challier, N Flanagin, M Shaw, K Ratcliff, J AF Abdelguerfi, M Mahadevan, V Challier, N Flanagin, M Shaw, K Ratcliff, J BE Dayde, M Dongarra, JJ Hernandez, V Palma, JML TI A high performance system for processing queries on distributed geospatial data sets SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING FOR COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - VECPAR 2004 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Performance Computing for Computational Science (VECPAR 2005) CY JUN 28-30, 2004 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP Univ Porto, Univ Politecn Valencia, FEUP, GVA AB The size of many geospatial databases has grown exponentially in recent years. This increase in size brings with it an increased requirement for additional CPU and I/O resources to handle the querying and retrieval of this data. A number of proprietary systems could be ideally suited for such tasks, but are impractical in many situations because of their high cost. On the other hand, Beowulf clusters have gained popularity for providing such resources in a cost-effective manner. In this paper, we present a system that uses the compute nodes of a Beowulf cluster to store fragments of a large geospatial database and allows for the seamless viewing, querying, and retrieval of desired geospatial data in a parallel fashion i.e. utilizing the compute and I/O resources of multiple nodes in the cluster. Experimental results are provided to quantify the performance of the system and ascertain its feasibility versus traditional GIS architectures. C1 Univ New Orleans, Dept Comp Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Abdelguerfi, M (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Dept Comp Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM mahdi@cs.uno.edu; venkata@cs.uno.edu; nchallie@cs.uno.edu; maik@cs.uno.edu; shaw@nrlssc.navy.mil; jay.j.ratcliff@mvn02.usace.army.mil NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-25424-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3402 BP 119 EP 128 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCO60 UT WOS:000230426000010 ER PT B AU Kirby, S AF Kirby, S GP CSREA BE Arabnia, HR Joshua, R TI Distributed computing and data dissemination with Java agents SO ICOMP '05: Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Internet Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Internet Computing CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV DE JADE agents; distributed computing; weather data AB An agent software system is being developed which will allow a user to initiate weather model runs, query a database for information, fetch text weather reports and images such as satellite and generate graphical plots based on model outputs. Methodologies, such as Grid are being explored to spread the workload when model runs are requested. C1 AMSRD, ARL, CI, EM,US Army Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88007 USA. RP Kirby, S (reprint author), AMSRD, ARL, CI, EM,US Army Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88007 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA PY 2005 BP 522 EP 527 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDZ82 UT WOS:000236365700075 ER PT S AU Kumar, M Garg, DP Zachery, R AF Kumar, M Garg, DP Zachery, R BE Franquelo, LG Malinowski, A Chow, MY Hess, HL TI Multi-sensor fusion strategy to obtain 3-D occupancy proflle SO IECON 2005: THIRTY-FIRST ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Industrial Electronics Society LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Conference of the IEEE-Industrial-Electronics-Society CY NOV 06-10, 2005-2006 CL Raleigh, NC SP IEEE Ind Elect Soc, NORTEL, Schneider Elect, SICE, NC State Univ, IEEE, Adv Energy, Celisca, NUCOR, EATON AB This paper presents a strategy to fuse information from two vision sensors and one Infra-Red proximity sensor to obtain a three-dimensional occupancy profile of robotic workspace, identify key features, and obtain a 3-D model of the objects in the work space. The two vision sensors are mounted on a stereo rig on the sidewall of the robotic workcell. The IR sensor is mounted on the wrist of the robot. The vision sensors on the stereo rig provide information about the three-dimensional position of any point in the robotic workspace. The IR sensor provides the distance of an object from the sensor. The information from these sensors has been fused using a probabilistic approach based on Bayesian formalism in an occupancy grid framework to obtain a 3-D occupancy model of the workspace. The proposed fusion and sensor modeling scheme is demonstrated to reduce individual sensor uncertainties and perform at a superior level as compared to some other schemes. C1 Duke Univ, Army Res Off, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Kumar, M (reprint author), Duke Univ, Army Res Off, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM manish@duke.edu; dpgarg@duke.edu; randy.zachery@us.army.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1553-572X BN 0-7803-9252-3 J9 IEEE IND ELEC PY 2005 BP 2083 EP 2088 PG 6 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BED24 UT WOS:000236873602049 ER PT J AU Kaplan, LM Sinha, A Bar-Shalom, Y AF Kaplan, LM Sinha, A Bar-Shalom, Y TI Comments on "Maximum likelihood angle extractor for two closely spaced targets" SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB This correspondence corrects a minor error in the description of maximum likelihood (ML) estimators that extract angle measurements from two unresolved targets using measurements from a monopulse radar. C1 Clark Atlanta Univ, CTSPS, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Kaplan, LM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM lkaplan@ieee.org NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 383 EP 384 DI 10.1109/TAES.2005.1413771 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 915UR UT WOS:000228337300030 ER PT J AU Smith, AN Ellis, RL Bernardes, JS Zielinski, AE AF Smith, AN Ellis, RL Bernardes, JS Zielinski, AE TI Thermal management and resistive rail heating of a large-scale naval electromagnetic launcher SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Electronmagnetic Launch Technology Symposium CY MAY 25-28, 2004 CL Snowbird, UT DE electromagnetic railgun; resistive heating; thermal management AB This paper presents a model that can be implemented to quickly estimate the resistive heating and the resulting transient temperature response. Quantifying the energy deposited in the rails and implementing an effective thermal management system will be key elements of an effective design for a large-scale electromagnetic launcher. The total-current was divided between the inside, upper/lower, and outside surface based on the results of a current distribution calculation. The diffusion of the magnetic field into each surface was modeled in order to determine the current distribution and the resistive heating. Cooling between shots was taken into account by solving the one dimensional transient, heat diffusion equation within each surface. Repeating these calculations for a number of discrete segments down the length of the rail enabled the prediction of the total resistive rail heating and the temperature profile along the length of the rail. Experimental tests were conducted that verify the presence of localized heating in the corners of a U-shaped conductor made of 7075 Aluminum. Taking into account the localized resistive heating near the surface of the conductor will become increasingly important with large-scale guns. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USA, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22488 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Smith, AN (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ansmith@usna.edu NR 8 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 235 EP 240 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.839269 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 887YW UT WOS:000226342400017 ER PT J AU Tzeng, JT AF Tzeng, JT TI Structural mechanics for electromagnetic railguns SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Electronmagnetic Launch Technology Symposium CY MAY 25-28, 2004 CL Snowbird, UT DE composite material; electromagnetics; large caliber; pulsed-power; railgun; tactical gun ID DYNAMIC-RESPONSE; LAUNCHER AB The objective of this investigation is to explore potential designs and appropriate materials for a lightweight fieldable electromagnetic railgun. Lessons learned from the previous launcher designs are reviewed and discussed from a mechanical point of view. Analyses are performed with a conceptually workable gun bore to illustrate the requirement of a fieldable gun construction. Both static and dynamic responses of the railgun are discussed. The study provides a fundamental understanding for developing a fieldable railgun in terms of mechanics and material requirement. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Tzeng, JT (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM jtzeng@arl.army.mil NR 10 TC 17 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 246 EP 250 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.839828 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 887YW UT WOS:000226342400019 ER PT J AU Beyer, RA Pesce-Rodriguez, RA AF Beyer, RA Pesce-Rodriguez, RA TI The response of propellants to plasma radiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Electronmagnetic Launch Technology Symposium CY MAY 25-28, 2004 CL Snowbird, UT DE gun propellants; plasma ignition; plasma radiation effects AB Experiments have been done in which standard and research propellants were exposed to the visible and infrared light from a high-energy plasma discharge. Measurements of mass lost by the sample, analysis of the infrared spectra of evolved gases, and optical, microscopy have been used to characterize the response. In addition, the response for graphite-free JA2 conditioned to hot and cold temperatures has shown that the magnitude of the response for this material is stronger for hot samples. Overall, the samples show strong response when the light can penetrate farther into the samples; the response is limited to a thin layer at the surface for composite propellants. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Beyer, RA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM beyer@arl.army.mil; rose@arl.army.mil NR 7 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 344 EP 349 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.839270 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 887YW UT WOS:000226342400040 ER PT J AU Schroeder, MA Beyer, RA Pesce-Rodriguez, RA AF Schroeder, MA Beyer, RA Pesce-Rodriguez, RA TI Scanning electron microscope examination of JA2 propellant samples exposed to plasma radiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Electronmagnetic Launch Technology Symposium CY MAY 25-28, 2004 CL Snowbird, UT DE plasma ignition; plasma-propellant interactions; plasma radiation; plasma-surface interactions AB Some plasma-exposed samples of transparent (graphite-free) JA2 propellant were examined by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the plasma-exposed surface of these samples was covered with humps or bubble-like structures. When the samples were cryogenically split, the interior was found to contain numerous open cracks and voids; in a very few cases where the split actually went through a hump/bubble, cracks/voids were found immediately under the hump, suggesting a cause and effect relationship. The inside surfaces of the cracks and voids appeared in some cases to be either (a) smooth and undulating, or (b) about as would be expected if the two sides of the crack had been simply pulled apart; or (c) rough and/or debris-covered., In some type (c) cases they appeared to have been initially rough or debris-covered but to have been at least partially smoothed, possibly by processes involving heat, liquefaction and thermal decomposition These observations seem consistent with an interpretation involving subsurface penetration of the propellant sample by visible and infrared radiation; this radiation then might cause cracks as a result of uneven expansion due to heating and/or internal gasification due to photochemical and/or thermal decomposition; particularly at sites of small patches of unplasticized nitrocellulose fibers. If these changes also included liquefaction or melting, with or without decomposition, this, would also help to understand the smoothing process. In any case, these results suggest that interaction of plasma radiation with the sample is a significant effect. An end-exposed grain of standard, semitransparent JA2 was also examined; in this case the cracks were oriented differently; they extended from holes in the surface into the interior in a direction perpendicular to the surface and parallel to the direction of extrusion. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Schroeder, MA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM schroede@arl.army.mil NR 7 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 350 EP 354 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.839278 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 887YW UT WOS:000226342400041 ER PT J AU Darwish, AM Bayba, AJ Hung, HA AF Darwish, AM Bayba, AJ Hung, HA TI Accurate determination of thermal resistance of FETs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE field-effect transistors (FETs); power FETs; thermal effects; thermal resistance; reliability ID TEMPERATURE; TRANSISTORS AB The accurate determination of the channel temperature in field-effect transistors (FETs) and monolithic microwave integrated circuits is critical for reliability. An original accurate closed-form expression is presented for the thermal resistance of multifinger FET structures. The model is based on the solution of Laplace's equations in prolate spheroidal coordinates and elliptical cylinder coordinates. The model's validity is verified by comparing the results with finite-element simulations, and experimental observations from liquid-crystal measurements and spatially resolved photoluminescence measurements. Very close agreement is observed in all cases. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Darwish, AM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM adarwish@arl.anny.mil; abayba@arl.army.mil; ahung@arl.army.mil NR 23 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 BP 306 EP 313 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2004.839916 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 887ZI UT WOS:000226343600034 ER PT J AU Anderson, AO Shaw, S AF Anderson, AO Shaw, S TI Conduit for privileged communications in the lymph node SO IMMUNITY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CD4 T-CELLS; DENDRITIC CELLS; ANTIGEN; CORTEX; ENCOUNTER AB A study by Sixt et al. in this issue of Immunity identifies conduit-associated dendritic cells whose privileged access to antigen arriving by the conduit enables uptake and processing of antigen within 90 min of antigen inoculation, long before the arrival of dendritic cells from skin. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Clin Pathol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, Expt Immunol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Anderson, AO (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Clin Pathol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 11 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1074-7613 J9 IMMUNITY JI Immunity PD JAN PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 BP 3 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.01.003 PG 3 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 892XI UT WOS:000226682900001 PM 15664153 ER PT J AU Peachman, KK Rao, M Alving, CR Palmer, DR Sun, W Rothwell, SW AF Peachman, KK Rao, M Alving, CR Palmer, DR Sun, W Rothwell, SW TI Human dendritic cells and macrophages exhibit different intracellular processing pathways for soluble and liposome-encapsulated antigens SO IMMUNOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dendritic cells; macrophages; liposomes; antigen trafficking; Ebola virus ID MHC CLASS-I; CROSS-PRESENTATION; EBOLA-VIRUS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; TRANS-GOLGI; T-CELLS; DC-SIGN; REQUIRES; PROTEIN; ENTRY AB The intracellular fates of soluble and liposomal antigens in human macrophages and dendritic cells are not well defined. Previous studies using murine macrophages have demonstrated that liposomal antigens can enter the MHC class I pathway. The Golgi complex is a major organelle in this pathway. Phagocytosis of the antigens is followed by translocation of antigen-derived peptides to the trans-Golgi where they can complex with MHC class I molecules. In contrast, soluble antigens are normally processed through the MHC class II pathway. Therefore, in the present study, ovalbumin and a synthetic Ebola peptide were used either in a soluble form or encapsulated in liposomes to investigate the intracellular trafficking and localization of these antigens to the Golgi complex in human macrophages and dendritic cells. While liposome-encapsulated antigens were transported to the trans-Golgi region in 59-78% of macrophages, soluble antigens remained diffuse throughout the cytoplasm with only 3-11% of the macrophages exhibiting trans-Golgi localization. The majority of dendritic cells localized both soluble (Ebola, 75%; ovalbumin, 84%) and liposomal antigens (58% and 65%), and irradiated Ebola virus to the trans-Golgi. These studies demonstrate that the intracellular fate of soluble and liposomal antigens can differ depending upon the antigen-presenting cell. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Div Retrovirol, Dept Vaccine Prod & Delivery, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable & Infect Dis, Dept Viral Dis, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Mil Casualty Res, Dept Blood Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anat Physiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Peachman, KK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Div Retrovirol, Dept Vaccine Prod & Delivery, 13 Taft Court Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM Kristina.Peachman@na.amedd.army.mil NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0171-2985 J9 IMMUNOBIOLOGY JI Immunobiology PY 2005 VL 210 IS 5 BP 321 EP 333 DI 10.1016/j.imbio.2005.06.002 PG 13 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 965VS UT WOS:000231979100005 PM 16164039 ER PT J AU Krzych, U Schwenk, RJ AF Krzych, U Schwenk, RJ TI The dissection of CD8 T cells during liver-stage infection SO IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS OF MALARIA SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM SPOROZOITE; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; MALARIA SPOROZOITES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; ANTIGEN 1; IN-VIVO; IRRADIATED SPOROZOITES; BERGHEI SPOROZOITES AB Multiple injections of gamma-radiation-attenuated Plasmodium sporozoites (gamma-spz) can induce long-lived, sterile immunity against pre-erythrocytic stages of malaria. Malaria antigen (Ag)-specific CD8 T cells that produce IFN-gamma are key effector cells in this model of protection. Although there have been numerous reports dealing with gamma-spz-induced CD8 T cells in the spleen, CD8 T cells most likely confer protection by targeting infected hepatocytes. Consequently, in this chapter we discuss observations and hypotheses concerning CD8 T cell responses that occur in the liver after an encounter with the Plasmodium parasite. Protracted protection against pre-erythrocytic stages requires memory CD8 T cells and we discuss evidence that gamma-spz-induced immunity is indeed accompanied by the presence of intrahepatic CD44(hi) CD45RB(lo) CD62](lo) CD122(lo) effector memory (EM) CD8 T cells and CD44(hi) CD45RB(hi) CD62](hi) CD122(hi) central memory (CM) CD8 T cells. In addition, the EM CD8 T cells rapidly release IFN-gamma in response to spz challenge. The possible role of Kupffer cells in the processing of spz Ags and the production of cytokines is also considered. Finally, we discuss evidence that is consistent with a model whereby intrahepatic CM CD8 T cells are maintained by IL-15 mediated-homeostatic proliferation while the EM CD8 T cells are conscripted from the CM pool in response to a persisting depot of liver-stage Ag. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Krzych, U (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Bldg 503 Forest Glen Anex, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Urszula.Krzych@na.AMEDD.army.mil NR 113 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2005 VL 297 BP 1 EP 24 PG 24 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BDG14 UT WOS:000233335900001 PM 16265901 ER PT J AU Beeson, JG Duffy, PE AF Beeson, JG Duffy, PE TI The immunology and pathogenesis of malaria during pregnancy SO IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS OF MALARIA SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID FALCIPARUM-INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; CHONDROITIN SULFATE-A; VARIANT SURFACE-ANTIGENS; BLOOD-STAGE ANTIGENS; ADHERENT PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; HUMAN TERM PLACENTA; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; VAR GENE FAMILY; HYALURONIC-ACID; MEMBRANE PROTEIN-1 AB Women in endemic areas become highly susceptible to malaria during first and second pregnancies, despite immunity acquired after years of exposure. Recent insights have advanced our understanding of pregnancy malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, which is responsible for the bulk of severe disease and death. Accumulation of parasitized erythrocytes in the blood spaces of the placenta is a key feature of maternal infection with P. falciparum. Placental parasites express surface ligands and antigens that differ from those of other P. falciparum variants, facilitating evasion of existing immunity, and mediate adhesion to specific molecules, such as chondroitin sulfate A, in the placenta. The polymorphic and clonally variant P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1, encoded by var genes, binds to placental receptors in vitro and may be the target of protective antibodies. An intense infiltration of immune cells, including macrophages, into the placental intervillous spaces, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines often occur in response to infection, and are associated with low birth weight and maternal anemia. Expression of alpha and beta chemokines may initiate or facilitate this cellular infiltration during placental malaria. Specific immunity against placental-binding parasites may prevent infection or facilitate clearance of parasites prior to the influx of inflammatory cells, thereby avoiding a cascade of events leading to disease and death. Much less is known about pathogenic processes in P. vivax infections, and corresponding immune responses. Emerging knowledge of the pathogenesis and immunology of malaria in pregnancy will increasingly lead to new opportunities for the development of therapeutic and preventive interventions and new tools for diagnosis and monitoring. C1 Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Parkville, Vic, Australia. Seattle Biomed Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Beeson, JG (reprint author), Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Parkville, Vic, Australia. EM beeson@wehi.edu.au FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI52059] NR 195 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2005 VL 297 BP 187 EP 227 PG 41 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BDG14 UT WOS:000233335900006 PM 16265906 ER PT J AU Krakauer, T Chen, X Howard, OMZ Young, HA AF Krakauer, T Chen, X Howard, OMZ Young, HA TI Triptolide attenuates endotoxin- and staphylococcal exotoxin-induced T-cell proliferation and production of cytokines and chemokines SO IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytokine; SEB; TSST-1; LPS; immunosuppression; triptolide ID WILFORDII HOOK-F; TOXIC-SHOCK-SYNDROME; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; TRIPTERYGIUM-WILFORDII; ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; HUMAN-DISEASE; SUPERANTIGENS; ACTIVATION AB Proinflammatory cytokines mediate the toxic effects of superantigenic staphylococcal exotoxins (SE) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Triptolide, an oxygenated diterpene derived from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Tripterygium wilfordii, inhibited SE-stimulated T-cell proliferation (by 98%) and expression of interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor, gamma interferon, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha, and MIP-1 beta by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). It also blocked the production of these cytokines and chemokines by LPS-stimulated PBMC in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that triptolide has potent immunosuppressive effects even counteracting the effects of superantigens and LPS. It also may be therapeutically useful for mitigating the pathogenic effects of these microbial products by downregulating the signaling pathways activated by both bacterial exotoxins and endotoxins. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, SAIC Frederick, Basic Res Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Mol Immunoregulat Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Natl Canc Inst, Expt Immunol Lab, Canc Res Ctr, Frederick, MD USA. RP Krakauer, T (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Bldg 1425, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM Teresa.Krakauer@det.amedd.army.mil RI Young, Howard/A-6350-2008; Howard, O M Zack/B-6117-2012; Chen, Xin/I-6601-2015 OI Young, Howard/0000-0002-3118-5111; Howard, O M Zack/0000-0002-0505-7052; Chen, Xin/0000-0002-2628-4027 NR 37 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-3973 J9 IMMUNOPHARM IMMUNOT JI Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. PY 2005 VL 27 IS 1 BP 53 EP 66 DI 10.1081/IPH-200051294 PG 14 WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 910NY UT WOS:000227939800004 PM 15803859 ER PT S AU Hohil, ME Desai, S Bass, H Chambers, J AF Hohil, ME Desai, S Bass, H Chambers, J BE Szu, HH TI Wavelet feature extraction for reliable discrimination between high explosive and chemical/biological artillery SO Independent Component Analyses, Wavelets, Unsupervised Smart Sensors, and Neural Networks III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Independent Component Analyses, Wavelets, Unsupervised Smart Sensors, and Neural Networks III CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc, Int Neural Network Soc, Int Soc Professional Thermographers, Michigan Aerosp Corp, Snell Infrared, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Cent Florida AB Feature extraction methods based on the discrete wavelet transform and multiresolution analysis are used to develop a robust classification algorithm that reliably discriminates between conventional and simulated chemical/biological artillery rounds via acoustic signals produced during detonation. Distinct characteristics arise within the different airburst signatures because high explosive warheads emphasize concussive and shrapnel effects, while chemical/biological warheads are designed to disperse their contents over large areas, therefore employing a slower burning, less intense explosive to mix and spread their contents. The ensuing blast waves are readily characterized by variations in the corresponding peak pressure and rise time of the blast, differences in the ratio of positive pressure amplitude to the negative amplitude, and variations in the overall duration of the resulting waveform. Unique attributes can also be identified that depend upon the properties of the gun tube, projectile speed at the muzzle, and the explosive burn rates of the warhead. In this work, the discrete wavelet transform is used to extract the predominant components of these characteristics from air burst signatures at ranges exceeding 2km. Highly reliable discrimination is achieved with a feedforward neural network classifier trained on a feature space derived from the distribution of wavelet coefficients and higher frequency details found within different levels of the multiresolution decomposition. C1 USA, RDECOM, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Hohil, ME (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5803-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5818 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1117/12.603648 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCK32 UT WOS:000229698000009 ER PT B AU Hu, B Gomes, CAS Freihaut, JD Bahnfleth, W Thran, B AF Hu, B Gomes, CAS Freihaut, JD Bahnfleth, W Thran, B BE Yang, X Zhao, B Zhao, R TI Literatur review and parametric study: Indoor particle resuspension by human activity SO INDOOR AIR 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2005) CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, Shanghai Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, US EPA, Amer Ind Hyg Assoc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers, Int Commiss Occupat Hlth, SC Indoor Air Qual & Hlth, Int Council Res & Innovat Bldg & Construct, European Commiss Asia Pro Eco Programme Promot Sustainable Solut Environm Europe & Asia, Korean Soc Indoor Environm, Soc Indoor Environm DE resuspension; human activity; mechanical vibration; boundary drag force; electrostatic force ID ADHESION AB Once an aerosol contaminant is introduced into an indoor environment, it can remain in the air, deposit on interior surfaces or attach to dust particles already present. Human activity, such as walking and cleaning, resuspends contaminated particles, regenerating airborne contaminants. This report is a literature review on the effects of human activity on particle re-suspension in indoor environment. A parametric investigation is also made on particle resuspension effects of potential mechanical, aerodynamic and electrostatic force components, due to human activity over the particle-containing reservoir. It is shown that combinations of mechanical-aero-electro forces from human activity, can lead to significant particle resuspension in indoor environment. Additional experimental and modeling work is recommended to quantify the influence of human activity on indoor particle resuspension. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Architectural Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Maintenance & Prevent Med, Environm Hlth Risk Assessment Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Hu, B (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Architectural Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM buh117@psu.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-89494-830-4 PY 2005 BP 1541 EP 1545 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BDJ55 UT WOS:000233831202029 ER PT J AU Ranallo, RT Fonseka, CP Cassels, F Srinivasan, J Venkatesan, MM AF Ranallo, RT Fonseka, CP Cassels, F Srinivasan, J Venkatesan, MM TI Construction and characterization of bivalent Shigella flexneri 2a vaccine strains SC608(pCFAI) and SC608(pCFAI/LTB) that express antigens from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-LABILE TOXIN; COLONIZATION FACTOR ANTIGEN; PIG KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS MODEL; NASAL INFLUENZA VACCINE; CELL CHOLERA VACCINE; STRAIN CVD 1204; B-SUBUNIT; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; MUCOSAL ADJUVANTS AB An invasive strain of Shigella flexneri 2a (SC608) has been developed as a vector for the expression and delivery of heterologous antigens. SC608 is an aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (asd) derivative of SC602 (icsA iuc), a well-characterized live attenuated vaccine strain which has undergone several clinical trials in human volunteers. When administered orally at a single 10(4) (CFU) dose, SC602 is both immunogenic and efficacious against shigellosis. Using asd-based plasmid vectors, we designed SC608 to express the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) fimbrial subunit CfaB (CFA/I structural subunit) alone or in combination with the E. coli B subunit of heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB). The expression of each heterologous protein in SC608 was verified by immunoblot analysis. Each strain was comparable to the parent strain, SC602, in a HeLa cell invasion assay. After intranasal immunizations of guinea pigs, serum and mucosal immune responses were detected against both Shigella lipopolysaccharide and heterologous ETEC antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and ELISPOT analysis. All immunized animals were subsequently protected against a challenge with wild-type S.flexneri 2a in a keratoconjunctivitis Sereny test. Serum antibodies generated against LTB and CfaB demonstrated antitoxin and agglutination activities, respectively. These results suggest that CfaB and LTB expressed in SC608 retain important conformational epitopes that are required for the generation of antibodies that have functional activities. These initial experiments demonstrate that a fully invasive Shigella vaccine strain can be engineered to deliver antigens from other diarrheal pathogens. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communible Dis & Immunol, Dept Enter Infect, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Venkatesan, MM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communible Dis & Immunol, Dept Enter Infect, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Malabi.Venkatesan@na.amedd.army.mil NR 57 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 73 IS 1 BP 258 EP 267 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.1.258-267.2005 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 883TD UT WOS:000226037700026 PM 15618162 ER PT J AU Darko, CA Angov, E Collins, WE Bergmann-Leitner, ES Girouard, AS Hitt, SL McBride, JS Diggs, CL Holder, AA Long, CA Barnwell, JW Lyon, JA AF Darko, CA Angov, E Collins, WE Bergmann-Leitner, ES Girouard, AS Hitt, SL McBride, JS Diggs, CL Holder, AA Long, CA Barnwell, JW Lyon, JA TI The clinical-grade 42-kilodalton fragment of merozoite surface protein 1 of Plasmodium falciparum strain FVO expressed in Escherichia coli protects Aotus nancymai against challenge with homologous erythrocytic-stage parasites SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID C-TERMINAL FRAGMENT; MALARIA VACCINE DEVELOPMENT; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; IN-VITRO; CRITICAL PATH; MONKEYS; INVASION; INHIBIT; GROWTH; IMMUNIZATION AB A 42-kDa fragment from the C terminus of major merozoite surface protein 1 (MSPI) is among the leading malaria vaccine candidates that target infection by asexual erythrocytic-stage malaria parasites. The MSP1(42) gene fragment from the Vietnam-Oak Knoll (FVO) strain of Plasmodium falciparum was expressed as a soluble protein in Escherichia coli and purified according to good manufacturing practices. This clinical-grade recombinant protein retained some important elements of correct structure, as it was reactive with several functional, conformation-dependent monoclonal antibodies raised against P. falciparum malaria parasites, it induced antibodies (Abs) that were reactive to parasites in immunofluorescent Ab tests, and it induced strong growth and invasion inhibitory antisera in New Zealand White rabbits. The antigen quality was further evaluated by vaccinating Aotus naneymai monkeys and challenging them with homologous P. falciparum FVO erythrocytic-stage malaria parasites. The trial included two control groups, one vaccinated with the sexual-stage-specific antigen of Plasmodium vivax, Pvs25, as a negative control, and the other vaccinated with baculovirus-expressed MSPI,, (FVO) as a positive control. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Ab titers induced by E. coli MSP1(42) were significantly higher than those induced by the baculovirus-expressed antigen. None of the six monkeys that were vaccinated with the E. coli MSPI,, antigen required treatment for uncontrolled parasitemia, but two required treatment for anemia. Protective immunity in these monkeys correlated with the ELISA Ab titer against the p19 fragment and the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain 2 fragment of MSP1(42), but not the MSP1(42) protein itself or the EGF-like domain 1 fragment. Soluble MSP1(42) (FVO) expressed in E. coli offers excellent promise as a component of a vaccine against erythrocytic-stage falciparum malaria. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NIAID, Malaria Vaccine Dev Unit, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA USA. US Agcy Int Dev, USAID Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Biol Sci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. Natl Inst Med Res, Div Parasitol, London NW7 1AA, England. RP Angov, E (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Evelina.angov@na.amedd.army.mil RI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/B-3548-2011; Holder, Anthony/A-7554-2013 OI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/0000-0002-8571-8956; Holder, Anthony/0000-0002-8490-6058 FU Medical Research Council [MC_U117532067]; NIAID NIH HHS [YIAI-0438-03]; NIDCD NIH HHS [CDC C100-042] NR 41 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 73 IS 1 BP 287 EP 297 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.1.287-297.2004 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 883TD UT WOS:000226037700029 PM 15618165 ER PT J AU Koterski, JF Nahvi, M Venkatesan, MM Haimovich, B AF Koterski, JF Nahvi, M Venkatesan, MM Haimovich, B TI Virulent Shigella flexneri causes damage to mitochondria and triggers necrosis in infected human monocyte-derived macrophages SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID III SECRETION; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; CELL-DEATH; PERMEABILITY TRANSITION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; IPAC INVASINS; L929 CELLS; ENTRY; SUPEROXIDE AB Shigella flexneri is a gram-negative bacterium that causes bacillary dysentery in humans that is characterized by an acute inflammatory response of the colon. The fate of phagocytes that are infected in vitro with virulent Shigella has been the subject of some investigation and debate. In this study we found that virulent Shigella caused a rapid increase in the cell membrane permeability of infected human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM) but not in the cell membrane permeability of monocytes, as demonstrated by the uptake of fluorescent vital dyes. Within 2 h of infection, 59% +/- 6% of the HMDM and less than or equal to4% of the monocytes were stained with propidium iodide. Treatment of the cells with the inhibitors of caspases WAD and zVAD, the antioxidants N-acetyl-L-cysteine and butylated hydroxyanisole, or an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, diphenyleniodonium, did not alter the infection outcome. Importantly, we found that virulent Shigella caused a rapid drop in the ATP level to about 50% in infected HMDM. Furthermore, using a combination of fluorescent vital dyes and mitochondrial membrane potential-sensitive dyes, we observed that cells that exhibited a permeable cell membrane were not stained by the mitochondrion-specific dyes, indicating that the mitochondrial membrane potential was lost in these cells. We also observed infected cells that were not stained with either type of dye, indicating that the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential preceded the increase in cell membrane permeability. Taken together, our studies showed that virulent Shigella flexneri targets the host cell mitochondria for destruction. This activity may account for the necrotic cell death precipitated by these pathogens. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Surg, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Canc Inst New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Haimovich, B (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Surg, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM haimovic@umdnj.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R03 AI053202, R03-AI 53202] NR 41 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 73 IS 1 BP 504 EP 513 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.1.504-513.2005 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 883TD UT WOS:000226037700054 PM 15618190 ER PT S AU Tomkinson, M Teaney, B Olson, J Chari, S AF Tomkinson, M Teaney, B Olson, J Chari, S BE Holst, GC TI Dual band sensor fusion for urban target acquisition SO Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB Different systems are optimized for and are capable of addressing issues in the different spectral regions. Each sensor has its own advantages and disadvantages. The research presented in this paper focuses on the fusion of MWIR (0.3-0.5 mu m) and LWIR (0.8-12 mu m) spectrums on one IR Focal Plane Array (FPA). The information is processed and then displayed in a single image in an effort to analyze possible benefits of combining the two bands. The analysis addresses how the two bands differ by revealing the dominant band in terms of temperature value for different objects in a given scene, specifically the urban environment. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Tomkinson, M (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5769-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5784 BP 27 EP 34 DI 10.1117/12.609973 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCS00 UT WOS:000230987000003 ER PT S AU O'Connor, JD Corbin, T Tomkinson, D AF O'Connor, JD Corbin, T Tomkinson, D BE Holst, GC TI Probability of identification comparison for targets in the visible, illuminated shortwave infrared and longwave infrared spectra SO Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB This research describes a comparison of target identification performance between targets in the longwave infrared, illuminated shortwave infrared and visible spectral bands. Increasing levels of Gaussian blur were applied to eight varying aspects of twelve targets in the longwave infrared, illuminated shortwave infrared and visible spectra. A double-blind experiment was conducted with the first group of observers trained to identify all the targets using longwave infrared imagery and the second group trained to identify all the targets using visible imagery. Results of the first group's visible identification scores and the second group's longwave identification scores were compared to their results for illuminated shortwave infrared identification scores. In both cases, the illuminated shortwave infrared identification scores fell below the untrained visible or longwave infrared counterpart. C1 US Army Res, Dev & Engn Command, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP O'Connor, JD (reprint author), US Army Res, Dev & Engn Command, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5769-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5784 BP 42 EP 47 DI 10.1117/12.604684 PG 6 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCS00 UT WOS:000230987000005 ER PT S AU Devitt, N Hixson, JG Moyer, S Flug, E AF Devitt, N Hixson, JG Moyer, S Flug, E BE Holst, GC TI Urban vehicle cycle criteria for identification SO Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB In the urban operations (UO) environment, it may be necessary to identify various vehicles that can be referred to as non-traditional vehicles. A police vehicle might require a different response than a civilian vehicle, or a tactical vehicle. This research reports the measured 50% probability of identification cycle criteria (N(50)s and V(50)s) required to identify a different vehicle set than previously researched at NVESD. Longwave infrared (LWIR) and midwave infrared (MWIR) imagery of twelve vehicles at twelve different aspects was collected. Some of the vehicles in this confusion set include an ambulance, a. police sedan, a HMMWV, and a pickup truck. This set of vehicles represents those commonly found in urban environments. The images were blurred to reduce the number of resolvable cycles. The results of the human perception experiments allowed the 50% probability of identification cycle criteria (N(50)s and V(50)s) to be measured. These results will allow the modeling of sensor performance in the urban terrain for infrared imagers. C1 US Army, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Devitt, N (reprint author), US Army, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5769-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5784 BP 48 EP 59 DI 10.1117/12.604851 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCS00 UT WOS:000230987000006 ER PT S AU Moyer, S Devitt, N AF Moyer, S Devitt, N BE Holst, GC TI Resolvable cycle criteria for identifying personnel based on clothing and armament variations SO Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE FLIR; FLIR modeling; personnel identification; target acquisition ID RECOGNITION AB In the urban environment, it may be necessary to identify personnel based on their type of dress. Observing a police officer or soldier might require a different response than observing an armed civilian. This paper reports on the required number of resolvable cycles to identify different personnel based upon the variations of their clothing and armament. Longwave (LWIR), and midwave infrared (NMR) images of twelve people at twelve aspects were collected. These images were blurred and 11 human observers performed a 12-alternative forced choice visual identification experiment. The results of the human perception experiments were used to measure the required number of resolvable cycles for identifying these personnel. These results are used in modeling sensor performance tasks and improving war-game simulations oriented to the urban environment. C1 US Army, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Moyer, S (reprint author), US Army, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5769-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5784 BP 60 EP 71 DI 10.1117/12.605999 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCS00 UT WOS:000230987000007 ER PT S AU Vollmerhausen, R Hodgkin, V AF Vollmerhausen, R Hodgkin, V BE Holst, GC TI New methodology for predicting minimum resolvable temperature SO Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE laboratory measurement; thermal imager AB The most common form of system performance check for thermal imagers is Minimum Resolvable Temperature (MRT). Viewing 4-bar patterns of various sizes, one at a time, generates an MRT plot. For each size of bar pattern, the MRT is the minimum temperature between bar and space that makes the pattern visible. Small MRT when viewing a large bar pattern indicates good system sensitivity, and small MRT when viewing a small bar pattern indicates good system resolution. Two problems make laboratory MRT difficult to predict. First, because MRT is supposed to represent the best achievable sensor performance, the operator is encouraged to change sensor gain and level for each bar pattern size. This means that the imager is not in a single gain state throughout the MRT measurement. Second, aliasing makes the MRT for sampled imagers difficult to predict. This paper describes a new model for predicting laboratory MRT. The model accounts for variation of the sensor gain during measurement. Also, the model includes the visual bandpass properties of human vision, permitting sampled imager MRT to be accurately predicted. These model changes result in MRT predictions significantly different from previous models. Model results are compared to laboratory measurements. C1 US Army, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Vollmerhausen, R (reprint author), US Army, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5769-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5784 BP 72 EP 80 DI 10.1117/12.609915 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCS00 UT WOS:000230987000008 ER PT S AU Driggers, R Krapels, K Young, S AF Driggers, R Krapels, K Young, S BE Holst, GC TI The meaning of super-resolution SO Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID RESOLUTION; VIDEO AB Regarding the terminology "super-resolution," there is frequently confusion with respect to the meaning of the word. In fact, some say that the term has been "hijacked" or stolen from its original meaning and is being applied improperly to a newer area of work. The earlier work involved the estimation of spatial information beyond the MTF band-limit of an imaging system (typically the diffraction limit). The newer work involves the use of successive, multiple frames from an undersampled imager to collectively construct a higher resolution image. The former area has to do with diffraction blur and the latter area has to do with sampling. In this short paper, we describe the nomenclature confusion, the two research areas, present a nomenclature solution proposed by IEEE, and then provide some comments and conclusions. C1 US Army Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22206 USA. RP Driggers, R (reprint author), US Army Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22206 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5769-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5784 BP 103 EP 106 DI 10.1117/12.609917 PG 4 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCS00 UT WOS:000230987000011 ER PT S AU Cha, JH Jacobs, E AF Cha, JH Jacobs, E BE Holst, GC TI Superresolution reconstruction and its impact on sensor performance SO Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE superresolution; sensor performance ID IMAGE AB Superresolution reconstruction algorithms are increasingly being proposed as enhancements for low resolution electro-optical and thermal sensors. These algorithms exploit either random or programmed motion of the sensor along with some form of estimation to provide a higher density sampling of the scene. In this paper, we investigate the impact of superresolution processing on observer performance. We perform a detailed analysis of the quality of reconstructed images under a variety of scene conditions and algorithm parameters with respect to human performance of a well defined task; target identification of military vehicles. Imagery having synthetic motion is used with the algorithm to produce a series of static images. These images were used in a human perception study of target identification performance. Model predictions were compared with task performance. The implication of these results on the improvement of models to predict sensor performance with superresolution is discussed. C1 US Army, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Cha, JH (reprint author), US Army, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5769-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5784 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1117/12.604868 PG 7 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCS00 UT WOS:000230987000012 ER PT S AU Young, SS Driggers, RG AF Young, SS Driggers, RG BE Holst, GC TI Super-resolution image reconstruction from a sequence of aliased imagery SO Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE aliased imagery; error-energy reduction; sub-pixel shift estimation; super-resolution image reconstruction ID RESOLUTION; REGISTRATION AB This paper presents a super-resolution image reconstruction from a sequence of aliased imagery. The sub-pixel shifts (displacement) among the images are unknown due to uncontrolled natural jitter of the imager. A correlation method is utilized to estimate sub-pixel shifts between each low-resolution aliased image with respect to a reference image. An error-energy reduction algorithm is derived to reconstruct the high-resolution alias-free output image. The main feature of this proposed error-energy reduction algorithm is that we treat the spatial samples from low-resolution images that possess unknown and irregular (uncontrolled) sub-pixel shifts as a set of constraints to populate an over-sampled (sampled above the desired output bandwidth) processing array. The estimated sub-pixel locations of these samples and their values constitute a spatial domain constraint. Furthermore, the bandwidth of the alias-free image (or the sensor imposed bandwidth) is the criterion used as a spatial frequency domain constraint on the over-sampled processing array. The results of testing the proposed algorithm on the simulated low-resolution aliased images from real world nonaliased FLIR (Forward-Looking Infrared) images, real world aliased FLIR images and visible aliased images are provided. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Young, SS (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5769-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5784 BP 114 EP 124 DI 10.1117/12.603482 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCS00 UT WOS:000230987000013 ER PT S AU Jacobs, E Driggers, RG Young, S Krapels, K Tener, G Park, J AF Jacobs, E Driggers, RG Young, S Krapels, K Tener, G Park, J BE Holst, GC TI NVThermIP modeling of super-resolution algorithms SO Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB Undersampled imager performance enhancement has been demonstrated using super-resolution reconstruction techniques. In these techniques, the optical flow of the scene or the relative sub-pixel shift between frames is calculated and a high-resolution grid is populated with spatial data based on scene motion. Increases in performance have been demonstrated for observers viewing static images obtained from super-resolving a sequence of frames in a dynamic scene and for dynamic framing sensors. In this paper, we provide explicit guidance on how to model super-resolution reconstruction algorithms within existing thermal analysis models such as NVThermIP. The guidance in this paper will be restricted to static target/background scenarios. Background is given on the interaction of sensitivity and resolution in the context of a super-resolution process and how to relate these characteristics to parameters within the model. We then show results from representative algorithms modeled with NVThermIP. General guidelines for analyzing the effects of super-resolution in models are then presented. C1 US Army, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Jacobs, E (reprint author), US Army, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5769-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5784 BP 125 EP 135 DI 10.1117/12.604900 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCS00 UT WOS:000230987000014 ER PT S AU Flug, E Maurer, T Nguyen, OT AF Flug, E Maurer, T Nguyen, OT BE Holst, GC TI Time limited field of regard search SO Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE field-of-regard; time limited; search AB Recent work by the US Army RDECOM CERDEC Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) has led to the Time-Limited Search (TLS) model, which has given new formulations for the field of view (FOV) search times. The next step in the evaluation of the overall search model (ACQUIRE) is to apply these parameters to the field of regard (FOR) model. Human perception experiments were conducted using synthetic imagery developed at NVESD. The experiments were competitive player-on-player search tests with the intention of imposing realistic time constraints on the observers. FOR detection probabilities, search times, and false alarm data are analyzed and compared to predictions using both the TLS model and ACQUIRE. C1 USA, Res Dev & Engn COmmand, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Flug, E (reprint author), USA, Res Dev & Engn COmmand, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5769-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5784 BP 216 EP 223 DI 10.1117/12.604587 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCS00 UT WOS:000230987000022 ER PT S AU Wilson, D Devitt, N Maurer, T AF Wilson, D Devitt, N Maurer, T BE Holst, GC TI Search times and probability of detection in time-limited search SO Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB When modeling the search and target acquisition process, probability of detection as a function of time is important to war games and physical entity simulations. Recent US Army RDECOM CERDEC Night Vision and Electronics Sensor Directorate modeling of search and detection has focused on time-limited search. Developing the relationship between detection probability and time of search as a differential equation is explored. One of the parameters in the current formula for probability of detection in time-limited search corresponds to the mean time to detect in time-unlimited search. However, the mean time to detect in time-limited search is shorter than the mean time to detect in time-unlimited search and the relationship between them is a mathematical relationship between these two mean times. This simple relationship is derived. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Wilson, D (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5769-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5784 BP 224 EP 231 DI 10.1117/12.604771 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCS00 UT WOS:000230987000023 ER PT S AU O'Shea, P Sousk, S AF O'Shea, P Sousk, S BE Holst, GC TI Practical issues with 3D-noise measurements and application to modern infrared sensors SO Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE 3D noise; NETD; FLIR; infrared imaging system; infrared system measurements AB The two most important characteristics of every infrared imaging system are its resolution and its sensitivity. The resolution is limited by the system's Modulation Transfer Function (MTF), which is typically measurable. System sensitivity is limited by noise, which for infrared systems is usually thought of as a Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference (NETD). However, complete characterization of system noise in modem systems requires the 3D-Noise methodology (developed at NVESD), which separates the system noise into 7 orthogonal components including both temporal-varying and fixed-pattern noises. This separation of noise components is particularly relevant and important in characterizing Focal Plane Arrays (FPA), where fixed-pattem noise can dominate. Since fixed-pattern noise cannot be integrated out by post-processing or by the eye, it is more damaging to range performance than temporally-varying noise. While the 3D-Noise methodology is straightforward, there are several important practical considerations that must be accounted for in accurately measuring 3D Noise in the laboratory. This paper describes these practical considerations, the measurement procedures used in the Advanced Sensor Evaluation Facility (ASEF) at NVESD, and their application to characterizing modern and future infrared imaging systems. C1 USA, RDECOm, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP O'Shea, P (reprint author), USA, RDECOm, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5769-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5784 BP 262 EP 271 DI 10.1117/12.604588 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCS00 UT WOS:000230987000027 ER PT S AU Sousk, S O'Shea, P Hodgkin, V AF Sousk, S O'Shea, P Hodgkin, V BE Holst, GC TI Measurement of uncooled thermal imager noise SO Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE infrared systems testing; uncooled infrared sensor noise; thermal imager noise measurements; sensor noise variations AB Uncooled staring thermal imagers have noise characteristics that are different from cooled thermal imagers (photon detector sensors). For uncooled sensors, typical measurements of some noise components can vary as much as 3 to 5 times the original noise value. Additionally, the detector response often drifts to the point that non-uniformity correction is only good for a short time period. Because the noise can vary so dramatically with time, it can prove difficult to measure the noise associated with uncooled systems. However, it is critical that laboratory measurements provide repeatable and reliable measurement of constructed uncooled thermal imagers. In light of the above difficulties, a primary objective of this research has been to develop a satisfactory measurement for the noise of uncooled staring thermal imagers. In this research effort, three-dimensional noise (31) Noise) data vs. time was collected for several uncooled sensors after nonuniformity correction. Digital and analog noise data vs. time were collected nearly simultaneously. Also, multiple 3D Noise vs. time runs were made to allow the examination of variability. Measurement techniques are being developed to provide meaningful and repeatable test procedures to characterize the uncooled systems. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Sousk, S (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5769-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5784 BP 301 EP 308 DI 10.1117/12.604595 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCS00 UT WOS:000230987000031 ER PT S AU Tate, GS AF Tate, GS BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF TI Linear-drive cryocoolers for the Department of Defense Standard Advanced Dewar Assembly (SADA) SO Infrared Technology and Applications XXXI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXI CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE cryocooler; tactical cryocooler; SADA; DoD; US army; MANTECH AB The Standard Advanced Dewar Assembly (SADA) is the critical module in the Department of Defense (DoD) standardization of scanning second-generation thermal imaging systems. The DoD has established a family of SADAs to fulfill a range of performance requirements for various platforms. The SADA consists of the Infrared Focal Plane Array (IRFPA), Dewar, Command & Control Electronics (C&CE), and the cryogenic cooler, and is used in platforms such as the Apache helicopter, the M1A2 Abrams main battle tank, the M2 Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicle, and the Javelin Command Launch Unit (CLU). In support of the family of SADAs, the DoD defined a complementary family of tactical linear drive cryocoolers. The Stirling cycle linear drive cryocoolers are utilized to cool the Infrared Focal Plane Arrays (IRFPAs) in the SADAs. These coolers are required to have low input power, a quick cool-down time, low vibration output, low audible noise, and a higher reliability than currently fielded rotary coolers. These coolers must also operate in a military environment with its inherent high vibration level and temperature extremes. This paper will (1) outline the characteristics of each cryocooler, (2) present the status and results of qualification tests, (3) present the status of production efforts, and (4) present the status of efforts to increase linear drive cooler reliability. C1 USA, RDECOM CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directora, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Tate, GS (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directora, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5768-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5783 BP 138 EP 144 DI 10.1117/12.606441 PN 1-2 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BCR50 UT WOS:000230925900016 ER PT S AU Horn, S Lohrmann, D Norton, P McCormack, K Hutchinson, A AF Horn, S Lohrmann, D Norton, P McCormack, K Hutchinson, A BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF TI Reaching for the sensitivity limits of uncooled and minimally-cooled thermal and photon infrared detectors SO Infrared Technology and Applications XXXI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXI CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB Great incentive exists for the development of infrared detectors that can operate without cooling near the limit of photon or thermal fluctuations. Great progress has been made in past 30 years developing uncooled thermal detectors that now provide enough sensitivity for many routine infrared imaging needs, albeit with relatively slow response times. Even now, however, the sensitivity of uncooled thermal detectors is 3-15x less sensitive than the ideal characteristics predict. In this paper we first examine the current status of uncooled thermal detectors to understand the limiting mechanisms which appear to be 1/f noise and system noise. Approaches for developing uncooled or minimally-cooled photon detectors are then reviewed. A modification of one current approach, bias extraction of minority carriers, is suggested involving photo-JFETs rather than photodiodes. It appears that the most promising prospect for uncooled or minimally-cooled photon detectors is in the MWIR spectral region. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Horn, S (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5768-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5783 BP 401 EP 411 DI 10.1117/12.609467 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BCR50 UT WOS:000230925900043 ER PT S AU Pantuso, FP AF Pantuso, FP BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF TI The Path to affordable and available 640x480 Uncooled FPAs SO Infrared Technology and Applications XXXI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXI CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB The cost of high sensitivity, high resolution, (640x480) Uncooled IR (UCIR) sensors is too high for the sensors to widely proliferate. To achieve cost reduction and production capacity goals, improvements are required in the following areas: the Read-out Integrated Circuit (ROIC), the pixel design, the Integrated Circuit Processing of MEMS structures, vacuum package design, batch assembly package processing and automated testing. The improvements result in increased yield at the wafer level, increased yield through packaging, lower labor assembly and testing costs and improved performance. A cost model will be presented to show the interrelationship of the various costs and how the reduction in cost may be achieved. C1 USA, RDECOm, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Pantuso, FP (reprint author), USA, RDECOm, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5768-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5783 BP 539 EP 543 DI 10.1117/12.606484 PN 1-2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BCR50 UT WOS:000230925900057 ER PT S AU Goldberg, A Cho, E McQuiston, B AF Goldberg, A Cho, E McQuiston, B BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF TI Laboratory and field performance of a megapixel QWIP focal plane array SO Infrared Technology and Applications XXXI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXI CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE infrared; focal plane arrays; QWIP; large format; field imagery AB In recent years quantum well infrared (IR) photodetector (QWIP) focal plane array (FPA) technology has developed to the point where it may be considered a candidate for insertion into 3rd generation FLIR systems. Large format 1024x1024 pixels FPAs have been produced using QWIP technology. We report on the application of a large format FPAs to the challenges facing today's military. These include the collection of signatures of military vehicles for long-range target detection/idenfification. The FPA used was a 1024x1024 pixel array which is available commercially. from QWIP Technologies, Inc. We show imagery of military targets at ranges from 500 m to 5 km acquired in the field. The results of the performance in the field are compared to that predicted by computer models and the performance of the large format QWIP FPA will be evaluated in terms of the capabilities of a notional 3(rd) generation FLIR system. C1 USA, Res Lab, EO Photon Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Goldberg, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, EO Photon Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5768-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5783 BP 755 EP 766 DI 10.1117/12.601863 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BCR50 UT WOS:000230925900081 ER PT S AU Vizgaitis, JN AF Vizgaitis, JN BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF TI Dual f/number optics for 3(rd) generation FLIR systems SO Infrared Technology and Applications XXXI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXI CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE optics; infrared; variable aperture; dual f/#; f/number; cold stop AB Dual f/number cooled IR optics allow future systems (i.e. 3(rd) Gen FLIR) to be optimized for each operational mode, while maintaining the same size packages. This permits improved signal-to-noise ratios for search applications while maintaining long ranges for targeting applications. In addition, it enables the optimization of dual band sensor optics (MWIR and LWIR) based on the change of the diffraction limit with wavelength and f/number. In essence, dual f/number optics allow for improvements in either sensitivity or resolution for a given operational mode of a sensor, depending on which is more critical. To make the transition from 2(nd) Generation systems to 3(rd) Generation dual f/number systems, both the optics and cold stop require changes. This paper details the concept of dual f/number optics, their design requirements, and the optics related issues that are inherent in their design. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Vizgaitis, JN (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 2 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5768-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5783 BP 875 EP 886 DI 10.1117/12.604328 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BCR50 UT WOS:000230925900093 ER PT S AU Watkins, J Kelz, DW AF Watkins, J Kelz, DW GP TRB TI Multiscenario, spatially detailed forecasting of utility steam coal for the Ohio river navigation system SO INLAD WATERWAYS; PORTS AND CHANNELS; AND THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 84th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP US Dept Transportat, US Fed Aviat Adm, US Fed Highway Adm, US Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, US Fed Railroad Adm, US Fed Transit Adm, US Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, US Res & Innovat Technol Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Transportat Res Board, Transportat Dept 50 States, Puerto Rico & District Columbia AB The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has pursued continual refinement in the waterway traffic forecasts used in project economic analyses. The multiscenario forecasting of utility steam coal described in this paper, based on the work of Hill & Associates, Inc. (H&A), is a substantial refinement of previous forecasting efforts. H&A prepares 20-year steam coal forecasts on the basis of the interaction of two major linear programming models: the National Power Model (NPM) and the Utility Fuel Economics Model (UFEM). The NPM is a utility industry model that dispatches all electric generating plants in the United States (coal and noncoal), producing forecasts of generation by fuel type within a context of transmission and environmental constraints. The UFEM makes use of highly detailed coal supply data (for approximately 98 coal types) to allocate fuels among plants and units. These two models develop forecasts of coal demand for electricity generation, by type of coal, which were then "mapped" to the waterway. H&A prepared separate forecast scenarios based on three alternative environmental regulatory futures. The first is a continuation of existing law (in this case, the national ambient air quality standards). The second H&A scenario reflects implementation of the administration's Clear Skies Initiative. The final H&A scenario is an implementation of the Clear Skies Initiative without the proposal's severe mercury restrictions. C1 Hill & Associates Inc, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. USA, Corp Engn, Navigat Planning Ctr, Huntington, WV 25701 USA. RP Watkins, J (reprint author), Hill & Associates Inc, 222 Severn Ave, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-09382-1 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2005 IS 1909 BP 39 EP 46 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BDP21 UT WOS:000234682400006 ER PT S AU Sudar, A AF Sudar, A GP TRB TI Measuring nontraditional benefits and costs of inland navigation SO INLAD WATERWAYS; PORTS AND CHANNELS; AND THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 84th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP US Dept Transportat, US Fed Aviat Adm, US Fed Highway Adm, US Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, US Fed Railroad Adm, US Fed Transit Adm, US Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, US Res & Innovat Technol Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Transportat Res Board, Transportat Dept 50 States, Puerto Rico & District Columbia AB The evaluation of navigation projects has evolved from a standard procedure done strictly by engineers and economists to a process that involves a wide range of stakeholders. Not surprisingly, these diverse stakeholders have different views regarding what should count in the benefit-cost analysis of water resource development projects and how the effects are to be economically valued. The methodologies that are described have been used to measure and monetize some of the externalities of inland navigation, the benefits and costs of which have not traditionally been included in benefit-cost ratios. The emphasis is the benefits (lower air emissions) associated with freight transport via water compared with those of other modes, particularly truck. C1 USA, Corps Engn, Inst Water Resources, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Sudar, A (reprint author), USA, Corps Engn, Inst Water Resources, 7701 Teleg Rd, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-09382-1 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2005 IS 1909 BP 47 EP 53 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BDP21 UT WOS:000234682400007 ER PT S AU Grier, DV Hawnn, AF Lane, JM Patel, S AF Grier, DV Hawnn, AF Lane, JM Patel, S GP TRB TI Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund SO INLAD WATERWAYS; PORTS AND CHANNELS; AND THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 84th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP US Dept Transportat, US Fed Aviat Adm, US Fed Highway Adm, US Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, US Fed Railroad Adm, US Fed Transit Adm, US Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, US Res & Innovat Technol Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Transportat Res Board, Transportat Dept 50 States, Puerto Rico & District Columbia AB The status and the performance of the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund (HMTF) are evaluated. The harbor maintenance tax (HMT) and HMTF were established by Title XIV of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986. The HMT is applied as a 0.125% ad valorem fee on the value of commercial cargo loaded or unloaded on vessels using federally maintained harbor projects. The HMTF is authorized to be used to recover 100% of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers eligible operation and maintenance (O&M) expenditures for commercial navigation, along with 100% of the O&M cost of the St. Lawrence Seaway by the St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation, certain costs of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and costs to administer the HMTF. The U.S. Supreme Court found that the HMT violated the export clause of the U.S. Constitution; as a result, the U.S. Customs Service halted HMT collections on U.S. exports in fiscal year 1998. However, the revenue stream from HMT collections on imports, domestic shipments, passengers, foreign trade zone cargo, and interest earnings should be sufficient to recover eligible expenditures for the foreseeable future. C1 USA, Corps Engn, Inst Water Resources, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-09382-1 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2005 IS 1909 BP 54 EP 61 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BDP21 UT WOS:000234682400008 ER PT J AU Cole, MW Nothwang, WD Joshi, PC Hirsch, S Demaree, JD AF Cole, MW Nothwang, WD Joshi, PC Hirsch, S Demaree, JD TI Thin film processing and integration methods to enable affordable mobile communications systems SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Materials Research Congress (IMRC) CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Conacyt, Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Centro Univ Vinculac, Sectetaria Educ Publica, Vicerrectoria Investigac & Estudios Posgrado, Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Mexicano Petroleo, Intercovamex, CEISA Protecc Ambiental, Consejo Estatal Ciencia & Tecnol, Centro Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Inst Investigac Mat, DOE Off Basic Energy Sci, Centro Investigac & Estudios Avanzados IPN, Off Naval Res Global, JEOL, PONEA SA, CV, Amer Ceram Soc, FEI Co, Biomat Network, SPECTRAMEX, SA DE CV DE ferroelectric thin films; phase shifters; integration; buffer layer; BST ID DEVICE APPLICATIONS; MICROSTRUCTURE; CIRCUITS AB Utilizing a co-planar device design we have successfully designed, fabricated, characterized, and optimized a high performance Ta2O5 thin film passive buffer layer on Si substrates, which will allow the integration of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (BST) films with large area affordable Si substrates. This passive buffer layer thin film was fabricated via the industry standard metalorganic solution deposition technique. The anneal optimized Ta2O5 based thin film possessed an enhanced dielectric constant (epsilon(r)=45.6), low dielectric loss (tan delta=0.006), high film resistivity (rho=10(12) Omega-cm at E=1 MV/cm), excellent temperature stability (temperature coefficient of capacitance of 52 ppm/degrees C), and excellent bias stability of capacitance (similar to 1.41 % at 1 MV/cm). Additionally, the permittivity and dissipation factor exhibited minimal dielectric dispersion with frequency. The dielectric passive buffer layer film was typified by a uniform dense microstructure with minimal defects, and a smooth, nano-scale fine grain, crack/pinhole free surface morphology. Optimization of the integration design configuration was achieved by evaluating two heterostructure processing protocols; ((1))a single anneal and ((2))a dual anneal process protocol. Our results demonstrated the dual anneal process, to be an excellent method for realizing the successful monolithic integration of BST with affordable Si substrates. This work also demonstrated that the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between the Ta2O5 buffer and BST active thin films in the coplanar device design serves to enhance the dielectric tunability of the device. The impact of this materials integration technology will promote broad scale implementation of affordable On-The-Move (OTM) phased array antenna systems across a variety of advanced communications platforms. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Sharp Labs Amer Inc, Camas, WA 98607 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mcole@arl.army.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2005 VL 71 BP 29 EP 44 DI 10.1080/10584580590965032 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 954IQ UT WOS:000231149200005 ER PT J AU Cole, MW Nothwang, WD Hirsch, S Mohanchandra, KP Demaree, JD Carman, GP AF Cole, MW Nothwang, WD Hirsch, S Mohanchandra, KP Demaree, JD Carman, GP TI Integration of active thin films with silicon compatible materials and process science protocols for MEMS scale vibration damping applications SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Materials Research Congress (IMRC) CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Conacyt, Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Centro Univ Vinculac, Sectetaria Educ Publica, Vicerrectoria Investigac & Estudios Posgrado, Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Mexicano Petroleo, Intercovamex, CEISA Protecc Ambiental, Consejo Estatal Ciencia & Tecnol, Centro Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Inst Investigac Mat, DOE Off Basic Energy Sci, Centro Investigac & Estudios Avanzados IPN, Off Naval Res Global, JEOL, PONEA SA, CV, Amer Ceram Soc, FEI Co, Biomat Network, SPECTRAMEX, SA DE CV DE passive damping; composite thin films; NiTi thin films; integration; active thin films ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOY; DOMAIN-WALL MOTION; DEVICE APPLICATIONS; ENERGY-ABSORPTION AB Utilizing a BaSrTiO3/NiTi hybrid composite thin film design on a silicon substrate we have successfully fabricated, characterized, and optimized a high performance vibration control pedestal for passive damping of die level MEMS components. The thin film fabrication and integration protocols were accomplished via semiconductor industry standard processing methods and procedures. The ferroelectric tetragonal phase of BaSrTiO3 was deposited by metalorganic solution deposition (MOSD) technique followed by annealing in flowing oxygen. Thin film NiTi was sputter deposited utilizing a TiNi target in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber, followed by in situ vacuum annealing. Comparison of a variety of designs and integration processing protocols demonstrated that the sequential deposition of the BaSrTiO3 and NiTi thin films, followed by their respective optimized crystallization anneals at 750 and 500 degrees C, achieved successful materials compatible monolithic integration of the composite bi-layer stack with the Si support wafer. The impact of this materials integration technology, based on foundry friendly film deposition techniques and integration procedures, serves to promote wide-scale implementation of vibration control passive damping for a variety of device/die level structures. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mcole@arl.army.mil NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2005 VL 71 BP 81 EP 98 DI 10.1080/10584580590964718 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 954IQ UT WOS:000231149200009 ER PT J AU Potrepka, D Hirsch, S Ngo, E Hubbard, C AF Potrepka, D Hirsch, S Ngo, E Hubbard, C TI Ba1-xSrxTiO3 electrical properties-scale and thermal processing SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Materials Research Congress (IMRC) CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Conacyt, Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Centro Univ Vinculac, Sectetaria Educ Publica, Vicerrectoria Investigac & Estudios Posgrado, Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Mexicano Petroleo, Intercovamex, CEISA Protecc Ambiental, Consejo Estatal Ciencia & Tecnol, Centro Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Inst Investigac Mat, DOE Off Basic Energy Sci, Centro Investigac & Estudios Avanzados IPN, Off Naval Res Global, JEOL, PONEA SA, CV, Amer Ceram Soc, FEI Co, Biomat Network, SPECTRAMEX, SA DE CV DE ferroelectricity; post anneal; deposition temperature; barium strontium titanate ID THIN-FILMS AB Bulk charge-balance substituted Ba1-xSrxTiO3 provides a benchmark for low-loss, tunable ferroelectric phase shifter performance over US Military and commercial temperature specification ranges. Thin film dimensions and processing techniques are more amenable to portability requirements. Thin-film Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 was deposited on Pt/Si(100) at 400 to 700 degrees C. At room temperature, state-of-the-art thin-film tunability was obtained and was found to improve with deposition temperature, but losses also increased. The results are compared to those of bulk charge-balance substituted Ba1-xSrxTiO3. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USA, Res Lab, Act & Multifunct Mat, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM dpotrepka@arl.army.mil OI Potrepka, Daniel/0000-0002-0528-1038 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 EI 1607-8489 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2005 VL 71 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1080/10584580590964727 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 954IQ UT WOS:000231149200010 ER PT J AU Nothwang, WD Cole, MW Hirsch, SG AF Nothwang, WD Cole, MW Hirsch, SG TI Grain growth and residual stress in BST thin films SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Materials Research Congress (IMRC) CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Conacyt, Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Centro Univ Vinculac, Sectetaria Educ Publica, Vicerrectoria Investigac & Estudios Posgrado, Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Mexicano Petroleo, Intercovamex, CEISA Protecc Ambiental, Consejo Estatal Ciencia & Tecnol, Centro Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Inst Investigac Mat, DOE Off Basic Energy Sci, Centro Investigac & Estudios Avanzados IPN, Off Naval Res Global, JEOL, PONEA SA, CV, Amer Ceram Soc, FEI Co, Biomat Network, SPECTRAMEX, SA DE CV DE thin films; grain growth; residual stress; grain coalescence; BST ID TUNABILITY; SURFACE AB Residual stress plays an important role in the determination of properties and lifetime of thin film dielectric films. While residual stress can be caused by a variety of factors, grain growth is of particular importance. Using theoretical approaches the stress due to grain growth and coalescence are predicted for magnesium doped barium strontium titanate thin films on magnesium oxide single crystal substrates. Grain growth leads to large compressive stresses for larger grains, while grain coalescence yields extremely high tensile stresses in very thin films. How stress affects defect incorporation, stress relaxation pathways, and their impact on film properties are examined. C1 USA, Res Lab, WMRD, Mat Res Div,Act Mat Res Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Nothwang, WD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, WMRD, Mat Res Div,Act Mat Res Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM wothwang@arl.army.mil NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2005 VL 71 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1080/10584580590964736 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 954IQ UT WOS:000231149200011 ER PT J AU Crowne, F Potrepka, D Tidrow, S AF Crowne, F Potrepka, D Tidrow, S TI Modeling the double well potential configuration of Ti+4: A first step toward a transverse Ising model for BST SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Materials Research Congress (IMRC) CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Conacyt, Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Centro Univ Vinculac, Sectetaria Educ Publica, Vicerrectoria Investigac & Estudios Posgrado, Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Mexicano Petroleo, Intercovamex, CEISA Protecc Ambiental, Consejo Estatal Ciencia & Tecnol, Centro Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Inst Investigac Mat, DOE Off Basic Energy Sci, Centro Investigac & Estudios Avanzados IPN, Off Naval Res Global, JEOL, PONEA SA, CV, Amer Ceram Soc, FEI Co, Biomat Network, SPECTRAMEX, SA DE CV DE transverse ising; BST; modeling; double-well potential ID RAMAN-SPECTRUM; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; BATIO3; DEPENDENCE; BEHAVIOR; KNBO3 AB The dc and low-frequency dynamic responses of the complex BST-based solid solutions BaxSr1-x(B+B-)(y)Ti1-2yO3, where B+ and B- are charge-compensating B-site donors and acceptors (e.g., Sc+3 and Ta+5) replacing Ti atoms, can be treated at the microscopic level by using an order-disorder picture of the underlying ferroelectricity based on the transverse Ising model. Because the order-disorder picture postulates a double-well potential configuration for the ferroelectric displacement of least one ion, we model this configuration empirically for the most active ion in BST, Ti+4. The model is based on a variational treatment of the Schroedinger equation for the titanium ion, plus fitting to Raman linewidth data for the A, (TO) phonon in BaTiO3 and calculated energies for Ti interstitial formation. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM fcrowne@arl.army.mil RI Tidrow, Steven/C-8133-2013 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 EI 1607-8489 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2005 VL 71 BP 161 EP 171 DI 10.1080/10584580590964600 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 954IQ UT WOS:000231149200014 ER PT J AU Crowne, F Tidrow, S Potrepka, D Rod, B AF Crowne, F Tidrow, S Potrepka, D Rod, B TI A minable transition from ferroelectric slab waveguide to microstrip, with applications to radar transmit-receive switching SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Materials Research Congress (IMRC) CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Conacyt, Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Centro Univ Vinculac, Sectetaria Educ Publica, Vicerrectoria Investigac & Estudios Posgrado, Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Mexicano Petroleo, Intercovamex, CEISA Protecc Ambiental, Consejo Estatal Ciencia & Tecnol, Centro Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Inst Investigac Mat, DOE Off Basic Energy Sci, Centro Investigac & Estudios Avanzados IPN, Off Naval Res Global, JEOL, PONEA SA, CV, Amer Ceram Soc, FEI Co, Biomat Network, SPECTRAMEX, SA DE CV DE microwave transitions; ferroelectric waveguides; dielectric slab waveguides; impedance transformers AB A transmission-line model is used to obtain the reflection coefficient of a tapered transition from ferroelectric-slab waveguide to microstrip, both numerically and in terms of Whittaker functions. Such transitions are required due to the low impedances of ferroelectric slab waveguides, which are dictated by the need to bias these lines with de fields. The model predicts that proper design can lead to transitions with excellent characteristics, even for strongly mismatched lines. It also predicts large changes in the reflection coefficient with an applied dc bias, which could make radar transmit-receive switching feasible. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Crowne, F (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM fcrowne@arl.army.mil RI Tidrow, Steven/C-8133-2013 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2005 VL 71 BP 193 EP 205 DI 10.1080/10584580590964637 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 954IQ UT WOS:000231149200017 ER PT J AU Nothwang, WD Cole, MW Schwartz, RW AF Nothwang, WD Cole, MW Schwartz, RW TI Stressed-biased actuators: Lateral stress and loading effects SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Materials Research Congress (IMRC) CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Conacyt, Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Centro Univ Vinculac, Sectetaria Educ Publica, Vicerrectoria Investigac & Estudios Posgrado, Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Mexicano Petroleo, Intercovamex, CEISA Protecc Ambiental, Consejo Estatal Ciencia & Tecnol, Centro Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Inst Investigac Mat, DOE Off Basic Energy Sci, Centro Investigac & Estudios Avanzados IPN, Off Naval Res Global, JEOL, PONEA SA, CV, Amer Ceram Soc, FEI Co, Biomat Network, SPECTRAMEX, SA DE CV DE lateral stress; geometry; Thunder; stress-biased; actuators; displacement; impedance; dielectric; applied load ID RAINBOW ACTUATORS; CERAMICS AB The dielectric, impedance, and displacement characteristics for stress-biased Thunder(TM) actuators with varying degrees of lateral stress were measured under applied load. The steady-state displacement was larger for devices with higher lateral stress and devices under low external loading, than devices with less applied stress. Devices with higher lateral stress had significantly lower initial displacement due to stress induced domain pinning. Displacement resonances were shifted to lower applied masses for devices with higher internal stress. The impedance showed a sharp increase at low loading for Thunder(TM), indicating an increased absorption of input energy under applied load, though the dielectric constant decreased. C1 USA, Res Lab, WMTD, Mat Res Div,Act Mat Res Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Mat Sci & Ceram, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, WMTD, Mat Res Div,Act Mat Res Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM wnothwang@arl.army.mil NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 EI 1607-8489 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2005 VL 71 BP 207 EP 219 DI 10.1080/10584580590964655 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 954IQ UT WOS:000231149200018 ER PT J AU Nothwang, WD Cole, MW Schwartz, RW AF Nothwang, WD Cole, MW Schwartz, RW TI Stressed-biased actuators: Fatigue and lifetime SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Materials Research Congress (IMRC) CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Conacyt, Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Centro Univ Vinculac, Sectetaria Educ Publica, Vicerrectoria Investigac & Estudios Posgrado, Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Mexicano Petroleo, Intercovamex, CEISA Protecc Ambiental, Consejo Estatal Ciencia & Tecnol, Centro Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Inst Investigac Mat, DOE Off Basic Energy Sci, Centro Investigac & Estudios Avanzados IPN, Off Naval Res Global, JEOL, PONEA SA, CV, Amer Ceram Soc, FEI Co, Biomat Network, SPECTRAMEX, SA DE CV DE stress-biased; actuators; Thunder; fatigue; domain pinning; micro-cracking ID CERAMICS AB In order to fully understand the performance envelope of Stress-biased piezoelectric actuators, which offer an alternative to electromechanical motors, experimental work was conducted to assess the effects of operational conditions on device performance and fatigue during device lifetime, including tests at five loads, two actuator widths, and two substrate thicknesses and related to the displacement, dielectric, resonance, and impedance properties. Applied load increased the displacement, contributed to substantially decreased lifetime and determined the fatigue mechanism. Highly loaded samples experienced domain pinning, while lightly loaded samples suffered from micro-cracking. Lateral and longitudinal stresses had a similar effect. C1 USA, Res Lab, WMRD, Mat Res Div,Act Mat Res Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Mat Sci & Ceram, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Nothwang, WD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, WMRD, Mat Res Div,Act Mat Res Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM wnothwang@arl.army.mil NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2005 VL 71 BP 249 EP 255 DI 10.1080/10584580590965546 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 954IQ UT WOS:000231149200022 ER PT J AU Guo, JR You, C Zhou, K Chu, M Curran, PF Diao, JD Goda, B Kraft, RP McDonald, JF AF Guo, JR You, C Zhou, K Chu, M Curran, PF Diao, JD Goda, B Kraft, RP McDonald, JF TI A 10 GHz 4 : 1 MUX and 1 : 4 DEMUX implemented by a gigahertz SiGeFPGA for fast ADC SO INTEGRATION-THE VLSI JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ACM Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI CY APR 26-28, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP ACM DE FPGA; reconfigurable; SiGe; Mux; demux; 10GHz AB This paper describes the implementation of a scalable SiGe FPGA that serves as an interleaving and de-interleaving block in a high-speed reconfigurable data acquisition system. In this paper, the different generations of SiGe configurable blocks (Basic Cells(BC)) evolved from the Xilinx 6200 are presented and measured. The latest generation has a 94% reduction in power consumption (from 71 to 4.2 mW) and an 82.5% reduction of the propagation delay (from 238 to 42 ps) compared to the first generation design. To demonstrate the SiGe FPGA's capabilities of handling gigahertz signals, the SiGe FPGAs configured as the 4:1 multiplexer and 1:4 demultiplexer were designed to run at 10 Gbps. The comparisons between the SiGe and CMOS FPGAs are also provided. With these design results, the SiGe FPGA is able to process gigahertz signals such as S and K microwave bands. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Guo, JR (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM guoj@rpi.edu; youc@rpi.edu; chum2@rpi.edu; diaoj@rpi.edu; bryan.goda@usma.edu; kraftr2@rpi.edu; mcdonald@rpi.edu NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9260 J9 INTEGRATION JI Integration-VLSI J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 38 IS 3 BP 525 EP 540 DI 10.1016/j.vlsi.2004.07.005 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 890HU UT WOS:000226503100013 ER PT S AU Hayes, ST AF Hayes, Scott T. BE Pisarchik, AN TI Chaos from linear systems: Implications for communicating with chaos, and the nature of determinism and randomness SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL AND SYNCHRONIZATION OF DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS (CSDS-2005) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Control and Synchronization of Dynamical Systems CY OCT 04-07, 2005 CL Leon, MEXICO SP Cent Invest Opt, Soc Ind & Appl Math AB A method is developed for producing deterministic chaotic motion from the linear superposition of a bi-infinite sequence of randomly polarized basis functions. The resultant waveform is also formally a random process in the usual sense. In the example given, a three-dimensional embedding produces an idealized version of Lorenz motion. The one-dimensional approximate return map is piecewise linear; a tent or shift, depending on the Poincare section. The results are presented in an informal style so that they are accessible to a wide audience interested in both theory and applications of symbolic dynamics communication. C1 USA, RDECOM, AMSRD AMR WS ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Hayes, ST (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, AMSRD AMR WS ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. EM sthayes@erols.com NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 23 BP 215 EP 237 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/23/1/024 PG 23 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BMO66 UT WOS:000273142000024 ER PT S AU Blakely, JN Corron, NJ AF Blakely, Jonathan N. Corron, Ned J. BE Pisarchik, AN TI Multiplexing symbolic dynamics-based chaos communications using synchronization SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL AND SYNCHRONIZATION OF DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS (CSDS-2005) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Control and Synchronization of Dynamical Systems CY OCT 04-07, 2005 CL Leon, MEXICO SP Cent Invest Opt, Soc Ind & Appl Math ID TRANSMISSION-LINE OSCILLATOR; LAG SYNCHRONIZATION; SYSTEM AB A novel form of multiplexing information-bearing chaotic waveforms is demonstrated experimentally. This scheme dramatically increases the information carrying capacity of a chaotic communication system. In the transmitter, information is encoded in the chaotic waveforms of two electronic circuits using small perturbations to induce the symbolic dynamics to follow a prescribed symbol sequence. Waveforms from each of the drive oscillators are summed to form a single scalar signal that is transmitted to the receiver. Identical oscillators in the receiver synchronize to their counterparts in the drive system, effectively de-multiplexing the transmitted signal. The transmitted information in each channel is extracted from simple return maps of the receiver oscillators. C1 [Blakely, Jonathan N.; Corron, Ned J.] USA, RDECOM, AMSRD AMR WS ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Blakely, JN (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, AMSRD AMR WS ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. EM jonathan.blakely@us.army.mil OI Blakely, Jonathan/0000-0002-9772-582X; Corron, Ned/0000-0002-3232-5024 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 23 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/23/1/027 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BMO66 UT WOS:000273142000027 ER PT S AU Handschuh, R Kilmain, C AF Handschuh, R Kilmain, C GP VDI-Berichte GmbH TI Experimental study of the influence of speed and load on thermal behavior of high-speed helical gear trains SO International Conference on Gears, Pts 1 and 2: EUROPE INVITES THE WORLD SE VDI BERICHTE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Gears CY SEP 14-16, 2005 CL Garching, GERMANY AB An experimental effort has been conducted on an aerospace-quality helical gear train to investigate the thermal behavior of the gear system as speed, load, and lubricant flow rate were varied. Temperature test data from a helical gear train at varying speeds and loads (to 5000 hp and 15000 rpm) was collected using thermocouple rakes and axial arrays. The instrumentation was able to capture the radial and axial expelled lubricant-air environment (fling-off lubricant) that is expelled during the gear meshing process. Effects of operational characteristics are presented. C1 USA, Res Lab, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Handschuh, R (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU V D I-V D E - VERLAG GMBH PI DUSSELDORF PA PO BOX 10 11 39, W-40002 DUSSELDORF, GERMANY SN 0083-5560 BN 3-18-091904-3 J9 VDI BERICHT PY 2005 VL 1904 BP 1395 EP 1411 PN 1&2 PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BDK36 UT WOS:000233988800084 ER PT S AU Corron, NJ Pethel, SD AF Corron, NJ Pethel, SD GP IEEE TI Information flow in synchronization SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 10-12, 2005 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc DE synchronization; chaos; information theory; symbolic dynamics; lag synchronization; anticipating synchronization ID MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; SYMBOLIC DYNAMICS; CHAOTIC SYSTEMS; COMMUNICATION AB Information theory is used to explore synchronization of unidirectionally coupled chaotic oscillators. A symbolic dynamics is used to identify and tag the emerging information that must be communicated to maintain synchronization. It was recently shown that a minimum channel capacity exceeding the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy of the drive system is necessary and sufficient to maintain synchronization to any precision. Here, these results are extended to derive fundamental tradeoffs between the precision to which the drive is detected, the quality of synchronization, and the delay or anticipation exhibited by the response. Experimental results using electronic circuits illustrate these tradeoffs. C1 USA, RDECOM, AMSRD, AMR WS ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Corron, NJ (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, AMSRD, AMR WS ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. EM ned.corron@us.army.mil; shawn.pethel@us.army.mil OI Corron, Ned/0000-0002-3232-5024 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-9298-1 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2005 BP 3546 EP 3551 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BDT16 UT WOS:000235210803092 ER PT J AU Kubata, BK Nagamune, K Murakami, N Merkel, P Kabututu, Z Martin, SK Kalulu, TM Mustakuk, H Yoshida, M Ohnishi-Kameyama, M Kinoshita, T Duszenko, M Urade, Y AF Kubata, BK Nagamune, K Murakami, N Merkel, P Kabututu, Z Martin, SK Kalulu, TM Mustakuk, H Yoshida, M Ohnishi-Kameyama, M Kinoshita, T Duszenko, M Urade, Y TI Kola acuminata proanthocyanidins: a class of anti-trypanosomal compounds effective against Trypanosoma brucei SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chemotherapy; Kola; trypanosomiasis; ultrastructure ID HUMAN AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS; VITRO TRYPANOCIDAL ACTIVITY; IN-VITRO; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; TRADITIONAL MEDICINE; SLEEPING SICKNESS; CONDENSED TANNINS; GALLIC ACID; ANTIOXIDANT; GLYCOSIDES AB Human African trypanosomiasis is undergoing an alarming rate of recrudescence in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Yet, there is no successful chemotherapy for the disease due to a limited number of useful drugs, side effects and drawbacks of the existing medication, as well as the development of drug resistance by the parasite. Here we describe a new lead anti-trypanosomal compound isolated from Kola acuminata (Makasu). We purified a proanthocyanidin by chromatographic procedures and confirmed its homogeneity and structure by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption ionisation Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry, respectively. In vitro, this compound potently induced growth arrest and lysis of bloodstream form trypanosomes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In a mouse model, it exhibited a trypanostatic effect that extended the life of infected, treated animals up to 8 days post-infection against the 4 days for infected, untreated animals. The proanthocyanidin showed a low cytotoxicity against mammalian cells, whereas treated-BF showed massive enlargement of their flagellar pocket and lysosome-like structures caused by an intense formation of multivesicular bodies and vesicles within these organelles. The observed ultrastructural alterations caused rupture of plasma membranes and the release of cell contents, indicative of a necrotic process rather than a programmed cell death. Interestingly, the proanthocyanidin acted against BF but not procyclic form trypanosomes. This new anti-trypanosomal compound should be further studied to determine its efficacy and suitability as an anti-trypanosomal drug and may be used as a tool to define novel specific drug targets in BF trypanosomes. (C) 2004 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Osaka Biosci Inst, Dept Mol Behav Biol, Suita, Osaka 5650874, Japan. Osaka Univ, Dept Immunoregulat, Microbial Dis Res Inst, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. Univ Tubingen, Inst Physiol Chem, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Osaka Univ, Dept Mol Protozool, Microbial Dis Res Inst, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Unit 64109, APO, AE 09831 USA. Kinshasa Univ, Fac Sci, Kinshasa XI, Congo. Natl Food Res Inst, Minist Agr Forestry & Fishers, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. RP Kubata, BK (reprint author), USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Unit 64109, APO, AE 09831 USA. EM bkubata@nairobi.mimcom.net RI Kinoshita, Taroh/C-7353-2009 NR 37 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 1 BP 91 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2004.10.019 PG 13 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 891HA UT WOS:000226570700011 PM 15619520 ER PT J AU Jackson, KE Fasanella, EL AF Jackson, KE Fasanella, EL TI Crash simulation of a vertical drop test of a commuter-class aircraft SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRASHWORTHINESS LA English DT Article DE aircraft crash testing and simulation; nonlinear explicit; transient dynamic finite element simulation; test-analysis correlation; LS-DYNA; crashworthiness AB A finite element model of an ATR42-300 commuter-class aircraft was developed and a crash simulation was executed. Analytical predictions were correlated with data obtained from a 30 ft/s (9.14 m/s) vertical drop test of the aircraft. The purpose of the test was to evaluate the structural response of the aircraft when subjected to a severe, but survivable, impact. The aircraft was configured with seats, dummies, luggage, and other ballast. The wings were filled with 8,700 lb. (3,946 kg) of water to represent the fuel. The finite element model, which consisted of 57,643 nodes and 62,979 elements, was developed from direct measurements of the airframe geometry. The seats, dummies, luggage, fuel, and other ballast were represented using concentrated masses. The model was executed in LS-DYNA, a commercial code for performing explicit transient dynamic simulations. Predictions of structural deformation and selected time-history responses were generated. The simulation was successfully validated through extensive test-analysis correlation. C1 USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Jackson, KE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, NASA Langley Res Ctr, MS495, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM karen.e.iackson-1@nasa.gov NR 15 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LIMITED PI LETCHWORTH PA BLACKHORSE RD, LETCHWORTH SG6 1HN, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1358-8265 J9 INT J CRASHWORTHINES JI Int. J. Crashworthiness PY 2005 VL 10 IS 2 BP 173 EP 182 DI 10.1533/ijcr.2005.0336 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 910BU UT WOS:000227905200005 ER PT J AU Keuning, H van Galen, GP Houtsma, AJM AF Keuning, H van Galen, GP Houtsma, AJM TI The role of size of an augmented force field in computer-aided target acquisition tasks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE AB This study describes three experiments in which the influence of different force-field radii on efficiency and satisfaction is tested within a target acquisition task. The first two experiments tested four radii, starting after 0%, 30%, 60%, or 80% of the total distance of a cursor movement was covered. In the first experiment, the force field with the largest radius was found to be the least satisfying, whereas the force field starting after 60% was the most satisfying. In the second experiment, however, the force field with the largest radius was found to be the most efficient. The third experiment presented two or more targets simultaneously and included a prediction algorithm, predicting a user's intended target. The force field starting after 30% of the path was found to be the least efficient and the least satisfying. The no-force condition was most efficient but was not rated higher than the two smallest fields. C1 Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Management Technol, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. Univ Nijmegen, NICI, Nijmegen, Netherlands. USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL USA. RP Keuning, H (reprint author), Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Management Technol, POB 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. EM hilde@keuning.com NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 1044-7318 J9 INT J HUM-COMPUT INT JI Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Interact. PY 2005 VL 18 IS 2 BP 219 EP 232 DI 10.1207/s15327590ijhc1802_5 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 922DO UT WOS:000228816500005 ER PT J AU Henz, BJ Tamma, KK Mohan, RV Ngo, ND AF Henz, BJ Tamma, KK Mohan, RV Ngo, ND TI Process modeling of composites by resin transfer molding - Sensitivity analysis for non-isothermal considerations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL METHODS FOR HEAT & FLUID FLOW LA English DT Article DE composite materials; finite element analysis; resins ID FILLING PROCESS; CURE; EQUATIONS; KINETICS AB Purpose - The purpose of the present paper is to describe the modeling, analysis and simulations for the resin transfer molding (RTM), manufacturing process with particular emphasis on the sensitivity analysis for non-isothermal applications. Design/methodology/approach - For the manufacturing of advanced composites via RTM, besides the tracking of the resin flow fronts through a porous fiber perform, the heat transfer and the resin cure kinetics play an important role. The computational modeling is coupled multi-disciplinary problem of flow-thermal-cure. The paper describes the so-called continuous sensitivity formulation via the finite element method for this multi-disciplinary problem for process modeling of composites manufactured by RTM to predict, analyze and optimize the manufacturing process. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. N Carolina A&T Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Greensboro, NC USA. United Def LP, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Henz, BJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0961-5539 J9 INT J NUMER METHOD H JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Heat Fluid Flow PY 2005 VL 15 IS 7 BP 631 EP 653 DI 10.1108/09615530510613852 PG 23 WC Thermodynamics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 978WO UT WOS:000232903900002 ER PT J AU See, W McLeod, DG Wirth, MP Iversen, P Morris, T Armstrong, J AF See, W McLeod, DG Wirth, MP Iversen, P Morris, T Armstrong, J TI Bicalutamide 150 mg in addition to standard care delays progression to bone metastases in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer: Analyses from the second analysis of the Early Prostate Cancer program SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Therapeutic-Radiology-and-Oncology CY OCT 16-20, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Soc Therapeut Radiol & Oncol C1 Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, D-8027 Dresden, Germany. Rigshosp, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 2005 VL 63 IS 2 SU 1 MA 2096 BP S286 EP S287 DI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.07.490 PG 2 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 967HW UT WOS:000232083301008 ER PT J AU Yang, J Abdel-Malek, K Nebel, K AF Yang, J Abdel-Malek, K Nebel, K TI Reach envelope of a 9-degree-of-freedom model of the upper extremity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS & AUTOMATION LA English DT Article DE reach envelope; ergonomics; shoulder complex; elbow; wrist ID SHOULDER COMPLEX; MANIPULATORS; JOINT; SINGULARITIES; ARM; WORKSPACE; MECHANISM AB This paper presents a rigorous mathematical formulation for modelling the upper extremity that is capable of considering a relatively large number of degrees of freedom, thus yielding a realistic model and associated envelope. Kinematic models are used to determine the reach envelope in closed form and to better understand human motion. Joint ranges of motion are taken into account by transforming unilateral inequality constraints into equalities that are included in the formulation. Methods from geometry are implemented to analyze the motion and delineate barriers within the workspace. These barriers are, in fact, observed to be surfaces where one or more joints of the limb are at their limits, but also where the hand's motion has encountered a kinematic singular configuration. Such a configuration is mathematically defined, and is physically associated with two links being parallel at an instant in time or where two joints axes are parallel (e.g., a fully extended arm yields a singular configuration). Barriers to motion can now be characterized in terms of different human performance measures, thus leading to a better understanding of the path trajectories assumed by humans as they execute tasks. C1 Univ Iowa, Ctr Comp Aided Design, Virtual Soldier Res Program, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USA, TACOM, Natl Automot Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Univ Iowa, Ctr Comp Aided Design, Virtual Soldier Res Program, 111 Engn Res Facil, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM jyang@engineering.uiowa.edu; amalek@engineering.uiowa.edu; kyle.nebel@us.army.mil RI Yang, Jingzhou/A-1178-2007; Yang, James/G-9801-2012 NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACTA PRESS PI CALGARY PA 2509 DIEPPE AVE SW, BLDG B6, STE 101, CALGARY, AB T3E 7J9, CANADA SN 0826-8185 EI 1925-7090 J9 INT J ROBOT AUTOM JI Int. J. Robot. Autom. PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 240 EP 259 PG 20 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA 969XI UT WOS:000232268800004 ER PT J AU Stair, EL Reddy, G Ritchey, JW Saliki, JT Qualls, CW AF Stair, EL Reddy, G Ritchey, JW Saliki, JT Qualls, CW TI Effects of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene on cytotoxicity and metabolic activity of type I astrocytes of rats SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE astrocytes; cytotoxicity; metabolic activity; rats; 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene ID BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; M-DINITROBENZENE NEUROTOXICITY; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; TOXICITY; VITRO; 1,3-DINITROBENZENE; CULTURE; MODEL; TNB AB 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene (TNB) is a munitions chemical that causes gliovascular lesions in the brain stem of rats similar to those produced by thiamine deficiency and nitroaromatic compounds, including m-dinitrobenzene. To identify neuropathic indices of toxicity, the effects of varying concentrations (0 to 2 mM) of TNB on cytotoxicity and cellular metabolic activity were examined using cultured astrocytes from Fischer-344 rats. The cytotoxicity was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage into the culture medium. Astrocyte metabolic activity was assessed by measuring the conversion of a tetrazolium salt to a formazan product. Additionally, the effects of oxidative stress on cellular metabolic activity were determined by varying oxygen tension via alteration of culture media depth. In vitro, the toxic concentration 50% (TC50) Of TNB, which induced cell death, was 16 mu M following a 24-h exposure. The concentration of TNB that reduced cellular metabolic activity by 50% was 29 mu M following a 24-h exposure. Varying the depth of the culture media did not influence the cellular metabolic activity in control or TNB-treated astrocytes. These results support the hypothesis that TNB induced neurotoxicity could partially be mediated via injury to astrocytes, a major component of the blood-brain barrier. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Toxicol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Oklahoma Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Reddy, G (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Toxicol, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM gunda.reddy@apg.amedd.army.mil NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 24 IS 1 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1080/10915810590918724 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 917HK UT WOS:000228451500008 PM 15981740 ER PT J AU Johnson, MS Michie, MW Bazar, MA Salice, CI Gogal, RM AF Johnson, MS Michie, MW Bazar, MA Salice, CI Gogal, RM TI Responses of oral 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) exposure to the common pigeon (Columba livia): A phylogenic and methodological comparison SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birds; chromaturia; emesis; feed; gavage; TNT ID TOXICITY; RATS; DOGS AB Considerable concentrations of the explosive, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) have been found in the soil at many installations where explosives have been used, manufactured, assembled, or destroyed. To evaluate risk to avian receptors, measures of exposure are compared with a threshold level of sublethal toxicity. To date, a single feeding study has evaluated the responses of oral TNT exposure to birds with equivocal results regarding sublethal effects. The present study followed a controlled dosing regime comprising four dose groups and a control (200, 120, 70, 20, and 0 mg TNT/kg body weight [bw]-day) in the common pigeon (Columba livia) for 60 days. Overt signs of toxicity occurred with both sexes between 2 and 3 weeks of exposure. Signs included weight loss, neuromuscular effects (e.g., ataxia, tremors, etc.), and scant red feces (chromaturia). Emetic events following dosing were common and proportional to dose; however, attempts to quantify vomitus compound concentration suggests that birds were marginally successful at removing TNT following administration. Eight of 12 and 2 of 12 males and females died or were moribund in the 200 and 120 mg/kg-day groups, respectively. Changes in hematological parameters, liver, kidney, and ovary weights were related to treatment. Dose-related changes in plasma albumin and sodium concentrations were also observed. These results suggest that subchronic exposure to TNT can adversely affect the central nervous system and hematological parameters in birds. Chemical analysis of blood detected concentrations of the two primary reduction metabolites, but not parent compound, suggesting that toxicity may be due to the bioaccumulation of a toxic intermediate. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, MCHB TS THE, Toxicol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Virginia Polytech & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Johnson, MS (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, MCHB TS THE, Toxicol Directorate, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM Mark.S.Johnson@us.army.mil NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 221 EP 229 DI 10.1080/10915810591000686 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 955YX UT WOS:000231267200004 PM 16126616 ER PT J AU Li, QG Xie, LH Si, YZ Wong, E Upadhyay, R Yanez, D Weina, PJ AF Li, QG Xie, LH Si, YZ Wong, E Upadhyay, R Yanez, D Weina, PJ TI Toxicokinetics and hydrolysis of artelinate and artesunate in malaria-infected rats SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antimalarial; artelinate; artesunate; dihydroartemisinin; hydrolysis; malaria-infected rats; toxicokinetics ID UNCOMPLICATED FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; ENTEROHEPATIC CIRCULATION; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ORAL ARTESUNATE; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; PHARMACOKINETICS; ARTEMISININ; ACID; BIOAVAILABILITY; DIHYDROARTEMISININ AB Comparative toxicokinetic (TK) and hydrolysis studies of intravenously administered two new antimalarial agents, artelinate (AL) and artesunate (AS), were performed in malaria-infected rats using three daily equimolar doses (96 mu moles/kg). The TK evaluation was related to select one drug for severe malaria treatment in U.S. Army. Drug concentration of AS with daily dose of 36.7 mg/kg was one-third less on day 3 than on day 1, which resembled its active metabolite, dihydroartemisinin (DHA), suggesting an autoinduction of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes for AS. The results were similar to other artemisinin drugs, but not for AL. TK parameters of AL were very comparable from day I to day 3 at same AS molecular dose at 40.6 mg/kg. AS is the prodrug of DHA with the DHA/AS ratio of 5.26 compared to the ratio of 0.01 for DHA/AL. Other TK parameters revealed that the total AUC(1-3days) (84.4 mu g center dot h ml(-1)) of AL was fivefold higher than that of AS (15.7 mu g center dot h ml(-1) of AS plus DHA). The elimination half-life of AL (7.1 h) was much longer than that of AS (0.36 h) or DHA (0.72 h). The remarkable alteration of the TK shape of AL may be caused by poor conversion rates to DHA and an enterohepatic circulation, which is confirmed by the present TK and tissue distribution studies. Compared to AS, higher drug exposure levels and longer exposure time of AL in the rat blood may be the cause of its increased toxicity. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Pharmacol, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Li, QG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Pharmacol, Div Expt Therapeut, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM qigui.li@na.amedd.army.mil RI Weina, Peter/A-2120-2011 NR 39 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 241 EP 250 DI 10.1080/10915810591007201 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 955YX UT WOS:000231267200006 PM 16126618 ER PT J AU Xie, LH Johnson, TO Weina, PJ Si, YZ Haeberle, A Upadhyay, R Wong, E Li, QG AF Xie, LH Johnson, TO Weina, PJ Si, YZ Haeberle, A Upadhyay, R Wong, E Li, QG TI Risk assessment and therapeutic indices of artesunate and artelinate in Plasmodium berghei - Infected and uninfected rats SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antimalarial; artelinate; artesunate; rats; risk assessment; therapeutic index ID ANTIMALARIAL ACTION; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; ARTEMISININ; DERIVATIVES; QINGHAOSU; ARTEETHER; ARTEMETHER; ACID; DIHYDROARTEMISININ; PHARMACOKINETICS AB Artesunate (AS) is being developed as a potential agent for the treatment of severe and complicated malaria. A risk assessment of the therapeutic index and related hematological changes of AS and artelinate (AL) following daily intravenous injection for 3 days was conducted in Plasmodium berghei-infected and uninfected rats. The minimum doses of AS and AL for parasitemia suppression were 2.3 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively, and the suppressive doses for half parasitemia (SD50) were 7.4 and 8.6 mg/kg, respectively. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for AS was 240 mg/kg with a therapeutic index of 32.6. The MTD for AL was 80 mg/kg with a therapeutic index of 9.3. Hematological changes were studied on days 1 and 8 after the final dosing. In both AS- and AL-treated rats, dose-dependent and rapidly reversible hematological changes (significant reductions in RBC, HCT, Hb, and reticulocyte levels) were seen in the peripheral blood. Bone marrow evaluation revealed a statistically significant reduction in the myeloid/erythroid ratio only at the highest dose of AS (240 mg/kg), albeit still within the normal ratio range (1.0-1.5:1.0). Looking at the respective therapeutic indices the authors have concluded that AS is much safer than AL. Both drugs induced hematological changes in rats that parallel the dose-dependent, reversible anemia and reticulocytopenia previously reported in animals and humans. However, no significant bone marrow depression was seen for either agent. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20307 USA. Naval Med Res Ctr, Dept Pathol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Li, QG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20307 USA. EM qigui.li@na.amedd.army.mil RI Weina, Peter/A-2120-2011 NR 39 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 251 EP 264 DI 10.1080/10915810591007229 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 955YX UT WOS:000231267200007 PM 16126619 ER PT J AU Johnson, MS Michie, MW Bazar, MA Gogal, RM AF Johnson, MS Michie, MW Bazar, MA Gogal, RM TI Influence of oral 2,4-dinitrotoluene exposure to the Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birds; Bobwhite; DNT; explosives; gavage ID CHRONIC TOXICITY; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; RAT; QUAIL AB Military activities associated with training, munitions manufacturing, and demilitarization has resulted in soil residues of munition compounds and their breakdown products. Two isomers of dinitrotoluene (2,4- and 2,6-) are often found in soil associated with those activities at considerable concentrations. Consequently, issues regarding the effects of exposure to birds that visit these habitats require evaluation. To provide data useful to a risk assessment approach, we followed a controlled dosing regime (gavage) using 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) in the Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) for 60 days following a 14-day range-finding study and the determination of a LD50 using the up/down method. The LD50 was determined to be 55 mg/kg using corn oil as a vehicle. Individuals dosed exceeding this level were moribund or died within 60 h of exposure. Morbidity and death occurred during the 14-day range-finding study at dosing regimens of 35 and 55, but not at 15, 5, and 0.5 mg/kg-day. Compound-related morbidity/mortality occurred in the 60-day study during the first week of exposure at 25 and 15, but not at 5, 1, and 0 mg/kg-day. Overt signs of toxicity occurred with both sexes at the onset of exposure. Signs included weight loss, diarrhea, and lethargy. Dose-related changes in egg production, ovary, kidney, and brain mass, and body weight, but not feed consumption, were found. Changes in kidney mass and histological observations suggest accumulation of nitrogenous waste may be the cause of morbidity. These data suggest that oral 2,4-DNT exposures are more acutely toxic and has a different etiology than 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in birds. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Hlth Effects Res Program, MCHB TS THE, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Johnson, MS (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Hlth Effects Res Program, MCHB TS THE, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM mark.s.johnson@us.army.mil NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 265 EP 274 DI 10.1080/10915810591007247 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 955YX UT WOS:000231267200008 PM 16126620 ER PT J AU O'Malley, PG AF O'Malley, PG TI Studying optimal healing environments: Challenges and proposals SO JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd American Samueli Symposium CY APR 21-22, 2005 CL Alexandria, VA ID HEALTH-CARE-SYSTEM; INTERNAL-MEDICINE AB The concept of optimal healing environments has strong face validity, but it is difficult to operationalize the complexity of the human dimensions that comprise the process of healing. Only rigorous evidence can justify the tremendous resources necessary to create optimal healing environments. This article outlines the current challenges of studying optimal healing environments from a clinical epidemiology perspective and discusses the major potential obstacles to include human resources, relationship-centered care competencies, dysfunctional educational and health care systems, research competencies, credibility, dispersed and unfocused current evidence base, and the actual logistical methodological difficulties. The concept of optimal healing environments is a paradigm shift in the delivery and study of medical care, and such an initiative will likely take decades to transition. However, there are feasible activities that can currently be undertaken to expedite this transition, chief of which is establishing a coalition of influential societies to forge an agenda on several fronts. Research activities presently should focus on validating and simplifying measurement tools for healing-related outcomes constructs, expanding the versatility and use of qualitative methods, as well as synthesizing research evidence to help clarify the current evidence base and the future research agenda. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Gen Internal Med, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP O'Malley, PG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Gen Internal Med, Dept Med, 6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Patrick.Omalley@na.amedd.army.mil NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1075-5535 J9 J ALTERN COMPLEM MED JI J. Altern. Complement Med. PY 2005 VL 11 SU 1 BP S17 EP S22 PG 6 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 993TH UT WOS:000233977500004 PM 16332182 ER PT J AU Popovic, T Hoffmaster, A Ezzell, JW Abshire, TG Brown, JE AF Popovic, T Hoffmaster, A Ezzell, JW Abshire, TG Brown, JE TI Validation of methods for confirmatory identification of presumptive isolates of Bacillus anthracis SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Popovic, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM txpl@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 BP 175 EP 177 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 893HN UT WOS:000226710000022 PM 15759739 ER PT J AU Sasser, M Kunitsky, C Jackoway, G Ezzell, JW Teska, JD Harper, B Parker, S Barden, D Blair, H Breezee, J Carpenter, J Cheek, WV DeMartino, M Evans, B Ezzell, JW Francesconi, S Franko, E Gardner, W Glazier, M Greth, K Harper, B Hart, T Hodel, M Holmes-Talbot, K Hopkins, KL Iqbal, A Johnson, D Krader, P Madonna, A McDowell, M McKee, ML Park, M Parker, S Pentella, M Radosevic, J Robison, RA Rotzoll, B Scott, K Smith, M Syed, N Tang, J Teska, JD Trinh, H Williams, LI Wolcott, M AF Sasser, M Kunitsky, C Jackoway, G Ezzell, JW Teska, JD Harper, B Parker, S Barden, D Blair, H Breezee, J Carpenter, J Cheek, WV DeMartino, M Evans, B Ezzell, JW Francesconi, S Franko, E Gardner, W Glazier, M Greth, K Harper, B Hart, T Hodel, M Holmes-Talbot, K Hopkins, KL Iqbal, A Johnson, D Krader, P Madonna, A McDowell, M McKee, ML Park, M Parker, S Pentella, M Radosevic, J Robison, RA Rotzoll, B Scott, K Smith, M Syed, N Tang, J Teska, JD Trinh, H Williams, LI Wolcott, M TI Identification of Bacillus anthracis from culture using gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acid methyl esters SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article C1 MIDI Inc, Newark, DE 19713 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Dugway Proving Ground, Div Life Sci, Dugway, UT 84022 USA. RP Sasser, M (reprint author), MIDI Inc, 125 Sandy Dr, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM sasser@midi-inc.com NR 0 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 BP 178 EP 181 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 893HN UT WOS:000226710000023 PM 15759740 ER PT J AU Katz, SA Salem, H AF Katz, SA Salem, H TI Chemistry and toxicology of building timbers pressure-treated with chromated copper arsenate: a review SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE chromated copper arsenate; CCA; building timber; wood preservatives ID WOOD PRESERVATIVES; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; FRESH-WATER; CHROMIUM; SPECIATION; TOXICITY; DUST; SOIL; BIOAVAILABILITY; CONTAMINATION AB A recent agreement between the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the wood-treating industry will result in a phase-out of building timbers preserved with chromated copper arsenate (CCA). This agreement was motivated by a desire to reduce exposure to arsenic in the production, utilization and disposal of such material. The leaching of chromium, copper and arsenic from CCA-treated building timbers into water and soil and the subsequent environmental effects have been reviewed, as have the laboratory and epidemiological studies on the toxicology of CCA-treated building timbers. The benefits of the phase-out agreement are questionable because much arsenic will remain in the environment, and the alternatives to wood preservation with CCA are not without environmental consequences. Copyright (C) 2005 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Camden, NJ 08102 USA. USA, SBCCOM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Katz, SA (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Camden, NJ 08102 USA. EM Skatz@Camden.Rutgers.edu NR 50 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 23 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1002/jat.1005 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 893QF UT WOS:000226733600001 PM 15669035 ER PT J AU Nelson, LS Shearer, JF AF Nelson, LS Shearer, JF TI 2,4-D and Mycoleptodiscus terrestris for control of Eurasian watermilfoil SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic plant management; biocontrol; fungal pathogen; herbicide; integrated weed management; invasive plant; Myriophyllum spicatum; (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid ID FUNGAL PATHOGEN; MYRIOPHYLLUM-SPICATUM; HYDRILLA-VERTICILLATA; NATIVE VEGETATION; INTEGRATED USE; WATER MILFOIL; HERBICIDE; FLURIDONE; ENDOTHALL; PLANTS C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Nelson, LS (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Linda.S.Nelson@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 43 BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 948GJ UT WOS:000230703800005 ER PT J AU Owens, CS Smart, RM Honnell, DR Dick, GO AF Owens, CS Smart, RM Honnell, DR Dick, GO TI Effects of pH on growth of Salvinia molesta mitchell SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE pH; nutrient availability; giant salvinia; distribution ID TEMPERATURE AB Growth of giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta Mitchell) under different pH regimes was examined at the Lewisville Aquatic Ecosystem Research Facility (LAERF) in Lewisville, Texas. Giant salvinia grew to completely cover a research pond over a 15-week period when pH was less than 7.5. Growth was reduced in a secondpond maintained at a higher pH ranging from 8.5 to 10.00. Tank studies found that significantly greater giant salvinia biomass was produced, over a 2-fold increase, at the lower pH (less than 7.5 units). Additionally, water chemistryof tanks changed, especially pH and dissolved oxygen, when completely coveredby the resultant mat. C1 Analyt Serv Inc, Lewisville Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. USAE, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. UNT, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. RP Owens, CS (reprint author), Analyt Serv Inc, Lewisville Ecosyst Res Facil, 20 Jones St, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 43 BP 34 EP 38 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 948GJ UT WOS:000230703800006 ER PT J AU Qabar, A Nelson, M Guzman, J Corun, C Hwang, BJ Steinberg, M AF Qabar, A Nelson, M Guzman, J Corun, C Hwang, BJ Steinberg, M TI Modulation of sulfur mustard induced cell death in human epidermal keratinocytes using IL-10 and TNF-alpha SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE human epidermal keratinocytes, sulfur mustard, cell death, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10 ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; NF-KAPPA-B; CULTURED HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; GLOMERULAR MESANGIAL CELLS; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; MEDIATED APOPTOSIS; CYTOKINE RELEASE; GENE-EXPRESSION AB We compared the effects of overexpressing a tightly regulated anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10 (IL-10), and the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on sulfur mustard induced cytotoxicity in human epidermal keratinocytes. Both cytokines were overexpressed when compared with the cells transfected with the empty vector as determined by quantitative ELISA. Cells overexpressing interleukin 10 suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 8 and interleukin 6 following exposure to 50-300 mu M sulfur mustard. These cells exhibited delayed onset of sulfur mustard induced cell death. On the other hand, cells overexpressing tumor necrosis factor alpha induced a sustained elevation in both interleukin 6 and 8 expression following exposure to 50-300 mu M sulfur mustard. These cells were sensitized to the effects of sulfur mustard that resulted in an increased sulfur mustard induced cell death. Normal human epidermal keartinocytes treated with sulfur mustard exhibited elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha expression and increased activity of nuclear factor kappa B. Gene array data indicated that cells overexpressing interleukin 10 induced several genes that are involved in growth promotion and cell-fate determination. We, therefore, identify IL-10 and TNF-alpha signal transduction pathways and their components as possible candidates for early therapeutic intervention against sulfur mustard induced cell injury. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. CUNY City Coll, Div Biochem, New York, NY 10019 USA. RP Qabar, A (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM aziz.qabar@us.army.mil FU NCI NIH HHS [U56 CA096299]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR3060]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM008168, GM56833] NR 44 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1095-6670 J9 J BIOCHEM MOL TOXIC JI J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 213 EP 225 DI 10.1002/jbt.20089 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 965EI UT WOS:000231932600003 PM 16173061 ER PT J AU Simpson, BB Tate, JA Weeks, A AF Simpson, BB Tate, JA Weeks, A TI The biogeography of Hoffmannseggia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Caesalpinieae): a tale of many travels SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE amphitropical distributions; Andes; Caesalpinieae; Hoffmannseggia; long-distance dispersal; North American warm deserts ID AMPHITROPICAL RELATIONSHIPS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SPECIES DISJUNCTIONS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SOUTH AMERICA; NORTH; SUBSTITUTION; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES AB Aim The flowering plant genus Hoffmannseggia consists of 21 species distributed amphitropically between the arid regions of the south-western United States and adjacent Mexico, and west-central South America. This pattern of geographical disjunction is shared by numerous other angiosperm genera and has been the subject of discussions for more than a century with various authors advocating a northern origin for particular taxa and others advocating a southern origin. This study uses a well-supported phylogeny of a genus with numerous species in each area to address the issues of a northern or southern origin and the facility with which organisms move between the two continents. Location South-western United States and northern Mexico, northern Chile and Argentina, southern Bolivia, and western Peru. Methods Using DNA sequence data from the nuclear and chloroplast genomes, we generated a phylogenetic hypothesis for all species of Hoffmannseggia rooted with Zuccagnia and Balsamocarpon. Geographical data were optimized on the resultant tree to assess the probable continent of origin for the genus, the pattern of disjunctions between North and South America, and species radiations within the genus. Main conclusions Hoffmannseggia arose in South America and initially split into a suffrutescent (somewhat woody) and an herbaceous clade. Within each of these major clades, there have been at least two exchanges between North and South America. There are no data to support an ancestral pan-American range for Hoffmannseggia and we therefore ascribe the amphitropical disjunctions to long-distance dispersal. The phylogeny clearly shows that all dispersals were from South to North America and they occurred at different times and thus the pattern is not the result of a single simultaneous set of dispersals. C1 Univ Texas, Integrat Biol & Plant Resources Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Simpson, BB (reprint author), Univ Texas, Integrat Biol & Plant Resources Ctr, Univ Stn A6700, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM beryl@mail.utexas.edu OI Weeks, Andrea/0000-0002-0000-4541 NR 54 TC 34 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 1 BP 15 EP 27 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01161.x PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 882PX UT WOS:000225951900003 ER PT J AU Beardmore, AA Brooks, DE Wenke, JC Thomas, DB AF Beardmore, AA Brooks, DE Wenke, JC Thomas, DB TI Effectiveness of local antibiotic delivery with an osteoinductive and osteoconductive bone-graft substitute SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL OSTEOMYELITIS; CALCIUM-SULFATE; DRUG-DELIVERY; MODEL; FRACTURES; EFFICACY; IMPLANT; CARRIER; CEMENT; TRIAL AB Background: The morbidity associated with open fractures and open fracture treatment is well established. An osteoinductive and osteoconductive bone-graft substitute that prevents infection would decrease the number of procedures required to treat contaminated fractures by eliminating the need for surgical removal of cement beads and perhaps autograft harvest. We hypothesized that the combination of tobramycin-impregnated calcium sulfate pellets and demineralized bone matrix would prevent the establishment of infection in a contaminated fracture model. Methods: A unicortical 12-mm-diameter defect was created in the proximal tibial metaphysis of twenty-nine Spanish goats. After contaminating the wounds with an infective dose of Staphylococcus aureus, we divided the animals into four groups. The negative control group received no treatment, the positive control group received tobramycin-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate beads, the demineralized bone matrix group received 2.5 mL of demineralized bone matrix, and the experimental group received tobramycin-impregnated calcium sulfate pellets with 2.5 mL of demineralized bone matrix. Radiographs were made and intraosseous tissue cultures were performed on postoperative day 21. Results: The cultures showed no evidence of intramedullary infection in the experimental or the positive control group, but they were positive for Staphylococcus aureus in six of the seven goats in the negative control group and seven of the eight goats in the demineralized bone matrix group. Conclusions: The combination of tobramycin-impregnated calcium sulfate pellets and demineralized bone matrix was effective in preventing intramedullary Staphylococcus aureus infection in a contaminated goat fracture model. Clinical Relevance: The local delivery of antibiotic with growth enhancers can prevent the establishment of intramedullary infection in association with open fractures. Such a combination therapy could potentially eliminate the need for surgical removal of cement beads and reduce the number of autografts harvested, thereby reducing the morbidity of open fracture treatment. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Beardmore, AA (reprint author), Keller Army Community Hosp, Orthopaed Serv, 900 Washington Rd, W Point, NY 10996 USA. EM anthony.beardmore@cen.amedd.army.mil NR 21 TC 64 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 12 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 87A IS 1 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.2106/JBJS.C.01670 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 887OR UT WOS:000226315900015 PM 15634820 ER PT J AU Williamson, EB Winget, DG AF Williamson, Eric B. Winget, David G. TI Risk Management and Design of Critical Bridges for Terrorist Attacks SO JOURNAL OF BRIDGE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Bridge design; Terrorism; Risk management; Explosives; Blast loads; Retrofitting AB In the aftermath of the September 11th tragedies, the vulnerability of the United States' transportation infrastructure to terrorist attack has gained national attention. In light of this vulnerability, various governmental agencies are looking into ways to improve the design of structures to better withstand extreme loadings. Until recently, little attention has been given to bridges which are critical to our economy and transportation network. This paper summarizes the results of ongoing research to investigate economical, unobtrusive, and effective methods to mitigate the risk of terrorist attacks against critical bridges. It outlines a recommended plan to reduce these threats through proven risk management techniques, lists possible cost-effective security measures, discusses blast effects on bridges, and provides structural design and retrofit guidelines. It also discusses ongoing research oriented towards the development of a performance-based design methodology. In using proper risk management techniques, transportation managers and bridge engineers can mitigate the risk of terrorist attacks against critical bridges to an acceptable level, while ensuring efficient use of limited resources. C1 [Williamson, Eric B.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Winget, David G.] US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Williamson, EB (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Engn, 1 Univ Stn C1748, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM ewilliamson@mail.utexas.edu; david-winget@us.army.mil FU TxDOT [0-4569] FX This paper is based on research conducted by the writers and sponsored by TxDOT (Project No. 0-4569). The opinions expressed in this paper reflect those of the writers and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsor. Special thanks is given to the following individuals for providing assistance, advice, and expertise: Mark Bloschock, Project Director, TxDOT; David Hohmann, Project Coordinator, TxDOT; Mary Lou Ralls, State Bridge Engineer, TxDOT; Dr. Norman Dennis, Project Advisor, University of Arkansas-Fayetteville; Dr. Karl Frank, Project Advisor, University of Texas-Austin; Kirk Marchand, Project Advisor, Walter P. Moore and Associates; James Ray, Project Advisor, USACE Eng. Research & Dev. Center; Dr. Oguzhan Bayrak, Asst. Professor, University of Texas-Austin; Dr. John Breen, Professor, University of Texas-Austin; and Dr. Michael Englehardt, Professor, University of Texas-Austin. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0702 J9 J BRIDGE ENG JI J. Bridge Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 10 IS 1 BP 96 EP 106 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2005)10:1(96) PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA V19GJ UT WOS:000208060600012 ER PT J AU Carroll, JF Kramer, M Weldon, PJ Robbins, RG AF Carroll, JF Kramer, M Weldon, PJ Robbins, RG TI Anointing chemicals and ectoparasites: Effects of benzoquinones from millipedes on the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE benzoquinones; ectoparasites; ticks; anointing; repellent; toxicant ID INSECTS; PLANTS; ELICIT; SPP. AB Many mammals and birds roll on or rub themselves with millipedes that discharge benzoquinones. Chemicals transferred from millipedes onto the integument of anointing animals are thought to deter ectoparasites. We tested the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.), for responses to three widespread components of millipede defensive secretions, 1,4-benzoquinone; 2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (toluquinone); and 2-methoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (MMB). In toxicity tests, ticks were confined for 1 hr in filter-paper packets treated with serial dilutions of each of the benzoquinones or the commercial acaricide permethrin. Ticks were least affected by toluquinone, and most affected by permethrin. Of the benzoquinones, only MMB showed repellent activity. Behavioral assays were more sensitive than mortality for measuring the effects of the benzoquinones. Latencies for ticks to right themselves and to climb were greater with all compounds, even at the lowest concentrations, than with controls. Ticks exposed to low concentrations of benzoquinones appeared to recover over time, whereas those exposed to high concentrations exhibited behavioral abnormalities 1-3 mo later. Our results indicate that benzoquinones appropriated via anointing may reduce the tick loads of free-ranging animals, although key questions remain on the amounts of these compounds available to and effectively appropriated by anointing animals. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Sci Resource Ctr, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Carroll, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jcarroll@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 34 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 31 IS 1 BP 63 EP 75 DI 10.1007/s10886-005-0974-4 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 896NH UT WOS:000226940300006 PM 15839480 ER PT J AU Napierkowski, JJ Maydonovitch, CL Belle, LS Brand, WT Holtzmuller, KC AF Napierkowski, JJ Maydonovitch, CL Belle, LS Brand, WT Holtzmuller, KC TI Wireless capsule endoscopy in a community gastroenterology practice SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article DE wireless; capsule; endoscopy; community ID SUSPECTED SMALL-BOWEL; PUSH-ENTEROSCOPY; FOLLOW-UP; CONSECUTIVE PATIENTS; INITIAL-EXPERIENCE; DIAGNOSTIC YIELD; CROHNS-DISEASE; TRANSIT-TIME; MANAGEMENT; CE AB Goals: This study was performed to evaluate the use of wireless capsule endoscopy in a community gastroenterology practice. Background: Experience with wireless capsule endoscopy at referral centers has been reported, but little has been reported about community gastroenterologists' experience. Study: A retrospective review of charts and wireless capsule endoscopies performed at a community hospital was performed. Results: A total of 99 wireless capsule endoscopies were reviewed and complete data were available in 72 cases. Indications included suspected obscure GI bleeding in 97% of cases; 55% of patients were taking anti-platelet or anti-coagulant medications; 71% of examinations were complete. Pathologic findings included angioectasias (36%), gastritis/erosions (21%), bleeding (18%), small bowel ulcers (16%), duodenitis (7%), and small bowel erosions (6%). Strictures, Crohn's disease, and tumors were each seen in 3%. There were no abnormal findings in 37%. One complication, normatural excretion of the capsule, caused a transient bowel obstruction but passed without endoscopic intervention or surgery. Conclusions: In a community-based gastroenterology setting, wireless capsule endoscopy is a safe tool that shows abnormalities in a significant proportion of exams. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Henrico Doctors Hosp, Richmond, VA USA. RP Napierkowski, JJ (reprint author), 78 Mahealani Pl, Kailua, HI 96734 USA. EM John.Napierkowski@us.army.mil NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0192-0790 J9 J CLIN GASTROENTEROL JI J. Clin. Gastroenterol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 881YD UT WOS:000225904500009 PM 15599208 ER PT J AU Mulhall, BP Younossi, Z AF Mulhall, BP Younossi, Z TI Impact of adherence on the outcome of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C; adherence; antiviral therapy ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; ALPHA-2B PLUS RIBAVIRIN; CHRONIC VIRAL-HEPATITIS; INTERFERON-ALPHA; COMBINATION THERAPY; INDUCED DEPRESSION; INITIAL TREATMENT; VIRUS-INFECTION; PEGINTERFERON ALPHA-2A; VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE AB Nearly 4 million people in the United States have evidence of hepatitis C infection (HCV), representing a significant cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer as well a major burden to our healthcare systems and society. Antiviral therapy can successfully eradicate HCV over the long term, potentially reducing the risk of progression and improving patients' quality of life. The currently preferred HCV treatment is a combination of pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin, which can achieve an overall sustained viral eradication rate of 55 %. The duration of this treatment is typically determined by HCV genotype and the patient's early virologic response to the antiviral regimen. Evidence has accumulated over the past few years to indicate that close adherence to the optimal antiviral regimen can enhance sustained virologic response. But optimal treatment outcomes require diligence and careful management of side effects related to combination therapy. Although reducing the dose of pegylated interferon alfa, ribavirin, or both can effectively treat side effects, suboptimal doses of this regimen, especially ribavirin, may negatively affect virologic response. An alternative strategy is to use growth factors to treat cytopenias. This strategy can obviate dose reductions while potentially improving patients' quality of life. Patient support seems especially important early after the initiation of antiviral therapy. Encouraging study findings involving the growth factors, epoetin alfa and darbepoetin alfa, suggest improved anemia and quality of life while maintaining the optimal ribavirin dose. Future work should be aimed at providing stronger evidence for the use of these "supportive products" during anti-HCV therapy. As we strive to develop better treatment options for our HCV patients, the importance of adhering to the treatment regimen continues to play a central role. Effective side effect management is crucial for the success of this treatment because adherence is negatively affected by side effects related to the antiviral regimen. By identifying and addressing the important side effects of combination therapy for HCV, adherence to treatment can be improved and optimal outcomes can be achieved. C1 Inova Fairfax Hosp, Ctr Liver Dis, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Younossi, Z (reprint author), Inova Fairfax Hosp, Ctr Liver Dis, 3300 Gallows Rd, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. EM zobair.younossi@inova.com NR 69 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0192-0790 J9 J CLIN GASTROENTEROL JI J. Clin. Gastroenterol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1 SU 1 BP S23 EP S27 DI 10.1097/01.mcg.0000145538.43865.72 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 884XI UT WOS:000226119600005 PM 15597024 ER PT J AU George, BJ Horvath, LL Hospenthal, DR AF George, BJ Horvath, LL Hospenthal, DR TI Effect of inoculum size on detection of Candida growth by the BACTEC 9240 automated blood culture system using aerobic and anaerobic media SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERMINAL SUBCULTURES; STREAM INFECTIONS; PLUS AEROBIC/F; UNITED-STATES; BOTTLES; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Simulated candidemia was produced with 20 Candida isolates at three inoculum sizes (100, 10, and 1 CFU/ml of blood). Growth detection was better with larger inocula. The time to growth detection was shorter with larger inocula. Inoculum size does effect Candida growth detection and time to detection in BACTEC 9240 automated systems. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Horvath, LL (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Dept Med, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Lynn.Horvath@amedd.army.mil NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 1 BP 433 EP 435 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.1.433-435.2005 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 888NB UT WOS:000226380400063 PM 15635007 ER PT J AU Lettieri, CJ Eliasson, AH Andrada, T Khramtsov, A Kristo, DA AF Lettieri, Christopher J. Eliasson, Arn H. Andrada, Teotimo Khramtsov, Andrei Kristo, David A. TI Does Zolpidem Enhance the Yield of Polysomnography? SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SLEEP MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Zolpidem; polysomnography; sleep study; sleep latency; sleep efficiency; CPAP titration AB Study Objectives: An uncomfortable environment or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) intolerance may cause poor sleep efficiency during polysomnography and result in a poor-quality study. Unsatisfactory polysomnograms often must be repeated. Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics may improve sleep efficiency without disruption of sleep architecture. We hypothesized that premedication with zolpidem improves polysomnogram quality and decreases the need to restudy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 200 consecutive polysomnograms. Zolpidem premedication was not standardized and was prescribed at the discretion of consulting sleep physicians, who were unaware of this study. We compared the quality of polysomnograms between patients who received zolpidem 10 mg prior to polysomnography and those who did not. A poor-quality polysomnogram was defined as having insufficient sleep time to allow for diagnosis, incomplete CPAP titration with a resulting apnea-hypopnea index > 10 on the highest level of CPAP achieved, or complete CPAP intolerance. Results: Of 200 records reviewed, 54 patients (27%) received zolpidem. Demographics did not differ between groups. Premedication with zolpidem resulted in improved sleep latency (11.8 +/- 9.5 minutes vs 26.0 +/- 19.9 minutes, p = .002) and sleep efficiency (89.5% +/- 5.6% vs 78.8 +/- 12.3, p < .0001). Zolpidem premedication resulted in significantly fewer studies meeting criteria for poor quality (7.4% vs 33.6%, p = .005). Of the 49 studies meeting criteria for poor quality, 21 were repeated using zolpidem, showing significant improvements in sleep latency (10.8 +/- 7.1 minutes vs 42.8 +/- 30.5 minutes, p = .0004) and sleep efficiency (89.5% +/- 4.9% vs 61.8% +/- 13.7%, p < .0001). No study repeated with zolpidem met criteria for poor quality. Conclusions: Pretreatment with zolpidem significantly improved polysomno-graphic quality and may decrease the need to repeat polysomnograms. C1 [Lettieri, Christopher J.; Eliasson, Arn H.; Andrada, Teotimo; Khramtsov, Andrei; Kristo, David A.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Lettieri, Christopher J.; Eliasson, Arn H.; Kristo, David A.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Room A3060, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Lettieri, CJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM christopher.lettieri@us.army.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 1550-9389 EI 1550-9397 J9 J CLIN SLEEP MED JI J. Clin. Sleep Med. PY 2005 VL 1 IS 2 BP 129 EP 131 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA V44VA UT WOS:000209775300005 ER PT J AU Dezee, KJ Hatzigeorgiou, C Kristo, D Jackson, JL AF Dezee, Kent J. Hatzigeorgiou, Christos Kristo, David Jackson, Jeffrey L. TI Prevalence of and Screening for Mental Disorders in a Sleep Clinic SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SLEEP MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Mental disorders; sleep disorders; depression; obstructive sleep apnea AB Study Objectives: Patients seen in sleep clinics have been reported to have a high prevalence of mental disorders, but there is no recommended method for screening. We sought to assess the prevalence of mental disorders, using a validated screening instrument, among referrals to a sleep clinic and to determine whether referred patients with mental disorders were less likely to have an underlying diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing. Methods: Consecutive adult new referrals to a sleep clinic at a tertiary care center were invited to participate in this cross-sectional assessment of mental and sleep disorders. All patients were screened for mental disorders with the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders prior to their appointment with the sleep provider. Sleep disorders were diagnosed as per the sleep provider's judgment, usually by polysomnography. Results: From 217 invited participants, 171 completed the survey and could be linked to clinical data. Eighty-one percent underwent polysomnography, and most (83%) had a diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing. Thirty-eight patients (22%) had at least 1 mental disorder, and 17 (10%) had 2. Eleven percent of patients had major depression, 7% minor depression, 3% panic disorder, and 12% anxiety not otherwise specified. Patients with an underlying mental disorder were significantly less likely to have a diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing, compared to those without an underlying mental disorder (66% vs 87%, P = .004). Abbreviations: MMPI, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; MOS SF-6, Multiple Outcomes Study Short Form 6; OSA, Obstructive sleep apnea; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PHQ-15, Patient Health Questionnaire-15; PRIME-MD, Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders; RDI, Respiratory Disturbance Index; SCL-90, Symptom Distress Check List Conclusions: Mental disorders are common in adults referred to sleep clinics. Those with a mental disorder are less likely to have a diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing. A negative sleep study should prompt clinicians to consider possible underlying psychiatric disease. C1 [Dezee, Kent J.; Kristo, David] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Hatzigeorgiou, Christos] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. [Jackson, Jeffrey L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Dezee, KJ (reprint author), Med EDP, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM kent.dezee@us.army.mil NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 1550-9389 EI 1550-9397 J9 J CLIN SLEEP MED JI J. Clin. Sleep Med. PY 2005 VL 1 IS 2 BP 136 EP 142 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA V44VA UT WOS:000209775300007 PM 17561627 ER PT J AU Meoli, AL Rosen, C Kristo, D Kohrman, M Gooneratne, N Aguillard, RN Fayle, R Troell, R Townsend, D Claman, D Hoban, T Mahowald, M AF Meoli, Amy Lynn Rosen, Carol Kristo, David Kohrman, Michael Gooneratne, Nalaka Aguillard, Robert Neal Fayle, Robert Troell, Robert Townsend, Don Claman, David Hoban, Timothy Mahowald, Mark CA Clinical Practice Review Comm Amer Acad Sleep Med TI Oral Nonprescription Treatment for Insomnia: An Evaluation of Products With Limited Evidence SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SLEEP MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE Herbal sedatives; dietary supplements; hypnotics and sedatives; herbal medicine; sleep disorders; insomnia AB Purpose: To evaluate the level of evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of nonprescription therapies used for insomnia. Reviewers: Members of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine's Clinical Practice Review Committee. Methods: A search of the World Wide Web was conducted using the terms insomnia, herbal remedies, and alternative treatments to develop a list of therapies. Therapies in this review include passionflower, valerian, Jamaican dogwood, hops, California poppy, chamomile, lemon balm, St. John's wort, kava kava, wild lettuce, scullcap, Patrinia root, first-generation histamine-1-receptor antagonists, alcohol, calcium, vitamin A, nicotinamide, magnesium, vitamin B12, l-tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, dietary changes, Natrum muriaticum, and Yoku-kan-san-ka-chimpi-hange. A search of the PubMed database was conducted in October 2002 using MeSH terms insomnia and each product listed in this paper, including only articles published in English between 1980 and 2002. Additional relevant articles from reference lists were also reviewed. Given the paucity of pediatric publications, this age group was excluded from this review. Results and Conclusions: Although randomized, placebo-controlled studies were available for a few compounds, rigorous scientific data supporting a beneficial effect were not found for the majority of herbal supplements, dietary changes, and other nutritional supplements popularly used for treating insomnia symptoms. Nevertheless, such treatments are described as alternative remedies for insomnia. Studies are limited by small numbers of participants and, in some instances, inadequate design, lack of statistical analysis, and sparse use of objective measurements. Sparse or no scientific data were found to support the efficacy of most products as hypnotics, including chamomile and St. John's wort. There is preliminary but conflicting evidence suggesting Valerian officinalis L. and first-generation histamine-1-receptor antagonists have efficacy as mild hypnotics over short-term use. There are significant potential risks associated with the use of Jamaican dogwood, kava kava, alcohol, and l-tryptophan. Physicians may find this information useful in counseling their patients. C1 [Meoli, Amy Lynn] St Johns Reg Med Ctr, 2727 McClelland Blvd, Joplin, MO 64804 USA. [Rosen, Carol] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pediat, Rainbow Babies & Childrens Hosp, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Kristo, David] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulmonol Crit Care, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Kohrman, Michael] Univ Chicago, Pediat Neurol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Gooneratne, Nalaka] Univ Penn, Inst Aging, Ralston House, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Aguillard, Robert Neal] Methodist Hosp, Methodist Sleep Disorders Ctr, Memphis, TN USA. [Fayle, Robert] Univ Texas Med Sch, Houston, TX USA. [Troell, Robert] Summerlin Med Towers, Las Vegas, NV USA. [Townsend, Don] Metropolitan Sleep Disorders Ctr, St Paul, MN USA. [Claman, David] UCSF, Mt Zion Hosp, San Francisco, CA USA. [Hoban, Timothy] Univ Michigan, Dept Pediat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mahowald, Mark] Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. RP Meoli, AL (reprint author), St Johns Reg Med Ctr, 2727 McClelland Blvd, Joplin, MO 64804 USA. EM meoli@pol.net FU Sanofi-Synthelabo; Medtronic FX Dr. Rosen was the medical director for a centralized pediatric PSG and actigraphy reading center for a phase I study looking at pediatric labeling for a prescription hypnotic medication; has received research support from Sanofi-Synthelabo. Dr. Townsend has received research support from Medtronic. Dr. Meoli has participated in speaking engagements supported by Sanofi-Synthelabo. Dr. Fayle has received honoraria from Cephalon, Orphan, and Novartis. Drs. Aguillard, Hoban, Gooneratne, Claman, Troell, Kristo, Kohrman, and Mahowald have indicated no financial conflicts of interest. NR 179 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 7 U2 15 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 1550-9389 EI 1550-9397 J9 J CLIN SLEEP MED JI J. Clin. Sleep Med. PY 2005 VL 1 IS 2 BP 173 EP 187 PG 15 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA V44VA UT WOS:000209775300014 PM 17561634 ER PT J AU Lettieri, CJ Eliasson, AH Andrada, T Khramtsov, A Raphaelson, M Kristo, DA AF Lettieri, Christopher J. Eliasson, Arn H. Andrada, Teotimo Khramtsov, Andrei Raphaelson, Marc Kristo, David A. TI Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Are We Missing an At-Risk Population? SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SLEEP MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Obstructive sleep apnea; obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; obesity; epidemiology AB Study Objectives: While age and body-mass index (BMI) are well-established risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), this disorder occurs across a wide spectrum of ages and weights. Preconceptions regarding "classic" patients with OSAS may lead to underdiagnosis in at-risk populations, particularly younger nonoverweight individuals. We hypothesized that the severity of OSAS is independent of age and BMI in a younger less-obese population. Methods: Prospective study of consecutive patients diagnosed with OSAS. Active-duty military, National Guardsmen, and civilians were compared to determine if age and BMI correlated with disease severity. Results: Two hundred seventy subjects (120 active-duty, 80 National Guardsmen, 70 civilians) were included. Active-duty military members were significantly younger and less overweight than both National Guardsmen and civilians. Of the civilians, 64.3% and, of National Guardsmen, 48.8% were obese, whereas only 19.2% of active-duty had a BMI >= 30 kg/m(2) (p <. 001). However, the prevalence of severe disease did not differ between groups. Disease severity showed no correlation with BMI among active-duty subjects (r = 0.09, p =.33). Of the active-duty subjects, 37.5% had severe disease, as compared with 42.5% of National Guard and 45.7% of civilian subjects (p = .18 and.09, respectively). BMI did not differ between active-duty subjects with severe disease and those with mild to moderate OSAS (26.7 kg/m(2) versus 26.9 kg/m(2), p = .40). There was a low but significant correlation between age and AHI (r = 0.21, p = .02) among all subjects. Conclusions: OSAS occurs in young nonobese individuals and should be considered in patients reporting excessive daytime sleepiness, regardless of age or BMI. C1 [Lettieri, Christopher J.; Eliasson, Arn H.; Andrada, Teotimo; Khramtsov, Andrei; Kristo, David A.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Lettieri, Christopher J.; Eliasson, Arn H.; Kristo, David A.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Raphaelson, Marc] Greater Washington Sleep Disorders Ctr, Rockville, MD USA. RP Lettieri, CJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM christopher.lettieri@us.army.mil NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 1550-9389 EI 1550-9397 J9 J CLIN SLEEP MED JI J. Clin. Sleep Med. PY 2005 VL 1 IS 4 BP 381 EP 385 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA V44VC UT WOS:000209775500035 ER PT J AU Bui-Mansfield, LT Moak, M AF Bui-Mansfield, LT Moak, M TI Magnetic resonance appearance of bone marrow edema associated with hydroxyapatite deposition disease without cortical erosion SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE hydroxyapatite deposition disease; magnetic resonance imaging; bone marrow edema; radiography; musculoskeletal ID GLUTEUS MAXIMUS TENDON; CALCIFIC TENDINITIS AB The authors report the magnetic resonance (MR) appearance of bone marrow edema associated with hydroxyapatite deposition disease without cortical erosion. Hydroxyapatite deposition disease may have bone marrow edema on MR imaging without radiographic evidence of cortical erosion, mimicking the appearance of fracture, neoplasm, or infection. Awareness of this association can prevent unnecessary additional imaging evaluation or biopsy. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Div Radiol Sci, Dept Radiol, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Bui-Mansfield, LT (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM liem_mansfield@hotmail.com NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-8715 J9 J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO JI J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 29 IS 1 BP 103 EP 107 DI 10.1097/01.0000145861.13963.66 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 892EQ UT WOS:000226633200020 PM 15665693 ER PT J AU Walsh, DS Borke, JL Singh, BB Do, NN Hsu, SD Balagon, MV Abalos, RM AF Walsh, DS Borke, JL Singh, BB Do, NN Hsu, SD Balagon, MV Abalos, RM TI Psoriasis is characterized by altered epidermal expression of caspase 14, a novel regulator of keratinocyte terminal differentiation and barrier formation SO JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Dermatol Serv, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Gordon, GA USA. Med Coll Georgia, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Biol & Maxillofacial Pathol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Leonard Wood Mem Ctr Leprosy Res, Cebu, Philippines. RP Walsh, DS (reprint author), Dermatol Serv, 300 E Hosp Rd, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. EM douglas.walsh@se.amedd.army.mil FU NCI NIH HHS [R21 CA097258-01A1] NR 10 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0923-1811 J9 J DERMATOL SCI JI J. Dermatol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 61 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2004.10.003 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 892FR UT WOS:000226636000010 PM 15619438 ER PT J AU Sharp, MK Matheu, EE AF Sharp, MK Matheu, EE TI USACE experience with seismic remediation of earth and concrete dams SO JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE remediation; seismic response; numerical validation; design verification AB The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has a long history related to research and evaluation of dams subjected to seismic loading. The USACE has responsibility for the safe performance of over two hundred dams in high seismic hazard areas of the US. In 1997, the USACE instituted the Dam Safety Assurance Program to provide for the modification of completed USACE dams and related facilities, when deemed necessary for safety purposes due to new hydrologic or seismic data or changes in the state-of-the-art design or construction criteria. Through this program, USACE dams are periodically evaluated for seismic hazard potential and those that are found deficient are retrofitted through appropriately designed remediation methodologies. Since the late 1980's two major dams (Sardis Dam and Mormon Island Dam) have been remediated for seismic deficiencies and two dams (Success Dam and Tuttle Creek Dam) are Currently in the process of remediation design. Discussions are given on the analysis of these dams and selected remediation alternatives. This paper also highlights recent and ongoing research that the USACE is performing to improve the analysis of dams and the subsequent design of remediation measures for those found deficient. Finally, this paper briefly presents the policy that governs seismic stability evaluation of dams from the USACE perspective and issues of concern. C1 Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Geotech & Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Sharp, MK (reprint author), Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Geotech & Struct Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS PI LONDON PA 57 SHELTON ST, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON WC2H 9HE, ENGLAND SN 1363-2469 J9 J EARTHQ ENG JI J. EARTHQU. ENG. PY 2005 VL 9 SI 1 BP 213 EP 227 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 970CX UT WOS:000232283900012 ER PT J AU Matlock, DM Zvanut, ME Wang, HY Dimaio, JR Davis, RF Van Nostrand, JE Henry, RL Koleske, D Wickenden, A AF Matlock, DM Zvanut, ME Wang, HY Dimaio, JR Davis, RF Van Nostrand, JE Henry, RL Koleske, D Wickenden, A TI The effects of oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen annealing on Mg acceptors in GaN as monitored by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR); Mg doped; GaN; annealing; hydrogen; oxygen ID P-TYPE GAN; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GALLIUM NITRIDE; DOPED GAN; ACTIVATION; COMPENSATION; STABILITY AB Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is used to study the unpassivated Mg-related acceptor in GaN films. As expected, the trends observed before and after O-2, N-2, or forming-gas anneals at temperatures <800degreesC are similar to those typically reported for electrical measurements. However, annealing at temperatures >850degreesC in O-2 or N-2 permanently removes the signal, contrary to the results of conductivity measurements. Approximately 10(19) cm(-3) Mg acceptors were detected in some GaN films grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) before acceptor activation, suggesting that it is possible to have electrically active Mg in as-grown CVD material. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Matlock, DM (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM mezvanut@uab.edu RI Davis, Robert/A-9376-2011 OI Davis, Robert/0000-0002-4437-0885 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 34 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s11664-005-0177-3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 892EX UT WOS:000226633900006 ER PT J AU Lea, CS Apicella, MJ Mines, P Yancich, PP Parker, MH AF Lea, CS Apicella, MJ Mines, P Yancich, PP Parker, MH TI Comparison of the obturation density of cold lateral compaction versus warm vertical compaction using the continuous wave of condensation technique SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID GUTTA-PERCHA OBTURATION; ROOT FRACTURE; TEMPERATURES; SYSTEM AB The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare quantitatively the density of standard cold lateral gutta-percha compaction and warm vertical compaction by using the continuous wave of condensation technique. Forty transparent acrylic blocks with 30-degree, curved root canals were instrumented using Gates Glidden burs and Profile 0.06 taper rotary nickel-titanium files in a crown-down manner. The blocks were weighed and randomly assigned to two evenly distributed groups. Group A was obturated with the cold lateral-compaction technique using medium-fine, gutta-percha accessory points until the canal was completely filled. Group B was obturated with the continuous wave of condensation technique until the canal was completely filled. The blocks were weighed again after obturation. Data were analyzed using a two-sample t test at the 5% significance level. Results demonstrated that the continuous wave of condensation technique resulted in a significantly greater density compared with cold lateral compaction. Warm vertical compaction using the continuous wave of condensation technique in acrylic blocks resulted in a greater guttapercha fill by weight compared with standard cold lateral compaction. C1 USA, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Bragg, NC USA. Med Coll Georgia, Sch Dent, Dept Rehabil, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Augusta, GA USA. RP Lea, CS (reprint author), 8418 Umstead Rd, Fayetteville, NC 28304 USA. EM Chris.Lea@na.amedd.army.mil NR 23 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 31 IS 1 BP 37 EP 39 DI 10.1097/01.DON.0000129037.75547.80 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 888RK UT WOS:000226391700007 PM 15614003 ER PT J AU Robert, GH Liewehr, FR Buxton, TB McPherson, JC AF Robert, GH Liewehr, FR Buxton, TB McPherson, JC TI Apical diffusion of calcium hydroxide in an in vitro model SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID REPLANTED DOG TEETH; ENDODONTIC TREATMENT; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; ROOT RESORPTION; DENTIN; PASTES; ACCURACY; VEHICLES; SURFACE; PH AB An in vitro agar model was developed to study the effect of intracanal medicaments on periapical tissues and was used to study the diffusion of three calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)(2)) medicaments of varying viscosity through simulated root canals with various sizes of apical foramina. Experimental medicaments were added to pipette tips used to represent tooth roots, which were fixed in syringes containing brain heart infusion agar and calcium-reactive dye. OH- and Ca++ concentrations were measured in the agar at 30 minutes and 24 hours. Ca++ concentration and pH increased with larger aperture sizes, and higher pH and Ca++ diffusion was produced by a 10% Ca(OH)(2) solution than was produced by Pulpdent or a Ca(OH)(2) paste. The results suggest that the properties of the Ca(OH)(2)-containing vehicle could affect the action of the medicament in the periapical tissues. C1 USA, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. USA, Dwight D Eisenhower Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Liewehr, FR (reprint author), USA, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. EM frliewehr@vcu.edu NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 31 IS 1 BP 57 EP 60 DI 10.1097/01.DON.0000134211.85578.38 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 888RK UT WOS:000226391700013 PM 15614009 ER PT J AU Ramaswamy, AL Kaste, P AF Ramaswamy, AL Kaste, P TI A 'nanovision'' of the physiochemical phenomena occurring in nanoparticles of aluminum SO JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE pyrotechnics; propellant; rocket AB High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of nano-particles of aluminum has resolved the oxide surface and aluminum lattice down to atomic level. The oxide was found to be about 2.5 nm in thickness with a part amorphous and part crystalline nature. It appears highly porous, allowing the permeation of water molecules from humidity, linkable with the aging characteristics. The aluminum crystal lattice revealed a slight compressive stress. A model of the oxidation was developed to characterize the process. Finally the presence of impurities detected in the nanoaluminum is revealed as a trigger to low-temperature (below the melting point) autocatalytic reactions. C1 Univ Maryland, ECE Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Ramaswamy, AL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ECE Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM alr33@cam.ac.uk NR 14 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0652 J9 J ENERG MATER JI J. Energ. Mater. PD JAN-MAR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 25 DI 10.1080/07370650590920250 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 961QV UT WOS:000231677800001 ER PT J AU Hwang, S Batchelor, CJ Davis, JL MacMillan, DK AF Hwang, S Batchelor, CJ Davis, JL MacMillan, DK TI Sorption of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene to natural soils before and after hydrogen peroxide application SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE hydrogen peroxide; isotherms; sorption; 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene ID ACTIVATED CARBON; ADSORPTION; OXIDATION AB Laboratory batch sorption experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) pre-application on post-sorptive behavior of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in different natural soils (average soil, high Fe soil, and high pH soil). After H2O2 application, the values of Freundlich coefficient K-f were increased by similar to160% for the average and high pH soils and by similar to120% for the high Fe soil, showing that the soils became more favorable for TNT sorption after H2O2 application. Nonlinearity in terms of the Freundlich exponent n was increased by similar to40% for the average and high pH soils and by similar to30% for the high Fe soil, showing greater sorption affinity of TNT for the oxidized soils at lower TNT concentrations and also implying greater TNT availability for transport at high concentrations. The increase in sorption extent for the H2O2-oxidized soils was presumably attributed to the oxygen-induced enhancement in the sorption capacity of the soils and the more dominant contribution of clay minerals to sorption. Therefore, enhanced sorption following H2O2 application may inhibit the subsequent formation of a TNT plume after either source zone remediation or plume remediation using H2O2 such as Fenton oxidation. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Civil Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Environm Chem Branch, Omaha, NE USA. RP Hwang, S (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Civil Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. EM hwangsangchul@hotmail.com NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 BP 581 EP 592 DI 10.1081/ESE-200046604 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 900ZF UT WOS:000227252100008 PM 15756969 ER PT J AU Braga, LC Shupp, JW Cummings, C Jett, M Takahashi, JA Carmo, LS Chartone-Souza, E Nascimento, AMA AF Braga, LC Shupp, JW Cummings, C Jett, M Takahashi, JA Carmo, LS Chartone-Souza, E Nascimento, AMA TI Pomegranate extract inhibits Staphylococcus aureus growth and subsequent enterotoxin production SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Punica granatum; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcal enterotoxin A ID PUNICA-GRANATUM; FOOD; RESISTANCE; STRAINS; PLANTS; FRUIT AB In Brazil, pomegranate (Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae)) is widely used as a phytotherapeutic agent. This study evaluates the effect of pomegranate extract on Staphylococcus aureus FRI 722 growth and subsequent enterotoxin production. Bacterial susceptibility was determined by tube dilution method and production of enterotoxin was assessed using membrane-over-agar (MOA) plates. At a low extract concentration (0.01% v/v) bacterial growth was delayed, while a higher concentration (1% v/v) eliminated bacterial growth. Most interestingly, a 0.05% (v/v) concentration of extract was found to inhibit Staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) A production. These data further implicate pomegranate extracts as potential antibacterial therapeutics with the added ability to inhibit enterotoxin production. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Biol Geral, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Pathol, Dept Mol Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Exatas, Dept Quim, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RP Nascimento, AMA (reprint author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Biol Geral, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. EM amaral@ufmg.br RI Takahashi, Jacqueline/E-2004-2014 OI Takahashi, Jacqueline/0000-0002-8831-1609 NR 24 TC 83 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 96 IS 1-2 BP 335 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.jep.2004.08.034 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 881LS UT WOS:000225869600042 PM 15588686 ER PT J AU Song, M Cole, DM Baker, I AF Song, M Cole, DM Baker, I TI Creep of granular ice with and without dispersed particles SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HARPER-DORN CREEP; DISLOCATION-BASED ANALYSIS; POLYCRYSTALLINE ICE; SALINE ICE; RHEOLOGY; CRYSTALS; STRAINS AB The effects of silt-sized particles (average diameter of 50 gm) on the compressive creep of polycrystalline ice have been studied at stress levels from 0.1 to 1.45 MPa and temperatures of -12 degrees C and -10 degrees C. Dislocation densities during creep have been estimated using a dislocation-based model of anelasticity. The results indicate that at low concentrations (up to 4 wt.%), particles increase the minimum creep rate. Power-law behavior with an exponent of 3 was observed for both particle-free ice and ice with 1 wt.% particles when the stress was > 03 MPa. In contrast, linear behavior was observed when the stress was < 03 MPa. Calculations show that the linear behavior is associated with a constant dislocation density, and the power-law behavior is associated with increasing dislocation densities with increasing stress. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Song, M (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM ming.song@dartmouth.edu RI Song, Min/C-3730-2013 OI Song, Min/0000-0002-3197-4647 NR 41 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2005 VL 51 IS 173 BP 210 EP 218 DI 10.3189/172756505781829377 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 994HD UT WOS:000234020900003 ER PT J AU Diprinzio, CL Wilen, LA Alley, RB Fitzpatrick, JJ Spencer, MK Gow, AJ AF Diprinzio, CL Wilen, LA Alley, RB Fitzpatrick, JJ Spencer, MK Gow, AJ TI Fabric and texture at Siple Dome, Antarctica SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE; POLAR ICE SHEETS; POLYCRYSTALLINE ICE; FLOW-LAW; DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION; GRAIN-GROWTH; CORE; GREENLAND; CREEP; DEFORMATION AB Preferred c-axis orientations are present in the firn at Siple Dome, West Antarctica, and recrystallization begins as shallow as 200 m depth in ice below -20 degrees C, based on digital analysis of c-axis fabrics, grain-sizes and other characteristics of 52 vertical thin sections prepared in the field from the kilometer-long Siple Dome ice core. The shallowest section analyzed, from 22 m, shows clustering of c axes toward the vertical. By 200 m depth, girdle fabric and other features of recrystallized ice are evident in layers (or regions), separated by layers (regions) of typically finer-grained ice lacking evidence of recrystallization. Ice from about 700-780 m depth, which was deposited during the last ice age, is especially fine-grained, with strongly vertical c axes, but deeper ice shows much larger crystals and strong evidence of recrystallization. Azimuthal asymmetry of some c-axis fabrics, trends in grain-size, and other indicators reveal additional information on processes and history of ice flow at Siple Dome. C1 Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Penn State Univ, EMS Environm Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Geol Survey, Off Reg Geol, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 167 Clippinger Lab, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM wilen@helios.phy.ohiou.edu NR 53 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2005 VL 51 IS 173 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.3189/172756505781829359 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 994HD UT WOS:000234020900010 ER PT J AU Song, M Baker, I Cole, DM AF Song, Min Baker, Ian Cole, David M. TI The effect of particles on dynamic recrystallization and fabric development of granular ice during creep SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL SIZE; POLYCRYSTALLINE ICE; STRAIN RATES; SALINE ICE; SHEET; COMPRESSION; BEHAVIOR AB The mechanical behavior and microstructural evolution of laboratory-prepared, particle-free fresh-water ice and ice with 1 wt.% (similar to 0.43 vol.%) silt-sized particles were investigated under creep with a stress level of 1.45 MPa at -10 degrees C. The particles were present both within the grains and along the grain boundaries. The creep rates of specimens with particles were always higher than those of particle-free ice. Dynamic recrystallization occurred for both sets of specimens, with new grains nucleating along grain boundaries in the early stages of creep. The ice with particles showed a higher nucleation rate. This resulted in a smaller average grain-size for the ice with particles after a given creep strain. Fabric studies indicated that ice with particles showed a more random orientation of c axes after creep to similar to 10% strain than the particle-free ice. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Song, M (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM ian.baker@dartmouth.edu RI Song, Min/C-3730-2013 OI Song, Min/0000-0002-3197-4647 NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2005 VL 51 IS 174 BP 377 EP 382 DI 10.3189/172756505781829287 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 085MR UT WOS:000240608700005 ER PT J AU Arcone, SA Spikes, VB Hamilton, GS AF Arcone, Steven A. Spikes, Vandy B. Hamilton, Gordon S. TI Stratigraphic variation within polar firn caused by differential accumulation and ice flow: interpretation of a 400 MHz short-pulse radar profile from West Antarctica SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PENETRATING RADAR; RATE VARIABILITY; SOUTH-POLE; REFLECTIONS; DEPOSITION AB We investigate causes of the stratigraphic variation revealed in a 177 km, 400 MHz short-pulse radar profile of firn from West Antarctica. The profile covers 56 m depth, and its direction was close to those of the ice flow and mean wind. The average, near-surface accumulation rates calculated from the time delays of one radar horizon consistently show minima on leeward slopes and maxima on windward slopes, confirming an earlier study based on stake observations. The stratigraphic variation includes up to 30 m depth variation in individual horizons over tens of km, fold limbs that become progressively steeper with depth, and fold-hinge loci that change direction or propagate down-ice with depth over distances far less than predicted by the ice speeds. We use an accumulation rate model to show how local rate anomalies and the effect of ice speed upon a periodic variation in accumulation rate cause these phenomena, and we reproduce two key features seen in the stratigraphic variations. We conclude that the model provides an explanation of changes in spatial stratigraphy and local measures of accumulation history given the constraints of surface topography, ice and wind velocities, and a general accumulation rate for an area. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Earth Sci Agcy LLC, Stateline, NV 89449 USA. Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Bryand Global Sci Ctr 303, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Arcone, SA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM steven.a.arcone@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 33 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2005 VL 51 IS 174 BP 407 EP 422 DI 10.3189/172756505781829151 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 085MR UT WOS:000240608700009 ER PT J AU Johnson, JB Hopkin, MA AF Johnson, Jerome B. Hopkin, Mark A. TI Identifying microstructural deformation mechanisms in snow using discrete-element modeling SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIRN-DENSIFICATION; TRIAXIAL TESTS; ICE; SURFACE; DIFFUSION; PARTICLES; STRENGTH; STRAIN; COVER; DRY AB A dynamic model of dry snow deformation is developed using a discrete-element technique to identify microstructural deformation mechanisms and simulate creep densification processes. The model employs grain-scale force models, explicit geometric representations of individual ice grains, and snow microstructure using assemblies of grains. Ice grains are randomly oriented cylinders of random length with hemispherical ends. Particle contacts are detected using a novel and efficient method based on the dilation operation in mathematical morphology. Grain-scale ice interaction algorithms, based on observed snow and ice microscale behavior, are developed and implemented in the model. These processes include grain contact sintering, grain boundary sliding and rotation at contacts, and grain contact deformation in tension, compression, shear, torsion and bending. Grain-scale contact force algorithms are temperature- and rate-dependent, with both elastic and viscous components. Grain bonds rupture when elastic stresses exceed ice tensile or shear strengths, after which intergranular friction and particle rearrangement control deformation until the snow compacts to its critical density. Simulations of creep settlement using 1000-grain model snow samples indicate the bulk viscosity of snow is controlled by the grain contact viscosity and area, grain packing and the increased number of frozen bonds that form during settlement. A linear relationship between contact viscosity and bulk snow viscosity at any specified density indicates that the linear model parameters can be accurately scaled, allowing simulations to be conducted for a broad range of dynamic and viscous creep deformation problems. C1 USA, Engineer Res Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. USA, Engineer Res Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Johnson, JB (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, POB 3175, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. EM Jerome.B.Johnson@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 61 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2005 VL 51 IS 174 BP 432 EP 442 DI 10.3189/172756505781829188 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 085MR UT WOS:000240608700011 ER PT J AU Sullenberger, AL Avedissian, LS Kent, SM AF Sullenberger, AL Avedissian, LS Kent, SM TI Importance of transesophageal echocardiography in the evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia SO JOURNAL OF HEART VALVE DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Biennial Meeting of Society-for-Heart-Valve-Diseases CY JUN 17-20, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Soc Heart Valve Dis ID INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS; EXPERIENCE; DIAGNOSIS; CRITERIA; THERAPY; RISK AB Background and aim of the study: Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of bacteremia and is often associated with endocarditis. The diagnosis of endocarditis may be missed when relying on clinical risk prediction, and this has led others to recommend transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for diagnosis in most cases of S. aureus bacteremia (SAB). The study aim was to determine the likelihood of finding vegetations on TEE in patients with SAB in a suburban teaching hospital setting, and to identify risk factors predictive of vegetation on TEE. Methods: All cases of SAB at Walter Reed Army Medical Center between January 2000 and May 2003 were evaluated. The prevalence of vegetations was determined in those cases selected for TEE. Potential risk factors for endocarditis were analyzed by review of medical records. Results: A total of 176 patients had documented SAB during the time frame of the study, and 64 of these had TEE performed. Among the latter patients, 14% had a previously unidentified vegetation discovered by TEE. Patients with vegetation on TEE were as likely as those without vegetation to have nosocomial bacteremia, an alternate source of infection, and lack of valvular disease by prior surface echocardiography. Patients with a vegetation were significantly older (mean age 68.4 +/- 10.9 versus 54.6 +/- 19.6 years; p = 0.04). Conclusion: TEE identified a significant number of vegetations resulting from SAB. The clinical risk profile and transthoracic echocardiography did not reliably exclude vegetation. These findings support the liberal use of TEE for the diagnosis of SAB. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Kent, SM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, 6900 Georgia Ave NW,Bldg 2,Room 4A, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM steven.kent@na.amedd.army.mil NR 19 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU I C R PUBLISHERS PI NORTHWOOD PA CRISPIN HOUSE, 12/A SOUTH APPROACH, MOOR PARK, NORTHWOOD HA6 2ET, ENGLAND SN 0966-8519 J9 J HEART VALVE DIS JI J. Heart Valve Dis. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 919QO UT WOS:000228632900006 PM 15700431 ER PT J AU Wilhelms, SC Gulliver, JS AF Wilhelms, SC Gulliver, JS TI Bubbles and waves description of self-aerated spillway flow SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aerated flow; spillway; entrained air; aeration; void ratio; gas hold-up ID REGION AB The "continuum" description of self-aerated spillway flow has adequately served to describe spillway bulking, but encounters difficulties when applied to other physical phenomena, such as cavitation and gas transfer. The continuum description is adapted to separate air being transported by the flow as bubbles ("entrained" air), and air transported with the flow in the roughness or waves of the water surface ("entrapped" air). Results from flume experiments on aerated flow are used to develop an analysis procedure and mathematical description of entrained and entrapped air for flow along a spillway face. Entrapped air is found to be constant at a void ratio, with a vertical distribution analogous to the "intermittent" region of a turbulent boundary layer. Entrained air gradually increases to a maximum value depending on slope. Cain's dimensionless distance is used to collapse entrained air data from several unit discharges with the same slope to a single relationship. The analysis procedure and dimensionless parameter provide a means of analyzing a large store of additional literature data. Observations from a full-scale spillway provide verification of the procedure. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Minnesota, St Anthony Falls Lab, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. RP Wilhelms, SC (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 23 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT ASSN HYDRAULIC RESEARCH PI MADRID PA PASEO BAJO VIRGEN DEL PUERTO, 3, 28005 MADRID, SPAIN SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 2005 VL 43 IS 5 BP 522 EP 531 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 005FR UT WOS:000234808500008 ER PT J AU Wilhelms, SC Gulliver, JS AF Wilhelms, SC Gulliver, JS TI Gas transfer, cavitation, and bulking in self-aerated spillway flow SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aerated flow; spillway; entrained air; self-aerated flow; bulking; cavitation; gas transfer ID ENTRAINMENT; MECHANISM AB Air entrainment in free-surface spillway flows has been described in a companion paper with two concepts: "entrained air," which is air being transported by the flow as bubbles; and "entrapped air," which is the air transported with the flow in the roughness or waves of the water surface. This paper shows the application of this "bubbles and waves" description of entrained and entrapped air for flow at any location along a spillway face to: (a) estimate the bulking of flow due to insufflation of air, (b) estimate the location where aeration is sufficient to eliminate cavitation damage, and (c) compute the oxygen absorption in self-aerated flow. The bubbles and waves description of self-aerated flow is essential to the accurate computation of gas transfer on a spillway surface, and can provide the appropriate bulking and cavitation computations for spillway design and management. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Wilhelms, SC (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSN HYDRAULIC RESEARCH PI MADRID PA PASEO BAJO VIRGEN DEL PUERTO, 3, 28005 MADRID, SPAIN SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 2005 VL 43 IS 5 BP 532 EP 539 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 005FR UT WOS:000234808500009 ER PT J AU Carroll, R Pohll, G Tracy, J Winter, T Smith, R AF Carroll, R Pohll, G Tracy, J Winter, T Smith, R TI Simulation of a semipermanent wetland basin in the Cottonwood Lake area, east-central North Dakota SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PRAIRIE-POTHOLE WETLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-BALANCE; HYDROLOGY; DYNAMICS; MODEL AB A coupled surface/subsurface hydrologic model was developed to examine the effects of climatic conditions on stage fluctuations within a semipermanent wetland located in the Prairie Pothole region of east-central North Dakota. Model calibration was accomplished using data collected from 1981 until 1996 to encompass extreme climatic conditions. Simulation results suggest that wetland inflows are dominated by runoff (36%), direct precipitation to the lake (45%) and groundwater inflows (19%), while outflow from the wetland is primarily evaporation (84%) and groundwater discharge to the underlying aquifer (16%). Modeled surface runoff produces short duration, high magnitude flows typically associated with spring thaw while modeled groundwater provides flows smaller in magnitude but Ion-er in duration that may be increasingly important to wetland stage during extended periods of drought and flood. Despite an oversimplification of the complex groundwater component of the wetland system it was found that this modeling approach was able to predict system response over 16 years under extreme climatic conditions. C1 Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Desert Res Inst, Ctr Watershed & Envrionm Sustainabil, Div Hydrol Sci, WES, Reno, NV 89512 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Carroll, R (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM rcarroll@dri.edu; pohll@dri.edu; tracy@dri.edu; tcwinter@usgs.gov; smithrl@mail.wes.army.mil NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 10 IS 1 BP 70 EP 84 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2005)10:1(70) PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 880QW UT WOS:000225805300008 ER PT J AU Kragh, JF Svoboda, SJ Wenke, JC Ward, JA Walters, TJ AF Kragh, JF Svoboda, SJ Wenke, JC Ward, JA Walters, TJ TI Passive biomechanical properties of sutured mammalian muscle lacerations SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article DE biomechanical testing; epimysium; laceration; load; muscle anatomy; muscle injuries; orthopedics; repair; stitch; surgery; suture; trauma ID TRAUMATIC CLOSED TRANSECTION; BICEPS-BRACHII; REPAIR AB Muscle trauma, such as laceration or transection, is a common occurrence, but repairing delicate tissue poses a clinical challenge. This is at least partially due to the lack of established muscle repair models. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of stitches in transected porcine and bovine muscle bellies. A biomechanical protocol was designed for measuring suture performance in muscle belly lacerations. Twenty simple stitches in porcine and 21 stitches in bovine specimens were tested. Individual stitches were placed in lacerated muscle bellies and tensioned on a biomechanical tester (model 8521S, Instron Corporation, Canton, MA). The mean maximum load for porcine (22.0 N) and bovine (23.9 N) stitches was not significantly different (p = .48). The difference in mean strains at maximum load between porcine (9.7%) and bovine (8.0%) groups was statistically significant (p = .004). Failure mechanisms were similar. One porcine stitch avulsed the muscle transversely, while 19 stitches tore out longitudinally. All 20 stitches tore out in bovine specimens. Sutured muscle was the weakest element in each test. The present study demonstrated that sutured muscles performed similarly for the two mammals regarding the parameters of maximum load and mechanism of failure. Regarding suturing of skeletal muscle lacerations, both mammalian models had similar biomechanical performance for maximum loads and failure mechanisms, while strain data differed. The stitch load magnitudes in this study approximate those required to successfully repair transected muscle. Knowledge introduced by this study fills a gap concerning muscle stitching relevant to clinical care. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Extrem Trauma Study Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Kragh, JF (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Extrem Trauma Study Branch, 3600 Rawley E Chambers Ave,Room 292-1 Bldg 3611, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM john.kragh@amedd.army.mil NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1939 J9 J INVEST SURG JI J. Invest. Surg. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 18 IS 1 BP 19 EP 23 DI 10.1080/08941930590905170 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 901UC UT WOS:000227306400005 PM 15804948 ER PT J AU Bodo, M Szebeni, J Baranyi, L Savay, S Pearce, FJ Alving, CR Bunger, R AF Bodo, M Szebeni, J Baranyi, L Savay, S Pearce, FJ Alving, CR Bunger, R TI Cerebrovascular involvement in liposome - Induced cardiopulmonary distress in pigs SO JOURNAL OF LIPOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE liposome; complement activation; cerebrovascular reactivity; rheoencephalogram ID CEREBRAL-BLOOD-FLOW; PRESSURE AUTOREGULATION; COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION; GROWTH-FACTOR; DOXORUBICIN; BRAIN; RHEOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; HYPERSENSITIVITY; HYPERTENSION; HYPOTENSION AB Intravenous administration of liposomes, including Doxil, can cause severe life-threatening hemodynamic changes in pigs. The reaction is due to complement activation, and it is characterized by massive pulmonary hypertension, systemic hypotension, and severe cardiac abnormalities including falling cardiac output, tachy-or bradycardia with arrhythmia. There were no data suggesting the involvement of cerebrovascular changes in this reaction; however, clinical observations allowed this hypothesis. Here we measured the accompanying changes during liposome infusion by monitoring pulsatile electrical impedance (rheoencephalogram- REG) on the skull (n = 24 pigs, 57 trials, 19 types of liposomes). A transient but significant decrease of REG pulse amplitudes followed the injection of liposomes (78.43% in the total sample, and 91.66% in the Doxil subgroup; P = 0.003, n = 12), indicating the involvement of cerebrovascular reaction during liposome infusion. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resuscitat Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Bodo, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resuscitat Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM michael.bodo@us.army.mil NR 52 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0898-2104 J9 J LIPOSOME RES JI J. Liposome Res. PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1081/LPR-200064523 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 946QC UT WOS:000230586200002 PM 16194924 ER PT J AU Okunji, CO Iwu, MM Ito, Y AF Okunji, CO Iwu, MM Ito, Y TI Preparative separation of indole alkaloids from the rind of Picralima nitida (Stapf) T. Durand & H. Durand by pH-Zone-refining countercurrent chromatography SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE preparative separation; pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography; indole alkaloids; Picralima nitida; anti-malarial activity; alstonine ID IN-VITRO; SEEDS AB Picralima nitida alkaloids have been shown to possess in vitro antimalarial activity comparable to the clinical antimalarial chloroquine and quinine. The in vitro IC50 values for these alkaloids ranged from 0.01 to 0.9 mug/mL against chloroquine-sensitive (136) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. As part of our continuing research aimed at identifying new antimalarial leads from African rain forest plants, we have been highly successful in employing pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography (CCC) to separate and isolate the Picralima alkaloids. The separation was performed in two steps with a two-phase solvent system composed of tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE)/acetonitrile/water (2: 2: 3, v/v), in which the lower phase was used as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 2.0 mL min(-1) in the head-to-tail elution mode pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography. The resulting fractions contained the alkaloids alstonine, akuammigine, akuammine, picraline, akuammine, akuammicine, picratidine were identified using thermospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and by TLC co-elution experiments with authentic samples. The application of pH-zone-refining CCC to perform successful separations at the multigram level will be discussed. The Picralima alkaloids may represent an entirely new antimalarial chemotype with possible pharmacokinetics advantages over the existing drugs. C1 NHLBI, Ctr Biochem & Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Bioresources Dev & Conservat Programme, Silver Spring, MD USA. Int Ctr Ethnomed & Drug Dev, Nsukka, Nigeria. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Med Chem, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC USA. RP Ito, Y (reprint author), NHLBI, Ctr Biochem & Biophys, NIH, Bldg 50,Rm 3334, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM itoy@nhlbi-nih.gov NR 22 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 20 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1082-6076 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. PY 2005 VL 28 IS 5 BP 775 EP 783 DI 10.1081/JLC-200048915 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 904CH UT WOS:000227473200012 ER PT J AU Bruno, FF Nagarajan, S Nagarajan, R Kumar, J Samuelson, LA AF Bruno, FF Nagarajan, S Nagarajan, R Kumar, J Samuelson, LA TI Biocatalytic synthesis of water-soluble oligo(catechins) SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE enzymatic polymerization; oligo (catechins); cancer therapy; template-assisted polymerization; surfactants ID GREEN TEA; INHIBITION AB Catechins are polyphenolic compounds found in green tea. These flavonoids possess anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The primary goal of this work is to synthesize water-soluble oligomers of catechins. Although, oxidative polymerization of catechins catalyzed by enzymes such as Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) have been reported, the polymeric products have limited solubility. This restricts their compatibility with biological systems and their effectiveness as antioxidants or anti-carcinogenic agents. Here we report a unique enzymatic approach for the synthesis of water-soluble oligo( catechins). Polyelectrolytes such as Sulfonated Polystyrene (SPS) and surfactants such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate (SDS) have been used as templates for the HRP catalyzed polymerization of (+)-, (-)-catechins and ( 2)- epicatechin. Oligocatechins synthesized exhibit enhanced anti-tumorigenic activity to human colon cancer cells as compared with the monomeric catechins. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, RDECOM Natick Soldier Ctr, Sci & Technol Directorate, Nano Mat Team, Natick, MA USA. RP Kumar, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, 265 Riverside St, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM jayant_kumar@uml.edu NR 11 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2005 VL A42 IS 11 BP 1547 EP 1554 DI 10.1080/10601320500229160 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 990BD UT WOS:000233717300012 ER PT J AU Turell, MJ Dohm, DJ Sardelis, MR O Guinn, ML Andreadis, TG Blow, JA AF Turell, MJ Dohm, DJ Sardelis, MR O Guinn, ML Andreadis, TG Blow, JA TI An update on the potential of North American mosquitoes (Diptera : Culicidae) to transmit West Nile virus SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; transmission; mosquitoes; vector competence ID VECTOR COMPETENCE; CULEX-PIPIENS; NEW-YORK; ENVIRONMENTAL-TEMPERATURE; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; FEEDING PATTERNS; INFECTION; DISSEMINATION; SURVEILLANCE; ENCEPHALITIS AB Since first discovered in the New York City area in 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) has become established over much of the continental United States and has been responsible for >10,000 cases of severe disease and 400 human fatalities, as well as thousands of fatal infections in horses. To develop appropriate surveillance and control strategies, the identification of which mosquito species are competent vectors and how various factors influence their ability to transmit this virus must be determined. Therefore, we evaluated numerous mosquito species for their ability to transmit MNV under laboratory conditions. This report contains data for several mosquito species not reported previously, as well as a summary of transmission data compiled from previously reported studies. Mosquitoes were allowed to feed on chickens infected with WNV isolated from a crow that died during the 1999 outbreak in New York City. These mosquitoes were tested approximate to2 wk later to determine infection, dissemination, and transmission rates. All Culex species tested were competent vectors in the laboratory and varied from highly efficient vectors (e.g., Cures tarsalis Coquillett) to moderately efficient ones (e.g., Culex nigripalpus Theobald). Nearly all of the Culex species tested could serve a; efficient enzootic or amplifying vectors for WNV. Several container-breeding Aedes and Ochlerotatus species were highly efficient vectors under laboratory conditions, but because of their feeding preferences, would probably not be involved in the maintenance of WNV in nature. However, they would be potential bridge vectors between the avian-Culex cycle and mammalian hosts. In contrast, most of the surface pool-breeding Aedes and Ochlerotatus species tested were relatively inefficient vectors wider laboratory conditions and would probably not play a significant role in transmitting WNV in nature. In determining the potential for a mosquito species to become involved in transmitting WNV, it is necessary to consider not only its laboratory vector competence but also its abundance, host-feeding preference, involvement with other viruses with similar transmission cycles, and whether 1:V ha been isolated from this species under natural conditions. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Turell, MJ (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, 4301 Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 39 TC 330 Z9 353 U1 7 U2 51 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2005)042[0057:AUOTPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 886FO UT WOS:000226212500008 PM 15691009 ER PT J AU Rivin, D Lindsay, RS Shuely, WJ Rodriguez, A AF Rivin, D Lindsay, RS Shuely, WJ Rodriguez, A TI Liquid permeation through nonporous barrier materials SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE barrier membranes; liquid permeation; diffusion; chemical warfare agents; simulants ID ORGANIC VAPORS; DIFFUSION; SORPTION; COEFFICIENTS; MEMBRANES; TRANSPORT; RUBBER AB Permeation of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and relatively nontoxic simulants in several elastomer compounds is examined using a new design flooded surface, liquid permeation cell. Diffusivity (D) and permeability are determined for sulfur mustard and sarin CWA, and for the simulants: dichlorohexane, chloroethyl phenyl sulfide, diethyl methylphosphonate and diisopropyl methylphosphonate. Values of D calculated by several kinetic methods at different stages of the permeation process and from steady-state permeability are generally in agreement but lower than those obtained from immersion kinetics. Barrier effectiveness of the elastomer compounds towards the CWA and simulant liquids decreases in the order: butyl > EPDM much greater than nitrile silicone. Simulant and CWA permeation are correlated in terms of relative permeability and reduced breakthrough time. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. GEO Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Rivin, D (reprint author), USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM donald.rivin@natick.army.mil NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 246 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.06.057 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 887BL UT WOS:000226277200005 ER PT J AU Aimone, AC AF Aimone, AC TI New York State Society of the Cincinnati: Biographies of original members and other continental officers. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad Lib, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Aimone, AC (reprint author), US Mil Acad Lib, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 69 IS 1 BP 231 EP 232 DI 10.1353/jmh.2005.0002 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 883IO UT WOS:000226005000022 ER PT J AU Watson, S AF Watson, S TI Winfield Scott and the profession of arms. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Watson, S (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 69 IS 1 BP 234 EP 235 DI 10.1353/jmh.2005.0068 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 883IO UT WOS:000226005000024 ER PT J AU Trask, DF AF Trask, DF TI Collapse at Meuse-Argonne: The failure of the Missouri-Kansas Division. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Ctr Mil Hist, Ft McNair, CO USA. RP Trask, DF (reprint author), USA, Ctr Mil Hist, Ft McNair, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 69 IS 1 BP 255 EP 255 DI 10.1353/jmh.2005.0062 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 883IO UT WOS:000226005000040 ER PT J AU Solis, G AF Solis, G TI Commandants of the Marine Corps. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Solis, G (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 69 IS 1 BP 283 EP 284 DI 10.1353/jmh.2005.0056 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 883IO UT WOS:000226005000064 ER PT J AU Gay, RH Davis, RA Phillips, DT Sui, DZ AF Gay, RH Davis, RA Phillips, DT Sui, DZ TI Modeling paradigm for the environmental impacts of the digital economy SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMPUTING AND ELECTRONIC COMMERCE LA English DT Article DE digital economy; electronic commerce; environmental impact; input-output modeling; economic profile ID INTERNET; COMMERCE AB Technological advancements of Internet communications and the recent evolution of e-commerce have created a viable, emerging framework to conduct business electronically. Undetermined at this point is the environmental impact of the new digital economy and the economic profile of resulting distribution networks. This study develops and employs an integrated modeling framework to compare the environmental impacts of a traditional business strategy with an e-commerce strategy for the personal computer industry. Ecological factors are evaluated to provide an overall comparison of the 2 business strategies over the product's life cycle. Of particular importance are factors relating to the distribution of products through their supply chains. This study's integrated modeling framework includes a simulation component to address the stochastic modeling environment caused by business uncertainty. Also included is an environmental input-output life cycle assessment model to quantify the full direct and indirect impacts of different business strategies. Outputs from this model include measures of electricity, natural gas, fuel and packaging expended, retail and warehouse space used, energy expenditures, vehicle emissions, and 20 different pollutants resulting from different business strategies. Results of the study suggest 40% to 50% reduction in life cycle energy and pollutant expenditures with e-commerce in the personal computer industry. C1 Texas State Univ, CIS & QM Dept, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ind Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Davis, RA (reprint author), Texas State Univ, CIS & QM Dept, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM rd23@txstate.edu NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 1091-9392 J9 J ORG COMP ELECT COM JI J. Organ. Comp. Electron. Commer. PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 61 EP 82 DI 10.1207/s15327744joce1501_4 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 911SF UT WOS:000228024200004 ER PT J AU Mamiya, T Sora, I Uhl, G Ukai, M AF Mamiya, T Sora, I Uhl, G Ukai, M TI Role of endomorphin-1 on the process of learning and memory in the water-finding test in mice. SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Meeting of the Japanese-Pharnacological-Society CY MAR 22-24, 2005 CL Yokohama, JAPAN SP Japanese Pharmacol Soc C1 Meijo Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Chem Pharmacol, Tempaku Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4688503, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Med, Div Psychobiol, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808574, Japan. Tokyo Inst Psychiat, Dept Mol Psychiat, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1568585, Japan. NIDA, IRP, NIH, USA, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPANESE PHARMACOLOGICAL SOC PI KYOTO PA EDITORIAL OFF, KANTOHYA BLDG GOKOMACHI-EBISUGAWA NAKAGYO-KU, KYOTO, 604, JAPAN SN 1347-8613 J9 J PHARMACOL SCI JI J. Pharmacol. Sci. PY 2005 VL 97 SU 1 BP 60P EP 60P PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 909UL UT WOS:000227886100169 ER PT J AU Mamiya, T Sora, I Uhl, G Ukai, M AF Mamiya, T Sora, I Uhl, G Ukai, M TI Role of endomorphin-1 on the process of learning and memory in the water-finding test in mice SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Meeting of the Japanese-Pharnacological-Society CY MAR 22-24, 2005 CL Yokohama, JAPAN SP Japanese Pharmacol Soc C1 Meijo Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Chem Pharmacol, Tempaku Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4688503, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Med, Div Psychobiol, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808574, Japan. Tokyo Inst Psychiat, Dept Mol Psychiat, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1568585, Japan. NIDA, IRP, NIH, USA, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPANESE PHARMACOLOGICAL SOC PI KYOTO PA EDITORIAL OFF, KANTOHYA BLDG GOKOMACHI-EBISUGAWA NAKAGYO-KU, KYOTO, 604, JAPAN SN 1347-8613 J9 J PHARMACOL SCI JI J. Pharmacol. Sci. PY 2005 VL 97 SU 1 BP 101P EP 101P PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 909UL UT WOS:000227886100323 ER PT J AU Estes, AC AF Estes, AC TI Shock and awe in the civil engineering classroom SO JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Estes, AC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. EM Allen.Estes@usma.edu NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1052-3928 J9 J PROF ISS ENG ED PR JI J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 131 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1052-3928(2005)131:1(1) PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 907EX UT WOS:000227699500001 ER PT J AU Lew, HL Poole, JH Chiang, JYP Lee, EH Date, ES Warden, D AF Lew, HL Poole, JH Chiang, JYP Lee, EH Date, ES Warden, D TI Event-related potential in facial affect recognition: Potential clinical utility in patients with traumatic brain injury SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE affect recognition; brain injury; cognition; electroencephalograph; emotional processing; event-related potential; social perception ID EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION; P300; STIMULI; LATENCY; TIME; TASK AB Traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently leads to deficits in social behavior Prior research suggests that such deficits may result from impaired perception of basic social Cues. However. these social-emotional deficits have not been studied eelectrophysiologically. We measured the P300 event-related potential (ERP), which has been shown to be a sensitive index of cognitive efficiency, in 13 patients with a history of moderate to severe TBI and in 13 healthy controls. The P300 response was measured during detection of 30 pictures of angry faces (rare target) randomly distributed among 120 neutral faces (frequent nontarget). Compared to control subjects, the TBI group's P300 responses were significantly delayed in latency (p = 0.002) and lower in amplitude (p = 0.003). TBI patients also showed slower reaction times and reduced accuracy when manually signaling their detection of angry faces. Coefficients of variation (CVs) for the facial P300 response compared faborably to those of many standard clinical assays, Suggesting. potential clinical utility. For this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of studying TBI patients P300 responses during the recognition of facial affect. Compared to controls. TBI patients showed significantly impaired electrophysiological and behavioral responses while attempting to detect affective facial cues. Additional studies are required for clinicians to determine whether this measure is related to patients' psychosocial function in the community. C1 VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, PM&R Serv, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Palo Alto, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Lew, HL (reprint author), VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, PM&R Serv, MS-B117,3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM henry.lew@med.va.gov NR 23 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 42 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.1682/JRRD.2004.05.0056 PG 6 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 914DL UT WOS:000228205100006 PM 15742247 ER PT J AU Byers, BD Barth, WH Stewart, TL Pierce, BT AF Byers, BD Barth, WH Stewart, TL Pierce, BT TI Ultrasound and MRI appearance and evolution of hydranencephaly in utero - A case report SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the American-College-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY 2003 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Coll Obstetricians Gynecologists DE hydranencephaly; ultra sonography, fetal; magnetic resonance imaging AB BACKGROUND: Hydranencephaly is the total or near-total destruction of the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. The thalami and lower brain centers are typically preserved. This condition is usually preceded by occlusion of the internal carotid arteries, resulting in massive brain infarction. CASE: An 18-year-old woman, gravida 1, presented with a 1-day history of heavy vaginal bleeding at 23 weeks' gestation. Initial ultrasound revealed oligohydramnios and retroplacental lucency consistent with placental abruption. A follow-up level II ultrasound revealed abnormal intracerebral architecture. Subsequent ultrasounds and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an evolving case of hydranencephaly. Postdelivery computed tomography verified the prenatal findings. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound and MRI are useful radiologic studies to confirm the diagnosis of hydranencephaly. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Darnall Army Community Hosp, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Byers, BD (reprint author), USA, 6958 Crested Quail, San Antonio, TX 78250 USA. EM benjamin.byers@sbcglobal.net NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 1 BP 53 EP 56 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 888QZ UT WOS:000226390600012 PM 15730175 ER PT J AU Chevaugeon, N Xin, J Hu, P Li, X Cler, D Flaherty, JE Shephard, MS AF Chevaugeon, N Xin, J Hu, P Li, X Cler, D Flaherty, JE Shephard, MS TI Discontinuous Galerkin methods applied to shock and blast problems SO JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE discountinuous Galerkin methods; hyperbolic conservation problems blast; shock detection; anisotropic mesh refinement; adaptive methods ID FINITE-ELEMENT METHODS; GHOST FLUID METHOD; CONSERVATION-LAWS; HYPERBOLIC PROBLEMS; ERROR ESTIMATION; FLOWS; INTERFACES; PARALLEL AB We describe procedures to model transient shock interaction problems using discontinuous Galerkin methods to solve the compressible Euler equations. The problems are motivated by blast flows surrounding cannons with perforated muzzle brakes. The goal is to predict shock strengths and blast over pressure. This application illustrates several computational difficulties. The software must handle complex geometries. The problems feature strong interacting shocks, with pressure ratios on the order of 1000 as well as weaker precursor shocks traveling rearward that also must be accurately captured. These aspects are addressed using anisotropic mesh adaptation. A shock detector is used to control the adaptation and limiting. We also describe procedures to track projectile motion in the flow by a level-set procedure. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Sci Computat Res Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USA, TACOM ARDEC, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Chevaugeon, N (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Sci Computat Res Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM flahej@rpi.edu NR 33 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0885-7474 J9 J SCI COMPUT JI J. Sci. Comput. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 22-3 IS 1 BP 227 EP 243 DI 10.1007/s10915-004-4138-4 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 913SO UT WOS:000228173600010 ER PT J AU Schmidt, E Edge, H AF Schmidt, E Edge, H TI Effect of kinetic energy projectile inertia upon precision SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 06-09, 2003 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Schmidt, E (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Directorate, 4600 Deer Creek Loop, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 42 IS 1 BP 185 EP 187 DI 10.2514/1.9680 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 897IG UT WOS:000226996700023 ER PT J AU Doarn, CR Adilova, F Lam, D AF Doarn, CR Adilova, F Lam, D TI A review of telemedicine in Uzbekistan SO JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE LA English DT Review ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES AB The government of Uzbekistan has recognized the need for telemedicine. With the support of several international groups, three telemedicine programmes have been established. This international assistance has provided equipment and training. There is a national network of emergency medical services, and two e-referral projects, one led by the Swinfen Charitable Trust and the other by NATO. Although these have been successful, they continue to face similar difficulties. However, telemedicine has shown its value. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Surg, Ctr Surg Innovat, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Uzbek Acad Sci, Inst Cybernet, Tashkent 700135, Uzbekistan. USA, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Natl Study Ctr Emergency Med Syst, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Doarn, CR (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Surg, Ctr Surg Innovat, 231 Albert Sabin Way,SRU Suite 1466, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM charles.doarn@uc.edu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 1357-633X J9 J TELEMED TELECARE JI J. Telemed. Telecare PY 2005 VL 11 IS 3 BP 135 EP 139 DI 10.1258/1357633053688697 PG 5 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 923QT UT WOS:000228925100004 PM 15901440 ER PT J AU Pak, HS AF Pak, HS TI Implementing a teledermatology programme SO JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE LA English DT Article ID INTRAOBSERVER DIAGNOSTIC CORRELATION AB Although teledermatology has been beneficial and cost-effective in some settings, many programmes have failed, not because of the technology but because teledermatology was implemented in isolation. A thorough understanding of an organization's business process and business model is crucial before teledermatology is begun. Unless teledermatology is integrated into the current business process and model, the likelihood of success is greatly reduced. important steps therefore include: (1) understanding how the organization delivers care; (2) analysing the alternatives, including cost-benefit analysis; (3) obtaining organizational support; (4) formulating an execution plan; (5) training staff and monitoring the process. If implemented correctly in the appropriate setting, teledermatology can significantly improve access and quality of care, while reducing or containing costs. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Pak, HS (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr,Bldg 3600, San Antonio, TX 78258 USA. EM hon.pok@omedd.army.mil NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 1357-633X J9 J TELEMED TELECARE JI J. Telemed. Telecare PY 2005 VL 11 IS 6 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1258/1357633054893319 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 967OJ UT WOS:000232100400003 PM 16168164 ER PT J AU Kragh, JF Svoboda, SJ Wenke, JC Brooks, DE Bice, TG Walters, TJ AF Kragh, JF Svoboda, SJ Wenke, JC Brooks, DE Bice, TG Walters, TJ TI The role of epimysium in suturing skeletal muscle lacerations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Combined Meeting of the Orthopaedic-Research-Societies CY OCT, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA SP Orthopaed Res Soc ID TRAUMATIC CLOSED TRANSECTION; BICEPS-BRACHII; CONNECTIVE-TISSUE; REPAIR; RAT; IMMOBILIZATION; REGENERATION; INJURIES; FLAP AB BACKGROUND: Direct muscle trauma is a common and disabling clinical problem. Surgical muscle repair is difficult to evaluate because reliable repair techniques have not been established scientifically. The purpose of this study was to assess the biomechanical properties of epimysium, the collagenous tissue sheath that surrounds muscles in the body. STUDY DESIGN: We surgically repaired transected porcine muscle bellies with and without epimysium. For both groups, 25 figure-eight stitches in lacerated quadriceps bellies from a euthanatized pig were loaded under tension on a biomechanical machine (model 8521S, Instron Company). Maximum loads and strains were measured and mechanisms of failure recorded. RESULTS: The mean load for repairs with epimysium (25.1 N) was significantly higher (p = 0.034) than that for repairs without epimysium (21.2 N). The mean strain for repairs with epimysium (10.4%) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than that for repairs without epimysium (7.3%). The mechanisms of failure were also different. Among epimysium repairs, 15 stitches avulsed muscle transversely, and 10 stitches tore out longitudinally from the muscle. In the nonepimysium group, 1 suture avulsed muscle and 24 sutures tore out. Muscle was the weakest element in each test. CONCLUSIONS: These data showed that epimysium incorporation into suturing improves the capacity of repairs to bear force. These findings fill a knowledge gap and may improve outcomes of muscle suturing. By focusing the experiment on biomechanical properties of muscle stitching, this study showed the key role epimysium plays in muscle suturing. (C) 2005 by the American College of Surgeons. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Extrem Trauma Study Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Kragh, JF (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Extrem Trauma Study Branch, 3600 Rawley E Chambers Ave,Room 292-1,Bldg 3611, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 200 IS 1 BP 38 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2004.09.009 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 886LK UT WOS:000226228600007 PM 15631918 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, AW Campbell, MR Jones, JA Broderick, TJ Ball, CG McBeth, PB McSwain, NE Hamilton, DR Holcomb, JB AF Kirkpatrick, AW Campbell, MR Jones, JA Broderick, TJ Ball, CG McBeth, PB McSwain, NE Hamilton, DR Holcomb, JB TI Extraterrestrial hemorrhage control: Terrestrial developments in technique, technology, and philosophy with applicability to traumatic hemorrhage control in long-duration spaceflight SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Review ID HIGH-INTENSITY ULTRASOUND; V LIVER-INJURIES; HYPOTHERMIC COAGULOPATHIC SWINE; DAMAGE CONTROL LAPAROTOMY; FIBRIN SEALANT DRESSINGS; CYCLE-SPECIFIC INCREASES; END-EXPIRATORY PRESSURE; CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS; BLUNT SPLENIC INJURY; DECREASES BLOOD-LOSS C1 Foothills Med Ctr, Dept Crit Care Med, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada. Foothills Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada. Foothills Med Ctr, Calgary Brain Inst, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada. Wyle Life Sci, Houston, TX USA. NASA, Houston, TX USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, AW (reprint author), Foothills Med Ctr, Dept Crit Care Med, 1403 29 St NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada. EM andrew.kirkpatrick@calgaryhealthregion.ca NR 180 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 200 IS 1 BP 64 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2004.08.028 PG 13 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 886LK UT WOS:000226228600011 PM 15631922 ER PT J AU Potsdam, MA Strawn, RC AF Potsdam, MA Strawn, RC TI CFD simulations of tiltrotor configurations in hover SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY JUN 11-13, 2002 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Amer Helicopter Soc ID ROTOR AB Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics calculations are presented for isolated, half-span, and full-span V-22 tiltrotor hover configurations. These computational results extend the validity of CFD hover methodology beyond conventional applications to tiltrotor configurations. Computed steady-state, isolated rotor performance agrees well with experimental measurements, showing little sensitivity to grid resolution. However, blade-vortex interaction flowfield details are sensitive to numerical dissipation and are more difficult to model accurately. Time-dependent, dynamic, half- and full-span installed configurations show sensitivities in performance to the tiltrotor fountain flow. As such, the full-span configuration exhibits higher rotor efficiency and lower airframe download than the half-span configuration. Half-span rotor installation trends match available half-span data, and airframe downloads are reasonably well predicted. Overall, the CFD solutions provide a wealth of flowfield details that can be used to analyze and improve tiltrotor aerodynamic performance. C1 USA, AMRDEC, Aeroflightdynam Directorate, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Potsdam, MA (reprint author), USA, AMRDEC, Aeroflightdynam Directorate, Moffett Field, CA USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 1 BP 82 EP 94 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 897KT UT WOS:000227003500008 ER PT J AU Meadows, AB Maine, LL Keyes, EK Pearson, K Finstuen, K AF Meadows, AB Maine, LL Keyes, EK Pearson, K Finstuen, K TI Pharmacy executive leadership issues and associated skills, knowledge, and abilities SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Delphi method; future; leadership; competency; professional development; pharmacists ID 21ST-CENTURY; CARE; FORECAST AB Objectives: To identify challenges that current and future pharmacy executives are facing or will face in the future and to define what skills, knowledge, and abilities (SKAs) are required to successfully negotiate these challenges. Design: Delphi method for executive decision making. Setting: Civilian pharmacy profession. Participants: 110 pharmacists who graduated from the GlaxoSmithKIine Executive Management Program for Pharmacy Leaders. Interventions: Two iterations of the Delphi method for executive decision making separated by an expert panel content analysis. Main Outcome Measures: Round I-participants were asked to identify five major issues they believed to be of greatest importance to pharmacy leaders in the next 5-10 years and name specific SKAs that might be needed by future leaders to successfully deal with those issues. An expert panel reviewed the issues, classified issues into specific domains, and titled each domain. Round 2-participants rated the SKAs on a 7-point scale according to their individual assessment of importance in each domain. Results: For Delphi rounds I and 2, response rates were 21.8% and 18.2%, respectively. More than 100 total issue statements were identified. The expert panel sorted the issues into five domains: management and development of the pharmacy workforce, pharmacy finance, total quality management of work flow systems, influences on the practice of pharmacy, and professional pharmacy leadership. Five of the top 15 SKAs-and all four highest ranked itemscame from the professional pharmacy leadership domain, including ability to see the big picture, ability to demonstrate the value of pharmacy services, ability to lead and manage in an ethical manner, and skills for influencing an organization's senior leadership. Conclusion: Through successful integration of communication skills, critical thinking, and problem solving techniques, future public-sector pharmacy executives will be better equipped to effectively position their organizations and the profession for the challenges that lie ahead. C1 Air Command & Staff Coll, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. Amer Assoc Coll Pharm, Alexandria, VA USA. Amer Pharm Assoc, Strateg Alliances & Business Dev, Washington, DC USA. Univ Penn, Wharton Sch, Leonard Davis Inst Hlth Econ, Hlth Care Management Programs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Baylor Univ, Grad Program Hlth Care Adm, USA, Htlh Care Adm, Houston, TX USA. RP Meadows, AB (reprint author), Air Command & Staff Coll, 225 Chennault Circle, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. EM andrew.meadows@maxwell.af.mil NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHARMACEUTICAL ASSN PI WASHINGTON PA 2215 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1544-3191 J9 J AM PHARM ASSN JI J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 45 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1331/1544345052843183 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 915TK UT WOS:000228333900013 PM 15730118 ER PT J AU Ding, MS Jow, TR AF Ding, MS Jow, TR TI Properties of PC-EA solvent and its solution of LiBOB comparison of linear esters to linear carbonates for use in lithium batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE ELECTROLYTES; LI-ION CELLS; EC SOLUTIONS; BINARY CARBONATES; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; PHASE-DIAGRAMS; CONDUCTIVITY; VISCOSITY; DEC; LIPF6 AB A binary solvent of propylene carbonate (PC) and ethyl acetate (EA) was measured for its liquid phase boundaries made of bubble point and liquidus lines, its glass transition temperature (T-g) for the evaluation of its viscosity, and its dielectric constant. Its solution of lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) was measured for its T-g and its electrolytic conductivity. The results were compared with their counterparts in a binary solvent of PC-diethyl carbonate (DEC) and its solution of LiBOB obtained in previous studies. The advantages and disadvantages in general of using linear esters in the place of linear carbonates for lithium battery electrolytes are discussed based on the results of this study and on the literature values of properties of the PC-EA and PC-DEC solvents. © 2005 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.1914757] All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ding, MS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM mding@arl.army.mil NR 36 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 6 BP A1199 EP A1207 DI 10.1149/1.1914757 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 931HB UT WOS:000229475300025 ER PT J AU Ding, MS Xu, K Jow, TR AF Ding, MS Xu, K Jow, TR TI Conductivity and viscosity of PC-DEC and PC-EC solutions of LiBOB SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PROPYLENE CARBONATE; ETHYLENE CARBONATE; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; SOLVENT COMPOSITION; BINARY CARBONATES; LITHIUM BATTERIES; METHYL CARBONATE; SALT CONTENT; TEMPERATURE; CONDUCTANCE AB Conductivity kappa of propylene carbonate-diethyl carbonate (PC-DEC) and propylene carbonate- ethylene carbonate (PC-EC) solutions of lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) was experimentally determined at temperatures theta from 60 to -80 degreesC, salt molalities m from 0.04 to 1.1 mol kg(-1), and solvent compositions w from 0 to 0.7 weight fraction of DEC and EC. Viscosity eta of LiBOB in PC-EC was studied through measuring its glass transition temperature T-g in the same ranges of m and w. T-g was found to rise with m and w of EC, indicating a concurrent change in the eta of the solution. The kappa of the PC-DEC solution of LiBOB peaked in both m and w thus forming a "dome'' in its 3D presentation in the coordinates of m and w, while that of the PC-EC solution peaked only in m resulting in an "arch''-shaped surface. As the theta was lowered, these kappa surfaces fell in height and shifted in the direction of low h. These observations correlated well with the changes of dielectric constant of the solvents and h of the solutions with the same set of variables. The measured kappa(T) data for the PC-DEC solution was fitted with the Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher equation for an evaluation of its vanishing mobility temperature and apparent activation energy. The results of k and h of the LiBOB solutions were further compared with those of LiPF6 solutions from a previous study. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ding, MS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM mding@arl.army.mil RI Xu, Kang/C-6054-2013 NR 36 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 6 U2 30 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 1 BP A132 EP A140 DI 10.1149/1.1833611 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 881JX UT WOS:000225864900020 ER PT J AU Nothwang, WD Cole, MW Hubbard, C Ngo, E AF Nothwang, WD Cole, MW Hubbard, C Ngo, E TI Residual stress effects in doped barium strontium titanate thin films SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; SHARP INDENTATION; STRAIN; DEPOSITION; TUNABILITY; BEHAVIOR AB Barium strontium titanate (BaxSri -xTiO3; BST) thin films are the principal materials of interest for microwave antenna design, primarily because of their low loss, high dielectric constant, and large tunability. The effects of acceptor (Mg) doping, added to further tune film properties, on the BST thin films were investigated in parallel to the annealing temperature. Films were deposited on MgO single-crystal substrates using metallorganic solution deposition. Residual stress, known to have a drastic effect on the mechanical, electrical, and dielectric properties, becomes of particular importance in thin-film materials, where the residual stress can be several orders of magnitude higher. The residual stress in the films was measured in three ways (reflective curvature, nanoindentation, and glancing angle X-ray diffraction). Measured stresses (as high as 2 Gp) were tunable by varying the dopant concentration and annealing temperature. The results from all three stress measurement techniques showed that the films had a highly compressive stress at the interface that transitioned to a significantly lower, but still nonzero, stress at the top surface (similar to 200 nm) as theory would suggest. In this paper, we evaluate and report the effects of residual stress on acceptor-doped BST as a function of postdeposition annealing conditions. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Nothwang, WD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM wnothwang@arl.army.mil NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 3 BP F37 EP F43 DI 10.1149/1.1855851 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 905YI UT WOS:000227607300055 ER PT J AU Vorontsov, MA Kolosov, V AF Vorontsov, MA Kolosov, V TI Target-in-the-loop beam control: basic considerations for analysis and wave-front sensing SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; SPECKLE; OPTIMIZATION; COHERENCE; HARTMANN; MEDIA AB Target-in-the-loop (TIL) wave propagation geometry represents perhaps the most challenging case for adaptive optics applications that are related to maximization of irradiance power density on extended remotely located surfaces in the presence of dynamically changing refractive-index inhomogeneities in the propagation medium. We introduce a TIL propagation model that uses a combination of the parabolic equation describing coherent outgoing-wave propagation, and the equation describing evolution of the mutual correlation function (MCF) for the backscattered wave (return wave). The resulting evolution equation for the MCF is further simplified by use of the smooth-refractive-index approximation. This approximation permits derivation of the transport equation for the return-wave brightness function, analyzed here by the method of characteristics (brightness function trajectories). The equations for the brightness function trajectories (ray equations) can be efficiently integrated numerically. We also consider wave-front sensors that perform sensing of speckle-averaged characteristics of the wave-front phase (TIL sensors). Analysis of the wave-front phase reconstructed from Shack-Hartmann TIL sensor measurements shows that an extended target introduces a phase modulation (target-induced phase) that cannot be easily separated from the atmospheric-turbulence-related phase aberrations. We also show that wave-front sensing results depend on the extended target shape, surface roughness, and outgoing-beam intensity distribution on the target surface. For targets with smooth surfaces and nonflat shapes, the target-induced phase can contain aberrations. The presence of target-induced aberrations in the conjugated phase may result in a deterioration of adaptive system performance. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USA, Res Lab, Integrated Opt Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland, Intelligent Opt Lab, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Opt, Siberian Branch, Tomsk 634055, Russia. RP Vorontsov, MA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Integrated Opt Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 50 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 BP 126 EP 141 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.22.000126 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA 888TO UT WOS:000226397300014 PM 15669623 ER PT J AU Bhattacharjee, AK Carvalho, KA Opsenica, D Solaja, BA AF Bhattacharjee, AK Carvalho, KA Opsenica, D Solaja, BA TI Structure-activity relationship study of steroidal 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane animalarials using computational procedures SO JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE QSAR; 3D pharmacophore; tetraoxane; malaria; steroids ID ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY; ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY; DISPIRO-1,2,4,5-TETRAOXANES; ARTEMISININ; PEROXIDES; ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL; RESISTANCE; INVITRO; ANALOGS; DRUG AB A three-dimensional QSAR pharmacophore model for antimalarial activity of steroidal 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes was developed from a set of 17 substituted antimalarial derivatives out of 27 analogues that exhibited remarkable in vitro activity (below 100 ng/mL) against sensitive and multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The pharmacophore, which contains two hydrogen bond acceptors (lipid) and one hydrophobic (aliphatic) feature, was found to map well onto the potent analogues and many other well-known antimalarial trioxane drugs including artemisinin, arteether, artesunic acid, and tetraoxanes. The presence of at least one hydrogen bond acceptor in the trioxane or the tetraoxane moiety appears to be necessary for potent activity of this class of compounds. Docking calculations of some of these compounds with heme are consistent with the above observation as the proximity of the heme iron to the oxygen atom of the trioxane or the tetraoxane moiety favors potent activity of the compounds. Electron transfer from the oxygen of trioxane or the tetraoxane appears to be crucial for mechanism of action of the compounds. This information together with the pharmacophore should enable search for new peroxide containing antimalarial candidates from databases and custom designed synthesis of more efficacious and safer analogues. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Inst Chem Technol & Met, YU-11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Univ Belgrade, Fac Chem, YU-11001 Belgrade, Serbia Monteneg, Yugoslavia. RP Bhattacharjee, AK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM apurba.bhattacharjee@na.amedd.army.mil OI Solaja, Bogdan/0000-0002-9975-2725 NR 25 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOC PI BELGRADE PA KARNEGIJEVA 4, PO BOX 462, YU-11001 BELGRADE, YUGOSLAVIA SN 0352-5139 J9 J SERB CHEM SOC JI J. Serb. Chem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 70 IS 3 BP 329 EP 345 DI 10.2298/JSC0503329B PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 921IS UT WOS:000228758300004 ER PT J AU Santee, WR Wallace, RF AF Santee, WR Wallace, RF TI Comparison of weather service heat indices using a thermal model SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heat stress; heat index; modeling; rectal temperature AB The US and Canadian weather service heat indices were evaluated to determine if one is a better predictor of the risk of heat injury. Heat index values were compared to the rectal temperature predicted by a heat-balanced-based thermal model to determine if there was a statistically significant relation between the heat index values and predicted rectal temperature. R-2 values ranged between 0.96 and 0.99 for the conditions investigated. Equations that predicted rectal temperature from the heat indices are presented. Both indices are highly correlated with predicted rectal temperatures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Biophys & Biomed Modeling Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Santee, WR (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Biophys & Biomed Modeling Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM william.santee@na.amedd.army.mil NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 30 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2004.07.003 PG 8 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA 890TO UT WOS:000226533900009 ER PT J AU Skoch, GJ AF Skoch, GJ TI Experimental investigation of diffuser hub injection to improve centrifugal compressor stability SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA AB Results from a series of experiments to investigate whether centrifugal compressor stability could be improved by injecting air through the diffuser hub surface are reported. The research was conducted in a 4:1 pressure ratio centrifugal compressor configured with a vane-island diffuser. Injector nozzles were located just upstream of the leading edge of the diffuser vanes. Nozzle orientations were set to produce injected streams angled at -8, 0, and +8 degrees relative to the vane mean camber line. Several injection flow rates were tested using both an external air supply and recirculation from the diffuser exit. Compressor flow range did not improve at any injection flow rate that was tested, and generally diminished as injection rate increased. Compressor flow range did improve slightly at zero injection due to the flow resistance created by injector openings on the hub surface. Resistance and flow range both increased as the injector orientation was turned toward radial. Leading edge loading and semivaneless space diffusion showed trends that are similar to those reported earlier from shroud surface experiments that did improve compressor range. Opposite trends are seen for hub injection cases where compressor flow range decreased. The hub injection data further explain the range improvement provided by shroud-side injection and suggest that stability factors cited in the discussion of shroud surface techniques are valid. The results also suggest that a different application of hub-side techniques may produce a range improvement in centrifugal compressors. C1 USA, Res Lab, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Skoch, GJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 4 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2005 VL 127 IS 1 BP 107 EP 117 DI 10.1115/1.1812779 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 901FA UT WOS:000227267200013 ER PT S AU Grinfeld, M Grinfeld, P Kojima, H Little, J Masutomi, R Persson, PO Zheleva, T AF Grinfeld, M Grinfeld, P Kojima, H Little, J Masutomi, R Persson, PO Zheleva, T BE Chason, E Gilmer, GH Huang, H Wang, E TI The stress driven rearrangement instabilities in electronic materials and in helium crystals SO Kinetics-Driven Nanopatterning on Surfaces SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Kinetics-Driven Nanopatterning on Surfaces held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP MRS ID GRINFELD INSTABILITY; SURFACE; EQUILIBRIUM; INTERFACE; STABILITY; EVOLUTION; MELT; GE AB At present, there is a consensus that various Stress Driven Rearrangement Instabilities (SDRI) are the implications of the mathematically rigorous theoretical Gibbs thermodynamics. Many applied researchers and practitioners believe that SDRI are also universal physical phenomena occurring over a large range of length scales and applied topics. There is a multitude of publications claiming experimental observation of the SDRI based phenomena. This opinion is challenged by other highly respected scholars claiming theoretical inconsistencies and multiple experimental counterexamples. Such an uncertainty is too costly for further progress on the SDRI topic. The ultimate goal of our project is to resolve this controversy. The project includes experimental, theoretical, and numerical studies. Among various plausible manifestations of SDRI, the authors focused only on two most promising for which the validity of the SDRI has already been claimed by other researchers: a) stress driven corrugations of the solid-melt phase interface in macroscopic quantum He-4 and b) the dislocation-free Stranski-Krastanov pattern of growth of semiconductor quantum dots. We devised a program and experimental set-ups for testing applicability of the SDRI mechanisms using the same physical systems as before but using implications of the SDRI theory for 2D patterning which have never been tested in the past. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Grinfeld, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-797-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 849 BP 27 EP 34 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BCO28 UT WOS:000230391100004 ER PT J AU Zhang, XM Chiu, J Kong, XT Melamed, J Twiss, C Lee, P AF Zhang, XM Chiu, J Kong, XT Melamed, J Twiss, C Lee, P TI Upregulated expression of androgen receptor (AR) specific transcription corepressors in prostate cancer SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US Canadian Acad Pathol C1 NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 85 SU 1 BP 174A EP 175A PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 886OQ UT WOS:000226238600804 ER PT J AU Jacobson, ER Janiec, DJ Spaulding, L Blaszyk, H AF Jacobson, ER Janiec, DJ Spaulding, L Blaszyk, H TI Histologic variation of grade and stage of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in liver biopsies obtained from obese patients during gastric bypass surgery SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Burlington, VT USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 85 SU 1 MA 1295 BP 280A EP 280A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 886OQ UT WOS:000226238601468 ER PT J AU Casler, JD Doolittle, AM Mair, EA AF Casler, JD Doolittle, AM Mair, EA TI Endoscopic surgery of the anterior skull base SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article DE endoscopic skull base surgery; craniofacial; open surgical procedure ID JUVENILE NASOPHARYNGEAL ANGIOFIBROMA; CRANIOFACIAL RESECTION; PARANASAL SINUSES; MALIGNANT-TUMORS; CRANIAL BASE; MANAGEMENT; FOSSA; DISSECTION; EXPERIENCE; EXCISION AB Objectives/Hypothesis. Traditional surgical approaches to the anterior skull base often involve craniotomy, facial incisions, disruption of skeletal framework, tracheotomy, and an extended hospital stay. As experience with endoscopic sinus surgery has grown, the techniques and equipment have been found to be adaptable to treatment of lesions of the anterior and central skull base. A minimally invasive endoscopic approach theoretically offers the advantages of avoiding facial incisions, osteotomies, and tracheotomy; surgery should be less painful, recovery quicker, and hospital stays should be shorter. The study attempted to assess endoscopic approaches to the anterior and central skull base for its ability to achieve those goals. Study Design: Retrospective review of 72 cases performed at a single institution from November 1996 to July 2003. A subgroup of 15 patients who underwent endoscopic approach to their pituitary tumors was compared with a similar group of 15 patients who underwent traditional open transsphenoidal surgery for their pituitary tumors. Methods: Patient records were analyzed and information tabulated for age, sex, disease, location of lesion, operative time, use of image-guided surgical systems, blood loss, length of intensive care unit stay, duration of operative pain, length of postoperative hospitalization, complications, and completeness of resection. Results: Of the cases, 86.1% were performed exclusively endoscopically, and 13.9% used a combination of endoscopic and open techniques. An image-guided surgical system was used in 83% of cases. Hospital length of stay was 2.3 days for the exclusively endoscopic group as opposed to 8 days for the combined group. With the patients with pituitary tumors, operative times were similar between the two groups (255.13 vs. 245.73 min), blood loss was less in the endoscopic group (125.33 vs. 243.33 mL), pain duration was shorter in the endoscopic group (10 of 15 patients pain free on postoperative day 1 vs. 2 of 15 patients pain free in the open group), and intensive care unit stay and hospital length of stay were both shorter in the endoscopic group. Complication rates and completeness of resection was similar in both groups, although the open group had a higher rate of complications related to the approach to the sella. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the safety and efficacy of judicious endoscopic approaches to anterior skull base lesions. An outcomes assessment in pituitary surgery demonstrates advantages of an endoscopic approach in appropriate cases. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Casler, JD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave,Otolaryngol Bldg 2,Suite 6B, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM john.casler@na.amedd.army.mil NR 48 TC 77 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD JAN PY 2005 VL 115 IS 1 BP 16 EP 24 DI 10.1097/01.mlg.0000150681.68355.85 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 887YF UT WOS:000226340700003 PM 15630358 ER PT S AU Redman, B Ruff, W Stann, B Giza, M Lawler, W Dammann, J Potter, W AF Redman, B Ruff, W Stann, B Giza, M Lawler, W Dammann, J Potter, W BE Kamerman, GW TI Anti-ship missile tracking with a chirped AM ladar - Update: Design, model predictions, and experimental results SO Laser Radar Technology and Applications X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications X CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE ladar; laser radar; lidar; FM-CW; chirped AM; 3D imaging; Doppler; cruise missile; tracking; IRST ID LASER-RADAR AB Shipboard infrared search and track (IRST) systems can detect sea-skimming, anti-ship missiles at long ranges. Since IRST systems cannot measure range and line-of-sight (LOS) velocity, they have difficulty distinguishing, missiles from false targets and clutter. In a joint Army-Navy program, the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is developing a ladar based on the chirped amplitude modulation (AM) technique to provide range and velocity measurements of potential targets handed-over by the distributed aperture system - IRST (DAS-IRST) being developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). Using the ladar's range and velocity data, false alarms and clutter will be eliminated, and valid missile targets' tracks will be updated. By using an array receiver, ARL's ladar will also provide 3D imagery of potential threats for force protection/situational awareness. The concept of operation, the Phase I breadboard ladar design and performance model results, and the Phase I breadboard ladar development program were presented in paper 5413-16 at last year's symposium. This paper will present updated design and performance model results, as well as recent laboratory and field test results for the Phase I breadboard ladar. Implications of the Phase I program results on the design, development, and testing of the Phase II brassboard ladar will also be discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Redman, B (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5776-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5791 BP 330 EP 341 DI 10.1117/12.603637 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BCR81 UT WOS:000230961500034 ER PT S AU Dubinskii, M Merkle, LD Goff, JR Quarles, GJ Castillo, VK Schepler, KL Zelmon, D Guha, S Gonzalez, LP Rickey, MR Lee, JJ Hegde, SM Dumm, JQ Messing, GL Lee, SH AF Dubinskii, M Merkle, LD Goff, JR Quarles, GJ Castillo, VK Schepler, KL Zelmon, D Guha, S Gonzalez, LP Rickey, MR Lee, JJ Hegde, SM Dumm, JQ Messing, GL Lee, SH BE Wood, GL TI Processing technology, laser, optical and thermal properties of ceramic laser gain materials SO Laser Source and System Technology for Defense and Security SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Source and System Technology for Defense and Security CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE ceramic; laser; Nd : YAG; refractive index; laser damage ID TRANSPARENT YAG CERAMICS; YTTRIUM-ALUMINUM-GARNET; POLYCRYSTALLINE; FABRICATION AB Recently there has been increasing interest in high quality ceramic laser gain materials, particularly for high-energy lasers, due to the successful application of high-volume advanced ceramics consolidation techniques to transparent oxide gain materials. In this paper, a brief comparison of manufacturing techniques is presented, including an overview of the co-precipitation process and the solid-state reaction process. Merits and risks of each will be presented from a processing viewpoint. Ceramic Nd:YAG in particular shows promise for high power laser design. The program reported here is also compiling a definitive database to compare ceramic and single crystal Nd:YAG materials. Uniform doping levels of up to 9 at% Nd3+ have been reported by Konoshima Chemical Co. in ceramic Nd:YAG, and studied by the US Army Research Laboratory and the US Air Force Research Laboratory. All ceramic Nd:YAG materials studied to date have exhibited similar, if not identical, spectroscopic parameters to those measured for single crystal samples. Thermal properties, laser damage thresholds and refractive indices for a range of temperatures and wavelengths are reported. Diode-pumped free running laser experiment results with highly concentrated (up to 8 at% Nd3+) ceramics and their comparison with our modeling results are presented. High pulse repetition frequency actively (AO) Q-switched laser experiments are in progress. While there are still challenges in the manufacturing of ceramic laser gain materials, and the benefits of the application of ceramic technology to laser material are yet to be fully realized, ceramic Nd:YAG shows promise and could provide new options to the laser design engineer. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Dubinskii, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5777-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5792 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1117/12.602879 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BCR87 UT WOS:000230976800001 ER PT J AU Kagan, FW AF Kagan, Frederick W. BE Kagan, FW Kubik, C TI LEADERS IN WAR West Point remembers the 1991 Gulf War INTRODUCTION SO LEADERS IN WAR: WEST POINT REMEMBERS THE 1991 GULF WAR SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Kagan, FW (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-32748-7 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2005 BP 1 EP 7 D2 10.4324/9780203327487 PG 7 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BMO42 UT WOS:000273092700002 ER PT J AU Kubik, C AF Kubik, Chris BE Kagan, FW Kubik, C TI PLATOON LEADER CHALLENGES SO LEADERS IN WAR: WEST POINT REMEMBERS THE 1991 GULF WAR SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter RP Kubik, C (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-32748-7 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2005 BP 149 EP 165 D2 10.4324/9780203327487 PG 17 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BMO42 UT WOS:000273092700012 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI Dive: The ultimate guide to 60 of the world's top dive locations. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 US Army Combines Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), US Army Combines Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 130 IS 1 BP 122 EP 122 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 887YA UT WOS:000226340200169 ER PT J AU Metz, EJ AF Metz, EJ TI Children at War SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USACGSC Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Metz, EJ (reprint author), USACGSC Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 130 IS 1 BP 131 EP 131 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 887YA UT WOS:000226340200212 ER PT S AU Mahoney, WP Bernstein, B Wolff, J Linden, S Myers, WL Hallowell, RG Cowie, J Stern, AD Koenig, G Phetteplace, G Schultz, P Pisano, PA Burkheimer, D AF Mahoney, WP Bernstein, B Wolff, J Linden, S Myers, WL Hallowell, RG Cowie, J Stern, AD Koenig, G Phetteplace, G Schultz, P Pisano, PA Burkheimer, D GP TRB TI FHWA's maintenance decision support system project - Results and recommendations SO MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS SERVICES SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 84th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP US Dept Transportat, US Fed Aviat Adm, US Fed Highway Adm, US Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, US Fed Railroad Adm, US Fed Transit Adm, US Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, US Res & Innovat Technol Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Transportat Res Board, Transportat Dept 50 States, Puerto Rico & District Columbia AB The Federal Highway Administration's Office of Transportation Operations Road Weather Management Program began a project in FY 1999 to develop a prototype winter road maintenance decision support system (MDSS). The MDSS capabilities are based on feedback received by the FHWA in 2001 from maintenance managers at a number of state departments of transportation (DOTs) as part of an initiative to capture surface transportation weather decision support requirements. The MDSS project goal is to seed the implementation of advanced decision support services provided by the private sector for state DOTs. This has been achieved by developing core software capabilities that serve as a basis for these tailored products. After the 2001 user needs assessment was completed, the MDSS program was extended with the objective of developing and demonstrating a functional prototype MDSS. Field demonstrations of the prototype MDSS were conducted in Iowa between February and April 2003, and during the winter of 2004. The performance of the prototype MDSS was much improved during the second winter. The weather and road condition predictions were more accurate, and the treatment recommendations generated by the system were reasonable given the predicted conditions. Iowa garage supervisors actively considered the treatment guidance, and on occasion they successfully used the recommended treatments without modification. This paper describes the status of the MDSS project, results and lessons learned from the field demonstrations, and future development efforts. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. Mitretek Syst, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Iowa Dept Transportat, Ames, IA 50010 USA. FHWA, HOTO 1, Washington, DC 20590 USA. RP Mahoney, WP (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-09384-8 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2005 IS 1911 BP 133 EP 142 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BDU78 UT WOS:000235515300013 ER PT J AU Duffy, PE Fried, M AF Duffy, PE Fried, M TI Malaria in the pregnant woman SO MALARIA: DRUGS, DISEASE AND POST-GENOMIC BIOLOGY SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CHONDROITIN SULFATE-A; FALCIPARUM-INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION; INTERMITTENT SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; PLACENTAL MALARIA; RURAL MALAWI; VAR GENE; MEMBRANE PROTEIN-1 AB Women become more susceptible to Plasmodium falciparum malaria during pregnancy, and the risk of disease and death is high for both the mother and her fetus. In low transmission areas, women of all parities are at risk for severe syndromes like cerebral malaria, and maternal and fetal mortality are high. In high transmission areas, where women are most susceptible during their first pregnancies, severe syndromes like cerebral malaria are uncommon, but severe maternal anemia and low birth weight are frequent sequelae and account for an enormous loss of life. P. falciparum-infected red cells sequester in the intervillous space of the placenta, where they adhere to chondroitin sulfate A but not to receptors like CD36 that commonly support adhesion of parasites infecting nonpregnant hosts. Poor pregnancy outcomes due to malaria are related to the macrophage-rich infiltrates and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-cc that accumulate in the intervillous space. Women who acquire antibodies against chrondroitin sulfate A (CSA)-binding parasites are less likely to have placental malaria, and are more likely to deliver healthy babies. In areas of stable transmission, women acquire antibodies against CSA-binding parasites over successive pregnancies, explaining the high susceptibility to malaria during first pregnancy, and suggesting that a vaccine to prevent pregnancy malaria should target placental parasites. Prevention and treatment of malaria are essential components of antenatal care in endemic areas, but require special considerations during pregnancy. Recrudescence after drug treatment is more common during pregnancy, and the spread of drug-resistant parasites has eroded the usefulness of the few drugs known to be safe for the woman and her fetus. Determining the safety and effectiveness of newer antimalarials in pregnant women is an urgent priority. A vaccine that prevents pregnancy malaria due to P. falciparum could be delivered before first pregnancy, and would have an enormous impact on mother-child health in tropical areas. C1 Seattle Biomed Res Inst, Seattle, WA USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Duffy, PE (reprint author), Seattle Biomed Res Inst, 307 Westlake Ave, Seattle, WA USA. EM patrick.duffy@sbri.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI52059, AI43680] NR 132 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2005 VL 295 BP 169 EP 200 PG 32 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BDG89 UT WOS:000233456400007 PM 16265891 ER PT J AU Tackitt, KD Walsh, SM AF Tackitt, KD Walsh, SM TI Experimental study of thickness gradient formation in the VARTM process SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE gradient; LVDT; resin transfer molding; surface displacement; thickness; VARTM ID COMPOSITES; DEFORMATION; COMPACTION AB Although the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process has been the focus of much attention in the past several years, it is only recently that research tools have been developed to investigate fundamental process mechanisms associated with it. One area of concern for composites manufacturers is the ability to maintain dimensional tolerances throughout the process cycle. It has been well known that a thickness gradient forms during VARTM, leading to corresponding gradients in fiber volume fraction and the associated mechanical properties. In this work, the formation of these thickness gradients is investigated using an array of linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) to monitor surface displacements during infusion. SMARTweave sensors are used to correlate resin flow with the surface displacements for infusions, using either a line resin source or point resin source. Software is used to display the surface displacements as a three-dimensional plot so that the entire part surface may he visualized during infusion. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Tackitt, KD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM ktackitt@arl.army.mil NR 10 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 607 EP 627 DI 10.1081/AMP-200041896 PG 21 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 950FH UT WOS:000230842500002 ER PT S AU South, JT Carter, RH Snyder, JF Hilton, CD O'Brien, DJ Wetzel, ED AF South, JT Carter, RH Snyder, JF Hilton, CD O'Brien, DJ Wetzel, ED BE Chipara, M Edwards, DL Benson, RS Phillips, S TI Multifunctional power-generating and energy-storing structural composites for US Army applications SO Materials for Space Applications SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Space Applications held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID ELECTROLYTES; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN AB Many U.S. Army systems, such as ground vehicles and fully equipped soldiers, are comprised of multiple subcomponents which each typically perform unique functions. Combining these functions into single, multifunctional components could reduce mass and improve overall system efficiency. In particular, creating structural materials that also provide power generating or energy storing capacity could provide significant weight savings over a range of platforms. In this study, structural composite batteries, fuel cells, and capacitors are proposed. To ensure performance benefits, these multifunctional composites are designed so that the materials involved in power and energy processes are also load bearing, rather than simply packaged within monofunctional structural materials. Fabrication and design details for these multifunctional systems, as well as structural and power/energy performance results, are reported. Critical material properties and fabrication considerations are highlighted, and important technical challenges are identified. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP South, JT (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-799-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 851 BP 139 EP 150 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BCK38 UT WOS:000229734500017 ER PT S AU Dutta, PK Ryerson, CC Pergantis, C AF Dutta, PK Ryerson, CC Pergantis, C BE Chipara, M Edwards, DL Benson, RS Phillips, S TI Thermal deicing of polymer composite helicopter blades SO Materials for Space Applications SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Space Applications held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB This paper presents the results of an investigation to determine if thermal deicing methods (hot air, hot water, hot glycol, or radiative heat) would damage the composite materials in helicopter blades. Samples made from Blackhawk helicopter blades were thermally cycled in the regime of the temperatures of thermal deicing methods and then mechanically load tested. The strength reduction was compared with the number of thermal cycling and the temperatures of thermal cycling. The strength results and the modes of failure indicate that damages indeed do develop in the composites, especially along the bond line of the composite skin and the nomex core of the blade structure, and mechanical strength is reduced. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res & Dev, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Dutta, PK (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res & Dev, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-799-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 851 BP 563 EP 574 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BCK38 UT WOS:000229734500072 ER PT S AU Nothwang, WD Cole, MW Joshi, PC Hirsch, S Ngo, E Hubbard, C Demaree, JD AF Nothwang, WD Cole, MW Joshi, PC Hirsch, S Ngo, E Hubbard, C Demaree, JD BE Cho, YS Shiffler, D Randall, CA Tilmans, HAC Tsurumi, T TI Integrating Ba1-xSrxTiO3 thin films with large area, affordable, industry standard substrates for microwave applications SO Materials, Integration and Packaging Issues for High-Frequency Devices II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials, Integration and Packaging Issues for High-Frequency Devices II held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The US Army is actively pursuing technologies to enable transformation goals of a lighter, faster, more potent force via affordable, electronically scanned phased array antennas (ESA's) that will provide the means for achieving a high data rate with beyond-line-of-sight, mobile communications. In order to transition this technology to Army applications, it is important that the cost of each device be decreased from current technology. Traditionally, paraelectric, active thin films of magnesium doped barium strontium titanate, have been deposited on expensive ceramic (MgO, LaAlO3, SrTiO3, Al2O3) substrates, and compositionally designed for tunable microwave applications. By integrating an active, thin film material with a large area, low cost, microwave friendly substrate, the cost could be significantly reduced. While Si is not a suitable substrate for microwave applications, a low cost, microwave friendly, buffer layer on silicon would be. A high performance Ta2O5 thin film, passive, buffer layer on Si substrates has been successfully designed. fabricated, characterized, and optimized via metalorganic Solution decomposition technique. The optimized Ta2O5 based thin film exhibited suitable microwave material properties, including an enhanced dielectric constant (epsilon(r) = 45.6), low dielectric loss (tan delta = 0.006), low leakage current, high film resistivity (rho = 10(12) Omega-cm at E=1 MV/cm), excellent temperature stability (temperature coefficient of capacitance of 52 ppm/degrees C), and outstanding bias stability of capacitance (similar to 1.41 % at 1 MV/cm). The permittivity and dissipation factor, also of extreme importance, exhibited minimal dielectric dispersion with frequency. The dielectric passive buffer layer film was typified by a uniform dense microstructure with minimal defects, and a smooth, nano-scale fine grain, crack and pinhole free surface morphology. At elevated processing temperature, there was negligible elemental interdiffusion at the interface between the substrate and buffer layer as verified by Rutherford Backscatter Spectroscopy and Auger Spectroscopy, ensuring long-term reliability of the heterostructure. By developing a passive, thin film material that is microwave friendly, we have demonstrated the direct integration of paraelectric active thin films With Silicon Substrates. This should allow phase shifter materials technology to be implemented across a wide spectrum of Army and commercial applications, specifically, affordable, mobile phased array antenna systems for a variety of DoD applications. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Nothwang, WD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-781-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 833 BP 17 EP 28 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BCH83 UT WOS:000229338900003 ER PT J AU Wallace, RF Kriebel, D Punnett, L Wegman, DH Wenger, CB Gardner, JW Gonzalez, RR AF Wallace, RF Kriebel, D Punnett, L Wegman, DH Wenger, CB Gardner, JW Gonzalez, RR TI The effects of continuous hot weather training on risk of exertional heat illness SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; case-crossover study; heat index; exercise; heat stroke; heat exhaustion ID CASE-CROSSOVER AB Purpose: To determine whether cumulative daily average wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index, over one or two preceding days, is a better measure for predicting cases of exertional heat illness (EHI) than current daily average WBGT, which is the standard heat index used by the Marine Corps; and to identify the most accurate index of heat stress to prevent and predict future cases of EHI. Methods: A case-crossover study was conducted in male and female Marine Corps recruits in basic training at Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Island, SC. Weather measurements were obtained for 2069 cases of EHI during 1979-1997 and for randomly selected control periods before and after each EHI episode. Results: The risk of EHI increased with WBGT (OR = 1.11 degreesF(-1); 95% CI, 1.10 - 1.13). EHI risk was associated not only with the WBGT at the time of the event (OR = 1.10 degreesF(- 1); 95% CI, 1.08 - 1.11) but with the previous day's average WBGT as well (OR = 1.03 degreesF(-1); 95% CI, 1.02 - 1.05). Alternative combinations of WBGT components were identified that better predicted EHI risk. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence for a cumulative effect of previous day's heat exposure on EHI risk in these Marine Corps recruits. A simple index for use in predicting EHI risk is proposed that includes the dry-bulb temperature and the relative humidity. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Biophys & Biomed Modeling Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Work Environm, Sch Hlth & Environm, Lowell, MA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Wallace, RF (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Biophys & Biomed Modeling Div, 42 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM robert.wallace@na.amedd.army.mil NR 22 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 84 EP 90 DI 10.1249/01.MSS.0000150018.90213.AA PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 886RS UT WOS:000226246600014 PM 15632673 ER PT J AU Bozue, JA Parthasarathy, N Phillips, LR Cote, CK Fellows, PF Mendelson, I Shafferman, A Friedlander, AM AF Bozue, JA Parthasarathy, N Phillips, LR Cote, CK Fellows, PF Mendelson, I Shafferman, A Friedlander, AM TI Construction of a rhamnose mutation in Bacillus anthracis affects adherence to macrophages but not virulence in guinea pigs SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis; anthrax; spores; exosporium; rhamnose; rml genes ID COLLAGEN-LIKE REGION; DTDP-RHAMNOSE; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; GENOME SEQUENCE; CELL-WALLS; EXOSPORIUM; CEREUS; SPORES; IDENTIFICATION AB Carbohydrate analyses of whole-spore extracts have confirmed the presence of rhamnose in the spore of the fully virulent Ames strain of bacillus anthracis. A gene cluster containing loci with high homology to the rhamnose biosynthetic genes, rmlACBD, was identified within the B. anthracis chromosome. The first gene of this cluster, rmlA, was inactivated by forming a merodiploid cointegrate using an internal fragment of the gene within the Ames strain of B. anthracis to construct the mutant strain Ames-JAB1. Carbohydrate analysis of spores from this mutant demonstrated the loss of rhamnose. When assaying for spore infection of macrophages, we detected a significant decrease in the recovery with the Ames-JAB1 strain compared to the recovery with the Ames wild-type strain. When pre-treating macrophages with cytochalasin-D, spores of the mutant were further hindered in recovery, indicating that the spores were not able to bind as well to the macrophages. However, in guinea pigs challenge experiments, no difference in virulence was observed between the mutant and wild-type si rains. These results suggest that the incorporation of rhamnose into the spore coat of B. anthracis is required for optimal interaction with macrophages but is not required for full virulence in this animal model. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, Div Canc Treatment & Diagnosis, Dev Therapeut Program, Biol Testing Branch, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Israel Inst Biol Res, IL-70450 Ness Ziona, Israel. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. RP Bozue, JA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM joel.bozue@us.army.mil FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-5600] NR 41 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 38 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.micpath.2004.10.001 PG 12 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 893BT UT WOS:000226695000001 PM 15652290 ER PT J AU Morgan, B Waits, CM Ghodssi, R AF Morgan, B Waits, CM Ghodssi, R TI Compensated aspect ratio dependent etching (CARDE) using gray-scale technology SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE DRIE; aspect ratio dependent etching; gray-scale lithography; 3D structures; phase Fresnel lens ID MEMS STRUCTURES; PLASMA ETCHER AB We report a photoresist offset method using gray-scale technology to counteract the effect of aspect ratio dependent etching (ARDE), achieving controlled etch depths across a range of aspect ratios. Previously, we have reported the first fabrication of a deep phase Fresnel lens (PFL) in silicon through the use of gray-scale technology. As each PFL ridge becomes thinner at larger radii of the PFL, ARDE causes a significant reduction in profile accuracy. Thus, in this paper, a compensated aspect ratio dependent etching (CARDS) process is proposed and demonstrated to enable controlled ridge heights/depths on large diameter PFLs containing a variety of ridge widths. A compensation function is used during optical mask design to incorporate a photoresist offset, defining wide ridges with higher gray levels to locally modulate the time of etching, effectively giving thin ridges a head start during the etch. Multiple PFL profiles, both compensated and uncompensated, are designed and fabricated. Using a phasor-based profile evaluation method, PFLs fabricated using the CARDS process are shown to exhibit an increase in profile accuracy and calculated lens efficiency. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, MEMS Sensors & Actuators Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ghodssi, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, MEMS Sensors & Actuators Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Syst Res Inst, AV Williams Bldg,Rm 1357, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ghodssi@eng.umd.edu NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 77 IS 1 BP 85 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.mee.2004.09.004 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 879PN UT WOS:000225729800015 ER PT S AU Norton, AG Deshmukh, SR Wetzel, ED Vlachos, DG AF Norton, AG Deshmukh, SR Wetzel, ED Vlachos, DG BE Wang, Y Holladay, JD TI Downsizing chemical processes for portable hydrogen production SO MICROREACTOR TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESS INTENSIFICATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microreactor Technology and Process Intensification held at the 226th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID COMBUSTION; OXIDATION; IGNITION; DECOMPOSITION; FABRICATION; EXTINCTION; STABILITY; MIXTURES; PLATINUM; AMMONIA AB Various exothermic and endothermic components of a portable hydrogen production system are explored through modeling and experiments. Gas phase combustion in a microburner to generate energy needed for hydrogen generation by endothermic reactions is first studied. An elliptic computational fluid dynamics model of a microburner is used to determine the effects of wall conductivity, external heat losses, choice of fuel, and operating conditions on the steady state, self-sustained gaseous flame stability of propane/air and methane/air mixtures. Experimental prototype catalytic microburners are subsequently evaluated to determine the range of operating conditions for stabilized catalytic combustion of propane/air mixtures. It appears that the dimensions of microburners have a strong effect on performance. Finally, catalytic, post microreactors for the production of hydrogen from ammonia decomposition over ruthenium catalyst are modeled using a hierarchy of models. Good agreement of simulation predictions with experimental data is observed. Important issues in the design of the above components are identified. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Catalyt Sci & Technol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Norton, AG (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3923-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 914 BP 179 EP 193 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BDN84 UT WOS:000234536000011 ER PT S AU Vallestero, N Canales, P Meshal, A Ricklin, J AF Vallestero, Neil Canales, Peter Meshal, Azza Ricklin, Jennifer GP IEEE TI Bandwidth enabling laser communications for the army tactical network SO MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2005) CY OCT, 2005 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE AB Current on-the-move network applications rely heavily on RF solutions to maintain mobility while providing adequate voice, video and data solutions. These applications demand the ability to quickly establish a network infrastructure and to be able to break down and move on when required. While existing RF technologies allow the user to remain mobile in the field, the future of on-the-move communications will demand a higher bandwidth than the current RF solutions can handle. This paper will explore the current efforts being made by the Army in the exploration of laser communications as a solution for these high bandwidth applications. C1 USA, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. RP Vallestero, N (reprint author), USA, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-9393-7 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2005 BP 196 EP 200 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFL76 UT WOS:000242920500031 ER PT S AU Graff, CJ Giardina, C AF Graff, Charles J. Giardina, Charles GP IEEE TI Dynamic Petri-Nets: A new modeling technique for sensor networks and distributed concurrent systems SO MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2005) CY OCT, 2005 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE AB This paper introduces and describes a new extension to Petri-Nets that enable additional mechanisms for the modeling of dynamic distributed and concurrent behavior. The extensions provide for the creation and destruction of conventional Petri-Net Places and Transitions inducing dynamic behavior of Petri-Net operation. Thus the structure of the Petri-Net, i.e. the interconnection of Places and Transitions, will evolve over time. The paper introduces specific rules,for the Place/Transition modifications, and presents some new and well known properties of Petri-Nets under these modifications. A Many Sorted Algebraic model of the DPN is presented that formally describes the techniques and relationships presented informally. Finally, an example of the use of these extensions is included. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Graff, CJ (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-9393-7 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2005 BP 506 EP 512 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFL76 UT WOS:000242920500079 ER PT S AU Orpilla, M Palumbo, J Thomas, S Eby, I Franklin, W AF Orpilla, Mont Palumbo, Jeffrey Thomas, Scott Eby, Ivan Franklin, Wayne GP IEEE TI A geographically-aware, reliable multicast protocol for tactical sensor networks SO MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2005) CY OCT, 2005 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE AB This paper investigates a geographic addressing and routing mechanism developed at the US Army's Communications-Electronics Research, Development and Engineering Center (CERDEC) in Fort Monmouth, NJ under an innovative research collaboration project with Trident Systems Inc., Fairfax, VA.. Developed to support applications in military sensor networks, the Geographic Wireless Reliable Multicast (GeOWiReM) protocol uses an on-demand, mesh-based multicast routing protocol as the forwarding mechanism to deliver packets to ad hoc regions of interest delimited by geographic position. Key to this innovative technology is the ability to establish dynamic group memberships on demand; a capability which enables a user to identify message recipients without required pre-configuration. In an operational application, such dynamic groups can be defined by simply highlighting a desired area on the map instead of associating IP addresses or Node IDs to a preconfigured multicast group. In order to support the reliability and efficiency requirements demanded of a tactical military, application, GeoWiReM employs such mechanisms as passive and negative acknowledgments (HACK), selective retransmission for missing or corrupt data, implosion avoidance and local recovery. Though developed for use in sensor and munitions networks, the flexibility of the protocol design can be employed in a wide variety of potential applications. This paper will examine the salient features of the Geo-WiReM protocol and assess its performance using modeling and,simulation techniques. C1 USA, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. RP Orpilla, M (reprint author), USA, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-9393-7 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2005 BP 590 EP 595 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFL76 UT WOS:000242920500092 ER PT S AU Klose, DR Mayk, I Chan, A Mai, M Negaran, H AF Klose, Dirk R. Mayk, Israel Chan, Andrew Mai, Mike Negaran, Hobbie GP IEEE TI Cognitive interoperability and decision making in network-centric coalition force environments - " SINCE Web-based collaboration portal (WCP) experimentation results" SO MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2005) CY OCT, 2005 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE AB A key tenant for US transformation to a Network-Centric Future Force is the ability to conduct real-time, continuous, collaborative Command and Control (C2) mission planning and operations management activities during the execution of joint and coalition force operations. In a lower echelon coalition force environment conduct of collaborative operations presents many significant technical and multi-cultural problems and issues. The military units comprising a coalition force often have significantly differing technical C2 and information distribution support capabilities i.e. - from highly automated to unsophisticated man intensive systems. Additionally, these multi-cultural units are also trained to fight differently, and at lower echelons have limited multi-language communication skills. Even when a coalition partner has a rudimentary knowledge of another nation's language, understanding problems occur during C2 information exchanges. Usually C2 information exchanges are interpreted in terms of national operational doctrine, tactics and procedures not common to the entire coalition force. While US transformation to a Network - Centric Force will foster establishment of the communication networks needed to support collaborative C2 coordination activities between different echelons of a joint and coalition force, the cognitive interoperability and information/situation understanding issues occurring still needs resolution. In this paper we will discuss the results of experimentation activities between the US and Germany that focus directly on finding solutions for improving cognitive interoperability during the execution of real-time collaborative mission planning and management activities in the conduct of Brigade, Battalion and below coalition operations. C1 USA, C2D, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Klose, DR (reprint author), USA, C2D, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-9393-7 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2005 BP 2406 EP 2412 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFL76 UT WOS:000242920503065 ER PT S AU Frederick, P Kania, R Del Rose, M Ward, D Benz, U Baylot, A Willis, J Yamauchi, H AF Frederick, Philip Kania, Robert Del Rose, Mike Ward, Derek Benz, Ursula Baylot, Alex Willis, John Yamauchi, Harold GP IEEE TI Spaceborne path planning for Unmanned Ground Vehicles(UGVs) SO MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2005) CY OCT, 2005 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE AB The combination of high-resolution multi-spectral satellite imagery and advanced COTS object-oriented image processing software provides for an automated terrain feature extraction and classification capability. This information, along with elevation data, infrared imagery, a vehicle mobility model and various meta-data (local weather reports, Zobler Soil map, etc...), is fed into automated path planning software to provide a stand-alone ability to generate rapidly updateable dynamic mobility maps for Manned or Unmanned Ground Vehicles (MGVs or UGVs). These polygon based mobility maps can reside on an individual platform or a tactical network. When new information is available, change files are generated and ingested into existing mobility maps based on user selected criteria. Bandwidth concerns are mitigated by the use of shape files for the representation of the data (e.g. each object in the scene is represented by a shape file and thus can be transmitted individually). User input (desired level of stealth, required time of arrival, etc...) determines the priority in which objects are tagged for updates. This technology was tested at Fort Knox, Kentucky October 11th - 15th 2004. Satellite imagery was acquired in a near-real-time fashion for the selected test site. Portions of the resulting geo-rectified image were compared with surveyed range locations to assess the accuracy of the approach. The derived UGV Path Plans were ingested into a Stryker UGV and the routes were autonomously traversed. This paper will detail the feasibility of this approach based of the results of this testing. C1 USA, Tank Automot Res & Dev Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Frederick, P (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot Res & Dev Ctr, 6501 E 11 Mile Rd,AMSRD TAR R MS 264, Warren, MI 48397 USA. EM frederip@tacom.army.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-9393-7 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2005 BP 3134 EP 3141 PG 8 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFL76 UT WOS:000242920504069 ER PT S AU Shah, D Khalil, D Hand, J Parikh, B AF Shah, Dhaval Khalil, Dave Hand, James Parikh, Bharat GP IEEE TI IP modem applications in US Army networks SO MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2005) CY OCT, 2005 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE AB Department of Defense (DoD) communications requirements are moving rapidly towards an all Internet Protocol (IP) infrastructure in support of network-centric communications architectures which will provide flexibility and an array of services to the Warfighter. The US Army is deploying IP Modem technology and products to the battlefield, supporting user communication services and applications ranging from Voice over IP (VoIP), Video, data, web access, email, database concurrency, and others. This paper presents the various user requirements for the US Army and explores new capabilities that must be incorporated and standardized in order to fulfill the complete range of user requirements. It provides real world experiences from deployment and testing of shared IP systems over transponded satellites. This paper will also discuss a recommended way forward for incorporating critical management interface functionality that will provide for an integrated control concept. C1 USA, PM DCATS, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. RP Shah, D (reprint author), USA, PM DCATS, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-9393-7 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2005 BP 3274 EP 3279 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFL76 UT WOS:000242920504091 ER PT J AU Holcomb, JB Niles, SE Miller, CC Hinds, D Duke, JH Moore, FA AF Holcomb, JB Niles, SE Miller, CC Hinds, D Duke, JH Moore, FA TI Prehospital Physiologic data and lifesaving interventions in trauma patients SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual Gary P Wratten Surgical Symposium CY APR 08-10, 2002 CL Washington, DC ID FIELD TRIAGE; INJURED PATIENTS; PREDICTION; CRITERIA; VICTIMS; SYSTEM; SCORE; RULE; CARE; INSTRUMENTS AB Background: The ability to accurately triage trauma patients can be difficult in the prehospital environment. Prehospital trauma scoring systems have been developed with a goal of determining which patients should be transported immediately to a trauma center, thus benefiting from critical personnel and resource-intensive lifesaving interventions (LSIs). A resource-based endpoint, LSIs, therefore might be the optimal endpoint of prehospital triage scoring and could be used to determine where patients are transported. We hypothesized that simple physiologic data available immediately upon scene arrival would prove predictive of the need for a LSI. Methods: Trauma patients transported from the injury scene by helicopter were eligible for entry into the study. Prehospital physiologic data and interventions were timed and recorded by flight medical personnel., whereas hospital vital signs, injuries, and interventions were prospectively recorded from the inpatient records. The motor component of the Glasgow Coma Scale was used as an indicator of neurologic function. LSIs were procedures deemed lifesaving by a multidisciplinary panel of trauma experts. Results: Physiologic data were collected from August 2001 to February 2002. Data were collected for 216 random patients transported by the Life Flight helicopter service. There were no differences between LSI and non-LSI patients in age, gender, or transport time, and 80 patients underwent 197 LSIs. The mean age was 33 +/- 17 years, 73% of patients were male, 90% suffered blunt injury, the injury severity score was 14 +/- 9, hypotension (systolic blood pressure of <90 mm Hg) was present in 14% of cases, and the mortality rate was 6%. Penetrating injury and increasing injury severity score were associated with LSI.. Univariate analysis of the physiologic data immediately available in the field revealed that SBP of <90 mm Hg, motor score of <6, delayed capillary refill, and increasing pulse were significantly associated with a LSI. However, multivariate analysis revealed that only SBP of <90 mm Hg and motor score of <6 were associated with a LSI. When both variables were abnormal, 95% of patients required a LSI; when both variables were normal, 21% of patients required a LSI. Conclusions: The presence of hypotension or decreased motor score was correlated with the need for LSIs. However, normotensive patients with normal motor scores still frequently required LSIs. Optimal discrimination of this group of patients will require new analytic approaches. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 22089 USA. RP Holcomb, JB (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM John.Holcomb@amedd.army.mil NR 39 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 170 IS 1 BP 7 EP 13 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JG UT WOS:000235830800002 PM 15724847 ER PT J AU Mazuji, N Chaffin, JG Beer, RR Mangelsdorff, AD AF Mazuji, N Chaffin, JG Beer, RR Mangelsdorff, AD TI Army junior dental officer retention SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Objectives: The objectives of the survey were to quantify the extent of indebtedness of junior dental officers and to determine the impact of a loan repayment program on career decisions. Methods: We designed a customized survey instrument because no preexisting, validated, survey instrument was available. A query was performed in the Medical Operations Data System to identify all captains (0-3) currently on active duty in the Army (N=348). The survey sample included 64 junior officers with a 2000 date of rank to captain (0-3), of whom only 52 were in the Medical Command Outlook address book or the Army Knowledge Online white pages. The questionnaire was sent out to these targeted junior dental officers through their official e-mail accounts. Dentists assigned to Korea and to dental field units do not use the same e-mail system as the rest of the Dental Command; therefore, their addresses were not available. In an attempt to increase response rates, commanders were asked to emphasize the importance of responding to the questionnaire. Results: From the sample population of 52 officers who were queried directly, 34 responses were received, for a response rate of 65%. However, commanders forwarded the survey to all Dental Command captains and 102 responses were received. The respondents represented 30% of the total Army inventory of captains; 92% of respondents reported that they had dental school loans, with 43% reporting loans in excess of $50,000. The average dental school indebtedness was approximately $60,700. More than 60% of all respondents reported that loan repayment could change their minds about remaining on active duty. Officers riot included in the original sample rated the impact of loan repayment statistically higher than did officers in the original sample. Conclusions: The findings were that the majority of junior Army dental officers had significant student loans and many of these officers indicated that they would consider remaining on active duty if loan repayment or other monetary inducements were offered. C1 USA, Dent Corp, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USA, Med Serv Corp, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USA, Program Hlth Care Adm, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Mazuji, N (reprint author), USA, Dent Corp, 2050 Worth Rd,Suite 4, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 170 IS 1 BP 21 EP 25 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JG UT WOS:000235830800004 PM 15724849 ER PT J AU Robbins, AS Chao, SY Frost, LZ Fonseca, VP AF Robbins, AS Chao, SY Frost, LZ Fonseca, VP TI Unplanned pregnancy among active duty servicewomen, US Air Force, 2001 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; WOMEN AB Unplanned pregnancy is a major public health problem in the United States. Although the U.S. Air Force has the highest proportion of active duty women of any of the U.S. military services, there are no published data on the occurrence of unplanned pregnancy among active duty Air Force (ADAF) women. Civilian female interviewers conducted telephone interviews with a random sample of 2,348 ADAF women during early 2002, using questions that were closely based on the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. During 2001, approximately 12% of ADAF women had one or more pregnancies. By National Survey of Family Growth criteria, approximately 54% of these pregnancies were unplanned. Thus, approximately 7% of ADAF women had one or more unplanned pregnancies during 2001. Roughly one-half of unplanned pregnancies represented contraceptive nonuse and the other half represented contraceptive failure or misuse. Unplanned pregnancy is a serious and frequently occurring problem among ADAF women, with many opportunities for prevention. C1 USA, Populat Hlth Support Div, Med Support Agcy, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Robbins, AS (reprint author), David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 170 IS 1 BP 38 EP 43 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JG UT WOS:000235830800007 PM 15724852 ER PT J AU Dubick, MA Brooks, DE Macaitis, JM Bice, TG Moreau, AR Holcomb, JB AF Dubick, MA Brooks, DE Macaitis, JM Bice, TG Moreau, AR Holcomb, JB TI Evaluation of commercially available fluid-warming devices for use in forward surgical and combat areas SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TRAUMA PATIENTS; BLOOD WARMERS; HYPOTHERMIA AB The fluid-warming capabilities of four individual fluid warmers, i.e., Level 1, FMS 2000, Thermal Angel, and Ranger, were compared to evaluate their potential for medical use in forward military echelons of care. Lactated Ringer's solution (LR) and Hextend at room temperature (20 degrees C) or refrigerated temperature (4-7 degrees C) and packed red blood cells at 4 degrees C to 7 degrees C were used with each warmer at two different flow rates. The FMS 2000 consistently warmed all fluids to approximately 37 degrees C, regardless of the starting temperature or flow rate. The Level 1 and Ranger also efficiently warmed all fluids except cold LR to approximately 37 degrees C. The Thermal Angel generally warmed room temperature fluid, cold Hextend, and packed red blood cells to at least 33 degrees C to 34 degrees C but could not warm cold LR. The clinical standard is to have fluids warmed to 32 degrees C at a minimum and more preferably to 34 degrees C to 35 degrees C. Of the fluid warmers tested, only the Thermal Angel failed to achieve such a temperature in warming cold LR. Data from the present study suggest the Ranger and FMS 2000 to be operationally adaptable to at least echelons 1 and 2, respectively, whereas far-forward use of the Thermal Angel has limitations. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Dubick, MA (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 170 IS 1 BP 76 EP 82 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JG UT WOS:000235830800014 PM 15724859 ER PT J AU Butkus, MA Starke, JA Bowman, DD Labare, M Fogarty, EA Lucio-Forster, A Barbi, J Jenkins, MB Pavlo, M AF Butkus, MA Starke, JA Bowman, DD Labare, M Fogarty, EA Lucio-Forster, A Barbi, J Jenkins, MB Pavlo, M TI Do iodine water purification tablets provide an effective barrier against Cryptosporidium parvum? SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EFFICACY; OUTBREAK; OOCYSTS; GIARDIA AB U.S. Army Iodine Water Purification Tablets were tested to determine their efficacy against Cryptosporidium parvum, a protozoan resistant to chemical disinfection. Purified oocysts in phosphate-buffered water were treated with varying concentrations of iodine or with iodine tablets as per U.S. Army protocol. Neonatal mouse pups were then each inoculated with 10,000 treated oocysts, and 1 week later scored as infected or uninfected. Using this methodology, iodine tablets were found to be inadequate against C. parvum because the Army doctrinal dose of 560 mg min/L, calculated as 16 mg of I-2/L and 35 minutes of contact time, showed less than 1 log inactivation. A dose of 29 mg of I-2/L at the same contact time was required to achieve a 2 log inactivation. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Chem & Life Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Butkus, MA (reprint author), 24 3rd Infantry Rd, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 170 IS 1 BP 83 EP 86 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JG UT WOS:000235830800015 PM 15724860 ER PT J AU McNeill, M Vaughn, BL Brundage, MB Li, YZ Poropatich, RK Gaydos, JC AF McNeill, M Vaughn, BL Brundage, MB Li, YZ Poropatich, RK Gaydos, JC TI Clinical presentations for influenza and influenza-like illness in young, immunized soldiers SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 24-27, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GA ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; US MILITARY; EPIDEMIC; VACCINES AB Concern about respiratory diseases in soldiers increased in the late 1990s as production of the successful adenovirus vaccines stopped and the possibilities of an emergent pandemic influenza strain and use of bioweapons by terrorists were seriously considered. Current information on the causes and severity of influenza-like illness (ILI) was lacking. Viral agents and clinical presentations were described in a population of soldiers highly immunized for influenza. Using standard virus isolation techniques, 10 agents were identified in 164 (48.2%) of 340 soldiers hospitalized for ILI. Influenza isolates (29) and adenoviruses (98) occurred most frequently. Most influenza cases were caused by influenza A and probably resulted from a mismatch between circulating and vaccine viruses. Most (58.5%) patients with an adenovirus had a chest radiograph; 31.3% of these had an infiltrate. Clinical findings did not differentiate ILI caused by the various agents. Only 29 cases of influenza occurred in similar to 7,200 person-years of observation, supporting the use of influenza vaccine. C1 Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS 39215 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Allied Technol Grp Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP McNeill, M (reprint author), Mississippi Dept Hlth, 570 E Woodrow Wilson,POB 1700, Jackson, MS 39215 USA. EM mmeneill@msdh.state.ms.us NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 170 IS 1 BP 94 EP 97 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JG UT WOS:000235830800017 ER PT J AU Buckshaw, DL Parnell, GS Unkenholz, WL Parks, DL Wallner, JM Saydjari, OS AF Buckshaw, DL Parnell, GS Unkenholz, WL Parks, DL Wallner, JM Saydjari, OS TI Mission oriented risk and design analysis of critical information systems SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Future military operations are becoming increasingly dependent on critical information systems. This paper describes a value-based information assurance methodology for Mission Oriented Risk and Design Analysis (MORDA) of information systems. The MORDA methodology was developed from 1998 to 2005 and has been successfully applied on seven major Department of Defense risk assessment studies, including a Joint Staff J6 mandated risk assessment of the Global Command and Control System. MORDA is a quantitative risk assessment and risk management process that uses risk analysis techniques and multiple objective decision analysis models to evaluate information system designs. MORDA models include adversary models; attacks trees; user models; service provider models; and integration and analysis models. The process provides a method for determining an optimum allocation of system design and operation resources that will ensure an operable information system in a hostile and malicious operating environment. MORDA uses subject matter expert teams from various disciplines to collect data and incorporates expert knowledge on adversaries, information systems technologies, and operation of the information system in the mission environment. The availability of key experts and cross-discipline teamwork are critical elements of the process. C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM dbuckshaw@innovativedecisions.com; gregory.parnell@usma.edu; jwallner@cyberdefenseagency.com; ssaydjari@CyberDefenseAgency.com NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2005 VL 10 IS 2 BP 19 EP 38 PG 20 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 960LE UT WOS:000231591200002 ER PT J AU Adler, AB Thomas, JL Castro, CA AF Adler, AB Thomas, JL Castro, CA TI Measuring up: Comparing self-reports with unit records for assessing soldier performance SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; DEPRESSION; AGREEMENT; HEALTH AB Objective indicators are considered to be the most reliable and inherently valid indicators of performance, but such data can be difficult and expensive to collect. It is also not certain whether objective data archived in organizational records are the "gold standard" metric they are often touted to be. This study compared self-report data obtained from active duty soldiers (N = 433) to their data maintained in organizational records. Performance measures included (a) demonstration of effort (i.e., number of military awards), (b) physical health and fitness (i.e., army physical fitness test score, number of sick call visits, duty restriction for health reasons), (c) soldiering proficiency (i.e., individual weapon qualification score), and (d) personal discipline (i.e., violation of the Uniform Code of Military Justice, cases of indebtedness, and substance abuse counseling referral). Slight to moderate concordance was found between all self-report and unit records of soldier performance. When there was a misclassification, the majority of soldier self-reports demonstrated positive bias for measures that were directly job related in the Army (e.g., M 16 rifle qualification performance and physical fitness). However, there were also cases of negative bias for other aspects of performance (e.g., sick call, indebtedness, substance abuse referral). In general, results from previous research linking positive self-presentation with positive affect and job attitudes were not replicated. The role of errors in both archival records and self-reported data are discussed, along with implications for developing a gold standard method of collecting performance data. C1 USA, Med Res Unit Europe, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, APO, AE 09042 USA. RP Adler, AB (reprint author), USA, Med Res Unit Europe, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, APO, AE 09042 USA. EM amy.adler@us.army.mil NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 BP 3 EP 24 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1701_2 PG 22 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 895NA UT WOS:000226868800001 ER PT J AU Marshburn, TH Rollin, SA AF Marshburn, TH Rollin, SA TI The motivational orientation of Army aviators SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC MOTIVATION; EXTRINSIC REWARDS; METAANALYSIS AB This study examined the motivational orientation of U.S. Army aviators as well as their preferences and expectations for future flight experience. A sample of 116 aviators-in-training enrolled in the Army's Initial Entry Rotary Wing aviator course at Fort Rucker, Alabama, participated in the study. Despite the occupational paradigm for each type of aviator (e.g., commissioned officers will typically focus on administrative and leadership skills, whereas warrant officers will typically specialize on individual piloting skills) and current Army policies focused on warrant officer aviator retention (e.g., additional monetary compensation), it was hypothesized that the aviators would not significantly differ with respect to these variables. A multivariate analysis of variance indicated that commissioned officer and warrant officer aviators did not significantly differ with respect to motivational orientation, preferences for future flight experience, and expectations of future flight experience. Hierarchical regression models were then developed to determine the relative importance of gender, officer type, and motivational orientation toward the prediction of preferences for and expectations of future flight experience. Motivational orientation contributed significantly to the prediction of preferences, whereas officer type contributed significantly to the prediction of expectations of future flight experience. Implications of these findings with respect to retention and job satisfaction, as well as methodological limitations,of the study and future research directions, are reported. C1 US Mil Acad, Official Mail & Distribut Ctr, MADN, BSL,Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Educ Psychol & Learning Syst, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Marshburn, TH (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Official Mail & Distribut Ctr, MADN, BSL,Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, 646 Swift Rd, W Point, NY 10996 USA. EM Todd.Marshburn@usma.edu NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2005 VL 17 IS 2 BP 69 EP 87 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1702_1 PG 19 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 928KF UT WOS:000229269700001 ER PT J AU Castro, CA Adler, AB AF Castro, CA Adler, AB TI Preface to the special issue SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neuropsychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, USA, Med Res Unit Europe, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Castro, CA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neuropsychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM carl.castro@na.amedd.army.mil NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2005 VL 17 IS 3 BP 131 EP 136 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1703_1 PG 6 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 968XV UT WOS:000232197400001 ER PT J AU Thomas, JL Adler, AB Castro, CA AF Thomas, JL Adler, AB Castro, CA TI Measuring operations tempo and relating it to military performance SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 109th Annual Convention of the American-Psychological-Association CY AUG 24-28, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Psychol Assoc ID JOB-PERFORMANCE; SELF-EFFICACY; STRESSORS; MODERATOR; HEALTH; WORK AB Previous research has found that the way in which work overload correlates with performance differs depending on how it is measured. Workload correlates positively with performance, whereas role overload does not. For the military, the concept of work overload is particularly relevant because of the heightened levels of operations tempo across three military environments: garrison, training, and deployment. This study surveyed 695 military personnel in all 3 environments and compared work overload reports with archived and self-report measures of performance. In general, results revealed that workload correlated positively with performance, whereas role overload was not correlated with performance. There was also some evidence of a moderating effect of military environment on the work overload-performance relation. The implication for treating the 2 components of workload and role overload as distinct and assessing the role of the work context are discussed. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, USA, Med Res Unit Europe, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neuropsychiat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Thomas, JL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Jeffrey.L.Thomas@us.army.mil NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2005 VL 17 IS 3 BP 137 EP 156 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1703_2 PG 20 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 968XV UT WOS:000232197400002 ER PT J AU Dolan, CA Adler, AB Thomas, JL Castro, CA AF Dolan, CA Adler, AB Thomas, JL Castro, CA TI Operations tempo and soldier health: The moderating effect of wellness behavior SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 109th Annual Convention of the American-Psychological-Association CY AUG 24-28, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Psychol Assoc ID PHYSICAL-EXERCISE; SOCIAL SUPPORT; ALCOHOL-USE; COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; DEPRESSION; STRESS; FITNESS; MODEL; MOOD AB Several variables have been identified as buffering the impact of workload on health. This study focused on the role of wellness behaviors, specifically physical exercise and sleep, in moderating this impact. The study hypothesized that both sleep and exercise would moderate the impact of work hours on health; it also examined the role of alcohol use as a moderator. U.S. soldiers (N = 1,422) were surveyed on a range of topics related to well-being and workload. Multiple regression results partially supported the hypotheses. Physical exercise was a significant moderator of work hours for both psychological and physical health outcomes, whereas sleep moderated only psychological health outcomes. Low alcohol use moderated the impact of work hours on physical symptoms but only when work hours were short. This article discusses the use of wellness behaviors as a strategy for coping with workload and the need for understanding the role of alcohol use during periods of relatively low workload. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neuropsychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, USA, Med Res Unit Europe, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Adler, AB (reprint author), Med Res Unit, CMR 442, APO, AE 09042 USA. EM cdolan@faculty.ed.umuc.edu; amy.adler@us.army.mil NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2005 VL 17 IS 3 BP 157 EP 174 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1703_3 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 968XV UT WOS:000232197400003 ER PT J AU Huffman, AH Adler, AB Dolan, CA Castro, CA AF Huffman, AH Adler, AB Dolan, CA Castro, CA TI The impact of operations tempo on turnover intentions of army personnel SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 109th Annual Convention of the American-Psychological-Association CY AUG 24-28, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Psychol Assoc ID EMPLOYEE TURNOVER; SELF-REPORTS; MODEL AB Previous research has found inconsistent links between operations tempo (OPTEMPO) and turnover in military personnel. This study addressed these inconsistent findings by including different operational definitions of retention, assessing whether the relation between OPTEMPO and turnover is curvilinear, and examining the impact of subjective perceptions of OPTEMPO on turnover. U.S. soldiers stationed in Europe were surveyed (N = 288) and interviewed (n = 177). Career intentions closely matched actual retention behavior as measured in archival records. Both perceptions of role overload related to OPTEMPO and workload measures of OPTEMPO were linked with career decision. Role overload related to work hours was associated with turnover, whereas a workload measure was not. Number of temporary duty (TDY) days was found to be curvilinear in relation to retention. Qualitative data identified similar reasons for turnover and retention across rank groups, but the way in which these reasons were processed differed by rank. Future research needs to consider rank, work context, definitions, and perceptions of OPTEMPO, as well as the influence of TDY days on turnover decisions. C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Psychol & Business, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neuropsychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Psychol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, USA, Med Res Unit Europe, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Huffman, AH (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Psychol & Business, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM carl.castro@na.amedd.army.mil NR 32 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2005 VL 17 IS 3 BP 175 EP 202 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1703_4 PG 28 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 968XV UT WOS:000232197400004 ER PT J AU Adams, GA Durand, DB Burrell, L Teitelbaum, JM Pehrson, KL Hawkins, JP AF Adams, GA Durand, DB Burrell, L Teitelbaum, JM Pehrson, KL Hawkins, JP TI Direct and indirect effects of operations tempo on outcomes for soldiers and spouses SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 109th Annual Convention of the American-Psychological-Association CY AUG 24-28, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Psychol Assoc ID WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT; ORGANIZATIONAL-BEHAVIOR; LIFE SATISFACTION; MODEL; JOB; CONSEQUENCES; DEPLOYMENTS; ANTECEDENTS; VALIDATION; INTERFACE AB The purpose of this article was to integrate 2 models linking work and family. The first model, coming primarily from the military literature, suggested that working conditions are directly related to outcomes. The second model, found primarily in the civilian literature, suggested that in addition to being directly related, working conditions are also related to outcomes indirectly through work-family conflict (WFC). An integrated model including both direct and indirect relations was developed and then tested using separate samples of soldiers and spouses. Generally, the results support the integrated model in that both direct and indirect relations were found. Across both samples, working conditions associated with operations tempo had a direct relation to Army outcomes and an indirect relation, through WFC, to family outcomes. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neuropsychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Sch Social Work, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Sch Anthropol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Adams, GA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, 800 Algoma Blvd, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. EM adamsg@uwosh.edu NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 13 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2005 VL 17 IS 3 BP 229 EP 246 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1703_6 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 968XV UT WOS:000232197400006 ER PT J AU Zhang, XM Chiu, J Kong, XT Melamed, J Twiss, C Lee, P AF Zhang, XM Chiu, J Kong, XT Melamed, J Twiss, C Lee, P TI Upregulated expression of androgen receptor (AR) specific transcription compressors in prostate cancer SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US Canadian Acad Pathol C1 CUNY, Sch Med, New York, NY 10031 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 18 SU 1 MA 808 BP 174A EP 175A PG 2 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 884WR UT WOS:000226117900809 ER PT J AU Jacobson, ER Janiec, DJ Spaulding, L Blaszyk, H AF Jacobson, ER Janiec, DJ Spaulding, L Blaszyk, H TI Histologic variation of grade and stage of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in liver biopsies obtained from obese patients during gastric bypass surgery SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 18 SU 1 MA 1295 BP 280A EP 280A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 884WR UT WOS:000226117901448 ER PT B AU Elson, CO Dertzbaugh, MT AF Elson, Charles O. Dertzbaugh, Mark T. BE Mestecky, J Lamm, ME Strober, W Bienenstock, J McGhee, JR Mayer, L TI Mucosal Adjuvants SO MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TOXIN-B-SUBUNIT; HEAT-LABILE ENTEROTOXIN; INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BACTERIAL PROTEIN ANTIGEN; ORAL CHOLERA VACCINATION; ADP-RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY; EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; INFLUENZA-VIRUS HEMAGGLUTININ; SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS C1 [Elson, Charles O.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Dertzbaugh, Mark T.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Elson, CO (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 224 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-045426-9; 978-0-12-491543-5 PY 2005 BP 967 EP 986 DI 10.1016/B978-012491543-5/50058-9 PG 20 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA BCR49 UT WOS:000311099400058 ER PT S AU Werrlein, RJ Braue, CR Dillman, JF AF Werrlein, RJ Braue, CR Dillman, JF BE Periasamy, A So, PTC TI Multiphoton imaging the disruptive nature of sulfur mustard lesions SO Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences V CY JAN 23-25, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Carl Zeiss Inc, Chroma Technol Corp, Coherenct Inc, Hamamatsu Corp, Leica Microsyst Inc, Spectra Phys DE multiphoton; sulfur mustard; keratinocytes; F-actin; gene-array analysis; signal transduction ID EPIDERMOLYSIS-BULLOSA; MYOSIN I; CYTOSKELETON; HEMIDESMOSOMES; MICROSCOPY; FILAMENTS; INTEGRIN; ADHESION; MYO1B; CELLS AB Sulfur mustard [bis-2-chloroethyl sulfide] is a vesicating agent first used as a weapon of war in WWI. It causes debilitating blisters at the epidermal-dermal junction and involves molecules that are also disrupted by junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) and other blistering skin diseases. Despite its recurring use in global conflicts, there is still no completely effective treatment. We have shown by imaging human keratinocytes in cell culture and in intact epidermal tissues that the basal cells of skin contain well-organized molecules (keratins K5/K14, alpha(6)beta(4) integrin, laminin 5 and alpha(3)beta(1) integrin) that are early targets of sulfur mustard. Disruption and collapse of these molecules is coincident with nuclear displacement, loss of functional asymmetry, and loss of polarized mobility. The progression of this pathology precedes basal cell detachment by 8-24 h, a time equivalent to the "clinical latent phase" that defines the extant period between agent exposure and vesication. Our images indicate that disruption of adhesion-complex molecules also impairs cytoskeletal proteins and the integration of structures required for signal transduction and tissue repair. We have recently developed an optical system to test this hypothesis, i.e., to determine whether and how the early disruption of target molecules alters signal transduction. This environmentally controlled on-line system provides a nexus for real-time correlation of imaged lesions with DNA microarray analysis, and for using multiphoton microscopy to facilitate development of more effective treatment strategies. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Werrlein, RJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5674-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5700 BP 240 EP 248 DI 10.1117/12.597526 PG 9 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA BCF54 UT WOS:000229039300029 ER PT B AU Meitzler, TJ Sohn, E AF Meitzler, TJ Sohn, E GP IEEE TI A comparison of Mamdani and Sugeno methods for modeling visual perception lab data SO NAFIPS 2005 - 2005 Annual Meeting of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society CY JUN 26-28, 2005 CL Detroit, MI SP N Amer Fuzzy Informat Proc Soc AB A laboratory test procedure is described by the authors in which a baseline Light Armored Vehicle (LAV) is compared to a treated LAV in the TARDEC Visual Perception Laboratory (VPL). The test imagery was collected from the field and then adjusted for display in the laboratory. The experimental visual detection values obtained in the lab were modeled using the Mamdani and Sugeno/ANFIS Fuzzy Reasoning techniques. The results of each modeling approach are compared to the experimental detection values obtained in the laboratory. C1 USA, Survivabil Technol Area, Tank Automot RDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Meitzler, TJ (reprint author), USA, Survivabil Technol Area, Tank Automot RDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RI Meitzler, Thomas/D-1065-2017 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9187-X PY 2005 BP 116 EP 120 DI 10.1109/NAFIPS.2005.1548518 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDO99 UT WOS:000234636800023 ER PT B AU Overholt, JL Hudas, GR Cheok, KC AF Overholt, JL Hudas, GR Cheok, KC GP IEEE TI A modular neural-fuzzy controller for autonomous reactive navigation SO NAFIPS 2005 - 2005 Annual Meeting of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society CY JUN 26-28, 2005 CL Detroit, MI SP N Amer Fuzzy Informat Proc Soc AB Fuzzy systems are modular by definition but lack the trainability of neural networks. We will introduce a modular, neural-fuzzy system called Threshold Fuzzy Systems (TFS). A TFS has two unique features that distinguish it from traditional fuzzy logic and neural network systems; (1) the rulebase of a TFS contains only single antecedent, single consequence rules (called a Behaviorist Fuzzy Rulebase (BFR)) and (2) the fuzzy inference mechanism is modified to incorporate a highly structured adaptive node network (called a Rule Dominance Network-RDN). Each rule in the BFR is a direct mapping of an input sensor to a system output. Connection nodes in the DN occur when rules in the BFR are conflicting. The nodes of the DN contain functions that are used to suppress the output of other conflicting rules in the BFR. Several different approaches to tuning the unknown parameters of the dominance function can be used; including supervisory training methods, self-organizing and evolutionary-based exploration. For the supervisory training approach, a unique gradient-matrix error back-propagation algorithm (GMEBA) has been developed and will be discussed. C1 USA, RDECOM, TARDEC, Intelligent Vehicle Res Team, Warren, MI USA. RP Overholt, JL (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, TARDEC, Intelligent Vehicle Res Team, Warren, MI USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9187-X PY 2005 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1109/NAFIPS.2005.1548519 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDO99 UT WOS:000234636800024 ER PT B AU Hudas, G Overholt, J Cheok, KC AF Hudas, G Overholt, J Cheok, KC GP IEEE TI Fuzzy variant of a statistical test point Kalman filter SO NAFIPS 2005 - 2005 Annual Meeting of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society CY JUN 26-28, 2005 CL Detroit, MI SP N Amer Fuzzy Informat Proc Soc AB In this paper, we propose the conceptual use of fuzzy clustering techniques as iterative spatial methods to estimate a posteriori statistics in place of the weighted averaging scheme of the Unscented Kalman filter. Specifically, instead of a linearization methodology involving the statistical linear regression of the process and measurement functions through some deterministically chosen set of test points (sigma points) contained within the "uncertainty region" around the state estimate, we present a variant of the Unscented transformation involving fuzzy clustering techniques which will be applied to the test points yielding "degrees of membership" in which Gaussian shapes can be "fit" using a least squares scheme. Implementation into the Kalman methodology will be shown along with low-dimension state and parameter estimation examples. C1 USA, RDECOM, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Hudas, G (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9187-X PY 2005 BP 127 EP 132 DI 10.1109/NAFIPS.2005.1548520 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDO99 UT WOS:000234636800025 ER PT B AU Smuda, WJ Gerhart, GR AF Smuda, WJ Gerhart, GR GP IEEE TI Missions, sensors and software considerations for fuzzy robotic systems SO NAFIPS 2005 - 2005 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FUZZY INFORMATION PROCESSING SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society CY JUN 26-28, 2005 CL Detroit, MI SP N Amer Fuzzy Informat Proc Soc AB Due to the inherent complexity of real world operations, deterministic solutions to mobile robot operations are not practical. Due to changes within even a single mission scenario, mobile robots must adapt to react safely with other robots, the environment and their mission. Adaptive behaviors for multiple mission scenarios require multi-level controls and the ability to modify controls at many levels. C1 USA, TARDEC, Robot Mobil Lab, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP USA, TARDEC, Robot Mobil Lab, Warren, MI 48397 USA. EM bill.smuda@us.army.mil; grant.gerhart@us.army.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9187-X PY 2005 BP 133 EP 138 DI 10.1109/NAFIPS.2005.1548521 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDO99 UT WOS:000234636800026 ER PT J AU McClain, MT Heinlen, LD Dennis, GJ Roebuck, J Harley, JB James, JA AF McClain, MT Heinlen, LD Dennis, GJ Roebuck, J Harley, JB James, JA TI Early events in lupus humoral autoimmunity suggest initiation through molecular mimicry SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; B-CELL EPITOPES; SM B/B'; ERYTHEMATOSUS; AUTOANTIBODIES; AUTOANTIGENS; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; RESPONSES; PEPTIDES AB The origins of autoimmunity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are thought to involve both genetic and environmental factors. To identify environmental agents that could potentially incite autoimmunity, we have traced the autoantibody response in human SLE back in time, prior to clinical disease onset, and identified the initial autoantigenic epitope for some lupus patients positive for antibodies to 60 kDa Ro. This initial epitope directly cross-reacts with a peptide from the latent viral protein Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1). Animals immunized with either the first epitope of 60 kDa Ro or the cross-reactive EBNA-1 epitope progressively develop autoantibodies binding multiple epitopes of Ro and spliceosomal autoantigens. They eventually acquire clinical symptoms of lupus such as leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and renal dysfunction. These data support the hypothesis that some humoral autoimmunity in human lupus arises through molecular mimicry between EBNA-1 and lupus autoantigens and provide further evidence to suspect an etiologic role for Epstein-Barr virus in SLE. C1 Oklahoma Med Res Fdn, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIAMSD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP James, JA (reprint author), Oklahoma Med Res Fdn, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. EM jamesj@omrf.ouhsc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR20143, RR14467, RR15577]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI24717, AI47575, AI53747, AI31584, AI54117]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR48045, AR45231, AR48940, AR42460, AR45084, AR45451]; NIDCR NIH HHS [DE015223] NR 30 TC 201 Z9 211 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 1 BP 85 EP 89 DI 10.1038/nm1167 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 884ZJ UT WOS:000226124900037 PM 15619631 ER PT S AU An, F Cheng, X Rivera, JM Li, J Cheng, Z AF An, F Cheng, X Rivera, JM Li, J Cheng, Z BE Lu, X Zhao, W TI PKM: A pairwise key management scheme for wireless sensor networks SO NETWORKING AND MOBILE COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Computer Networks and Mobile Computing (ICCNMC 2005) CY AUG 02-04, 2005 CL Zhangjiajie, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Comp Federat, IEEE Comp Soc Beijing Chapter, Hunan Comp Soc, IEEE TC Distributed Proc DE sensor networks; security; key management; key distribution AB Sensor networks are characterized by strict resource limitations and large scalability. Many sensor network applications require secure communication, a crucial component, especially in harsh environments. Symmetric key cryptography is very attractive in sensor networks due to its efficiency, but establishing a shared key for communicating parties is very challenging. The low computational capability and small storage budget within sensors render many popular public-key based key distribution and management mechanisms impractical. In this paper, we propose and analyze a truly in-situ key management scheme for large scale sensor networks, called: Public Key Management (PKM). In this scheme, we deploy service and worker sensors. The service sensors contain a key space, while worker sensors are deployed blind, with no pre-deployment knowledge. Worker sensors obtain security information from service sensors through a secure channel after deployment. After obtaining security information, worker sensors compute shared keys with their neighbors. For security reasons, service sensors erase stored key space information after deployment. During this procedure, PKM shifts a large amount of computational overhead from worker sensors to service sensors, thus conserving worker sensors' resources. PKM's performance, in terms of storage, computational overhead and resiliency, is very good. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Comp Technol, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. George Washington Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Syst & Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Natl Taxat Bur, Rizhao 276826, Shandong, Peoples R China. RP An, F (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Comp Technol, POB 2704, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM anfengguang@software.ict.ac.cn; cheng@gwu.edu; jose.rivera@us.army.mil; lij@scs.howard.edu; green_sd@163.com RI Cheng, Xueqi/F-1706-2010 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-28102-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3619 BP 992 EP 1001 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BCT45 UT WOS:000231116600102 ER PT J AU Duckworth, JL Hawley, JS Riedy, G Landau, ME AF Duckworth, JL Hawley, JS Riedy, G Landau, ME TI Magnetic resonance restricted diffusion resolution correlates with clinical improvement and response to treatment in herpes simplex encephalitis SO NEUROCRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE herpes simplex; HSV; diffusion-weighted imaging; DWI; viral encephalitis ID MRI; DIAGNOSIS AB Introduction: A 34-year-old man presented with herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing dense foci of restricted diffusion in the temporal lobe. Case Report: With treatment and clinical improvement, follow-up MRI done 8 days later showed complete resolution of the restricted diffusion abnormalities, whereas other MRI sequences suggested interval progression. Discussion: Restricted diffusion abnormalities on MRI in patients with HSE may be more sensitive to and correlate better with disease activity in HSE. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Hawley, JS (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, 6900 Georgia Ave NW,Bldg 2, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM jason.hawley@na.amedd.army.mil NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1541-6933 J9 NEUROCRIT CARE JI Neurocrit. Care PY 2005 VL 3 IS 3 BP 251 EP 253 DI 10.1385/Neurocrit.Care2005;03:251-253 PG 3 WC Critical Care Medicine; Clinical Neurology SC General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 995PG UT WOS:000234115700011 PM 16377839 ER PT J AU Ling, GSF Neal, CJ AF Ling, GSF Neal, CJ TI Maintaining cerebral perfusion pressure is a worthy clinical goal SO NEUROCRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE cerebral perfusion pressure; traumatic brain injury; critical care; intracranial pressure ID SEVERE HEAD-INJURY; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; SECONDARY ISCHEMIC INSULTS; TISSUE OXYGEN; BLOOD-FLOW; THERAPY; MANAGEMENT; AUTOREGULATION; HYPERTENSION; METABOLISM AB Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is one aspect of an all-encompassing approach in the management of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The clinical use of CPP is based on theoretical considerations that optimal cerebral blood flow is necessary to meet the metabolic needs of the injured brain. The goal is to preserve the ischemic penumbra and avoid secondary insults. Unfortunately, lack of objective measures of local tissue response and randomized controlled clinical trials prevents confirmation that these goals are being met when actively treating CPP. The present recommended threshold CPP for intervention in the literature is 70 mmHg. However, this specific CPP level is being challenged. There is increasing evidence that this and higher CPP thresholds are not necessary and that a lower CPP may be as clinically effective. There are clinical prospective, but not randomized, human trials showing that CPP 60 to 70 mmHg may be reasonable. Recently, the Brain Trauma Foundation updated their Web-based recommendation of a lower CPP goal of 60 mmHg. However, the lack of definitive data, such as from a randomized prospective intention-to-treat clinical trials, leaves this goal open to controversy. Therefore, for a variety of reasons, the physician may be most prudent to use the published CPP guideline of 70 mmHg until a consensus statement is published advocating a different value. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, Div Crit Care Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anesthesiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Natl Capital Neurosurg Consortium, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Ling, GSF (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, Div Crit Care Med, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM gling@usuhs.mil NR 40 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1541-6933 J9 NEUROCRIT CARE JI Neurocrit. Care PY 2005 VL 2 IS 1 BP 75 EP 81 DI 10.1385/NCC:2:1:075 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Clinical Neurology SC General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 945FU UT WOS:000230489200015 PM 16174974 ER PT J AU Ong, JC Seel, RT Carne, WF Brown, R Pegg, PO Jehle, PJ AF Ong, JC Seel, RT Carne, WF Brown, R Pegg, PO Jehle, PJ TI A brief neuropsychological protocol for assessing patients with Parkinson's disease SO NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Parkinson's disease; neuropsychological assessment; depression; neurobehavioral symptoms; clinical assessment ID VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT; DEMENTIAS; PERFORMANCE; DYSFUNCTION; COGNITION; ADULT AB Mild to severe cognitive impairment and depression are common among patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and play a significant role in disability. Effective treatment planning requires a holistic assessment of cognitive and emotional difficulties. A brief neuropsychological protocol was developed to examine the pattern of cognitive and emotional functioning of patients with idiopathic PD. Data was retrospectively analyzed for the first 61 male veterans who were evaluated at an interdisciplinary movement disorders clinic. The most frequently observed cognitive impairments were in the areas of auditory learning, delayed recall memory, and visual motor functioning that required alternating tracking and sequencing. Executive dysfunction was marked by the inability of 60% of the sample to complete the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, a measure of non-verbal reasoning with a cognitive flexibility component. Clinical interviews revealed that 28% of the sample met DSM-IV Criterion A for a Major Depressive Episode. The findings suggested that this brief neuropsychological protocol established cognitive and emotional profiles of patients with PD, consistent with other samples of patients with Parkinson's Disease. Clinical uses of the brief neuropsychological protocol are detailed. Selection of an alternative executive function measure with a lower "floor" that minimizes patient fatigue and frustration is recommended. C1 McGuire VAMC, Dept Neurol 127, PADRECC, Richmond, VA 23249 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Shepherd Ctr, Crawford Res Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Psychol, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. US Disciplinary Barracks, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Carne, WF (reprint author), McGuire VAMC, Dept Neurol 127, PADRECC, 1201 Broad Rock Blvd, Richmond, VA 23249 USA. EM William.Carne@med.va.gov RI Brown, Richard/A-9599-2010 OI Brown, Richard/0000-0001-9021-0172 NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1053-8135 J9 NEUROREHABILITATION JI Neurorehabilitation PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 191 EP 203 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 005KB UT WOS:000234820000006 PM 16340100 ER PT J AU Chen, RW Yao, C Lu, XCM Jiang, ZG Whipple, R Liao, Z Ghanbari, HA Almassian, B Tortella, FC Dave, JR AF Chen, RW Yao, C Lu, XCM Jiang, ZG Whipple, R Liao, Z Ghanbari, HA Almassian, B Tortella, FC Dave, JR TI PAN-811 (3-Aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone), a novel neuroprotectant, elicits its function in primary neuronal cultures by up-regulating Bcl-2 expression SO NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cortical neurons; PAN-811; ion-chelator; Bcl-2; apoptosis; hypoxia/hypoglycemia ID CYTOCHROME-C RELEASE; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; CELL APOPTOSIS; IRON CHELATION; DEATH; ACTIVATION; CALCIUM; RAT; NEURODEGENERATION; TRANSLOCATION AB Neurotoxicity in primary neurons was induced using hypoxia/hypoglycemia (H/H), veratridine (10 mu M), staurosporine (1 mu M) or glutamate (100 mu M), which resulted in 72%, 67%, 75% and 66% neuronal injury, respectively. 3-Aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (PAN-811; 10 mu M; Panacea Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD) pretreatment for 24 h provided maximal neuroprotection of 89%, 42%, 47% and 89% against these toxicities, respectively. Glutamate or H/H treatment of cells increased cytosolic cytochrome c levels, which was blocked by pretreatment of cells with PAN-811. Pretreatment of neurons with PAN-811 produced a time-dependent increase in the protein level of Bcl-2, which was evident even after glutamate or H/H treatments. An up-regulation in the expression of the p53 and Bax genes was also observed following exposure to these neurotoxic insults; however, this increase was not suppressed by PAN-811 pretreatment. Functional inhibition of Bcl-2 by HA14-1 reduced the neuroprotective efficacy of PAN-811. PAN-811 treatment also abolished glutamate or H/H-mediated internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IBRO. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Appl Neurobiol, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Panacea Pharmaceut, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. RP Chen, RW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Appl Neurobiol, Div Neurosci, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM renwu.chen@na.amedd.army.mil RI Yao, Changping/B-3619-2011 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4522 J9 NEUROSCIENCE JI Neuroscience PY 2005 VL 135 IS 1 BP 191 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.02.002 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 965GP UT WOS:000231938900016 PM 16084648 ER PT S AU Lee, SL Mueller, J Windover, D AF Lee, SL Mueller, J Windover, D BE Bhatia, SR Khalifah, PG Pochan, DJ Radaelli, PG TI Real-time XRD characterization of growth of sputtered tantalum films SO Neutron and X-Ray Scattering as Probes of Multiscale Phenomena SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neutron and X-Ray Scattering as Probes of Multiscale Phenomena held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID THIN-FILMS; COATINGS; DEPOSITION; STRESS; STEEL; PHASE; EVOLUTION; SITU; WEAR AB An in-situ DC magnetron sputter deposition system was constructed on the goniometer of an X-ray diffractometer for investigation of thin film nucleation and growth in real time. Tantalum films Were deposited on silicon and A723 steel substrates under various deposition conditions. This paper showed: 1) Ta films evolved in single or mixed alpha-Ta and beta-Ta phase on Si and Fe with very different growth characteristics. 2) Crystalline phase was sensitive to deposition mechanics, Ta film changed phase spontaneously without external parameter changes. 3) In pressure range 0.65-13 Pa at 100 watts, phase was not sensitive to pressure variations, but deposition rate and degree of texture decreased at high gas pressure. 4) Depositions using heavier gas showed higher alpha-Ta concentrations. 5) Reverse sputter cleaning of target and substrate surfaces improved Ta film adhesion. C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Lee, SL (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-788-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 840 BP 113 EP 118 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BCF70 UT WOS:000229086500016 ER PT S AU Anastasi, RF Madaras, EI AF Anastasi, RF Madaras, EI BE Shull, PJ Gyekenyesi, AL Mufti, AA TI Application of Hilbert-Huang transform for improved defect detection in terahertz NDE of shuttle tiles SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION AND HEALTH MONITORING OF AEROSPACE MATERIALS, COMPOSITES, AND CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE IV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring of Aerospace Materials, Composites, and Civil Infrastructure CY MAR 08-10, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE terahertz; Hilbert-Huang transform; signal processing; nondestructive evaluation AB Terahertz NDE is being examined as a method to inspect the adhesive bond-line of Space Shuttle tiles for defects. Terahertz signals are generated and detected, using optical excitation of biased semiconductors with femtosecond laser pulses. Shuttle tile samples were manufactured with defects that included repair regions unbond regions, and other conditions that occur in Shuttle structures. These samples were inspected with a commercial terahertz NDE system that scanned a tile and generated a data set of RF signals. The signals were post processed to generate C-scan type images that are typically seen in ultrasonic NDE. To improve defect visualization the Hilbert-Huang Transform, a transform that decomposes a signal into oscillating components called intrinsic mode functions, was applied to test signals identified as being in and out of the defect regions and then on a complete data set. As expected with this transform, the results showed that the decomposed low-order modes correspond to signal noise while the high-order modes correspond to low frequency oscillations in the signal and mid-order modes correspond to local signal oscillations. The local oscillations compare well with various reflection interfaces and the defect locations in the original signal. C1 USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate,AMSRD,ARL,VT,SM, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch,NASA Langley Res C, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Anastasi, RF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate,AMSRD,ARL,VT,SM, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch,NASA Langley Res C, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM robert.f.anastasi@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5748-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5767 BP 356 EP 362 DI 10.1117/12.600570 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BCO18 UT WOS:000230386000036 ER PT J AU Badulin, SI Pushkarev, AN Resio, D Zakharov, VE AF Badulin, SI Pushkarev, AN Resio, D Zakharov, VE TI Self-similarity of wind-driven seas SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY-WAVE SPECTRUM; LINEAR ENERGY-TRANSFER; SURFACE GRAVITY; EQUILIBRIUM RANGE; GENERATED WAVES; DIFFUSION-MODEL; CAPILLARY WAVES; FINITE-DEPTH; DEEP FLUID; PARAMETERIZATIONS AB The results of theoretical and numerical study of the Hasselmann kinetic equation for deep water waves in presence of wind input and dissipation are presented. The guideline of the study: nonlinear transfer is the dominating mechanism of wind-wave evolution. In other words, the most important features of wind-driven sea could be understood in a framework of conservative Hasselmann equation while forcing and dissipation determine parameters of a solution of the conservative equation. The conservative Hasselmann equation has a rich family of self-similar solutions for duration-limited and fetch-limited wind-wave growth. These solutions are closely related to classic stationary and homogeneous weak-turbulent Kolmogorov spectra and can be considered as non-stationary and non-homogeneous generalizations of these spectra. It is shown that experimental parameterizations of wind-wave spectra (e.g. JONSWAP spectrum) that imply self-similarity give a solid basis for comparison with theoretical predictions. In particular, the self-similarity analysis predicts correctly the dependence of mean wave energy and mean frequency on wave age C-p/U-10. This comparison is detailed in the extensive numerical study of duration-limited growth of wind waves. The study is based on algorithm suggested by Webb (1978) that was first realized as an operating code by Resio and Perrie (1989, 1991). This code is now updated: the new version is up to one order faster than the previous one. The new stable and reliable code makes possible to perform massive numerical simulation of the Hasselmann equation with different models of wind input and dissipation. As a result, a strong tendency of numerical solutions to self-similar behavior is shown for rather wide range of wave generation and dissipation conditions. We found very good quantitative coincidence of these solutions with available results on duration-limited growth, as well as with experimental parametrization of fetch-limited spectra JONSWAP in terms of wind-wave age C-p/U-10. C1 Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Russian Acad Sci, LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. Waves & Solitons LLC, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Badulin, SI (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia. EM bsi@wave.sio.rssi.ru RI Zakharov, Vladimir/F-1461-2016; Pushkarev, Andrei/I-8290-2016; Badulin, Sergei/L-6018-2015; OI Pushkarev, Andrei/0000-0001-9310-5888; Badulin, Sergei/0000-0002-3727-4238; zakharov, vladimir/0000-0001-8855-7185 NR 82 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2005 VL 12 IS 6 BP 891 EP 945 PG 55 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 004JR UT WOS:000234749600013 ER PT J AU Arzola, S Young-McCaughan, S AF Arzola, S Young-McCaughan, S TI Peak exercise response to clinical exercise testing using, the Bruce protocol in patients with cancer with known cardiovascular, pulmonary, or metabolic disease. SO ONCOLOGY NURSING FORUM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Geneva Fdn, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USA, Med Command, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ONCOLOGY NURSING SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 125 ENTERPRISE DR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15275 USA SN 0190-535X J9 ONCOL NURS FORUM JI Oncol. Nurs. Forum PD JAN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 1 BP 147 EP 148 PG 2 WC Oncology; Nursing SC Oncology; Nursing GA 889OW UT WOS:000226453300029 ER PT J AU Brown, C AF Brown, C TI Increasing testicular self-examination in active duty soldiers: An intervention study. SO ONCOLOGY NURSING FORUM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ONCOLOGY NURSING SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 125 ENTERPRISE DR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15275 USA SN 0190-535X J9 ONCOL NURS FORUM JI Oncol. Nurs. Forum PD JAN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 1 BP 150 EP 151 PG 2 WC Oncology; Nursing SC Oncology; Nursing GA 889OW UT WOS:000226453300038 ER PT J AU Young-McCaughan, S Mays, MZ Arzola, SM Nowlin, MU AF Young-McCaughan, S Mays, MZ Arzola, SM Nowlin, MU TI Considerations in scoring actigraph recordings of sleep and wake activities SO ONCOLOGY NURSING FORUM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Command, Nurse Corps, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. Geneva Fdn, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. Geneva Fdn, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ONCOLOGY NURSING SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 125 ENTERPRISE DR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15275 USA SN 0190-535X J9 ONCOL NURS FORUM JI Oncol. Nurs. Forum PD JAN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 1 BP 176 EP 176 PG 1 WC Oncology; Nursing SC Oncology; Nursing GA 889OW UT WOS:000226453300122 ER PT J AU Brown, C AF Brown, C TI Item analysis of the Blesch mens health belief survey SO ONCOLOGY NURSING FORUM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ONCOLOGY NURSING SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 125 ENTERPRISE DR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15275 USA SN 0190-535X J9 ONCOL NURS FORUM JI Oncol. Nurs. Forum PD JAN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 1 BP 179 EP 180 PG 2 WC Oncology; Nursing SC Oncology; Nursing GA 889OW UT WOS:000226453300132 ER PT S AU Zwick, H Stuck, BE Edsall, P Elliott, R Hacker, H Wood, E Cheramie, R AF Zwick, H Stuck, BE Edsall, P Elliott, R Hacker, H Wood, E Cheramie, R BE Manns, F Soderberg, PG Ho, A Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Photoreceptor damage and recovery in the high numerical aperture eye of the snake SO Ophthalmic Technologies XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Conference on Ophthalmic Technologies CY JAN 22-25, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE small eye; numerical aperture; photoreceptor in-vivo imaging; photoreceptor damage; recovery processes ID RETINA; MONKEY; LIGHT AB The small eye model of the snake permits the imaging of the photoreceptor layer as well as the retinal vasculature and individual blood cells when imaged with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (CSLO). Snake photoreceptors can be imaged down to their internal mode structure, providing comparison between normal and laser damaged photoreceptor internal mode structure. Moving the CSLO into anterior retina provides imaging of the retinal vasculature and individual blood cell response to acute laser photoreceptor injury. Alteration in individual blood cell activity is readily apparent within seconds post laser exposure, as blood cells Cumulate and show charactistic "sticky cell" leukocyte behavior. At energy levels near thermal threshold damage levels, damage down to a single photoreceptor is detectable within 24 hours post exposure with near IR laser imaging Sources (780 nm), and visualization of internal mode structure disruption mediated at the outer segment of the photoreceptor. Utilization of in vivo biochemical tags for oxidative stress demonstrates that thermal/mechanical and non-thermal mechanisms of photoreceptor damage can reside in adjacent photoceptors. Preliminary Studies with actin based biochemical markers indicate the presence of actin in both the photoreceptor and retinal nerve fiber layer, suggesting the possibility of both active recovery and support processes. C1 USAMRD, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Zwick, H (reprint author), USAMRD, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks City Base, TX USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5662-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5688 BP 320 EP 328 DI 10.1117/12.598203 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA BCF46 UT WOS:000229038000040 ER EF