FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Shah, MG Cho, S Atwood, JE Heidenreich, PA AF Shah, MG Cho, S Atwood, JE Heidenreich, PA TI Peripheral edema due to heart disease: Diagnosis and outcome SO CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE edema; echocardiography; physical examination; heart disease; crackles; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease AB Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether baseline physical examination and history are useful in identifying patients with cardiac edema as defined by echocardiography, and to compare survival for patients with cardiac and noncardiac causes of edema. Hypothesis: Physical examination and history data can help to identify patients with edema who have significant cardiac disease. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 278 consecutive patients undergoing echocardiography for evaluation of peripheral edema. We classified cardiac edema as the presence of any of the following: left ventricular ejection fraction < 45%, systolic pulmonary artery pressure > 45 mmHg, reduced right ventricular function, enlarged right ventricle, and a dilated inferior vena cava. Results: The mean age of the 243 included patients was 67 12 years and 92% were male. A cardiac cause of edema was found in 56 (23%). Independent predictors of a cardiac cause of edema included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, odds ratio [OR] 1.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14-2.60) and crackles (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.26-3.10). The specificity for a cardiac cause of edema was high (91% for COPD, 93% for crackles); however, the sensitivity was quite low (27% for COPD, for 24% crackles). Compared with patients without a cardiac cause of edema, those with a cardiac cause had increased mortality (25 vs. 8% at 2 years, p < 0.01), even after adjustment for other characteristics (hazard ratio 1.55, 95 % CI 1.08-2.24). Conclusions: A cardiac cause of edema is difficult to predict based on history and examination and is associated with high mortality. C1 Palo Alto VA Hlth Care Syst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Heidenreich, PA (reprint author), Palo Alto VA Hlth Care Syst, 111C Cardiol,3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM heiden@stanford.edu NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY PUBL CO PI MAHWAH PA PO BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0160-9289 J9 CLIN CARDIOL JI Clin. Cardiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1002/clc.4960290108 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 000II UT WOS:000234454100008 PM 16477775 ER PT J AU Christensen, DR Hartman, LJ Loveless, BM Frye, MS Shipley, MA Bridge, DL Richards, MJ Kaplan, RS Garrison, J Baldwin, CD Kulesh, DA Norwood, DA AF Christensen, DR Hartman, LJ Loveless, BM Frye, MS Shipley, MA Bridge, DL Richards, MJ Kaplan, RS Garrison, J Baldwin, CD Kulesh, DA Norwood, DA TI Detection of biological threat agents by real-time PCR: Comparison of assay performance on the RAPID, the LightCycler, and the smart cycler platforms SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; DNA-POLYMERASE; MOLECULAR BEACONS; GENE-EXPRESSION; BASE-PAIR; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; HYBRIDIZATION; SYSTEM; FLUORESCENCE; PROBES AB Background: Rapid detection of biological threat agents is critical for timely therapeutic administration. Fluorogenic PCR provides a rapid, sensitive, and specific tool for molecular identification of these agents. We compared the performance of assays for 7 biological threat agents on the Idaho Technology, Inc. R.A.P.I.D.(R), the Roche LightCycler (R), and the Cepheid Smart Cycle (R). Methods: Real-time PCR primers and dual-labeled fluorogenic probes were designed to detect Bacillus anthracis, Brucella species, Clostridium botulinum, Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Yersinia pestis. DNA amplification assays were optimized by use of Idaho Technology buffers and deoxynucleotide triphosphates supplemented with Invitrogen Platinum (R) Taq DNA polymerase, and were subsequently tested for sensitivity and specificity on the R.A.P.I.D., the LightCycler, and the Smart Cycler. Results: Limit of detection experiments indicated that assay performance was comparable among the platforms tested. Exclusivity and inclusivity testing with a general bacterial nucleic acid cross-reactivity panel containing 60 DNAs and agent-specific panels containing nearest neighbors for the organisms of interest indicated that all assays were specific for their intended targets. Conclusion: With minor supplementation, such as the addition of Smart Cycler Additive Reagent to the Idaho Technology buffers, assays for DNA templates from biological threat agents demonstrated similar performance, sensitivity, and specificity on all 3 platforms. (c) 2006 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Norwood, DA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM david.norwood@amedd.army.mil NR 34 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 52 IS 1 BP 141 EP 145 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2005.052522 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 998SE UT WOS:000234338800020 PM 16391330 ER PT J AU Hudak, SJ Hernandez, J Thompson, IM AF Hudak, Steven J. Hernandez, Javier Thompson, Ian M. TI Role of 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors in the management of prostate cancer SO CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS IN AGING LA English DT Review DE prostate cancer; 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors; finasteride; dutasteride; chemoprevention AB Prostate cancer is one of the most complex and enigmatic oncologic problems in medicine. It is highly prevalent, particularly in elderly males. Unfortunately, its generally protracted and variable clinical course and high association with treatment-related morbidity raise serious questions about the ideal treatment strategy for the individual patient. 5 alpha-reductase (5AR) inhibitors have a dramatic effect on benign prostatic disease with low toxicity. Thus, there is much interest in the potential role of 5AR inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. Finasteride is the only agent that has been shown in a randomized clinical trial to decrease the risk of prostate cancer with a reduction of almost 25%. Additionally, a recent analysis of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) has found that finasteride improves the performance characteristics of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test as a screening tool for prostate cancer, for both cancer detection as well as for detection of high risk disease. Finally, 5AR inhibitors have been studied as a component of multimodal therapy for all stages of prostate cancer, with the goal of improving oncologic outcomes while avoiding the toxicity of medical and surgical castration. C1 [Hudak, Steven J.; Hernandez, Javier] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Thompson, Ian M.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Hernandez, J (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM javier.hernandez@us.army.mil NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI ALBANY PA PO BOX 300-008, ALBANY, AUCKLAND 0752, NEW ZEALAND SN 1176-9092 J9 CLIN INTERV AGING JI Clin. Interv. Aging PY 2006 VL 1 IS 4 BP 425 EP 431 DI 10.2147/ciia.2006.1.4.425 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA V21WR UT WOS:000208238200012 PM 18046919 ER PT J AU Goldhammer, KA Dooley, DP Ayala, E Zera, W Hill, BL AF Goldhammer, KA Dooley, DP Ayala, E Zera, W Hill, BL TI Prospective study of bacterial and viral contamination of exercise equipment SO CLINICAL JOURNAL OF SPORT MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE exercise; treadmill; weights; bacteria; virus; decontamination ID ENVIRONMENTAL SURFACES; RHINOVIRUS COLDS; TRANSMISSION; DISINFECTANTS AB Objective: Transmission of bacterial and viral pathogens is known to occur by hand contact with formites. Exercise equipment in public facilities may serve as such fomites. It is not known whether equipment disinfection might reduce microorganism colonization. We performed studies to address these issues. Design: Observational study of bacterial and vital Culture results from hand-contact surfaces of exercise equipment, pre-exercise and postexercise; prospective study of viral culture results before and after intervention with disinfection solution. Setting: Two fitness centers in a military community, Intervention: One week trial of twice-a-day equipment disinfection. Main Outcome Measures: Type and number of bacteria and type of viruses present on equipment before and after exercise, prevalence of vital culture positivity on equipment before and after intervention. Results: Bacterial cultures of body contact surfaces on equipment revealed benign bacterial species (coagulase-negative staphylococci diphtheroids, and so forth) but no pathogenic bacteria whether obtained pre-exercise or postexercise, or whether from aerobic versus weight training equipment. Viral cultures revealed the presence of viruses (generally rhinoviruses) on 63 of 100 (63%) hand-contact surfaces of equipment. Weight equipment was significantly more often contaminated than aerobic equipment (73% vs. 51%, P = 0.026). Disinfection of equipment did not lower the prevalence of virus isolation (48% positive before cleaning, 86% positive after cleaning). Conclusions: There is little risk of exposure to pathogenic bacteria on exercise equipment. Such equipment may commonly serve as fomites for the transmission of viruses. These data do not suggest that disinfection of exercise equipment will offer significant protective effects against virus exposure. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Goldhammer, KA (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM kirsten.goldhammer@haw.tamc.amedd.army.mil NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1050-642X J9 CLIN J SPORT MED JI Clin. J. Sport Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 34 EP 38 DI 10.1097/01.jsm.0000181436.41268.1f PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 004HW UT WOS:000234743600007 PM 16377973 ER PT B AU Sexauer, B AF Sexauer, Bruce BE Smith, OP TI Alaska district coastal engineering policy and planning issues SO Coastal Erosion Responses for Alaska, Workshop Proceedings SE UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Coastal Erosion Response for Alaska CY JAN 04, 2006 CL Anchorage, AK C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Alaska Dist, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Sexauer, B (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Alaska Dist, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 978-1-56612-111-8 J9 UASGCP REP PY 2006 BP 55 EP 60 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BGP90 UT WOS:000249604100009 ER PT B AU Hughes, SA AF Hughes, Steven A. BE Smith, OP TI Proven constructed works SO Coastal Erosion Responses for Alaska, Workshop Proceedings SE UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Coastal Erosion Response for Alaska CY JAN 04, 2006 CL Anchorage, AK C1 US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Hughes, SA (reprint author), US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 978-1-56612-111-8 J9 UASGCP REP PY 2006 BP 61 EP 65 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BGP90 UT WOS:000249604100010 ER PT B AU Zufelt, JE Smith, OP AF Zufelt, Jon E. Smith, Orson P. BE Smith, OP TI Arctic and low-cost erosion control: Designs for Alaska SO Coastal Erosion Responses for Alaska, Workshop Proceedings SE UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Coastal Erosion Response for Alaska CY JAN 04, 2006 CL Anchorage, AK C1 US Army Corps Engn, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Zufelt, JE (reprint author), US Army Corps Engn, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 978-1-56612-111-8 J9 UASGCP REP PY 2006 BP 67 EP 71 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BGP90 UT WOS:000249604100011 ER PT J AU West, BJ AF West, BJ TI Thoughts on modeling complexity SO COMPLEXITY LA English DT Article DE allometric control; fractional Langevin equation; fractional random walks; multifractal ID HUMAN GAIT AB The simplest and probably the most familiar model of statistical processes in the physical sciences is the random walk. This simple model has been applied to all manner of phenomena, ranging from DNA sequences to the firing of neurons. Herein we extend the random walk model beyond that of mimicking simple statistics to include long-time memory in the dynamics of complex phenomena. We show that complexity can give rise to fractional-difference stochastic processes whose continuum limit is a fractional Langevin equation, that is, a fractional differential equation driven by random fluctuations. Furthermore, the index of the inverse power-law spectrum in many complex processes can be related to the fractional derivative index in the fractional Langevin equation. This fractional stochastic model suggests that a scaling process guides the dynamics of many complex phenomena. The alternative to the fractional Langevin equation is a fractional diffusion equation describing the evolution of the probability density for certain kinds of anomalous diffusion. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USA, Res Off, Math & Informat Sci Directorate, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP West, BJ (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Math & Informat Sci Directorate, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM bruce.j.west@us.army.mil NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1076-2787 J9 COMPLEXITY JI Complexity PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 11 IS 3 BP 33 EP 43 DI 10.1002/cplx.20114 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 017XQ UT WOS:000235727000005 ER PT J AU Kuentzer, N Simacek, P Advani, SG Walsh, S AF Kuentzer, Nina Simacek, Pavel Advani, Suresh G. Walsh, Shawn TI Permeability characterization of dual scale fibrous porous media SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE fabrics/textiles; cutting ID UNSATURATED FLOW; FIBER PREFORMS; VOID FORMATION; WOVEN; MODEL; RTM; REINFORCEMENTS; ARCHITECTURE; MATS AB The proper characterization of fabrics used in liquid composite molding (LCM) is integral to accurately model the flow through these porous preforms. The dual-scale nature of many fabrics has brought about a need for a methodology, which characterizes not only the bulk permeability of the preform, but the micro-scale permeability of the fiber tows. These two permeability values can then be used in LCM simulations that can separately track the bulk flow front progression and the saturation of the fiber tows in preforms that exhibit dual-scale porosity. A three dimensional simulation called liquid injection molding simulation (LIMS) has been developed at the University of Delaware that can predict the impregnation of the fiber preform with resin in closed molding processes such as resin transfer molding (RTM) and vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM). To address the dual-scale porosity, standard 2D or 3D mesh elements are combined with ID elements, which are attached at each node and represent the fiber tows. This implementation allows for the interactions between the bulk and micro flow, and can predict the saturation of the fiber tows, along with the movement of the bulk resin flow front. However, it does require two permeability inputs: one for the elements representing the bulk preform and another for the ID elements representing the fiber tows. A methodology is proposed to determine the bulk permeability and a parameter that is closely associated with the micro permeability of the tows for dual-scale fabrics. This is accomplished by comparing the inlet pressure profiles of one-dimensional constant flow rate injection RTM experiments with a simulation of flow in a dual-scale fabric. The methodology is validated and characterizations for four different fabrics are performed to demonstrate the versatility and limitation of the methodology. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Advani, SG (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM advani@me.udel.edu NR 23 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 11 BP 2057 EP 2068 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.12.005 PG 12 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 106WH UT WOS:000242132200021 ER PT S AU Smith, WR Lisal, M Brennan, JK AF Smith, William R. Lisal, Martin Brennan, John K. BE Gavrilova, M Gervasi, O Kumar, V Tan, CJK Taniar, D Lagana, A Mun, Y Choo, H TI Effects of confinement on chemical reaction equilibrium in nanoporous materials SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ITS APPLICATIONS - ICCSA 2006, PT 5 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA 2006) CY MAY 08-AUG 11, 2006 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP IEE, Univ Perugia, Univ Calgary, Univ Minnesota, Queens Univ Belfast, ERCIM, OptimaNumerics, INTEL, AMD ID REACTION ENSEMBLE METHOD; MONTE-CARLO; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; CARBON MICROPORES; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; PORES; DIMERIZATION; SYSTEMS; NO AB We present a molecular-level simulation study of the effects of confinement on chemical reaction equilibrium in nanoporous materials. We use the Reaction Ensemble Monte Carlo (RxMC) method to investigate the effects of temperature, nanopore size and capillary condensation on the nitric oxide dimerization reaction in a model carbon slit nanopore in equilibrium with a bulk reservoir. We analyze the effects of the temperature, nanopore width and capillary condensation on the reaction equilibrium with respect to the reaction conversion and fluid structure. C1 Univ Ontario, Inst Technol, Fac Sci, Oshawa, ON L1H 7K4, Canada. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Chem Proc Fundamentals, E Hala Lab Thermodynam, CR-16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic. Univ JE Purkyne, Inst Sci, Dept Phys, Usti Nad Labem 40096, Czech Republic. USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 20115 USA. RP Smith, WR (reprint author), Univ Ontario, Inst Technol, Fac Sci, 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON L1H 7K4, Canada. EM william.smith@uoit.ca; lisal@icpf.cas.cz; JBrennan@arl.army.mil RI Lisal, Martin/A-8176-2011; Smith, William/G-4404-2010 OI Lisal, Martin/0000-0001-8005-7143; Smith, William/0000-0002-1982-2050 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-34079-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3984 BP 743 EP 751 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEL03 UT WOS:000237650900082 ER PT S AU Bhattacharjee, AK Hartell, MG Nichols, DA Hicks, RP van Hamont, JE Milhous, WK AF Bhattacharjee, Apurba K. Hartell, Mark G. Nichols, Daniel A. Hicks, Rickey P. van Hamont, John E. Milhous, Wilbur K. BE Alexandrov, VN VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, J TI In silico three dimensional pharmacophore models to aid the discovery and design of new antimalarial agents SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2006, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2006) CY MAY 28-31, 2006 CL Reading, ENGLAND SP Intel Corp, IBM, SGI, Microsoft Res, EPSRC, Springer, ACET Ctr, Univ Reading, SIAM, IMACS, UK e Sci Programme ID DRUG DESIGN; INHIBITION; QSAR AB Malaria is one of the most dangerous diseases affecting primarily poor people of tropical and subtropical regions. The search for novel drugs against specific parasites is an important goal for antimalarial drug discovery. This study describes how 3D pharmacophores for antimalarial activity could be developed from known antimalarials and be used as screening tools for virtual compound libraries to identify new antimalarial candidates with examples of indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-6,12-diones (tryptanthrins) that exhibited in vitro activity below 100 ng/mL. These models mapped on the potent analogues and also onto other well-known antimalarial drugs of different chemical classes including quinolines, chalcones, rhodamine dyes, Pfmrk CDK inhibitors, malarial KASIII inhibitors, and plasmepsin inhibitors. The pharmacophores allowed search and identification of new antimalarials from in-house multi-conformer 3D CIS database and enabled custom designed synthesis of new potent analogues that are found to. be potent against in vitro W2, D6, and TM91C235 strains of P. falciparum. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Med Chem, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bhattacharjee, AK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Med Chem, Div Expt Therapeut, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM apurba.bhattacharjee@na.amedd.army.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-34379-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3991 BP 387 EP 394 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEO11 UT WOS:000238389200050 ER PT B AU Crowne, FJ Judy, DC AF Crowne, F. J. Judy, D. C. BA Clark, JW BF Clark, JW TI Lateral plasma instabilities in hemts induced by boundary conditions SO Condensed Matter Theories, Vol 20 SE CONDENSED MATTER THEORIES (NOVA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Workshop on Condensed Matter Theories CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2004 CL Washington Univ, St Louis, MO SP Washington, Dept Phys, Shodor Educ Fdn Inc HO Washington Univ ID DYAKONOV-SHUR INSTABILITY; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON; MECHANISM; CHANNEL; MODFET C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. RP Crowne, FJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-59454-989-2 J9 CONDENSED MATT THEOR PY 2006 VL 20 BP 55 EP 70 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BGE39 UT WOS:000246300900006 ER PT S AU Trentin, A Zanchetta, P Wheeler, P Clare, J Wood, R Katsis, D AF Trentin, Andrew Zanchetta, Pericle Wheeler, Patrick Clare, Jon Wood, Robert Katsis, Dimos GP IEEE TI A New Method for Induction Motors Parameter Estimation Using Genetic Algorithms and Transient Speed measurements SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, FORTY-FIRST IAS ANNUAL MEETING, VOL 1-5 SE IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the IEEE Industry-Applications-Society (IAS) CY OCT 08-12, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE, Ind Applicat Soc DE Digital Control; Genetic Algorithm; Induction Motor Drives; Parameter Estimetion AB This paper proposes a new heuristic approach based on Genetic Algorithms (GA) to estimate mechanical and electrical parameters of an induction motor (IM) in all operative conditions using only speed transient measurements. The GA routine is used off-line to minimize the error between experimental speed transient responses measured on the machine under test and those obtained, under the same conditions, form a simulation in which the GA optimizes the parameters. The IM is controlled by means of a standard vector control strategy using a set of parameters initially estimated from the nominal values of the machine. C1 [Trentin, Andrew; Zanchetta, Pericle; Wheeler, Patrick; Clare, Jon] Univ Nottingham, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Wood, Robert; Katsis, Dimos] US Army, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL SEDP, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Trentin, A (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. OI Clare, Jon/0000-0001-8243-4280 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-0364-6 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2006 BP 2435 EP 2440 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BWY63 UT WOS:000295333400355 ER PT B AU Osgerby, IT AF Osgerby, IT BE Calabrese, EJ Kostecki, PT Dragun, J TI ISCO technology overview: Do you really understand the chemistry? SO Contaminated Soils, Sediments and Water Volume 10: Successes and Challenges SE CONTAMINATED SOILS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual International Conference on Soils, Sediments and Water CY OCT 18-21, 2004 CL Amherst, MA ID POTASSIUM-PERMANGANATE; OXIDATION; DEGRADATION AB The reaction chemistry of ISCO is presented for the common oxidant systems employed in ISCO: catalyzed peroxide propagations (Modified Fenton's), persulfate, ozone/ozone-peroxide (peroxone), and permanganate. All of these oxidant systems, with the exception of permanganate are described by reaction schemes employing free radical generation, and all are dependent to some degree on local conditions such as water chemistry and pH. A less familiar reactant condition may be the influence of inorganic and organic compounds in the soil matrix, which can have a strong influence over the intended outcome of the ISCO application. Thus, naturally occurring organic compounds may overwhelm the contaminant demand for oxidant or prevent the transition of the adsorbed contaminant to the aqueous phase where ISCO reactions occur. Naturally occurring inorganic compounds may actually cause destruction of the oxidant or modify the catalytic component. Some experience with soils having markedly different matrix properties are discussed to provide an illustration of some of the difficulties which may be faced in the practice of ISCO. C1 USA, Corps Engineers New England District, Concord, MA 01742 USA. RP Osgerby, IT (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers New England District, 696 Virginia Rd, Concord, MA 01742 USA. NR 56 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-28322-6 J9 CONTAM SOILS PY 2006 BP 287 EP 308 PG 22 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDL55 UT WOS:000234127600019 ER PT B AU Schmidt, T AF Schmidt, Thomas BE Woodcock, A Rose, G TI The joint operational environment SO Cornwallis Group X: Analysis for New and Emerging Societal Conflicts SE Cornwallis Group Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Meeting of the Cornwallis-Group CY MAR 21-24, 2005 CL Royal Mil Coll, Kingston, CANADA SP Cornwallis Grp HO Royal Mil Coll AB This paper describes the purpose and content of the Joint Operational Environment (JOE) as it supports Joint Force Experimentation, The JOE is not intended to compete with existing intelligence analyses. Rather, the JOE frames a range of possible futures, providing the context for joint and service experiments and concept development. It identifies the trends that will shape our future operational environment and those critical variables that will define that environment. A critical examination of these trends and variables leads one to conclude that future conflict will not be resolved through a military confrontation alone, but rather through the resolution of conflicting societal and/or cultural elements. The JOE, together with other evolving Joint concepts, addresses our need to identify this friction and consider it along with the traditional military planning factors. C1 ATIN IC, Futures Directorate, DCSINT, TRADOC,HQ TRADOC, Fort Monroe, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN PEACEKEEPING PRESS PI CLEMENTSPORT PA CORNWALLIS PK, POB 100, CLEMENTSPORT, NS B0S 1E0, CANADA BN 1-896551-61-0 J9 CORNWALLIS GROUP SER PY 2006 VL 10 BP 148 EP 167 PG 20 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BFM57 UT WOS:000243088400009 ER PT B AU Sobel, A AF Sobel, Annette BE Katona, P Intriligator, MD Sullivan, JP TI ACTIONABLE INTELLIGENCE IN SUPPORT OF HOMELAND SECURITY OPERATIONS SO COUNTERING TERRORISM AND WMD: CREATING A GLOBAL COUNTER-TERRORISM NETWORK SE Cass Series on Political Violence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sobel, Annette] Womack Army Community Hosp, Dept Family Med, Ft Bragg, NC USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-08746-6 J9 CASS SER POLIT VIOLE PY 2006 BP 212 EP 217 PG 6 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BML04 UT WOS:000272703400016 ER PT J AU Waldron, BL Larson, SR Jensen, KB Harrison, RD Palazzo, AJ Cary, TJ AF Waldron, BL Larson, SR Jensen, KB Harrison, RD Palazzo, AJ Cary, TJ TI Registration of reliable sandberg bluegrass germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Erdc, USACE, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Waldron, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, 696 N 1100 E, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM blair.waldron@usu.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 487 EP 488 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.06-0119 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700081 ER PT J AU Waldron, BL Jensen, KB Harrison, RD Palazzo, AJ Cary, TJ AF Waldron, BL Jensen, KB Harrison, RD Palazzo, AJ Cary, TJ TI Registration of Yakima western yarrow germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Erdc, USACE, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Waldron, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, 696 N 1100 E, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM blair.waldron@usu.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 488 EP 489 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.06-0152 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700082 ER PT J AU Bergmann-Leitner, E AF Bergmann-Leitner, E TI Novel anti-cancer drugs and therapeutic approaches SO CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Bergmann-Leitner, E (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/B-3548-2011 OI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/0000-0002-8571-8956 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1381-6128 J9 CURR PHARM DESIGN JI Curr. Pharm. Design PY 2006 VL 12 IS 3 BP 259 EP 260 DI 10.2174/138161206775201938 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 995BH UT WOS:000234074400001 ER PT J AU Molnar, J Gyemant, N Tanaka, M Hohmann, J Bergmann-Leitner, E Molnar, P Deli, J Didiziapetris, R Ferreira, MJU AF Molnar, J Gyemant, N Tanaka, M Hohmann, J Bergmann-Leitner, E Molnar, P Deli, J Didiziapetris, R Ferreira, MJU TI Inhibition of multidrug resistance of cancer cells by natural diterpenes, triterpenes and carotenoids SO CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN LA English DT Review DE multidrug resistance; cancer cells; diterpenoids; triterpenoids; carotenoids ID MOUSE LYMPHOMA-CELLS; JATROPHANE-TYPE DITERPENES; PAPRIKA CAPSICUM-ANNUUM; P-GLYCOPROTEIN; MACROCYCLIC DITERPENE; EUPHORBIA-PUBESCENS; REVERSING ACTIVITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; MODULATORS; APOPTOSIS AB The multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins are member of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily and are present in a majority of human tumors. Their activity is a crucial factor leading to therapeutic failure. It is likely that compounds which inhibit the function of the MDR-efflux proteins such as MDR I will improve the cytotoxic action of anticancer chemotherapy. Therefore, a search for MDR reversing compounds was conducted among three classes of plant derived compounds such as diterpenes, triterpenes and carotenoids in a hope to find inhibitors without adverse effects in these natural compounds. The inhibition of efflux activity was determined by measuring the accumulation of substrate analogues such as rhodamine in tumor cells in the presence of potential inhibitors. Thus we determined the effect of structurally unrelated diterpenes, triterpenes and carotenoids on reversal of multidrug resistance in MDR-1 gene-transfected L1210 mouse lymphoma cells and MDR mediated multidrug resistance of human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 (HTB-26) and MCF-7. The majority of diterpenes, cycloartane triterpenes and carotenoids isolated from vegetables and medicinal plants were able to enhance rhodamine 123 accumulations of MDR-cells. Synergistic interaction was found between epirubicine and resistance modifier terpenoids in vitro. It is supposed that these MDR modulators bind into transmembrane domains and the action of ABC transporters is inhibited by induced conformational changes. C1 Univ Szeged, Inst Med Microbiol & Immunol, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. Univ Szeged, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Pecs, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Med Chem, Pecs, Hungary. Pharma Algorithms Inc, LT-2001 Vilnius, Lithuania. Univ Lisbon, Fac Pharm, CECF, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Molnar, J (reprint author), Univ Szeged, Inst Med Microbiol & Immunol, Dom Ter 10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. EM molnarj@comser.szote.u-szeged.hu RI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/B-3548-2011; PTMS, RNEM/C-1589-2014; iMed.ULisboa, iMed.ULisboa/C-6292-2014; molnar, joseph/D-4375-2013; Umbelino Ferreira, Maria Jose/M-8053-2013; iMed.ULisboa, NatProdChem /B-5387-2014 OI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/0000-0002-8571-8956; Umbelino Ferreira, Maria Jose/0000-0002-8742-1486; NR 66 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 25 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1381-6128 J9 CURR PHARM DESIGN JI Curr. Pharm. Design PY 2006 VL 12 IS 3 BP 287 EP 311 DI 10.2174/138161206775201893 PG 25 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 995BH UT WOS:000234074400004 PM 16454745 ER PT J AU Wesensten, NJ AF Wesensten, NJ TI Effects of modafinil on cognitive performance and alertness during sleep deprivation SO CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN LA English DT Review DE stimulants; modafinil; sleep deprivation; reaction time; alertness; executive function ID ADRENERGIC AGONIST MODAFINIL; EARLY MORNING BEHAVIOR; SUSTAINED MENTAL WORK; D-AMPHETAMINE; DAYTIME SLEEPINESS; INDUCED WAKEFULNESS; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; WARM ENVIRONMENT; CONSCIOUS RAT; MOOD AB The performance- and alertness-sustaining/restoring effects of modafinil during sleep deprivation in normal, healthy adults were reviewed. Results indicate that modafinil is efficacious for sustaining/restoring objective performance and alertness during sleep deprivation with few adverse effects. At appropriate dosages, modafinil restores performance and alertness to non-sleep deprived levels. Modafinil also impairs post-sleep deprivation recovery sleep, but from the few studies available addressing this issue, it is unclear whether these sleep impairments translate into post-sleep performance impairments. Further research is needed to determine whether modafinil restores performance on simple cognitive tasks only or whether modafinil additionally restores executive functions (e.g., abstract thought, critical reasoning, planning, decision-making, situational awareness, and effective judgment) which are critical in most modern operational settings. In addition, studies are needed to determine whether modafinil use during sleep deprivation is preferable to that of other available controlled stimulants (such as dextroamphetamine) or non-controlled stimulants (such as caffeine). Such studies would be comprised of direct, head-to-head comparisons among various stimulants across a range of dosages. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Behav Biol, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wesensten, NJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Behav Biol, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM nancy.wesensten@us.army.mil NR 60 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1381-6128 J9 CURR PHARM DESIGN JI Curr. Pharm. Design PY 2006 VL 12 IS 20 BP 2457 EP 2471 DI 10.2174/138161206777698819 PG 15 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 060CN UT WOS:000238779400002 PM 16842170 ER PT J AU Lushington, GH Guo, JX Hurley, MM AF Lushington, GH Guo, JX Hurley, MM TI Acetylcholinesterase: Molecular modeling with the whole toolkit SO CURRENT TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer's disease; organophosphorus nerve agents; molecular docking; molecular dynamics; quantum chemistry; QSAR; COMBINE ID TORPEDO-CALIFORNICA ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; STATE SMOLUCHOWSKI EQUATION; X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ACTIVE-SITE; MOUSE ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; DYNAMICS SIMULATION; BACK-DOOR; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; FLEXIBLE DOCKING; SCORING FUNCTION AB Molecular modeling efforts aimed at probing the structure, function and inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme have abounded in the last decade, largely because of the system's importance to medical conditions such as myasthenia gravis, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, and well as its famous toxicological susceptibility to nerve agents. The complexity inherent in such a system with multiple complementary binding sites, critical dynamic effects and intricate mechanisms for enzymatic function and covalent inhibition, has led to an impressively diverse selection of simulation techniques being applied to the system, including quantum chemical mechanistic studies, molecular docking prediction of noncovalent complexes and their associated binding free energies, molecular dynamics conformational analysis and transport kinetics prediction, and quantitative structure activity relationship modeling to tie salient details together into a coherent predictive tool. Effective drug and prophylaxis design strategies for a complex target like this requires some understanding and appreciation for all of the above methods, thus it makes an excellent case study for multi-tiered pharmaceutical modeling. This paper reviews a sample of the more important studies on acetylcholinesterase and helps to elucidate their interdependencies. Potential future directions are introduced based on the special methodological needs of the acetylcholinesterase system and on emerging trends in molecular modeling. C1 Univ Kansas, Mol Graph & Modeling Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Univ Kansas, Mol Graph & Modeling Lab, 1251 Wescoe Hall Dr, Lawrence, KS 66046 USA. EM glushington@ku.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [5 P20 RR016475-03] NR 107 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 16 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y-2, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1568-0266 EI 1873-5294 J9 CURR TOP MED CHEM JI Curr. Top. Med. Chem. PY 2006 VL 6 IS 1 BP 57 EP 73 DI 10.2174/156802606775193293 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 004ZO UT WOS:000234791600006 PM 16454758 ER PT J AU Gross, CL Nealley, EW Nipwoda, MT Smith, WJ AF Gross, Clark L. Nealley, Eric W. Nipwoda, Mary T. Smith, William J. TI Pretreatment of human epidermal keratinocytes with D,L-sulforaphane protects against sulfur mustard cytotoxicity SO CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytotoxicity; D, L-sulforaphane; pretreatment; sulfur mustard ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; GLUTATHIONE AB Sulfur mustard (SM) is a powerful cytotoxic agent as well as a potent vesicant, mutagen, and carcinogen. This compound reacts with glutathione (GSH) and forms GSH-SM conjugates that appear to be excreted through the mercapturic acid pathway in mammals. The question of whether glutathione-S-transferases (GST) are involved in enzymatic formation of these conjugates remains unresolved. In previous studies, ethacrynic acid (EAA), a putative inhibitor of this transferase, and oltipraz, a known inducer, were ineffective in modulating this enzyme in cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) so this hypothesis could not be tested. Higher levels of intracellular GSH appeared to be solely responsible for resistance of EAA-pretreated cells to SM. A better inducer of GST was needed to test whether this enzyme could be used to modify cytotoxicity following SM exposure. D, L-sulforaphane (DLS), a compound from broccoli extract known to be a potent inducer of this enzyme, was tested for GST induction in cultured NHEK. The enzyme levels increased optimally (40%) in these cells within 4 hours using 0.5 mu g DLSImL over a 48 hour incubation period. When the drug was removed by washing, and pretreated cells were challenged with 0-200 mu M SM, there was a 10%-15% increase in survival at 24 hours compared with non-pretreated SM controls. This protective effect due to increased levels of GST was abolished at 300 mu M sulfur mustard, where there was no difference in survival between pretreated and non-pretreated controls. Glutathione levels were also assessed and showed no increase at 4 hours in cultured NHEK with DLS pretreatment and appear not to be responsible for this protection against SM. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR, CDR,C, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Gross, CL (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR, CDR,C, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM clark.gross@us.army.mil NR 12 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-9527 J9 CUTAN OCUL TOXICOL JI Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1080/15569520600859985 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA 088ZP UT WOS:000240849900001 PM 16980241 ER PT S AU Tierney, TM Mocnik, C Protzman, WJ AF Tierney, Terrance M. Mocnik, Christopher Protzman, William J. BE Byrd, JC Desjardins, DD Forsythe, EW Girolamo, HJ TI Scalable interfaces for mounted and dismounted unmanned systems control - art. no. 62250Q SO Defense, Security, Cockpit, and Future Displays II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Defense, Security, Cockpit, and Future Displays II CY APR 19-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE HRI; interaction; Soldier-machine; robot; unmanned systems; scalable interface; displays; control AB The next generation Soldier will be required to provide control for both ground and air unmanned systems in support of future combat operations. Unmanned systems show a great deal of promise in that they will increase Soldier safety and enhance situational awareness, but based on their current state of autonomy, will require high levels of interaction from the operator. These interactions will range from platform and payload control while mounted within a combat vehicle to dismounted outside or some distance away from the vehicle, and will be performed in addition to his or her primary mission. In order to effectively work together with these systems, he or she must have a consistent interface that provides intuitive control of primary unmanned system functions and does not impose a unique training burden. In addition, the interface must be able to present information to the Soldier independent of display size and environmental conditions, minimize power and weight, and provide the proper control devices necessary to manipulate vehicle functions to include mobility, sensors and weapons. C1 USA, RDECOM, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Tierney, TM (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, TARDEC, 6501 E 11 Mile Rd, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6281-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6225 BP Q2250 EP Q2250 AR 62250Q DI 10.1117/12.665931 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BES63 UT WOS:000239305300021 ER PT S AU Taylor, A AF Taylor, Andrew BE Byrd, JC Desjardins, DD Forsythe, EW Girolamo, HJ TI Information displays for Future Force Warrior - art. no. 62250X SO Defense, Security, Cockpit, and Future Displays II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Defense, Security, Cockpit, and Future Displays II CY APR 19-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE Small Combat Unit; Future Force Warrior; FFW; networked communications; User Defined Operational Picture; battlefield communications; battle command system; soldier borne systems; situational awareness AB The Future Force Warrior (FFW) equipped Small Combat Unit (SCU) is characterized as a platoon level organization that uses soldier borne system (SBS) components, supplemental SCU equipment, sensors, robotics, a distributed information database, and networked communications to execute collective War Fighter functions not achievable by any other SCU. These new functions introduce complex battlefield information management and display requirements. The thrust of FFW is to provide the ability to process and disseminate information, and determine how to display the information effectively to the soldier. The FFW SBS System development requires continuous integration of capabilities to increase functionality while reducing weight, cube/bulk, space, power consumption, and logistical footprint. This paper addresses these complex issues and explains the information available to the soldiers. C1 USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Adv Technol Demonstrat, Natick, MA 01765 USA. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Adv Technol Demonstrat, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01765 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6281-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6225 BP X2250 EP X2250 AR 62250X DI 10.1117/12.673506 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BES63 UT WOS:000239305300024 ER PT S AU Sampson, JB AF Sampson, James B. BE Byrd, JC Desjardins, DD Forsythe, EW Girolamo, HJ TI Flexible displays: Concept interfaces for Future Force Warrior SO DEFENSE, SECURITY, COCKPIT, AND FUTURE DISPLAYS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Defense, Security, Cockpit, and Future Displays II CY APR 19-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE flexible displays; future concepts; interface design; human factors engineering; evolutionary design; user-centered design; future force warrior AB The present paper begins with a look at early display concepts to emerge from the soldier-as-a-system program that focused on the future warrior. In these early advanced technology demonstrations the dominant visual display was the head- or helmet-mounted display (HMD). These displays evolved from aviator-like HMDs with CRTs to miniature lighter weight liquid crystal and active matrix electro-luminescent displays. It took some time before alternative display forms were more seriously considered as developers and researchers gained a better understanding of how displays best work for a wide variety of military operators. Considering this history, the challenges faced by flexible display technology include the search for appropriate devices and form factors for application. This paper outlines how developers might more rapidly conceptualize innovative, yet functional, design concepts to address the requirements of the future dismounted soldier. C1 USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Sampson, JB (reprint author), USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM james.sampson@natick.army.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6281-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6225 AR 62250Z DI 10.1117/12.673490 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BES63 UT WOS:000239305300025 ER PT J AU Conologue, TD Norwood, QIR AF Conologue, TD Norwood, QIR TI Treatment of surgical scars with the cryogen-cooled 595 nm pulsed dye laser starting on the day of suture removal SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID HYPERTROPHIC BURN SCARS; FACIAL ACNE SCARS; DERMABRASION; DERMATOLOGY; PREVENTION; REVISION; KELOIDS AB BACKGROUND Cosmetic results after skin surgery area key component of patient satisfaction and self-image. Various lasers have been used to attempt scar improvement without consistent results. The optimal time to initiate laser treatment has not been determined. A recent study using a noncooled 585 nm pulsed dye laser starting on the day of suture removal demonstrated substantial improvement in scar appearance. OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of the 595 nm cryogen-cooled pulsed dye laser in the treatment of surgical scars starting on the day of suture removal. METHODS Sixteen patients with postoperative linear scars of greater than 2 cm were treated three times at 4- to 8-week intervals with a 595 nm cryogen-cooled pulsed dye laser. All patients had Fitzpatrick skin types I to IV. Each scar was divided at the midline into two fields, with half receiving treatment using a 7 mm spot size at 1.5 ms with 8 J/cm(2) and a 30 ms spray duration with a 10 ms delay. The other half was not treated. Scars were evaluated for pigmentation, vascularity, pliability, and height by a blinded examiner using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS). In addition, the same blinded examiner evaluated the cosmetic appearance using a scale from 0 (worst) to 10 (best) prior to the second treatment and 1 month after the final treatment. RESULTS The average sum of all parameters in the VSS showed significant improvement from 1-month post-treatment to the final evaluation of 60% compared with the control of -3%. Also, scars in the treated portions scored an average of 2 points higher in the overall cosmetic appearance by the same blinded examiner based on a scale of 0 (worst) to 10 (best). Among the individual parameters in the VSS, the most significant improvements were found in vascularity and pliability. CONCLUSION The cryogen-cooled 595 nm pulsed dye laser is a safe and effective option to improve the cosmetic appearance of surgical scars in skin types I to IV starting on the day of suture removal. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Conologue, TD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 6900 Georgia Ave,Rm 1J, Washington, DC 20007 USA. EM tconologue@msn.com NR 23 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 3 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 32 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1111/j1524-4725.2006.32002 PG 8 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 027JM UT WOS:000236411700003 PM 16393593 ER PT S AU Ngan, P Burke, S Cresci, R Wilson, JN Gader, P Ho, DKC AF Ngan, Peter Burke, Sean Cresci, Roger Wilson, Joseph N. Gader, Paul Ho, Dominic K. C. BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Holloway, JH TI Region processing algorithm for HSTAMIDS - art. no. 621732 SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI CY APR 17-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE ground penetrating radar; land mine detection; mine detection algorithm AB The AN/PSS-14 (a.k.a. HSTAMIDS) has been tested for its performance in South East Asia (Thailand), South Africa (Namibia) and in November of 2005 in South West Asia (Afghanistan). The system has been proven effective in manual demining particularly in discriminating indigenous, metallic artifacts in the minefields. The Humanitarian Demining Research and Development (HD R&D) Program has sought to further improve the system to address specific needs in several areas. One particular area of these improvement efforts is the development of a mine detection/discrimination improvement software algorithm called Region Processing (RP). RP is an innovative technique in processing and is designed to work on a set of data acquired in a unique sweep pattern over a region-of-interest (ROI). The RP team is a joint effort consisting of three universities (University of Florida, University of Missouri, and Duke University), but is currently being led by the University of Florida. This paper describes the state-of-the-art Region Processing algorithm, its implementation into the current HSTAMIDS system, and its most recent test results. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, AMSRD CER NV CM HD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Ngan, P (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, AMSRD CER NV CM HD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6273-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6217 BP 21732 EP 21732 AR 621732 DI 10.1117/12.666658 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BER93 UT WOS:000239186200096 ER PT S AU Bishop, SS Judge, JA Vignola, JF Smith, CM Chen, TH Tsolpelas, P AF Bishop, Steven S. Judge, John A. Vignola, Joseph F. Smith, Christopher M. Chen, Tung-Huei Tsolpelas, Panagiotis BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Holloway, JH TI Contact-probe based excitation method for mine detection: Application on a VS1.6 Italian landmine - art. no. 62171A SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI CY APR 17-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE VS1.6 landmine; mechanical excitation; scanning LDV; hand-held probe AB Probe force and ground surface velocity measurements are obtained using laser Doppler vibrometry for one specific excitation contact point on the casing of the VS1.6 Antitank landmine for surface laid and buried scenarios. Probe contact force and ground velocity measurements were taken over a 1 KHz bandwidth (0 Hz to 1 KHz). Combined velocity magnitude and phase images are provided as laboratory results. The proposed excitation technique has the potential for significantly greater signal bandwidth and amplitude compared to remote acoustic and seismic excitation strategies. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Bishop, SS (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RI Judge, John/D-1429-2015 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6273-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6217 BP A2171 EP A2171 AR 62171A DI 10.1117/12.672916 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BER93 UT WOS:000239186200039 ER PT S AU Bennett, HH Fields, MP Derzko, Z AF Bennett, Hollis H., Jr. Fields, Morris P. Derzko, Zenon BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Holloway, JH TI Laser polarization and reflectance characterization of selected target and background material - art. no. 62170C SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI CY APR 17-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE infrared characterization; laser; background signatures; counter-mine; polarization; reflectance AB This paper describes the relative polarization and reflectance characterization of background and selected target items to demonstrate the differences material type and source wavelength have on these measurements. The advanced reflectance and polarization instrument (ARPI) was modified to allow three lasers with different wavelengths to be used. This allowed for similar spot size, location, and angles to be used to collect the measurements. ARPI was used to collect polarized and cross-polarized returns from the polarized laser source at an incident angle of 0, 5, 10, and 20 degrees. These measurements were used to calculate the relative percent polarization and percent reflectance. Analysis of the measured relative polarization and reflectance consists of single wavelength and multi-wavelength comparisons with man-made and background items. A direct comparison is made between natural and man-made materials and different wavelengths of light. This careful comparison of differences between wavelengths will demonstrate which of the wavelengths produces the best and most consistent separation between background and man-made items. Our preliminary analysis shows that most man-made items give different polarization and reflectance returns than background items. Also, the analysis shows nominal variability between the three different wavelengths for background items and man-made items. C1 US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Bennett, HH (reprint author), US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6273-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6217 BP C2170 EP C2170 AR 62170C DI 10.1117/12.665072 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BER93 UT WOS:000239186200011 ER PT S AU Koh, G Winter, EM Schatten, MA AF Koh, Gary Winter, Edwin M. Schatten, Miranda A. BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Holloway, JH TI Rainfall degradation of LWIR disturbed soil signature - art. no. 62170G SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI CY APR 17-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE disturbed soil; reststrahlen; rainfall; mine detection AB Creating a minefield requires disturbing the soil. This disturbance alters the soil properties and processes in a measurable way. The U.S. Army is investigating techniques to exploit the altered properties of disturbed soil to assist in the detection of buried landmines. The differential quartz reststrahlen signatures between disturbed and undisturbed soil at the long wave infrared (LWIR) region have shown promise in past field tests [1,3]. We have initiated ground-based measurements using a non-imaging spectral sensor to investigate the phenomenology of LWIR disturbed soil signature. Our primary goal is to develop rainfall-dependent models to predict the degradation of the differential reststrahlen signature for varying soil types. A bare soil test site with strong quartz reststrahlen signature was selected for our initial investigation. The disturbed and undisturbed soil spectral signatures at the LWIR regions were obtained after multiple rain events using a Design and Prototypes field portable Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The intensity and total amount of rainfall were recorded using a high-resolution tipping-bucket rain gauge. In addition to these measurements, photomicrographs of the disturbed soil were obtained after rainfall events, and X-ray diffraction analyses were conducted to obtain detailed soil mineralogy of the test site. We present these results and discuss the changes in the spectral characteristics of disturbed soil as a function of rainfall amount and intensity. C1 US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Koh, G (reprint author), US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6273-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6217 BP G2170 EP G2170 AR 62170G DI 10.1117/12.666402 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BER93 UT WOS:000239186200014 ER PT S AU Harmon, RS De Lucia, FC LaPointe, A Miziolek, AW AF Harmon, Russell S. De Lucia, Frank C. LaPointe, Aaron Miziolek, Andrzej W. BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Holloway, JH TI Man-portable LIBS for landmine detection - art. no. 62170I SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI CY APR 17-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; LIBS; landmine detection AB Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is an emerging, minimally-destructive sensor technology for in-situ, real-time chemical species identification and analysis. The Army Research Laboratory has been engaged in LIBS analysis for over a decade and recently has been investigating the potential to apply broadband LIBS analysis to specific military problems, one of which is as a handheld, confirmatory sensor for landmine detection. Laboratory tests with a prototype man-portable LIBS system demonstrate a high degree of success in identifying landmine casings. C1 US Army Res Off, Enivornm Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Harmon, RS (reprint author), US Army Res Off, Enivornm Sci Div, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6273-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6217 BP I2170 EP I2170 AR 62170I DI 10.1117/12.667564 PN 1-2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BER93 UT WOS:000239186200016 ER PT S AU Navish, F May, M AF Navish, Frank May, Michael BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Holloway, JH TI Autonomous mine detection sensors (AMDS) - art. no. 62172I SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI CY APR 17-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE ID OPERATORS AB The Autonomous Mine Detection Sensors (AMDS) program is developing a prototype autonomous mine-detection sensor suite designed to be mounted on a small robotic platform that can find buried anti-personnel mines. Over the past two years, CyTerra Corp. and NIITEK, Inc. have developed complementary senor suites using a variety of ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensor configurations. The ANMS program is also working with industry and academia to develop automatic target recognition (ATR) algorithms. This paper provides a brief overview of evaluations that have been performed at Army facilities. Probability of Detection (Pd) and Probability of False Alarm (Pfa) results are provided for signal-to-noise type detection algorithms and also for promising pattern classification and neural network algorithms that were developed by Duke University, the University of Missouri-Columbia, and the University of Florida. After an evaluation in October 2005, both contractors' sensors performed comparably (about 90% Pd and 40% Pfa) against low-metal anti-personnel mines at an Army test site seeded with typical clutter. In some cases, university-developed pattern classification and neural network algorithms have reduced the Pfa by a factor of two against these clutter sets. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC Night Vis & Electron Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Navish, F (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC Night Vis & Electron Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6273-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6217 BP I2172 EP I2172 AR 62172I DI 10.1117/12.668482 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BER93 UT WOS:000239186200078 ER PT S AU Doheny, RC Burke, S Cresci, R Ngan, P Walls, R Chernoff, J AF Doheny, Robert C. Burke, Sean Cresci, Roger Ngan, Peter Walls, Richard Chernoff, Jeff BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Holloway, JH TI Handheld standoff mine detection system (HSTAMIDS) field evaluation in Namibia - art. no. 62172K SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI CY APR 17-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE landmine detection; HSTAMIDS; AN/PSS-14; multisensor; humanitarian demining AB The Humanitarian Demining Research and Development Program of the US Army RDECOM CERDEC Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD), under the direction of the Office of Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict (OASD SO/LIC) and with participation from the International Test and Evaluation Program (ITEP) for humanitarian demining, conducted an in-country field evaluation of the Handheld Standoff Mine Detection System (HSTAMIDS) in the southern African country of Namibia. Participants included the US Humanitarian Demining Team of NVESD; ITEP personnel from several member countries; deminers from two non-governmental organizations in Angola, Menschen Gegen Minen (MgM) and HALO Trust; and CyTerra Corporation. The primary objectives were to demonstrate the performance of the U.S. Army's newest handheld multi-sensor mine detector, the HSTAMIDS, to the performance of the metal detector being used by local demining organizations and also to assess the performance of deminers using the HSTAMIDS after limited experience and training. C1 USA, RDECOM CERDEC,CM, ATTN,NV, AMSRD,CER,HD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Doheny, RC (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC,CM, ATTN,NV, AMSRD,CER,HD, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6273-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6217 BP K2172 EP K2172 AR 62172K DI 10.1117/12.664456 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BER93 UT WOS:000239186200080 ER PT S AU Koh, G Ginsberg, MD Howington, SE AF Koh, Gary Ginsberg, Mark D. Howington, Stacy E. BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Holloway, JH TI Water flow and distribution around buried landmines - art. no. 62171S SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI CY APR 17-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE water flow; buried landmine; soil moisture ID SOILS AB Soil properties make a significant impact in the observed responses of various sensors for mine detection. Soil moisture affects the performance of electromagnetic sensors through its effects on soil thermal and dielectric properties. We have initiated laboratory, field and numerical studies to advance our fundamental understanding of the properties and governing processes of moisture distribution and flow around buried landmines. The laboratory component features magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to map water distribution around a mine-like obstacle placed in a test soil sample. The field component investigates the moisture migration around landmines under realistic weather and soil conditions. We use anti-tank mines instrumented with moisture and temperature sensors to monitor the weather-driven processes. The numerical component investigates existing physics models underlying current simulations of moisture transport in soils. We use existing flow simulators to evaluate the completeness of process descriptions and to estimate the relative importance of individual processes on micro-scale moisture movement. These existing simulators include both continuum codes designed to work at scales much larger than the grain size and pore-scale models that discretize individual pores. We present the preliminary results of our investigations and discuss the potential impact of our findings on infrared and radar detection of buried landmines. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Koh, G (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6273-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6217 BP S2171 EP S2171 AR 62171S DI 10.1117/12.666375 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BER93 UT WOS:000239186200055 ER PT S AU Melloh, R Mason, G Berini, C Bailey, R AF Melloh, Rae Mason, George Berini, Chris Bailey, Ronald BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Holloway, JH TI Spatial and temporal variation of 10-cm background soil moisture - art. no. 62171T SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI CY APR 17-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE spatial variability; soil moisture; high-resolution; dielectric constant; variogram ID DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY TDR; WATER CONTENT; VARIABILITY AB Soil moisture affects soil thermal and dielectric properties and may cause false alarms in detecting manmade objects when dielectric or thermal discontinuities exist in the soil. The spatial variability of soil moisture changes with time and it is important to understand this behavior because it is relevant for detection of small targets, and for modeling background moisture and temperature. Surface moisture of the top 6 cm of soil was sampled on regular grids with an impedance probe at a 0.1-m interval during wetting and drying events, both four days in duration. Maximum variances for data collected in August 2004 increased with decreasing mean moisture, as soil dried following a soaking rainfall. Maximum variances in June 2005 decreased over several days of intermittent rain as the soil rewetted following a prolonged drought. Spatially dependent ranges of approximately 0.5-m lag distance and exponential model fits were consistent among all the data sets, despite changes in moisture, moisture trend, and sample variance. The procession of spatial variation is described by variograms that transition from high to low maximum variances (sills) for wetting events, and from low to high maximum variances for drying events. A linear relationship between the maximum variance and mean of root epsilon was consistent for both years, except when the soil was incompletely wetted after a drought. The highest spatial variance in moisture that produced the most variable background for small target detection occurred as a consequence of the incomplete or uneven wetting following a drought. C1 USA, ERDC, CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Melloh, R (reprint author), USA, ERDC, CRREL, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6273-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6217 BP T2171 EP T2171 AR 62171T DI 10.1117/12.666221 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BER93 UT WOS:000239186200056 ER PT S AU North, RE AF North, Ryan E. BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Holloway, JH TI Comparison of two new portable magnetic susceptibility measurement systems - art. no. 62170U SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI CY APR 17-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE EMI; metal detector; landmine; demining; magnetic viscosity; UXO; magnetometer; magnetic susceptibility AB Magnetic soils confound both magnetometers and electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors when these sensors are being used to detect landmines and unexploded ordnance (UXO). The amplitude of the magnetic susceptibility of the target is the problematic physical characteristic for magnetic detection; whereas the variation of magnetic susceptibility as a function of frequency, or magnetic viscosity, is the problematic physical characteristic that limits EMI sensor's effectiveness for target detection. Quantifying the physical characteristics of the soils in which targets are located can potentially provide insight into new methods of detection. Two new production sensors, which measure magnetic susceptibility as a function of frequency, have been tested on paramagnetic salts and soil samples from sites that exhibit magnetic viscosity. The purpose was to document their response for comparison with other popular sensors such as the Bartington MS2 system or the Quantum Designs MPMS. One of the new sensors, the SM-100 sensor from ZH Instruments, measures magnetic susceptibility at five fixed frequencies (similar to 400Hz - 8 kHz) and six field strengths (10320 A/m). The MAGNASAT sensor, a recently developed tool from Queensland Magnetic Research, can measure over a wider frequency band (10 Hz to 100 kHz) at a single field strength (80 A/m). The MAGNASAT measures the both the real and complex components of the magnetic susceptibility, whereas the SM-100 only measures the real component. Both sensors are sensitive enough to measure diamagnetic materials such as water, however, which is useful in field settings. C1 USACE, ERDC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP North, RE (reprint author), USACE, ERDC, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6273-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6217 BP U2170 EP U2170 AR 62170U DI 10.1117/12.666426 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BER93 UT WOS:000239186200027 ER PT S AU Walls, R Brown, T Clodfelter, F Cours, J Laudato, S Lauziere, S Patrikar, A Poole, M Price, M AF Walls, Richard Brown, Todd Clodfelter, Fred Cours, Jeff Laudato, Stephen Lauziere, Steve Patrikar, Ajay Poole, Michael Price, Mike BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Holloway, JH TI Ground penetrating radar field evaluation in Angola - art. no. 62171Y SO Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI CY APR 17-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE landmine detection; humanitarian demining; mine stalker; NIITEK; ground penetrating radar; GPR; field evaluation; countermine; anti-tank mine AB Deminers around the globe are still using handheld metal detectors that lack the capability to distinguish mines from clutter, detect mines containing very little metal, or find mines buried at deeper depths. In the southern African country of Angola, many areas and roads are impassable due to the threat of anti-tank landmines. Some of these mines are undetectable using current metal detector technology. The US Army has funded the development of the NIITEK ground penetrating radar (GPR) for detection of anti-tank (AT) landmines. This radar detects metal and plastic mines as well as mines that are buried too deep for handheld metal detectors to find. The US Department of Defense Humanitarian Demining (HD) Research & Development Program focuses on developing, testing, demonstrating, and validating new technology for immediate use in humanitarian demining operations around the globe. The HD team provided funding and guidance to NIITEK Incorporated for development of a prototype system called Mine Stalker - a relatively lightweight, remote-controlled vehicle outfitted with the NIITEK GPR, detection algorithms, and a marking system. Individuals from the HD team, NIITEK Inc, and the non-governmental organization Meschen Gegen Minen (MgM) participated in a field evaluation of the Mine Stalker in Angola. The primary aim was to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of the NIITEK GPR under field conditions. The Mine Stalker was extremely reliable during the evaluation with no significant maintenance issues. All AT mines used to verify GPR performance were detected, even when buried to depths as deep as 25-33cm. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Walls, R (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6273-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6217 BP Y2171 EP Y2171 AR 62171Y DI 10.1117/12.664896 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BER93 UT WOS:000239186200059 ER PT S AU Ranney, K Kwon, H Soumekh, M AF Ranney, Kenneth Kwon, Heesung Soumekh, Mehrdad BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Holloway, JH TI Multi-band anomaly detection using signal subspace processing SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS XI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets XI CY APR 17-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE signal subspace processing; hyperspectral anomaly detection ID HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; SAR AB In the past, many researchers have approached the "Hyperspectral-imagery-anomaly-detection" problem from the point of view of classical detection theory. This perspective has resulted in the development of algorithms like RX (Reed-Xiaoli) and the application of processing techniques like PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and ICA (Independent Component Analysis)-algorithms and techniques that are based primarily on statistical and probabilistic considerations. In this paper we describe a new anomaly detection paradigm based on an adaptive filtering strategy known as "signal subspace processing". The signal-subspace-processing (SSP) techniques on which our algorithm is based have yielded solutions to a wide range of problems in the past (e.g. sensor calibration, target detection, and change detection). These earlier applications, however, utilized SSP to relate reference and test signals that were collected at different times. For our current application, we formulate an approach that relates signals from one spatial region in a hyperspectral image to those from a nearby spatial region in the same image. The motivation and development of the technique are described in detail throughout the course of the paper. We begin by developing the signal subspace processing anomaly detector (SSPAD) and proceed to illustrate how it arises naturally from the adaptive filtering formulation. We then compare the algorithm with existing anomaly-detection schemes, noting similarities and differences. Finally, we apply both the SSPAD and various existing anomaly detectors to a hyperspectral data set and compare the results via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ranney, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6273-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6217 AR 62172Y DI 10.1117/12.665967 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BER93 UT WOS:000239186200092 ER PT B AU Barnes, L Alvis, W Fields, M Valavanis, K Moreno, W AF Barnes, Laura Alvis, Wendy Fields, MaryAnne Valavanis, Kimon Moreno, Wilfrido BE Ceballos, S TI Heterogeneous swarm formation control using bivariate normal functions to generate potential fields SO DIS 2006: IEEE WORKSHOP ON DISTRIBUTED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS: COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE AND ITS APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Distributed Intelligent Systems CY JUN 15-16, 2006 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, IEEE Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc, Czech Tech Univ, Gerstner Lab, Czech Soc Cybernet & Informat, Taiwanese Assoc Artifical Intelligense, Action M Agcy AB A novel method is presented for dynamic heterogeneous swarm formation control with potential fields generated from bivariate normal probability density functions (pdfs) used to construct the surface which swarm members move on, controlling swarm geometry, individual member spacing, and managing obstacle avoidance. Limiting functions are,defined to provide tighter swarm control by modifying and adjusting a set of control variables forcing the swarm to behave according to set constraints. Bivariate normal functions and limiting functions are combined to guarantee obstacle avoidance and control swarm member orientation and swarm movement as a whole. This approach compared to others, is simple, computationally efficient, scales well, to different swarm sizes, to heterogeneous systems, and to both centralized and decentralized swarm models. The method is applied to a simple vehicle model and simulation results are presented for a heterogeneous swarm of ten robot vehicles following line and ellipse formations. C1 [Barnes, Laura; Alvis, Wendy; Fields, MaryAnne; Valavanis, Kimon; Moreno, Wilfrido] Univ S Florida, Dept CSE & EE, Ctr Robot Assisted Search & Rescue, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Fields, MaryAnne] US Army, Ballist Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Fields, M (reprint author), US Army, Ballist Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. FU U.S. Army Research Office (ARO) [W91-11NF-06-1-0069] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Army Research Office (ARO) Grant Number W91-11NF-06-1-0069. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2589-X PY 2006 BP 85 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BEQ54 UT WOS:000238916300014 ER PT B AU Modi, PJ Regli, W Mayk, I AF Modi, Pragnesh Jay Regli, William Mayk, Israel BE Ceballos, S TI The case for a reference model for agent-based systems SO DIS 2006: IEEE WORKSHOP ON DISTRIBUTED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS: COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE AND ITS APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Distributed Intelligent Systems CY JUN 15-16, 2006 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, IEEE Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc, Czech Tech Univ, Gerstner Lab, Czech Soc Cybernet & Informat, Taiwanese Assoc Artifical Intelligense, Action M Agcy AB The current state of the art in agent technology sees that several implementations of agent frameworks exist. However there is little agreement on the terms and concepts used to describe such systems, which is a significant barrier towards adoption of these technologies by industry, military and commercial entities. A clear definition of terms and concepts at an appropriate level of abstraction is needed to facilitate discussion, evaluation and adoption of these emerging agent technologies. In this paper we argue that a reference model for agent-based systems can fill this need. We discuss what a reference model is and why one is needed for agent-based systems. While the complete model is a work in progress, we present a preliminary version to motivate further discussion from the agents community at large. It is our hope that ultimately a wider community of practice will assume responsibility for the standardization similar to the way that the well-known seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model was a driving force underlying communications standards. C1 [Modi, Pragnesh Jay; Regli, William] Drexel Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Mayk, Israel] US Army, CERDEC C2D, AMSEL RD C2 SS T, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Modi, PJ (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2589-X PY 2006 BP 321 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BEQ54 UT WOS:000238916300051 ER PT J AU Adams, BD Sebastian, BM Carter, J AF Adams, BD Sebastian, BM Carter, J TI Honoring the admiral: Boerhaave-van Wassenaer's syndrome SO DISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS LA English DT Article DE Boerhaave's syndrome; Herman Boerhaave; historical; Jan Gerrit van Wassenaer; resuscitation; septic shock ID DISEASE; PHYSICIAN; LIFE AB Dr. Herman Boerhaave (1668-1738) first described esophageal rupture and the subsequent mediastinal sepsis based upon his careful clinical and autopsy findings and hundreds of references have since been written about Boerhaave's syndrome. Several fine historical accounts of this brilliant scientist have been published over the years and he has received appropriate credit for his valuable contributions. But what about that unfortunate propositus that Dr. Boerhaave attended to, performed necropsy upon, and subsequently received acclaim with? Medical history pays inadequate regard to the Baron Jan Gerrit van Wassenaer heer van Rosenberg, Prefect of Rhineland and Grand Admiral of the Dutch Fleet. This figure was a nobleman and war hero at the peak of the Dutch Golden Age who played his role in steering the course of European history. Without this nobleman's heroic contemporaneous account, Boerhaave's celebrated impact on medical science would never have been realized. Therefore, we offer an overdue recitation of Admiral van Wassenaer's biography. Based on found precedent we propose that spontaneous rupture of the esophagus be henceforth referred to as the 'Boerhaave-van Wassenaer's syndrome'. C1 USA, Dept Emergency Med, Med Corps, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USA, Dept Internal Med, Med Corps, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USA, Nurse Corps, Combat Support Hosp 228, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Adams, BD (reprint author), USA, Dept Emergency Med, Med Corps, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM bruce.adams@amedd.army.mil NR 55 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1120-8694 J9 DIS ESOPHAGUS JI Dis. Esophagus PY 2006 VL 19 IS 3 BP 146 EP 151 DI 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2006.00556.x PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 043YE UT WOS:000237638100002 PM 16722990 ER PT J AU Zhuang, GV Yang, H Ross, PN Xu, K Jow, TR AF Zhuang, GV Yang, H Ross, PN Xu, K Jow, TR TI Lithium methyl carbonate as a reaction product of metallic lithium and dimethyl carbonate SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-FILM FORMATION; LI-ION; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; ANODES; DECOMPOSITION; BATTERIES; ETHYLENE AB To improve the understanding of passive film formation on metallic lithium in organic electrolyte, we synthesized and characterized lithium methyl carbonate (LiOCO2CH3), a prototypical component of the film. The chemical structure of this compound was characterized with nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and its thermal stability and decomposition pathway was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The FTIR spectrum of chemically synthesized compound enabled us to resolve multiple products in the passive film on lithium in dimethyl carbonate. Lithium methyl carbonate is only one of the components, the others being lithium oxalate and lithium methoxide. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhuang, GV (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GVZhuang@lbl.gov RI Yang, Hui/B-3249-2012 OI Yang, Hui/0000-0003-4035-8894 NR 19 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 21 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2006 VL 9 IS 2 BP A64 EP A68 DI 10.1149/1.2142157 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 995YR UT WOS:000234142000008 ER PT J AU Gaydos, JC Top, FH Hodder, RA Russell, PK AF Gaydos, JC Top, FH Hodder, RA Russell, PK TI Swine influenza A outbreak, Fort Dix, New Jersey, 1976 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1976; VIRUS AB In early 1976, the novel A/New Jersey/76 (Hsw1N1) influenza virus caused severe respiratory illness in 13 soldiers with 1 death at Fort Dix, New Jersey. Since A/New Jersey was similar to the 1918-1919 pandemic virus, rapid outbreak assessment and enhanced surveillance were initiated. A/New Jersey virus was detected only from January 19 to February 9 and did not spread beyond Fort Dix. A/Victoria/75 (H3N2) spread simultaneously, also caused illness, and persisted until March. Up to 230 soldiers were infected with the A/New Jersey virus. Rapid recognition of A/New Jersey, swift outbreak assessment, and enhanced surveillance resulted from excellent collaboration between Fort Dix, New Jersey Department of Health, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, and Center for Disease Control personnel. Despite efforts to define the events at Fort Dix, many questions remain unanswered, including the following: Where did A/New Jersey come from? Why did transmission stop?. C1 US Dept Def, Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Response Sy, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Medimmune Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. NE Ctr Special Care, Lake Katrine, NY USA. Albert B Sabin Vaccine Inst, New Canaan, CT USA. RP Gaydos, JC (reprint author), US Dept Def, Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Response Sy, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Joel.Gaydos@na.amedd.army.mil NR 16 TC 82 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 999VU UT WOS:000234419700005 PM 16494712 ER PT J AU Richmond, AK Kaufmann, RK AF Richmond, Amy K. Kaufmann, Robert K. TI Energy prices and turning points: The relationship between income and energy use/carbon emissions SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE; CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; ECONOMIC-GROWTH; COINTEGRATION TESTS; GDP AB Models used to test whether an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) can be used to describe the relationship between GDP and energy use and/or carbon emissions may be biased by the omission of energy prices. Here we include real energy prices and fuel shares in models that describe energy use and carbon emissions. We test if these models show a turning point in OECD countries. Results indicate that including energy prices eliminates statistical support for a turning point and suggest that the relationship between income and both energy use and carbon emissions is represented most accurately by diminishing returns. These results imply that economic growth per se will not reduce energy use or emissions that cause global climate change. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Richmond, AK (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, 745 Brewerton Rd, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM amy.richmond@usma.edu; kaufmann@bu.edu NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERG J JI Energy J. PY 2006 VL 27 IS 4 BP 157 EP 180 PG 24 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090BD UT WOS:000240924700007 ER PT S AU Szoboszlay, Z Jennings, C Tiana, C AF Szoboszlay, Zoltan Jennings, Chad Tiana, Carlo BE Verly, JG Guell, JJ TI Synthetic vision for rotorcraft: Low level flight - art. no. 62260N SO Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2006 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2006 Conference CY APR 17-18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE synthetic vision; flight path marker; radar; fusion; ATP-FPM; IMSIS AB Two topics are discussed in this paper. The first is the Integrated Multi-sensor Synthetic Imagery System (IMSIS), being developed under an Army SBIR contract. The system updates on-board, pre-stored, terrain elevation data with 3D terrain elevation sensor data (such as radar). The system also merges 2D image contrast sensor data (such as infrared imagery) with the updated 3D terrain elevation data to render a synthetic image of the terrain on the rotorcraft pilot's display. The second topic is the testing of a new flight path marker, to show the pilot the predicted location of the aircraft with respect to the synthetic terrain (at 100m distance), as well as the predicted height above the terrain, the desired height above the terrain, and the point on the terrain the aircraft is expected to fly over. The Altitude and ground Track Predicting Flight Path Marker (ATP-FPM) symbol takes advantage of knowledge of terrain elevations ahead of the aircraft from a synthetic vision system, such as IMSIS. In simulation, the maximum low altitude error and maximum ground track error were both reduced by a factor of 2 with the ATP-FPM compared to the traditional instantaneous flight path marker. Pilot-to-pilot variations in performance were reduced and workload decreased with the ATP-FPM. C1 USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Ames Res Ctr, Aeroflightdynam Directorate AMRDEC, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Szoboszlay, Z (reprint author), USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Ames Res Ctr, Aeroflightdynam Directorate AMRDEC, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6282-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6226 BP N2260 EP N2260 AR 62260N DI 10.1117/12.667891 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BEU95 UT WOS:000239569900023 ER PT J AU Gertner, G Wang, GX Anderson, AB AF Gertner, G Wang, GX Anderson, AB TI Determination of frequency for remeasuring ground and vegetation cover factor needed for soil erosion modeling SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE geostatistics; optimal sampling design; soil erosion models; spatial and temporal variability ID OPTIMAL SAMPLING SCHEMES; REGIONALIZED VARIABLES; LOCAL ESTIMATION; DESIGN; TIME; SPACE; NETWORKS; PROGRAM AB Determining a remeasurement frequency of variables over time is required in monitoring environmental systems. This article demonstrates methods based on regression modeling and spatio-temporal variability to determine the time interval to remeasure the ground and vegetation cover factor on permanent plots for monitoring a soil erosion system. The spatio-temporal variability methods include use of historical data to predict semivariograms, modeling average temporal variability, and temporal interpolation by two-step kriging. The results show that for the cover factor, the relative errors of the prediction increase with an increased length of time interval between remeasurements when using the regression and semivariogram models. Given precision or accuracy requirements, appropriate time intervals can be determined. However, the remeasurement frequency also varies depending on the prediction interval time. As an alternative method, the range parameter of a semivariogram model can be used to quantify average temporal variability that approximates the maximum time interval between remeasurements. This method is simpler than regression and semivariogram modeling, but it requires a long-term dataset based on permanent plots. In addition, the temporal interpolation by two-step kriging is also used to determine the time interval. This method is applicable when remeasurements in time are not sufficient. If spatial and temporal remeasurements are sufficient, it can be expanded and applied to design spatial and temporal sampling simultaneously. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USA Corps Engineers, CERL, Champaign, IL USA. RP Gertner, G (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM gertner@uiuc.edu NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 37 IS 1 BP 84 EP 97 DI 10.1007/s00267-004-0152-4 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 996ZC UT WOS:000234213800007 PM 16328678 ER PT J AU Strigul, N Braida, W Christodoulatos, C Balas, W Nicolich, S AF Strigul, N Braida, W Christodoulatos, C Balas, W Nicolich, S TI The assessment of the energetic compound 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) degradability in soil SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE CL-20; plant uptake; aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation; soil ID NITRAMINE EXPLOSIVE CL-20; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; ALKALINE-HYDROLYSIS; BIODEGRADATION; BIOTRANSFORMATION; SOLUBILITY; SORPTION; RDX; HMX AB CL-20 is a relatively new energetic compound with applications in explosive and propellant formulations. Currently, information about the fate of CL-20 in ecological systems is scarce. The aim of this study is to evaluate the biodegradability of CL-20 in soil environments. Four soils were used where initial CL-20 concentrations (above water solubility) ranged from 125 to 1500 mg of CL-20 per kg dry soil (corresponding to the concentrations derived from unexploded ordnance, low order detonation, or manufacturing spills). CL-20 appears to be biodegradable in soil under anaerobic conditions, and additions of organic substrates can substantially accelerate this process. However, CL-20 is not degraded in soil under aerobic conditions kept in the dark at temperatures up to 30 degrees C without organic amendments. Additions of starch or cellulose promote the biodegradation of CL-20 under aerobic conditions. Soil microbial community mediated biodegradation and plant uptake appears to enhance CL-20 biodegradation, the latter suggesting a possible route for CL-20 to entry in the food chain. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Stevens Inst Technol, Ctr Environm Syst, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Braida, W (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Ctr Environm Syst, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM wbraida@stevens.edu RI Strigul, Nick/C-3987-2016 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 139 IS 2 BP 353 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.05.002 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 017NU UT WOS:000235701100016 PM 16024150 ER PT S AU McMillen, RI Haubner, DR Srinivas, R Proni, JR AF McMillen, R. I. Haubner, D. R. Srinivas, R. Proni, J. R. BE Brebbia, CA TI Racing against time, an unprecedented year: the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) response to the hurricanes of 2004 SO Environmental Problems in Coastal Regions VI: Including Oil Spill Studies SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Environmental Problems in Coastal Regions CY JUN 05-07, 2006 CL Rhodes, GREECE SP Wesse Inst Technol, WIT Transact Ecol & Environm DE beach and dune erosion; hurricane impacts; storm damage; coastal management; post-storm recovery; storm response; shore protection project; storm surge; beach nourishment; US Army Corps of Engineers AB The hurricane season of 2004 brought significant damage to the southeast United States through wind, wave, and flooding effects. Executing the recovery missions resulted in enormous workloads and many logistical challenges as hurricane after hurricane continued to impact the southeast. The US Army Corps of Engineers were tasked with several key missions to assist victims of the hurricanes in recovery efforts and in preparing for the next hurricane season. One element of this mission, requiring an emergency response to hurricane impacts on Federal Shore Protection Projects totalling nearly 82 miles of coastal shoreline, resulted in the placement of nearly 18 million cubic yards of sand to mitigate for the hurricane impacts and restore the projects to their authorized design levels. Although these projects experienced large erosion losses due to the prolonged storms, they performed as intended and designed. This paper presents the impacts of the 2004 hurricane season on the Federal projects, their performance during the storms, and the resulting emergency restoration efforts. This paper also provides comparisons of hurricane impacts on protected shorelines versus non-protected shorelines; such comparisons highlight the successes of beach nourishment. C1 USACE, Project Management Div, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP McMillen, RI (reprint author), USACE, Project Management Div, Jacksonville, FL USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1746-448X BN 1-84564-167-1 J9 WIT TRANS ECOL ENVIR PY 2006 VL 88 BP 205 EP 214 DI 10.2495/CENV060201 PG 10 WC Ecology; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering; Water Resources GA BET11 UT WOS:000239398400020 ER PT S AU Sliney, DH Chaney, E AF Sliney, DH Chaney, E BE Ghetti, F Checcucci, G Bornman, JF TI Basic concepts of radiation SO ENVIRONMENTAL UV RADIATION: IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN HEALTH AND PREDICTIVE MODELS SE NATO Science Series IV Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Environmental UV Radiation - Impact on Ecosystems and Human Health and Predictive Models CY JUN, 2001 CL Pisa, ITALY C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sliney, DH (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1238 BN 1-4020-3695-7 J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences PY 2006 VL 57 BP 5 EP 23 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BDY21 UT WOS:000236077800002 ER PT S AU Sliney, DH AF Sliney, DH BE Ghetti, F Checcucci, G Bornman, JF TI Ultraviolet radiation and the eye SO ENVIRONMENTAL UV RADIATION: IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN HEALTH AND PREDICTIVE MODELS SE NATO Science Series IV Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Environmental UV Radiation - Impact on Ecosystems and Human Health and Predictive Models CY JUN, 2001 CL Pisa, ITALY ID POSTERIOR SUBCAPSULAR CATARACTS; CORNEAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; BEAVER DAM EYE; RISK-FACTORS; MACULAR DEGENERATION; UVEAL MELANOMA; LIGHT EXPOSURE; UV-RADIATION; MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; OCULAR-TISSUES C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sliney, DH (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 119 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1238 BN 1-4020-3695-7 J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences PY 2006 VL 57 BP 259 EP 278 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BDY21 UT WOS:000236077800020 ER PT J AU Grabenstein, JD Piffman, PR Greenwood, JT Engler, RJM AF Grabenstein, John D. Piffman, Phillip R. Greenwood, John T. Engler, Renata J. M. TI Immunization to protect the US Armed Forces: Heritage, current practice, and prospects SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE biological warfare; endemic diseases; history; immunization; immunoglobulins; mass screening; military personnel; vaccines ID UNITED-STATES-ARMY; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; PUBLIC-HEALTH MANAGEMENT; VIRUS-VACCINE TRIAL; VALLEY FEVER VIRUS; VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS; TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; OPERATION DESERT-STORM; REPORTING SYSTEM VAERS AB Americans serving with the US Armed Forces need protection from the dangerous infections that they can contract during training, based on occupation, during overseas deployment, or because of underlying health status. For over 230 years, the military health-care system has immunized troops to protect them personally and to help them accomplish their missions. Military researchers have invented, developed, and improved vaccines and immunization delivery methods against more than 20 diseases. This article consolidates content from several previous historical reviews, adds additional sources, and cites primary literature regarding military contributions and accomplishments. Discussion emphasizes smallpox, typhoid fever, tetanus, influenza, meningococcal disease, adenovirus, yellow fever, pneumococcal disease, and anthrax. Delivery issues include documentation, simultaneous immunization, seroscreening, safety surveillance, jet injection, and cold-chain management. Immunization policies for each major US conflict are described. Military immunization programs need to be individualized on the basis of personal contraindications and prior immunity. The proper conduct of military immunization programs respects the need for detailed education of military personnel, maximizes quality in immunization delivery, and supports quality clinical care to prevent and treat adverse events after immunization. Military immunization programs maintain the health of soldiers, marines, sailors, airmen, and coast guardsmen, the resources most critical to military success. C1 USA, Off Surg Gen, Mil Vaccine Agcy, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Allergy Immunol Dept, Vaccine Healthcare Ctr Network, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Grabenstein, JD (reprint author), USA, Off Surg Gen, Mil Vaccine Agcy, 5113 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. EM john.grabenstein@us.army.mil NR 325 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 2006 VL 28 BP 3 EP 26 DI 10.1093/epirev/mxj003 PG 24 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 068QI UT WOS:000239389100002 PM 16763072 ER PT J AU Erickson, JC Clapp, LE Ford, G Jabbari, B AF Erickson, JC Clapp, LE Ford, G Jabbari, B TI Somatosensory auras in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article DE temporal lobe epilepsy; aura; somatosensory seizure; epilepsy surgery ID 2ND SENSORY AREA; CLINICAL-MANIFESTATIONS; SEIZURES; STIMULATION AB Purpose: To determine the prevalence, manifestations, lateralizing value, and surgical prognostic value of somatosensory auras (SSAs) in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Methods: Eighty-one consecutive patients undergoing temporal lobectomy for refractory complex-partial seizures were screened for SSAs. The characteristics of the somatosensory phenomena, occurrence of other aura types, seizure semiology, findings of EEG and imaging studies, temporal lobe neuropathology, and postoperative seizure outcome were determined in each patient with SSAs. Results: Nine (11%) of 81 patients with refractory temporal lobe seizures reported distinct SSAs as part of their habitual seizures. The most common manifestation of SSAs was tingling (eight of nine, 89%), but sensory loss (one of nine, 11%) and pain (one of nine, 11%) also were reported. Five patients had unilateral somatosensory symptoms, and four patients had bilateral somatosensory symptoms. Seizure origin was in the contralateral temporal lobe in four (80%) of five patients with unilateral SSAs, including all patients with unilateral SSAs affecting a limb. Partial temporal lobe resection produced complete seizure remission in all nine (100%) patients 1 year after surgery and in seven (78%) of nine patients 2 years after surgery. Conclusions: SSAs occur more frequently than previously appreciated in patients with refractory temporal lobe seizures and usually manifest as either unilateral or bilateral tingling. In patients with temporal lobe seizures, unilateral SSAs involving a limb suggest a seizure origin in the contralateral temporal lobe. The surgical outcome of TLE patients with SSAs is favorable. Thus the presence of SSAs should not serve as a deterrent to temporal lobe resection in patients with clearly defined TLE. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Erickson, JC (reprint author), Madigan Army Med Ctr, Neurol Serv, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. EM Jay.Erickson@amedd.army.mil RI shengkun, yu/B-8440-2012 NR 24 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PD JAN PY 2006 VL 47 IS 1 BP 202 EP 206 DI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00388.x PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 999PV UT WOS:000234403200026 PM 16417550 ER PT J AU Leus, G Giannakis, G Linnartz, JP Ma, XL Swami, A Tepedelenlioglu, C AF Leus, Geert Giannakis, Georgios Linnartz, Jean-Paul Ma, Xiaoli Swami, Ananthram Tepedelenlioglu, Cihan TI Reliable communications over rapidly time-varying channels SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON APPLIED SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Delft Univ Technol, Fac Elect Engn Math & Comp Sci, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands. Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Philips Res Labs, NL-5656 AA Eindhoven, Netherlands. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Leus, G (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Fac Elect Engn Math & Comp Sci, Mekelweg 4, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1110-8657 J9 EURASIP J APPL SIG P JI EURASIP J Appl. Signal Process. PY 2006 AR 39672 DI 10.1155/ASP/2006/39672 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 106EX UT WOS:000242084900001 ER PT J AU Misra, S Swami, A Tong, L AF Misra, Saswat Swami, Ananthram Tong, Lang TI Optimal training for time-selective wireless fading channels using cutoff rate SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON APPLIED SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID SYMBOL ASSISTED MODULATION; TRANSMISSIONS; CAPACITY; ERRORS; OFDM AB We consider the optimal allocation of resources - power and bandwidth - between training and data transmissions for single-user time-selective Rayleigh flat-fading channels under the cutoff rate criterion. The transmitter exploits statistical channel state information (CSI) in the form of the channel Doppler spectrum to embed pilot symbols into the transmission stream. At the receiver, instantaneous, though imperfect, CSI is acquired through minimum mean-square estimation of the channel based on some set of pilot observations. We compute the ergodic cutoff rate for this scenario. Assuming estimator-based interleaving and M-PSK inputs, we study two special cases in-depth. First, we derive the optimal resource allocation for the Gauss-Markov correlation model. Next, we validate and refine these insights by studying resource allocation for the Jakes model. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Misra, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1110-8657 J9 EURASIP J APPL SIG P JI EURASIP J Appl. Signal Process. PY 2006 AR 47245 DI 10.1155/ASP/2006/47245 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 106EY UT WOS:000242085000001 ER PT J AU Yatawatta, S Petropulu, AP Graff, CJ AF Yatawatta, Sarod Petropulu, Athina P. Graff, Charles J. TI Energy-efficient channel estimation in MIMO systems SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING LA English DT Article AB The emergence of MIMO communications systems as practical high- data- rate wireless communications systems has created several technical challenges to be met. On the one hand, there is potential for enhancing system performance in terms of capacity and diversity. On the other hand, the presence of multiple transceivers at both ends has created additional cost in terms of hardware and energy consumption. For coherent detection as well as to do optimization such as water filling and beamforming, it is essential that the MIMO channel is known. However, due to the presence of multiple transceivers at both the transmitter and receiver, the channel estimation problem is more complicated and costly compared to a SISO system. Several solutions have been proposed to minimize the computational cost, and hence the energy spent in channel estimation of MIMO systems. We present a novel method of minimizing the overall energy consumption. Unlike existing methods, we consider the energy spent during the channel estimation phase which includes transmission of training symbols, storage of those symbols at the receiver, and also channel estimation at the receiver. We develop a model that is independent of the hardware or software used for channel estimation, and use a divide- and- conquer strategy to minimize the overall energy consumption. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USA, RDECOM CERDEC STCD, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Yatawatta, S (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Yatawatta, Sarod/E-6037-2013 OI Yatawatta, Sarod/0000-0001-5619-4017 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-1499 J9 EURASIP J WIREL COMM JI EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw. PY 2006 AR 27694 DI 10.1155/WCN/2006/27694 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 093BG UT WOS:000241141600001 ER PT J AU Navarrete-Vazquez, G Rojano-Vilchis, MD Yepez-Mulia, L Melendez, V Gerena, L Hernandez-Campos, A Castillo, R Hernandez-Luis, F AF Navarrete-Vazquez, G Rojano-Vilchis, MD Yepez-Mulia, L Melendez, V Gerena, L Hernandez-Campos, A Castillo, R Hernandez-Luis, F TI Synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of some 2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzimidazole bioisosteres SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE benzimidazoles; Trichomonas vaginalis; bioisosteric replacement ID ANTIPARASITIC ACTIVITY; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; RESISTANCE; DERIVATIVES AB A series of 2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzimidazole derivatives with various 5- and 6-position bioisosteric substituents (-Cl, -F, -CF3, -CN), namely 1-7, were prepared using a short synthetic route. Each analogue was tested in vitro against the protozoa Giardia intestinalis and Trichomonas vaginalis in comparison with albendazole and metronidazole. Several analogues had IC50 values < 1 mu M against both species, which make them significantly more potent than either standard. Compound 4 [2,5(6)-bis(trifluorornethyl)-1H-betizimidazole], was 14 times more active than albendazole against T vaginalis. This compound (4) also showed moderate antimalarial activity against W2 and D6 strains of Plasmodium falciparum (5.98 and 6.12 M, respectively). Studying further structure activity relationships through the use of bioisosteric substitution in these benzimidazolic derivatives should provide new leads against protozoal and possibly malarial diseases. (c) 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Farm, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. IMSS, Unidad Invest Med Enfermedades Infecc & Parasitar, Mexico City 06720, DF, Mexico. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol & Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Navarrete-Vazquez, G (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Farm, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. EM gabriel_navarrete@uaem.mx OI Navarrete-Vazquez, Gabriel/0000-0001-5344-4762 NR 13 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0223-5234 J9 EUR J MED CHEM JI Eur. J. Med. Chem. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 135 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.ejmech.2005.09.001 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 022XG UT WOS:000236088800016 PM 16260067 ER PT J AU Day, WA Maurelli, AT AF Day, William A. Maurelli, Anthony T. BE Seifert, SF DiRita, V TI BLACK HOLES AND ANTIVIRULENCE GENES: SELECTION FOR GENE LOSS AS PART OF THE EVOLUTION OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS SO EVOLUTION OF MICROBIAL PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENTEROINVASIVE ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SHIGELLA-FLEXNERI; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; PATHOADAPTIVE MUTATIONS; IRON TRANSPORT; ISLAND; SEQUENCE; PROTEASE; CURLI; IDENTIFICATION C1 [Day, William A.] USA, Bacteriol Div, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Maurelli, Anthony T.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Day, WA (reprint author), USA, Bacteriol Div, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-562-2 PY 2006 BP 109 EP 122 PG 14 WC Microbiology; Pathology SC Microbiology; Pathology GA BPD92 UT WOS:000278637000007 ER PT J AU Jonas, WB Ives, JA Rollwagen, F Denman, DW Hintz, K Hammer, M Crawford, C Henry, K AF Jonas, WB Ives, JA Rollwagen, F Denman, DW Hintz, K Hammer, M Crawford, C Henry, K TI Can specific biological signals be digitized? SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE social management of science; controversial science claims; electromagnetic signals; digital biology; thrombin; fibrinogen; coagulation ID HUMAN BASOPHIL DEGRANULATION; DILUTE ANTISERUM; IGE; INHIBITION; ACTIVATION; HISTAMINE AB At the request of the United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, we attempted to replicate the data of Professor Jacques Benveniste that digital signals recorded on a computer disc produce specific biological effects. The hypothesis was that a digitized thrombin inhibitor signal would inhibit the fibrinogen-thrombin coagulation pathway. Because of the controversies associated with previous research of Prof. Benveniste, we developed a system for the management of social controversy in science that incorporated an expert in social communication and conflict management. The social management approach was an adaptation of interactional communication theory, for management of areas that interfere with the conduct of good science. This process allowed us to successfully complete a coordinated effort by a multidisciplinary team, including Prof. Benveniste, a hematologist, engineer, skeptic, statistician, neuroscientist and conflict management expert. Our team found no replicable effects from digital signals. Jonas, W. B., Ives, J. A., Rollwagen, F., Denman, D. W., Hintz K., Hammer, M., Crawford, C., Henry, K. Can specific biological signals be digitized? C1 Samueli Inst Informat Biol, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. Def Advance Res Projects Agcy, Arlington, VA USA. RP Jonas, WB (reprint author), 1700 Diagonal Rd,Suite 400, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. EM wjonas@siib.org NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1096/fj.05-3815hyp PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 021PU UT WOS:000235996000040 PM 16394263 ER PT J AU Cole, MW Nothwang, WD Carman, GP AF Cole, M. W. Nothwang, W. D. Carman, G. P. TI Advanced Active Thin Films for the Next Generation of Meso-Micro Scale Army Applications SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE active thin films; ferroelectrics; army applications; meso-micro scale materials applications AB The US Army Workshop on "Advanced Active Thin Films for the Next Generation of Meso-Micro Scale Army Applications" was held at the Hilton Sandestin Beach Golf Resort in Destin FL May 10-12 2005. This workshop was dedicated to the memory of Dr. Bruce Fink of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. Dr. Fink was a strong leader, a visionary, and a proponent of novel research that supported the survivability of the soldier in the field. Dr. Fink's selfless attitude, encouragement, and unconditional support for the solider provided the motivation for organizing this topical workshop on "Advanced Active Thin Films for the Next Generation of Meso-Micro Scale Army Applications". This workshop consisted of 35 invited oral presentations, spread over a three day duration. Each presentation was focused on a particular aspect, issue, or research facet associated with the current state-of-the-art and/or future thrust areas for active thin films technology. Approximately 120 scientists, engineers and technology applications specialists attended and participated in this workshop and this journal volume, Ferroelectrics, serves to disseminate the science and engineering brought fourth in this workshop. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mcole@arl.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2006 VL 342 BP V EP IX DI 10.1080/00150190600946047 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 103CA UT WOS:000241862100001 ER PT J AU Cole, MW Geyer, RG Nothwang, WD AF Cole, M. W. Geyer, R. G. Nothwang, W. D. TI Unpatterned ferroelectric thin film measurements for optimization of perovskite oxide thin film based microwave devices SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Advanced Active Thin Films for Meso-Micro Scale Applications CY MAY 10-12, 2005 CL Destin, FL SP USA DE OTM antennas; ferroelectric thin films; phase shifter; unpatterned microwave measurements ID CAPACITORS; CERAMICS AB The Army's Future Force (FF) antennas require increased bandwidth for multimission communications; increased antenna gain for robust communications and range extension; increased mobility for high data rate on-the-move (OTM) communications; and undetectable antenna visual signatures for low probably of mission detection and increased survivability. Electronic scanning antennas (ESA's) are the key components for such advanced communication systems. ESA's provide rapid scanning capability, which enables modes such as multiple target tracking, track while scan, and sensor fusion operation. One of the major challenges, which must be overcome before such advanced ESA systems can be realized, is the development of affordable, low loss, high tunability, low power, lightweight, and high performance microwave frequency phase shifters. The enabling technology for such phase shifters is centered on the development of single-phase nanometer-scale constituent perovskite oxide thin films with enhanced dielectric, insulating, and microstructural properties. The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has successfully designed, fabricated, characterized, and optimized, novel pure and acceptor doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) based thin films on MgO substrates with excellent microwave material properties. Pure and 1-mol% Mg doped BST thin films were fabricated by the metalorganic solution deposition (MOSD) technique and the film's dielectric properties were characterized at microwave frequency via a tuned coupled-split dielectric resonator technique developed at NIST Using this measurement technique, for first time ever, has allowed the true "singular" dielectric loss (tan E) and permittivity (er) of the BST-based films to be assessed and optimized without the influence of device design (radiative losses) and electrode metallization (conductor losses). C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Tecchnol Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mcole@arl.army.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2006 VL 342 BP 83 EP + DI 10.1080/00150190600946229 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 103CA UT WOS:000241862100009 ER PT J AU Grinfeld, P Grinfeld, M AF Grinfeld, P. Grinfeld, M. TI Thermodynamic aspects of equilibrium shape and growth of crystalline films with electromechanical interaction SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Advanced Active Thin Films for Meso-Micro Scale Applications CY MAY 10-12, 2005 CL Destin, FL SP USA DE Gibbs thermodynamics; equilibrium shape of deformable crystals; stress driven rearrangement instabilities; phase transformations; electromechanical interaction ID INSTABILITY; CONDUCTORS AB In recent decades, the theory and applications of the Gibbs equilibrium thermodynamics of heterogeneous systems have been advanced in several directions. In particular, the stability theory of heterogeneous systems with solid phases has already been proven valuable in many traditional and novel areas, including the ones where stress driven rearrangement destabilization is accompanied by electrostatic and magnetostatic fields. We believe that these areas would benefit from an appropriate extension of the Gibbs thermodynamic principles that combine nonlinear elastic effects with electrostatics and magnetostatics. We present the exact nonlinear equilibrium equations for heterogeneous systems with nonlinear phases. We then derive the second energy variation and present its applications to the problems of stability of heterogeneous systems with electromechanical interaction of solid components. In particular, we discuss the problems of equilibrium shapes and stability of deformable crystalline conductors, dielectrics, and ferroelectrics. Finally, we discuss applications of the general theory to the classical problem of Thomson of phase nucleation on conductors. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Math, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Grinfeld, M (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Math, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM pg@mit.edu; mgreenfield@arl.army.mil NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2006 VL 342 BP 89 EP + DI 10.1080/00150190600946252 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 103CA UT WOS:000241862100010 ER PT J AU Sarraf, S Rulli, L AF Sarraf, S. Rulli, L. TI Low cost, broadband tunable ferroelectric filters for JTRS Cluster 5 applications SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Advanced Active Thin Films for Meso-Micro Scale Applications CY MAY 10-12, 2005 CL Destin, FL SP USA DE thin-film ferroelectric; JTRS Cluster 5; software defined radio; BST AB Tunable ferroelectric ceramic capacitors have shown great promise in reducing the size, weight, and power (SWAP) of traditional varactor-based devices. Ferroelectric devices fabricated from Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) have been demonstrated in the laboratory and are just now becoming available for commercial narrowband applications. This paper presents some of the tradeoffs in designing a small form factor (SFF), easily manufacturable, broadband tunable filter utilizing high volume, low-cost BST devices. Development status for filters that cover the 225 MHz to 2.7 GHz frequency range with superior narrowband performance, low in-band insertion loss, and high out-of-band rejection that is directly applicable to the stringent requirements of Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) Cluster 5 Software Defined Radio (SDR) is also presented. These Manufacturing Readiness Level (MRL) 4 filters currently provide a 50% reduction in size over traditional approaches, and future short-term plans promise further reductions in unit production cost (UPC) and SWAP. C1 USA, Commun Elect Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Space & Terr Commun Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Sarraf, S (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Space & Terr Commun Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. EM S.steven.sarraf@sri.com; lisa.rulli@us.army.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2006 VL 342 BP 129 EP + DI 10.1080/00150190600946286 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 103CA UT WOS:000241862100013 ER PT J AU Dipierro, S Nemeroff, J Orpilla, M Rulli, L AF Dipierro, S. Nemeroff, J. Orpilla, M. Rulli, L. TI Soldier-Level Communications Environment (SLICE)/Soldier Radio Waveform (SEW) SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Advanced Active Thin Films for Meso-Micro Scale Applications CY MAY 10-12, 2005 CL Destin, FL SP USA DE SLICE; software defined radio; SRW; wideband waveform; JTRS; NSFF AB Future Combat Systems (FCS) and Future Force Warrior (FFW) will rely on unattended, tactical sensors to detect and identify enemy targets to avoid enemy fires and enable precise networked fire to survive on the future battlefield with less armor protection. Successful implementation of these sensor fields requires a communications network infrastructure to disseminate sensor data and provide relevant and accurate situational awareness information to the tactical common operating picture. Networked Sensors for the Future Force (NSFF) Advanced Technology Demonstration (ATD) Communications is realizing this capability with advanced communications technologies developed under the Soldier Level Integrated Communications Environment (SLICE) Soldier Radio Waveform (SRW) project. These technologies include robust, self-organizing/healing networking protocols, energy management techniques, and secure, jam resistant radio equipment for a significantly enhanced communications capability that will transition to the Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS). CERDEC laboratory and field demonstrations in 2004 will be reviewed to show early SRW development in preparation for the NSFF ATD as well as development of affordable systems for disposable sensor applications. C1 USA, Commun Elect Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Space & Terr Commun Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. Booz Allen Hamilton, Eatontown, NJ 07724 USA. RP Rulli, L (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Space & Terr Commun Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. EM lisa.rulli@us.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2006 VL 342 BP 141 EP + DI 10.1080/00150190600946294 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 103CA UT WOS:000241862100014 ER PT J AU Potenziani, E AF Potenziani, Ernest, II TI Current and future trends in military electronic warfare systems and the role of thin films and related materials SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Advanced Active Thin Films for Meso-Micro Scale Applications CY MAY 10-12, 2005 CL Destin, FL SP USA DE ferroelectrics; filters; magnetostatic surface waves; ferrites; phase shifters; metamaterials ID PHASE SHIFTERS AB Modern warfare has made impressive strides in the past century, especially in the areas of communications, RADAR and surveillance. On the opposite side of the coin are the military SIGINT (SIGnal INTelligence) systems which attempt to detect, copy, jam and geolocate signals emitted by radios, RADARs, etc. as a means of providing the commander with a reasonable visualization of the Battlefield and with an EOB (Electronic Order of Battle). Military SIGINT platforms are taxed to the limit of modern technology in trying to cover the spectrum from HF to Ka band, sometimes over an enormous dynamic range. This paper will attempt to present a general overview of current and future Army SIGINT systems along with the role thin films (such as ferrites, ferroelectrics, magnetostatic films, metamaterials, etc) can play in devices such as filters, phase shifters, limiters, smart antennas, etc. for extending their usefulness into the 21st century. C1 USA, CERDEC, Intelligence & Informat Warfare Directorate, AMSRD,CER,IW,II, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Potenziani, E (reprint author), USA, CERDEC, Intelligence & Informat Warfare Directorate, AMSRD,CER,IW,II, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. EM ernest.potenziani@us.army.mil NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2006 VL 342 BP 151 EP + DI 10.1080/00150190600946302 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 103CA UT WOS:000241862100015 ER PT J AU Perlman, B Katehi, L Ballato, A Engheta, N Peroulis, D Mohammadi, S AF Perlman, Barry Katehi, Linda Ballato, Arthur Engheta, Nader Peroulis, Dimitris Mohammadi, Saeed TI Nanotechnology and active thin films for compact RF components and agile systems SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Advanced Active Thin Films for Meso-Micro Scale Applications CY MAY 10-12, 2005 CL Destin, FL SP USA DE sensors; agile communications; antennas; active thin films ID PACKAGE; MEMS; MICROSWITCHES; RESONATORS; NANOTUBES; DEVICES AB The development of compact sensor and agile communications equipment together with electronically steerable antenna arrays for high mobility, on-the-move networking can be enhanced by use of nanoscale active thin film resonators, high stability frequency sources, integrated on-chip filters and complementary radiating structures supported by agile frequency selective surfaces. For mobile uses such as cell phones and highly mobile tactical communications, size and cost are severe additional constraints. Such systems also require miniaturized, high-Q passive components and interconnects which allow for high performance, including low noise, reduced coupling and reduced out-of-band interference, small volume and high-density. Active thin films can also be used to implement high quality, resonators and tunable filters for use in high-density chip-based RFICs. Advanced filter technology using active thin films will enable a high level of integration. Such components would enable a system-on-a-chip architecture. Use of metamaterial frequency selective surfaces formed by fractal-space filling-curve inclusions, together with non-linear thin film elements or photonically-activated thin-film elements at a certain point(s) of each inclusion can be used to realize surface characteristics that can be potentially changed by an external field or an external optical signal. Finally, dense networks of carbon nanotube resonators offer the possibility of realizing CMOS-compatible reconfigurable systems and architectures. C1 USA, RDECOM, Commun Elect Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Perlman, B (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, Commun Elect Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. EM B.Perlman@ieee.org; Katehi@purdue.edu; Engheta@ee.penn.edu NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2006 VL 342 BP 163 EP + DI 10.1080/00150190600946328 PG 25 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 103CA UT WOS:000241862100016 ER PT J AU Ratches, JA AF Ratches, James A. TI Current and future trends in military night vision applications SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Advanced Active Thin Films for Meso-Micro Scale Applications CY MAY 10-12, 2005 CL Destin, FL SP USA DE electro-optics; cooled and uncooled thermal imaging; low light level imaging; lasers; ATR AB The Army's grand sensor challenges for night vision operations are presented as well as the focused technology quests that offer solutions to the challenges. The technology quests include all solid state low light level TV cameras, mercury cadmium telluride IR detectors on silicon substrates, uncooled thermal imaging, eyesafe laser imaging and aided target recognition. The operational applications, current systems approaches, and technical goals are discussed and the potential breakthroughs are identified. Research opportunities are suggested that could enable new system capabilities, including areas of advanced active thin film research. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Ratches, JA (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. EM jratches@nvl.army.mil NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2006 VL 342 BP 183 EP + DI 10.1080/00150190600946351 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 103CA UT WOS:000241862100017 ER PT J AU Carlucci, DE Cordes, J Hahn, J Frydman, A AF Carlucci, Donald E. Cordes, Jennifer Hahn, James Frydman, Abraham TI Electronics and the gun environment SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Advanced Active Thin Films for Meso-Micro Scale Applications CY MAY 10-12, 2005 CL Destin, FL SP USA DE gun launch; gun hardening; muzzle exit; shot exit; electronics; MEMS; projectile dynamics; in-bore dynamics; balloting AB Current advances in gun launched projectiles demand the incorporation of on board electronics. These on board electronics consist of both conventional ceramic and plastic encapsulated components as well as Micro-Electronic-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS). The materials used in all of these devices are usually brittle in nature and contain coatings that are critical to device operation. The physical environment of a typical gun firing is described. The terms used in the design of a projectile are explained and design "rules of thumb" are set forth. C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Anal & Evaluat Technol Div, Dover, NJ 07806 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Carlucci, DE (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Anal & Evaluat Technol Div, Dover, NJ 07806 USA. EM dcarl@pica.army.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2006 VL 342 BP 193 EP + DI 10.1080/00150190600946377 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 103CA UT WOS:000241862100018 ER PT J AU Panhorst, DW Lefevre, V Rider, LK AF Panhorst, David W. Lefevre, Vicki Rider, Lynne K. TI Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), Inertial Measurements Unit (IMU) common guidance program SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Advanced Active Thin Films for Meso-Micro Scale Applications CY MAY 10-12, 2005 CL Destin, FL SP USA DE guidance; precision; munitions; missiles; MEMS; inertial measurement units AB Precision Guided Munitions (PGMs) are critical to the Maneuver Battalion Commander's success on future, rapidly deployed, battlefields. These PGMs will provide an increase in lethality, significantly improve survivability, reduce collateral damage, minimize non-combatant casualties, and decrease the logistics burden or increase the number of kills from the standard logistics load. PGMs all require inertial measurement sensors embodied in an Inertial Measurements Unit (IMU). Up to now they have been large, expensive, and could not readily survive the high G launch environments. Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology provides inherent cost savings and size reduction and is ideal for application to navigation and control systems for small missiles and munitions. Using MEMS technology, gyroscopes, accelerometers and control electronics can readily be integrated to form a tightly packaged, low-cost, extremely small, high performance IMU suitable for munitions and missiles, as well as other applications. The ultimate objective of the MEMS Common Guidance program is to develop technology that can be exploited by 90% of the tactical weapons fleet navigation requirements. This paper will describe the current Army development underway and some of the technical challenges we have encountered, as well as outlining the results of our Quality Functional Deployment conducted to assure our end-users needs are met. C1 USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. USA, AMCOM, AMRDEC, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Panhorst, DW (reprint author), USA, ARDEC, Bldg 94, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM panhorst@pica.army.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2006 VL 342 BP 205 EP + DI 10.1080/00150190600946393 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 103CA UT WOS:000241862100019 ER PT J AU Triplett, MH Patterson, JE Evans, RN AF Triplett, M. H. Patterson, J. E. Evans, R. N. TI Army missile and aviation structural health monitoring applications for advanced active thin film materials SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Advanced Active Thin Films for Meso-Micro Scale Applications CY MAY 10-12, 2005 CL Destin, FL SP USA DE carbon fiber structures; impact damage; structural health monitoring; thin film sensor ID SENSORS AB High strength, low weight carbon fiber structures are being used frequently for Army missile and aviation applications, but they are susceptible to low energy impact damage. On the other hand, unnecessary removal from service for inspection and maintenance reduces readiness. Structural health monitoring systems that include an array of sensors and/or actuators are needed to reduce risk and increase readiness. Typically sensors and actuators are piezo-based and too large to be embedded in the structure or if embedded can affect strength. Thin film sensors and actuators are significantly thinner; therefore reducing the potential for affecting the strength of the composite structure. Development of these sensors will be critical to future Army readiness. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Prop & Struct Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. USA, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aviat Engn Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Triplett, MH (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Prop & Struct Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. EM matt.triplett@us.army.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2006 VL 342 BP 213 EP + DI 10.1080/00150190600946401 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 103CA UT WOS:000241862100020 ER PT J AU Gustofson, RL Larsen, FW Bush, MR Segars, JH AF Gustofson, RL Larsen, FW Bush, MR Segars, JH TI Treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists in women suppressed with GnRH agonist may avoid cycle cancellation in patients at risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 60th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 16-20, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Reprod Med ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; SERUM ESTRADIOL; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; OOCYTE NUMBER; MATURATION; CONCEPTION; GANIRELIX; EFFICACY; LEVEL AB Forty-seven patients at high risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome because of markedly elevated serum E-2 levels on either long-luteal or microdose flare leuprolide acetate regimens were treated with ganirelix acetate. Despite being pretreated with GnRH agonist and without withholding gonadotropins, serum E-2 decreased by 49.5% and 41.0% of pretreatment values (long luteal and microdose flare, respectively) after initiation of ganirelix, and 68.1% of the patients became pregnant. C1 NICHHD, RBMB, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN Natl Med Ctr, Combined Fed Fellowship Reprod Endocrinol Infer, NIH, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Segars, JH (reprint author), NICHHD, RBMB, NIH, 10 Ctr Dr MSC 1109,Bldg 10,CRC,1E-3140, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM segarsj@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 85 IS 1 BP 251 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.1291 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 006QX UT WOS:000234913100048 PM 16412770 ER PT S AU Kaestner, R Thrun, S Montemerlo, M Whalley, M AF Kaestner, Ralf Thrun, Sebastian Montemerlo, Michael Whalley, Matt BE Corke, P Sukkarieh, S TI A non-rigid approach to scan alignment and change detection using range sensor data SO FIELD AND SERVICE ROBOTICS SE Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Field and Service Robotics CY JUL 29-31, 2005 CL Port Douglas, AUSTRALIA SP CSIRO ICT, Australian Robot & Automat Assoc ID REGISTRATION; IMAGES AB We present a probabilistic technique for alignment and subsequent change detection using range sensor data. The alignment method is derived from a novel, non-rigid approach to register point clouds induced by pose-related range observations that are particularly erroneous. It allows for high scan estimation errors to be compensated distinctly, whilst considering temporally successive measurements to be correlated. Based on the alignment, changes between data sets are detected using a probabilistic approach that is capable of differentiating between likely and unlikely changes. When applied to observations containing even small differences, it reliably identifies intentionally introduced modifications. C1 [Kaestner, Ralf; Thrun, Sebastian; Montemerlo, Michael] Stanford Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Robot Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Whalley, Matt] Army NASA Rotorcraft Div, AMRDEC, Ames, IA USA. [Whalley, Matt] Ames Res Ctr, US Army Res, Dev & Engn Command, Ames, IA USA. RP Kaestner, R (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Robot Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM ralfk@cs.stanford.edu; thrun@stanford.edu; mmde@stanford.edu; mwhalley@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1610-7438 BN 3-540-33452-1 J9 SPRINGER TRAC ADV RO PY 2006 VL 25 BP 179 EP + PG 3 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BFE25 UT WOS:000241438000016 ER PT B AU Perkins, EJ Bao, WJ Guan, X Ang, CY Wolfinger, RD Chu, TM Gong, P Meyer, SA Inouye, L AF Perkins, Edward J. Bao, Wenjun Guan, Xin Ang, Choo-Yaw Wolfinger, Russell D. Chu, Tzu-Ming Gong, Ping Meyer, Sharon A. Inouye, Laura GP IEEE BE Ni, J Dongarra, J Zheng, Y Gu, G Wolfgang, G Jin, H TI Comparison of gene expression effects in liver tissue and primary hepatocyte cell cultures after exposure to hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine SO FIRST INTERNATIONAL MULTI-SYMPOSIUMS ON COMPUTER AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES (IMSCCS 2006), PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Multi Symposium on Computer and Computational Sciences CY JUN 20-24, 2006 CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP STEMES IMSCCS Conf, Univ Iowa, Zhejing Univ, Harbin Engn Univ ID SEIZURES; SYSTEMS; SLICES; LINES; RDX AB We examined Sprague-Dawley rat liver tissue and primary hepatocyte cells to understand how they compared in gene expression responses to hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). Gene expression was analyzed in primary cell cultures exposed to 7.5, 15, or 30 mg/L RDX for 24 and 48 hours. Cells were compared to liver from rats 24 hours after exposure to 12, 24, or 48 mg/Kg RDX. Similarity of present/absent calls to liver in control exposures was 88% at 24 hrs and 79% at 48 hrs. Significant changes were identified using mixed-model analysis of variance. Up to 6.4% of differentially expressed genes present in liver were differentially expressed in 24hr cells and less than 5.5% in 48 hr cells. Of genes with identifiable KEGG pathways, 24 hr cells 78.4% similar to liver pathways and 48hr cells were 44.3% similar. These data suggest care should be taken extrapolating effects from in vitro to in vivo levels. C1 [Perkins, Edward J.; Inouye, Laura] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Bao, Wenjun; Wolfinger, Russell D.; Chu, Tzu-Ming] SAS Inst Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. [Guan, Xin; Ang, Choo-Yaw; Gong, Ping] Spec Pro, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Meyer, Sharon A.] NE Louisiana Univ, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. RP Perkins, EJ (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM edward.j.perkins@yus.army.mil; wenjun.bao@sas.com; xin.guan@us.army.mil; choo.y.ang@us.army.mil; russ.wolfinger@sas.com; tzu-ming.chu@sas.com; ping.gong@us.army.mil; meyer@ulm.edu; laura.s.inouye@us.army.mil FU Army Environmental Quality Program; USACE; Chief of Engineers to publish this information FX This work was supported by the Army Environmental Quality Program of the USACE. Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this information. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7695-2581-4 PY 2006 BP 164 EP + DI 10.1109/IMSCCS.2006.48 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEV97 UT WOS:000239713800025 ER PT S AU Kagan, FW AF Kagan, Frederick W. BE Imlay, TC Toft, MD TI RUSSIAN WAR PLANNING, 1815-56 SO FOG OF PEACE AND WAR PLANNING: MILITARY AND STRATEGIC PLANNING UNDER UNCERTAINTY SE Strategy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Kagan, FW (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1473-6403 BN 978-0-203-01965-8 J9 STRATEG HIST PY 2006 VL 12 BP 26 EP 49 PG 24 WC History; International Relations; Political Science SC History; International Relations; Government & Law GA BMZ23 UT WOS:000273973200003 ER PT S AU Krepinevich, AF AF Krepinevich, Andrew F., Jr. BE Imlay, TC Toft, MD TI TRANSFORMING TO VICTORY The US Navy, Carrier Aviation, and Preparing for War in the Pacific SO FOG OF PEACE AND WAR PLANNING: MILITARY AND STRATEGIC PLANNING UNDER UNCERTAINTY SE Strategy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Krepinevich, AF (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1473-6403 BN 978-0-203-01965-8 J9 STRATEG HIST PY 2006 VL 12 BP 179 EP 204 PG 26 WC History; International Relations; Political Science SC History; International Relations; Government & Law GA BMZ23 UT WOS:000273973200010 ER PT J AU Kragh, JF Ward, JA AF Kragh, JF Ward, JA TI Radiographic indicators of ankle instability: Changes with plantarflexion SO FOOT & ANKLE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE ankle injuries; diagnosis; fractures; radiography; stability ID DISTAL TIBIOFIBULAR SYNDESMOSIS; DELTOID LIGAMENT; FRACTURES; BIMALLEOLAR; STABILITY; MOTION; JOINT AB Background: The effect of plantarflexion on radiographic indicators of instability was investigated in matched pairs of stable ankles and unstable ankle fractures with complete deltoid ligament tears to test the hypothesis that differences exist in indicators as a function of either stability or position. The purpose of this study was to determine whether plantarflexion increases radiographic indicators of ankle fracture instability. Methods: Measurements from 34 patients scheduled for operative treatment of unstable ankle fractures were collected prospectively from normal, stable ankles and the injured, unstable ankles. Instability was defined as a positive fluoroscopic stress examination under anesthesia. Stability and instability and neutral position and plantarflexion were associated with eight radiographic indicators of which five were distances in millimeters and three were binomial (either stable or unstable). Results: Measurements were larger in the unstable ankles than in the normal stable ankles. Plantarflexion was associated with increased distances in stable ankles, and a trend was seen in unstable ankles. Plantarflexion was associated with increased binomial indicators in unstable ankles but not in stable ankles. Discussion: Joint positioning affected measurement of ankle stability: plantarflexion increased the sensitivity of radiographic indicators. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Kragh, JF (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Extrem Trauma Study Branch, 3600 Chambers Ave,Room 292-1,Bldg 3611, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM john.kragh@amedd.army.mil NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC FOOT & ANKLE SOC, INC PI SEATTLE PA 2517 EASTLAKE AVE EAST, STE 200, SEATTLE, WA 98102 USA SN 1071-1007 J9 FOOT ANKLE INT JI Foot Ankle Int. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 27 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 003JB UT WOS:000234676800006 PM 16442025 ER PT S AU West, BJ AF West, Bruce J. BE Coffey, WT Kalmykov, YP TI FRACTAL PHYSIOLOGY, COMPLEXITY, AND THE FRACTIONAL CALCULUS SO FRACTALS, DIFFUSION, AND RELAXATION IN DISORDERED COMPLEX SYSTEMS, PART B SE ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID HEART-RATE; HUMAN GAIT; ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; RANDOM-WALKS; BLOOD-FLOW; VARIABILITY; STABILITY; SYSTEMS C1 USA, Res Off, Math & Informat Sci Directorate, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP West, BJ (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Math & Informat Sci Directorate, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 111 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 3RD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0065-2385 BN 978-0-471-72508-4 J9 ADV CHEM PHYS PY 2006 VL 133 BP 1 EP 92 PG 92 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BJK61 UT WOS:000266711700001 ER PT J AU Ayaagari, V Januszkiewicz, A Nath, J AF Ayaagari, Vijaya Januszkiewicz, Adolph Nath, Jayasree TI Effects of acute exposure to nitrogen dioxide: studies in human bronchial epithelial cells and in a rat lung injury model SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine CY NOV 15-19, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2006 VL 41 SU 1 BP S95 EP S95 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 103OC UT WOS:000241895600260 ER PT J AU Gorbunov, NV Das, DK Atkins, JL AF Gorbunov, N. V. Das, D. K. Atkins, J. L. TI Nitric oxide (NO), redox signaling, and pulmonary inflammation (PI) in a model of polytrauma (MPO). SO FREE RADICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Research-International CY AUG 15-19, 2006 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND SP Soc Free Rad Res Int C1 Univ Connecticut, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, MCR, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1071-5762 J9 FREE RADICAL RES JI Free Radic. Res. PY 2006 VL 40 SU 1 BP S74 EP S74 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 086EG UT WOS:000240656000158 ER PT B AU Small, D AF Small, D BE Hasting, NB TI College algebra: A course in crisis SO Fresh Start for Collegiate Mathematics: Rethinking the Courses below Calculus SE MAA NOTES SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Rethinking the Preparation for Calculus CY OCT, 2001 CL Washington, DC SP Natl Sci Fdn C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATHEMATICAL ASSOC AMERICA SERVICE CENTER PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 91112, WASHINGTON, DC 20090-1112 USA BN 0-88385-179-2 J9 MAA NOTES SER PY 2006 VL 69 BP 83 EP 89 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BDY91 UT WOS:000236268300010 ER PT B AU Small, D AF Small, D BE Hasting, NB TI Contemporary college algebra SO Fresh Start for Collegiate Mathematics: Rethinking the Courses below Calculus SE MAA NOTES SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Rethinking the Preparation for Calculus CY OCT, 2001 CL Washington, DC SP Natl Sci Fdn C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATHEMATICAL ASSOC AMERICA SERVICE CENTER PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 91112, WASHINGTON, DC 20090-1112 USA BN 0-88385-179-2 J9 MAA NOTES SER PY 2006 VL 69 BP 380 EP 385 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BDY91 UT WOS:000236268300046 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Alexander, OB Woodward-Pu, YM Stahl, CE Borlongan, CV AF Wang, Y Alexander, OB Woodward-Pu, YM Stahl, CE Borlongan, CV TI Viral vector strategy for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor therapy for stroke SO FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nervous system; brain; viral vector; treatment; therapeutics; neurotrophic factor; stroke; review ID CEREBRAL-ARTERY OCCLUSION; DELAYED NEURONAL DEATH; MIDBRAIN DOPAMINERGIC-NEURONS; TRANSIENT GLOBAL-ISCHEMIA; MICE LACKING GDNF; GENE-TRANSFER; FACTOR PROTECTS; BRAIN-INJURY; INDUCED EXCITOTOXICITY; TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE AB Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. Over the last decade, GDNF has been shown to promote regenerative and restorative effects on dopaminergic neurons. Accumulating evidence also demonstrates that administration of GDNF to areas of ischemic brain injury limits cerebral infarction and reduces damage to motor functions in animal models of stroke. Neurotrophic factor and anti-apoptotic mechanisms, among others, have been proposed to underlie the therapeutic effects of GDNF. A major obstacle for GDNF therapy is the protein delivery to the brain, as well as its sustained bioavailability over time. Gene therapy and the use of viral vectors offer a technique for longevity of GDNF expression within the brain. In this review, we consider the risks and benefits of GDNF gene therapy as it relates to the treatment of stroke. C1 NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Neurol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Inst Mol Med & Genet, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. Augusta VAMC, Res & Affiliat Serv Line, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM ywang@intra.nida.nih.gov OI Borlongan, Cesar/0000-0002-2966-9782 NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE INC PI MANHASSET PA C/O NORTH SHORE UNIV HOSPITAL, BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER, 350 COMMUNITY DR, MANHASSET, NY 11030 USA SN 1093-9946 J9 FRONT BIOSCI JI Front. Biosci. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 11 BP 1101 EP 1107 DI 10.2741/1866 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 973MX UT WOS:000232528000092 PM 16146800 ER PT J AU Borlongan, CV Fournier, C Stahl, CE Yu, GL Xu, L Matsukawa, N Newman, M Yasuhara, T Hara, K Hess, DC Sanberg, PR AF Borlongan, CV Fournier, C Stahl, CE Yu, GL Xu, L Matsukawa, N Newman, M Yasuhara, T Hara, K Hess, DC Sanberg, PR TI Gene therapy, cell transplantation and stroke SO FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK LA English DT Article DE nervous system; neuron; cancer; tumor; neuroteratocarcinoma cells; NT2N; intracerebral transplantation; treatment; therapeutic; gene therapy; neuroprotection; stroke; review ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; EMBRYONAL CARCINOMA-CELLS; IN-VITRO CHARACTERIZATION; MARROW STROMAL CELLS; HUMAN NEURONAL CELLS; RAT PARKINSON MODEL; HUMAN NT2N NEURONS; HNT NEURONS; TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE AB The use of neuroteratocarcinoma cells for transplantation therapy in stroke has emerged as a strategy for cell replacement therapy that has begun its transition from basic science laboratories to a clinical setting. Procurement logistics and novel neuroprotective functions associated with these cells allow neuroteratocarcinoma cells to serve as efficacious alternatives to using fetal cells as donor cell grafts for stroke therapy, although the optimal transplantation regimen must still be determined. In particular, the limitations of current stroke treatments and management reveal an urgent need to examine the efficacy of experimental treatments, such as neural transplantation, in order to develop better treatment therapies. This chapter will discuss the characteristics of NT2N cells, the role of the host brain microenvironment, the need for more rigorous laboratory research and clinical trials for the intracerebral transplantation of NT2N cells in stroke, the mechanisms underlying the grafts' beneficial effects, and the need for immunosuppression. This chapter will highlight some of the most recent findings regarding NT2N cells. C1 Med Coll Georgia, Dept Neurol, Augusta, GA 30904 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Inst Mol Med & Genet, Augusta, GA 30904 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Sch Grad Studies, Augusta, GA 30904 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Res & Affiliat Serv Line, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Ctr Excellence Aging & Brain Repair, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Dept Neurosurg, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Dept Psychol, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. RP Borlongan, CV (reprint author), Med Coll Georgia, Dept Neurol, BI 3080,1120 15th St, Augusta, GA 30904 USA. EM cborlongan@mail.mcg.edu OI Borlongan, Cesar/0000-0002-2966-9782 NR 79 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE INC PI MANHASSET PA C/O NORTH SHORE UNIV HOSPITAL, BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER, 350 COMMUNITY DR, MANHASSET, NY 11030 USA SN 1093-9946 J9 FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK JI Front. Biosci. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 11 BP 1090 EP U46 DI 10.2741/1865 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 973MX UT WOS:000232528000091 PM 16146799 ER PT S AU Woolard, DL Luo, Y Gelmont, BL Globus, T Jensen, JO AF Woolard, Dwight L. Luo, Ying Gelmont, Boris L. Globus, Tatiana Jensen, James. O. BE Iwai, H Nishi, Y Shur, MS Wong, H TI Bio-molecular inspired electronic architectures for enhanced sensing of thz-frequency bio-signatures SO FRONTIERS IN ELECTRONICS SE Selected Topics in Electronics and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Frontiers in Electronics (WOFE-04) CY DEC 17-23, 2004 CL Aruba, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE EDS, IEEE Sensors Council DE bio-molecular; electronic Architectures; terahertz sensing ID VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; ALL-TRANS; DNA; SEMICONDUCTORS; IMPLEMENTATION; SPECTROSCOPY; BIOMOLECULES; CONDUCTION; DEVICES AB A new bio-molecular electronic architectural concept is presented that has potential for defining nanoscale sensor platforms with enhanced capabilities for sensing terahertz (THz) frequency bio-signatures. This architecture makes strategic use of integrated biological elements to enable communication and high-level function within densely-packed nanoelectronic systems. Specifically, a completely new paradigm for establishing hybrid Electro-THz-Optical (ETO) communication channels is introduced. Here, the THz-frequency spectral characteristics that are uniquely associated with the embedded bio-molecules are utilized directly in the architecture design and this immediately allows for defining new methods for enhanced sensing of THz bio-signatures. This integrated sensor concept greatly facilitates the collection of THz bio-signatures associated with embedded bio-molecules via interactions with the time-dependent signals propagating through the nanoelectronic circuit. In addition, it leads to a new Multi-State Spectral Sensing (MS') approach where bio-signature information can be collected from multiple metastable state conformations. This paper presents new simulation results for a class of bio-molecular components that exhibit the prescribed type of ETO characteristics. Most noteworthy, this research derives THz spectral bio-signatures for organic molecules that are amenable to photo-induced metastable-state conformations and establishes an initial scientific foundation and design blueprint for an enhanced THz bio-signature sensing capability. C1 USA, Res Lab, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Woolard, DL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Res Off, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dwight.woolard@us.army.mil; gb7k@virginia.edu; jim.jensen@us.army.mil NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 1793-1274 BN 981-256-884-0 J9 SEL TOP ELECTR SYST PY 2006 VL 41 BP 609 EP 637 DI 10.1142/9789812773081_0039 PG 29 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFC82 UT WOS:000241022300039 ER PT S AU Stakhiv, EZ AF Stakhiv, Eugene Z. BE Tchiguirinskaia, I Thein, KNN Hubert, P TI Katrina: what went wrong and how to fix it SO Frontiers in Flood Research SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Kovacs Colloquium on Frontiers in Flood Research CY JUN, 2006 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Int Ctr Water Hazard & Risk Management C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Washington, DC 20314 USA. RP Stakhiv, EZ (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Washington, DC 20314 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-901502-63-3 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2006 VL 305 BP 209 EP 210 PG 2 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BGN20 UT WOS:000248571900013 ER PT J AU Navarro, A Perry, C Bobo, WV AF Navarro, A Perry, C Bobo, WV TI A case of serotonin syndrome precipitated by abuse of the anticough remedy dextromethorphan in a bipolar patient treated with fluoxetine and lithium SO GENERAL HOSPITAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter ID NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Washington, DC 20001 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Navarro, A (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Washington, DC 20001 USA. EM WVBobo@Bethesda.med.navy.mil NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0163-8343 J9 GEN HOSP PSYCHIAT JI Gen. Hosp. Psych. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 28 IS 1 BP 78 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2005.06.008 PG 3 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 006YT UT WOS:000234934600013 PM 16377370 ER PT J AU Chase-Dunn, C Pasciuti, D Alvarez, A Hall, TD AF Chase-Dunn, Christopher Pasciuti, Daniel Alvarez, Alexis Hall, Thomas D. BE Gills, BK Thompson, WR TI Growth/decline phases and semi-peripheral development in the Ancient Mesopotamian and Egyptian world-systems SO GLOBALIZATION AND GLOBAL HISTORY SE Rethinking Globalizations LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRADE; ASIA; AGE C1 [Chase-Dunn, Christopher; Pasciuti, Daniel] Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Res World Syst, Cities & Empires Project, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Hall, Thomas D.] Depauw Univ, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA. [Pasciuti, Daniel] Johns Hopkins Univ, Danwei Project, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Pasciuti, Daniel] USA, Washington, DC USA. RP Chase-Dunn, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Res World Syst, Cities & Empires Project, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 129 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-79947-5 J9 RETHINK GLOB PY 2006 VL 2 BP 104 EP 126 PG 23 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BPA71 UT WOS:000278393600008 ER PT S AU Ganesan, G Li, Y Swami, A AF Ganesan, Ghurumuruhan Li, Ye (Geoffrey) Swami, Ananthram GP IEEE TI Channel Aware Aloha with Imperfect CSI SO GLOBECOM 2006 - 2006 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 06) CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Commun Soc (ComSoc) DE Imperfect CSI; channel uncertainity; Aloha; multicarrier diversity ID WIRELESS NETWORKS; RANDOM-ACCESS AB Channel aware medium access protocols perform decisions primarily based on the instantaneous channel state information (CSI) available. In practice, channel measurements and quantization introduce distortion in the available CSI at the transmitter. In this paper, we investigate the effect of imperfect CSI on the asymptotic throughput of a particularly important medium access protocol - the channel aware Aloha. We show that any degree of uncertainty in the channel estimate leads to zero throughput asymptotically in the existing single carrier Aloha scheme; however, multicarrier diversity is effective in compensating for lack of perfect CSI. C1 [Ganesan, Ghurumuruhan; Li, Ye (Geoffrey)] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Swami, Ananthram] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ganesan, G (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM guru@ece.gatech.edu FU U. S. Army Research Laboratory under Collaborative Technology Alliance Program [DAAD19-01-20-0011]; SABA Program of Motorola FX This work was supported by the U. S. Army Research Laboratory under the Collaborative Technology Alliance Program, Cooperative Agreement DAAD19-01-20-0011 and SABA Program of Motorola. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-0356-1 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2006 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BUC00 UT WOS:000288765600133 ER PT S AU Li, H Abdi, A Bar-Ness, Y Su, W AF Li, Hong Abdi, Ali Bar-Ness, Yeheskel Su, Wei GP IEEE TI Array-based Linear Modulation Classifier with Two-Stage CFO Estimation in Fading Channels SO GLOBECOM 2006 - 2006 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 06) CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Commun Soc (ComSoc) ID CARRIER PHASE AB Likelihood ratio test (LRT) -based linear modulation classifier is sensitive to unknown parameters, such as carrier frequency offset (CFO), phase shift, etc. An antenna array-based quasi-hybrid likelihood ratio test (qHLRT) approach is proposed to cope with the problem. A non-maximum likelihood (ML) estimator is employed to reduce the computational burden of multivariate maximization. A two-stage CFO estimation scheme is also proposed to increase the accuracy of CFO estimation. To combat channel fading, maximal ratio combining (MRC) technique is applied for CFO estimation as well as the computation of the likelihood functions. The Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the proposed CFO estimation method is derived. It is shown that with nonlinear least-squares (NLS) algorithm and method-of-moment (MoM) algorithm to estimate phase and amplitude respectively, our scheme offers an effective and practical solution to recognize linear modulation formats in fading channels. C1 [Li, Hong; Abdi, Ali; Bar-Ness, Yeheskel] New Jersey Inst Technol, Ctr Wireless Commun & Signal Proc Res, ECE Dept, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Su, Wei] US Army RDECOM CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Ctr Wireless Commun & Signal Proc Res, ECE Dept, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM hl8@njit.edu; ali.abdi@njit.edu; yeheskel.barness@njit.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-0356-1 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2006 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BUC00 UT WOS:000288765604053 ER PT J AU Kyser, K Bidus, MA Rodriguez, M Rose, GS Elkas, JC AF Kyser, K Bidus, MA Rodriguez, M Rose, GS Elkas, JC TI Spontaneous pregnancy following cytoreduction with peritonectomy and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytoreduction; peritonectomy; hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy; mesothelioma; pregnancy ID FERTILITY AB Background. Spontaneous pregnancy is rare after radical cytoreduction and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Case. We present a case of a 28-year-old female with extensive, bulky malignant peritoneal epitheliod mesothelioma Who underwent optimal cytoreduction with peritonectomy followed by intraoperative hyperthermic cisplatin and postoperative intraperitoneal paclitaxel and fluorouracil. Fourteen months after the Conclusion of her therapy, she spontaneously conceived, resulting in an uneventful term pregnancy and spontaneous vaginal delivery. Conclusion. Fertility may be preserved in select patients after radical cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Elkas, JC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM john.elkas@na.amedd.army.mil NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 100 IS 1 BP 198 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.08.045 PG 3 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 999UX UT WOS:000234417200036 PM 16194563 ER PT J AU Logemann, JA Rademaker, AW Pauloski, BR Lazarus, CL Mittal, BB Brockstein, B MacCracken, E Haraf, DJ Vokes, EE Newman, LA Liu, DC AF Logemann, JA Rademaker, AW Pauloski, BR Lazarus, CL Mittal, BB Brockstein, B MacCracken, E Haraf, DJ Vokes, EE Newman, LA Liu, DC TI Site of disease and treatment protocol as correlates of swallowing function in patients with head and neck cancer treated with chemoradiation SO HEAD AND NECK-JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES AND SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK LA English DT Article DE chemoradiation; swallowing disorders; swallowing physiology; head and neck; videofluoroscopy ID RADIATION-THERAPY; CHEMOTHERAPY; RADIOTHERAPY; FLUOROURACIL; IRRADIATION; HYDROXYUREA; PACLITAXEL; CARCINOMA; DYSFUNCTION; XEROSTOMIA AB Background. The relationship between type of chemoradiation treatment, site of disease, and swallowing function has not been sufficiently examined in patients with head and neck cancer treated primarily with chemoradiation. Methods. Fifty-three patients with advanced-stage head and neck cancer were evaluated before and 3 months after chemoradiation treatment to define their swallowing disorders and characterize their swallowing physiology by site of lesion and chemoradiation protocol. One hundred forty normal subjects were also studied. Results. The most common disorders at baseline and 3 months after treatment were reduced tongue base retraction, reduced tongue strength, and slowed or delayed laryngeal vestibule closure. Frequency of functional swallow did not differ significantly across disease sites after treatment, although frequency of disorders was different at various sites of lesion. The effects of the chemotherapy protocols were small. Conclusions. The site of the lesion affects the frequency of occurrence of specific swallow disorders, whereas chemoradiation protocols have minimal effect on oropharyngeal swallow function. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Robert H Lurie Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Robert H Lurie Comprehens Canc Ctr, Evanston, IL USA. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol, New York, NY USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Radiat Oncol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Dept Hematol Oncol, Evanston, IL USA. Univ Chicago, Div Hematol Oncol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Radiat Oncol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Logemann, JA (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, 2240 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM j-logemann@northwestern.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA040007]; NIDCR NIH HHS [P50 DE011921] NR 23 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1043-3074 J9 HEAD NECK-J SCI SPEC JI Head Neck-J. Sci. Spec. Head Neck PD JAN PY 2006 VL 28 IS 1 BP 64 EP 73 DI 10.1002/hed.20299 PG 10 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 999DH UT WOS:000234368400009 PM 16302193 ER PT J AU Borchert, M Lambert, J Sliney, D AF Borchert, M Lambert, J Sliney, D TI Validation of icnirp estimates of toxicity thresholds for NIR (785 NM) light in the retinas of pigmented rabbits SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ICNIRP; radiation; nonionizing; health effects; safety standards ID RADIATION; EXPOSURE; EYE AB The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) established eye-safe exposure limits for laser light based on estimates of the 50% exposure dose (ED50) for retinal damage in animals. The ED50 has not been determined for continuous-wave near-infrared (NIR) light, as may be used in instruments for spectroscopic analysis of the eye. The purpose of this study is to determine the ED50 of 785-nm light delivered by a Raman spectroscopy instrument on the retinas of pigmented rabbits, and to compare that ED50 to the ICNIRP estimates. Light of varying power was focused into the anterior chambers of rabbits for 4, 20, or 300 s. Estimates of spot size on the retina were determined by modifying the schematic rabbit eye with actual axial length and refractive error measurements. Masked examiners determined retinal burns from fundus photographs and fluorescein angiograms made immediately after exposure and again 48-72 h later. Thirty-five of 86 exposed eyes had retinal burns. In 12 of these the burn was not visible until 48-72 h. In 6 the burn was visible on color photographs, but not on fluorescein angiography. The ED50 retinal power density from probit analysis was 14,513 mW cm(-2), 10,369 mW cm(-2), and 5,237 MW cm(-2) for 4-s, 20-s, and 300-s exposures, respectively. Thus, the ED50 for retinal burns from 785-nm light is approximately 7 and 7.5 times the ICNIRP permitted limits for 4- and 20-s exposures, and 5.6 times the limit for 300-s exposures. This is consistent with the ICNIRP intention to set power limits several times less than ED50. C1 CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Div Ophthalmol, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Los Angeles, CA USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen, MD USA. RP Lambert, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM james.l.lambert@jpl.nasa.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 90 IS 1 BP 3 EP 10 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000175146.94650.4e PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 015LG UT WOS:000235552300002 PM 16340602 ER PT S AU Kalich, ME Lont, LM Bissette, GM Jones, HD AF Kalich, Melvyn E. Lont, Lisa M. Bissette, Gina M. Jones, Heber D. BE Brown, RW Marasco, PL Rash, CE Reese, CE TI New vision performance indicators of biocular head-mounted display image misalignment - art. no. 622408 SO Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays XI: Technologies and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays XI CY APR 17-18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE image misalignment tolerance; head-mounted or helmet-mounted display (HMD); biocular HMD ID BINOCULAR VISION; WORLD AB This is the last in a series of studies designed to establish objective tools that can evaluate vision and cognitive visual performance with head-/helmet-mounted displays (HMDs) in a static environment. These tools will be applied to ongoing studies in an interactive, animated environment that will compare visual performance of biocular and monocular HMDs and evaluate image misalignment tolerance standards during long-term wear (4-6 hours) and during vibration. In this study, saccadic velocity significantly decreased following image misalignment, but not following a corresponding control period without misalignment, showing the measurement to be sensitive to image misalignment in a full-overlap biocular display. Pupil constriction latency significantly increased for both the experimental and control conditions, indicating that, although sensitive to using the optical device, this measurement was not specifically sensitive to a divergent horizontal misalignment of 3.1 milliradians (mrad). These results add saccadic velocity to the tools that we have already established. We also evaluated the visual performance of presbyopic subjects using a full-overlap display and found decreased performance with and without image misalignment. This has implications for helmet-mounted display use by older pilots that certainly warrants further investigation. In previous studies(6, 7) individuals with accommodative and vergence problems showed reduced performance when there was a small divergent horizontal image misalignment in a partial-overlap biocular display. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Kalich, ME (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Bldg 6901, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6280-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6224 BP 22408 EP 22408 AR 622408 DI 10.1117/12.665876 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BES62 UT WOS:000239305200007 ER PT S AU Harding, TH Martin, JS Rash, CE AF Harding, Thomas H. Martin, John S. Rash, Clarence E. BE Brown, RW Marasco, PL Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Performance effects of mounting a helmet-mounted display on the ANVIS mount of the HGU-56P helmet - art. no. 622409 SO Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays XI: Technologies and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays XI CY APR 17-18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE Air Warrior; helmet-mounted display; ANVIS; HMD; HUD; model; simulation; symbology; natural backgrounds; helmet weight; center-of-mass ID MODEL AB The U.S. Army, under the auspices of the Air Warrior Product Office, is developing a modular helmet-mounted display (HMD) for four aircraft series within its helicopter fleet. A design consideration is mounting the HMDs to the HGU56P Aviator's Night Vision Imaging System (ANVIS) mount. This particular mount is being considered, presumably due to its inherent cost savings, as the mount is already part of the helmet. Mounting the HMD in this position may have consequences for the daylight performance of these HMDs, as well as increasing the forward weight of the HMD. The latter would have consequences for helmet weight and center-of-mass biodynamic issues. Calculations were made of the increased luminance needed as a consequence of mounting the HMD in front of an HGU-56P tinted visor as opposed to mounting it behind the visor. By mounting in front of the helmet's visor, the HMD's light output will be filtered as light coming from the outside world. Special consideration then would have to be given to the HMD's light source selection process, as not to select a source that would differentially reduce luminance by a mounted visor (e.g., laser protection visors) compared to the ambient light in the aviator's field-of-view. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Harding, TH (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, POB 620577, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6280-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6224 BP 22409 EP 22409 AR 622409 DI 10.1117/12.666894 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BES62 UT WOS:000239305200008 ER PT S AU Harding, TH Rash, CE Dennis, SJ AF Harding, Thomas H. Rash, Clarence E. Dennis, Scott J. BE Brown, RW Marasco, PL Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Evaluation of the microvision SD2500 scanning laser display - art. no. 62240R SO Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays XI: Technologies and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays XI CY APR 17-18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE microvision; VCOP; MIEDS; Air Warrior; helmet-mounted display; HMD; laser scanning; symbology AB Microvision's Spectrum (TM) SD2500 is a candidate technology for the Modular Integrated Helmet Display System (MIHDS)program. This HN/lD design is intended to provide a full-color, see-through, daylight and night-readable, moderate-resolution (800X600 pixels) display. The employed technology is that of scanning lasers. This paper presents the testing results for the latest version of this prototype system. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Harding, TH (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, POB 620577, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6280-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6224 BP R2240 EP R2240 AR 62240R DI 10.1117/12.668908 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BES62 UT WOS:000239305200023 ER PT J AU Ehrhart, MG Bliese, PD Thomas, JL AF Ehrhart, MG Bliese, PD Thomas, JL TI Unit-level OCB and unit effectiveness: Examining the incremental effect of helping behavior SO HUMAN PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article ID ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR; INTRAGROUP CONFLICT; FUTURE-RESEARCH; PERFORMANCE; MULTILEVEL; LEADERSHIP; MODELS; SATISFACTION; METAANALYSIS; SUGGESTIONS AB Recent research has begun to address the Study of OCB at the unit level of analysis (Ehrhart, 2004; Ehrhart & Naumann, 2004; Podsakoff & MacKenzie, 1997; Schnake & Dumler, 2003) and to establish the impact of unit-level organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) on unit outcomes (e.g., Koys, 2001; Podsakoff, Ahearne, & MacKenzie, 1997 Walz & Niehoff, 2000). In this study, we examined Outcomes that have not been considered in past unit-level OCB research and tested for the incremental contribution of one type of unit-level OCB in predicting these outcomes beyond the effects of other important group processes. Specifically, we tested the relationship between unit-level helping behavior and four indicators of military unit effectiveness, and the incremental contribution of helping behavior beyond cohesion, conflict, and leader effectiveness. Data from 3 1 military units supported the hypothesis that unit-level helping behavior is related to unit effectiveness, and for three of the outcomes, that Unit-level helping behavior explains incremental variance beyond other group process variables. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Ehrhart, MG (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM mehrhart@sunstroke.sdsu.edu NR 42 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 19 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0895-9285 J9 HUM PERFORM JI Hum. Perform. PY 2006 VL 19 IS 2 BP 159 EP 173 DI 10.1207/s15327043hup1902_4 PG 15 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 032IP UT WOS:000236768400004 ER PT J AU Guay, BE Eastoe, CJ Bassett, R Long, A AF Guay, BE Eastoe, CJ Bassett, R Long, A TI Identifying sources of groundwater in the lower Colorado River valley, USA, with delta O-18, delta D, and H-3: implications for river water accounting SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE delta O-18; delta D; H-3; groundwater; lower Colorado River; stable isotopes; water accounting ID STABLE ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; MODERN PRECIPITATION AB Isotope measurements (delta(18)O, delta D, H-3) indicate groundwater origin in the Lower Colorado River Valley (LCRV) and provide an alternative, or supplement, to the US Bureau of Reclamation's proposed "accounting surface" method. The accounting surface method uses a hydraulic criterion to identify certain wells away from the flood plain that will eventually yield mainstream Colorado River water. New isotope data for 5 surface-water and 18 groundwater sites around Topock Marsh, Arizona, are compared with river-water data (1974-2002) from 11 sites between Utah and Mexico and with groundwater data from previous LCRV studies. Three groundwater sources are repeatedly identified in the LCRV: (1) local recharge derived from precipitation, usually winter rain, plots slightly below the global meteoric water line (GMWL) and has delta D values that are 20% greater than those of recent river water; (2) "older" (pre-1950) upper basin river-water plots on or near the GMWL, distinct from local rainfall and recent river water; and (3) recent (post-1950) Colorado River water, including Topock Marsh samples, plots below the GMWL along an evaporation trend. Large floods, as in 1983, complicate interpretation by routing less evaporated upper basin water into the LCRV; however, tritium content can indicate the age of a water. River-water tritium has declined steadily from its peak of 716 TU in 1967 to about 11 TU in 2002. Mixtures of all three groundwater sources are common. C1 USA Corps Engineers, Buffalo, NY 14207 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Geochem Technol Corp, Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Guay, BE (reprint author), USA Corps Engineers, Buffalo Dist,1776 Niagara St, Buffalo, NY 14207 USA. EM safespring@aol.com NR 24 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 14 IS 1-2 BP 146 EP 158 DI 10.1007/s10040-004-0334-4 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 996XQ UT WOS:000234209500012 ER PT J AU Muehlenbachs, A Mutabingwa, TK Edmonds, S Fried, M Duffy, PE AF Muehlenbachs, A. Mutabingwa, T. K. Edmonds, S. Fried, M. Duffy, P. E. TI Hypertension and maternal-fetal conflict during placental malaria. SO HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANCY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Seattle Biomed Res Inst, MOMS Project, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England. Natl Inst Med Res, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Muheza Designated Dist Hosp, Muheza, Tanzania. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-1955 J9 HYPERTENS PREGNANCY JI Hypertens. Pregnancy PY 2006 VL 25 SU 1 BP 41 EP 41 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Physiology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 062KK UT WOS:000238942800059 ER PT S AU Celik, M Shekhar, S Rogers, JP Shine, JA Yoo, JS AF Celik, Mete Shekhar, Shashi Rogers, James P. Shine, James A. Yoo, Jin Soung BE Clifton, CW Zhong, N Liu, JM Wah, BW Wu, XD TI Mixed-drove spatio-temporal co-occurrence pattern mining: A summary of results SO ICDM 2006: SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Data Mining LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining CY DEC 18-22, 2006 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE AB Mixed-drove spatio-temporal co-occurrence patterns (AMCOPs) represent subsets of object-types that are located together in space and time. Discovering AMCOPs is an important problem with many applications such as identifying tactics in battlefields, games, and predator-prey interactions. However, mining AMCOPs is computationally very expensive because the interest measures are computationally complex, datasets are larger due to the archival history, and the set of candidate patterns is exponential in the number of object-types. We propose a monotonic composite interest measure for discovering AMCOPs and a novel AMCOP mining algorithm. Analytical and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is correct and complete. Results also show the proposed method is computationally more efficient than naive alternatives. C1 [Celik, Mete; Shekhar, Shashi; Yoo, Jin Soung] Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Rogers, James P.; Shine, James A.] US Army, ERDC, Topograph Engn Ctr, Vicksburg, VA 39183 USA. RP Celik, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM mcelik@cs.umn.edu; shekhar@cs.umn.edu; james.p.rogers@erdc.usace.army.mil; james.a.shine@erdc.usace.army.mil; jyoo@cs.umn.edu FU US Army Corps of Engineers [W9132V-06-C-0011]; Army High Performance Computing Research Center (AHPCRC) under Army Research Laboratory (ARL) [DAAD19-01-2-0014]; NSF [IIS-0208621] FX This work was partially supported by the US Army Corps of Engineers under contract number W9132V-06-C-0011, the Army High Performance Computing Research Center (AHPCRC) under the auspices of the Department of the Army, Army Research Laboratory (ARL) under contract number DAAD19-01-2-0014, and the NSF grant IIS-0208621. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1550-4786 BN 978-0-7695-2701-7 J9 IEEE DATA MINING PY 2006 BP 119 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BFZ37 UT WOS:000245601900014 ER PT B AU Jones, P Huber, TE Melngailis, J Barry, J Ervin, MH Zheleva, TS Nikolaeva, A Konopko, L Graf, M AF Jones, P. Huber, T. E. Melngailis, J. Barry, J. Ervin, M. H. Zheleva, T. S. Nikolaeva, A. Konopko, Leonid Graf, M. GP IEEE TI Electrical contact resistance of bismuth telluride nanowires SO ICT'06: XXV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THERMOELECTRICS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics (ICT'06) CY AUG 06-10, 2006 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP IEEE, Int Thermoelect Soc, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, Univ Vienna, AVL, Bank Austria Creditanstalt, Fritsch, Invensys Eurotherm, Frey Wille, Loreal Paris, Seitner, Studio Silvia Parfumerie Petri, Marriott Vienna, UNIQUA, FURNKRANZ, OMV, Hammerle ID THERMAL-PROPERTIES; ARRAYS; BI2TE3; ALUMINA AB With increasing miniaturization in microelectronics, one of the challenges to maintaining device performance is the management of excess heat. The room-temperature thermoelectric efficiencies of bismuth telluride (BiTe) compounds are the highest reported for any material. Therefore, BiTe nanowires are interesting as building blocks of thermoelectric circuits that can be used for heat management. Further improvements in nanoscale thermoelectrics may lead to new applications such as nanoscale room temperature coolers and generators, and uncooled bolometers. The exploitation of the thermoelectric properties of devices based on nanowires of thermoelectric materials requires good electrical contacts between the nanowires and metal electrodes and this is the subject of the present report. We present a study of the contact resistance and methods for controlling its value in individual bismuth telluride nanowires. The wires are fabricated by employing a two step method. First, dense arrays of 200-nm bismuth telluride nanowires are prepared by a nonlithographic fabrication technique consisting of the pressure injection of an alumina template with molten bismuth telluride. In the second step, individual nanowires are removed from the template by etching the alumina. The two step method has the advantage that, as we will show, some of the nanowires' properties can be characterized by performing measurements on the arrays. In our investigations, we employed a simple device consisting of attaching a bismuth telluride nanowire to two gold planar electrodes. We find that the contact resistance has the potential of being non-ohmic and therefore lead to non-equilibrium C1 [Jones, P.] Howard Univ, 500 Coll St NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Univ Maryland, UMD, College Pk, MD 20904 USA. US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Moldavian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Appl, Kishinev, MD, Moldova. Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA USA. RP Huber, TE (reprint author), Howard Univ, 500 Coll St NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM thuber@howard.edu FU National Science Foundation [NSF-0506842, NSF-0611595]; Division of Materials of the ARO [DAAD4006-MS-SAH]; Civilian Research and Development Foundation for the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union (CRDF) [MP2- 3019] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF-0506842 and NSF-0611595, by the Division of Materials of the ARO under Grant No. DAAD4006-MS-SAH and by the Civilian Research and Development Foundation for the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union (CRDF), award #MP2- 3019. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0810-8 PY 2006 BP 693 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science GA BGB71 UT WOS:000245921800166 ER PT S AU Celik, M Shekhar, S Rogers, JP Shine, JA AF Celik, Mete Shekhar, Shashi Rogers, James P. Shine, James A. GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Sustained emerging spatio-temporal co-occurrence pattern mining: A summary of results SO ICTAI-2006: EIGHTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOOLS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings-International Conference on Tools With Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI-2006) CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Comp Soc, Biol & Artificial Intelligence Soc, ITRI Wright State Univ, Virginia Tech CS Dept AB Sustained emerging spatio-temporal co-occurrence patterns (SECOPs) represent subsets of object-types that are increasingly located together in space and time. Discovering SECOPs is important due to many applications, e.g., predicting emerging infectious diseases, predicting defensive and offensive intent from troop movement patterns, and novel predator prey interactions. However, mining SECOPs is computationally very expensive because the interest measures are computationally complex, datasets are larger due to the archival history, and the set of candidate patterns is exponential in the number of object-types. We propose a monotonic interest measure for mining SECOPs and a novel SECOP mining algorithm. Analytical and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is correct, complete, and computationally faster than related approaches. Results also show the proposed algorithm is computationally more efficient than naive alternatives. C1 [Celik, Mete; Shekhar, Shashi] Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Celik, Mete; Rogers, James P.; Shine, James A.] Topograph Engn Ctr, ERDC, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Celik, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM mcelik@cs.umn.edu; shekhar@cs.umn.edu; james.p.rogers.II@erdc.usace.army.mil; james.a.shine@erdc.usace.army.mil FU US Army Corps of Engineers [W9132V-06-C-0011]; Army High Performance Computing Research Center (AHPCRC) under Department of the Army, Army Research Laboratory (ARL) [DAAD19-01-2-0014]; NSF [IIS-0208621] FX This work was partially supported by the US Army Corps of Engineers under contract number W9132V-06-C-0011, the Army High Performance Computing Research Center (AHPCRC) under the auspices of the Department of the Army, the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) under contract number DAAD19-01-2-0014, and NSF grant IIS-0208621. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1082-3409 BN 978-0-7695-2728-4 J9 PROC INT C TOOLS ART PY 2006 BP 106 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BFW79 UT WOS:000245172700015 ER PT S AU Morris, GR Prasanna, VK Anderson, RD AF Morris, Gerald R. Prasanna, Viktor K. Anderson, Richard D. BE Werner, B TI An FPGA-based application-specific processor for efficient reduction of multiple variable-length floating-point data sets SO IEEE 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATION-SPECIFIC SYSTEMS, ARCHITECTURES AND PROCESSORS, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Application-Specific Systems Architectures and Processors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Conference on Application-Specific Systems, Architectures and Processors CY SEP 11-13, 2006 CL Steamboat Springs, CO SP IEEE AB Reconfigurable computers (RCs) that combine general-purpose processors with field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are now available. In these exciting systems, the FPGAs become reconfigurable application-specific-processors (ASPs). Specialized high-level language (HLL) to hardware description language (HDL) compilers allow these ASPs to be reconfigured using HLLs. In our research we describe a novel toroidal data structure and scheduling algorithm that allows us to use an HLL-to-HDL environment to implement a high-performance ASP that reduces multiple, variable-length sets of 64-bit floating-point data. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our ASP by using it to accelerate a sparse matrix iterative solver We compare actual wall clock run times of a production-quality software iterative solver with an ASP-augmented version of the same solver on a current generation RC Our ASP-augmented solver runs up to 2.4 times faster than software. Estimates show that this same design can run over 6.4 times faster on a next-generation RC. C1 [Morris, Gerald R.; Prasanna, Viktor K.] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Anderson, Richard D.] US Army, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Major Shared Resource Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Morris, GR (reprint author), Univ Southern Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM grm@usc.edu; prasanna@usc.edu; richard.d.anderson@erdc.usace.army.mil FU United States National Science Foundation [CCR-0311823, ACI-0305763]; Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization FX This work was supported by the United States National Science Foundation under award No. CCR-0311823 and in part by award No. ACI-0305763. This work was also supported in part by the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-6862 BN 0-7695-2682-9 J9 IEEE INT CONF ASAP PY 2006 BP 323 EP + DI 10.1109/ASAP.2006.11 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFN54 UT WOS:000243328300055 ER PT S AU Sadowski, RW Ballmann, MC Shoop, BL AF Sadowski, Robert W. Ballmann, Michael C. Shoop, Barry L. BE DucoudrayAcevedo, GO Garcia, RP Cedeno, MJ TI A neural network CMOS circuit implementation for real-time halftoning applications SO IEEE MWSCAS'06: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 49TH MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL II SE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY AUG 06-09, 2006 CL San Juan, PR SP IEEE DE image processing; analog circuits; optoelectronic devices AB We report on an underlying hardware approach to implement a neural network for real-time image halftoning. We present simulation and experimental results using a modified current starved comparator as the quantizing element that has a 40 fold reduction in pixel current over our previous designs. The neuron is self-biasing with error weighting achieved through current division to enable operation at a variety of bias voltages. The circuit is designed for integration with a flip-chip bonded photodiode array for imaging applications. C1 [Sadowski, Robert W.; Ballmann, Michael C.; Shoop, Barry L.] US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Sadowski, RW (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM robert.sadowski@usma.edu; barry.shoop@usma.edu FU U.S. Army Research Office under Proposal [46848-PH (MIPR 4MUMAARO080)] FX his work was supported by the U.S. Army Research Office under Proposal 46848-PH (MIPR 4MUMAARO080). NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3746 BN 978-1-4244-0172-7 J9 MIDWEST SYMP CIRCUIT PY 2006 BP 614 EP + DI 10.1109/MWSCAS.2006.381805 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGP34 UT WOS:000249557100129 ER PT J AU Sadler, BM AF Sadler, BM TI Local and broadcast clock synchronization in a sensor node SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE quantization noise; regression; sensor network; synchronization ID NETWORKS AB Energy constrained wireless sensor networks need to maintain network timing for coordinating event detection and processing, and to enable receiver duty cycling and communications rendezvous, in order to save energy. Motivated by this, we consider synchronization of a slow low-power local oscillator with an occasionally observed fast and highly accurate broadcast clock (such as GPS). Errors are modeled as quantization noise, incurred when comparing the slow and fast clocks. We consider estimation of the offset and skew between the clocks, detection of drift in the local clock, and prediction of the broadcast clock based on the locally observed times. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sadler, BM (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM bsadler@arl.army.mil NR 12 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9908 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC LET JI IEEE Signal Process. Lett. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1 BP 9 EP 12 DI 10.1109/LSP.2005.860551 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 995IF UT WOS:000234093300003 ER PT J AU Kaplan, LM AF Kaplan, LM TI Global node selection for localization in a distributed sensor network SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID WIRELESS MICROSENSOR NETWORKS; BEARINGS-ONLY TRACKING; TARGET LOCALIZATION; PROPAGATION; TURBULENCE; BOUNDS; MODEL AB This work considers the problem of selecting the best nodes for localizing (in the mean squared (MS) position error sense) a target in a distributed wireless sensor network. Each node consists of an array of sensors that are able to estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) to a target. Different computationally efficient node selection approaches that use global network knowledge are introduced. Performance bounds based on the node/target geometry are derived, and these bounds help to determine the necessary communication reach of the active nodes. The resulting geolocation performance and energy usage, based on communication distance, is evaluated for a decentralized extended Kalman filter (EKF) that is exploiting the different selection approaches. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Kaplan, LM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM lkaplan@ieee.org NR 50 TC 107 Z9 116 U1 3 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 113 EP 135 DI 10.1109/TAES.2006.1603409 PG 23 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 025SU UT WOS:000236288000008 ER PT J AU Kaplan, LM AF Kaplan, LM TI Local node selection for localization in a distributed sensor network SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID WIRELESS MICROSENSOR NETWORKS AB This paper discusses a new localized resource manager for a wireless sensor network of bearings-only sensors. Specifically, each node uses knowledge of the target under surveillance to determine whether it should actively collect measurements and how far to disseminate the data in order for the sensor network to maintain track of the target. At each node, the resource manager requires only knowledge of the relative location to the target for itself and the active nodes from the previous snapshot. The decentralized strategy represents a modification to the global node selection (GNS) method that exploits knowledge or the location of all nodes in the network. Simulations show that despite the lack of global network knowledge, the new localized management method is almost as effective as GNS in terms of balancing the tradeoff between energy usage and localization accuracy. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SESE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Kaplan, LM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SESE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM lkaplan@ieee.org NR 22 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 136 EP 146 DI 10.1109/TAES.2006.1603410 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 025SU UT WOS:000236288000009 ER PT J AU Whitman, GM Pinthong, C Chen, WY Schwering, FK AF Whitman, GM Pinthong, C Chen, WY Schwering, FK TI Rigorous TE solution to the dielectric wedge antenna fed by a slab waveguide SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE dielectric antenna; dielectric wedge antenna; mode-matching; tapered dielectric rod antenna ID SURFACE-WAVES; ROD ANTENNAS; TRANSVERSE DISCONTINUITIES; INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; STEP DISCONTINUITY; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; SCATTERING; WAVEGUIDES; JUNCTIONS; TAPERS AB A rigorous TE solution to the dielectric wedge antenna fed by a slab waveguide of the same material is presented. The method of solution involves modeling the wedge as a sequence of step discontinuities and uses an iterative procedure to track forward and backward partial wave fields, expressed as modal expansions, to obtain the rigorous field solution. Radiation patterns of directive gain are presented. All patterns smoothly decrease from a maximum in the endfire direction and exhibit extremely low side lobe levels. Longer length wedges or smaller dielectric constant materials are shown to produce higher directivity and smaller half-power beamwidths. For slender, gradually tapered wedges the reflection coefficient of the guided (surface) wave at the input to the wedge is very small indicating a low VSWR for tapered dielectric antennas and there appears to be no gain limitation with antenna length for these antennas. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. INTI Coll Malaysia, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07702 USA. RP Whitman, GM (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM whitman@njit.edu NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 BP 101 EP 114 DI 10.1109/TAP.2005.861533 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 008CB UT WOS:000235016700013 ER PT J AU O'Neill, K Sun, K Shubitidze, F Shamatava, I Paulsen, KD AF O'Neill, K Sun, K Shubitidze, F Shamatava, I Paulsen, KD TI Accounting for the effects of widespread discrete clutter in subsurface EMI remote sensing of metallic objects SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE clutter; electromagnetic induction (EMI); subsurface; unexploded ordnance (UXO) ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION; CLASSIFICATION; EXCITATION AB In practice, most signal processing strategies for discrimination of buried objects are clutter limited. This applies even to discrimination of shallow sizable metallic objects, such as unexploded ordnance (UXO), which are to be found predominantly in the top meter of soil. The environment typically features widespread metallic clutter from detonated ordnance or other sources. Such fragments can be numerous and are often shallower than the objects of interest. Currently, the preeminent remote sensing mode for buried UXO is ultrawideband electromagnetic induction (EMI), operating over part or all of the band from some tens of hertz up to perhaps hundreds of kilohertz. Particularly because EMI fields fall off sharply with range, signals from shallow clutter may be relatively strong and can easily obscure essential scatterer signatures. To treat this, a rational theory of EMI scattering from widespread metallic clutter is formulated and tested. For dense, well-distributed clutter, analytical rules are derived for dependence of signal strength on sensor elevation, under various fundamental excitation types. For more erratic, sparse clutter distributions, signal statistics from Monte Carlo simulations show patterns like those from the analytical rules. The dependence of clutter signal magnitude on antenna elevation is determined for both thin surface layers and for volume layers of widespread small items, and for both dense and sparse clutter distributions. These are contrasted with the patterns expected from single, larger, discrete objects of interest, and the contrast is exploited in discrimination exercises for the screening problem. For sparse clutter distributions, results from inversion processing formulations that account for the patterns of clutter statistics are compared to simple least squares treatments. C1 US Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP O'Neill, K (reprint author), US Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Kevin.ONeill@ERDC.usace.army.mil NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 1 BP 32 EP 46 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.858437 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 999DC UT WOS:000234367900004 ER PT J AU Ranney, KI Soumekh, M AF Ranney, KI Soumekh, M TI Signal subspace change detection in averaged multilook SAR imagery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE change detection; multilook processing; signal subspace processing (SSP); synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID CLUTTER; SPECKLE AB This paper addresses change detection in averaged multilook synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. Averaged multilook SAR images are preferable to full-aperture SAR reconstructions when the imaging algorithm is approximation-based (e.g., polar format processing) or when motion data are not accurate over a long full aperture. We examine the application of a SAR change-detection method, known as signal subspace processing, which is based on the principles of two-dimensional adaptive filtering, and we use it to recognize the addition of surface landmines to a particular area under surveillance. We describe the change-detection problem as a trinary hypothesis testing problem, and define a change signal and its normalized version to determine whether: 1) there is no change in the imaged scene; 2) a target has entered the imaged scene; or 3) a target has exited the imaged scene. A statistical analysis of the error signal is provided to show its properties and merits. Results are presented for averaged noncoherent multilook and coherent single-look X-Band SAR imagery. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Ranney, KI (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM kenneth.ranney@us.army.mil; msoum@eng.buffalo.edu NR 18 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 1 BP 201 EP 213 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.859956 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 999DC UT WOS:000234367900020 ER PT S AU Kwon, H Nasrabadi, NM AF Kwon, Heesung Nasrabadi, Nasser M. BE Dougherty, ER Astola, JT Egiazarian, KO Nasrabadi, NM Rizvi, SA TI Kernel subspace matched target detectors - art. no. 60641A SO Image Processing: Algorithms and Systems, Neural Networks, and Machine Learning SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Processing - Algorithms and Systems, Neural Networks, and Machine Learning CY JAN 16-18, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol AB In this paper, we compare several detection algorithms that are based on spectral matched (subspace) filters. Nonlinear (kernel) versions of these spectral matched (subspace) detectors are also discussed and their performance is compared with the linear versions. These kernel-based detectors exploit the nonlinear correlations between the spectral bands that are ignored by the conventional detectors. Several well-known matched detectors, such as matched subspace detector, orthogonal subspace detector, spectral matched filter and adaptive subspace detector (adaptive cosine estimator) are extended to their corresponding kernel versions by using the idea of kernel-based learning theory. In kernel-based detection algorithms the data is implicitly mapped into a high dimensional kernel feature space by a nonlinear mapping which is associated with a kernel function. The detection algorithm is then derived in the feature space which is kernelized in terms of the kernel functions in order to avoid explicit computation in the high dimensional feature space. Experimental results based on simulated toy-examples and real hyperspectral imagery show that the kernel versions of these detectors outperforrn the conventional linear detectors. C1 USA, Res Lab, ATTN, AMSRD,ARL SE SE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Kwon, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, ATTN, AMSRD,ARL SE SE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6104-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6064 BP A641 EP A641 AR 60641A DI 10.1117/12.655689 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEF40 UT WOS:000237084700041 ER PT S AU Rand, RS Wang, D AF Rand, Robert S. Wang, DeLiang BE Szu, HH TI A biologically inspired neural oscillator network for geospatial analysis - art. no. 62470N SO Independent Component Analyses, Wavelets, Unsupervised Smart Sensors, and Neural Networks IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Independent Component Analyses, Wavelets, Unsupervised Smart Sensor, and Neural Networks IV CY APR 17-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE nonlinear dynamical networks; neural networks; relaxation oscillators; oscillatory correlation; synchronization; scene segmentation; pattern analysis ID VISUAL-CORTEX; CAT AB A biologically plausible neurodynamical approach to scene segmentation based on oscillatory correlation theory is investigated. A network of relaxation oscillators, which is based on the Locally Excitatory Globally Inhibitory Oscillator Network (LEGION), is constructed and adapted to geospatial data with varying ranges and precision. This nonlinear dynamical network is capable of achieving segmentation of objects in a scene by the synchronization of oscillators that receive local excitatory inputs from a collection of local neighbors and desynchronization between oscillators corresponding to different objects. The original LEGION model is sensitive to several aspects of the data that are encountered in real imagery, and achieving good performance across these different data types requires the constant adjusting of parameters that control excitatory and inhibitory connections. In this effort, the connections in the oscillator network are modified to reduce this sensitivity with the goal to eliminate the need for parameter adjustment. We assess the ability of the proposed approach to perform natural and urban scene segmentation for geospatial analysis. Our approach is tested on simulated scene data as well as real imagery with varying gray shade ranges and scene complexity. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Rand, RS (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6303-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6247 BP N2470 EP N2470 AR 62470N DI 10.1117/12.665040 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BES10 UT WOS:000239235400018 ER PT S AU Desai, S Hohil, M Morcos, A AF Desai, Sachi Hohil, Myron Morcos, Amir BE Szu, HH TI Classifying launch/impact events of mortar and artillery rounds utilizing DWT derived features and feedforward neural networks - art. no. 62470R SO Independent Component Analyses, Wavelets, Unsupervised Smart Sensors, and Neural Networks IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Independent Component Analyses, Wavelets, Unsupervised Smart Sensor, and Neural Networks IV CY APR 17-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE discrete wavelet transform; DWT; neural network; artillery; impact; launch; multiresolutional analysis; acoustic sensors AB Feature extraction methods based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and multiresolution analysis are used to develop a robust classification algorithm that reliably discriminates between launch and impact artillery and/or mortar events via acoustic signals produced during detonation. Distinct characteristics are found within the acoustic signatures since impact events emphasize concussive and shrapnel effects, while launch events are similar to explosions, designed to expel and propel an artillery round from a gun. The ensuing signatures are readily characterized by variations in the corresponding peak pressure and rise time of the waveform, differences in the ratio of positive pressure amplitude to the negative amplitude, variations in the prominent frequencies associated with the blast events and variations in the overall duration of the resulting waveform. Unique attributes can also be identified that depend upon the properties of the gun tube, projectile speed at the muzzle, and the explosive/concussive properties associated with the events. In this work, the discrete wavelet transform is used to extract the time-frequency components characteristic of the aforementioned acoustic signatures at ranges exceeding 2km. The resulting decomposition of the acoustic transient signals is used to produce a separable feature space. Highly reliable classification is achieved with a feedforward neural network classifier trained on a sample space derived from the distribution of wavelet coefficients and higher frequency details found within different levels of the multiresolution decomposition. The neural network developed herein provides a capability to classify events (as either launch (LA) or impact (IM)) with an accuracy that exceeds 88%. C1 USA, RDECOM, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Desai, S (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6303-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6247 BP R2470 EP R2470 AR 62470R DI 10.1117/12.667877 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BES10 UT WOS:000239235400022 ER PT J AU Cote, CK Van Rooijen, N Welkos, SL AF Cote, CK Van Rooijen, N Welkos, SL TI Roles of macrophages and neutrophils in the early host response to Bacillus anthracis spores in a mouse model of infection SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-PSITTACI SEROTYPE-1; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR NEUTROPHILS; TOXIN COMPONENTS; STERNE STRAIN; IN-VIVO; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; CYTOKINE RESPONSE; AMPHOTERICIN-B; LETHAL TOXIN; MURINE MODEL AB The development of new approaches to combat anthrax requires that the pathogenesis and host response to Bacillus anthracis spores be better understood. We investigated the roles that macrophages and neutrophils play in the progression of infection by B. anthracis in a mouse model. Mice were treated with a macrophage depletion agent (liposome-encapsulated clodronate) or with a neutrophil depletion agent (cyclophosphamide or the rat anti-mouse granulocyte monoclonal antibody RB6-8C5), and the animals were then infected intraperitoneally or by aerosol challenge with fully virulent, ungerminated B. anthracis strain Ames spores. The macrophage-depleted mice were significantly more susceptible to the ensuing infection than the saline-pretreated mice, whereas the differences observed between the neutropenic mice and the saline-pretreated controls were generally not significant. We also found that augmenting peritoneal neutrophil populations before spore challenge did not increase resistance of the mice to infection. In addition, the bacterial load in macrophage-depleted mice was significantly greater and appeared significantly sooner than that observed with the saline-pretreated mice. However, the bacterial load in the neutropenic mice was comparable to that of the saline-pretreated mice. These data suggest that, in our model, neutrophils play a relatively minor role in the early host response to spores, whereas macrophages play a more dominant role in early host defenses against infection by B. anthracis spores. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Free Univ Amsterdam, Dept Cell Biol & Immunol, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Welkos, SL (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, 1425 Porter St,Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM susan.welkos@amedd.army.mil NR 68 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 BP 469 EP 480 DI 10.1128/IAI.74.1.469-480.2006 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 997VH UT WOS:000234276400051 PM 16369003 ER PT J AU Peachman, KK Rao, M Alving, CR Burge, R Leppla, SH Rao, VB Matyas, GR AF Peachman, KK Rao, M Alving, CR Burge, R Leppla, SH Rao, VB Matyas, GR TI Correlation between lethal toxin-neutralizing antibody Titers and protection from intranasal challenge with Bacillus anthracis Ames strain spores in mice after transcutaneous immunization with recombinant anthrax protective antigen SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID SUSCEPTIBILITY; DISSEMINATION; PATCH AB Transcutaneous immunization of mice with recombinant protective antigen (rPA) of Bacillus anthracis resulted in significantly higher lethal toxin-neutralizing antibody titers than did intramuscular injection of alum-adsorbed rPA. Immunized mice were partially protected against intranasal challenge with 235,000 (10 50% lethal doses) Ames strain B. anthracis spores. A highly significant correlation was observed between toxin-neutralizing antibody titer and survival after challenge. Future experiments with rabbits and nonhuman primates should confirm the significance of protection by this vaccine strategy. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Vaccine Prod & Delivery, Div Retrovirol, US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biometr, Silver Spring, MD USA. NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Alving, CR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Vaccine Prod & Delivery, Div Retrovirol, US Mil HIV Res Program, 1600 E Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM calving@hivresearch.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [1U01 AI 056443-01] NR 13 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 BP 794 EP 797 DI 10.1128/IAI.74.1.794-797.2006 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 997VH UT WOS:000234276400091 PM 16369043 ER PT J AU Murray, CK AF Murray, CK TI Infectious disease challenges in military personnel returning from Iraq and Afghanistan SO INFECTIONS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE leishmaniasis; malaria; Acinetobacter baumannii ID UNITED-STATES; MALARIA; SOMALIA; CASUALTIES; SOLDIERS; WAR AB About 1 million US military personnel have been deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). During deployment, healthy personnel undergo potential exposures to endemic infectious diseases they may not have previously encountered. Although most of these diseases will probably present and be managed during the deployment or immediately after the personnel return home, some diseases may require prolonged care or have long incubation periods, resulting in later diagnosis and management after return to the United States. Leishmaniasis, malaria, and drug-resistant bacterial infections (specifically, infection with Acinetobacter baumannii) are among the entities most likely to be seen in personnel who have returned home after supporting OIF/OEF and who present with diseases that have prolonged incubation periods or require prolonged therapy. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Murray, CK (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU SCP COMMUNICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 134 W 29TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001-5304 USA SN 0749-6524 J9 INFECT MED JI Infect. Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 23 IS 1 BP 17 EP + PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 002VT UT WOS:000234640700007 ER PT S AU Becker, L AF Becker, Latika BE Longshore, RE Sood, A TI A review of advances in EO/IR focal plane array technology for space system applications - art. no. 62940R SO Infrared and Photoelectronic Imagers and Detector Devices II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared and Photoelectronic Imagers and Detector Devices CY AUG 13-14, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID INTEGRATED SENSOR ARRAYS; HGCDTE; PHOTODETECTORS; DETECTORS AB A variety of single color and multicolor Electro Optical/Infrared (EO/IR) Focal Plane Array technologies are being developed for Space System Applications. There has been a significant research and development effort to date to improve the technology in single and multicolor wavelength bands that include the SWIR, MWIR and LWIR spectral regions. This review paper will address the current technologies and new ones that will be useful for near term applications and also can provide further improvements for future systems applications. C1 USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. RP Becker, L (reprint author), USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6373-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6294 BP R2940 EP R2940 AR 62940R DI 10.1117/12.684640 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BFI13 UT WOS:000241971800023 ER PT S AU Hartke, J Dereniak, E Levan, PD AF Hartke, John Dereniak, Eustace LeVan, Paul D. BE Dereniak, EL Sampson, RE TI Non-scanning dual infrared band hyperspectral imaging spectrometer design - art. no. 62950D SO Infrared Detectors and Focal Plane Arrays VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Infrared Detectors and Focal Plane Arrays CY AUG 15-16, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE dual band; imaging spectrometer; computed tomographic imaging spectrometer ID IR DETECTION MODULES; FOCAL-PLANE ARRAYS; HGCDTE; COLOR; FPAS AB Recent advances in dual band infrared focal plane technology now enable the design and testing of a dual infrared band snapshot imaging spectrometer, the first-ever of its kind. A review of proof of concept results from a dual-visible-band Computed Tomographic Imaging Spectrometer (CTIS) system is presented. The dual-visible system demonstrates that it is possible to reconstruct two spatially co-registered hyperspectral data cubes covering different spectral bands. Based on the visible band CTIS proof of concept, a similar infrared system is now proposed. Critical to the CTIS system is the design of the Computer Generated Holographic (CGH) disperser. Several different (CGH) designs are considered. A first order optical design for the dual infrared band CTIS is presented. C1 US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Hartke, J (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6374-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6295 BP D2950 EP D2950 AR 62950D DI 10.1117/12.678506 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BFI14 UT WOS:000241972600010 ER PT S AU O'Kane, BL Page, G AF O'Kane, Barbara L. Page, Gary BE Holst, GC TI Angular distance traveled across the eye as figure of merit for detecting moving targets - art. no. 620701 SO Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVII CY APR 19-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE moving target; low contrast targets; detection; target orientation; target size; psychophysical threshold AB The effect of motion on the delectability of low contrast targets is important to predicting target acquisition. Previous perception studies addressing a model for predicting detection of low contrast moving targets used square targets as a reflection of the description of a target given in the ACQUIRE model, along with various angular velocities. The results showed that the figure of merit for probability of detection was a function of the size of the target and the angular distance traveled on the screen. To determine if the moving target model required greater precision in the description of the shape of the target, the present perception study used five different sized targets that had aspect ratios of 4:1 or 1:4 for a total of ten target configurations. The results confirmed the probability of detection as a function of the angular distance traveled and the square root of the area, showing no consistent or significant effect of the horizontal or vertical orientation, nor of velocity. A simplified formula for the angular distance threshold as a function of target size is proposed. C1 US Army RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP O'Kane, BL (reprint author), US Army RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6263-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6207 BP 20701 EP 20701 AR 620701 DI 10.1117/12.664938 PG 7 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES55 UT WOS:000239300100001 ER PT S AU Young, SS Driggers, RG Teaney, BP Jacobs, EL AF Young, S. Susan Driggers, Ronald G. Teaney, Brian P. Jacobs, Eddie L. BE Holst, GC TI Adaptive deblurring of noisy images - art. no. 620707 SO Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVII CY APR 19-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE deblurring filter; adaptive design; noise suppression; human perception experiment; target identification AB This paper proposes a practical sensor deblur filtering method for images that are contaminated with noise. A sensor blurring function is usually modeled via a Gaussian-like function having a bell shape. The straightforward inverse function results in magnification of noise at the high frequencies. In order to address this issue, we apply a special window to the inverse blurring function. This special window is called the power window, which is a Fourier-based smoothing window that preserves most of the spatial frequency components in the pass-band and attenuates quickly at the transition-band. The power window is differentiable at the transition point which gives a desired smooth property and limits the ripple effect. Utilizing properties of the power window, we design the deblurring filter adaptively by estimating energy of the signal and noise of the image to determine the pass-band and transition-band of the filter. The deblurring filter design criteria are: a) filter magnitude is less than one at the frequencies where the noise is stronger than the desired signal (transition-band); b) filter magnitude is greater than one at the other frequencies (pass-band). Therefore, the adaptively designed deblurring filter is able to deblur the image by a desired amount based on the estimated or known blurring function while suppressing the noise in the output image. The deblurring filter performance is demonstrated by a human perception experiment which 10 observers are to identify 12 military targets with 12 aspect angles. The results of comparing target identification probabilities with blurred, deblurred, adding 2 level of noise to bluffed, and deblurred noisy images are reported. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Young, SS (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6263-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6207 BP 20707 EP 20707 AR 620707 DI 10.1117/12.665559 PG 12 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES55 UT WOS:000239300100007 ER PT S AU Devitt, N Moyer, S Young, S AF Devitt, Nicole Moyer, Steve Young, Susan BE Holst, GC TI Effect of image enhancement on the search and detection task in the urban terrain - art. no. 62070D SO Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVII CY APR 19-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL AB This research investigated the effects of using medical imaging enhancement techniques to increase the detectability of targets in the urban terrain. Targets in the urban environment present human observers different challenges than targets located in the traditional, open field, search environment. In the traditional environment, targets typically were military vehicles in a natural background. In the urban environment, targets were humans against a man-made background. The U. S. Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) and the U. S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) explored three image processing techniques: contrast enhancement, edge enhancement, and a multiscale edge domain process referred to as "mountain-view". For the mountain-view presentation, high-contrast edges were enhanced. Human perception experiments were conducted with non-enhanced real imagery collected from an Urban Operations training center. These human perception experiments establish a baseline response. Processing the imagery using the previously mentioned techniques then allowed human perception experiments to be conducted. The performance parameters used for comparison were probability of detection, and time required to detect a target. This research provided a methodology of evaluating and quantifying human performance differences in target acquisition based on image processing techniques in the urban environment. C1 US Army RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Devitt, N (reprint author), US Army RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6263-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6207 BP D2070 EP D2070 AR 62070D DI 10.1117/12.667999 PG 13 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES55 UT WOS:000239300100013 ER PT S AU Espinola, RL Olson, JT O'Shea, PD Hodgkin, VA Jacobs, EL AF Espinola, Richard L. Olson, Jeffrey T. O'Shea, Patrick D. Hodgkin, Van A. Jacobs, Eddie L. BE Holst, GC TI Separation of presampling and postsampling modulation transfer functions in infrared sensor systems - art. no. 62070P SO Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVII CY APR 19-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE modulation transfer function; infrared sensors AB New methods of measuring the modulation transfer function (MTF) of electro-optical sensor systems are investigated. These methods are designed to allow the separation and extraction of presampling and postsampling components from the total system MTF. The presampling MTF includes all the effects prior to the sampling stage of the imaging process, such as optical blur and detector shape. The postsampling MTF includes all the effects after sampling, such as interpolation filters and display characteristics. Simulation and laboratory measurements are used to assess the utility of these techniques. Knowledge of these components and inclusion into sensor models, such as the U.S. Army RDECOM CERDEC Night Vision & Electronic Sensors Directorate's NVThermIP, will allow more accurate modeling and complete characterization of sensor performance. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Espinola, RL (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6263-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6207 BP P2070 EP P2070 AR 62070P DI 10.1117/12.663903 PG 8 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES55 UT WOS:000239300100024 ER PT S AU Wijewarnasuriya, PS Chen, YP Brill, G Dhar, NK Carmody, M Bailey, R Arias, J AF Wijewarnasuriya, Priyalal S. Chen, Yuanping Brill, Gregory Dhar, Nibir K. Carmody, Michael Bailey, Robert Arias, Jose BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Molecular beam epitaxy grown long wavelength infrared HgCdTe on compliant Si substrates - art. no. 620611 SO Infrared Technology and Applications XXXII, Pts 1and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications CY APR 17-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE CdSeTe; CdTe/Si; LWIR; infrared detectors; molecular beam epitaxy; HgCdTe; focal plane arrays; NEDT ID FOCAL-PLANE ARRAYS; PHOTOVOLTAIC DETECTORS; MBE GROWTH; SILICON; CDZNTE/SI AB At the Army Research Laboratory (ARL), a new ternary semiconductor system CdSexTe1-x/Si(211) is being investigated as an alternative substrate to bulk-grown CdZnTe substrates for HgCdTe growth by molecular beam epitaxy. Under optimized conditions, best layers show surface defect density less than 400 cm(-2) and full width at half maximum of X-ray double crystal rocking curve as low as 100 arc-sec with excellent uniformity over 3 inch area. LW-HgCdTe layers on these compliant substrates exhibit comparable electrical properties to those grown on bulk CZT substrates. Photovoltaic devices fabricated on these LWIR material shows diffusion limited performance at 78K indicating high quality material. Measured R(o)A at 78K on lambda(co) = 10 mu m material is on the order of 340 Omega-cm(2). In addition to single devices, we have fabricated 256x256 2-D arrays with 40 mu m pixel pitch on LW-HgCdTe grown on Si compliant substrates. Data shows excellent QE operability of 99% at 78K under a tactical background flux of 6.7x10(15) ph/cm(2) sec. Most probable dark current at the peak distribution is 5.5 x 10(9) e-/sec and is very much consistent with the measured R(o)A values from single devices. Initial results indicate NETD of 33 mK for a cut-off wavelength of 10 pirt with 40 micron pixels size. This work demonstrates CdSexTe1-x/Si(211) substrates provides a potential road map to more affordable, robust 3(rd) generation FPAs. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wijewarnasuriya, PS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Brill, Gregory/G-4877-2013 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6262-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6206 BP 20611 EP 20611 AR 620611 DI 10.1117/12.665956 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BER42 UT WOS:000239035200037 ER PT S AU Choi, KK Monroy, C Swaminathan, V AF Choi, Kwong-Kit Monroy, Carlos Swaminathan, Venkataraman BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Optimization of corrugated-QWIPs for large format, high quantum efficiency, and multi-color FPAs - art. no. 62060B SO Infrared Technology and Applications XXXII, Pts 1and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications CY APR 17-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE optical coupling; EM modeling; QWIP; FPA ID SUPERLATTICES AB Previously, we demonstrated a large format 1024 x 1024 corrugated quantum well infrared photodetector focal plane array (C-QWIP FPA). The FPA has a cutoff at 8.6 mu m and is BLIP at 76 K with f/1.8 optics. The pixel had a shallow trapezoidal geometry that simplified processing but limited the quantum efficiency QE. In this paper, we will present two approaches to achieve a larger QE for the C-QWIPs. The first approach increases the size of the corrugations for more active volume and adopts a nearly triangular pixel geometry for larger light reflecting surfaces. With these improvements, QE is predicted to be about 35% for a pair of inclined sidewalls, which is more than twice the previous value. The second approach is to use Fabry-Perot resonant oscillations inside the corrugated cavities to enhance the vertical electric field strength. With this approach, a larger QE of 50% can be achieved within certain spectral regions without using either very thick active layers or anti-reflection coatings. The former approach has been adopted to produce a series single color FPAs, and the experimental results will be discussed in a companion paper. In this paper, we also describe using voltage tunable detector materials to achieve multi-color capability for these FPAs. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Choi, KK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Choi, Kwong-Kit/K-9205-2013 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6262-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6206 BP B2060 EP B2060 AR 62060B DI 10.1117/12.663960 PN 1&2 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BER42 UT WOS:000239035200011 ER PT S AU Wilson, WW AF Wilson, Wesley W. GP TRB TI Vessel, firm, and lock efficiency measures in lock performance SO INLAND WATERWAYS, PORTS, AND SHIPPING SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 85th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 22-26, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Transportat Res Board AB The inland waterway system is made up of a set of rivers and associated locks and dams. Dams establish "pools" of water that allow rivers to be navigated, and locks allow barges to pass from pools of different elevations. Lock performance (i.e., the timely passage of barges through the waterway) depends on many factors. This study examines lock performance in terms of the structural design of locks; the characteristics of the flotilla (vessels and barges); a set of state conditions (weather, river levels, etc.); and characteristics of vessels, locks, and firms. Vessel, firm, and lock efficiency measures are developed by using panel data techniques, and observed factors that influence efficiency are evaluated. The results indicate considerable heterogeneity across vessels, firms, and locks, which results in significant differences in timely passage through the locks. C1 Univ Oregon, Dept Econ, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Wilson, WW (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Econ, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RI Wilson, Wesley/A-4256-2013; Wilson, William/A-3631-2009 OI Wilson, Wesley/0000-0001-8969-291X; Wilson, William/0000-0001-5658-0997 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-09972-2 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2006 IS 1963 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BFM01 UT WOS:000242971000001 ER PT S AU Train, K Wilson, WW AF Train, Kenneth Wilson, Wesley W. GP TRB TI Spatial demand decisions in the Pacific Northwest - Mode choices and market areas SO INLAND WATERWAYS, PORTS, AND SHIPPING SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 85th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 22-26, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Transportat Res Board AB Individual transportation demand decisions form the basis of aggregated demand models that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (ACE) uses to evaluate infrastructure improvements. The treatment by ACE planning models has been criticized on the grounds that the demand expressions are inappropriate. Specifically, the demand models used are perfectly inelastic (to a threshold point) and ignore the spatial market setting in which transportation decisions are made. This paper reports the results of a survey of shippers located on and off the Columbia-Snake waterway in the Pacific Northwest to estimate shipper-level demand decisions. The model addresses the concerns about the current ACE planning models by estimating elasticities rather than assuming them and by allowing the probability of using the river to be explained in terms of the spatial setting of the demander. The survey provides choices made in both revealed and stated preference settings. The choice attributes are rate, transit times, and reliability. The revealed and stated preference data are combined to estimate demand functions. The choice model is then used to simulate the likelihood of using the river as a function of shipment distances. To perform these simulations, rates and transit times are fit to distances. These relations are used with the choice model to explain decisions to use truck-barge as a function of distance to the waterway. The choice model provides statistically significant effects of rate, time, and reliability on mode choice, and the simulation suggests that as distance from the waterway increases, the likelihood of using the waterway falls. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Econ, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Econ, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Train, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Econ, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wilson, Wesley/A-4256-2013 OI Wilson, Wesley/0000-0001-8969-291X NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-09972-2 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2006 IS 1963 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BFM01 UT WOS:000242971000002 ER PT S AU Fenneman, D Libbey, B AF Fenneman, Douglas Libbey, Brad BE Atchley, AA Sparrow, VW Keolian, RM TI Experimental investigation of excitation techniques for Nonlinear acoustic mine detection SO Innovations in Nonlinear Acoustics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics CY JUL 18-22, 2005 CL State Coll, PA SP Penn State Univ, Grad Program Acoust, Acoust Soc Amer, Int Commiss Acoust DE nonlinear; acoustics; landmine detection AB Recently, a nonlinear acoustic landmine detection technique has been investigated [1, 2]. In this detection scheme, two tones are broadcast near a buried mine. The acoustic energy couples into the soil and causes both the mine and the surrounding soil to vibrate. Vibration sensors are then used to measure intermodulation frequencies generated in the vicinity of the mine. A comparison of the intermodulation effects above a mine to those at an off target location identifies the position of the buried target. Research indicates that the contrast ratios measured using nonlinear detection exceed those obtained using linear detection. However, the velocities produced at the intermodulation frequencies are significantly less than the velocities measured using linear detection. The objective is to maximize the on/off target contrast ratio obtained in conjunction with nonlinear acoustic mine detection. This goal will be pursued by experimentally examining excitation methods and the resultant surface velocities at nonlinearly generated frequencies. Specifically, the impact of increasing the primary amplitudes on soil surface velocity will be examined. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Fenneman, D (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0330-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 838 BP 59 EP 62 PG 4 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA BEN52 UT WOS:000238312600009 ER PT J AU Fredette, TJ AF Fredette, Thomas J. TI Why Confined Aquatic Disposal Cells Often Make Sense SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Confined aquatic disposal; Contaminated sediment; Environmental risk; Capping AB Confined aquatic disposal (CAD) cells are increasingly becoming the selected option for the management of unacceptably contaminated sediments. CAD cells are selected as the preferred alternative because this approach provides an acceptable compromise when cost, logistics, regulatory acceptance, environmental risk, and perception of various alternatives are considered. This preference for CAD cells often occurs even when other alternatives with similar risk reduction and less cost, such as an open water capping alternative, are considered as options. This paradox is largely a result of subjective factors that affect regulatory acceptance such as public perceptions. C1 [Fredette, Thomas J.] US Army, Corps Engn, 696 Virginia Rd, Concord, MA 01742 USA. RP Fredette, TJ (reprint author), US Army, Corps Engn, 696 Virginia Rd, Concord, MA 01742 USA. EM thomas.j.fredette@usace.army.mil NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 2 IS 1 BP 35 EP 38 DI 10.1002/ieam.5630020107 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WT UT WOS:000209712200008 PM 16640315 ER PT J AU Bridges, TS Apitz, SE Evison, L Keckler, K Logan, M Nadeau, S Wenning, RJ AF Bridges, Todd S. Apitz, Sabine E. Evison, Leah Keckler, Kymberlee Logan, Mary Nadeau, Steve Wenning, Richard J. TI Risk-Based Decision Making to Manage Contaminated Sediments SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Sediment management; Decision making; MCDA AB This paper summarizes discussion among the 7 authors who served on an expert panel at the Third Battelle International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments held in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, in January 2005. In this article, the authors review how sediment management decisions are currently made and address the question of how management decisions should be made in the future. It is arguably the case that sediment remediation presents greater challenges and more complexity than traditional land-based clean-ups. Although understanding of these challenges and complexities has grown over the last 25 y, there has been, until recently, relatively little innovation in the approaches used to manage the environmental risks posed by contaminated sediments. New methods that facilitate a more rigorous analysis of the multiple criteria considered in decision making have been developed. These methods, collectively known as multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA), coupled with the use of comparative-risk assessment and cost/ benefit analysis, are proposed as an effective, efficient, and credible foundation for evaluating remedy alternatives at contaminated sediment sites. C1 [Bridges, Todd S.] US Army, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Apitz, Sabine E.] SEA Environm Decis, Little Hadham SG11 2AT, Herts, England. [Evison, Leah] US EPA, Off Superfund Remediat & Technol Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Keckler, Kymberlee] US EPA, Fed Facil Superfund Sect, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Logan, Mary] US EPA, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. [Nadeau, Steve] Honigman Miller Schwartz & Cohn LLP, Detroit, MI 48226 USA. [Wenning, Richard J.] ENVIRON Int Corp, San Francisco Bay Area, CA 94608 USA. RP Bridges, TS (reprint author), US Army, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Todd.S.Bridges@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 2 IS 1 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1002/ieam.5630020110 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WT UT WOS:000209712200011 PM 16640318 ER PT J AU Linkov, I Satterstrom, FK Kiker, GA Bridges, TS Benjamin, SL Belluck, DA AF Linkov, Igor Satterstrom, F. Kyle Kiker, Gregory A. Bridges, Todd S. Benjamin, Sally L. Belluck, David A. TI From Optimization to Adaptation: Shifting Paradigms in Environmental Management and Their Application to Remedial Decisions SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Adaptive management; Risk assessment; Decision analysis; Environmental management; Remediation AB Current uncertainties in our understanding of ecosystems require shifting from optimization-based management to an adaptive management paradigm. Risk managers routinely make suboptimal decisions because they are forced to predict environmental response to different management policies in the face of complex environmental challenges, changing environmental conditions, and even changing social priorities. Rather than force risk managers to make single suboptimal management choices, adaptive management explicitly acknowledges the uncertainties at the time of the decision, providing mechanisms to design and institute a set of more flexible alternatives that can be monitored to gain information and reduce the uncertainties associated with future management decisions. Although adaptive management concepts were introduced more than 20 y ago, their implementation has often been limited or piecemeal, especially in remedial decision making. We believe that viable tools exist for using adaptive management more fully. In this commentary, we propose that an adaptive management approach combined with multicriteria decision analysis techniques would result in a more efficient management decision-making process as well as more effective environmental management strategies. A preliminary framework combining the 2 concepts is proposed for future testing and discussion. C1 [Linkov, Igor; Satterstrom, F. Kyle] Cambridge Environm, 58 Charles St, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. [Kiker, Gregory A.] Univ Florida, Agr & Biol Engn Dept, POB 110570, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bridges, Todd S.] US Army Corps Engineers Ctr Contaminated Sediment, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, EP R, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Benjamin, Sally L.] Farm Serv Agcy, USDA, 1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Belluck, David A.] Fed Highway Adm, US Dept Transportat, 400 7th St SW, Washington, DC 20590 USA. RP Linkov, I (reprint author), Cambridge Environm, 58 Charles St, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. EM linkov@cambridgeenvironmental.com FU Dredging Operations Environmental Research Program; Center for Contaminated Sediments at the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center FX We thank Tom Seager (Purdue University), Marc Greenberg (USEPA), and Gregg Macey (University of Virginia) for fruitful discussions. We also acknowledge the support of our respective institutions in preparing this article. In particular, the support of the Dredging Operations Environmental Research Program and the Center for Contaminated Sediments at the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center is gratefully acknowledged. NR 42 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 2 IS 1 BP 92 EP 98 DI 10.1002/ieam.5630020116 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WT UT WOS:000209712200017 PM 16640324 ER PT J AU Cole, MW Cobas, LF AF Cole, M. W. Cobas, L. Fuentes TI Guest editorial: Ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Res Lab, WMRD Rodman Mat Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. CIMAV, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, WMRD Rodman Mat Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mcole@arl.army.mil; luis.fuentes@cimav.edu.mx NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2006 VL 83 BP V EP VII DI 10.1080/10584580600949014 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 100XW UT WOS:000241704500001 ER PT J AU Cole, MW Joshi, PC Hubbard, CW Ngo, E AF Cole, M. W. Joshi, P. C. Hubbard, C. W. Ngo, E. TI Material properties of MOSD derived Ba1-xSrxTiO3-based thin films for pyroelectric sensor applications SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectricity and Piezoelectricity held at the 14th International Materials Research Congress (IMRC 2005) CY AUG 21-25, 2005 CL Cancun, MEXICO DE BST thin films; uncooled detectors; pyroelectric; IR sensors ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; INFRARED-SENSORS; DETECTOR; PBTIO3 AB BaSrTiO3 (BST) thin films with a nominal composition of Ba0.60Sr0.40TiO3 and BST thin films doped with magnesium, aluminum, lanthanum and tantalum (0-20.0 mol% for Mg and 1.0 mol% for the Al, La and Ta dopants) were synthesized via the metalorganic solution deposition (MOSD) technique in order to investigate their potential for use as the active material in uncooled infrared (IR) detector applications. The films were characterized for structural, microstructural, compositional, surface morphological, dielectric and insulating properties. The Materials Detectivity Figure of Merit (FOM), D* [D* = (pi)/(C-V(epsilon(0)epsilon(r) tan delta)(1/2)] was used to evaluate the film's detectivity response. Our results suggest that undoped Ba60Sr40TiO3, with a value of D* = 0.08 (cm(3)/J)(1/2), appears to out perform Pb based pyroelectric thin films, thus making it a viable candidate for IR pyroelectric detector applications. In addition the preliminary dielectric response studies of the 5 mol% Mg doped BST and 1 mol% La doped BST thin films indicate that these two materials are also excellent potential IR material candidates. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Sharp Labs Amer Inc, Camas, WA 98607 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mcole@arl.army.mil NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2006 VL 83 BP 99 EP + DI 10.1080/10584580600949113 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 100XW UT WOS:000241704500010 ER PT J AU Nothwang, WD Hirsch, SG Demaree, JD Hubbard, CW Cole, MW Lin, B Giurgiutiu, V AF Nothwang, W. D. Hirsch, S. G. Demaree, J. D. Hubbard, C. W. Cole, M. W. Lin, B. Giurgiutiu, V. TI Direct integration of thin film piezoelectric sensors with structural materials for structural health monitoring SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectricity and Piezoelectricity held at the 14th International Materials Research Congress (IMRC 2005) CY AUG 21-25, 2005 CL Cancun, MEXICO DE ferroelectric thin films; integration; structural materials; BST; titanium AB Structural health monitoring is a means for drastically decreasing the maintenance and logistical cost associated with vehicular platforms especially aircraft. A system of small piezoelectric sensors distributed throughout the vehicle will be capable of acting passively or actively to monitor the changes within a structure that presage a component failure, and they will be able to detect and localize all impacts on the structure and evaluate any damage. Piezoelectric thin films were directly integrated with structural titanium utilizing a metal-organic chemical solution approach. The optimum integration strategy yielded a process easily performed without a cleanroom and semiconductor fabrication tools. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Nothwang, WD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM wnothwang@arl.army.mil RI Lin, Bin/A-7762-2012; GIURGIUTIU, VICTOR/B-3137-2012 OI Lin, Bin/0000-0003-3796-3129; NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2006 VL 83 BP 139 EP + DI 10.1080/10584580600950756 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 100XW UT WOS:000241704500013 ER PT S AU Frederick, PA Theisen, BL Ward, D AF Frederick, Philip A. Theisen, Bernard L. Ward, Derek BE Casasent, DP Hall, EL Roning, J TI Remote imagery for unmanned ground vehicles: The future of path planning for ground robotics - art. no. 638405 SO Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XXIV: Algorithms, Techniques, and Active Vision SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XXIV - Algorithms, Techniques, and Active Vision CY OCT 03-04, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE unmanned ground vehicles; UGV; path planning; satellite imagery; multi-spectral; RIUGV AB Remote Imagery for Unmanned Ground Vehicles (RIUGV) uses a combination of high-resolution multi-spectral satellite imagery and advanced commercial off-the-self (COTS) object-oriented image processing software to provide automated terrain feature extraction and classification. This information, along with elevation data, infrared imagery, a vehicle mobility model and various meta-data (local weather reports, Zobler Soil map, etc...), is fed into automated path planning software to provide a stand-alone ability to generate rapidly updateable dynamic mobility maps for Manned or Unmanned Ground Vehicles (MGVs or UGVs). These polygon based mobility maps can reside on an individual platform or a tactical network. When new information is available, change files are generated and ingested into existing mobility maps based on user selected criteria. Bandwidth concerns are mitigated by the use of shape files for the representation of the data (e.g. each object in the scene is represented by a shape file and thus can be transmitted individually). User input (desired level of stealth, required time of arrival, etc...) determines the priority in which objects are tagged for updates. This paper will also discuss the planned July 2006 field experiment. C1 USA, Tank Automat Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Frederick, PA (reprint author), USA, Tank Automat Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, 6501 E Eleven Mile Rd, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6482-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6384 BP 38405 EP 38405 AR 638405 DI 10.1117/12.685390 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BFI49 UT WOS:000242033100005 ER PT S AU Theisen, BL Nguyen, D AF Theisen, Bernard L. Nguyen, Dmitri BE Casasent, DP Hall, EL Roning, J TI The 14(TH) Annual Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition: Intelligent teams creating intelligent ground robots - art. no. 63840N SO Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XXIV: Algorithms, Techniques, and Active Vision SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XXIV - Algorithms, Techniques, and Active Vision CY OCT 03-04, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE intelligent roboss; autonomous systems; ground vehicles; engineering education; IGVC AB The Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC) is one of three, unmanned systems, student competitions that were founded by the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) in the 1990s. The IGVC is a multidisciplinary exercise in product realization that challenges college engineering student teams to integrate advanced control theory, machine vision, vehicular electronics, and mobile platform fundamentals to design and build an unmanned system. Teams from around the world focus on developing a suite of dual-use technologies to equip ground vehicles of the future with intelligent driving capabilities. Over the past 14 years, the competition has challenged undergraduate, graduate and Ph.D. students with real world applications in intelligent transportation systems, the military and manufacturing automation. To date, teams from over 50 universities and colleges have participated. This paper describes some of the applications of the technologies required by this competition and discusses the educational benefits. The primary goal of the IGVC is to advance engineering education in intelligent vehicles and related technologies. The employment and professional networking opportunities created for students and industrial sponsors through a series of technical events over the three-day competition are highlighted. Finally, an assessment of the competition based on participant feedback is presented. C1 USA, Tank Automot Res, Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Theisen, BL (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot Res, Dev & Engn Ctr, 6501 E Eleven Mile Rd, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6482-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6384 BP N3840 EP N3840 AR 63840N DI 10.1117/12.685386 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BFI49 UT WOS:000242033100023 ER PT J AU Walden, TC AF Walden, Therese C. TI Clinical benefits and risks of bilateral amplification SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUDIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Binaural Symposium CY OCT, 2005 CL Manchester, ENGLAND DE bilateral; evidence-based practice; omni-directional; directional; asymmetric; SNR ID ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; CHILDREN AB Clinicians are in the unique position of continually developing a foundation of evidence-based practice each time they evaluate a patient. This is true not only in the field of audiology, but also in all healthcare professions. Typically, evidence-based practice (EBP) is assimilated from a combination of a systematic review of current practices, practitioner experience, academic training and ongoing continuing education through review of journals, textbooks and attendance at meetings as well as informal discussions with colleagues. Clinicians are inundated with information from these sources, and they need to extract the necessary information and apply it to their specific patient population. Evidence-based practice as it applies to the non-medical treatment of hearing loss (with hearing aids) will be discussed. In addition, several studies based on clinical observations are presented for discussion. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Walden, TC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Heaton Pavil,6th Floor,Room 6A61,6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM therese.walden@na.amedd.army.mil NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1499-2027 J9 INT J AUDIOL JI Int. J. Audiol. PY 2006 VL 45 SU 1 BP S49 EP S52 DI 10.1080/14992020600782683 PG 4 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 091OV UT WOS:000241039100008 PM 16938775 ER PT J AU Duan, Y Keefe, M Bogetti, TA Powers, B AF Duan, Y Keefe, M Bogetti, TA Powers, B TI Finite element modeling of transverse impact on a ballistic fabric SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ballistic fabric; transverse impact; energy absorption; finite element analysis ID SPEED MISSILE IMPACT; FRICTION; BEHAVIOR; VELOCITY AB A 3D finite element analysis model is created using LS-DYNA to simulate the transverse impact of a rigid right circular cylinder onto a square patch of plain-woven Kevlar fabric. The fabric is modeled to yarn level resolution and relative motion between yarns is allowed. A frictional contact is defined between yarns and between the fabric and the projectile. Three different boundary conditions are applied on the fabric: four edges left free; two opposite edges clamped; four edges clamped. Results from the modeling effort show that during initial stage of the impact, the projectile velocity drops very quickly. There exists an abrupt momentum transfer from the projectile to the local fabric at the impact zone. When the impact velocity is low, the fabric boundary condition plays an important role at later stages of the impact. It significantly affects the fabric deformation, stress distribution, energy absorption and failure modes. When the impact velocity is high enough to cause the yarns to break instantaneously, the fabric fails along the periphery of the impact zone and the fabric boundary condition does not take any effects. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Duan, Y (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM duan@ccm.udel.edu RI Duan, Yiping/A-5541-2011 NR 16 TC 64 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7403 J9 INT J MECH SCI JI Int. J. Mech. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 48 IS 1 BP 33 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2005.09.007 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 996CL UT WOS:000234151900004 ER PT J AU Bass, CR Salzar, RS Lucas, SR Davis, M Donnellan, L Folk, B Sanderson, E Waclawik, S AF Bass, Cameron R. Salzar, Robert S. Lucas, Scott R. Davis, Martin Donnellan, Lucy Folk, Benny Sanderson, Ellory Waclawik, Stanley TI Injury risk in behind armor blunt thoracic trauma SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE blunt trauma; thorax; armor; ballistic AB First responders and military personnel are particularly susceptible to behind armor blunt thoracic trauma in occupational scenarios. The objective of this study was to develop an armored thorax injury risk criterion for short duration ballistic impacts. 9 cadavers and 2 anthropomorphic test dummies (AUSMAN and NY 0101.04 surrogate) were tested over a range of velocities encompassing low severity impacts, medium severity impacts, and high severity impacts based upon risk of sternal fracture. Thoracic injuries ranged from minor skin abrasions (abbreviated injury scale (AIS] 1) to severe sternal fractures (AIS 3+) and were well correlated with impact velocity and bone mineral density. 8 male cadavers were used in the injury risk criterion development. A 50% risk of AIS 3+ injury corresponded to a peak impact force of 24,900 +/- 1,400 N. The AUSMAN impact force correlated strongly with impact velocity. Recommendations to improve the biofidelity of the AUSMAN include implementing more realistic viscera and decreasing the skin thickness. C1 Univ Virginia, Ctr Appl Biomech, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Anteon Corp, Washington, DC USA. USA, Aberdeen Test Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Lucas, SR (reprint author), 1011 Linden Ave, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. EM slucas@virginia.edu NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU CENTRAL INSTITUTE LABOUR PROTECTION-NATL RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI WARSAW PA UL CZERNIAKOWSKA 16, WARSAW, 00-701, POLAND SN 1080-3548 J9 INT J OCCUP SAF ERGO JI Int. J. Occup. Saf. Ergon. PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 429 EP 442 PG 14 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 120GP UT WOS:000243072800009 PM 17156618 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, WD White, PM Wolf, DC Thoma, GJ Reynolds, CM AF Kirkpatrick, W. D. White, P. M., Jr. Wolf, D. C. Thoma, G. J. Reynolds, C. M. TI Selecting plants and nitrogen rates to vegetate crude-oil-contaminated soil SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE biomass production; germination; phytoremediation; rhizosphere-enhanced remediation ID COLD-TOLERANT PLANTS; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; POULTRY LITTER; PHYTOREMEDIATION; GROWTH; BIOREMEDIATION; GERMINATION; BIODEGRADATION; HYDROCARBONS; FERTILIZER AB Phytoremediation can be effective for remediating contaminated soils in situ and generally requires the addition of nitrogen (N) to increase plant growth. Our research objectives were to evaluate seedling emergence and survival of plant species and to determine the effects of N additions on plant growth in crude-oil-contaminated soil. From a preliminary survival study, three warm-season grasses-pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.), sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense [Piper] Stapf [Piper]), and browntop millet (Brachiaria ramosa L.)and one warm-season legume-jointvetch (Aeschynomene americana L.)-were chosen to determine the influence of the N application rate on plant growth in soil contaminated with weathered crude oil. Nitrogen was added based on total petroleum hydrocarbon-C:added N ratios (TPH-C:TN) ranging from 44:1 to 11:1. Plant species were grown for 7 wk. Root and shoot biomass were determined and root length and surface area were analyzed. Pearlmillet and sudangrass had higher shoot and root biomass when grown at a TPH-C:TN (inorganic) ratio of 11:1 and pearlmillet had higher root length and surface area when grown at 11:1 compared with the other species. By selecting appropriate plant species and determining optimum N application rates, increased plant root growth and an extended rhizosphere influence should lead to enhanced phytoremediation of crude-oil-contaminated soil. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USACE Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. RP Wolf, DC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Plant Sci 115, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM dwolf@uark.edu RI Thoma, Greg/B-6652-2012 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2006 VL 8 IS 4 BP 285 EP 297 DI 10.1080/15226510600992840 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 117OM UT WOS:000242882600002 PM 17305303 ER PT J AU Clayton, JD McDowell, DL Bammann, DJ AF Clayton, JD McDowell, DL Bammann, DJ TI Modeling dislocations and disclinations with finite micropolar elastoplasticity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Review DE constitutive behavior; crystal plasticity; disclinations; dislocations; microstructures ID RANGE INTERNAL-STRESSES; STRAIN GRADIENT PLASTICITY; CONTINUOUSLY DISTRIBUTED DISLOCATIONS; DEFORMED METAL CRYSTALS; TILT GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; INITIAL-STAGE; YIELD-STRESS; POLYCRYSTAL ELASTOVISCOPLASTICITY; NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS AB Aspects of a constitutive model for characterizing crystalline metals containing a distribution of dislocation and disclination defects are presented. Kinematics, balance laws, and general kinetic relations are developed - from the perspective of multiscale volume averaging - upon examination of a deforming crystalline element containing a distribution of displacement discontinuities in the form of translational and rotational lattice defects, i.e., dislocations and disclinations. The macroscopic kinematic description is characterized by a three-term multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient. The micro-level description follows from an additive decomposition of an affine connection into contributions from populations of dislocations and disclinations to the distortion of the lattice directors. Standard balance equations apply at the macroscopic scale, while momentum balances reminiscent of those encountered in micropolar elasticity (i.e., couple stress theory) are imposed at the micro-level on first and second order moment stresses associated with geometrically necessary defects. Thermodynamic restrictions are presented, and general features of kinetic relations are postulated for time rates of inelastic deformations and internal variables. Micropolar rotations are incorporated to capture physics that geometrically necessary dislocations stemming from first order gradients of elastic or plastic parts of the total deformation gradient may alone be unable to reflect, including evolution of defect substructure at multiple length scales and incompatible lattice misorientation gradients arising in ductile single crystals subjected to nominally homogeneous deformation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Impact Phys Branch, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Sci Based Mat Modeling, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Clayton, JD (reprint author), USA, Impact Phys Branch, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM jclayton@arl.army.mil RI Clayton, John/C-7760-2009 NR 180 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2006 VL 22 IS 2 BP 210 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2004.12.001 PG 47 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 989PA UT WOS:000233684900002 ER PT J AU Kudchadker, RJ Ha, CS Stokes, C Kirsner, SM Wilder, RB AF Kudchadker, R. J. Ha, C. S. Stokes, C. Kirsner, S. M. Wilder, R. B. TI Breast dose reduction in women undergoing mediastinal radiotherapy using a custom prone immobilization device SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Therapeutic-Radiology-and-Oncology CY NOV 05-09, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Therapeut Radiol & Oncol C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 2006 VL 66 IS 3 SU S MA 2834 BP S679 EP S679 DI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.07.1252 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 094EF UT WOS:000241221602345 ER PT J AU Sterbis, JR Chen, Y Cullen, J Lesperance, JO McLeod, DG Kang, SK AF Sterbis, J. R. Chen, Y. Cullen, J. Lesperance, J. O. McLeod, D. G. Kang, S. K. TI Clinical predictors of bone metastasis following definitive radiation therapy for prostate cancer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Therapeutic-Radiology-and-Oncology CY NOV 05-09, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Therapeut Radiol & Oncol C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD USA. Naval Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 2006 VL 66 IS 3 SU S MA 2285 BP S369 EP S369 DI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.07.692 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 094EF UT WOS:000241221601231 ER PT J AU Gaydos, I Tobler, SK Jordan, NN McKee, KT AF Gaydos, I. Tobler, S. K. Jordan, N. N. McKee, K. T. TI A review of reported sexually transmitted infections in the United States Military, 2000-2004 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance &, Publ Hlth Pract, Silver Spring, MD USA. US Army Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. DynPort Vaccine Co, Clin Res, Frederick, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PY 2006 VL 17 SU 1 MA P118 BP 70 EP 71 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 106UZ UT WOS:000242128800224 ER PT B AU Gao, Y Huang, AQ Krishnaswami, S Agarwal, AK Scozzie, C AF Gao, Yan Huang, Alex Q. Krishnaswami, Sumi Agarwal, Anant K. Scozzie, Charles GP IEEE TI Emitter size effect in 4H-SiC BJT SO IPEMC 2006: CES/IEEE 5TH INTERNATIONAL POWER ELECTRONICS AND MOTION CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference IPEMC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CES/IEEE 5th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference CY AUG 14-16, 2006 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Electro Tech, IEEE Power Elect Soc, Shanghai Univ, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, IEEE Beijing Sect HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ ID CURRENT GAIN AB SiC BJT with varying emitter width were investigated by numerical simulations as well as experiments. Emitter Size Effects (ESEs) are demonstrated in today's SiC BJT by comparing the characterization of BJT with different emitter width. Surface recombination current is found to be comparable with published result for Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBTs) [9]. In SiC BJT design, this effect has to be considered. A good surface passivation is required to reduce the effect of surface recombination on the current gain. C1 [Krishnaswami, Sumi] Cree Inc, SPEC, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Gao, Yan; Huang, Alex Q.] N Carolina State Univ, SPEC, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Scozzie, Charles] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Krishnaswami, S (reprint author), Cree Inc, SPEC, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RI Huang, Alex/Q-9784-2016 OI Huang, Alex/0000-0003-3427-0335 FU Army Research Laboratory in Adelphi [DAAD17-03-C-0117] FX This research was funded through the DAAD17-03-C-0117 program supported by the Army Research Laboratory in Adelphi, Md. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0448-7 J9 IEEE INT POWER ELEC PY 2006 BP 157 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFL70 UT WOS:000242884500027 ER PT B AU Breech, B Tegtmeyer, M Pollock, L AF Breech, Ben Tegtmeyer, Mike Pollock, Lori BE OConner, L TI An attack simulator for systematically testing program-based security mechanisms SO ISSRE 2006:17TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SOFTWARE RELIABILITY ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering CY NOV 07-10, 2006 CL Raleigh, NC SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Council Software Engn, IEEE Reliab Soc AB The use of insecure programming practices has led to a large number of vulnerable programs that can be exploited for malicious purposes. These vulnerabilities are often difficult to find during traditional software testing. In response to these difficulties, various program-based security mechanisms have been proposed to help protect potentially vulnerable programs. Testing these security mechanisms, however, also can be difficult and is currently rather adhoc. In this paper, we describe the design, implementation, and evaluation of an attack simulator that enables the systematic and semi-automatic testing and evaluation of the effectiveness of current and future security mechanisms by automatically providing numerous contexts for testing the reliability of the mechanisms. Capable of automatically creating attacks on running programs by dynamically adding code (but not modifying existing code), the attack simulator can run in different modes and simulate attacks at various program points systematically. Through a case study, we demonstrate how our tool can be used to test two well-known security mechanisms for stack smashing attacks in several different testing modes. C1 [Breech, Ben; Pollock, Lori] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Tegtmeyer, Mike] Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Breech, B (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM breech@cis.udel.edu; mtegtmeyer@arl.army.mil; pollock@cis.udel.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2684-3 PY 2006 BP 136 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BFR93 UT WOS:000244110800013 ER PT B AU Schmidt, JR Wendt, JOL Kerstein, AR AF Schmidt, John R. Wendt, Jost O. L. Kerstein, Alan R. BE Balachandar, S Prosperetti, A TI Prediction of particle laden turbulent channel flow using One-Dimensional Turbulence SO IUTAM SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES TO MULTIPHASE FLOW SE Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IUTAM Symposium on Computational Approaches to Disperse Multiphase Flow CY OCT 04-07, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP Int Union Theoret & Appl Mech HO Argonne Natl Lab ID PREFERENTIAL CONCENTRATION; FORMULATION AB This paper presents a method for integrating two-phase flow into the vector formulation of the One-Dimensional Turbulence model (ODT) without the introduction of any additional free parameters into the model. ODT is an unsteady turbulent flow simulation model implemented on a one-dimensional domain, representing flow evolution as observed along a line of sight through a 3D turbulent flow. Overturning motions representing individual eddies are implemented as instantaneous rearrangement events. Particles are simulated in a turbulent channel using one-way coupling. Numerical simulations were run with turbulent friction Reynolds numbers, Re tau, 180 and 640. Validation was achieved by comparing wall-normal profiles of particle statistics with DNS, LES, and experiments. C1 [Schmidt, John R.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Wendt, Jost O. L.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kerstein, Alan R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Schmidt, JR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences; United States Department of Energy [AC04-94-AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank Damian Rouson for providing data files from his work and Vebjorn Nilson for providing a FORTRAN code for ODT proper which served as the starting point for the numerical portion of this work. This work was partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-4976-5 J9 FLUID MECH APPL PY 2006 VL 81 BP 433 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BEU46 UT WOS:000239537200042 ER PT J AU Lopez-Moreno, C Palanco, S Laserna, JJ DeLucia, F Miziolek, AW Rose, J Walters, RA Whitehouse, AI AF Lopez-Moreno, C Palanco, S Laserna, JJ DeLucia, F Miziolek, AW Rose, J Walters, RA Whitehouse, AI TI Test of a stand-off laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy sensor for the detection of explosive residues on solid surfaces SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED PLASMA SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; IDENTIFICATION; INSTRUMENT; SAMPLES; RATIOS AB The detection and characterization of energetic materials at distances up to 45 m using stand-off laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been demonstrated. A field-portable open-path LIB spectrometer working under a coaxial configuration was used. A preliminary Study allowed choosing a single-pulse laser source over a double-pulse system as the most Suitable source for the stand-off analysis of organic samples. The C-2 Swan system, as well as the hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen emission intensity ratios were the necessary parameters to identify the analyte as all organic explosive, organic non-explosive and non-organic samples. O/N intensity ratios of 2.9 and 2.16 with relative standard deviations of 4.03% and 8.36% were obtained for 2,4-dinitrotoluene and aluminium samples, respectively. A field test with known samples and a blind test were carried out at a distance of 30 in from the sample. Identification of energetic compounds in such conditions resulted in 19 correct results out of 21 samples. C1 Univ Malaga, Fac Sci, Dept Analyt Chem, E-29071 Malaga, Spain. USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Ocean Opt Inc, Winter Pk, FL 32792 USA. Appl Photon Ltd, Unit 8, Skipton, N Yorkshire, England. RP Laserna, JJ (reprint author), Univ Malaga, Fac Sci, Dept Analyt Chem, E-29071 Malaga, Spain. EM Spainlaserna@uma.es; miziolek@arl.army.mil; royW@oceanoptics.com; andy.whitehouse@appliedphotonics.co.uk RI De Lucia, Frank/D-5630-2012; Palanco, Santiago/E-3418-2012; Laserna, Javier/C-6637-2013 OI Palanco, Santiago/0000-0002-8246-7995; Laserna, Javier/0000-0002-2653-9528 NR 24 TC 156 Z9 157 U1 3 U2 29 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1039/b508055j PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 008SI UT WOS:000235060600018 ER PT J AU Cherstniakova, SA Garcia, GE Strong, J Bi, DQ Weitz, J Roy, MJ Cantilena, LR AF Cherstniakova, SA Garcia, GE Strong, J Bi, DQ Weitz, J Roy, MJ Cantilena, LR TI Rapid determination of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide and permethrin in human plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and pyridostigmine bromide by high-performance liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INSECT REPELLENT N,N-DIETHYL-M-TOLUAMIDE; ALTER LOCOMOTOR BEHAVIOR; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; RAT PLASMA; HUMAN URINE; DEET; METABOLITES; TOXICITY; PHARMACOKINETICS; NEUROTOXICITY C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Clin Pharmacol & Med Toxicol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. US FDA, Lab Clin Pharmacol, Ctr Drug Evaluat, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Cantilena, LR (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Clin Pharmacol & Med Toxicol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM lcantilena@usuhs.mil NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 30 IS 1 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 007FQ UT WOS:000234954400004 PM 16620527 ER PT J AU Potrepka, DM Hirsch, S Cole, MW Nothwang, WD Zhong, S Alpay, SP AF Potrepka, DM Hirsch, S Cole, MW Nothwang, WD Zhong, S Alpay, SP TI Effect of strain on tunability in Ba0.60Sr0.40TiO3 thin films on Pt-Si substrates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRONTIUM-TITANATE FILMS; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; DEVICE APPLICATIONS; MICROWAVE DEVICES; TEMPERATURE; INTEGRATION; STRESSES; LAYER AB Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 films with a thickness of 200 nm were deposited on Pt-Si substrates at 400 and 700 degrees C. Room-temperature tunability was measured and found to improve with deposition temperature, but losses also increased. The dielectric constant, tunability, and loss tangent are found to be 350, 52%, and 0.07 at 300 kV/cm for the 700 degrees C deposition. The film grown at 700 degrees C has a larger grain size, leading to approximately 5% higher tunability compared to the film deposited at 400 degrees C. Supporting theoretical calculations were carried out using a modified Landau-Devonshire thermodynamic formalism that takes into account the internal stresses that arise from the differences of coefficients of thermal expansion between the film and the substrate. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USA, Res Lab, Act Mat Res Grp, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Potrepka, DM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM dpotrepka@arl.army.mil RI Alpay, Pamir/E-2666-2013; OI Potrepka, Daniel/0000-0002-0528-1038 NR 33 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1 AR 014108 DI 10.1063/1.2159557 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 002JH UT WOS:000234607200053 ER PT J AU Nindl, BC Rarick, KR Castellani, JW Tuckow, AP Patton, JF Young, AJ Montain, SJ AF Nindl, BC Rarick, KR Castellani, JW Tuckow, AP Patton, JF Young, AJ Montain, SJ TI Altered secretion of growth hormone and luteinizing hormone after 84 h of sustained physical exertion superimposed on caloric and sleep restriction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hormone pulsatility; insulin-like growth factor-I; soldiers; leptin; testosterone ID HEALTHY-MEN; LEPTIN; RESPONSES; ENERGY; GH; DECONVOLUTION; PULSATILITY; PERFORMANCE; ADAPTATION; STARVATION AB The pulsatile release of growth hormone (GH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland is integral for signaling secretion of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and testosterone, respectively. This study examined the hypothesis that 84 h of sustained physical exertion with caloric and sleep restriction alters the secretion of GH and LH. Ten male soldiers [22 yr (SD 3), 183 cm (SD 7), 87 kg (SD 8)] had blood drawn overnight from 1800 to 0600 every 20 min for GH, LH, and leptin and every 2 h for IGF-I ( total and free), IGF binding proteins-1 and - 3, testosterone (total and free), glucose, and free fatty acids during a control week and after 84 h of military operational stress. Time-series cluster and deconvolution analyses assessed the secretion parameters of GH and LH. Significant results (P <= 0.05) were as follows: body mass (-3%), fat-free mass (-2.3%), and fat mass (-7.3%) declined after military operational stress. GH and LH secretion burst amplitude (similar to 50%) and overnight pulsatile secretion (similar to 50%), IGF binding protein-1 (+67%), and free fatty acids (+33%) increased, whereas leptin (-47%), total (-27%) and free IGF-I (-32%), total (-24%) and free testosterone (-30%), and IGF binding protein-3 (-6%) decreased. GH and LH pulse number were unaffected. Because GH and LH positively regulate IGF-I and testosterone, these data imply that the physiological strain induced a certain degree of peripheral resistance. During periods of energy deficiency, amplitude modulation of GH and LH pulses may precede alterations in pulse numbers. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Nindl, BC (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM bradley.nindl@us.army.mil NR 36 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 100 IS 1 BP 120 EP 128 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.01415.2005 PG 9 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 993SC UT WOS:000233974200021 PM 16141374 ER PT J AU Pedlow, CL Dibble, ED Getsinger, KD AF Pedlow, CL Dibble, ED Getsinger, KD TI Littoral habitat heterogeneity and shifts in plant composition relative to a fall whole-lake fluridone application in Perch Lake, Michigan SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Sonar AS; invasive species; aquatic plant control; Myriophyllum spicatum ID EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL; LARGEMOUTH BASS; MYRIOPHYLLUM-SPICATUM; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SPECIES COMPOSITION; AQUATIC VEGETATION; NATIVE VEGETATION; SELECTIVE CONTROL; FISH AB Dense stands of Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) can alter aquatic habitat by decreasing structural heterogeneity in littoral zones critical to fish habitat. Evidence suggests that the herbicide fluridone (1-methyl-3-phenyl-5[3(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-4(1H)-pyridinone) can be used to selectively target monotypic stands of invasive aquatic plants, while leaving native plant species and the habitat heterogeneity intact. We evaluate efficacy of a fall, low-dose treatment of fluridone on a Eurasian watermilfoil-infested Michigan Lake to enhance multi-species growth and habitat heterogeneity. In October 2000, approximately three liters of Sonar (R) AS (fluridone) were injected subsurface, covering the entire 15-ha lake to provide a whole-lake target application rate of 8 mu g/L. A second application was applied 40 days after initial treatment to boost the rate back to the original target level. Habitat heterogeneity was defined as biomass, stem density, relative abundance, diversity and species richness. Pre- and post-treatment measurements (N = 3) were made at 24 sites in the lake littoral zone. Total plant biomass decreased after treatment, due to the removal of Eurasian watermilfoil. Shifts in the plant community resulted in increased native plant abundance and stem density for two years following initial herbicide treatments suggesting enhancement in habitat heterogeneity within the littoral zone potentially important to the fishery. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Pedlow, CL (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, POB 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI VICKSBURG PA PO BOX 821265, VICKSBURG, MS 39182 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 44 BP 26 EP 31 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 037UO UT WOS:000237173000004 ER PT J AU Netherland, MD Haller, WT AF Netherland, MD Haller, WT TI Impact of management on the sprouting of dioecious Hydrilla tubers SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Hydrilla verticillata; subterranean turion; aquatic; propagules; aquatic plant management; aquatic herbicides ID VERTICILLATA; TURIONS; FLORIDA; TEMPERATURE; PROPAGULES AB The dioecious biotype of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle) was established twice in mesocosm tanks (900 L) during September 1996 and 1997 in Gainesville, Florida. Hydrilla shoots were planted in 10-cm diameter PVC cores with a hydrosoil depth of 30 cm to allow for biomass establishment and tuber formation during the fall, winter, and spring. In late May 1997 and 1998, the dense hydrilla canopies were controlled by using the aquatic herbicide endothall (7-oxabicyclo [2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid), by mechanically clipping the canopy just above the hydrosoil or by using endothall to remove biomass followed by replacement with healthy non-rooted hydrilla shoots to simulate the presence of a plant canopy. The sprouting of quiescent in situ tubers was then recorded at 4, 8, 12, and 20 weeks following treatment. Light availability at the sediment surface and sediment temperatures increased following canopy removal, whereas these values were similar for the control and artificial canopy treatments. Total tuber sprouting remained below 20%, and was not impacted over the 20-week study period by any of the treatments when compared to the controls. Results of these mesocosm trials suggest that chemical or mechanical management efforts have no discernible impact on the short-term sprouting of hydrilla tubers in situ. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Ctr Aquat & Invas Plants, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Aquat & Invas Plants, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Netherland, MD (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Ctr Aquat & Invas Plants, 7922 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 44 BP 32 EP 36 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 037UO UT WOS:000237173000005 ER PT J AU Glomski, LAM Poovey, AG Getsinger, KD AF Glomski, LAM Poovey, AG Getsinger, KD TI Effect of carfentrazone-ethyl on three aquatic macrophytes SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS; HERBICIDE; FATE C1 Analyt Serv Inc, USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75057 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Glomski, LAM (reprint author), Analyt Serv Inc, USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, 201 E Jones St, Lewisville, TX 75057 USA. EM glomskl@wes.army.mil NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 44 BP 67 EP 69 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 037UO UT WOS:000237173000010 ER PT J AU Frank, TD Tweddale, SA AF Frank, T. D. Tweddale, S. A. TI The effect of spatial resolution on measurement of vegetation cover in three Mojave Desert shrub communities SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Mojave Desert; remote sensing; landscape disturbance; vegetation cover ID IMAGES; PATTERNS AB Moderate resolution remotely sensed imagery (20-30 m) has lacked sufficient spatial resolution to accurately measure total vegetative cover in and environments because the density of plant cover is generally too low to significantly influence spectral reflectance. New and emerging imagery is now available at significantly higher spatial resolutions, resulting in pixel sizes equal to or smaller than many dominant desert shrubs. This had led to an opposing problem, where desert shrubs now exhibit multi-modal probability functions associated with the individual elements of the plant, such as foliage, woody stems and branches, and shadows within and around shrub canopies. High resolution imagery was collected at three spatial resolutions for study sites in the south-central Mojave Desert of California to (1) determine the effect of spatial resolution on the detection of four common species of shrubs (Chilopsis linearis, Psorothamnusspinosus, Larrea tridentata. and Ambrosia dumosa), (2) assess the affect of increasing pixel size on the accuracy of area estimates of shrub cover, and (3) assess the accuracy of vegetation cover measurements when compared to vegetation cover measured in the field. Spatial resolution greater than 1.0 m was not capable of discerning a large percentage of the shrubs in this region of the Mojave Desert. Yet, high correlation (r(2) = 0.71-0.93) was found between field measurements of percent cover and those derived from imagery at spatial resolutions ranging from 0.6 to 1.0 m. The results indicated that a spatial resolution of 1.0 m or smaller was necessary to estimate percent cover and the area of individual shrubs from high-resolution imagery. Spatial resolution is dependent on the abundance and size of species of desert shrubs within plant communities, however 1.0 m resolution was found to be adequate for this region of the Mojave Desert. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Geog, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Frank, TD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Geog, 220 Davenport Hall,607 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM tdfrank@uiuc.edu NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PY 2006 VL 67 SU S BP 88 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.020 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 123WY UT WOS:000243328700006 ER PT J AU Callahan, CW Chan, DS Moreno, C Mulreany, L AF Callahan, CW Chan, DS Moreno, C Mulreany, L TI Increased diagnosis of asthma in hospitalized infants: The next target population for care management? SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE asthma; infancy; hospitalization ID PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW; LUNG-FUNCTION; CHILDREN; PROGRAM; RISK AB Hospitalization of children with asthma declined at our institution between 1996 and 2000, before stabilizing for the past 5 years. The ages of children hospitalized since 2000 were examined to see if the demographics of the hospitalized population have changed to better understand why the hospitalization rate has remained the same despite continued, aggressive screening and education efforts. Data were gathered for our hospital through the Department of Defense Medical Health System Management Analysis and Reporting System (M2). The mean age (+/- SD) of children hospitalized in 2003 (2.84 +/- 2.53) was less than the mean age for 2000 and 2002 (4.85 +/- 3.7 and 4.61 +/- 4.45), respectively (p < 0.05), and more infants less than 2 years of age were hospitalized in 2003 (33/60, 55% p < 0.01) and 2004 (32/68, 47% p < 0.05) than in 2000 (19/70, 27%). The diagnosis of asthma in hospitalized infants and young children has increased over the past 5 years, suggesting better recognition and providing a new target population for intervention with early asthma controller therapy. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat & Pediat Pulm, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Callahan, CW (reprint author), Dept Pediat, MCHK-PE,1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM charles.callahan@us.army.mil NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 45 EP 47 DI 10.1080/02770900500447078 PG 3 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 008OQ UT WOS:000235050700008 PM 16448965 ER PT J AU Czerwinski, SE Skvorak, JP Maxwell, DM Lenz, DE Baskin, SI AF Czerwinski, Steven E. Skvorak, John P. Maxwell, Donald M. Lenz, David E. Baskin, Steven I. TI Effect of octanol : water partition coefficients of organophosphorus compounds on biodistribution and percutaneous toxicity SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fluorophosphonate fragment; organophosphates; organophosphorus compounds; partition coefficient; percutaneous penetration ID ABSORPTION; STAGEWISE AB Knowledge of partition coefficient (log P) data can play a critical role in understanding the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodistributive properties of toxic organophosphorus (OP) compounds. Using a recently published gas chromatographic method, the octanol:water log P values for the compounds tabun (GA), sarin (GB), cyclosarin (GF), and O-ethyl-S(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothiolate (VX) were determined to be 0.384 +/- 0.033, 0.299 +/- 0.016, 1.038 +/- 0.055, and 0.675 +/- 0.070, respectively. Based on these data, the log P value of the fluorophosphonate fragment, common to GB, soman (GD), and GF, was determined to be -2.256 +/- 0.273. The predictive value for absorption and distribution of the determined log P values was compared to measured values. The time to onset of local fasciculations (47.3, 29.0, 8.8, 8.5, and 6.3 min, respectively) in guinea pigs exposed percutaneously to equilethal doses of GA, VX, GF, GB, or GD was used as an indicator of dermal penetration. There was a good correlation (r = 0.95) between the measured log P value and the rate of onset of local fasciculations. Assuming a direct correspondence, equilibrium tissue:blood log P may be estimated from octanol:water log P. Comparison of the estimated and directly measured tissue:blood log P revealed a correlation of 0.8 for GD in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Our results demonstrate the use of log P data to both predict absorption and determine the distribution of OP compounds in tissues. This facilitates further estimates of in vivo OP effects from in vitro experiments. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Lab Sci Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Analyt Toxicol Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Czerwinski, SE (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Lab Sci Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM steven.czerwinski@us.army.mil OI Czerwinski, Steven/0000-0002-1293-4957 NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1095-6670 J9 J BIOCHEM MOL TOXIC JI J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP 241 EP 246 DI 10.1002/jbt.20140 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 094PP UT WOS:000241251800004 PM 17009245 ER PT J AU Vigersky, RA Filmore-Nassar, A Glass, AR AF Vigersky, RA Filmore-Nassar, A Glass, AR TI Thyrotropin suppression by metformin SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID TESTOSTERONE; SERUM AB Context: Drug-drug interactions are common but often are discovered only long after initial drug release. Metformin has been available in the United States for 9 yr and elsewhere for many years, but as of yet there are no reports that the drug modifies thyroid hormone economy. Objective: The objective of the study was to describe the clinical and biochemical findings of four patients with chronic hypothyroidism, previously euthyroid on fixed doses of L-T(4) for several years, in whom the metformin was initiated. Design: This was a retrospective review. Setting: The study was conducted at a tertiary care military hospital providing care to active-duty soldiers, sailors, and marines, retirees of the armed forces, and their eligible dependents. Participants: Four patients with chronic hypothyroidism who were placed on metformin participated in the study. Intervention, Main Outcome Measure: Serum TSH, free T(4), and free T(3) levels were measured during metformin treatment. Results: Initiation of treatment with metformin ( three for diabetes mellitus and one for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) caused suppression of TSH to subnormal levels without clinical symptoms of hyperthyroidism in any patients. There was no change in free T(4) or free T(3) in patient 1. Conclusions: No other potential causes of TSH suppression, including medication changes or interference in the TSH assay, could be identified. The mechanism of the fall in serum TSH in these four patients is unclear at this time. Should these findings be confirmed in larger prospective studies, metformin's ability to suppress TSH without causing clinical or chemical hyperthyroidism might render this drug a useful adjunct to the treatment of patients with thyroid cancer. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Endocrinol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Vigersky, RA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Endocrinol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM robert.vigersky@na.amedd.army.mil NR 12 TC 67 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 91 IS 1 BP 225 EP 227 DI 10.1210/jc.2005-1210 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 000VN UT WOS:000234490600038 PM 16219720 ER PT J AU Harrison, SA AF Harrison, SA TI Liver disease in patients with diabetes mellitus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Review DE diabetes; hepatitis C; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; cirrhosis; hepatocellular carcinoma ID CHRONIC HEPATITIS-C; HUMAN HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS; VIRUS-INFECTION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; HIGH PREVALENCE; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; RISK-FACTORS; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; FIBROSIS PROGRESSION AB Diabetes mellitus is a growing health concern in our society. In addition to the well-known cardiovascular, renal, and ophthalmologic complications of diabetes, liver-related complications occur commonly and are often underrecognized. The ensuing article will review the relationship between diabetes mellitus and two common liver diseases: chronic hepatitis C and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The association with diabetes and cirrhosis, acute liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma, and outcomes following orthotopic liver transplantation will also be discussed. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Hepatol, Houston, TX USA. RP Harrison, SA (reprint author), 1506 Palmer View, San Antonio, TX USA. EM stephen.harrison@cen.amedd.army.mil NR 156 TC 77 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0192-0790 J9 J CLIN GASTROENTEROL JI J. Clin. Gastroenterol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 1 BP 68 EP 76 DI 10.1097/01.mcg.0000190774.91875.d2 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 995GP UT WOS:000234089100013 PM 16340637 ER PT J AU Bell, CA Eberly, AP Takata, G Combs, RK Deweese, NE Whelen, AC AF Bell, CA Eberly, AP Takata, G Combs, RK Deweese, NE Whelen, AC TI Specimens from a vesicular lesion caused by molluscum contagiosum virus produced a cytopathic effect in cell culture that mimicked that produced by herpes simplex virus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS AB Infection with molluscum contagiosum virus, a poxvirus, normally has a typical clinical presentation; therefore, laboratory confirmation is infrequently sought and the virus is rarely isolated in culture. As reported herein, viral culture of specimens from atypical lesions may produce an abortive infection in limited cell lines and a cytopathic effect suggestive of herpes simplex virus. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Area Lab Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. USA, Hlth Clin Schofield Barracks, Schofield Barraks, HI USA. RP Bell, CA (reprint author), USA, Dent & Trauma Res Detachment, 310B B St,Bldg 1H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM constance.bell@us.army.mil NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 1 BP 283 EP 286 DI 10.1128/JCM.44.1.283-286.2006 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 008NT UT WOS:000235048400051 PM 16390992 ER PT J AU George, B Mattison, R AF George, Benjamin Mattison, Ryan TI From the Eyes of the Beholder-Trainees' Perspective on the ACGME Work-Hour Limits SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SLEEP MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [George, Benjamin] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Mattison, Ryan] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP George, B (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 1550-9389 EI 1550-9397 J9 J CLIN SLEEP MED JI J. Clin. Sleep Med. PY 2006 VL 2 IS 1 BP 12 EP 13 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA V44VD UT WOS:000209775600002 PM 17557429 ER PT J AU Rotenberg, JS Cannard, K DiFazio, M AF Rotenberg, Joshua S. Cannard, Kevin DiFazio, Marc TI Successful Treatment of Recalcitrant Restless Legs Syndrome With Botulinum Toxin Type-A SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SLEEP MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Restless legs syndrome; botulinum toxins; movement disorders; pain; chemodenervation AB Study Objective: We report the effective use of injected BTX-A to treat refractory restless legs syndrome (RLS). Methods: This is an observational case series of 3 patients meeting the essential diagnostic criteria for RLS whose symptoms were refractory to or who refused oral medication. Areas of maximal discomfort were injected as described below. Results: Patient #1, a 58-year-old man with refractory RLS, received injections in both legs. The effect persisted for 12 weeks after injections. He temporarily stopped taking gabapentin. He experienced a mild increase in a timed run. Patient #2, a 38-year-old man with refractory RLS, received BTX-A injections in both legs and his lumbar paraspinal muscles. Three days after injection, he reported great improvement. Within 1 month, his Epworth Sleepiness Scale score had decreased from 19 to 5. He stopped oral therapy during the peak therapeutic period. There were no untoward effects. Patient #3, a 38-year-old woman had a prolonged sleep latency due to RLS. BTX-A was administered in the legs. In 2 days, her discomfort and her subjective sleep latency improved. Both the urge to move and nocturnal restlessness resolved for 10 weeks. There were no untoward effects in all patients, and the response was repeated in successive injection cycles. Conclusions: Intramuscular BTX-A alleviated symptoms, reduced medication use, and/or reduced daytime sleepiness with minimal, if any, untoward effects. BTX-A should be further investigated in controlled studies as a treatment of RLS. C1 [Rotenberg, Joshua S.] USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Cannard, Kevin] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [DiFazio, Marc] Capital Neurol, Olney, MD USA. RP Rotenberg, JS (reprint author), Neurol & Sleep Specialists, 525 Oak Ctr,Suite 400, San Antonio, TX 78258 USA. FU Alleyum, Inc. FX This was not an industry supported study. Dr. DiFazio has participated in speaking engagements supported by Alleyum, Inc. Drs. Rotenberg and Cannard have indicated no financial conflicts of interest. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 1550-9389 EI 1550-9397 J9 J CLIN SLEEP MED JI J. Clin. Sleep Med. PY 2006 VL 2 IS 3 BP 275 EP 278 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA V44VF UT WOS:000209775800003 PM 17561538 ER PT J AU O'Connor, SD Summers, RM Choi, JR Pickhardt, PJ AF O'Connor, SD Summers, RM Choi, JR Pickhardt, PJ TI Oral contrast adherence to polyps on CT colonography SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE CT colonography; polyps; oral contrast; virtual colonoscopy ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY COLONOGRAPHY; HIGH-GRADE DYSPLASIA; COLORECTAL ADENOMAS; PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTICS; CONVENTIONAL COLONOSCOPY; VIRTUAL COLONOSCOPY; INVASIVE-CARCINOMA; CANCER; PATIENT; NEOPLASIA AB Although oral contrast agents are known to improve the accuracy of CT colonography (CTC) by tagging fluid and stool, it is not well recognized that oral contrast also adheres to the surface of polyps. The authors' objective was to quantitate the frequency of contrast adhering to polyps. Three hundred thirty-eight optical colonoscopy-proven polyps were identified on CTC of all of the 216 patients with polyps in a larger cohort of screening patients. CT scans of polyps were analyzed for adherent contrast (ie, a thin coat/adherent drops) in at least one view (prone/supine). Forty-six percent of the 312 polyps not touching a contrast pool had adherent contrast. Polyps with villous histology were significantly more likely to have adherent contrast (77% [20/26] vs. 43% [124/286], P < 0.001). Oral contrast agents often tag polyp surfaces in a pattern that is distinct from internal tagging of adherent stool, which must be recognized during CTC interpretation. Polyps with villous histology show a higher rate of contrast adherence than nonvillous polyps. C1 NIH, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Summers, RM (reprint author), NIH, Dept Radiol, 10 Ctr Dr,Bldg 10,Rm 1C660,MSC 1182, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM rms@nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 33 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0363-8715 J9 J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO JI J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 30 IS 1 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1097/01.rct.0000191686.35968.f1 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 001KO UT WOS:000234532200009 PM 16365572 ER PT J AU Strifors, HC Gaunaurd, GC AF Strifors, HC Gaunaurd, GC TI Bistatic scattering by bare and coated perfectly conducting targets of simple shape SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB We study the scattering interaction of electromagnetic waves with a simple target. The target is a perfectly conducting sphere, either bare or coated with a thin dielectric layer. For the layer, two different hypothetical materials are specified: a nonmagnetic lossy dielectric and a dielectric that has also magnetic losses. These hypothetical layers are examples of narrow-band and broadband microwave absorbing coatings. For each target, the general, far-field Mie solution for the bistatic scattered field is computed at selected frequencies. In particular, the radar cross-section (RCS) is in each case generated with a direction resolution of one degree in both azimuthal and latitudinal directions. Using a logarithmic scale the manitude of the RCS is then presented as a three-dimensional surface. The backscattering and forward scattering characteristics can be conveniently studied from the presented results, and the effect of the two different coatings on the bistatic RCS can be best appreciated. C1 Swedish Def REs Agcy FOI, SE-58111 Linkoping, Sweden. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Strifors, HC (reprint author), Swedish Def REs Agcy FOI, POB 1165, SE-58111 Linkoping, Sweden. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU VSP BV PI LEIDEN PA BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5071 J9 J ELECTROMAGNET WAVE JI J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. PY 2006 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1037 EP 1050 DI 10.1163/156939306776930295 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 048WJ UT WOS:000237976900004 ER PT J AU Adams, BD Buckley, NH Kim, JY Tipps, LB AF Adams, BD Buckley, NH Kim, JY Tipps, LB TI Fosphenytoin may cause hemodynamically unstable bradydysrhythmias SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE fosphenytoin; bradycardia; cardiac arrest; toxicity; status epilepticus ID INTRAVENOUS PHENYTOIN; T-WAVE; PRODRUG; PHARMACOKINETICS; HYPOCALCEMIA; PHOSPHATE; PATIENT; ARREST; SAFETY AB The prodrug fosphenytoin (FOS) was recently introduced as an alternative to phenytoin (PTN) and has since become a first fine therapy for status epilepticus. Unlike PTN, FOS generally has been considered to be safe from cardiac toxicity. To better characterize cardiac toxicity associated with FOS administration, we performed a review of the Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System databank for reports of possible FOS toxicity from 1997-2002. There were 29 applicable reports of adverse cardiac events likely related to FOS infusion, including 10 cardiac deaths. Among survivors, there were four cases of high-grade atrioventricular block, and five cases of transient sinus arrest. Our data suggest that FOS may produce more cardiac toxicity than previously thought. Clinicians should consider administering intravenous FOS in a monitored setting for selected high-risk patients. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Emergency Med, Augusta, GA USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Hosp, Augusta, GA USA. RP Adams, BD (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 30 IS 1 BP 75 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2005.01.034 PG 5 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 009VP UT WOS:000235141800013 PM 16434340 ER PT J AU Walsh, MR Zufelt, JE Collins, CM AF Walsh, Michael R. Zufelt, Jon E. Collins, Charles M. TI Remediation of white phosphorus contamination in an Alaskan wetland SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering CY MAY 16-19, 2004 CL Edmonton, CANADA DE white phosphorus; remediation; dabbling ducks; cold; ice; glacial silt; contamination; impact range; pumping; unexploded ordnance ID SALT-MARSH; DUCKS; P-4 AB Eagle River Flats, an estuarine salt marsh located on Fort Richardson near Anchorage, Alaska, has been utilized as a military impact area for almost 60 years and is contaminated with white phosphorus, a highly toxic element used as an obscurant. When munitions containing white phosphorus were fired into the cool, wet glacial sediments of the Flats, particles of the disbursed chemical became extinguished. Dabbling ducks and swans sieve these seed-size particles from the bottoms of ponds throughout the range. The persistence of the particles in the saturated sediments has resulted in thousands of waterfowl deaths that continue 15 years after the cessation of the munition's use. A remediation method was devised to attenuate the contaminant that will be effective in the short, cool summer season while minimally impacting the environment. Although the cold climate limits the efficiency of the remediation, we were also able to use it to our advantage. C1 USA CRREL, US Army Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USA CRREL, Ft Richardson, AK 99506 USA. USA CRREL, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. RP Walsh, MR (reprint author), USA CRREL, US Army Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Michael.Walsh@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1496-2551 J9 J ENVIRON ENG SCI JI J. Environ. Eng. Sci. PY 2006 VL 5 SU 1 BP S87 EP S93 DI 10.1139/S05-029 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 122ZJ UT WOS:000243265800009 ER PT J AU Kennedy, AJ Millward, RN Steevens, JA Lynn, JW Perry, KD AF Kennedy, Alan J. Millward, Rod N. Steevens, Jeffery A. Lynn, John W. Perry, Karen D. TI Relative sensitivity of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) life-stages to two copper sources SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE larval sensitivity; zebra mussel; chemical control; copper; Cutrine ID CANDIDATE MOLLUSCICIDES; TOXICITY; FERTILIZATION; SURFACTANT; SEROTONIN; SPERM AB While chemical control of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) has proven effective in closed systems, the high dosages required for adult eradication restricts the use of chemical-based strategies infield management plans. One option is to identify the most chemical-sensitive life stage and tailor management techniques to control that life stage. This would optimize target efficacy while minimizing chemical release into the environment, risk to non-target species, and cost of chemical required. In this study, the relative sensitivity of D. polymorpha life stages was investigated from free gametes to 72-h old trochophores and adults, using cupric sulfate (CuSO4) and the algaecide, Cutrine (R)-Ultra. In both forms of copper exposure, early life stages were orders of magnitude more sensitive than adults. For example, the highest 24-h LC50 value for the early life stages to Cutrine (R)-Ultra was 13 mu g Cu/L, while the adult 48-h LC50 value was 1,214 mu g Cu/L. Moreover, adults were highly resistant to short-term (24 h) exposures of Cutrine (R)-Ultra, even at much higher concentrations (4,630 mu g Cu/L), while 24-h old D. polymorpha larvae showed 99% mortality after only 52 minutes of exposure to 331 mu g Cu/L as Cutrine (R)-Ultra, a concentration well within the permitted label application. There were only marginal differences in sensitivity to CuSO4 and Cutrine (R)-Ultra for larvae tested after fertilization; it is possible that Cutrine (R)-Ultra is more toxic than CuSO4 at fertilization. Chemical management strategies targeting early larval stages of D. polymorpha are likely more cost-efficient and less prone to non-target environmental impact than strategies aimed at adults. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Weston Solut Inc, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Kennedy, AJ (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Alan.J.Kennedy@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 37 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2006 VL 32 IS 3 BP 596 EP 606 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[596:RSOZMD]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 095HP UT WOS:000241299100016 ER PT J AU Bowen, BW Muss, A Rocha, LA Grant, WS AF Bowen, BW Muss, A Rocha, LA Grant, WS TI Shallow mtDNA coalescence in atlantic pygmy angelfishes (Genus Centropyge) indicates a recent invasion from the Indian Ocean SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID INDO-WEST PACIFIC; CORAL-REEF FISH; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION-GROWTH; SPECIES COMPLEX; AGULHAS CURRENT; CONTROL-REGION; COLOR MORPHS; BUTTERFLYFISHES CHAETODONTIDAE; GLOBAL PHYLOGEOGRAPHY AB Pygmy angelfishes ( genus Centropyge) are widespread and species-rich in the Indo-Pacific, but only three species are recognized in the Atlantic: Centropyge resplendens on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Centropyge argi in the Caribbean, and Centropyge aurantonotus in Brazil and the southern Caribbean. Atlantic species are distinguished only by color patterns and are very similar to Centropyge acanthops (Cac) in the western Indian Ocean, raising the possibility that pygmy angelfish recently invaded the Atlantic Ocean via southern Africa. To test this zoogeographic hypothesis, we compared a 454-bp segment of the mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA) control region among pygmy angelfishes of the subgenus Xiphypops, which includes the three Atlantic species, the Indian Ocean species, and an Indo-Pacific species [ Centropyge fisheri (Cfi)]. The Indian Ocean species Cac is closest to the Atlantic species (d = 0.059) relative to Cfi (d = 0.077). The mtDNA genealogy indicates a colonization pathway from the Indian Ocean directly to the West Atlantic, followed by at least two waves of dispersal to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The gene tree for the three Atlantic species is polyphyletic, raising questions about taxonomic assignments based on color pattern. Mismatch distributions place Atlantic founder events and population expansions at about 250,000-500,000 years ago. Estimates of effective female population sizes from mismatch and coalescence analyses are consistent with founder events by tens of individuals in the western Atlantic, followed by expansions to several million individuals. C1 Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Bowen, BW (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM bbowen@hawaii.edu RI Rocha, Luiz/C-5107-2011 NR 96 TC 102 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 EI 1465-7333 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 97 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1093/jhered/esj006 PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 011RH UT WOS:000235285300001 PM 16394255 ER PT J AU Duan, JG Chen, L Scott, S AF Duan, Jennifer G. Chen, Li Scott, Steve TI Application of surface-based bed load transport equations to a desert gravel-bed stream SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sediment transport; bed load; fractional transport rate; gravel-bed river; desert; urban stream ID BEDLOAD; RIVERS; SEDIMENT AB Bed load measurements during low flow in a desert gravel-bed stream, Las Vegas Wash, were used to evaluate fractional bed load transport equations. Since the stream is an urban perennial channel that conveys primarily treated waste effluent, bed load transport is limited by the supply of transportable bed material. The Parker, Wilcock and Crowe, and Wu et al. surface-based fractional bed load transport equations were evaluated against the field data. The ratio between the calculated and measured bed load transport rate (C/O) as well as the data correlation coefficient with respect to each formula were calculated to judge the applicability of these equations to this field data set. Comparisons showed that both the Parker and Wu et al. equations satisfactorily predicted the transport rate, while the Wilcock and Crowe equation has a larger scatter. The apparent success of Parker and Wu et al. equations can be attributed to two factors: a hiding function based on physical mechanism of the particle hiding and exposure, and the empirical coefficients calibrated using field data sources. The study results indicate that these two fractional bed load transport equations derived for perennial streams in wet regions are applicable to the field data collected at this and region channel. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ & Community Coll Syst Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Duan, JG (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM gduan@email.arizona.ed; lchen@dri.edu; steve.h.scott@erdc.usace.army.mil RI Chen, Li/E-3771-2013 OI Chen, Li/0000-0001-9131-1688 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 9 PU INT ASSN HYDRAULIC RESEARCH PI MADRID PA PASEO BAJO VIRGEN DEL PUERTO, 3, 28005 MADRID, SPAIN SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 2006 VL 44 IS 5 BP 624 EP 630 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 105AH UT WOS:000242001200009 ER PT J AU Brustoski, K Moller, UM Kramer, M Hartgers, FC Kremsner, PG Krzych, U Luty, AJF AF Brustoski, K Moller, UM Kramer, M Hartgers, FC Kremsner, PG Krzych, U Luty, AJF TI Reduced cord blood immune effector-cell responsiveness mediated by CD4+ cells induced in utero as a consequence of placental Plasmodium falciparum infection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID REGULATORY T-CELLS; HUMAN DENDRITIC CELLS; GAMMA-INTERFERON; LEISHMANIA-MAJOR; EXPRESS FOXP3; CUTTING EDGE; B-CELLS; MALARIA; RESPONSES; INDUCTION AB To determine mechanisms of neonatal parasite antigen (Ag)-specific immune suppression associated with placental Plasmodium falciparum infection, we isolated cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) from Gabonese neonates born to mothers with differing histories of P. falciparum infection and performed ex vivo and in vitro studies to evaluate immune regulatory activity. We found increased ex vivo percentages of CD4(+)CD25(hi) and CD4(+)CD25(+)CTLA-4(+) cells and increased interleukin (IL)-10 responses to parasite Ag in vitro in CBMCs from neonates born to mothers with placental P. falciparum infection at delivery. Depleting CBMCs of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells before cell culture led to the abrogation of parasite Ag -specific IL-10 responses, to enhanced interferon-g responses, and to enhanced expression of CD25 on CD8(+) T cells and of major histocompatibility complex class I and II on monocytes. These data demonstrate that parasite Ag-specific CD4(+) regulatory cells are generated in utero as a consequence of placental P. falciparum infection. C1 Univ Tubingen, Inst Trop Med, Dept Parasitol, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. Albert Schweitzer Hosp, Med Res Unit, Lambarene, Gabon. Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Parasitol, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Luty, AJF (reprint author), Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr St Radboud, Dept Med Microbiol, POB 9101, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM a.luty@mmb.umcn.nl NR 39 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 193 IS 1 BP 146 EP 154 DI 10.1086/498578 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 996OF UT WOS:000234182800021 PM 16323143 ER PT J AU Wilkie, WK Inman, DJ Lloyd, JM High, JW AF Wilkie, WK Inman, DJ Lloyd, JM High, JW TI Anisotropic laminar piezocomposite actuator incorporating machined PMN-PT single-crystal fibers SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE macro fiber composite; single-crystal piezoelectrics; interdigitated electrodes AB The design, fabrication, and testing of a flexible, laminar, anisotropic piezoelectric composite actuator utilizing machined PMN-32%PT single-crystal fibers is presented. The device consists of a layer of rectangular single-crystal piezoelectric fibers in an epoxy matrix, packaged between interdigitated electrode polyimide films. Quasistatic free-strain measurements of the single-crystal device are compared with measurements from geometrically identical specimens incorporating polycrystalline PZT-5A and PZT-5H piezoceramic fibers. Free-strain actuation of the single-crystal actuator at low bipolar electric fields (+/- 250 V/mm) is approximate to 400% greater than that of the baseline PZT-5A piezoceramic device, and 200% greater than that of the PZT-5H device. Free-strain actuation under high unipolar electric fields (0-4 kV/mm) is approximate to 200% of the PZT-5A baseline device, and 150% of the PZT-5H alternate piezoceramic device. Performance increases at low field are qualitatively consistent with predicted increases based on scaling the low-field d(33) piezoelectric constants of the respective piezoelectric materials. High-field increases are much less than scaled d(33) estimates, but appear consistent with high-field free-strain measurements reported for similar bulk single-crystal and piezoceramic compositions. Measurements of single-crystal actuator capacitance and coupling coefficient are also provided. These properties were poorly predicted using scaled bulk material dielectric and coupling coefficient data. Rule-of-mixture calculations of the effective elastic properties of the single-crystal device and estimated actuation work energy densities are also presented. Results indicate longitudinal stiffnesses significantly lower (50% less) than either piezoceramic device. This suggests that single-crystal piezocomposite actuators will be best suited to low induced-stress, high strain, and deflection applications. C1 USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorare, NASA,Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Wilkie, WK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorare, NASA,Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM william.k.wilkie@nasa.gov NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 17 IS 1 BP 15 EP 28 DI 10.1177/1045389X06055891 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 005DQ UT WOS:000234803200002 ER PT J AU Alving, CR AF Alving, Carl R. TI Antibodies to lipids and liposomes: Immunology and safety SO JOURNAL OF LIPOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE antibodies to liposomes; antibodies to phospholipids; antibodies to cholesterol; antibodies to squalene; beta-2-glycoprotein 1; anti-phospholipid syndrome; natural antibodies; vaccines ID SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; ANTI-CHOLESTEROL ANTIBODIES; NORMAL HUMAN-SERA; ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES; CIRCULATING ANTICOAGULANTS; ANTICARDIOLIPIN ANTIBODIES; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INDUCTION; VACCINE AB Naturally occurring antibodies to phospholipids and cholesterol are widespread; they occur commonly during the course of acute infections; they are not causally related to the anti-phospholipid syndrome; they have been associated with other clinical entities only as an epiphenomenon; and they have not been implicated as causing any clinical syndrome or disease. There are theoretical and experimental reasons to believe that normal cells and tissues are protected from binding of antibodies to bilayer lipids by steric hindrance due to adjacent larger molecules, such as large or charged adjacent glycolipids or proteins on the cell surface. There are also reasons to believe that certain natural antibodies to lipids can even serve useful normal functions. Antibodies to liposomal lipids induced by liposomes containing lipid A appear to have characteristics that are similar or identical to naturally occurring antibodies to lipids, and it is therefore believed that such antibodies would not cause adverse clinical effects. Numerous Phase I and II human clinical trials of experimental vaccines containing liposomes and lipid A have shown a high level of safety. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Dept Vaccine Prod & Delivery, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Alving, CR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Dept Vaccine Prod & Delivery, Div Retrovirol, 1600 E Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM calving@hivresearch.org NR 62 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0898-2104 J9 J LIPOSOME RES JI J. Liposome Res. PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP 157 EP 166 DI 10.1080/08982100600848553 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 080GC UT WOS:000240234900002 PM 16952870 ER PT J AU Moghimi, SM Hamad, I Bunger, R Andresen, TL Jorgensen, K Hunter, AC Baranji, L Rosivall, L Szebeni, J AF Moghimi, S. Moein Hamad, Islam Bunger, Rolf Andresen, Thomas L. Jorgensen, Kent Hunter, A. Christy Baranji, Lajos Rosivall, Laszlo Szebeni, Janos TI Activation of the human complement system by cholesterol-rich and pegylated liposomes - Modulation of cholesterol-rich liposome-mediated complement activation by elevated serum LDL and HDL levels SO JOURNAL OF LIPOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hypersensitivity; complement activation-related pseudoallergy; haemodynamics; lipoproteins; SC5b-9; anaphylatoxins ID HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS; FLUOSOL-DA; AMPHOTERICIN; DOXORUBICIN; MECHANISM; DOXIL; BLOOD; MODEL AB Intravenously infused liposomes may induce cardiopulmonary distress in some human subjects, which is a manifestation of "complement activation-related pseudoallergy." We have now examined liposome-mediated complement activation in human sera with elevated lipoprotein (LDL and HDL) levels, since abnormal or racial differences in serum lipid profiles seem to modulate the extent of complement activation and associated adverse responses. In accordance with our earlier observations, cholesterol-rich (45 mol% cholesterol) liposomes activated human complement, as reflected by a significant rise in serum level of S-protein-bound form of the terminal complex (SC5b-9). However, liposome-induced rise of SC5b-9 was significantly suppressed when serum HDL cholesterol levels increased by 30%. Increase of serum LDL to levels similar to that observed in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia also suppressed liposome-mediated SC5b-9 generation considerably. While intravenous injection of cholesterol-rich liposomes into pigs was associated with an immediate circulatory collapse, the drop in systemic arterial pressure following injection of liposomes preincubated with human lipoproteins was slow and extended. Therefore, surface-associated lipoprotein particles (or apolipoproteins) seem to lessen liposome-induced adverse haemodynamic changes, possibly as a consequence of suppressed complement activation in vivo. PEGylated liposomes were also capable of activating the human complement system, and the presence of surface projected methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) chains did not interfere with generation of C3 opsonic fragments. We also show that poly(ethylene glycol) is not responsible for PEGylated liposome-mediated complement activation. The net anionic charge on the phosphate moiety of the phospholipid-mPEG conjugate seemed to play a critical role in activation of both the classical and alternative pathways of the complement system. C1 Univ Brighton, Sch Pharm, Brighton BN2 4GJ, E Sussex, England. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anat Physiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Tech Univ Denmark, LiPlasome Pharma AS, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Vaccine & Immunol Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. Semmelweis Univ, Hungarian Acad Sci, Nephrol Res Grp, Inst Pathophysiol, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Dept Vaccine Prod & Delivery, Rockville, MD USA. RP Moghimi, SM (reprint author), Univ Brighton, Sch Pharm, Brighton BN2 4GJ, E Sussex, England. EM s.m.moghimi@brighton.ac.uk RI Andresen, Thomas/B-5324-2012; Hunter, Alan/D-4573-2016 OI Hunter, Alan/0000-0003-1100-7761 NR 24 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0898-2104 J9 J LIPOSOME RES JI J. Liposome Res. PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1080/08982100600848801 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 080GC UT WOS:000240234900003 ER PT J AU Flynn, TW Childs, JD Fritz, JM AF Flynn, TW Childs, JD Fritz, JM TI The audible pop from high-velocity thrust manipulation and outcome in individuals with low back pain SO JOURNAL OF MANIPULATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Chiropractic Research CY JUN 16-18, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP World Federat Chiropract, Fdn Chiropract Educ & Res DE manipulation; spinal; low back pain; sacroiliac joint; audible pop; cavitation ID SPINAL MANIPULATION; CAVITATION; EXERCISES; THERAPY; JOINT; LUMBAR AB Objective: To determine the relationship between an audible pop with spinal manipulation and improvement in pain and function in patients with low back pain. Methods: In this pragmatic study, 70 patients from a multicenter clinical trial were randomly assigned to receive high-velocity thrust manipulation and included in this secondary analysis, Patients were managed in physical therapy twice the first week, then once a week for the next 3 weeks, for a total or 5 sessions. A single high-velocity thrust manipulative intervention purported to affect the lumbopelvic region was used during the first two sessions, Therapists recorded whether an audible pop was heard by the patient or therapist, Outcome was assessed with an 11-point pain rating scale, the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, and measurement of lumbopelvic flexion range of motion. Repeated measures analyses of variance were used to examine whether achievement of a pop resulted in improved outcome. Results: An audible pop was perceived in 59 (84%) of the patients. No differences were detected at baseline or at any follow-up period in the level of pain, the Oswestry score, or lumbopelvic range of motion based on whether a pop was achieved (P > .05). The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for achieving a successful outcome at each of the follow-up periods all approximated a value of 1, suggesting no improvement in the odds of successful outcome among patients in which an audible pop occurred. Conclusions: The results of this pragmatic study suggest that a perceived audible pop may not relate to improved outcomes from high-velocity thrust manipulation for patients with nonradicular low back pain at either in immediate or longer-term follow-up. C1 Regis Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, Denver, CO 80221 USA. USA, Baylor Univ, Program Phys Therapy, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Utah, Dept Phys Therapy, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Flynn, TW (reprint author), Regis Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, 3333 Regis Blvd,G-4, Denver, CO 80221 USA. EM tflynn@regis.edu NR 33 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0161-4754 J9 J MANIP PHYSIOL THER JI J. Manip. Physiol. Ther. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 40 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.jmpt.2005.11.005 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Rehabilitation GA 002IM UT WOS:000234605000006 PM 16396728 ER PT J AU Klun, JA Khrimian, A Debboun, M AF Klun, JA Khrimian, A Debboun, M TI Repellent and deterrent effects of SS220, Picaridin, and Deet suppress human blood feeding by Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Phlebotomus papatasi SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide; (1S, 2 ' S)-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide; 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperidine carboxylic acid 1-methylpropyl ester; malaria vector; yellowfever mosquito ID PERSONAL PROTECTION; PRESSURIZED SPRAYS; MOSQUITO DIPTERA; FIELD-EVALUATION; PERMETHRIN; EFFICACY; ACARI; IXODIDAE; JACKET; TICKS AB A series of behavioral tests with Aedes aegypti (L.), Anopheles stephensi Liston, mosquitoes, and the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli in the presence of Deet, SS220, and Picaridin topically applied to the skin of human volunteers showed that the insects were deterred from feeding on and repelled from surfaces emanating the compounds. When offered a 12- or 24-cm(2) area of skin, one-half treated with compound and one-half untreated, the insects fed almost exclusively on untreated skin. The sand flies and mosquitoes did not at any time physically contact chemically treated surfaces. When treated and untreated skin areas were covered with cloth, insects contacted, landed, and bit only through cloth covering untreated skin. These observations provided evidence that the compounds deterred feeding and repelled insects from treated surfaces primarily as a result of olfactory sensing. When cloth, one-half untreated and one-half treated with chemical, was placed over untreated skin, insects only touched and specifically bit through the untreated cloth. This showed that the activity of the chemicals does not involve a chemical X skin interaction. In the presence of any of the three chemicals, no matter how they were presented to the insects, overall population biting activity was reduced by about one-half relative to controls. This reduction showed a true repellent effect for the compounds. Results clearly showed that Deet, SS220, and Picaridin exert repellent and deterrent effects upon the behavior of mosquitoes and sand flies. Heretofore, the combined behavioral effects of these compounds upon mosquito and sand fly behavior were unknown. Moreover, protection afforded by Deet, SS220, and Picaridin against the feeding of these three disease vectors on humans is mechanistically a consequence of the two chemical effects. C1 USDA ARS, BA, PSI, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USA, Acad Hlth Sci, Med Zool Branch, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Klun, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, BA, PSI, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 19 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 34 EP 39 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)043[0034:RADEOS]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 003RW UT WOS:000234700300005 PM 16506445 ER PT J AU Hawkins, JM AF Hawkins, JM TI The costs of artillery: Eliminating harassment and interdiction fire during the Vietnam war SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Article AB In Vietnam during 1966 and 1967, the United States Army expended nearly half of its artillery ammunition in unobserved Harassment and Interdiction (H&I) strikes. By June 1970, the army had nearly eliminated H&I The reasons for this shift inform the ongoing debate over American strategy during the Vietnam War. Although both General William C. Westmoreland and his successor, General Creighton W. Abrams, emphasized that poorly applied firepower could cause collateral damage, neither leader viewed H&I as inherently counterproductive. Indeed, both leaders responded to budgetary pressures, rather than concern over civilian casualties, when reducing H&I. Neither reduced H&I fire as part of a radical shift in strategy. C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 1 BP 91 EP 122 DI 10.1353/jmh.2006.0068 PG 32 WC History SC History GA 000FX UT WOS:000234447400004 ER PT J AU Waddell, SR AF Waddell, SR TI The battle of the Bulge: Hitler's alternate scenarios. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Waddell, SR (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 1 BP 270 EP 271 DI 10.1353/jmh.2006.0055 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 000FX UT WOS:000234447400063 ER PT J AU Giangreco, DM AF Giangreco, DM TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Letter C1 USA Command & Gen, Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Giangreco, DM (reprint author), USA Command & Gen, Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 70 IS 1 BP 304 EP 306 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 000FX UT WOS:000234447400078 ER PT J AU Maxwell, DM Brecht, KM Chang, FCT Koplovitz, I Shih, TM Sweeney, RE AF Maxwell, D. M. Brecht, K. M. Chang, F-C. T. Koplovitz, I. Shih, T-M Sweeney, R. E. TI Toxicodynamic modeling of highly toxic organophosphorus compounds SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanismd CY 2003 CL Alicante, SPAIN SP Univ Miguel Hernandez, Caja Ahorros Mediterraneo, Ayuntamiento Alicante, Patronato Meunicipal Turismo Playas Alicante, Soc Espanola Bioquim Biol Mole, Soc Biofis Espana, Soc Espanola Neurocienc, Int Brain Res Org, Lipotec S A, DiverDrug S L, Targacept Inc, Grunenthal, Ctr Clin Dermatol Alicante, Viajes Hispan ID PROTECTION C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Res, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Maxwell, DM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Res, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM donald.maxwell@us.army.mil NR 8 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0895-8696 J9 J MOL NEUROSCI JI J. Mol. Neurosci. PY 2006 VL 30 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 131 DI 10.1385/JMN/30:1-2:129 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 111DS UT WOS:000242432200058 PM 17192658 ER PT J AU Saxena, A Sun, W Luo, CY Myers, TM Koplovitz, I Lenz, DE Doctor, BP AF Saxena, Ashima Sun, Wei Luo, Chunyuan Myers, Todd M. Koplovitz, Irwin Lenz, David E. Doctor, Bhupendra P. TI Bioscavenger for protection from toxicity of organophosphorus compounds SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanismd CY 2003 CL Alicante, SPAIN SP Univ Miguel Hernandez, Caja Ahorros Mediterraneo, Ayuntamiento Alicante, Patronato Meunicipal Turismo Playas Alicante, Soc Espanola Bioquim Biol Mole, Soc Biofis Espana, Soc Espanola Neurocienc, Int Brain Res Org, Lipotec S A, DiverDrug S L, Targacept Inc, Grunenthal, Ctr Clin Dermatol Alicante, Viajes Hispan ID AGENTS C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Saxena, A (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ashima.saxena@amedd.army.mil NR 6 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0895-8696 J9 J MOL NEUROSCI JI J. Mol. Neurosci. PY 2006 VL 30 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 147 DI 10.1385/JMN/30:1-2:145 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 111DS UT WOS:000242432200062 PM 17192662 ER PT J AU Bell, RS Vo, AH Cooper, PB Schmitt, CL Rosner, MK AF Bell, RS Vo, AH Cooper, PB Schmitt, CL Rosner, MK TI Eosinophilic meningitis after implantation of a rifampin and minocycline-impregnated ventriculostomy catheter in a child - Case report SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE eosinophilic meningitis; antibiotic catheter; ventriculoperitoneal shunt; pediatric neurosurgery ID CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID EOSINOPHILIA; VENTRICULOPERITONEAL SHUNTS; INDUCED PNEUMONITIS; EFFUSION; ALLERGY AB Eosinophilic meningitis has been defined as meningitis in which a total cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample is found to have more than 10 eosinophils per millimeter or is composed of greater than 10% eosinophils. The differential diagnosis is broad and the clinical presentation, lacking an internalized CSF diversion system, is often nonspecific. With respect to patients with shunt systems, a positive correlation exists between CSF eosinophilia and eventual shunt failure requiring revision. In this paper the authors present the highest reported level of CSF eosinophilia in conjunction with a rifampin and minocycline-impregnated ventriculostomy catheter recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration. C1 Natl Capital Consortium, Washington, DC USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Bell, RS (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Ward 64,6900 N Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM randy.bell@na.amedd.army.mil NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA UNIV VIRGINIA, 1224 WEST MAIN ST, STE 450, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA SN 0022-3085 J9 J NEUROSURG JI J. Neurosurg. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 104 IS 1 SU S BP 50 EP 54 DI 10.3171/ped.2006.104.1.50 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 003IU UT WOS:000234676000014 PM 16509482 ER PT J AU Valcour, VG Sithinamsuwan, P Nidhinandana, S Thitivichianlert, S Ratto-Kim, S Apateerapono, W Shiramizu, BT Desouza, MS Chitpatima, ST Watt, G Chuenchitra, T Robertson, KR Paul, RH McArthur, JC Kim, JH Shikuma, CM AF Valcour, Victor G. Sithinamsuwan, Pasiri Nidhinandana, Samart Thitivichianlert, Sataporn Ratto-Kim, Silvia Apateerapono, Wichitra Shiramizu, Bruce T. deSouza, Mark S. Chitpatima, Suivicha T. Watt, George Chuenchitra, Thippawan Robertson, Kevin R. Paul, Robert H. McArthur, Justin C. Kim, Jerome H. Shikuma, Cecilia M. CA The Search Protocol Team TI Neuropsychological testing among subtype CRF01_AE HIV-1 in Bangkok SO JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th International Symposium on NeuroVirology CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP NIMH, NINDS, NIDA, Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Inst Mol Med & Infect Dis, Drexel Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunology, Office Dean, Temple Univ, Sch Med, Sbarro Inst Canc Res & Mol Med, Natl Multiple Sclerosis Soc, Journal NeuroVirol C1 Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Hawaii AIDS Clin Res Program, Honolulu, HI USA. Phramongkutklao Hosp, Dept Med, Div Neurol, Bangkok, Thailand. Phramongkutklao Hosp, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Bangkok, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Retrovirol, Bangkok, Thailand. Phramongkutklao Hosp, Off Special Projects, Bangkok, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Royal Thai Army Med Dept, Div Res, Bangkok, Thailand. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Brown Med Sch, Dept Psychiat & Human Behav, Providence, RI USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1355-0284 J9 J NEUROVIROL JI J. Neurovirol. PY 2006 VL 12 SU 1 MA P198 BP 83 EP 84 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Virology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Virology GA 059US UT WOS:000238758300199 ER PT J AU Taylor, KF Inoue, N Rafiee, B Tis, JE McHale, KA Chao, EYS AF Taylor, KF Inoue, N Rafiee, B Tis, JE McHale, KA Chao, EYS TI Effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on maturation of regenerate bone in a rabbit limb lengthening model SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PEMF; distraction osteogenesis; rabbit model ID GROWTH-FACTOR-II; DISTRACTION OSTEOGENESIS; ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; IN-VITRO; CELLS; PEMF; EXPRESSION; EXPERIENCE; FRACTURES; FREQUENCY AB To study the effect of applying pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) during the consolidation phase of limb lengthening, a mid-tibial osteotomy was performed in 18 adult New Zealand White rabbits and an external fixator was applied anteromedially. Animals were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. After a 7-day latency period, the tibiae were distracted 0.5 mm every 12 h for 10 days. The treatment group received a 20-day course of PEMF for 60 min daily, coinciding with initiation of the consolidation phase. The control group received sham PEMF. Radiographs were performed weekly after distraction. Animals were euthanized 3 weeks after the end of distraction. Radiographic analysis revealed no significant difference in regenerate callus area between treatment and control tibiae immediately after distraction, at 1 week, 2 weeks, or 3 weeks after distraction (p = 0.71, 0.22, 0.44, and 0.50, respectively). There was also no significant difference in percent callus mineralization (p = 0.96, 0.69, 0.99, and 0.99, respectively). There was no significant difference between groups with respect to structural stiffness (p = 0.80) or maximal torque to failure (p = 0.62). However, there was a significant positive difference in mineral apposition rate between groups during the interval 1-2 weeks post-distraction (p < 0.05). This difference was no longer evident by the interval 2-3 weeks post-distraction. While PEMF applied during the consolidation phase of limb lengthening did not appear to have a positive effect on bone regenerate, it increased osteoblastic activity in the cortical bone adjacent to the distraction site. Since the same PEMF signal was reported to be beneficial in the rabbit distraction osteogenesis when applied during distraction phase and consolidation phase, application of PEMF in the early phase may be more effective. Further work is necessary to determine optimal timing of the PEMF stimulation during distraction osteogenesis. (c) 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Orthopaed Biomech Lab, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Tis, JE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM john.tis@na.amedd.army.mil NR 47 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0736-0266 J9 J ORTHOP RES JI J. Orthop. Res. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 24 IS 1 BP 2 EP 10 DI 10.1002/jor.20014 PG 9 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 007PR UT WOS:000234982200001 PM 16419963 ER PT J AU Harsha, WTF Kalandarova, E McNutt, P Irwin, R Noel, J AF Harsha, WTF Kalandarova, E McNutt, P Irwin, R Noel, J TI Nutritional supplementation with transforming growth factor-beta, glutamine, and short chain fatty acids minimizes methotrexate-induced injury SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Meeting of the North-American-Society-of-Pediatric-Gastroenterology-Hepatology-and-Nutr ition CY OCT 02-05, 2003 CL Montreal, CANADA SP N Amer Soc Pediat Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr DE methotrexate; mucositis; TGF-beta; glutamine; short chain fatty acids; rats ID INDUCED ENTEROCOLITIS; INTESTINAL DAMAGE; CROHNS-DISEASE; TOXICITY; RATS; DIET; CHEMOTHERAPY; METABOLISM; MUCOSITIS; CHILDREN AB Objective: Gastrointestinal (GI) damage caused by methotrexate (MTX) results in mucosal injury, bacterial invasion, and activation of an immune system that is reduced in function. Diets enriched with glutamine, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta have demonstrated decreased infection, weight loss, and GI damage in Crohn disease. We, therefore, Sought to Study the cytoprotective effects of a diet enriched in glutamine, TGF-beta, and SFCAs (Modulen) in Fischer 344 rats exposed to MTX. Methods: Rats were divided into five groups: two receiving normal saline and three receiving MTX and fed either normal chow, Modulen supplemented chow starting with the first MTX dose, or Modulen supplemented chow beginning 3 days before MTX injection. Rats were weighed daily. On day 5, albumin and bicarbonate levels were drawn, and rats were killed for examination of their intestinal mucosa by a pathologist unaware of groupings. Results: Rats pretreated with Modulen supplemented chow maintained weight (2.6 vs, 12.3 g weight loss), albumin levels (3.13 vs, 2.43 mg/dL), and bicarbonate levels (23.8 vs. 18.1 mg/dL) as compared with rats fed normal chow throughout MTX treatment (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with Modulen also protected against crypt cell loss, villus atrophy, crypt abscesses, crypt/villus ratio, and overall histologic damage (P < 0.05). Conclusion: When administered before and during MTX treatment, Modulen supplementation provided statistically significant protection against weight loss, hypoalbuminemia, acidosis, and GI damage in a rat model. Future animal research of Modulen's protective effects with other chemotherapeutic agents is needed before human trials. C1 Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Harsha, WTF (reprint author), Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. EM wendy.harsha@nw.amedd.army.mil OI McNutt, Patrick/0000-0002-5703-4565 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 53 EP 58 DI 10.1097/01.mpg.0000189136.06151.7a PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 000CG UT WOS:000234437900014 PM 16385254 ER PT J AU Fleckenstein, KB Cuenin, MF Peacock, ME Billman, MA Swiec, GD Buxton, TB Singh, BB McPherson, JC AF Fleckenstein, Kurt B. Cuenin, Michael F. Peacock, Mark E. Billman, Michael A. Swiec, Gary D. Buxton, Thomas B. Singh, Baldev B. McPherson, James C., III TI Effect of a hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate alloplast on osseous repair in the rat calvarium SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE animals; bone; grafts; wound healing ID FREEZE-DRIED BONE; INTRAOSSEOUS HEALING RESPONSES; STABILIZED CALCIUM PHOSPHATES; CERAMIC IMPLANTS; GRAFTING MATERIALS; POWDER ALLOGRAFTS; PARTICLE-SIZE; DEFECTS; PLACEMENT; MODEL AB Background: Bony defects caused by periodontitis are often treated by regenerative therapy using autografts and/or allografts. Alloplasts, such as hydroxyapatite or ceramics, are also used as osteoconductive materials that serve as a scaffold for new bony ingrowth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate (HA-TCP) on osseous repair in the rat calvarium. Methods: Forty-four adult male Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of four treatment groups: HA-TCP macroporous disk, HA-TCP microporous disk, HA-TCP granules, and demineralized freeze-dried bone (DFDB). The materials were placed into 8-mm calvarial critical-size defects (CSD). Calvariae were harvested at 10 weeks post-surgery and evaluated histomorphometrically. Results: The DFDB group had significantly (P < 0.05) more new bone formation (47%) than any other group. The HA-TCP macroporous disk group had significantly (P < 0.05) more new bone formation (19.7%) than the HA-TCP microporous disk (8.5%) or HA-TCP granule (6.9%) groups. Conclusions: The HA-TCP macroporous disk may elicit significant new bone formation due to its rigid space-maintaining scaffold and pore size for vascular ingrowth. It is well tolerated by host tissues and may be a suitable carrier for growth factors. C1 USA, Ft Bragg, NC USA. USA, Heidelberg, Germany. USA, Landstuhl, Germany. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. USA, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP Peacock, ME (reprint author), 500 Scotts Way, Augusta, GA 30909 USA. EM mark.peacock@lnd.amedd.army.mil NR 38 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 77 IS 1 BP 39 EP 45 DI 10.1902/jop.2006.77.1.39 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 103IE UT WOS:000241878100006 PM 16579701 ER PT J AU Jiang, G Joshi, SB Peek, LJ Brandau, DT Huang, J Ferriter, MS Woodley, WD Ford, BM Mar, KD Mikszta, JA Hwang, CR Ulrich, R Harvey, NG Middaugh, CR Sullivan, VJ AF Jiang, G Joshi, SB Peek, LJ Brandau, DT Huang, J Ferriter, MS Woodley, WD Ford, BM Mar, KD Mikszta, JA Hwang, CR Ulrich, R Harvey, NG Middaugh, CR Sullivan, VJ TI Anthrax vaccine powder formulations for nasal mucosal delivery SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE anthrax; recombinant protective antigen; nasal; powder formulation; stability ID MOLTEN-GLOBULE STATE; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; LETHAL FACTOR; CYCLIC-AMP; TOXIN; IMMUNIZATION; AGGREGATION; PROTEIN; ALPHA AB Anthrax remains a serious threat worldwide as a bioterror agent. A second-generation anthrax vaccine currently under clinical evaluation consists of a recombinant Protective Antigen (rPA) of Bacillus anthracis. We have previously demonstrated that complete protection against inhalational anthrax can be achieved in a rabbit model, by intranasal delivery of a powder rPA formulation. Here we describe the preformulation and formulation development of such powder formulations. The physical stability of rPA was studied in solution as a function of pH and temperature using circular dichroism (CD), and UV-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. Extensive aggregation of rPA was observed at physiological temperatures. An empirical phase diagram, constructed using a combination of CD and fluorescence data, suggests that rPA is most thermally stable within the pH range of 6-8. To identify potential stabilizers, a library of GRAS excipients was screened using an aggregation sensitive turbidity assay, CD, and fluorescence. Based on these stability profiles, spray freeze-dried (SFD) formulations were prepared at pH 7-8 using trehalose as stabilizer and a CpG-containing oligonucleotide adjuvant. SFD formulations displayed substantial improvement in storage stability over liquid formulations. In combination with noninvasive intranasal delivery, such powder formulations may offer an attractive approach for mass biodefense immunization. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 BD Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Sullivan, VJ (reprint author), BD Technol, 21 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM vince_Sullivan@bd.com NR 38 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0022-3549 J9 J PHARM SCI-US JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 95 IS 1 BP 80 EP 96 DI 10.1002/jps.20484 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 000FE UT WOS:000234445500012 PM 16315230 ER PT J AU Pojman, LP AF Pojman, Louis P. TI The case for world government SO JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The world is becoming an ever-shrinking global village in which the events of one neighborhood tend to reverberate through the whole. In this essay I examine the best arguments available for both nationalist commitments and for moral cosmopolitanism and then try to reconcile them within a larger framework of institutional cosmopolitanism or World Government. My thesis is that in an international Hobbesian world like ours, increasingly threatened by global problems related to the environment, trade, injustice, crime, migration, health, terrorism, and war, institutional cosmopolitanism offers the best prospect for world peace with justice. C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Pojman, LP (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Admiss Bldg 606, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM Lpojman@aol.com NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PHILOSOPHY DOCUMENTATION CENTER PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA PO BOX 7147, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22906-7147 USA SN 1053-8364 J9 J PHILOS RES JI J. Philos. Res. PY 2006 VL 31 BP 59 EP 80 PG 22 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA 087MV UT WOS:000240747400004 ER PT J AU Estes, AC Welch, RW Ressler, SJ AF Estes, AC Welch, RW Ressler, SJ TI The assessment of teaching SO JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Estes, AC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM Allen.Estes@usma.edu; Ronald.Welch@usma.edu; Stephen.Ressler@usma.edu NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1052-3928 J9 J PROF ISS ENG ED PR JI J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 132 IS 1 BP 2 EP 10 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1052-3928(2006)132:1(2) PG 9 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 998OO UT WOS:000234328700002 ER PT J AU Wood, KC Berzins, DW Luo, Q Thompson, GA Toth, JM Nagy, WW AF Wood, KC Berzins, DW Luo, Q Thompson, GA Toth, JM Nagy, WW TI Resistance to fracture of two all-ceramic crown materials following endodontic access SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROCERA ALLCERAM CROWNS; VENEER PORCELAIN; IN-VITRO; STRENGTH; TEETH; THICKNESS; LOAD AB Statement of problem. There is currently, no protocol for managing endodontic access openings for all-ceramic crowns. A direct restorative material is generally used to repair the access opening, rendering a repaired crown as the definitive restoration. This endodontic procedure, however, may weaken the restoration or initiate microcracks that may propagate, resulting in premature failure of the restoration. Purpose. The purpose Of this in vitro study was to evaluate how an endodontic access opening prepared through an all-ceramic crown altered the structural integrity of the ceramic, and the effect of a repair of this access on the load to failure of an all-ceramic crown. Material and methods. Twenty-four alumina (Procera) and 24 zirconia (Procera) crowns were fabricated and cemented (Rely X Luting Plus Cement) onto duplicate epoxy resin dies. Twelve crowns of each were accessed to simulate root canal treatment therapy. Surface defects of all accessed specimens were evaluated with ail environmental scanning electron microscope. The specimens were repaired with a porcelain repair system (standard adhesive resin/composite resin protocol) and were loaded to failure in a universal testing machine. Observations made visually and microscopically, noted veneer delamination from the core, core fracture, shear within the veneer porcelain, or a combination thereof. A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine if a significant difference (alpha=.05) in load to failure existed between the 4 groups, and a Mann-Whitney test with a Bonferroni correction (P <.0125) Was used for multiple comparisons. A Weibull analysis was also used to estimate the Weibull modulus and characteristic failure for each group. Results. All specimens exhibited edge chipping around the access openings. Some displayed larger chips within the veneering porcelain, and 4 zircoina crowns showed radial crack formation. There was a significant difference in load to failure among all groups with the exception of the alumina intact and repaired specimens (P=.695). The alumina crowns generally showed fracture of the coping with the veneering porcelain still bonded to the core, whereas the zirconia copings tended not to fracture but experienced veneering porcelain delamination. Conclusion. Endodontic access through all-ceramic crowns resulted in a significant loss of strength in the zirconia specimens but not in the alumina specimens. C1 Marquette Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Gen Dent Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. USA, Dent & Trauma Res Detachment, Great Lakes, IL USA. Baylor Coll Dent, Detp Restorat Sci, Dallas, TX 75246 USA. RP Berzins, DW (reprint author), Marquette Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Gen Dent Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. EM david.berzins@marquette.edu NR 31 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 95 IS 1 BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.prosdent.2005.11.003 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 003PJ UT WOS:000234693800007 PM 16399273 ER PT J AU Dworzanski, JP Deshpande, SV Chen, R Jabbour, RE Snyder, AP Wick, CH Li, L AF Dworzanski, JP Deshpande, SV Chen, R Jabbour, RE Snyder, AP Wick, CH Li, L TI Mass spectrometry-based proteomics combined with bioinformatic tools for bacterial classification SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE classification of bacteria; proteomics; tandem mass spectrometry; LC-MS/MS; bioinformatics ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; DATABASE SEARCH; MIXTURES; DIGESTION; PEPTIDES; STRAINS AB Timely classification and identification of bacteria is of vital importance in many areas of public health. We present a mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics approach for bacterial classification. In this method, a bacterial proteome database is derived from all potential protein coding open reading frames (ORFs) found in 170 fully sequenced bacterial genomes. Amino acid sequences of tryptic peptides obtained by LC-ESI MS/MS analysis of the digest of bacterial cell extracts are assigned to individual bacterial proteomes in the database. Phylogenetic profiles of these peptides are used to create a matrix of sequence-to-bacterium assignments. These matrixes, viewed as specific assignment bitmaps, are analyzed using statistical tools to reveal the relatedness between a test bacterial sample and the microorganism database. It is shown that, if a sufficient amount of sequence information is obtained from the MS/MS experiments, a bacterial sample can be classified to a strain level by using this proteomics method, leading to its positive identification. C1 Geocenters Inc, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Sci & Technol Corp, Edgewood, MD 21040 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Chem, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Dworzanski, JP (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM jacek.dworzanski@us.army.mil RI Li, Liang/D-1822-2011 NR 31 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 5 IS 1 BP 76 EP 87 DI 10.1021/pr050294t PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 003FX UT WOS:000234668300007 PM 16396497 ER PT J AU Farley, LJH Alexander, A Zahn, C Harrison, TA Nielsen, P Branch, W Larsen, W Homas, D AF Farley, LJH Alexander, A Zahn, C Harrison, TA Nielsen, P Branch, W Larsen, W Homas, D TI Far forward gynecologic care of the female soldier SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE military medicine; military hospitals; military personnel ID PERSIAN-GULF-WAR; WOMEN AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value, unit cost and medical effectiveness of providing specialized obstetric and gynecologic care far forward, at echelon III, the combat support hospital (CSH), in the operating theater of Afghanistan during Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), rotation 5. STUDY DESIGN: Between April 2004 and September 2004, records were reviewed from the outpatient gynecology clinic at Bagram Air Field (BAF), in Afghanistan, through an approved protocol request. Cohort analysis was performed on all gynecologic patients. Significant differences in distribution of clinical factors were determined by Student's t test. RESULTS: A total of 62 cases were extracted for analysis over the 6-month period. Fifty-seven total patients were seen at echelon 111, the CSH at BAF, while 5 were sent to level IV or Vechelon care in Landstuhl, Germany. The average distance traveled for the patients coining to BAF was 158 km, while those sent to Germany averaged 5,204 km. The mean travel time in days was significantly lower among patients seen at BAF, 0.5 versus 7 days for patients sent to Germany. The time to appointment was also significantly lower among those patients seen at BAF: 0.04 versus 13 days for patients sent to Germany. CONCLUSION: We devised and implemented the concept of far forward specialized gynecologic care for women participating in OEF. This substantially decreased the woman-hours lost by their individual units. The far forward availability of gynecologic care and the supplies to evaluate and treat abnormal Pap smears should be considered by all military services in their plans for providing health care for the modern female soldier. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Fort Lewis, WA USA. RP Zahn, C (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM john.farley@us.army.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 31 EP 35 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 006BW UT WOS:000234871100007 ER PT J AU Bower, KS Mines, MJ Stutzman, RD AF Bower, Kraig S. Mines, Michael J. Stutzman, Richard D. TI Digital imaging to assist preoperative planning for ipsilateral rotational autokeratoplasty SO JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE LA English DT Article ID KERATOPLASTY; PHOTOGRAPHY; SIZE; EYE AB A 14-month-old child with a central corneal scar underwent rotational autografting of his cornea to clear his visual axis. This was accomplished through eccentric trephination and 180 degree rotation of the central cornea. A preoperative image of the patient's cornea was manipulated digitally using a common commercial image-processing software package. This allowed accurate prediction of the best trephine size and location prior to surgery. Digital imaging played an important role in preoperative surgical planning and demonstrates the potential for tele-ophthalmology. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ctr Refract Surg, Ophthalmol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Bower, KS (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ctr Refract Surg, Ophthalmol Serv, Room 2F-205,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM kraig.bower@na.amedd.army.mil NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 1357-633X J9 J TELEMED TELECARE JI J. Telemed. Telecare PY 2006 VL 12 IS 7 BP 374 EP 376 DI 10.1258/135763306778682369 PG 3 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 103YN UT WOS:000241923200010 PM 17059656 ER PT J AU Shoop, SA Richmond, PW Lacombe, J AF Shoop, SA Richmond, PW Lacombe, J TI Overview of cold regions mobility modeling at CRREL SO JOURNAL OF TERRAMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE vehicle; terrain; winter; NATO reference mobility model; snow; ice; soil; freeze; frost; thaw AB Over the last several decades, the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) has extensively tested and analyzed issues related to vehicle performance in winter. Using this knowledge and the experimental database, models were developed to capture the important elements for cold regions mobility performance. These models span a range of resolutions and fidelities and include three-dimensional finite element models of tire-terrain interaction, vehicle dynamics models of vehicles on winter surfaces, semi-empirical cold regions algorithms for winter performance within the NATO reference mobility model (NRMM), all-season vehicle performance in force-on-force war-gaming simulations, and vehicle-surface interaction for real-time vehicle simulators. Each of these types of models is presented along with examples of their application. (c) 2004 ISTVS. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res & Dev, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Shoop, SA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res & Dev, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4898 J9 J TERRAMECHANICS JI J. Terramech. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.jterra.2004.08.004 PG 26 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA 989TZ UT WOS:000233698100001 ER PT J AU Mona, ML Diebold, CJ Walton, AB AF Mona, Meredith L. Diebold, Carroll J. Walton, Ava B. TI Update on the disposition of military insanity acquittees SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PSYCHIATRY AND THE LAW LA English DT Editorial Material AB There has been little study of the use of the insanity defense within the military judicial system, and aggregated data concerning such cases are not readily available when needed. Useful information is not consolidated in a central location, hindering potential research and the development of systemic improvements. One key area that would benefit from closer analysis is the process of the disposition of insanity acquittees. The Manual for Courts-Martial (2000 ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office) provides limited guidance in procedures to disposition, outlining the process in rather broad terms. The result is often a time-consuming and resource-draining process that can create significant burdens for both the military legal and health care systems. The need to address challenges within the system is discussed, and the creation of a centralized databank as a step toward improving this system is recommended. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, MCHK PS, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Moncrief Army Community Hosp, Ft Jackson, SC USA. RP Diebold, CJ (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, MCHK PS, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM carroll.diebold@amedd.army.mil NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PSYCHIATRY & LAW PI BLOOMFIELD PA ONE REGENCY DR, PO BOX 30, BLOOMFIELD, CT 06002 USA SN 1093-6793 J9 J AM ACAD PSYCHIATRY JI J. Am. Acad. Psychiatry Law PY 2006 VL 34 IS 4 BP 538 EP 544 PG 7 WC Law; Psychiatry SC Government & Law; Psychiatry GA 129FJ UT WOS:000243713700017 PM 17185486 ER PT J AU Chen, PH White, CE AF Chen, PH White, CE TI Comparison of rectal, microchip transponder, and infrared thermometry techniques for obtaining body temperature in the laboratory rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MICE AB This study compared rabbit rectal thermometry with 4 other thermometry techniques: an implantable microchip temperature transponder, an environmental noncontact infrared thermometer, a tympanic infrared thermometer designed for use on humans, and a tympanic infrared thermometer designed for use on animals. The microchip transponder was implanted between the shoulder blades; the environmental noncontact infrared thermometer recorded results from the base of the right pinna and the left inner thigh, and the tympanic infrared thermometer temperatures were taken from the right ear. Results from each technique were compared to determine agreement between the test modality and the rectal temperature. The practicality and reliability of the modalities were reviewed also. According to this study, the implantable microchip transponder measurements agreed most closely with the rectal temperature. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Vet Med, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biometr, Dept Biostat, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Chen, PH (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Vet Med, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM patty.chen@us.army.mil NR 18 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1559-6109 J9 J AM ASSOC LAB ANIM JI J. Amer. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 45 IS 1 BP 57 EP 63 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 028BT UT WOS:000236461200009 PM 16539337 ER PT J AU Luo, HY Chen, WNW Rajendran, AM AF Luo, HY Chen, WNW Rajendran, AM TI Dynamic compressive response of damaged and interlocked SiC-N ceramics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR; MULTIAXIAL-COMPRESSION; ALUMINUM NITRIDE; SILICON-CARBIDE; FAILURE; SHOCK; CONFINEMENT; BEHAVIOR; ARMOR; DEFORMATION AB The dynamic compressive responses of a damaged but interlocked hot-pressed silicon carbide were determined as a function of loading rates, damage, and confinement. A novel experimental technique based on a split Hopkinson pressure bar was used to conduct the high strain-rate experiments. The ceramic specimen was loaded by two consecutive stress pulses to determine the responses of the intact and damaged specimen under valid testing conditions. The results show that, once critically damaged, the compressive response of the damaged ceramic was insensitive to increasing strain rates and further damage but varied with increasing lateral confinement. Under 104-MPa confinement and damaged to three different levels, the flow stress remained at 1 GPa at strain rates of 600-1600 s(-1). The flow stress reduced to 500 and 350 MPa under confinement of 56 and 26 MPa respectively. C1 Purdue Univ, AAE Sch, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, MSE Sch, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85750 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Purdue Univ, AAE Sch, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM wchen@purdue.edu RI Rajendran, Arunachalam/A-1615-2010 NR 46 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 266 EP 273 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00688.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 000SL UT WOS:000234482600041 ER PT J AU Strawn, RC Caradonna, FX Duque, EPN AF Strawn, RC Caradonna, FX Duque, EPN TI 30 years of rotorcraft computational fluid dynamics research and development SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID ROTARY-WING AERODYNAMICS; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; TRANSONIC POTENTIAL FLOW; HELICOPTER ROTOR; UNSTRUCTURED MESHES; EULER EQUATIONS; TURBULENCE MODELS; HOVERING ROTOR; UNSTEADY FLOWS; SCHEME AB Rotary-wing vehicles encounter a wide variety of complex aerodynamic phenomena and these phenomena present substantial challenges for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. This paper presents highlights from the past 30-years of CFD modeling and development to address these aerodynamic problems. During this time, a variety of CFD approaches have been used, ranging from early inviscid potential-flow methods from the 1970s and 1980s to more recent high-resolution solutions of the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations for combined rotors and airframes. Historically, the choice of CFD methodology and the numerical resolution for the overall problem have been driven mostly by available computer speed and memory at any point in time. This fact is still largely true today. However the combination of ever-larger computers and improved CFD algorithms now allows the solution of a number of important rotorcraft aerodynamics problems. Future improvements in solution algorithms and computer speed will continue to make rotorcraft CFD solutions more robust and useful. However fundamental problems in solving for the rotor wake and in turbulence modeling remain challenges for the future. C1 USA, Aeroflightdynam Directorate AMRDEC, Res Dev & Engn Command, Moffett Field, CA USA. No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Strawn, RC (reprint author), USA, Aeroflightdynam Directorate AMRDEC, Res Dev & Engn Command, Moffett Field, CA USA. NR 106 TC 12 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 5 EP 21 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 016CC UT WOS:000235597200002 ER PT J AU Jackson, KE Boitnott, RL Fasanella, EL Jones, LE Lyle, KH AF Jackson, KE Boitnott, RL Fasanella, EL Jones, LE Lyle, KH TI A summary of DOD-sponsored research performed at NASA Langley's Impact Dynamics Research Facility SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 60th Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY JUN 07-10, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Helicopter Soc AB The Impact Dynamics Research Facility (IDRF) is a 240 ft high gantry structure located at NASA Langley Research Center. The IDRF was originally built in the early 1960s for use as a Lunar Landing Research Facility. As such, the facility was configured to simulate the reduced gravitational environment of the moon, allowing the Apollo astronauts to practice lunar landings under realistic conditions.' In 1985, the IDRF was designated a National Historic Landmark based on its significant contributions to the Apollo Moon Landing Program. In the early 1970s the facility was converted into its current configuration as a full-scale crash test facility for light aircraft and rotorcraft. Since that time, the IDRF has been used to perform a wide variety of impact tests on full-scale aircraft, airframe components, and space vehicles in support of the General Aviation (GA) aircraft industry, the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), the rotorcraft industry, and the NASA Space program. The objectives of this paper are twofold: to describe the IDRF facility and its unique capabilities for conducting structural impact testing, and to summarize the impact tests performed at the IDRF in support of the DOD. These tests cover a time period of roughly 2-1/2 decades, beginning in 1975 with the full-scale crash test of a CH-47 Chinook helicopter, and ending in 1999 with the external fuel system qualification test of a UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter. NASA officially closed the IDRF in September 2003; consequently, it is important to document the past contributions made in improved human survivability and impact tolerance through DOD-sponsored research performed at the IDRF. C1 USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Struct Dynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Jackson, KE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 59 EP 69 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 016CC UT WOS:000235597200005 ER PT J AU Smith, MJ Potsdam, M Wong, TC Baeder, JD Phanse, S AF Smith, MJ Potsdam, M Wong, TC Baeder, JD Phanse, S TI Evaluation of computational fluid dynamics to determine two-dimensional airfoil characteristics for rotorcraft applications SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 60th Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY JUN 07-10, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Helicopter Soc AB The efficient prediction of helicopter rotor performance, vibratory loads, and aeroelastic properties still relies heavily on the use of comprehensive analysis codes. These comprehensive codes utilize look-up tables to provide two-dimensional aerodynamic characteristics. Typically these tables are comprised of a combination of wind tunnel data, empirical data, and numerical analyses. The potential to rely more heavily on numerical computations based on computational fluid dynamics simulations has become more of a reality with the advent of faster computers and more sophisticated physical models. The ability of five different computational fluid dynamics codes, applied independently, to predict the lift, drag and pitching moments of rotor airfoils is examined for the SC1095 airfoil, which is utilized in the UH-60A main rotor. Extensive comparisons with the results of ten wind tunnel tests are performed. These computational fluid dynamics computations are within experimental data limits for predicting many of the aerodynamic performance characteristics. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Moffett Field, CA USA. USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Smith, MJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Smith, Marilyn/E-4961-2012 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 70 EP 79 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 016CC UT WOS:000235597200006 ER PT J AU Hopkins, AS Ormiston, RA AF Hopkins, AS Ormiston, RA TI An examination of selected problems in rotor blade structural mechanics and dynamics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY JUN 01-03, 2005 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Helicopter Soc ID COMPOSITE BEAMS AB Analysts frequently classify the deformation of rotorcraft blades as moderate, exceeding the small deformation limitation of typical beam finite elements. Advances in computer capabilities have made possible an implementation of a nonlinear beam finite element combining rigid body and flexible body kinematics in the Rotorcraft Comprehensive Analysis System (RCAS). Two challenges for new software developers are to verify the correctness of the implementation and to ascertain whether it represents an improvement. This paper presents comparisons to analytical results, to measurements from the Princeton beam and Maryland vacuum chamber experiments, and to UH-60 flight test data. Inspection of these comparisons leads to the conclusion that the results obtained with RCAS correlate well with analytical and experimental results, sometimes representing significant improvements. C1 USA, Aeroflightdynam Directorate AMRDEC, Res Dev & Engn Command, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP USA, Aeroflightdynam Directorate AMRDEC, Res Dev & Engn Command, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 EI 2161-6027 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 104 EP 119 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 016CC UT WOS:000235597200009 ER PT J AU Read, J AF Read, J TI Ether-based electrolytes for the lithium/oxygen organic electrolyte battery SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MIXTURES; CONDUCTIVITY; CONSTANTS; OXYGEN AB The practical operation of a lithium/oxygen organic electrolyte battery depends on a significant amount of dissolved oxygen transporting through the organic electrolyte permeating the carbon black cathode before its reduction occurs. The rate of oxygen transport directly influences rate capability and discharge capacity. The organic electrolyte can be tailored to maximize the transport of oxygen while still retaining the ability to form a stable solid electrolyte interface with the lithium anode, chemical stability towards the discharge products Li2O2 and Li2O, and oxidative stability to over 3 V. We investigated an ether-based electrolyte containing four different electrolyte salts to determine how electrolyte properties such as oxygen solubility, dynamic viscosity, and conductivity change with each electrolyte salt, and how this directly affects rate capability and discharge capacity. The results indicate that discharge capacity at 0.5 mA/cm(2) is determined by dynamic viscosity alone for these electrolytes, while discharge capacity at 0.2 and 0.05 mA/cm(2) shows no correlation with either oxygen solubility, dynamic viscosity, or conductivity. Our results demonstrate that a substantial improvement in rate capability can be achieved by optimizing electrolyte viscosity. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Read, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM jread@arl.army.mil NR 19 TC 130 Z9 135 U1 14 U2 81 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 1 BP A96 EP A100 DI 10.1149/1.2131827 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 995YV UT WOS:000234142400019 ER PT J AU Kim, JK Schubert, EF Cho, J Sone, C Lin, JY Jiang, HX Zavada, JM AF Kim, JK Schubert, EF Cho, J Sone, C Lin, JY Jiang, HX Zavada, JM TI GaN light-emitting triodes for high-efficiency hole injection SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DEVICES; DIODES; SUPERLATTICES; ENHANCEMENT AB A new type of light-emitting device, the light-emitting triode (LET) is demonstrated to have enhanced hole-injection efficiency. The LET has an additional anode to accelerate carriers in the lateral direction by means of an electric field between the two anodes. Theoretical calculations reveal that the lateral electric field provides additional energy to carriers, thereby allowing them to overcome barriers and increasing the carrier injection efficiency into the active region. It is experimentally shown that the light-output power of the LET increases with increasing negative bias to the additional anode, which is fully consistent with the expectation. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Photon Program Team, Suwon 440600, South Korea. Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kim, JK (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM efschubert@rpi.edu RI Lin, Jingyu/A-7276-2011; Jiang, Hongxing/F-3635-2011; Cho, Jaehee/H-3506-2013 OI Lin, Jingyu/0000-0003-1705-2635; Jiang, Hongxing/0000-0001-9892-4292; Cho, Jaehee/0000-0002-8794-3487 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 8 BP G734 EP G737 DI 10.1149/1.2204873 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 055SG UT WOS:000238470100058 ER PT J AU Wang, HT Kang, BS Ren, F Herrero, A Gerger, AM Gila, BP Pearton, SJ Shen, H LaRoche, JR Smith, KV AF Wang, Hung-Ta Kang, B. S. Ren, F. Herrero, A. Gerger, A. M. Gila, B. P. Pearton, S. J. Shen, H. LaRoche, Jeffery R. Smith, Kurt V. TI Thermal stability of Au Schottky diodes on GaAs deposited at either 77 or 300 K SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE; CURRENT TRANSPORT; BARRIER HEIGHT; ROOM; ENHANCEMENT; TRANSISTOR AB The enhancement of similar to 0.09 eV (a 12% increase) in Schottky barrier height for Au deposited at cryogenic temperatures on n-type GaAs relative to conventional deposition at 300 K (barrier height 0.73 eV) is shown to persist for annealing temperatures up to 200 degrees C. At higher anneal temperatures, both types of diodes show a severe deterioration in rectifying behavior. The reverse breakdown voltage of low-temperature-deposited diodes was similar to 50% larger than conventional Au/GaAs diodes. The ideality factor of the cryogenically processed devices (similar to 1.43) was higher than for room-temperature diodes (1.17). This simple process method has potential for improving output resistance and power gain and lowering gate leakage current and noise in GaAs metal-semiconductor field effect transistors. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Res Labs, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Raytheon RF Components, Andover, MA 01810 USA. RP Wang, HT (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 9 BP G787 EP G790 DI 10.1149/1.2212049 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 066SO UT WOS:000239250600057 ER PT J AU Mandatori, A Bertolotti, M Sibilia, C Hoenders, BJ Scalora, M AF Mandatori, A. Bertolotti, M. Sibilia, C. Hoenders, B. J. Scalora, M. TI Coherence effects in propagation through photonic crystals SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN OPTICAL SOCIETY-RAPID PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE coherence; photonic crystals; propagation AB We have analytically studied how a partially coherent quasi plane wave is affected by a photonic crystal structure including a grating. The analysis is presented for spatial and temporal cases showing the possibility to determine the coherence characteristics of the pulse. [DOI:10.2971/jeos.2006.06005] C1 [Mandatori, A.; Bertolotti, M.; Sibilia, C.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Energet, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Hoenders, B. J.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Theoret Phys, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. [Hoenders, B. J.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Mat Sci, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. [Scalora, M.] USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Weapon Sci Directorate, AMSMI RD WS ST Redstone Arsenal, Huntsville, AL 35898 USA. RP Mandatori, A (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Energet, Via A Scarpa 16, I-00161 Rome, Italy. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN OPTICAL SOC PI HANNOVER PA C/O LASER ZENTRUM HANNOVER, HOLLERITHALLEE 8, HANNOVER, 30419, GERMANY SN 1990-2573 J9 J EUR OPT SOC-RAPID JI J. Eur. Opt. Soc.-Rapid Publ. PY 2006 VL 1 AR 06005 DI 10.2971/jeos.2006.06005 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA V93JZ UT WOS:000206312700007 ER PT J AU Leon, LR AF Leon, LR TI The thermoregulatory consequences of heat stroke: Are cytokines involved? SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Meeting on Physiology and Pharmacology of Temperature Regulation CY MAR 03-06, 2006 CL Phoenix, AZ DE heat stress; hyperthermia; hypothermia; fever; interleukin-1; interleukin-6; tumor necrosis factor; radiotelemetry; gene knockout; sepsis ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; CRITICAL THERMAL MAXIMUM; RAT HEATSTROKE; WHOLE-BODY; TEMPERATURE REGULATION; HYPOTHERMIA; MICE; HYPERTHERMIA; MORTALITY AB The thermoregulatory changes induced by prolonged heat exposure consist of hyperthermia in response to direct heat exposure, and a biphasic response consisting of hypothermia followed by "fever", which develops during long-term recovery. This review discusses the importance of these thermoregulatory responses for prediction of heat stroke morbidity and mortality and the potential role of endogenous cytokines in the regulation of these responses. Current data suggest that the magnitude and duration of hypothermia is directly related to severity of the heat insult, whereas "fever" is it biomarker of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) that ensues during heat stroke recovery. Correlation studies showing elevated cytokine concentrations in human and animal heat stroke models suggest an adverse role of these substances in heat-induced SIRS, although few neutralization studies have been conducted to support this hypothesis. Preliminary results from cytokine and cytokine receptor knockout mice suggest that cytokines may not be involved in the thermoregulatory responses to heat stroke, but in some cases appear to have a protective, permissive role for heat stroke survival. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Leon, LR (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM lisa.leon@na.amedd.army.mil NR 86 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2005.11.023 PG 15 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA 016TZ UT WOS:000235644600010 ER PT J AU Willett, DA Mahboub, KC Rister, B AF Willett, DA Mahboub, KC Rister, B TI Accuracy of ground-penetrating radar for pavement-layer thickness analysis SO JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB This paper deals with accuracy issues related to using ground penetrating radar (GPR) for determining the surface layer thickness of asphalt and concrete pavements. Additionally, tests were conducted to identify GPR's repeatability on dry versus wet pavements. Finally, an attempt was made to determine the number of actual field cores necessary to accurately postprocess radar data into layer thickness data. At this time, it appears that four calibration cores would be the optimum number of cores that would minimize errors. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Civil Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, EIT, Huntington, WV 25701 USA. Univ Kentucky, Kentucky Transportat Ctr, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Willett, DA (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Civil Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM kmahboub@engr.uky.edu OI Mahboub, Kamyar/0000-0003-1668-4585 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-947X J9 J TRANSP ENG-ASCE JI J. Transp. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2006 VL 132 IS 1 BP 96 EP 103 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2006)132:1(96) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 999FC UT WOS:000234373200011 ER PT J AU Wang, JY Karypis, G AF Wang, JY Karypis, G TI On efficiently summarizing categorical databases SO KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE data mining; frequent itemset; categorical database; clustering ID ALGORITHM AB Frequent itemset mining was initially proposed and has been studied extensively in the context of association rule mining. In recent years, several studies have also extended its application to transaction or document clustering. However, most of the frequent itemset based clustering algorithms need to first mine a large intermediate set of frequent itemsets in order to identify a subset of the most promising ones that can be used for clustering. In this paper, we study how to directly find a subset of high quality frequent itemsets that can be used as a concise summary of the transaction database and to cluster the categorical data. By exploring key properties of the subset of itemsets that we are interested in, we proposed several search space pruning methods and designed an efficient algorithm called SUMMARY. Our empirical results show that SUMMARY runs very fast even when the minimum support is extremely low and scales very well with respect to the database size, and surprisingly, as a: pure frequent itemset mining algorithm it is very effective in clustering the categorical data and summarizing the dense transaction databases. C1 Univ Minnesota, Digital Technol Ctr, Dept Comp Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Tsinghua Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Technol, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Univ Minnesota, Digital Technol Ctr, Dept Comp Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM karypis@cs.umn.edu RI Cong , Gao/A-3726-2011 NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0219-1377 EI 0219-3116 J9 KNOWL INF SYST JI Knowl. Inf. Syst. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1 BP 19 EP 37 DI 10.1007/s10115-005-0216-7 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 996LP UT WOS:000234175700002 ER PT J AU Eichhorn, JH Buckner, L Buckner, SB Beech, DP Crothers, BA Wilbur, DC AF Eichhorn, JH Buckner, L Buckner, SB Beech, DP Crothers, BA Wilbur, DC TI Internet-based gynecologic telecytology with remote automated image selection: Results of a first-phase development trial SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 95th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 11-17, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 86 SU 1 MA 245 BP 56A EP 56A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 996WY UT WOS:000234207600245 ER PT J AU Nagle, JA Eichhorn, JH Crothers, BA Wilbur, DC AF Nagle, JA Eichhorn, JH Crothers, BA Wilbur, DC TI Determination of specimen adequacy and the presence of transformation zone component using an automated Internet-based telecytology system for cervical cytology SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 95th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 11-17, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 86 SU 1 MA 295 BP 67A EP 67A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 996WY UT WOS:000234207600295 ER PT J AU Nanji, SS Eichhorn, JJ Crothers, BA Wilbur, DC AF Nanji, SS Eichhorn, JJ Crothers, BA Wilbur, DC TI Determining the effective cervical cytology triage point using an automated Internet-based telecytology system with hierarchical image review SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 95th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 11-17, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 86 SU 1 MA 296 BP 67A EP 67A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 996WY UT WOS:000234207600296 ER PT J AU Furusato, B Banez, LL Prasan, P Chen, Y Ali, A Moul, JW McLeod, DG Srivastava, S Sesterhenn, IA AF Furusato, B Banez, LL Prasan, P Chen, Y Ali, A Moul, JW McLeod, DG Srivastava, S Sesterhenn, IA TI Evaluation of serum SELDI-TOF proteomic information and tumor volume in prostate cancer patients SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 95th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 11-17, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 86 SU 1 MA 626 BP 137A EP 137A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 996WY UT WOS:000234207601060 ER PT J AU Beaman, NA Vos, JA AF Beaman, NA Vos, JA TI Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) with atypical pathologic features: Clinical relevance and immunohistochemical correlation SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 95th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 11-17, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 86 SU 1 MA 1006 BP 216A EP 217A PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 996WY UT WOS:000234207601440 ER PT J AU Russo, RE Miziolek, AW AF Russo, Richard E. Miziolek, Andrzej W. BE Miziolek, AW Palleschi, V Schechter, I TI LASER-INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY (LIBS) Fundamentals and Applications Preface SO LASER-INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY (LIBS): FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Russo, Richard E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Miziolek, Andrzej W.] USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 754 Z9 755 U1 2 U2 19 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-85274-6 PY 2006 BP XV EP XVII PG 3 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BXT02 UT WOS:000297006500001 ER PT J AU Singh, JP Yueh, FY Rai, VN Harmon, R Beaton, S French, P DeLucia, FC Peterson, B McNesby, KL Miziolek, AW AF Singh, J. P. Yueh, F. Y. Rai, V. N. Harmon, R. Beaton, S. French, P. DeLucia, F. C., Jr. Peterson, B. McNesby, K. L. Miziolek, A. W. BE Miziolek, AW Palleschi, V Schechter, I TI Civilian and military environmental contamination studies using LIBS SO LASER-INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY (LIBS): FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; INDUCED PLASMA SPECTROSCOPY; HEAVY-METAL AEROSOLS; SPECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS; ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; LASER WAVELENGTH; LIQUID SAMPLES; DESERT VARNISH; WATER; FLUORESCENCE C1 [Singh, J. P.; Yueh, F. Y.; Rai, V. N.] Mississippi State Univ, DIAL, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. [Harmon, R.] USA, Res Lab, Army Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Beaton, S.; French, P.] ADA Technol Inc, Littleton, CO USA. [DeLucia, F. C., Jr.; Peterson, B.; McNesby, K. L.; Miziolek, A. W.] USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Singh, JP (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, DIAL, 205 Res Blvd, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. NR 50 TC 417 Z9 418 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-85274-6 PY 2006 BP 368 EP 399 PG 32 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BXT02 UT WOS:000297006500011 ER PT S AU Von Der Lippe, CM Liu, JJ AF Von Der Lippe, Christian M. Liu, J. Jiang BE Kamerman, GW Turner, MD TI Optical fuzing technology - art. no. 62140D SO Laser Radar Technology and Applications XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XI CY APR 19-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE optoelectronic sensor; optical fuze; VCSEL; MSM photodetector AB Advanced optical fuze (OF) technology based on high-performance optoelectronic sensor is developed for munitions applications. The compact and robust design of the OF employed high-power vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), the metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors, SiGe ASIC driver, miniature optics, and the corresponding electronic signal processors. Mounted on the front of the projectile, the laser transmitter sends out a highly collimated beam that is amplitude modulated with a chirped RF signal. The reflected optical signal from the target is picked up by the photoreceiver on the projectile which also has its electrical bias modulated at the same time-dependent operational frequency as the transmitted optical signal. The on-board signal processor heterodynes both transmitted and the delayed optical waveforms and generates an intermediate frequency corresponding to the time delay due to the travel time of the light. Further measurement of the mixed signals yields directly the range information of the target. C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, AMSRD, AAR,AEP, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Von Der Lippe, CM (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, AMSRD, AAR,AEP, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6270-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6214 BP D2140 EP D2140 AR 62140D DI 10.1117/12.665630 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BES20 UT WOS:000239256800013 ER PT S AU Redman, BC Stann, B Lawler, W Giza, M Dammann, J Ruff, W Potter, W Driggers, RG Garcia, J Wilson, J Krapels, K AF Redman, Brian C. Stann, Barry Lawler, William Giza, Mark Dammann, John Ruff, William Potter, William Driggers, Ronald G. Garcia, Jose Wilson, John Krapels, Keith BE Kamerman, GW Turner, MD TI Chirped AM ladar for anti-ship missile tracking and force protection 3D imaging: Update - art. no. 62140O SO Laser Radar Technology and Applications XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XI CY APR 19-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE ladar; lidar; fm-cw; chirped AM; range-Doppler; tracking; 3D imaging; cruise missile; force protection; IRST ID LASER-RADAR AB Shipboard infrared search and track (IRST) systems can detect sea-skimming anti-ship missiles at long ranges. Since IRST systems cannot measure range and line-of-sight velocity, they have difficulty distinguishing missiles from slowly moving false targets and clutter. In a joint Army-Navy program, the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is developing a chirped amplitude modulation ladar to provide range and velocity measurements for tracking of targets handed over to it by the distributed aperture system IRST (DAS-IRST) under development at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) under Office of Naval Research (ONR) sponsorship. By using an array receiver based on Intevac Inc.'s Electron Bombarded Active Pixel Sensor (EBAPS) operating near 1.5 mu m wavelength, ARL's ladar also provides 3D imagery of potential threats in support of the force protection mission. In Phase I, ARL designed and built a breadboard ladar system for proof-of-principle static platform field tests. In Phase 11, ARL is improving the ladar system to process and display 3D imagery and range-Doppler plots in near real-time, to re-register frames in near real-time to compensate for platform and target lateral motions during data acquisition, and to operate with better quality EBAPS tubes with higher quantum efficiency and better response spatial uniformity. The chirped AM ladar theory, breadboard design, performance model results, and initial breadboard preliminary test results were presented last year at this conference. T his paper presents the results of tests at the Navy's Chesapeake Bay Detachment facility. The improvements to the ladar breadboard since last year are also presented. C1 USA, Res Lab, ARL, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Redman, BC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, ARL, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6270-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6214 BP O2140 EP O2140 AR 62140O DI 10.1117/12.666961 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BES20 UT WOS:000239256800023 ER PT S AU Redman, B Ruff, W Giza, M AF Redman, Brian Ruff, William Giza, Mark BE Kamerman, GW Turner, MD TI Photon counting chirped AM ladar: Concept, simulation, and initial experimental results - art. no. 62140P SO Laser Radar Technology and Applications XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XI CY APR 19-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE ladar; lidar; laser radar; fm-cw; chirped AM; 3D imaging; photon counting; Geiger-mode; avalanche photodiode; APD ID LASER-RADAR AB In ARL's current chirped amplitude modulation (AM) ladar prototypes using unity gain solid state detectors, amplifier noise limits the receiver sensitivity. This noise is well above the signal shot noise limit. We are developing a method using Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (Gm-APD) photon counting detectors in the chirped AM ladar receiver to yield sensitivities approaching the signal shot noise limit. This method is based on the fact that the chirped AM waveform that modulates the transmitted laser power also modulates the average photon arrival rate at the receiver with a delay corresponding to the round-trip time between the transceiver and the target. We present the concept, and computer and electronic simulation results for ARL's chirped AM ladar operating with a photon counting receiver. We also present the design and initial results of the proof-of-principle laboratory optical experiment that we recently performed. The simulation and experimental results predict significant improvements in the ladar's receiver sensitivity. C1 USA, Res Lab, ARL, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Redman, B (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, ARL, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6270-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6214 BP P2140 EP P2140 AR 62140P DI 10.1117/12.667117 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BES20 UT WOS:000239256800024 ER PT S AU Newburgh, GA Dubinskii, M AF Newburgh, G. Alex Dubinskii, M. BE Wood, GL Dubinskii, MA TI Thermal management of solid state lasers using optical quality silicon carbide - art. no. 62160G SO Laser Source and System Technology for Defense and Security II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Source and System Technology for Defense and Security II CY APR 17-18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE AB We have demonstrated to for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that Silicon Carbide (SiC) may be used as an efficient heat sinking material for face cooling of gain media in solid-state lasers. Comparative thermal modeling and temperature distribution measurements of diode-pumped 4 at.% Nd: YAG ceramic laser medium face cooled by undoped YAG (as a baseline), Diamond and SiC lead to the conclusion that SiC is an effective replacement for much more expensive diamond as an intracavity face cooling material. Laser performance of a SiC face-cooled 4 at.% Nd:YAG ceramic press-fit stack was demonstrated with a 24% slope efficiency with no AR coatings between the SiC and YAG. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SEEO, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Newburgh, GA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SEEO, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6272-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6216 BP G2160 EP G2160 AR 62160G DI 10.1117/12.667975 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BES22 UT WOS:000239259500014 ER PT S AU Dubinskii, M Simmons, JA Michael, A Newburgh, GA Merkle, LD AF Dubinskii, Mark Simmons, Jed A. Michael, A. Newburgh, G. Alex Merkle, Larry D. BE Wood, GL Dubinskii, MA TI High-power diode-pumped laser based on Yb3+: Y2O3 ceramic - art. no. 62160I SO Laser Source and System Technology for Defense and Security II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Source and System Technology for Defense and Security II CY APR 17-18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE laser; solid-state; ceramic; diode-pumped; quasi-CW; fiber-coupled AB We have performed a laser evaluation of the Yb3+-doped Y2O3 ceramic laser material. The Q-CW output power in excess of 30 W was obtained with the slope efficiency of 47.3%. This output power is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest reported so far for diode-pumped Yb3+-doped Y2O3 laser. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SEEO, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Dubinskii, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SEEO, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6272-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6216 BP I2160 EP I2160 AR 62160I DI 10.1117/12.667972 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BES22 UT WOS:000239259500016 ER PT J AU Sliney, DH AF Sliney, DH TI Scattered light exposure of the eye during periorbital laser treatments SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY APR 05-09, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Gunpowder, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2006 SU 18 MA 26 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 027JY UT WOS:000236412900027 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI My battle of Algiers: A memoir. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 131 IS 1 BP 131 EP 131 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 003GW UT WOS:000234670800261 ER PT J AU Song, JW Lee, BL AF Song, J. W. Lee, B. L. ('Les') BE Bhatnagar, A TI Fabrics and composites for ballistic protection of personnel SO LIGHTWEIGHT BALLISTIC COMPOSITES: MILITARY AND LAW-ENFORCEMENT APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STRENGTH POLYETHYLENE FILAMENTS; GRAPHITE-EPOXY; LAMINATED KEVLAR; ELASTIC-MODULUS; VELOCITY IMPACT; PENETRATION; MODEL; PROJECTILES; DELAMINATION; INDENTATION C1 [Song, J. W.] USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, AMSRD NSC IP B, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Lee, B. L. ('Les')] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Song, JW (reprint author), USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, AMSRD NSC IP B, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM john.song@natick.army.mil; ByungLip.Lee@afosr.af.mil NR 95 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-85573-941-3 PY 2006 BP 210 EP 239 D2 10.1533/9781845691554 PG 30 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BNE79 UT WOS:000274290300008 ER PT J AU Scott, BR AF Scott, B. R. BE Bhatnagar, A TI New ballistic products and technologies SO LIGHTWEIGHT BALLISTIC COMPOSITES: MILITARY AND LAW-ENFORCEMENT APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Directorate, Survivabil Mat Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Scott, BR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Directorate, Survivabil Mat Branch, Bldg 4600, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM bscott@arl.army.mil NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-85573-941-3 PY 2006 BP 336 EP 363 D2 10.1533/9781845691554 PG 28 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BNE79 UT WOS:000274290300012 ER PT S AU Nelson, RC Green, CV Sergatskov, DA Duncan, RV AF Nelson, Raymond C. Green, C. V. Sergatskov, D. A. Duncan, R. V. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI Magnetic properties of Pd0.996Mn0.004 films for high resolution thermometry SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE magnetic thermometry; thin films AB We have previously reported on the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of thin Pd1-xMnx alloy films(1). Extensive new measurements on sputtered films show that a commercial quality sputtering process produces a film with the same dependence of Curie temperature on x as previously reported for bulk samples of the same material(2,3). These measurements and parameters from the Renormalization Group theory for a Heisenberg ferromagnet(4), yield an estimate for T-c of 1.16 +/- 0.01 K when x = 0.004, consistent with previously reported bulk results. C1 [Nelson, Raymond C.] US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Green, C. V.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Duncan, R. V.] Condensed Matter Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Sergatskov, D. A.; Duncan, R. V.] Univ New Mexico, Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Nelson, RC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, West Point, NY 10996 USA. FU NASA JPL [960494]; Office of the Dean; United States Military Academy; Caltech as a Moore Distinguished Scholar FX This work was funded by NASA JPL grant number 960494, and by the Office of the Dean, United States Military Academy. RVD acknowledges support at Caltech as a Moore Distinguished Scholar. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 1123 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400506 ER PT J AU Peponis, V Kyttaris, VC Tyradellis, C Vergados, I Sitaras, NM AF Peponis, V Kyttaris, VC Tyradellis, C Vergados, I Sitaras, NM TI Ocular manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: a clinical review SO LUPUS LA English DT Review DE antimalarials; keratoconjunctivitis sicca; retina; scleritis; systemic lupus erythematosus ID RETINAL VASCULAR-DISEASE; ACQUIRED BROWNS-SYNDROME; OPTIC NEURITIS; ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES; HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE TOXICITY; PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY; CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS; INITIAL PRESENTATION; ANTIMALARIAL AGENTS; SJOGRENS-SYNDROME AB Although the eye itself is regarded an 'immune-privileged' organ, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can affect every ocular structure, leading, if left untreated, to significant visual loss or even blindness. Since ocular inflammation in SLE can antedate the diagnosis of the systemic disease and cause significant morbidity, prompt diagnosis and treatment of the underlying systemic autoimmune disease is imperative. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Athens, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, GR-11527 Athens, Greece. Univ Athens, Sch Med, Eye Clin 2, GR-11527 Athens, Greece. RP Kyttaris, VC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Room 1N72, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM vasileios.kyttaris@na.amedd.army.mil NR 131 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU HODDER ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0961-2033 J9 LUPUS JI Lupus PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1191/0961203306lu2250rr PG 10 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 014YL UT WOS:000235516800002 PM 16482739 ER PT J AU Kyttaris, VC Wang, Y Juang, YT Weinstein, A Tsokos, GC AF Kyttaris, V. C. Wang, Y. Juang, Y-T Weinstein, A. Tsokos, G. C. TI cAMP response element modulator alpha expression in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus SO LUPUS LA English DT Article DE corticosteroids; CREM; lupus; T cells; transcription factors ID T-CELLS; IL-2 PRODUCTION; INTERLEUKIN-2; BINDING; GENE; SLE AB T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have high levels of cAMP response element modulator (CREM)-alpha which bind to the interleukin (IL-2) promoter and limit IL-2 production. In this case-controlled study, we show that CREM-a mRNA levels were higher in T cells from patients with SLE than controls while CREB mRNA levels did not differ between the two groups. CREM-a mRNA levels did not correlate with clinical characteristics, disease activity or treatment. Nevertheless, there was a trend for patients on high doses of corticosteroids to have low levels of CREM-alpha mRNA. The discovery of specific non-toxic medications that block the expression of CREM-alpha may prove useful in reversing the aberrant T cell function in SLE. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Washington Hosp Ctr, Rheumatol Sect, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Bldg 503,Robert Grant Ave,Room 1A32, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM gtsokos@gmail.com FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI49954, R01 AI42269] NR 15 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0961-2033 J9 LUPUS JI Lupus PY 2006 VL 15 IS 12 BP 840 EP 844 DI 10.1177/0961203306069985 PG 5 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 119AR UT WOS:000242985100002 PM 17211988 ER PT J AU Cox, JH deSouza, M Ratto-Kim, S Ferrari, G Weinhold, KJ Birx, DL AF Cox, Josephine H. deSouza, Mark Ratto-Kim, Silvia Ferrari, Guido Weinhold, Kent J. Birx, Deborah L. BE Detrick, B Hamilton, RG Folds, JD TI Cellular Immune Assays for Evaluation of Vaccine Efficacy SO MANUAL OF MOLECULAR AND CLINICAL LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY, 7TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID T-LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSPOT; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; CYTOKINE FLOW-CYTOMETRY; HIV TYPE-1 INFECTION; CLINICAL-TRIALS; AIDS VACCINE; PROLIFERATIVE RESPONSES; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; SERONEGATIVE THAIS C1 [Cox, Josephine H.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [deSouza, Mark; Ratto-Kim, Silvia] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, US Mil HIV Res Program, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Birx, Deborah L.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Ferrari, Guido; Weinhold, Kent J.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Cox, JH (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, US Mil HIV Res Program, 13 Taft Court, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RI Ferrari, Guido/A-6088-2015 NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-364-2 PY 2006 BP 301 EP 314 PG 14 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA BOX98 UT WOS:000277993100036 ER PT J AU Strong, JE Grolla, A Jahrling, PB Feldmann, H AF Strong, James E. Grolla, Allen Jahrling, Peter B. Feldmann, Heinz BE Detrick, B Hamilton, RG Folds, JD TI Filoviruses and Arenaviruses SO MANUAL OF MOLECULAR AND CLINICAL LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY, 7TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; VIRUS NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; EBOLA HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; LASSA-VIRUS; RAPID DETECTION; JUNIN VIRUS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; ANTIBODIES; DIAGNOSIS C1 [Strong, James E.; Grolla, Allen; Feldmann, Heinz] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Special Pathogens Program, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. [Strong, James E.] Univ Manitoba, Hlth Sci Ctr, Childrens Hosp, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. [Jahrling, Peter B.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Feldmann, Heinz] Univ Manitoba, Dept Med Microbiol, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. RP Strong, JE (reprint author), Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Special Pathogens Program, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-364-2 PY 2006 BP 774 EP 790 PG 17 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA BOX98 UT WOS:000277993100088 ER PT J AU Grabenstein, JD Nevin, RL AF Grabenstein, J. D. Nevin, R. L. TI Mass immunization programs: Principles and standards SO MASS VACCINATION: GLOBAL ASPECTS - PROGRESS AND OBSTACLES SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; VACCINATION PROGRAM; MILITARY MEDICINE; HEPATITIS-B; CAMPAIGNS; VACCINES; MENINGITIS; EXPERIENCE; EPIDEMIC; COVERAGE AB Mass immunization involves delivering immunizations to a large number of people at one or more locations in a short interval of time. Good mass immunization programs apply planning and quality standards that maximize return on resources invested and provide the greatest individual benefits when immunizing many people in a short period of time. These programs can be used to counter contagious outbreaks, adopted as a repeated means of sustained healthcare delivery, or applied where many people move through a specific place in a short interval of time. Relevant quality standards address appropriate facilities and supplies, training of professional and paraprofessional staff, education of potential vaccinees and methods to screen them for contraindications to immunization, safeguards against anaphylaxis and syncope, documentation, safety surveillance, and a quality-improvement program. Successful mass immunization programs require early planning that builds on existing competencies. As the number of available vaccines increases, prioritizing which vaccines to administer during mass campaigns requires consideration of effectiveness, safety, and a cost-benefit equation from both the individual and community perspectives. Mass immunization campaigns aim to maximize the health of a population, but such campaigns need to be customized based on individual contraindications to immunization. Mass immunization programs need to be conducted ethically, with considerations of benefit versus risk and the need for detailed education of healthcare workers and vaccinees. C1 USA, Mil Vaccine Agcy, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. USA, Army Med Surveillance Act, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Grabenstein, JD (reprint author), USA, Mil Vaccine Agcy, 5113 Leesburg Pike,Suite 402, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. EM john.grabenstein@us.army.mil OI Nevin, Remington/0000-0002-0534-1889 NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2006 VL 304 BP 31 EP 51 PG 21 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BFJ90 UT WOS:000242419300003 PM 16989263 ER PT S AU Houtsma, AJM Keuning, H AF Houtsma, Adrianus J. M. Keuning, Hilde BE Westwood, JD Haluck, RS Hoffman, HM Mogel, GT Phillips, R Robb, RA Vosburgh, KG TI Can Augmented Force Feedback Facilitate Virtual Target Acquisition Tasks? SO MEDICINE MEETS VIRTUAL REALITY 14 SE Studies in Health Technology and Informatics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conference on Medicine Meets Virtual Reality CY JAN 24-27, 2006 CL Long Beach, CA DE Target acquisition; Force Feedback; Augmented Reality AB This study investigates facilitation of a manual target acquisition task by the application of appropriate force feedback through the control device (e.g., mouse, joystick, trackball). Typical manual movements with these devices were measured, and models of such movements were used to predict an intended target location from an initial portion of a trace. Preferred shapes and sizes for feedback force functions to be applied were empirically determined by collecting preference ratings and measuring task completion times. The general experimental task that is typical for an office situation, but findings appear generalizable to some medical and surgical situations (e.g. laparoscopy, catheterization) where a certain target has to be reached whose precise location may be known or unknown. C1 [Houtsma, Adrianus J. M.] USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Houtsma, AJM (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Bldg 6901, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9630 BN 978-1-58603-583-9 J9 ST HEAL T PY 2006 VL 119 BP 207 EP 212 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA BKZ61 UT WOS:000269690200045 PM 16404046 ER PT S AU Duggirala, R Polcawich, R Zakar, E Dubey, M Li, H Lal, A AF Duggirala, R Polcawich, R Zakar, E Dubey, M Li, H Lal, A GP IEEE TI MEMS radioisotope-powered piezoelectric mu-power generator (RPG) SO MEMS 2006: 19TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2006) CY JAN 22-26, 2006 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB We present a microfabricated die-scale Radioisotope-powered Piezoelectric p-power Generator (RPG) with nuclear to electrical conversion efficiency as high as 3.7%. The generator employs direct charging to convert radiated beta-particle kinetic energy into stored electromechanical energy in a piezoelectric unimorph, and piezoelectricity to convert the stored mechanical energy into extractable electrical energy. The generator goes through a charge-discharge-vibrate cycle, integrating the energy collected during the charging phase. This enables high power output (1.13 mu W peak across a 90 k Omega load impedance) for a short time (10 s) during the vibration cycle, even with radioactive film emitting only 100 nW of continuous power. C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lal@ece.cornell.edu FU DARPA-MTO under the RIMS; U. S. Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center FX This work was supported by DARPA-MTO under the RIMS program, and contracted under the U. S. Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 0-7803-9475-5 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2006 BP 94 EP 97 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEE74 UT WOS:000236994500024 ER PT J AU Tunick, A AF Tunick, A TI A radiation and energy budget algorithm for forest canopies SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLOSURE-MODEL; FLOW; VEGETATION; ATMOSPHERE; SIMULATION; SPEED AB Previously, it was shown that a one-dimensional, physics-based (conservation-law) computer model can provide a useful mathematical representation of the wind flow, temperatures, and turbulence inside and above a uniform forest stand. A key element of this calculation was a radiation and energy budget algorithm (implemented to predict the heat source). However, to keep the earlier publication brief, a full description of the radiation and energy budget algorithm was not given. Hence, this paper presents our equation set for calculating the incoming total radiation at the canopy top as well as the transmission, reflection, absorption, and emission of the solar flux through a forest stand. In addition, example model output is presented from three interesting numerical experiments, which were conducted to simulate the canopy microclimate for a forest stand that borders the Blossom Point Field Test Facility (located near La Plata, Maryland along the Potomac River). It is anticipated that the current numerical study will be useful to researchers and experimental planners who will be collecting acoustic and meteorological data at the Blossom Point Facility in the near future. C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tunick, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM atunick@arl.army.mil NR 28 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 91 IS 1-4 BP 237 EP 246 DI 10.1007/s00703-005-0145-8 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 000RQ UT WOS:000234480500016 ER PT S AU Darwish, A Farmer, T Ali, K Zaghloul, M Hung, HA Viveiros, E AF Darwish, Ali Farmer, Tom Ali, Kamal Zaghloul, Mona Hung, H. A. Viveiros, E. BE George, T Cheng, ZY TI Integration of MEMS phase shifters with CMOS control circuitry - art. no. 622303 SO Micro (MEMS) and Nanotechnologies for Space Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro (MEMS) and Nanotechnologies for Space Applications CY APR 19-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE AB A CMOS digital microcircuit, utilizing sub-micron technology, was designed for the purpose of providing integrated control circuitry to an array of high-voltage micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) switch based phase shifter devices. The grid of MEMS phase shifters is part of a phased array antenna system. The phase of each element of the array is controlled via the CMOS microcircuit. This paper presents the design, physical layout, and the measured test results for CMOS digital control circuit that has been fabricated using the MOSIS Integrated Circuit Fabrication Service. The circuit converts serial data to parallel outputs to reduce number of control lines and lower the cost of wiring the phased array. In addition, discrete digital control circuitry for loading phase shifts into each MEMS device is presented. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Darwish, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6279-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6223 BP 22303 EP 22303 AR 622303 DI 10.1117/12.666102 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BES61 UT WOS:000239303900002 ER PT B AU Sucec, J Unger, J Chang, K Samtani, S Russell, B Biagini, B Staikos, A AF Sucec, John Unger, John Chang, Kirk Samtani, Sunil Russell, Brian Biagini, Bill Staikos, Aristides GP IEEE TI Evaluation of an automated OSPF area design utility for wireless battlefield networks SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB To achieve a scalable Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing domain, an OSPF autonomous system is partitioned into a number of non-backbone areas interconnected by a backbone area. While the design of scalable OSPF domains represents a network engineering challenge that is important to both civilian and military environments, very little has been published about how the process of OSPF area design can be automated and optimized An exception to this is the Dynamic Domain Optimization Agent (DDOA) - A novel network design agent that has been proposed to automate the assignment of links to OSPF areas and the selection of area border routers (ABRs). This paper describes extensions to earlier work on DDOA and reports the results of new OSPF area design If experiments. Specifically,. the results demonstrate the capability of DDOA to compute OSPF area designs that simultaneously satisfy multiple routing domain goals and constraints. Among the performance metrics considered include link state advertisement (LSA) control overhead, area diameters, backbone area loading, degree of ABR diversity and area node count. The OSPF area design experiments were conducted on a diverse set of network topologies consisting of node counts ranging up to more than 250 nodes. Furthermore, the experiments were performed with actual prototype code that can be integrated into network planning tools and dynamic network management agent software. C1 [Sucec, John; Unger, John; Chang, Kirk; Samtani, Sunil] Telcordia Technol, 1 Telcordia Dr, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Russell, Brian; Biagini, Bill] Gen Dynam C4 Syst, Taunton, MA 02780 USA. [Staikos, Aristides] US Army, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Sucec, J (reprint author), Telcordia Technol, 1 Telcordia Dr, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. FU U.S. Army CERDEC [W15P7T-04-C-P022] FX This material was based upon work supported by U.S. Army CERDEC under Contract No. W15P7T-04-C-P022 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 792 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601001039 ER PT B AU Satorius, E Wu, YW Kosinski, J AF Satorius, Edgar Wu, Ying-Wah Kosinski, John GP IEEE TI Application of time-frequency analysis to finite duration communication signals SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID DESIGN AB In this paper, an evaluation of time-frequency analysis techniques is presented as applied to the detection of finite duration communication signals. This class of signals includes both phase and amplitude modulated, pulsed signals. Time-frequency analysis based on quadratic distributions are of particular importance in analyzing these signals since this class covers the most common types of time-frequency analysis techniques. Typical performance criteria used in the design of time-frequency distributions include high frequency resolution as well as suppression of cross modulation products that are present in a multi-component signal environment. In addition to these criteria, we are also interested in the time resolution properties of these algorithms. The ultimate goal of this work is to determine the best time-frequency algorithms for a given application based on both performance and computational considerations. C1 [Satorius, Edgar] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Wu, Ying-Wah; Kosinski, John] US Army, I2WD, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Satorius, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM satorius@jpl.nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 891 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601001054 ER PT B AU Millender, S Wagner, GC AF Millender, Susan Wagner, Gregory C. GP IEEE TI Tactical frequency management in QoS-enabled networks SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The Department of Defense will deploy the first generation of future force communications networks and battle command systems over the next several years. These future force systems will have the ability to characterize and meter their offered traffic based on priority using quality of service architectures such as differentiated services and integrated services. This implementation of quality of service will allow future communications networks to process offered traffic under congestion conditions according to Commanders policy and traffic priority. Network congestion can arise from a combination of reduced transmission performance or increased offered load, or both. Transmission performance, in turn, can be dramatically affected by the presence of interference. Frequency assignment systems and procedures in use today seek to prevent interference, and thus degraded transmission performance, by assigning transmission frequencies that reduce or eliminate the interference potential. This is usually accomplished based exclusively on interference thresholds that compare potential interfering energy with signal or internal noise thresholds. QoS-enabled networks may have a higher degree of interference "tolerance " because overall network performance for higher priority traffic flows may not be impacted by the interference. This paper describes how a QoS-enabled network might tolerate higher interference thresholds and thus enable tighter frequency reuse. It also offers suggestions for additional areas of study related to this subject. C1 [Millender, Susan] USA, PM WIN T, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. [Wagner, Gregory C.] Incept Consulting Inc, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Millender, S (reprint author), USA, PM WIN T, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 917 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601001058 ER PT B AU Lucchesi, WM AF Lucchesi, Walter M. GP IEEE TI Engineering C4ISR architecture based solutions for the 21st century: Are we making progress? SO MILCOM 2006, Vols 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB This paper discusses an architecture based engineering solution of achieving Command, Control, Communication, Computer, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) interoperability and several challenges. This paper addresses the problem space from a System Engineering & analyst viewpoint and uses the object-oriented (OO) Unified Modeling Language (UML) as the model representation of the architectural artifacts described in the DAF. The utilization of the three new diagrams (i.e. Composite, Interaction & timing) which have been introduced in UML version 2 are discussed and integrated into the SoS Analysis approach discussed Finally, the paper concludes with several areas of potential research for the future. C1 USA, CERDEC S&TCD, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Lucchesi, WM (reprint author), USA, CERDEC S&TCD, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 1294 EP 1300 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601002035 ER PT B AU Khurana, S Kim, GT Elaoud, M Samtani, S Staikos, A AF Khurana, Sumit Kim, Gi Tae Elaoud, Moncef Samtani, Sunil Staikos, Aristides GP IEEE TI Performance evaluation of a Unicast Routing Control Agent for proactive diverse link selection SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Routing within a single Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) area is completely determined by computing shortest paths on a topology graph. In conventional routing the link cost assigned to each edge on the graph is statically determined a-priori before the network is deployed. If subsequently, link quality degrades or alternate links become available, routing paths may become sub-optimal. The Unicast Routing Control Agent (URCA) being developed as a part of the PILSNER program dynamically changes link costs reacting to dynamic network conditions. The goals of URCA are two-fold: 1) To ensure that links are evenly loaded. URCA attempts to set link costs that ensure that most links are utilized for carrying traffic. This has the result of maximizing the effective capacity or increasing the number of users that can be supported by a given network infrastructure. 2) To ensure that the effect of soft link failures is minimized. In dynamic tactical environment with wireless links, link quality can be degraded due to congestion, blockage, mobility etc. URCA tries to route around degraded links ensuring that critical sessions are not degraded increasing the chances of a successful mission. These goals must be balanced against frequent network routing re-configuration which can be disruptive and oscillations where traffic moves back and forth between a set of links due to the reconfiguration. This paper describes the functionality of the Unicast Routing Control Agent. We discuss the challenges that must be addressed in designing an effective heuristic. We report results from a simulation study to evaluate the performance gains, such as the increase in aggregate throughput, from deploying URCA compared to the case where conventional routing is used Our simulation experiments show that using URCA can greatly enhance throughput, and reduce delay and packet loss when deployed in a wireless tactical network. C1 [Khurana, Sumit; Kim, Gi Tae; Elaoud, Moncef; Samtani, Sunil] Telcordia Technol, Appl Res, 1 Telcordia Dr, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Staikos, Aristides] US Army, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Khurana, S (reprint author), Telcordia Technol, Appl Res, 1 Telcordia Dr, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. FU U.S. Army CERDEC [W15P7T-04-C-P022] FX This material was based upon work supported by U.S. Army CERDEC under Contract No. W15P7T-04-C-P022. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 1362 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601002046 ER PT B AU Li, JH Luo, S Das, S McAuley, T Patel, M Staikos, A Gerla, M AF Li, Jason H. Luo, Song Das, Subir McAuley, Tony Patel, Mitesh Staikos, Aristides Gerla, Mario GP IEEE TI An integrated framework for seamless soft handoff in ad hoc networks SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB We present an integrated architecture for seamless soft handoff in mobile ad hoe networks, where various managers residing on multiple layers are proposed to tackle handoff issues in a cross-layer and cooperative manner. At the link adaptation layer, the virtual interface provides link transparency to the upper layers and session management is handled at the interface manager. At the network layer, most IP-based ad hoc routing protocols can be accommodated. At the transport layer, the transport manager is instructed by the interface manager to adapt the transmission rate according to the new wireless link. Finally, at the application layer, the security manager handles various aspects of security concerns. Simulation results show that our approach can deliver low packet loss, low latency, and smooth handoff solutions with minimum packet overhead. Further, our research on IEEE 802.21 reveals that current Media Independent Handover (MIH) may serve as a component in our integrated architecture. In conclusion, our work represents the first complete solution that provides seamless soft handoff in ad hoc networks with minimum service disruption. C1 [Li, Jason H.; Luo, Song] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Das, Subir; McAuley, Tony] Telcordia Technol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Patel, Mitesh; Staikos, Aristides] US Army, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. [Gerla, Mario] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Comp, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Li, JH (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD USA. FU Army SBIR program [WI 5P7T-06-CB604] FX This research was funded under the Army SBIR program, contract number WI 5P7T-06-CB604. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 1510 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601002068 ER PT B AU Ransbottom, JS Jacoby, GA AF Ransbottom, J. Scot Jacoby, Grant A. GP IEEE TI Monitoring mobile device vitals for effective reporting (ER) SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB This paper outlines how to proactively screen the health of a corporate network and perform first aid by systematically monitoring vital signs of mobile devices within the network. The first contribution is the set of vital signs consisting of event activities such as registry content changes, active processes, open ports, power usage thresholds, and power signatures (using the Battery-Based Intrusion Detection system [1]) to detect and prevent system intrusions. These vital signs are periodically reported back to a monitor using agents we designed for effective reporting (ER). These ER agents are installed in hosts and routers throughout the network. To minimize communications overhead, we achieve a size reduction of the raw, XML health reports by over 98% in a short-list, delta-set update. As a result, a 1.07MB update was reduced to only 3,756B. These updates are received by the ER monitor(s) and analyzed using existing intrusion detection and prevention systems providing a means to diagnose and isolate potential health hazards within the network that are not perceptible to individual devices. C1 [Ransbottom, J. Scot; Jacoby, Grant A.] US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Ransbottom, JS (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 1616 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601003002 ER PT B AU McAuley, A Manousakis, K Sterne, D Gopaul, R Kruus, P AF McAuley, Anthony Manousakis, Kyriakos Sterne, Dan Gopaul, Richard Kruus, Peter GP IEEE TI Creating and maintaining a good intrusion detection hierarchy in dynamic ad hoc networks SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Many insider attacks, such as certain forms of packet dropping, malicious routing updates, and wormholes, can only be detected using distributed and cooperative algorithms. One promising approach for applying these algorithms is using an intrusion detection (ID) hierarchy enabling data aggregation and local decision making whenever possible. A key challenge to this problem is the selection and maintenance of a scalable and robust hierarchy optimizing detection performance (e.g., latency, coverage, and false alarm rate) while incurring minimal cost (e.g., bandwidth and processing). Existing approaches (i.e. flooding for forming a Breadth First Search Tree) to constructing such a hierarchy are 'simple and distributed; however, their performance and cost can be undesirable. Moreover, mobility can produce constant large scale changes in the hierarchy that degrade performance and increase cost. The main contributions of this paper are to: a) model the performance and costs of ID hierarchies and represent them in formal objective functions and constraints, b) modify an existing versatile, multi-objective hierarchy generation and maintenance tool to create trees, c) give simulation results on the quality and stability of ID hierarchies in a 100-node mobile network. C1 [McAuley, Anthony; Manousakis, Kyriakos] Telcordia Technol, 1 Telcordia Dr, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Sterne, Dan; Kruus, Peter] Sparta Syst Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Gopaul, Richard] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP McAuley, A (reprint author), Telcordia Technol, 1 Telcordia Dr, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory under the Collaborative Technology Alliance (CTA) Program [DAAD19-2-01-001 1] FX Prepared through collaborative participation in the Communications and Networks Consortium sponsored by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory under the Collaborative Technology Alliance (CTA) Program, Cooperative Agreement DAAD19-2-01-001 1. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 1629 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601003004 ER PT B AU Geirhofer, S Tong, L Sadler, B AF Geirhofer, Stefan Tong, Lang Sadler, Brian GP IEEE TI A measurement-based model for dynamic spectrum access in WLAN channels SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB In this paper we consider dynamically sharing the spectrum in the time-domain by exploiting whitespace between the bursty transmissions of a set of users, represented by an 802.11b based wireless LAN (WLAN). Realizing that exploiting the under-utilization of the channel requires a good model of the these users' medium access, we propose a continuous-time semiMarkov model that captures the WLAN's behavior yet remains tractable enough to be used for deriving optimal control strategies within a decision-theoretic framework. Our model is based on actual measurements in the 2.4 GHz ISM band using a vector signal analyzer to collect complex baseband data. We explore two different sensing strategies to identify spectrum opportunities depending on whether the primary user's transmission scheme is known. The collected data is used to statistically characterize the idle and busy periods of the channel. Furthermore, we show that a continuous-time semiMarkov model is able to capture the data with good accuracy. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is used to validate the model and to assess the model's goodness-of-fit quantitatively. A conclusion summarizes the main results of the paper. C1 [Geirhofer, Stefan; Tong, Lang] Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sadler, Brian] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Geirhofer, S (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM sg355@cornell.edu; lt35@cornell.edu; bsadler@arl.army.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 1785 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601003028 ER PT B AU Hicks, J Hannan, D Parikh, B Fritz, D AF Hicks, Jay Hannan, Dan Parikh, Bharat Fritz, David GP IEEE TI Transformational IP services over transponded SATCOM (TIPSOTS): An architectural perspective SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The Army has fielded MF-TDMA modems such as iDirect's Net Modem II and Viasat's Linkway to make more efficient use of expensive, commercial leased SATCOM capacity. Under direction from OSD/NII, DoD is working to develop a single standard for such shared access IP modems for use over existing Military Satellites and the soon to be launched Wideband Gapfiller System (WGS). These "IP-modems" enable network-centric capabilities similar to those envisioned for the Transformational Satellite (TSAT) program, including demand assigned multiple access, QoS-based allocation of resources and constellation wide improvements in utilization, through integrated network management. Based on these developments, ARSTRAT, the WGS SSE, has developed the TIPSOTS CONOPS, which provides a foundation for network-centric communications over Wideband MILSATCOM. This paper describes TIPSOTS from an architectural perspective. TIPSOTS architectural concepts break with the traditional view of SATCOM as separate from the "network." The integrated view of IP over Satellite networking, motivates changes to the current approach to operations and management. C1 [Hicks, Jay] USA, PM DCATS, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. [Hannan, Dan] Army Strategic Command, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Parikh, Bharat] AASKI Technol Inc, Wayside, NJ USA. [Fritz, David] AASKI Technol Inc, Columbia, MD USA. RP Hicks, J (reprint author), USA, PM DCATS, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 1834 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601003035 ER PT B AU Xu, ZY Swami, A Sadler, BM AF Xu, Zhengyuan Swami, Ananthram Sadler, Brian M. GP IEEE TI Performance study of a high-rate multiuser transmitted reference ultra-wideband transceiver SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID COMMUNICATION-SYSTEMS; UWB; RECEIVERS; CHANNELS AB Inheriting all merits of a multiuser transmitted reference (MTR) ultra-wideband (UWB) transceiver, a biorthogonal MTR (BO-MTR) transceiver for high data-rate communication has been recently reported. It utilizes 4-ary biorthogonal signaling to carry two bits of each user's information in amplitude and position of the data pulse simultaneously. Assisted by a simple coding scheme, both bits are independently decoded using low complexity correlators whose templates are obtained from aggregated reference signals spanning multiple symbol intervals. This paper further studies its performance in different scenarios. In a multipath-free fading scenario, the receiver's symbol error rate (SER) performance is shown to be optimal while no complex joint detection of two bits is necessary, and the bit error rate (BER) performance of each detector is balanced. For multipath channels, when channel parameters are either deterministic and estimated with errors, or random in Rician distribution, the Chernoff bounds are derived for BER of each detector A much tighter bound is also provided according to the property of the complementary Gaussian distribution function. C1 [Xu, Zhengyuan] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Elect Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Swami, Ananthram; Sadler, Brian M.] Army Res Lab, AMSRD ARL CI CN, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Xu, ZY (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Elect Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM dxu@ee.ucr.edu; aswami@arl.army.mil; bsadler@arl.army.mil FU U. S. Army Research Laboratory under the Collaborative Technology Alliance Program [DAAD19-01-2-0011] FX Prepared through collaborative participation in the Communications and Networks Consortium sponsored by the U. S. Army Research Laboratory under the Collaborative Technology Alliance Program, Cooperative Agreement DAAD19-01-2-0011. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 1869 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601003041 ER PT B AU Chen, YX Zhao, Q Swami, A AF Chen, Yunxia Zhao, Qing Swami, Ananthram GP IEEE TI Distributed cognitive MAC for energy-constrained opportunistic spectrum access SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB We address the design of distributed cognitive medium access control (MAC) protocols for opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) under an energy constraint on the secondary users. The objective is to maximize the expected number of information bits that can be delivered by a secondary user during its battery lifetime without causing interference to primary users. By absorbing the residual energy level of the secondary user into the state space, we formulate the energy-constrained OSA problem as an unconstrained partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) and obtain the optimal spectrum sensing and access policy. We analyze and reduce the computational complexity of the optimal policy. We also propose a suboptimal solution to energy-constrained OSA, whose computational complexity can be systematically traded off with its performance. Numerical examples are provided to study the impact of spectrum occupancy dynamics, channel fading statistics, and energy consumption characteristics of the secondary user on the optimal sensing and access decisions. C1 [Chen, Yunxia; Zhao, Qing] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 94536 USA. [Swami, Ananthram] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chen, YX (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 94536 USA. EM yxchen@ece.ucdavis.edu; qzhao@ece.ucdavis.edu; aswami@arl.army.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 1904 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601003047 ER PT B AU Sadler, BM Swami, A AF Sadler, Brian M. Swami, Anandirarn. GP IEEE TI Synchronization in sensor networks: an overview SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID PROBABILISTIC CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION; PROTOCOL; SYSTEMS; OFFSET AB Configuration and maintenance of wireless sensor networks are complicated by random deployments, random finite sensor lifetimes, addition of new nodes, the desire to adhere to strict power and energy constraints, and perhaps mobility. The desire to maximize network lifetime, in the face of finite energy resources, leads to duty cycled radios that save energy by listening only at appropriate times. This implies a level of synchronization across the network. Synchronization is also needed to support the network goals, such as event detection and reporting. In this paper, we review the problem of wireless sensor network synchronization and associated key issues, including the fundamental signal processing tasks needed, such as estimation of the skew and offset between two clocks, round trip delay estimation, extension of synchronization to multiple nodes, as well as performance analysis and bounds. C1 [Sadler, Brian M.; Swami, Anandirarn.] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sadler, BM (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM bsadler@arl.army.mil; aswami@arl.army.mil NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 1983 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601003059 ER PT B AU Lovelace, WM Townsend, JK Ulman, RJ AF Lovelace, William M. Townsend, J. Keith Ulman, Robert J. GP IEEE TI Packet-level interference estimation and adaptive rate control in Ultra-Wideband (UWB) radio SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Pulse discrimination and rate adaptation have been shown to yield significant performance improvement for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Impulse Radio (IR) networks in high-power pulse interfering environments. Here we extend these ideas and present a technique where receivers autonomously estimate the interference environment on a packet time scale. We show how the combination of the three techniques significantly reduces transponder complexity, network interference, average transmitted power, and improves system throughpuL We illustrate these advantages by developing a method for estimating packet transmissionfailure in uncoordinated, unslotted ALOHA Ultra Wideband (UWB) networks. C1 [Lovelace, William M.] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Townsend, J. Keith] NC State Univ, Raleigh, NC USA. [Ulman, Robert J.] US Army Res Off, Durham, NC USA. RP Lovelace, WM (reprint author), N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. EM jkt@ncsu.edu FU U.S. Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina [DAAG5598-D-0003] FX This work was supported by The U.S. Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, under contract number DAAG5598-D-0003. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 2110 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601003079 ER PT B AU Misra, S Tong, L Ephremides, A AF Misra, Saswat Tong, Lang Ephremides, Anthony GP IEEE TI Error exponents for target-class detection in a sensor network SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB We study the target class detection performance of a wireless sensor network with a structured node topology. The target is assumed to be in the far-field of the network and positioned at an angle 0, which may be known or unknown. The target produces a random signal field that is spatially correlated and dependent on 0 and the target's class i, i is an element of {0, 1}. We study the Neyman-Pearson detection error exponent for this scenario using large deviations theory. When 0 is known, we derive a closed-form analytic expression for the probability of miss error exponent and show that it is monotonically decreasing in the node spacing d and bounded as d -> 0. When 0 is unknown, we study its estimation using the Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT). We study the error exponent of the GLRT using both analytic techniques and numerical simulations. C1 [Misra, Saswat] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Tong, Lang] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Ephremides, Anthony] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 21228 USA. RP Misra, S (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM smisra@arl.army.mil; ltong@ece.cornell.edu; etony@eng.umd.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 2199 EP + PG 3 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601004009 ER PT B AU Ramezani, V Buche, RT Chang, MHH Yang, YP AF Ramezani, Vahid Buche, Robert T. Chang, Mou-Hsiung (Harry) Yang, Yipeng GP IEEE TI Power control for a wireless queueing system with delayed state information: Heavy traffic modeling and numerical analysis SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB A resource allocation problem (power control) in a wireless queueing system using heavy traffic methods is extended to incorporate delay. Modeling delay is important in highspeed wireless networks for stability and good performance. Under the heavy traffic method without delay the queue dynamics are approximated by a limit model which is a controlled reflected diffusion. The delay case is obtained by "adding" in delay in queue state information into the limit model for the case without delay; this yields a (controlled) stochastic delay differential equation with reflection. An associated stochastic control problem for the delay case is solved numerically by a combination of the Markov chain approximation method and an application of the separation principle. We study the affect of delay on the performance of the system. In particular, we give simulation results detailing the cost and control, parameterized by the delay. We also give initial simulation results for a fixed delay case, but with varying arrival rates. C1 [Ramezani, Vahid] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Buche, Robert T.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, CRCS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Chang, Mou-Hsiung (Harry)] US Army, Res Off, Div Sci Math, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Yang, Yipeng] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Ramezani, V (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. FU Intelligent Automation, Inc. Rockville [MD 20850]; ARO [W911NF-04-C-0138] FX RTB and YY: supported by Intelligent Automation, Inc. Rockville, MD 20850 under ARO Contract W911NF-04-C-0138. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 2859 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601005027 ER PT B AU Hartzog, BK Brown, TX AF Hartzog, Bryon K. Brown, Timothy X. GP IEEE TI WiMax - Potential commercial off-the-shelf solution for tactical mobile mesh communications SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The Army is evaluating the capabilities' of emerging technologies based on the IEEE 802.16 standard as a potential commercial off-the-shelf solution to support the communication requirements of the future warfighter. This paper evaluates the Mesh Mode defined in the IEEE 802.16d (Fixed WiMax) standard to determine if it is technically feasible for WiMax to support mobile mesh networking by proposing adaptations to the MAC scheduler and the PHY layer profile as well as organizing the network into small clusters interconnected by a MANET routing protocol. The proposed adaptations are evaluated using system parameters defined in the context of a military scenario. Observations and findings warrant further research in integrating WiMax technology into the Army's communication architecture. Additionally, this paper includes the results of a mobility experiment using Fixed WiMax equipment. C1 [Hartzog, Bryon K.] USA, Battle Command Battle Lab, Informat Operat Career Field, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. [Brown, Timothy X.] Univ Colorado, Interdisciplinary Telecommun, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hartzog, BK (reprint author), USA, Battle Command Battle Lab, Informat Operat Career Field, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. FU NSF CISE [0435297] FX The authors would like to thank Harvey Gates, Dirk Grunwald, and Douglas Sicker for their encouragement and helpful comments. This work was supported in part by NSF CISE award # 0435297. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 3078 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601005061 ER PT B AU Guo, N Qiu, RC Sadler, BA AF Guo, Nan Qiu, Robert C. Sadler, Brian A. GP IEEE TI A UWB radio network using multiple delay capture enabled by time reversal SO MILCOM 2006, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2006) CY OCT 23-25, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE DE UWB; delay capture; time reversal ID PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS; ACCESS; ARRIVAL AB An uplink multiple-access method for a centralized ultra-wideband (UWB) radio network is studied. The multiple-access method is based on a phenomenon of multiple delay capture and is enabled by time reversal technique. Multiple delay capture is a random multiple-access method that can be viewed as a time-of-arrival (TOA) division multiple-access. When received signals are of low duty cycle, the chance of collision is low, and the base station is able to communicate with different users simultaneously. At much higher data rate compared to the narrow band scenarios, the delay spread of a UWB channel is relatively large, and the multipath-distorted signal may not be of low duty cycle. To improve the multiple-access efficiency, time reversal in conjunction with transmitter-side antenna array is considered to shorten the UWB channel impulse response (CIR). Time reversal takes advantage of rich scattering environments to achieve signal focusing, while the antenna array further enhances signal focusing. Our focus in this paper will be on evaluating the collision-free probabilities using both analysis and simulation. A lower bound is derived and it is actually a good estimate of the probability that all received signals are collision-free. Finally, quantitative results are provided, showing that the normalized system throughput increases fast as the number of users increases. C1 [Guo, Nan] Tennessee Technol Univ, Ctr Mfg Res, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Qiu, Robert C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Sadler, Brian A.] US Army Res Lab, AMSRD ARL CI CN, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Guo, N (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Ctr Mfg Res, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM nguo@tntech.edu; rqiu@tntech.edu; bsadler@arl.army.mil FU Army Research Laboratory through a Short Term Innovative Research (STIR) [INF-06-1-0349]; Army Research Office through a Defense University Research Instrumentation Program (DURIP) [W911NF-05-1-0111] FX This work was supported in part by the Army Research Laboratory through a Short Term Innovative Research (STIR) grant INF-06-1-0349), and by the Army Research Office through a Defense University Research Instrumentation Program (DURIP) grant (W911NF-05-1-0111). NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0617-3 PY 2006 BP 3328 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFU06 UT WOS:000244601006019 ER PT J AU Munoz, B Pacheco, ME Aponte, C Michini, A Taibo, ME Pinto, B Montano, SM Chaucat, G Negrete, M Russell, KL Sanchez, JL AF Munoz, B Pacheco, ME Aponte, C Michini, A Taibo, ME Pinto, B Montano, SM Chaucat, G Negrete, M Russell, KL Sanchez, JL TI Assessment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and risk practices among female commercial sex workers in Isla Margarita, Venezuela SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HIV; INFECTION AB Sexual transmission represents the principal mode of transmission for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) worldwide. We examined the HIV-1 seroprevalence and risk factors for infection among 613 female commercial sex workers (FCSW) in Isla Margarita, Venezuela. Recruitment was conducted in street venues and working locations. None of the FCSW tested positive for HIV; this correlated with the low self-reported rates of sexually transmitted infections (6%), drug use (< 20%), and alcohol abuse (12%). Condom use and safe-sex practices were found to be practiced regularly (> 80% of time) with clients; however, such practices were found to be very uncommon in nonclient relations (< 20% of the time). Understanding the sexual risk behaviors, beliefs, and drug use patterns of FCSW is important for future development of effective public prevention policies and educational campaigns aimed at decreasing the risk of infection with HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted infections among FCSW. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Minist Hlth & Social Dev, Inst Nacl Nigiene Rafael Rangel, Caracas, Venezuela. Minist Hlth & Social Dev, Dept Epidemiol & Social Work, Isla Margarita, Venezuela. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. RP Sanchez, JL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, 1 Taft Court,Suite 250, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 171 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JV UT WOS:000235832300003 PM 16532865 ER PT J AU Donovan, DJ Moquin, RR Ecklund, JM AF Donovan, DJ Moquin, RR Ecklund, JM TI Cranial burr holes and emergency craniotomy: Review of indications and technique SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE SUBDURAL-HEMATOMA; ACUTE EPIDURAL HEMATOMA; SEVERE HEAD-INJURY; EXTRADURAL HEMATOMA; GUNSHOT WOUNDS; INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; OPERATIVE INTERVENTION; INTRACRANIAL HEMATOMAS; COMATOSE PATIENTS; TWIST DRILL AB Burr hole craniotomy for posttraumatic intracranial hematoma is rarely performed since the advent of computerized tomography revolutionized the treatment of these patients. It is still necessary in unique circumstances although, and the clinical urgency may require surgery by a non-neurosurgeon. This occurs rarely in rural or overseas locations in peacetime, but more commonly in combat health support operations where computed tomography and neurosurgeons are not widely available. Recent experiences in the Global War on Terrorism have prompted a detailed review of this procedure. The nonoperative care, localization of intracranial hematoma, and surgical technique are outlined here in detail, and results from the literature are reviewed. This review emphasizes that burr holes should not be performed at random on head-injured patients and should be performed only by general surgeons or other physicians who have undergone formal instruction by experienced neurosurgeons, and every reasonable attempt to contact a neurosurgeon should be made first. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Neurosurg Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Natl Capital Consortium, Dept Surg, Neurosurg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Donovan, DJ (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Neurosurg Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 74 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 171 IS 1 BP 12 EP 19 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JV UT WOS:000235832300005 PM 16532867 ER PT J AU Chaffin, JG Bachand, W Wilhelm, R Lambert, R Rothfuss, L AF Chaffin, JG Bachand, W Wilhelm, R Lambert, R Rothfuss, L TI First-term dental readiness SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Army recruits have high levels of dental disease, and traditionally the dental needs of soldiers have not been addressed until the soldiers arrive at their first permanent duty station. Today's expeditionary Army requires that soldiers be fully deployable. This article addresses an initiative (called First-Term Dental Readiness) aimed at providing dental care in the initial training of a soldier's career, implementation of pilot programs at Fort Sill and Fort Knox, and the lessons learned from those pilot programs. C1 US Army Dent Command, Dent Corps, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Ft Sill Dent Activ, Ft Sill, OK 73503 USA. Ft Knox Dent Act, Ft Knox, KY 40121 USA. RP Chaffin, JG (reprint author), US Army Dent Command, Dent Corps, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 171 IS 1 BP 25 EP 28 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JV UT WOS:000235832300007 PM 16532869 ER PT J AU Johnston, E Flynn, T Bean, M Breton, M Scherer, M Dreitzler, G Thomas, D AF Johnston, E Flynn, T Bean, M Breton, M Scherer, M Dreitzler, G Thomas, D TI A randomized controlled trial of a leg orthosis versus traditional treatment for soldiers with shin splints: A pilot study SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE; ANALOG SCALE PAIN; VISUAL ANALOG; OVERUSE INJURIES; MANAGEMENT; COHORT AB Diagnosis and management strategies for shin splints in active duty military populations closely resemble those in civilian athletic populations. There is a paucity of evidence supporting the use of many of these interventions. The purpose of this study was to present data on the Shin Saver orthosis as a treatment for shin splints in an active duty military population and to review current condition management. Twenty-five subjects diagnosed with shin splints by a U.S. Army physical therapist were randomly assigned to a shin orthosis treatment group or a control group. There was no significant difference between treatment and control groups in days to finish a 0.5-mile run pain free. Visual analog scales for pain at intake versus after I week of relative rest revealed no significant improvement in symptoms in either group. Current best-practice guidelines support a treatment program of rest, cryotherapy, and a graduated walk-to-run program. C1 Martin Army Community Hosp, Phys Therapy Dept, Ft Benning, GA 31905 USA. Guthrie Ambulatory Hlth Care Clin, Phys Therapy Dept, Ft Drum, NY 13602 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Phys Therapy Dept, Washington, DC 20012 USA. USA, Baylor Grad Program Phys Therapy, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Johnston, E (reprint author), Womack Army Med Ctr, Phys Therapy Dept, Ft Bragg, NC 28310 USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 171 IS 1 BP 40 EP 44 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JV UT WOS:000235832300010 PM 16532872 ER PT J AU Knapik, JJ Darakjy, S Hauret, KG Canada, S Scott, S Rieger, W Marin, R Jones, BH AF Knapik, JJ Darakjy, S Hauret, KG Canada, S Scott, S Rieger, W Marin, R Jones, BH TI Increasing the physical fitness of low-fit recruits before basic combat training: An evaluation of fitness, injuries, and training outcomes SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EXERCISE-RELATED INJURIES; MAXIMAL AEROBIC POWER; RISK-FACTORS; FAMILIAL AGGREGATION; BODY-FAT; YOUNG MEN; ARMY; PROGRAM; WOMEN; INTENSITY AB Recruits arriving for basic combat training (BCT) between October 1999 and May 2004 were administered an entry-level physical fitness test at the reception station. If they failed the test, then they entered the Fitness Assessment Program (FAP), where they physically trained until they passed the test and subsequently entered BCT. The effectiveness of the FAP was evaluated by examining fitness, injury, and training outcomes. Recruits who failed the test, trained in the FAP, and entered BCT after passing the test were designated the preconditioning (PC) group (64 men and 94 women). Recruits who failed the test but were allowed to enter BCT without going into the FAP were called the no preconditioning (NPC) group (32 men and 73 women). Recruits who passed the test and directly entered BCT were designated the no need of preconditioning (NNPC) group (1,078 men and 731 women). Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) scores and training outcomes were obtained from a company-level database, and injured recruits were identified from cases documented in medical records. The proportions of NPC, PC, and NNPC recruits who completed the 9-week BCT cycle were 59%, 83%, and 87% for men (p < 0.01) and 52%, 69%, and 78% for women (p < 0.01), respectively. Because of attrition, only 63% of the NPC group took the week 7 APFT, compared with 84% and 86% of the PC and NNPC groups, respectively. The proportions of NPC, PC, and NNPC recruits who passed the final APFT after all retakes were 88%, 92%, and 98% for men (p < 0.01) and 89%, 92%, and 97% for women (p < 0.01), respectively. Compared with NNPC men, injury risk was 1.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.2) and 1.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-3.1) times higher for PC and NPC men, respectively. Compared with NNPC women, injury risk was 1.2 (95% confidence interval, 0.9-1.6) and 1.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.1) times higher for PC and NPC women, respectively. This program evaluation showed that low-fit recruits who preconditioned before BCT had reduced attrition and tended to have lower injury risk, compared with recruits of similar low fitness who did not precondition. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Phys Fitness Sch, Ft Benning, GA 31905 USA. RP Knapik, JJ (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 36 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 171 IS 1 BP 45 EP 54 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JV UT WOS:000235832300011 PM 16532873 ER PT J AU Driscoll, PJ Henderson, SJ AF Driscoll, PJ Henderson, SJ TI A meta-model architecture for fusing battlefield information SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB This study proposes a unifying metamodel architecture for fusing information in sensor-based decision support systems capable of delivering to the user strong inference results in support of decision-making, sensor resource decisions, and evaluating strategic deception operations. We demonstrate its effectiveness and adaptability in a web-based experiment using Bayesian logic, modal logic, and fuzzy logic networks that fuses simulated sensor data in order to estimate the true operational state of an opposing force. The meta-model processes evidence supporting an underlying strategic intent that is assumed to be intermingled with intentioned deception and operational errors in such a way that the true operational state eventually becomes predominant. Moreover, we extend the domain of applications of this meta-model by discussing its utility for assessing the degree of information advantage that US Force operations possess when pitted against specific enemy force operations. Thus, while capable of enhancing situational awareness at the tactical and operational levels during realtime operations, this meta-model framework also provides a facility to supplement strategic planning with regards to the extent that US Forces can reasonably expect to leverage information to achieve battlespace dominance. C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM patrick.driscoll@usma.edu; steven.henderson@usma.edu NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2006 VL 11 IS 1 BP 27 EP 47 PG 21 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 027VM UT WOS:000236443900002 ER PT J AU Williams, TJ Johnson, WB AF Williams, Thomas J. Johnson, W. Brad TI Introduction to the special issue: Operational psychology and clinical practice in operational environments SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID MILITARY C1 USA, War Coll, Army Phys Fitness Res Inst, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Williams, TJ (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Army Phys Fitness Res Inst, 122 Forbes Ave, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. EM thomas.williams@carlisle.anny.mil; johnsonb@usna.edu NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1804_1 PG 8 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 127DT UT WOS:000243566200001 ER PT J AU Bartone, PT AF Bartone, Paul T. TI Resilience under military operational stress: Can leaders influence hardiness? SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PATH-GOAL THEORY; PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA; MENTAL-HEALTH; LIFE EVENTS; PERSONALITY; IMPACT AB Although many people suffer physical and mental health decrements following exposure to stress, many others show remarkable resilience, remaining healthy despite high stress levels. If the factors that account for resilience can be clearly identified and understood, perhaps resilience can be enhanced even for those most vulnerable to stress. One potential pathway to resilience is personality hardiness, a characteristic sense that life is meaningful, we choose our own futures, and change is interesting and valuable. This article applies this hardiness concept to the context of military operational stress, and argues that highly effective leaders can increase hardy, resilient responses to stressful circumstances within their units. I discuss the nature of stress in modern military operations, and briefly review relevant hardiness theory and research. Three sets of considerations lead to the proposition that hardy leaders can indeed increase hardy cognitions and behaviors in groups. These considerations concern (a) the likely underlying mechanisms of hardiness, which have to do with how experiences get interpreted and made sense of; (b) relevant theoretical positions on leader social influence, including transformational leadership and path-goal leader theory; and (c) several empirical studies that have shown indirect support for a hardy leader influence process. A case vignette is provided to illustrate how leaders might increase hardy cognitions, attitudes, and behaviors within their organizations during highly stressful operations. This potential for leaders to boost hardiness as a pathway to resiliency in groups under stress merits further active investigation. C1 Natl Def Univ, USA, Ind Coll Armed Forces, Washington, DC 20319 USA. RP Bartone, PT (reprint author), Natl Def Univ, USA, Ind Coll Armed Forces, Washington, DC 20319 USA. EM bartonep@ndu.edu NR 58 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 19 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2006 VL 18 SU S BP S131 EP S148 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 119IM UT WOS:000243006000010 ER PT J AU Matthews, MD Eid, J Kelly, D Bailey, JKS Peterson, C AF Matthews, Michael D. Eid, Jarle Kelly, Dennis Bailey, Jennifer K. S. Peterson, Christopher TI Character strengths and virtues of developing military leaders: An international comparison SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL AXIOMS; DIMENSIONS AB Positive character strengths, virtues, and values are touted in military doctrine as critical for effective leadership, yet little evidence exists describing such traits in military samples. This study compared West Point cadets (N = 103), Norwegian Naval Academy cadets (N = 141), and U.S. civilians aged 18 to 21 (N = 838) with respect to 24 character strengths. Results generally showed that the absolute scores of West Point cadets were higher than either of the other 2 groups. However, when the rank orders of character strengths were compared, the 2 military samples were more highly correlated with each other than either was with the U.S. civilian sample. The greatest strengths evident among the military samples were honesty, hope, bravery, industry, and teamwork. Implications for multiforce military operations are discussed. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, West Point, NY 10096 USA. Univ Bergen, Dept Psychosocial Sci, Bergen, Norway. US Mil Acad, Off Inst Res, West Point, NY 10096 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Matthews, MD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, West Point, NY 10096 USA. EM Mike.Matthews@usma.edu RI Eid, Jarle/G-1346-2014 NR 14 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 10 U2 18 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2006 VL 18 SU S BP S57 EP S68 PG 12 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 119IM UT WOS:000243006000005 ER PT B AU Shubitidze, F Barrowes, B O'Neill, K Shamatava, I AF Shubitidze, F. Barrowes, B. O'Neill, K. Shamatava, Irma GP IEEE TI Advanced EMI modeling and processing approaches for UXO discrimination SO MMET 2006: 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Mathematical Methods in Electromagnetic Theory CY JUN 26-29, 2006 CL Kharkiv, UKRAINE SP IEEE AP, East Ukraine Joint Chapter, MTT, East Ukraine Joint Chapter, ED, East Ukraine Joint Chapter, AES, East Ukraine Joint Chapter, GRS, East Ukraine Joint Chapter, NPS, East Ukraine Joint Chapter, EMB, East Ukraine Joint Chapter, Natl Acad AB This paper presents a new, advanced non-traditional physics based inverse-scattering approach for determining a buried object's location and orientation. The approach combines an advanced electromagnetic induction (EMI) forward model called the normalized surface magnetic charge model (NSMC) with the pole series expansions technique. First, the NSMC is used to generate bi-static EMI data from actual measured mono-static data, and then the pole series expansion approach is employed to localize scattered field singularities, i.e. to find object's location add orientation. Once the object's location and orientations are found, then the total NSMC, which is characteristic of the object, is calculated and used as a discriminant. The algorithm is tested against actual EM-63 time domain EMI data collected at the ERDC test-stand site for an actual UXO. Several numerical results are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method for UXO discrimination. C1 [Shubitidze, F.; O'Neill, K.; Shamatava, Irma] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [O'Neill, K.] USA ERDC, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Shubitidze, F (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Fridon.Shubitidze@dartmouth.edu FU US Army; DoD SERDP FX This work was supported by the US Army CoE ERDC BT25 program, with development and testing under the DoD SERDP, and code development under the US Army CoE ERDC AF25 program. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0490-8 PY 2006 BP 126 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BEZ61 UT WOS:000240382900023 ER PT S AU Mohammad, S Bounker, P Mason, J Brister, J Shady, D Tucker, D AF Mohammad, Syed Bounker, Paul Mason, James Brister, Jason Shady, Dan Tucker, David BE Schum, K Sisti, AF TI Developing a scalable modeling architecture for studying survivability technologies - art. no. 622809 SO Modeling and Simulation for Military Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling and Simulation for Military Applications CY APR 18-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE AB To facilitate interoperability of models in a scalable environment, and provide a relevant virtual environment in which Survivability technologies can be evaluated, the US Army Research Development and Engineering Command (RDECOM) Modeling Architecture for Technology Research and Experimentation (MATREX) Science and Technology Objective (STO) program has initiated the Survivability Thread which will seek to address some of the many technical and programmatic challenges associated with the effort. In coordination with different Thread customers, such as the Survivability branches of various Army labs, a collaborative group has been formed to define the requirements for the simulation environment that would in turn provide them a value-added tool for assessing models and gauge system-level performance relevant to Future Combat Systems (FCS) and the Survivability requirements of other burgeoning programs. An initial set of customer requirements has been generated in coordination with the RDECOM Survivability IPT lead, through the Survivability Technology Area at RDECOM Tank-automotive Research Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC, Warren, MI). The results of this project are aimed at a culminating experiment and demonstration scheduled for September, 2006, which will include a multitude of components from within RDECOM and provide the framework for future experiments to support Survivability research. This paper details the components with which the MATREX Survivability Thread was created and executed, and provides insight into the capabilities currently demanded by the Survivability faculty within RDECOM. C1 USA, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI USA. RP Mohammad, S (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6284-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6228 BP 22809 EP 22809 AR 622809 DI 10.1117/12.666086 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BEU99 UT WOS:000239572900008 ER PT J AU Eichhorn, JH Buckner, L Buckner, SB Beech, DP Crothers, BA Wilbur, DC AF Eichhorn, JH Buckner, L Buckner, SB Beech, DP Crothers, BA Wilbur, DC TI Internet-based gynecologic telecytology with remote automated image selection: Results of a first-phase development trial SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 95th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 11-17, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 19 SU 1 MA 245 BP 56A EP 56A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 995IR UT WOS:000234094500245 ER PT J AU Nagle, JA Eichhorn, JH Crothers, BA Wilbur, DC AF Nagle, JA Eichhorn, JH Crothers, BA Wilbur, DC TI Determination of specimen adequacy and the presence of transformation zone component using an automated Internet-based telecytology system for cervical cytology SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 95th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 11-17, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 19 SU 1 MA 295 BP 67A EP 67A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 995IR UT WOS:000234094500295 ER PT J AU Nanji, SS Eichhorn, JH Crothers, BA Wilbur, DC AF Nanji, SS Eichhorn, JH Crothers, BA Wilbur, DC TI Determining the effective cervical cytology triage point using an automated Internet-based telecytology system with hierarchical image review SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 95th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 11-17, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 19 SU 1 MA 296 BP 67A EP 67A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 995IR UT WOS:000234094500296 ER PT J AU Furusato, B Banez, LL Prasan, P Chen, Y Ali, A Moul, JW McLeod, DG Srivastava, S Sesterhenn, IA AF Furusato, B Banez, LL Prasan, P Chen, Y Ali, A Moul, JW McLeod, DG Srivastava, S Sesterhenn, IA TI Evaluation of serum SELDI-TOF proteomic information and tumor volume in prostate cancer patients SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 95th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 11-17, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 19 SU 1 MA 626 BP 137A EP 137A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 995IR UT WOS:000234094501065 ER PT J AU Beaman, NA Vos, JA AF Beaman, NA Vos, JA TI Monoclonal gammoplathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) with atypical pathologic features: Clinical relevance and immunohistochemical correlation SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 95th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 11-17, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 19 SU 1 MA 1006 BP 216A EP 217A PG 2 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 995IR UT WOS:000234094501445 ER PT J AU Karpel-Massler, G Fleming, SD Kirschfink, M Tsokos, GC AF Karpel-Massler, G Fleming, SD Kirschfink, M Tsokos, GC TI C1 esterase inhibitor in mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion: an experimental study in two mouse strains with a different immunologic response pattern SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th Meeting on Complement in Human Disease CY SEP 09-13, 2005 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Immunol, D-69121 Heidelberg, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1-2 MA 29 BP 132 EP 133 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 966LO UT WOS:000232021600042 ER PT J AU Baranyi, L Szebeni, J Savay, S Milosevits, J Bodo, M Alving, CR Bunger, R AF Baranyi, L Szebeni, J Savay, S Milosevits, J Bodo, M Alving, CR Bunger, R TI Role of adenosine in complement activation-related paradoxical bradycardia and arrhythmia SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th Meeting on Complement in Human Disease CY SEP 09-13, 2005 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY C1 Vaccine & Immunol Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. US Mil HIV Res Program, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Vaccine Prod & Delivery, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resuscit Med, Washington, DC USA. Univ Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1-2 MA 98 BP 157 EP 158 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 966LO UT WOS:000232021600111 ER PT J AU Bodo, M Szebeni, J Baranyi, L Savay, S Pearce, FJ Alving, CR Bunger, R AF Bodo, M Szebeni, J Baranyi, L Savay, S Pearce, FJ Alving, CR Bunger, R TI Liposome-induced and complement activation-related changes in cerebrovascular flow in pigs SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th Meeting on Complement in Human Disease CY SEP 09-13, 2005 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Dept Resuscitat Med, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Dept Vaccine Prod & Delievery, Silver Spring, MD USA. Vaccine & Immunol Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anat Physiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1-2 MA 97 BP 157 EP 157 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 966LO UT WOS:000232021600110 ER PT J AU Beck, Z Polonis, V Alving, CR Szebeni, J AF Beck, Z Polonis, V Alving, CR Szebeni, J TI Modulation of HIV replication in vitro by complement SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th Meeting on Complement in Human Disease CY SEP 09-13, 2005 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Dept Vaccine Prod & Delivery, US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Debrecen, Inst Med Microbiol, Debrecen, Hungary. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1-2 MA 140 BP 174 EP 174 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 966LO UT WOS:000232021600153 ER PT J AU Bentley, T Baranyi, L Alving, C Szebeni, J Basta, M AF Bentley, T Baranyi, L Alving, C Szebeni, J Basta, M TI High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) increase survival of rats subjected to experimental hemorrhagic shock SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th Meeting on Complement in Human Disease CY SEP 09-13, 2005 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1-2 MA 182 BP 190 EP 190 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 966LO UT WOS:000232021600195 ER PT J AU Li, J Wang, L Hashimoto, Y Tsao, CY Wood, TK Valdes, JJ Zafiriou, E Bentley, WE AF Li, Jun Wang, Liang Hashimoto, Yoshifumi Tsao, Chen-Yu Wood, Thomas K. Valdes, James J. Zafiriou, Evanghelos Bentley, William E. TI A stochastic model of Escherichia coli AI-2 quorum signal circuit reveals alternative synthesis pathways SO MOLECULAR SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AI-2; DPD; LuxS; quorum sensing; stochastic model ID TO-CELL COMMUNICATION; CAMP RECEPTOR PROTEIN; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; GENE-EXPRESSION; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; SENSING SIGNAL; VIBRIO-HARVEYI; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; BIOFILM FORMATION; METABOLIC FLUXES AB Quorum sensing (QS) is an important determinant of bacterial phenotype. Many cell functions are regulated by intricate and multimodal QS signal transduction processes. The LuxS/AI-2 QS system is highly conserved among Eubacteria and AI-2 is reported as a 'universal' signal molecule. To understand the hierarchical organization of AI-2 circuitry, a comprehensive approach incorporating stochastic simulations was developed. We investigated the synthesis, uptake, and regulation of AI-2, developed testable hypotheses, and made several discoveries: (1) the mRNA transcript and protein levels of AI-2 synthases, Pfs and LuxS, do not contribute to the dramatically increased level of AI-2 found when cells are grown in the presence of glucose; (2) a concomitant increase in metabolic flux through this synthesis pathway in the presence of glucose only partially accounts for this difference. We predict that 'high-flux' alternative pathways or additional biological steps are involved in AI-2 synthesis; and (3) experimental results validate this hypothesis. This work demonstrates the utility of linking cell physiology with systems-based stochastic models that can be assembled de novo with partial knowledge of biochemical pathways. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Biosyst Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Bentley, WE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Biosyst Res, 5115 Plant Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM bentley@eng.umd.edu OI Wood, Thomas/0000-0002-6258-529X NR 82 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1744-4292 J9 MOL SYST BIOL JI Mol. Syst. Biol. PY 2006 VL 2 AR 67 DI 10.1038/msb4100107 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 122RX UT WOS:000243245400069 PM 17170762 ER PT S AU Lanzerotti, MYD Squillace, RZ Gandzelko, A Sharma, J AF Lanzerotti, Mary Y. D. Squillace, Richard Z. Gandzelko, Alexander Sharma, J. BE Thadhani, NN Armstrong, RW Gash, AE Wilson, WH TI Density of RDX crystals grown during high acceleration in an ultracentrifuge SO Multifunctional Energetic Materials SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Multifunctional Energetic Materials held at the 2005 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-30, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanotechnologies Inc, Off Naval Res, Def Threat Reduct Agcy ID PETN SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CYCLOTRIMETHYLENE TRINITRAMINE; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE; DISLOCATIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; SOLVENT; HMX AB RDX (cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine) crystals were grown during high acceleration (high g) in an ultracentrifuge. These crystals are found to have a density similar to 0.6% greater than I g crystals, and to have a greatly reduced defect content. The high g crystals should therefore have significantly reduced shock sensitivity as compared to commercial grade RDX When a RDX saturated acetone solution is accelerated at 200,000 g, the RDX solute molecules move individually through the acetone solvent molecules to form a RDX crystal because the density of the RDX (Theoretical Maximum Density 1.806 g/cc) solute is more dense than the acetone (0.79 g/cc) solvent. Crystal growth is controlled by the g-force. Crystal defects including voids and solution inclusions caused by temperature variation or evaporationat 1 g are minimized and the RDX crystal density increases, A nitrogen pycnometer was used to measure the density of the RDX crystals grown at 1 g and at 200,000 g. The density of the RDX crystals grown at 200,000 g (1.7980 +/- 0.0003 g/cc)is found to be greater than the density of RDX crystals grown at I g (1.7881 +/- 0.0003 g/cc) by 0.0099 g/cc. The density of the high g crystal is 99.6% of the Theoretical Maximum Density of RDX. C1 USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Lanzerotti, MYD (reprint author), USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-851-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 896 BP 133 EP 138 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BEK02 UT WOS:000237500900015 ER PT S AU Ciezak, JA Trevino, SF AF Ciezak, Jennifer A. Trevino, Samuel F. BE Thadhani, NN Armstrong, RW Gash, AE Wilson, WH TI The inelastic neutron scattering spectrum of 2,4-dinitroimidazole and the reproduction of its solid-state features by periodic DFT methods SO Multifunctional Energetic Materials SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Multifunctional Energetic Materials held at the 2005 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-30, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanotechnologies Inc, Off Naval Res, Def Threat Reduct Agcy ID CORRELATION-ENERGY; ELECTRON-GAS; APPROXIMATION AB The inelastic neutron scattering spectra of 2, 4-Dinitroimidazole(24DNI) are presented from 25 to 1200 cm(-1). Direct comparisons were made to the experimental spectra using solid-state calculation methods at the BLYP/dnd, BP/dnd, and PWC/dnd theory levels. Comparison of the observed and calculated INS spectra revealed that the BLYP/dnd calculations provide the best description of the experimental INS spectrum below 1000 cm(-1). The PWC/dnd calculations were found to give the best vibrational agreement with the experimental frequencies above 1000 cm(-1). In addition, the six experimental lattice vibrations were assigned. The first overtone of the lattice vibration with the highest vibrational energy is nearly degenerate with one of the fundamental vibrations, suggesting the possibility of a "doorway mode". C1 Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 20899 USA. RP Ciezak, JA (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-851-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 896 BP 139 EP 144 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BEK02 UT WOS:000237500900016 ER PT S AU Rice, BM Byrd, EFC AF Rice, Betsy M. Byrd, Edward F. C. BE Thadhani, NN Armstrong, RW Gash, AE Wilson, WH TI Theoretical chemical characterization of energetic-materials SO Multifunctional Energetic Materials SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Multifunctional Energetic Materials held at the 2005 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-30, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanotechnologies Inc, Off Naval Res, Def Threat Reduct Agcy ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; NITRAMINE CRYSTALS; SOLID NITROMETHANE; AB-INITIO; RDX; PACKING; HMX; TRANSFERABILITY; COMPRESSION; DENSITY AB Our research is focused on developing computational capabilities for the prediction of properties of energetic materials associated with performance, and, sensitivity. Additionally, we want to identify and characterize the dynamic processes that influence conversion of an energetic material to products upon initiation. We are attempting to achieve these goats through the-use of standard atomistic simulation methods. In this paper various theoretical: chemistry methods and applications to energetic materials will be described, Current capabilities in predicting structures, thermodynamic properties, and dynamic behavior of these materials will be demonstrated. These are presented to exemplify how information generated from atomistic simulations can be used in the design, development, and testing of new energetic materials. In addition to illustrating current capabilities, we will discuss limitations of the methodologies and needs, for advancing the state of the art in this area. C1 USA, Res Lab, Ballist & Weap Concepts Div, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Rice, BM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Ballist & Weap Concepts Div, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-851-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 896 BP 213 EP 224 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BEK02 UT WOS:000237500900025 ER PT S AU Meyerhoff, JL Yourick, DL Slusher, BS Long, JB AF Meyerhoff, JL Yourick, DL Slusher, BS Long, JB BE Moffett, JR Tieman, SB Weinberger, DR Coyle, JT Namboodiri, AMA TI N-acetylaspartylglutaniate (NAAG) in spinal cord injury and disease SO N-ACETYLASPARTATE: A UNIQUE NEURONAL MOLECULE IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on N-Acetylaspartate CY SEP 13-14, 2004 CL Bethesda, MD SP Natl Inst Mental Hlth, Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Natl Inst Hlth, Off Rare Dis ID ACETYL-ASPARTYL-GLUTAMATE; AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; LINKED ACIDIC DIPEPTIDASE; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; RAT-BRAIN; CARBOXYPEPTIDASE-II; AMINO-ACIDS; NEUROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY; REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Guilford Pharmaceut Inc, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Mil Casualty Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Meyerhoff, JL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM james.meyerhoff@na.amedd.army.mil NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0065-2598 BN 0-387-30171-2 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2006 VL 576 BP 339 EP 351 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BED79 UT WOS:000236895900025 PM 16802725 ER PT S AU Soares, JW Steeves, DM Ziegler, D DeCristofano, BS AF Soares, Jason W. Steeves, Diane M. Ziegler, David DeCristofano, Barry S. BE Dhar, NK Dutta, AK Islam, MS TI Surface modification of nanocrystalline zinc oxide for bio-sensing applications SO NANOMATERIAL SYNTHESIS AND INTEGRATION FOR SENSORS, ELECTRONICS, PHOTONICS, AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanomaterial Synthesis and Integration for Sensors, Electronics, Photonics, and Electro-Optics CY OCT 01-07, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE zinc oxide; ZnO; photoluminescence; bio-sensing; functionalization; surface modification; silylation; sensing platform; optical; nanocrystalline ID ZNO QUANTUM DOTS; POROUS SILICON; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOPARTICLES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; IMMOBILIZATION; BIOSENSOR; TIO2; EMISSION; SENSORS AB Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a wide bandgap semiconductor that has been the subject of considerable research due to its potential applications in the areas of photonics, electronics and sensors. Nano-ZnO offers several advantages over existing bio-sensing platforms, most notably a large surface area for greater bio-functionalization and an inherent photoluminescence (PL) signal consisting of two emission peaks. One peak is in the UV, due to near band edge emission and the other is in the visible (green) region, due to oxygen vacancies caused by crystalline defects. Real-time detection of surface binding events may be possible if changes to the PL spectrum of a ZnO-based bio-sensor can be induced. Here we describe the surface modification of nanocrystalline zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) to introduce chemically reactive functionality for subsequent bio-functionalization. We have demonstrated through TEM-EDS that nano-ZnO powders have been surface modified with a heterobifunctional organosilane crosslinking agent that contains an amine-reactive aldehyde group. Furthermore, we have attached a fluorophore to the reactive aldehyde verifying the modified nano-ZnO surface is available for subsequent biomolecular covalent attachment. The introduction of a chemically reactive modifier to the surface of the nano-ZnO presents a template for the design of new, optically responsive bio-sensing platforms. C1 USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Soares, JW (reprint author), USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM diane.steeves@us.army.mil NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6468-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6370 DI 10.1117/12.684875 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BFQ84 UT WOS:000243896600018 ER PT S AU Gregorczyk, K Kimball, B Carlson, JB Pembroke, A Kempa, K Ren, ZF Yelleswarapu, C Kempa, T Benham, G Wang, Y Li, WZ Herczynski, A Rybczynski, J Rao, DVGLN AF Gregorczyk, Keith Kimball, Brian Carlson, Joel B. Pembroke, Asher Kempa, Krzysztof Ren, Zhifeng Yelleswarapu, Chandra Kempa, Thomas Benham, Glynda Wang, Y. Li, Wenzhi Herczynski, A. Rybczynski, Jacob Rao, D. V. G. L. N. BE Gaburro, Z Cabrini, S TI The complex optical response of arrays of aligned, multi-walled carbon nanotubes - art. no. 63210G SO Nanophotonic Materials III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonic Materials III CY AUG 13-14, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE band-gap; carbon nanotubes; periodic honeycomb arrays; reflectance data; polarization effects; self-assembly nanosphere lithography; light antenna; dipole antenna ID PERIODIC ARRAYS; RADIO-WAVES AB The optical properties of periodic and nonperiodic arrays of aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes are presented. Experimental analysis indicates a complex optical response that is attributed to both the individual carbon nanotube scatterers and also to the array ensembles. These studies indicate that by controlling the geometry and spacing of the arrays, it is possible to create structures that respond very strongly to specific wavelengths or bands of wavelengths. Structures such as these may form the basis for numerous applications in energy conversion. This would include highly efficient solar energy conversion as well as sensitive, finely tuned detectors that can respond to predetermined wavelength bands ranging from the ultraviolet to the infrared region. Experimental, theoretical and modeled results are discussed as they apply to these applications. Challenges and issues are discussed. C1 USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Gregorczyk, K (reprint author), USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6400-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6321 BP G3210 EP G3210 AR 63210G DI 10.1117/12.680765 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BFI32 UT WOS:000241987600009 ER PT S AU Kecskes, LJ Gardiner, DM Woodman, RH Barber, RE Hartwig, KT AF Kecskes, LJ Gardiner, DM Woodman, RH Barber, RE Hartwig, KT BE Zhu, YT Varyukhin, V TI Refinement and densification of aluminum nickelides by severe plastic deformation SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS BY HIGH-PRESSURE SEVERE PLASTIC DEFORMATION SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Nanostructured Materials by High-Pressure Severe Plastic Deformation CY SEP 22-26, 2004 CL Donetsk, UKRAINE SP NATO Phys & Engn Sci & Technol Program, GE, Sci & Technol Ctr Ukraine, Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Donetsk Phys & Technol Inst, Los Alamos Natl Lab ID POWDERS; COMBUSTION; NI3AL; AL AB Two nickel (Ni)-coated aluminum (Al) powders were consolidated to full or near-full density by severe plastic deformation using the equal-channel angular extrusion (ECAE) technique. Mixtures of 78Al-22Ni at.% (63Al-37Ni wt.%) or 39Al-61Ni at.% (23Al-77Ni wt.%) were placed in square-shaped copper (Cu) or Ni casings, sealed, preheated to a range of temperatures from ambient to 700 degrees C, and, once at a uniform temperature, dropped into the ECAE die and single-pass extruded. It was found that the preheating temperature affected the transformation of the initial Al-Ni composition into aluminum nickelide (Al-Ni) intermetallics. It was also found that the use of the nickel can significantly affect the densification of the powders. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and microhardness measurements were used to examine the nature of the resultant intermetallics. The onset and nature of the transformation from the precursors into the products were further studied by differential thermal analysis. These results and the role of ECAE on the transformation are discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM kecskes@arl.army.mil RI Kecskes, Laszlo/F-6880-2014 OI Kecskes, Laszlo/0000-0002-1342-3729 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-3921-2 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2006 VL 212 BP 89 EP + DI 10.1007/1-4020-3923-9_12 PG 2 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BDT99 UT WOS:000235332200012 ER PT J AU Ngarnga, D Tane, P Rattendi, D Bacchi, C Okunji, CC Iwu, MM Schuster, BM Sterner, O AF Ngarnga, Dieudonne Tane, Pierre Rattendi, Donna Bacchi, Cyrus Okunji, Christopher C. Iwu, Maurice M. Schuster, Brian M. Sterner, Olov TI Anti-trypanosomal alkaloids from Xymalos monospora SO NATURAL PRODUCT COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Xymalos monospora; monimiaceae; alkaloids; antitrypanosomal; trypanosomiasis; sleeping sickness AB From an extract of the stem bark of Xymalos monospora, a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (1), three benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (mollinedine, 1-(p-methoxybenzyl)-6,7-methylenedioxyisoquino-line, doryafranine), and an aporphine alkaloid (N-methyllaurotetanine) were isolated. These compounds were tested for growth inhibitory activity against bloodstream forms of three strains of African trypanosomes. In vitro IC50 values starting from 1.8 mu g/mL were obtained. C1 Univ Dschang, Dept Chem, Dschang, Cameroon. Pace Univ, Haskins Labs, New York, NY 10038 USA. Pace Univ, Dept Biol, New York, NY 10038 USA. Int Ctr Ethnomed & Drug Dev, Nsukka, Nigeria. Bioresources Dev & Conservat Programme, Silver Spring, MD 20902 USA. Lund Univ, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Tane, P (reprint author), Univ Dschang, Dept Chem, Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon. EM ptone@yahoo.com NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURAL PRODUCTS INC PI WESTERVILLE PA 7963 ANDERSON PARK LN, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1934-578X J9 NAT PROD COMMUN JI Nat. Prod. Commun. PY 2006 VL 1 IS 8 BP 619 EP 622 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Food Science & Technology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Food Science & Technology GA 203XE UT WOS:000249006500004 ER PT J AU Choi, KH DeShazer, D Schweizer, HP AF Choi, Kyoung-Hee DeShazer, David Schweizer, Herbert P. TI Mini-Tn7 insertion in bacteria with multiple glmS-linked attTn7 sites: example Burkholderia mallei ATCC 23344 SO NATURE PROTOCOLS LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; PSEUDOMALLEI; SEQUENCES; CLONING; SYSTEM; TN7 AB The mini-Tn7 vectors are universally applicable in Gram-negative bacteria and thereby facilitate the manipulation of many organisms for which few genetic systems are available. These vectors, when provided with only the Tn7 site-specific transposition machinery, insert site and orientation specifically in the bacterial chromosome at an attTn7 site downstream of the essential glmS gene. A few bacteria, including Burkholderia spp., contain multiple glmS genes and therefore several attTn7 sites. Here we provide a protocol for application of the mini-Tn7 system in B. mallei as an example of bacteria with multiple glmS sites. The procedure involves, first, cloning of the genes of interest into an appropriate mini-Tn7 vector; second, co-transfer of the recombinant mini-Tn7 vector and a helper plasmid encoding the Tn7 site-specific transposition pathway into B. mallei by conjugation, followed by selection of insertion-containing strains; and last, PCR verification of mini-Tn7 insertions. B. mallei possesses two glmS genes on chromosome 1 and Tn7 transposes to both sites, although transposition to attTn7-1 associated with glmS1 occurs in more than 90% of the clones examined. Transposition is efficient and the whole procedure from start to verification of insertion events can be done in less than 5 d. This first chromosome integration system in B. mallei provides an important contribution to the genetic tools emerging for Burkholderia spp. Vectors are available for gene complementation and expression, and gene fusion analyses. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Schweizer, HP (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Herbert.Schweizer@colostate.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI058141, Y1-AI-5004-01, AI065357, U54 AI065357, U54 AI065357-01] NR 15 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1754-2189 J9 NAT PROTOC JI Nat. Protoc. PY 2006 VL 1 IS 1 BP 162 EP 169 DI 10.1038/nprot.2006.25 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 232EX UT WOS:000251002200025 PM 17406228 ER PT J AU Perkins, RM Reynolds, JC Ahuja, TS Reid, T Agodoa, LY Bohen, EM Yuan, CM Abbott, KC AF Perkins, RM Reynolds, JC Ahuja, TS Reid, T Agodoa, LY Bohen, EM Yuan, CM Abbott, KC TI Thrombotic microangiopathy in United States long-term dialysis patients SO NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE dialysis; haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS); systemic lupus erythematosus; thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP); thrombotic microangiopathy; United States Renal Data System (USRDS) ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA AB Background. The incidence, risk factors, recurrence rates and prognosis of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) among long-term dialysis patients in the United States have not been previously described in a national population. Methods. 272 024 Medicare primary patients in the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) initiated on end-stage renal disease (ESRD) therapy between 1 April 1995 and 31 December 1999 with Medicare as primary payer were analysed in a retrospective cohort study of USRDS of TMA. Cox regression was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) for risk of TMA and risk of death after TMA. Results. The incidence of TMA in the first year of dialysis was 0.5% overall. Among patients with renal failure due to haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), the incidence of TMA was highest in the first year of dialysis (HUS, 11.3% first year, 4.5% per year thereafter), while among patients without HUS the incidence of TMA was much lower and more constant over time (0.3% per year). In Cox regression analysis, independent risk factors for TMA were renal failure due to HUS (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 179, 95% CI 95-338), paediatric age (<= 18 years vs older, AHR 2.59, 95% CI 1.48-4.55), female gender (AHR 1.99, 95% CI 1.43-2.78), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, AHR 3.66, 95% CI 1.49-8.51). One-year survival after TMA was poor at 58% (AHR for mortality 2.04, 95% CI 1.23-3.38). Conclusions. TMA is an uncommon cause of hospitalization after dialysis, but does recur in patients with HUS at a substantial rate. Younger age and SLE were risk factors for new onset TMA, which was associated with poor survival. Vigilant monitoring of select patients with HUS-related ESRD and higher-risk patients with SLE is warranted in the dialysis population. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Serv Nephrol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Perkins, RM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM robert.perkins@na.amedd.army.mil OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0931-0509 J9 NEPHROL DIAL TRANSPL JI Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 191 EP 196 DI 10.1093/ndt/gfi153 PG 6 WC Transplantation; Urology & Nephrology SC Transplantation; Urology & Nephrology GA 000BO UT WOS:000234436100035 PM 16204286 ER PT J AU Ivins, BJ Schwab, KA Baker, G Warden, DL AF Ivins, Brian J. Schwab, Karen A. Baker, Gayle Warden, Deborah L. TI Hospital admissions associated with traumatic brain injury in the US army during peacetime: 1990s Trends SO NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE traumatic brain injury; US Army; injury prevention; hospital admission practices ID UNITED-STATES-ARMY; HEAD-INJURY; MILITARY; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM; CARE; QUALITY; COSTS; SCANS; RISK AB Introduction: This paper examines 10-year trends in traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related hospitalization rates for active duty US Army personnel in the 1990s. It does this within the context of various factors, including enhanced injury prevention policies and changed hospital admission practices, that may have affected TBI hospitalization rates. It also compares TBI hospitalization rates in the Army to those from an age-comparable segment of the US civilian population over this time period. Methods: Crude (unadjusted) incidence rates for all active duty US Army personnel hospitalized with a TBI diagnosis from fiscal years (FY) 1990 to 1999 were calculated. Once the trends were identified, the percentage change in the overall rate, as well as the rates for different TBI severity levels, and in-hospital deaths from FY1990 and FY1999 were analyzed. Changes in age- and gender-specific rates as well as crude rates for cases with and without other injuries and cases treated in military and civilian hospitals were also analyzed. Rate ratios were used to compare aggregated 5-year TBI hospitalization rates in the Army to rates for civilians 17 - 49 years of age during the following time periods: 1990 - 1994 and 1995 - 1999. The rates used in the comparison were adjusted to control for differences in age and gender. Results: The overall incidence of TBI-related hospitalization in the Army decreased 75% from FY1990 to FY1999. The rates for all TBI severity levels decreased, but the rate for mild TBI decreased more than the rates for moderate and severe TBI. The rate of in-hospital deaths from TBI also decreased. Rates decreased similarly for males and females, across all age groups, as well as for cases with and without other injuries. TBI rates decreased for Army personnel treated in military hospitals but changed minimally for Army personnel treated in civilian hospitals. The Army's TBI hospitalization rates were generally higher than civilian rates in the early 1990s but by the late 1990s, most of the Army's rates were lower than or equal to the civilian rates. Conclusions: The incidence of TBI-related hospitalization in the active duty US Army decreased markedly (75%) during the 1990s. As a result, most of the Army's TBI hospitalization rates were lower than civilian rates by the late 1990s. Effective injury prevention and changes in the Army population were two of the factors that likely contributed to the decrease in rates for all TBI severity levels, while changes in hospital admission practices likely contributed to the disproportionate decrease in the Army's rates for mild TBI. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Washington, DC 20012 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Ivins, BJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, POB 59181, Washington, DC 20012 USA. EM brian.ivins@na.amedd.army.mil NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-5350 J9 NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY JI Neuroepidemiology PY 2006 VL 27 IS 3 BP 154 EP 163 DI 10.1159/000096127 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Clinical Neurology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 101XF UT WOS:000241773900006 PM 17035692 ER PT S AU Anastasi, RF Madaras, EI AF Anastasi, Robert F. Madaras, Eric I. BE Mufti, AA Gyekenyesi, AL Shull, PJ TI Terahertz NDE for metallic surface roughness evaluation SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION AND HEALTH MONITORING OF AEROSPACE MATERIALS, COMPOSITES, AND CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE V SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring of Aerospace Materials, Composites, and Civil Infrastructure V CY FEB 28-MAR 02, 2006 CL San Diego, CA DE terahertz; nondestructive evaluation; surface roughness AB Metallic surface roughness in a nominally smooth surface is a potential indication of material degradation or damage. When the surface is coated or covered with an opaque dielectric material, such as paint or insulation, then inspecting for surface changes becomes almost impossible. Terahertz NDE is a method capable of penetrating the coating and inspecting the metallic surface. The terahertz frequency regime is between 100 GHz and 10 THz and has a free space wavelength of 300 micrometers at 1 THz. Pulsed terahertz radiation, can be generated and detected using optical excitation of biased semiconductors with femtosecond laser pulses. The resulting time domain signal is 320 picoseconds in duration. In this application, samples are inspected with a commercial terahertz NDE system that scans the sample and generates a set of time-domain signals that are a function of the signal reflected from the metallic surface. Post processing is then performed in the time and frequency domains to generate C-scan type images that show scattering effects due to surface non-uniformity. C1 USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, AMSRD,ARL,VT,SM,Nondestruct Sci Branch,NASA,Langl, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Anastasi, RF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, AMSRD,ARL,VT,SM,Nondestruct Sci Branch,NASA,Langl, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM robert.f.anastasi@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6229-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6176 AR 61760O DI 10.1117/12.659463 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BEO64 UT WOS:000238482400018 ER PT S AU Corum, JS AF Corum, James S. BE Buckley, J TI The Luftwaffe in Normandy SO NORMANDY CAMPAIGN 1944: SIXTY YEARS ON SE Military History and Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Corum, James S.] USA Command, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. [Corum, James S.] Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Corum, JS (reprint author), USA Command, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1465-8488 BN 978-0-203-02888-9 J9 MIL HIST POLICY PY 2006 VL 24 BP 131 EP 146 PG 16 WC History; International Relations; Political Science SC History; International Relations; Government & Law GA BML97 UT WOS:000272758200011 ER PT J AU Moore, LE AF Moore, Lawrence E. TI Toward a still and quiet conscience: A study in reflexive archaeology SO NORTH AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CULTURE; WORLD C1 USA, Combat Support Training Ctr, Ft Hunter Liggett, CA USA. RP Moore, LE (reprint author), 62 River Dr, King City, CA 93930 USA. EM lemoore59@yahoo.com NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU BAYWOOD PUBL CO INC PI AMITYVILLE PA 26 AUSTIN AVE, PO BOX 337, AMITYVILLE, NY 11701 USA SN 0197-6931 J9 N AM ARCHAEOL JI N. Am. Archaeol. PY 2006 VL 27 IS 2 BP 149 EP 174 DI 10.2190/D93K-0W77-7548-8125 PG 26 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 183PI UT WOS:000247584300002 ER PT J AU Barrett, SB Graves, BC Blumeris, B AF Barrett, Stephen B. Graves, Brian C. Blumeris, Barbara TI The Mount Hope Bay tidal restriction Atlas: Identifying man-made structures which potentially degrade coastal habitats in Mount Hope Bay, Massachusetts SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Science in Mount Hope Bay CY MAY, 2003 CL Fairhaven, MA ID SALT-MARSH RESTORATION; ENGLAND AB For nearly a decade, Massachusetts resource managers have been systematically inventorying, assessing and restoring coastal wetlands degraded by infrastructure crossings such as bridges and culverts, which, unless properly designed and constructed, restrict tidal flow to upstream areas. These crossings-known as tidal restrictions -alter the natural flooding and flushing dynamics of coastal estuarine and wetland habitats, causing damage to salt marshes, eelgrass beds, and other important shellfish and finfish habitats. The Mount Hope Bay Tidal Restriction Atlas, undertaken by the Massachusetts Wetlands Restoration Program and the US Army Corps of Engineers, is the most recent addition to the statewide inventory effort. The Atlas lists a total of 74 potential tidal restrictions that were initially identified on maps and aerial photographs, of which 25 sites were documented using rapid field assessment techniques. Each field-visited site was assessed for severity of restriction and habitat impacts, potential environmental benefits of restoration, and logistical feasibility for implementing restoration. Using these factors, sites were prioritized using a high/medium/low scale. A three-page Site Assessment Report, which includes data, maps, and photographs, was generated for each field-visited site. The final Atlas was presented in an interactive digital format to allow users to query its database and readily move between data fields, maps, and photographs. The Atlas was distributed to stakeholders as a tool for use in restoration planning and implementation. C1 [Barrett, Stephen B.] Epsilon Assoc Inc, Maynard, MA 01754 USA. [Graves, Brian C.] Boston Globe, Boston, MA 02108 USA. [Blumeris, Barbara] USA, Corps Engineers, Concord, MA 01742 USA. RP Barrett, SB (reprint author), Epsilon Assoc Inc, 3 Clock Tower Pl,Suite 250, Maynard, MA 01754 USA. EM sbarrett@epsilonassociates.com NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2006 VL 13 SI 4 BP 31 EP 46 DI 10.1656/1092-6194(2006)13[31:TMHBTR]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 244LQ UT WOS:000251867800004 ER PT B AU Tsakonas, EE Sidiropoulos, ND Swami, A AF Tsakonas, E. E. Sidiropoulos, N. D. Swami, A. GP IEEE TI Time-frequency analysis using particle filtering: Closed-form optimal importance function and sampling procedure for a single time-varying harmonic SO NSSPW: NONLINEAR STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP: CLASSICAL, UNSCENTED AND PARTICLE FILTERING METHODS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nonlinear Statistical Signal Processing Workshop CY SEP 13-15, 2006 CL Corpus Christi Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, US Off Naval Res Global, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Acoust Soc Amer, Off Naval Res, Univ Cambridge HO Corpus Christi Coll AB We consider the problem of tracking the frequency and complex amplitude of a time-varying (TV) harmonic signal using particle filtering (PF) tools. Similar to previous PF approaches to TV spectral analysis, we assume that the frequency and complex amplitude evolve according to a Gaussian AR(1) model; but we concentrate on the important special case of a single TV harmonic. For this case, we show that the optimal importance function (that minimizes the variance of the particle weights) can be computed in closed form. We also develop a suitable procedure to sample from the optimal importance function. The end result is a custom PF solution that is more efficient than generic ones, and can be used in a broad range of important applications that postulate a single TV harmonic component, e.g., TV Doppler estimation in communications and radar. C1 [Tsakonas, E. E.; Sidiropoulos, N. D.] Tech Univ Crete, Dept ECE, Khania 73100, Crete, Greece. [Swami, A.] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sidiropoulos, ND (reprint author), Tech Univ Crete, Dept ECE, Khania 73100, Crete, Greece. EM etsakwnas@gmail.com; nikos@telecom.tuc.gr; a.swami@ieee.org FU Army Research Laboratory (ARL) through participation in the ARL Collaborative Technology Alliance (ARL-CTA) for Communications and Networks under Cooperative Agreement DADD [9-01-2-001 1]; ARO under ERO [N62558-03-C-0012] FX Supported in part by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) through participation in the ARL Collaborative Technology Alliance (ARL-CTA) for Communications and Networks under Cooperative Agreement DADD 19-01-2-001 1, and in part by ARO under ERO Contract N62558-03-C-0012. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0579-4 PY 2006 BP 9 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHG76 UT WOS:000253026800003 ER PT J AU Rozak, DA AF Rozak, David A. TI The practical and pedagogical advantages of an ambigraphic nucleic acid notation SO NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS LA English DT Article DE nucleic acid; ambigram; IUPAC notation; reverse complementation; palindrome AB The universally applied IUPAC notation for nucleic acids was adopted primarily to facilitate the mental association of G, A, T, C, and the related ambiguity characters with the bases they represent. However it is possible to create a notation that offers greater support for the basic manipulations and analyses to which genetic sequences frequently are subjected. By designing a nucleic acid notation around ambigrams, it is possible to simplify the frequently applied process Of reverse complementation and aid the visualization of palindromes. The ambigraphic notation presented here also uses common orthographic features such as stems and loops to highlight guanine and cytosine rich regions, support the derivation of ambiguity characters, and aid educators in teaching the fundamentals of molecular genetics. C1 Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Rozak, DA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM david.rozak@amedd.army.mil FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62154] NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1525-7770 J9 NUCLEOS NUCLEOT NUCL JI Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids PY 2006 VL 25 IS 7 BP 807 EP 813 DI 10.1080/15257770600726109 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 068RS UT WOS:000239392700010 PM 16898419 ER PT J AU Sarnecky, MT AF Sarnecky, Mary T. TI American Nightingale: The Story of Frances Slanger, Forgotten Heroine of Normandy SO NURSING HISTORY REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Sarnecky, Mary T.] USA, Off Med Hist, Off Surg Gen, Carlsbad, CA USA. RP Sarnecky, MT (reprint author), USA, Off Med Hist, Off Surg Gen, Carlsbad, CA USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 11 WEST 42ND STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 1062-8061 J9 NURS HIST REV JI Nurs. Hist. Rev. PY 2006 VL 14 BP 267 EP 269 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; History Of Social Sciences; Nursing SC History & Philosophy of Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Nursing GA V04LR UT WOS:000207060400026 ER PT S AU Klinman, DM Xie, H Ivins, BE AF Klinman, Dennis M. Xie, Hang Ivins, Bruce E. BE Tuschl, T Rossi, J TI CpG oligonucleotides improve the protective immune response induced by the licensed anthrax vaccine SO OLIGONUCLEOTIDE THERAPEUTICS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual Meeting of the Oligonucleotide-Therapeutics-Society CY 2005 CL New York, NY SP Oligonucletide Therapeut Soc DE anthrax; vaccine; adjuvant; CpG oligonucleotide; protection ID B SURFACE-ANTIGEN; BACTERIAL-DNA; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; SYNTHETIC OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; POTENT ENHANCER; DENDRITIC CELLS; CUTTING EDGE; MOTIFS; INFECTION AB Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG motifs act as immune adjuvants, improving the response elicited by a coadministered vaccine. Combining CpG ODN with anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA, the licensed human vaccine) increases the speed, magnitude, and avidity of the resultant antibody response. IgG Abs against anthrax protective antigen (PA) protect mice, guinuea pigs, and rhesus macaques from infection. C1 US FDA, Sect Retroviral Immunol, CBER, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Klinman, DM (reprint author), US FDA, Sect Retroviral Immunol, CBER, Bldg 29A Rm 3 D 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM Klinman@CBER.FDA.GOV NR 48 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1082 BP 137 EP 150 DI 10.1196/annals.1348.030 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BFO50 UT WOS:000243449900018 PM 17145935 ER PT B AU Chang, MH Pang, T Peny, M AF Chang, Mou-Hsiung Pang, Tao Peny, Moustapha BE Zhang, XS Liu, DG Wu, LY TI Stochastic optimal control problems with a bounded memory SO Operations Research and Its Applications SE Lecture Notes in Operations Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Operations Research and Its Applications CY AUG 08-12, 2006 CL Xinjiang, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Asia Pacific Operat Res Ctr, Chinese Acad Sci, Operat Res Soc China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Acad Math & Syst Sci, ILOG Corp DE stochastic control; stochastic functional differential equations; viscosity solutions; finite difference approximation ID EQUATIONS AB This paper treats a finite time horizon optimal control problem in which the controlled state dynamics is governed by a general system of stochastic functional differential equations with a bounded memory. An infinite-dimensional HJB equation is derived using a Bellman-type dynamic programming principle. It is shown that the value function is the unique viscosity solution of the HJB equation. In addition, the computation issues are also studied. More particularly, a finite difference scheme is obtained to approximate the viscosity solution of the infinite dimensional HJB equation. The convergence of the scheme is proved using the Banach fixed point theorem. The computational algorithm is also provided based on the scheme obtained. C1 USA, Res Off, Div Math, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Chang, MH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI BEIJING PA 137 CHAONEI DAJIE, BEIJING 100010, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-5062-7298-9 J9 LECT NOTES OPER RES PY 2006 VL 6 BP 82 EP 94 PG 13 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BFB26 UT WOS:000240675700006 ER PT S AU Okusaga, O Zhou, WM Carter, G AF Okusaga, Olukayode Zhou, Weimin Carter, Gary BE Digonnet, MJF Jiang, S TI Tunable optical true time delay generator for phased array antenna - art. no. 611608 SO Optical Components and Materials III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Components and Materials III CY JAN 23-25, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE AB We present an application of fiber Bragg gratings as tunable optical delays in transmission for use as true-time-delay line in a RF-Photonic phased array antenna. Most delay line applications using fiber gratings require that they be used in reflection mode and they can provide only discrete variation of time delay. It also requires the use of bulky and expensive optical circulators. We have designed an optical true time delay array generator using fiber gratings in cascading transmission mode for such applications which significantly simplified the system and lowered the cost. A wavelength tunable laser is used as the light source. The laser light is modulated by an RF-microwave input signal, then enters into the optical true time delay array generator to provide a sequence of time delays Delta t, 2 Delta t.... n Delta t. The goal is to obtain large group delay Delta t with low loss and with the capability of tuning At continuously by varying the wavelength of the laser. We combined an apodized grating profile, large index step and increased grating length to achieve our goal. We fabricated and tested the grating with about 100mm length which showed at least Delta t=60 ps tunable time delay range. We have demonstrated the applicability of the transmission-mode fiber Bragg gratings in an optical true-time-delay type of phased array antenna. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensor & Elect Devices Directorate, AMSRD,ARL,SE,EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Okusaga, O (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensor & Elect Devices Directorate, AMSRD,ARL,SE,EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6158-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6116 BP 11608 EP 11608 AR 611608 DI 10.1117/12.644802 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BEF91 UT WOS:000237161900006 ER PT S AU Gupta, N AF Gupta, Neelam BE Gannot, I TI Fiber-coupled AOTF spectrometers - art. no. 60830U SO Optical Fibers and Sensors for Medical Diagnostics and Treatment Applications VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Optical Fibers and Sensors for Medical Diagnostics and Treatment Application VI Conference CY JAN 21-22, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE acousto-optic tunable filters; AOTF; collinear; noncollinear; quartz; TeO2; acousto-optic spectrometers; AOS; optical fiber ID ACOUSTOOPTIC TUNABLE FILTER; HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGER; RAMAN SPECTROMETER; SPECTROPOLARIMETRIC IMAGER; REGION; PERFORMANCE; ULTRAVIOLET AB Acousto-optic (AO) technology is used to design compact, vibration-insensitive spectrometers with fairly high sensitivity and resolution. The design of such AO spectrometers (AOS's) is based on the phenomenon of an anisotropic Bragg diffraction in a birefringent crystal, i.e., quartz, lithium niobate, tellurium dioxide (TeO2), etc. The fundamental building block of an AOS is an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) cell used with a sensitive detector. There are two types of AOTF cells-(i) collinear where the incident and diffracted optical beams and the acoustic beam all propagate in the same direction and (ii) noncollinear where all these beams do not travel in the same direction-based on the design of the cell. We have developed a number of AOS's to cover wavelengths from the ultraviolet (UV) to the mid wave infrared (MWIR). Spectrometers using a collinear AOTF cell fabricated in a single crystal of quartz operate in the spectral range from 255 to 430 nm and from 400 to 800 nin and those fabricated in a single crystal of TeO2 with a noncollinear design operate from 1100 to 2700 nm and from 2000 to 4500 mn. We have developed special accessories to couple optical fiber(s) to such spectrometers for efficient light collection. In our laboratory, we are using these AOS's to measure emission, absorption, fluorescence, and Raman spectra. The development of these AOS's is discussed and compact portable fiber-coupled spectrometers based on quartz AOTF operating in the 255 to 800 nm spectral region are described and sample results are presented. Such spectrometers should be useful for medical diagnostics applications. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gupta, N (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Gupta, Neelam/B-8702-2013 NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6125-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6083 BP U830 EP U830 AR 60830U DI 10.1117/12.663002 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BEF58 UT WOS:000237102500021 ER PT S AU Poldmae, A Cabalo, J De Lucia, M Narayanan, F Strauch, L Sickenberger, D AF Poldmae, Aime Cabalo, Jerry De Lucia, Marla Narayanan, Fiona Strauch, Lester, III Sickenberger, David BE Carrano, JC Zukauskas, A TI Biological aerosol detection with the Tactical Biological (TAC-BIO) detector SO OPTICALLY BASED BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL DETECTION FOR DEFENCE III SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optically Biological and Chemical Detection for Defence III CY SEP 11-13, 2006 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN SP SPIE Europe DE biological agent detector; Solid-state Ultraviolet Optical Source (SUVOS); biological detection network; micro UV detector AB Ultra-violet fluorescence remains a cornerstone technique for the detection of biological agent aerosols. Historically, these UV based detectors have employed relatively costly and power demanding lasers that have influenced the exploitation of the technology to wider use. Recent advancements from the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency's (DARPA) Solid-state Ultra Violet Optical Sources (SUVOS) program have changed this. The UV light emitting diode (LED) devices based on Gallium Nitride offer a unique opportunity to produce small, low power, and inexpensive detectors. It may, in fact, be possible to extend the SUVOS technology into detectors that are potentially disposable. This report will present ongoing efforts to explore this possibility. It will present the Tactical Biological (TAC-BIO) detector as such a solution for low cost, low power, lightweight device for biological agent detection. C1 USA, ECBC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Poldmae, A (reprint author), USA, ECBC, 5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6496-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6398 AR 63980E DI 10.1117/12.687944 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BFR11 UT WOS:000243916000007 ER PT S AU Wraback, M Reed, ML Garrett, GA Sampath, AV Shen, H AF Wraback, M. Reed, M. L. Garrett, G. A. Sampath, A. V. Shen, H. BE Carrano, JC Zukauskas, A TI Device challenges for biodetection SO OPTICALLY BASED BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL DETECTION FOR DEFENCE III SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optically Biological and Chemical Detection for Defence III CY SEP 11-13, 2006 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN SP SPIE Europe DE GaN; AlGaN; femtosecond; time-resolved photoluminescence; luminescence downconversion; carrier localization; carrier lifetime; compositional fluctuations; radiative lifetime; radiative efficiency; nonradiative recombination; avalanche photodiode; gain ID GAN AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES; AL(X)GA1-XN ALLOYS; QUANTUM-WELLS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB Optical characterization of nitride semiconductors and device testing of ultraviolet emitters and detectors comprised of these materials are employed in addressing the challenges faced in developing semiconductor-based, compact, low-cost, low-power-consumption biodetection systems. Comparison of time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) on UV LED wafers prior to fabrication with subsequent device testing indicate that the best performance is attained from active regions that exhibit both reduced nonradiative recombination due to saturation of traps associated with point and extended defects and concomitant lowering of radiative lifetime with increasing carrier density. Temperature and intensity dependent TRPL measurements on a new material, AlGaN containing nanoscale compositional inhomogeneities (NCI), show that it inherently combines inhibition of nonradiative recombination with reduction of radiative lifetime, providing a potentially higher efficiency UV emitter active region. In addition, testing of GaN avalanche photodiodes (APDs) on low defect density bulk GaN substrates indicates that for the first time GaN APDs with diameters as large as 50 microns exhibit reproducible gain greater than 1000. These results show promise for replacement of photomultipliers in biodetection systems. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, AMSRL,SE,EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wraback, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, AMSRL,SE,EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6496-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6398 AR 63980W DI 10.1117/12.693124 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BFR11 UT WOS:000243916000018 ER PT S AU Patterson, PE Zara, JM AF Patterson, Paul E. Zara, Jason M. BE Otani, Y JanabiSharifi, F TI Real-time high-displacement amplified bimorph scanning mirror SO Optomechatronic Actuators, Manipulation, and Systems Control SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optomechatronic Actuators, Manipulation, and Systems Control CY OCT 01-03, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE micromirror; polyimide; piezoelectric; MEMS ID OPTICAL SCANNER; MICROMIRROR AB This paper provides an overview of recent research in the use of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) actuators for beam steering applications, including optical coherence tomography (OCT). Prototype scanning devices have been fabricated out of polyimide substrates using conventional integrated circuit technology. The devices utilize piezoelectric bimorphs to mechanically actuate the torsion mirror structure made of polyimide. The material properties of the polyimide allow very large scan angles to be realized in the devices while using low voltages. Prototype devices have demonstrated optical scan angles of over 80 degrees with applied voltages of only 40V. Different device sizes have also been demonstrated with resonant frequencies between 15-60Hz (appropriate for real-time imaging). Analytical models have been developed that predict resonant frequency of the device as well as the angular displacement of the mirror. Further finite element modeling (FEM) has been done using ANSYS. These models closely reflect measured scan angles of the prototype devices. Based upon these models, further refinements can be made to the design to produce specific resonant frequencies for use in a multitude of applications. These models are currently being used to design and fabricate multiple devices on a single wafer with minimal post processing requirements. The ability to fabricate these devices in bulk will reduce their cost and potentially make them disposable to reduce the cost of their use in numerous applications, including patient care when used in biomedical imaging applications. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Patterson, PE (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6472-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6374 BP U83 EP U91 DI 10.1117/12.686383 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BFQ93 UT WOS:000243902100010 ER PT S AU Wikner, DA AF Wikner, David A. BE Appleby, R Wikner, DA TI Passive millimeter-wave imagery of helicopter obstacles in a sand environment - art. no. 621103 SO Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology IX CY APR 19, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE passive millimeter wave; phenomenology; brightness temperature; sand; obstacles AB Operation of military helicopters in a dusty environment challenges pilots with reduced visibility. Passive millimeter-wave (MMW) imaging has the potential to be used in these environments to image through dust cloud obscurants. The millimeter-wave phenomenology of the sand environment and the obstacles present in that environment are explored in this work. A 93 GHz polarimetric passive MMW imager was used to characterize an obstacle-rich sand environment and the results are presented. It is shown that there is a strong polarimetric signature present for both sand and cinder block between 10 and 30 degrees depression angles. Also shown is the phenomenology associated with shadows on sand. It was determined that berms and ditches can be very difficult to detect using even a sensitive MMW radiometer. The results can be used to model the performance of passive MMW imaging systems in a sandy environment. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wikner, DA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6267-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6211 BP 21103 EP 21103 AR 621103 DI 10.1117/12.669170 PG 8 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES17 UT WOS:000239242400002 ER PT B AU Murray, W Sinnreich, RH AF Murray, Williamson Sinnreich, Richard Hart BE Murray, W Sinnreich, RH TI The past as prologue The importance of history to the military profession Introduction SO PAST AS PROLOGUE: THE IMPORTANCE OF HISTORY TO THE MILITARY PROFESSION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Sinnreich, Richard Hart] USA, Washington, DC USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-61963-9 PY 2006 BP 1 EP 11 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511818943 PG 11 WC History SC History GA BXM41 UT WOS:000296374600001 ER PT B AU Sinnreich, RH AF Sinnreich, Richard Hart BE Murray, W Sinnreich, RH TI Awkward partners: military history and American military education SO PAST AS PROLOGUE: THE IMPORTANCE OF HISTORY TO THE MILITARY PROFESSION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Sinnreich, RH (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-61963-9 PY 2006 BP 55 EP 77 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511818943 PG 23 WC History SC History GA BXM41 UT WOS:000296374600005 ER PT J AU Grinstead, B Koschan, A Gribok, A Abidi, MA Gorsich, D AF Grinstead, B Koschan, A Gribok, A Abidi, MA Gorsich, D TI Outlier rejection by oriented tracks to aid pose estimation from video SO PATTERN RECOGNITION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE outlier rejection; feature correspondence; feature matching; false matches; epipolar geometry; robust estimation ID EPIPOLAR GEOMETRY; RECONSTRUCTION; NAVIGATION; EGOMOTION AB This paper introduces a method for rejecting the false matches of points between successive views in a video sequence used to perform Pose from Motion for a mobile sensing platform. Typical methods for pose estimation require point correspondences to estimate the epipolar geometry between the two views. Algorithms for determining these correspondences invariably output false matches along with the good. We present an algorithm for identifying and removing these mismatches for scenes generated by a mobile scanning platform. The algorithm utilizes the motion characteristics of a rear-wheel drive sensing platform to identify correct point matches through their common motion trajectories. Our algorithm works in cases where the percentage of false matches may be as high as 80%, providing a set of correspondences whose correct/incorrect match ratio is higher than the mutual best match approach found in the literature. This algorithm is intended as a post-processing step for any point correspondence algorithm and its output can be used in standard pose estimation algorithms to enhance their speed and accuracy. Experimental results show the computational savings of our approach over the mutual best match method, resulting in comparable or better outlier rejection-increasing the true/false match ratio by 2-3 times-in only a fraction of the time. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Imaging Robot & Intelligent Syst Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USA, RDECOM Tank Automot Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Univ Tennessee, Imaging Robot & Intelligent Syst Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 334 Ferris Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM bgrinste@utk.edu NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8655 EI 1872-7344 J9 PATTERN RECOGN LETT JI Pattern Recognit. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 27 IS 1 BP 37 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.patrec.2005.06.013 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 988MX UT WOS:000233606400005 ER PT J AU Donovan, DJ Smith, AB Petermann, GW AF Donovan, Daniel J. Smith, Alice B. Petermann, Gregory W. TI Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the velum interpositum presenting as a spontaneous intraventricular hemorrhage in an infant: Case report with long-term survival SO PEDIATRIC NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE atypical teratoid/ rhabdoid tumor; brain neoplasm; hemorrhage; velum interpositum ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MALIGNANT RHABDOID TUMOR; BRAIN; CHILDHOOD; THERAPY AB Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors ( ATRT) of infancy are highly malignant neoplasms that are most common in the first 2 years of life. We present the case of a 3-month-old girl who presented with the acute onset of generalized seizures and was found to have a large spontaneous intraventricular hemorrhage. The blood masked an underlying ATRT of the velum interpositum in the midline of the lateral ventricles and roof of the third ventricle, the first reported case in this location. Serial imaging studies and two ventriculoscopic biopsies were required to establish the diagnosis of the tumor in this unique location and in the midst of an evolving hematoma. After surgical resection, the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy. At 4-year follow-up, the child is neurologically intact, meeting normal developmental milestones, and imaging studies show no evidence of tumor. ATRT were previously associated with an extremely poor prognosis, but more recent evidence with complete surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy shows extended survival in some cases, supporting an aggressive and comprehensive approach to give these patients the best chance for a good outcome. Spontaneous brain hemorrhage in a full-term infant requires a diligent and persistent search to rule out an underlying neoplasm. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Neurosurg Serv, MCHK, DSN,Dept Surg, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Donovan, DJ (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Neurosurg Serv, MCHK, DSN,Dept Surg, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM donovand001@hawaii.rr.com NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1016-2291 J9 PEDIATR NEUROSURG JI Pediatr. Neurosurg. PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 187 EP 192 DI 10.1159/000091866 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Surgery GA 120CC UT WOS:000243060200013 PM 16636624 ER PT J AU Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Rossman, DI Durst, HD AF Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Rossman, DI Durst, HD TI Reaction of 1,3-dithiane with trifluoromethylthiocopper SO PHOSPHORUS SULFUR AND SILICON AND THE RELATED ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE 1,3-dithialane; 1,3-dithiane; free-radical reactions; ring cleavage products; trifluoromethylthiocopper ID MASS-SPECTRA; TRIFLUOROMETHYLSULFENYL CHLORIDE; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; ELECTRON-IMPACT; REAGENTS; CARBANIONS; CHEMISTRY; BIS-1,3-DITHIOLANES; ORGANOMETALLICS; FRAGMENTATION AB The 1,3-dithiane ring undergoes cleavage even under mild neutral reaction conditions when heated in the presence of trifluoromethylthiocopper. The free-radical nature of the reaction was confirmed by the characterization of bis(trifluoromethyl) disulfide as one of the products. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Munavalli, S (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, POB 68, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM shekar.munavalli@us.army.mil NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-6507 J9 PHOSPHORUS SULFUR JI Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 181 IS 1 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1080/104265090969027 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 006US UT WOS:000234923600012 ER PT S AU Taysing-Lara, M Zhou, WM Dang, G Mackie, DM Newman, PG AF Taysing-Lara, Monica Zhou, Weimin Dang, Gerard Mackie, David M. Newman, Peter G. BE Adibi, A Lin, SY Scherer, A TI Fabrication of reconfigurable photonic bandgap-MEMS waveguide device - art. no. 61281L SO Photonic Crystal Materials and Devices IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Crystal Materials and Devices IV CY JAN 23-26, 2006 CL San Jose, CA DE photonic crystal; MEMS; photonic bandgap; reconfigurable device; waveguide; optoelectronics; semiconductor device fabrication AB We present the development of a fabrication technique for a semiconductor-based photonic crystal (PhC) nano-membrane device with reconfigurable active waveguides using micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. This device can be used as a basic building block for optoelectronic integrated circuits that can be reprogrammed for different functionalities such as switches, modulators, time delay lines, resonators, etc. The device is fabricated three-dimensionally on GaAs/Alx1GaAs/Alx2GaAs epitaxial layers on a GaAs substrate. The device has a top PhC membrane layer structure composed of hexagonal holes in a triangular lattice. Below that, a separate suspended bridge layer can insert a line of posts into the PhC holes to create a defect line. This MEMS feature can generate/cancel a section of the waveguide in the PhC platform, or (by partial removal) it can change the dispersion of the waveguide. Therefore, the same structure can be used as different types of devices. In this paper, we will discuss detailed fabrication processes for such a multi-layer 3D device structure, including e-beam lithography, inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching, and multiple steps of regular photolithography and selective wet chemical etching. The unique processing sequence allows us to fabricate the multi-layer 3D device structure from one top surface without regrowth, wafer bonding, or access from the back surface. This simplifies the device processing and reduces the fabrication cost. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Taysing-Lara, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6170-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6128 BP L1281 EP L1281 AR 61281L DI 10.1117/12.644357 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Optics SC Crystallography; Optics GA BEN15 UT WOS:000238247900041 ER PT S AU DiCarlo, CD Martinsen, GL Garza, T Grado, A Morin, J Brown, A Stolarski, D Cain, C AF DiCarlo, Cheryl D. Martinsen, Gary L. Garza, Thomas Grado, Andres Morin, Juan Brown, Araceli Stolarski, David Cain, Clarence BE Kollias, N Zeng, H Choi, B Malek, RS Wong, BJF Ilgner, JFR Trowers, EA DeRiese, WTW Gregory, KW Tearney, GJ Marcu, L Hirschberg, H Madsen, SJ Lucroy, MD Tate, LP TI Functional and behavioral metrics for evaluating laser retinal damage SO PHOTONIC THERAPEUTICS AND DIAGNOSTICS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics II CY JAN 21-24, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE multifocal electroretinogram; mfERG; laser retinal injury; nonhuman primate; contrast sensitivity; visual acuity ID MULTIFOCAL ERG AB The use of lasers by both the military and civilian community is rapidly expanding. Thus, the potential for and severity of laser eye injury and retinal damage is increasing(1). Sensitive and accurate methods to evaluate and follow laser retinal damage are needed. The multifocal electroretinograrn (mfERG) has the potential to meet these criteria. In this Study, the mfERG was used to evaluate changes to retinal function following laser exposure. Landolt C contrast acuity was also measured in the six behaviorally trained Rhesus monkeys. The monkeys then received Nd:YAG laser lesions (1064 nm, 9 ns pulse width) in each eye. One eye received a single foveal lesion of approximately 0.13 mJ total intraocular exposure (TIE) and the other received six parafoveal lesions which varied in TIE from 0.13 to 4 mJ. mfERGs and behavioral data were collected both pre- and post-exposure. mfERGs were recorded using stimuli that contained 103, 241, and 509 hexagons. Landolt C contrast acuity was measured with five sizes of Landolt C (0.33 to 11.15 cycles/degree) of varying contrast. mfERG response densities were sensitive to the functional retinal changes caused by the laser insult. In general, larger lesions showed greater mfERG abnormalities than smaller laser lesions. Deficits in contrast acuity were found to be more severe in the eyes with foveal injuries. Although the mfERG and contrast acuity assess different areas of the visual system, both are sensitive to laser-induced retinal damage and may be complementary tests for laser eye injury triage. C1 [DiCarlo, Cheryl D.] USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave,Suite B, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Martinsen, Gary L.] Air Force Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. [Garza, Thomas; Morin, Juan] TRUE Res Fdn, San Antonio, TX 78217 USA. [Grado, Andres; Brown, Araceli] US Army Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. [Stolarski, David; Cain, Clarence] Northrop Grumman Informat Technol, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RP DiCarlo, CD (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave,Suite B, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. FU The U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity [DAMD17-02-2-0061] FX This research was conducted with funding from the Peer-Reviewed Medical Research Program grant number DAMD17-02-2-0061 (The U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity, 820 Chandler Street, Fort Detrick MD 21702-5014). The content of this paper does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the U.S. Government and no official endorsement should be inferred. The authors would like to thank Mr. Leon Hale (TRUE Foundation) for his assistance in animal training, the staff of the Air Force Research Laboratory Veterinary Sciences Branch (AFRL/HEDV) for their expert animal care and Mr. Andre Akers, U.S. Army Medical Research Detachment (USAMRD), Brooks City-base for his assistance with visual images. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6120-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6078 AR 607837 DI 10.1117/12.652232 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BEF69 UT WOS:000237107600069 ER PT S AU LeFevre, VC Lindberg, WR AF LeFevre, Vicki C. Lindberg, William R. BE Yu, FTS Guo, R Yin, SS TI Fiber optic gyroscopes and the accomplishments of the DARPA-Sponsored GPS Guidance Package Program - art. no. 63140B SO Photorefractive Fiber and Crystal Devices: Materials, Optical Properties, and Applications XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photorefractive Fiber and Crystal Devices - Materials, Optical Properties and Applications XII CY AUG 16-17, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE DARPA; tightly-coupled; fiber-optic gyroscope; silicon accelerometer; GPS; high dynamics; inertial navigation systems; GGP; manufacturability; navigation-grade AB The Global Positioning System (GPS) Guidance Package (GGP) Program developed an affordable, navigation-grade, miniature guidance package based on a tightly coupled, integrated combination of a Miniature GPS Receiver (MGR) and miniature Inertial Navigation System (INS) including associated processors and Adaptable Interface Unit (AIU) functions. The GGP INS used Interferometric Fiber Optic Gyroscopes (IFOGs) and micro-machined silicon accelerometers. Several key challenges were met by the GGP Program. The first key challenge and the focus of this paper is the development of the navigation grade IFOGs. These gyroscopes, with a drift requirement of <= 0.01 degree per hour, enable pure inertial navigation at or less than I nautical mile per hour error growth. Also, IFOGS offered the potential for low cost by avoiding the precision optics assemblies of in-production navigation grade Ring Laser Gyroscopes (RLGs). The success in producing the IFOG was greatly benefited by a companion program: the Flexible IFOG Manufacturability Program. This program involved developing machinery for automated assembly in areas such as integrated optical circuits, fiber couplers, solid state light sources and precision fiber coil winding. The successes of this program resulted in reducing fabrication time, increasing performance, increasing yield and reducing cost. For example IFOG fabrication process time for one system contractor was reduced from eight days to 12 hours by automating the coil winding. This enabled not only the timely production of gyros wound with more than 1000 meters of fiber for GGP but also enabled a lasting manufacturability legacy for future INSs. C1 USA, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP LeFevre, VC (reprint author), USA, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6393-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6314 BP B3140 EP B3140 AR 63140B DI 10.1117/12.684470 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BFI10 UT WOS:000241968400007 ER PT S AU Ashley, PR Temmen, MG Diffey, WM Sanghadasa, M Bramson, MD Lindsay, GA Guenthner, AJ AF Ashley, Paul R. Temmen, Mark G. Diffey, William M. Sanghadasa, Mohan Bramson, Michael D. Lindsay, Geoffrey A. Guenthner, Andrew J. BE Yu, FTS Guo, R Yin, SS TI Components for IFOG based inertial measurement units using active and passive polymer materials - art. no. 93140J SO Photorefractive Fiber and Crystal Devices: Materials, Optical Properties, and Applications XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photorefractive Fiber and Crystal Devices - Materials, Optical Properties and Applications XII CY AUG 16-17, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE integrated optics devices; gyroscopes; electro-optic polymers; polymer waveguides AB Highly accurate, compact, and low cost inertial measurement units (IMUs) are needed for precision guidance in navigation systems. Active and passive polymer materials have been successfully used in fabricating two of the key guided-wave components, the phase modulator and the optical transceiver, for IMUs based on the interferometric fiber optic gyroscope (IFOG) technology. Advanced hybrid waveguide fabrication processes and novel optical integration techniques have been introduced. Backscatter compensated low loss phase modulators with low half-wave drive voltage (V-pi) have been fabricated with CLD- and FTC-type high performance electro-optic (E-O) chromophores. A silicon-bench architecture has been used in fabricating high gain low noise transceivers with high optical power while maintaining the spectral quality and long lifetime. Gyro bias stability of less than 0.02 deg/hr has been demonstrated with these components. A review of the novel concepts introduced, fabrication and integration techniques developed and performance achieved are presented. C1 USA, RDECOM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Ashley, PR (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6393-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6314 BP J3140 EP J3140 AR 93140J DI 10.1117/12.683541 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BFI10 UT WOS:000241968400014 ER PT J AU Scafetta, N Ray, A West, BJ AF Scafetta, N Ray, A West, BJ TI Correlation regimes in fluctuations of fatigue crack growth SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION; PROPAGATION; RELAXATION; DYNAMICS; MODEL AB This paper investigates correlation properties Of fluctuations in fatigue crack growth of polycrystalline materials, such as ductile alloys, that are commonly encountered in structures and machinery components of complex electromechanical systems. The rnodel of crack damage measure indicates that the fluctuations of fatigue crack growth are characterized by strong correlation patterns within short-time scales and are uncorrelated for larger time scales. The two correlation regimes suggest that the 7075-T6 aluminum alloy, analyzed in this paper, is characterized by a micro-structure which is responsible for an intermittent correlated dynamics of fatigue crack growth within a certain scale. The constitutive equations of the damage measure are built upon the physics of fracture mechanics and are substantiated by Karhunen-Loeve decomposition of fatigue test data. Statistical orthogonality of the estimated damage measure and the resulting estimation error are demonstrated in a Hilbert space setting. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Army Res Off, Div Math, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Scafetta, N (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM nicola.scafetta@duke.edu OI Scafetta, Nicola/0000-0003-0967-1911 NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 359 BP 1 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.physa.2005.03.052 PG 23 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 986RD UT WOS:000233466500001 ER PT S AU Syrkin, A Usikov, A Soukhoveev, V Kovalenkov, O Ivantsov, V Dmitriev, V Collins, C Readinger, E Shmidt, N Davydov, V Nikishin, S Kuryatkov, V Song, D Rosenbladt, D Holtz, M AF Syrkin, A. Usikov, A. Soukhoveev, V. Kovalenkov, O. Ivantsov, V. Dmitriev, V. Collins, C. Readinger, E. Shmidt, N. Davydov, V. Nikishin, S. Kuryatkov, V. Song, D. Rosenbladt, D. Holtz, Mark BE Hildebrandt, S Stutzmann, M TI InN-based layers grown by modified HVPE SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 3, NO 6 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-6) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Bremen, GERMANY ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY AB This paper contains results on InN and InGaN growth by Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy (HVPE) on various substrates including sapphire and GaN/sapphire, AlGaN/sapphire, and AlN/sapphire templates. The growth processes are carried out at atmospheric pressure in a hot wall reactor in the temperature range from 500 to 750 degrees C. Continuous InN layers are grown on GaN/sapphire template substrates. Textured InN layers are deposited on AlN/sapphire and AlGaN/sapphire templates. Arrays of nano-crystalline InN rods with various shapes are grown directly on sapphire substrates. X-ray diffraction rocking curves for the (002) InN reflection have the full width at half maximum (FWHM) as narrow as 270 arcsec for the nanorods and 460 arcsec for the continuous layers. InxGa1-xN layers with InN content up to 10 mol. % are grown on GaN/sapphire templates. (c) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 [Syrkin, A.; Usikov, A.; Soukhoveev, V.; Kovalenkov, O.; Ivantsov, V.; Dmitriev, V.] Technol & Devices Int Inc, 12214 Plum Orchard Dr, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. [Collins, C.; Readinger, E.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Shmidt, N.; Davydov, V.] Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Nikishin, S.; Kuryatkov, V.; Song, D.; Rosenbladt, D.; Holtz, Mark] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Syrkin, A (reprint author), Technol & Devices Int Inc, 12214 Plum Orchard Dr, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. EM asyrkin@tdii.com RI Davydov, Valery/E-6060-2010 FU U.S. Department of Energy in a frame of Solid State Lighting Program [DE-FG02-03ER83802]; DARPA SUVOS program; NSF [ECS-0304224] FX TDI, Inc. gratefully acknowledges the support of the U.S. Department of Energy in a frame of Solid State Lighting Program (Grant DE-FG02-03ER83802). The support of DARPA SUVOS program, and NSF ECS-0304224 Contract is gratefully acknowledged by the Texas Tech University. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-VCH, INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2006 VL 3 IS 6 BP 1444 EP 1447 DI 10.1002/pssc.200565454 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BEU53 UT WOS:000239543600016 ER PT S AU Garrett, GA Sampath, AV Collins, CJ Readinger, ED Sarney, WL Shen, H Wraback, M SoukhoveW, V Usikov, A Dmitriev, V AF Garrett, G. A. Sampath, A. V. Collins, C. J. Readinger, E. D. Sarney, W. L. Shen, H. Wraback, M. SoukhoveW, V. Usikov, A. Dmitriev, V. BE Hildebrandt, S Stutzmann, M TI Defect density dependence of luminescence efficiency and lifetimes in AlGaN active regions exhibiting enhanced emission from nanoscale compositional inhomogeneities SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 3, NO 6 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-6) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Bremen, GERMANY ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; QUANTUM-WELLS; ALLOYS; EPILAYERS; DYNAMICS AB AlGaN epilayers grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy and exhibiting high internal quantum efficiency (up to 30%) are incorporated into double-heterostructure devices grown on base layers of varying defect density. Growth of these AlGaN active layers, having increased emission from localization of carriers in regions of nanoscale compositional inhomogeneities, is found to benefit from base layers of reduced defect density, including thick AlGaN templates grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. Nonlinear radiative processes are observed at high optical excitation for layers grown on lower defect base layers. (c) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 [Garrett, G. A.; Sampath, A. V.; Collins, C. J.; Readinger, E. D.; Sarney, W. L.; Shen, H.; Wraback, M.] USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD USA. [SoukhoveW, V.; Usikov, A.; Dmitriev, V.] Technol & Devices Int Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Garrett, GA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD USA. EM ggarrett@arl.army.mil NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-VCH, INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2006 VL 3 IS 6 BP 2125 EP 2128 DI 10.1002/pssc.200565448 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BEU53 UT WOS:000239543600175 ER PT J AU Childs, JD Cleland, JA AF Childs, JD Cleland, JA TI Development and application of clinical prediction rules to improve decision making in physical therapist practice SO PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE clinical decision rule; decision; diagnosis; diagnostic accuracy; likelihood ratio; prognosis; sensitivity; specificity ID DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS; LOW-BACK-PAIN; ACUTE KNEE INJURIES; OTTAWA ANKLE RULES; CONTINUING MEDICAL-EDUCATION; SPINAL MANIPULATION; METHODOLOGICAL STANDARDS; PRACTICE GUIDELINES; PULMONARY-EMBOLISM; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS C1 Baylor Univ, USA, Doctoral Program Phys Therapy, San Antonio, TX USA. Franklin Pierce Coll, Dept Phys Therapy, Concord, NH USA. Concord Hosp, Rehabil Serv, Concord, NH USA. RP Childs, JD (reprint author), 508 Thurber Dr, Schertz, TX 78154 USA. EM childsjd@sbcglobal.net NR 50 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 N FAIRFAX ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0031-9023 J9 PHYS THER JI Phys. Ther. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 86 IS 1 BP 122 EP 131 PG 10 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation GA 997RH UT WOS:000234264400012 PM 16386067 ER PT J AU Godkar, PB Gordon, RK Ravindran, A Doctor, BP AF Godkar, PB Gordon, RK Ravindran, A Doctor, BP TI Celastrus paniculatus seed oil and organic extracts attenuate hydrogen peroxide- and glutamate-induced injury in embryonic rat forebrain neuronal cells SO PHYTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Celastrus paniculatus; Celastraceae; antioxidants; neuroprotection; neuronal cells; free radicals; glutamate; hydrogen peroxide; neurodegenerative diseases; neurotoxicity ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; DODECYLGLYCEROL; PERFORMANCE; HUPERZINE; TOXICITY; CULTURES; BINDING; SYSTEM; PLANTS AB Seed oil of Celastrus paniculatus Willd. (CP) has been reported to improve memory and the methanolic extract (ME) of CP was shown to exhibit free-radical-scavenging properties and anti-oxidant effects in human non-immortalized fibroblasts. In the present study, we have investigated the free-radical-scavenging capacity of CP seed oil (CPO) and two extracts, an ethanolic extract (EE) and a ME. CPO and EE showed dose-dependent, free-radical-scavenging capacity, but to a lesser degree than observed for ME. Oxidative stress involves the generation of free radicals and free radical scavenging is one of the mechanisms of neuroprotection. We therefore investigated the effects of CPO, ME, and EE for protection against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))- and glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in embryonic rat forebrain neuronal cells (FBNC). Pretreatment of neuronal cells with CPO dose-dependently attenuated H(2)O(2)-induced neuronal death. Pre-treatment with ME and EE partially attenuated H(2)O(2)-induced toxicity, but these extracts were less effective than CPO for neuronal survival. In H(2)O(2)-treated cells, cellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was unaffected, but catalase activity was decreased and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased. Pre-treatment with CPO, ME, or EE increased catalase activity and decreased MDA levels significantly. Also, CPO pre-treatment attenuated glutamate-induced neuronal death dose-dependently. The activity of cellular acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was not affected by CPO, ME, or EE, suggesting that the neuroprotection offered by CPO was independent of changes in AChE activity. Taken together, the data suggest that CPO, ME, and EE protected neuronal cells against H(2)O(2)-induced toxicity in part by virtue of their antioxidant properties, and their ability to induce antioxidant enzymes. However, CPO, which exhibited the least antioxidant properties, was the most effective in preventing neuronal cells against H(2)O(2)- and glutamate-induced toxicities. Thus, in addition to free-radical scavenging attributes. the mechanism of CP seed component (CP-C) neuroprotection must be elucidated. (c) 2005 Elsevier GrnbH. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Dept Biochem Pharmacol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Environm Physiol Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Gordon, RK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Dept Biochem Pharmacol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM richard.gordon@na.amedd.army.mil NR 42 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-7113 J9 PHYTOMEDICINE JI Phytomedicine PD JAN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.phymed.2003.11.001 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 010NE UT WOS:000235200600005 PM 16360930 ER PT J AU Warfield, KL Swenson, DL Olinger, GG Nichols, DK Pratt, WD Blouch, R Stein, DA Aman, MJ Iversen, PL Bavari, S AF Warfield, Kelly L. Swenson, Dana L. Olinger, Gene G. Nichols, Donald K. Pratt, William D. Blouch, Robert Stein, David A. Aman, M. Javad Iversen, Patrick L. Bavari, Sina TI Gene-specific countermeasures against Ebola virus based on antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article AB The filoviruses Marburg virus and Ebola virus ( EBOV) quickly outpace host immune responses and cause hemorrhagic fever, resulting in case fatality rates as high as 90% in humans and nearly 100% in nonhuman primates. The development of an effective therapeutic for EBOV is a daunting public health challenge and is hampered by a paucity of knowledge regarding filovirus pathogenesis. This report describes a successful strategy for interfering with EBOV infection using antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs). A combination of EBOV- specific PMOs targeting sequences of viral mRNAs for the viral proteins (VPs) VP24, VP35, and RNA polymerase L protected rodents in both pre- and post-exposure therapeutic regimens. In a prophylactic proof-of- principal trial, the PMOs also protected 75% of rhesus macaques from lethal EBOV infection. The work described here may contribute to development of designer, "druggable'' countermeasures for filoviruses and other microbial pathogens. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. AVI BioPharma, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Bavari, S (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. EM sina.bavari@amedd.army.mil OI Olinger, Gene/0000-0001-7338-0292 NR 1 TC 89 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-7366 EI 1553-7374 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 2 IS 1 BP 5 EP 13 AR e1 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.0020001 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA V42VD UT WOS:000202894100002 PM 16415982 ER PT S AU Raglin, A Wetmore, A Ligon, D AF Raglin, Adrienne Wetmore, Alan Ligon, David BE Goldstein, DH Chenault, DB TI Characterization and analysis of infrared images - art. no. 624002 SO Polarization: Measurement, Analysis, and Remote Sensing VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization - Measure, Analysis and Remote Sensing VII CY APR 20-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE image processing and polarimetric imaging AB Stokes images in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) and methods for processing polarimetric data continue to be areas of interest. Stokes images which are sensitive to geometry and material differences are acquired by measuring the polarization state of the received electromagnetic radiation. The polarimetric data from Stokes images may provide enhancements to conventional IR imagery data. It is generally agreed that polarimetric images can reveal information about objects or features within a scene that are not available through other imaging techniques. This additional information may generate different approaches to segmentation, detection, and recognition of objects or features. Previous research where horizontal and vertical polarization data is used supports the use of this type of data for image processing tasks. In this work we analyze a sample polarimetric image to show both improved segmentation of objects and derivation of their inherent 3-D geometry. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Raglin, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6296-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6240 BP 24002 EP 24002 AR 624002 DI 10.1117/12.665677 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES03 UT WOS:000239205400002 ER PT S AU Deitzel, JM Krauthauser, C Harris, D Pergantis, C Kleinmeyer, J AF Deitzel, J. M. Krauthauser, C. Harris, D. Pergantis, C. Kleinmeyer, J. BE Reneker, DH Fong, H TI Key parameters influencing the onset and maintenance of the electrospinning jet SO POLYMERIC NANOFIBERS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID ELECTRICALLY FORCED JETS; POLYMER MELTS; BENDING INSTABILITY; NANOFIBERS; FIELD; MORPHOLOGY; LIQUIDS AB Electrospinning is a process by which submicron polymer fibers can be generated through use of an electrostatically driven jet of polymer solution. Use of electrospun nanofibers in electronic, biomedical, and protective clothing applications often involves the incorporation of some sort of functionalized particulate (i.e. carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, clay silicates, etc.). The current work uses conventional and high speed imaging techniques to study the motion of particles in the linear portion of electrostatically driven jets of Polyethylene oxide/water solutions. Observation of the motion of carbon particles using conventional video reveals the presence of eddy currents in the meniscus from which the jet originates. High-speed video of the motion of urethane particles in the liquid jet has been used to measure jet velocities, which range from 1-2 meters/second depending on initial processing conditions. The effect of solution viscosity, field strength, and flow rate on jet velocity and shear rate have implications for the scale up of the electrospinning process and are discussed in detail. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19702 USA. USA, Res Lab, Terminal Effects Div, Armor Mech Branch, Aberdeen, MD 21003 USA. USA, Res Lab, Div Mat, Multifunct Mat Branch, Aberdeen, MD 21003 USA. RP Deitzel, JM (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19702 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3919-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2006 VL 918 BP 56 EP 73 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Polymer Science GA BEM23 UT WOS:000238115600005 ER PT S AU Schreuder-Gibson, HL Gibson, P AF Schreuder-Gibson, Heidi L. Gibson, Phil BE Reneker, DH Fong, H TI Applications of electrospun nanofibers in current and future materials SO POLYMERIC NANOFIBERS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID POLYMER; FABRICATION; FIBERS AB The search for practical applications of electrospun microfibers and nanofibers is primarily concentrated on filters, membranes, and biomedical devices. This chapter reviews current progress towards developing new applications of electrospinning. The production of submicron as well as nanometer sized fibers by electrospinning was reported early in the 20(th) century (1-5). Over the intervening decades, research has continued around the world, resulting in over one hundred patents and publications. Research today continues to focus on new methods of producing nanofibers, including an increased understanding of electrospinning and its applications. These studies have resulted in process improvements that have increased the speed of electrospinning, increased the strength of the resulting nanofiber web, and may lead to better control of electrospun membrane features such as fiber size, fiber orientation and porosity for future applications. C1 USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Schreuder-Gibson, HL (reprint author), USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RI Gibson, Phillip/D-2398-2010 OI Gibson, Phillip/0000-0002-6172-4438 NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3919-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2006 VL 918 BP 121 EP 136 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Polymer Science GA BEM23 UT WOS:000238115600009 ER PT S AU Drew, C Wang, XY Samuelson, LA Kumar, J AF Drew, Christopher Wang, Xianyan Samuelson, Lynne A. Kumar, Jayant BE Reneker, DH Fong, H TI Electrostatic assembly of polyelectrolytes on electrospun fibers SO POLYMERIC NANOFIBERS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID MULTILAYERS; ADSORPTION; FILMS AB Electrostatic layering of polyelectrolytes and charged titanium dioxide nanoparticles was demonstrated on the surface of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers. The surface chemistry of the electrospun fibers was modified by immersing them in a heated aqueous solution of 1.0 N sodium hydroxide. The resulting surface groups of carboxylic acid were then used to build alternanting layers of polycations and polyanions to form nanometer-scale composite archetechtures. Since the polyacrylonitrile in the nanofibers were not entirely converted to acrylic acid, the fibers remained insoluble in water, unlike electrospun polyelectrolytes. This difference allows layer-by-layer assembly that pure polyelectrolyte nanofibers do not. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, RDECOM, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Drew, C (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3919-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2006 VL 918 BP 137 EP 148 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Polymer Science GA BEM23 UT WOS:000238115600010 ER PT S AU Krauthauser, C Deitzel, JM O'Brien, D Hrycushko, J AF Krauthauser, C. Deitzel, J. M. O'Brien, D. Hrycushko, J. BE Reneker, DH Fong, H TI Optical properties of transparent resins with electrospun polymer nanofibers SO POLYMERIC NANOFIBERS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID NANOCOMPOSITES AB Model composites have been made using electrospun Nylon 6,6 nanofibers with diameters of similar to 100 nm. Resins used include both transparent epoxy and vinyl ester resins. Optical measurements using a white light source have been made to evaluate the degree of light transmission, haze, and clarity for the composites. A simple model describing the transmission of light through the composite specimen has been developed. This model relates fiber volume fraction, fiber diameter, indices of refraction of both fiber and matrix, and sample thickness to the percentage of light transmitted. The model demonstrates that submicron fiber diameters are necessary in order to maintain a high degree of transparency. Predictions of the model are in good agreement with experimental data. The work shows that processing issues such as resin wet-out of the nanofiber fabric and mitigation of void formation are key factors to obtaining clear nanofiber composites. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Armor Mech Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. USA, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Krauthauser, C (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3919-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2006 VL 918 BP 353 EP + PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Polymer Science GA BEM23 UT WOS:000238115600025 ER PT B AU Barnes, L Alvis, W Fields, MA Valavanis, K Moreno, W AF Barnes, Laura Alvis, Wendy Fields, MaryAnne Valavanis, Kimon Moreno, Wilfrido GP IEEE TI Swarm formation control with potential fields formed by bivariate normal functions SO PROCEEDINGS OF 2006 MEDITERRANEAN CONFERENCE ON CONTROL AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation CY JUN 28-30, 2006 CL Ancona, ITALY DE swarm; formation control; potential fields; limiting functions AB A novel method is presented for swarm formation control with potential fields generated from bivariate normal probability density functions (pdfs) that construct the surface the swarm members move upon controlling the swarm geometry and member spacing as well as manage obstacle avoidance. Limiting functions provide tighter swarm control by modifying and adjusting a set of control variables, forcing the swarm to behave according to set constraints. Bivariate normal functions and limiting functions are combined to guarantee obstacle avoidance and control swarm member orientation and swarm movement as a whole. The presented approach, compared to others, is simple, computationally efficient, and scales well to different swarm sizes and swarm models. The method is applied to a simple vehicle model, and simulation results are presented on a homogeneous swarm of ten robot vehicles for different formations. C1 [Barnes, Laura; Valavanis, Kimon] Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Fields, MaryAnne] US Army, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Alvis, Wendy; Moreno, Wilfrido] Univ S Florida, Dept Elect Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Barnes, L (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM lbarnes3@csee.usf.edu; trietley@eng.usf.edu; mafld@arl.army.mil; kvalavan@csee.usf.edu; moreno@eng.usf.edu FU U.S. Army Research Office(ARO) [W91-11NF-06-1-0069] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Army Research Office (ARO) Grant Number W91-11NF-06-1-0069. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9786720-1-0 PY 2006 BP 537 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BFP78 UT WOS:000243663000094 ER PT B AU Gao, Y Huang, AQ Chen, B Agarwal, AK Krishnaswami, S Scozzie, C AF Gao, Yan Huang, Alex Q. Chen, Bin Agarwal, Anant K. Krishnaswami, Sumi Scozzie, Charles GP IEEE TI Analysis of SiCBJT RBSOA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 18TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES & ICS SE International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs CY JUN 04-08, 2006 CL Univ Naples Feder II, Naples, ITALY SP IEEE, Pels HO Univ Naples Feder II AB The reverse biased safe operating area (RBSOA) of 1200V SiC BJT has been systematically analyzed by numerical simulation and experiments for the first time and compared with those for Si BJT. A square RBSOA of SiC BJT is predicted and verified by experiments. Our experiment results show that the SiC BJT can safely turn off 1100V, 67A (2990A/cm(2)), corresponding to 3.7 MW/cm(2) peak turn-off power density. This is an extremely high power density indicating that no early "Second Breakdown" occurs. C1 [Gao, Yan; Huang, Alex Q.; Chen, Bin] North Carolina State Univ, Semicond Power Elect Ctr, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Agarwal, Anant K.; Krishnaswami, Sumi] Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Scozzie, Charles] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gao, Y (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Semicond Power Elect Ctr, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RI Huang, Alex/Q-9784-2016 OI Huang, Alex/0000-0003-3427-0335 FU Army Research Laboratory in Adelphi, Md [DAAD17-03-C-0117] FX This research was funded through the DAAD17-03-C-0117 program supported by the Army Research Laboratory in Adelphi, Md. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA J9 INT SYM POW SEMICOND PY 2006 BP 281 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEQ57 UT WOS:000238922500074 ER PT B AU Ballato, A AF Ballato, Arthur GP IEEE TI Compound resonators and microweighing sensors SO Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY JUN 04-07, 2006 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; YOUNGS MODULUS; ELASTIC-MODULI; ROCK-SALT; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY; SOLIDS; NICKEL; MEDIA; WAVES AB Simplified derivations of the Quimby compound resonator (QCR) equations are provided, with their reduction to the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) forms, for both the originafly assumed condition of negligible transducer piezDcoupling, as well as for the much more interesting case where both the transducer and unknown possess arbitrary piezoelectric coupling factors. For the QCM configuration, the accuracy of the mass determination depends somewhat upon where the frequency measurements are made on the impedance circle. For the QCR situation where both transducer and measurand are piezoelectric, the piezocoupling may be determined along with the elastic coefficients, by alterations in the electrical boundary conditions. C1 USA, Commun Elect RDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Ballato, A (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect RDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0073-7 PY 2006 BP 186 EP 191 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BFP95 UT WOS:000243684700032 ER PT B AU Kim, Y AF Kim, Yoonkee GP IEEE TI Measurements of doubly-rotated-cuts of langasite isomorph SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY JUN 04-07, 2006 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE ID RESONATORS; TEMPERATURE; LANGANITE; LANGATATE AB In this paper, we report the measured properties of doubly-rotated cuts of bulk-acoustic-wave resonators made of a langasite isomorph material. Test resonators with plano-convex blanks (14 mm diameter, 2 diopter, nominal 10 Nmz 5(th) OT) were fabricated for four different cuts: (theta = 10 degrees, phi = 10 degrees), (theta = 10 degrees, phi = 20 degrees), (theta = 20 degrees, phi = 10 degrees) (theta = 20 degrees, phi = 20 degrees). Using an impedance analyzer, we were able to measure strongly excited fundamental and 3rd overtones of the c- and b-modes, along with their anharmonic modes, as evidenced by their low motional resistances. The a-modes were weakly excited but could also be measured. The theoretical values of eigenmode velocities and piezoelectric coupling coefficients of the doubly-rotated cuts were obtained by solving Christoffel equations. The theoretical values were compared to the measured ones. The frequency-temperature (f-t) characteristics were also measured in the temperature range of -55 degrees C to 85 degrees C. The f-t curves of the c- and b-modes showed parabolic characteristics. C1 USA, Commun Elect Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0073-7 PY 2006 BP 563 EP 566 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BFP95 UT WOS:000243684700105 ER PT B AU Zhang, HF Turner, JA Yang, JS Kosinski, JA AF Zhang, Haifeng Turner, Joseph A. Yang, Jiashi Kosinski, John A. GP IEEE TI Sensitivity of electroelastic effect to nonlinear material behavior in langasite resonators SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY JUN 04-07, 2006 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE ID QUARTZ AB Langasite is of interest for resonator applications for several reasons including its good temperature behavior, good piezoelectric coupling, low acoustic loss and high Q factor. Biasing effects for such resonators, crucial for design applications, depend on an accurate understanding of the effects from nonlinear material constants. Accurate experimental determination of the nonlinear elastic, piezoelectric, dielectric and electrostrictive constants requires the evaluation of the contribution of different nonlinear material constants to the biasing effect. In this article, the shift of resonant frequency due to applied electrical field is discussed for thickness-mode langasite resonators. The resonant frequency is determined as a function of static electrical field applied in the thickness direction. A variety of plano-plano langasite resonators with different material orientations are considered. Of particular interest for this article is the sensitivity of the observed frequency shifts with respect to changes in the nonlinear elastic, piezoelectric, electrostrictive and dielectric constants. First-order perturbation integral theory is used for the theory and numerical analysis to determine the frequency shifts and sensitivities. Implications with respect to interpretation of measurements are discussed. C1 [Zhang, Haifeng; Turner, Joseph A.; Yang, Jiashi] Univ Nebraska, Dept Engn Mech, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Kosinski, John A.] US Army CECOM, ATTN, AMSEL, RD,IWI, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Zhang, HF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Engn Mech, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RI Turner, Joseph/F-5165-2010 FU Army Research Office [DAAD19-01-1-0443] FX This research was supported by the Army Research Office under Grant No. DAAD19-01-1-0443. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0073-7 PY 2006 BP 670 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BFP95 UT WOS:000243684700124 ER PT B AU Brooks, CA Chesir, A Lindy, E McConnell, JA Farah-Stapleton, M AF Brooks, Charles A. Chesir, Aaron Lindy, Erica McConnell, Jon A. Farah-Stapleton, Monica GP IEEE TI Design approach to implement implicit traffic in a simulation environment SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 03-06, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB As the United States' Army attempts to spiral future force technologies into the current force, realistic representations of network-centric warfare become a priority for modeling and simulation (M&S). Specifically, future communications systems will provide different performance and capabilities than current systems, and these new capabilities need to be represented by the Army's M&S. In order to enable realistic analysis, the new communications systems models will need to be loaded by realistic representations of traffic flows to ensure the accuracy of the command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance (C4ISR) analysis results. This paper will present a design approach and a series of algorithms to implement implicit traffic in the Future Combat Systems (FCS) Simulation Environment (FSE). The paper will focus on a phased approach for the generation of implicit traffic that will realistically load the modeled communications networks as the level of explicit traffic within the simulation environment increases from a small percentage to a large percentage of overall traffic. C1 [Brooks, Charles A.; Chesir, Aaron; Lindy, Erica; McConnell, Jon A.] MITRE Corp, Eatontown, NJ 07724 USA. [Farah-Stapleton, Monica] US Army Commun Elect Res, Dev & Engn Ctr CERDEC, Fort Monmouth, NJ USA. RP Brooks, CA (reprint author), MITRE Corp, Eatontown, NJ 07724 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0500-8 PY 2006 BP 1234 EP + DI 10.1109/WSC.2006.323218 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BGE17 UT WOS:000246261202043 ER PT B AU Hurt, T McDonnell, J McKelvy, T AF Hurt, Tom McDonnell, Joe McKelvy, Tim GP IEEE TI The modeling architecture for technology, research, and experimentation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 03-06, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB The Modeling Architecture for Technology, Research, and eXperimentation (MATREX) program is the foremost distributed modeling and simulation environment in the US Army, providing a unifying M&S architecture, supporting tools, and infrastructure to ease the integration and use of multi-resolution live, virtual, and constructive (LVC) applications. We present the MATREX program overview and objectives, describe the current state of the architecture, tools, and services, and discuss near-term developmental efforts. We then briefly address two applications of the MATREX environment, namely the application in the Future Combat System Lead Systems Integrator System of System Integration Laboratory, and the Cross Command Collaboration Effort. Finally, we describe the lessons learned in the process, describing the obstacles encountered and the mitigation techniques employed, as well as the program successes. C1 [Hurt, Tom] USA, Army Res Dev & Engn Command Syst Syst Integrat, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. [McDonnell, Joe] Dynam Animat Syst Inc, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. [McKelvy, Tim] US Army Aviat & Missile, Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Syst Simulat & Dev Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Hurt, T (reprint author), USA, Army Res Dev & Engn Command Syst Syst Integrat, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0500-8 PY 2006 BP 1261 EP + DI 10.1109/WSC.2006.323222 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BGE17 UT WOS:000246261202047 ER PT B AU Tollefson, ES Schamburg, JB Yamauchi, HM AF Tollefson, Eric S. Schamburg, Jeffrey B. Yamauchi, Harold M. GP IEEE TI A methodology for conducting composite behavior model verification in a combat simulation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 03-06, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB The United States Army's One Semi-Automated Forces (OneSAF) Objective System (OOS) is the next generation of Army high resolution combat models. Its development has leveraged the ever-increasing computing power available today to represent highly complex battlefield phenomena, particularly human behavior. In the fall of 2005, the Product Manager (PM) OneSAF asked us to conduct a verification of the orderable, composite behavior models within OOS. As a result, we developed and executed a unique process to verify those behaviors under tight resource constraints. Our methodology and test designs allowed us to evaluate the behaviors thoroughly with a minimum number of scenarios. Based upon our work, we were able to verify a number of composite behaviors and to provide valuable feedback to the PM OneSAF. In this paper, we provide an overview of the problem, a description of the methodology we developed, and a summary of our challenges and results. C1 [Tollefson, Eric S.; Schamburg, Jeffrey B.] US Army TRADOC Anal Ctr, Building 245, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Yamauchi, Harold M.] US Army TRADOC Anal Ctr, Rolands & Assoc Corp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tollefson, ES (reprint author), US Army TRADOC Anal Ctr, Building 245, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU PM OneSAF FX This study was supported by the PM OneSAF team, who provided a tremendous amount of information, training, and resources. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not purport to reflect the position of PM OneSAF, the TRADOC Analysis Center, the Department of the Army, or the Department of Defense. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0500-8 PY 2006 BP 1286 EP + DI 10.1109/WSC.2006.323226 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BGE17 UT WOS:000246261202051 ER PT B AU Carey, WJ Wiebe, AJ Altgilbers, LL Nunnally, WC AF Carey, W. J. Wiebe, A. J. Altgilbers, L. L. Nunnally, W. C. GP IEEE TI Pulse discharge characteristics of surface mount capacitors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 27TH INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM AND 2006 HIGH VOLTAGE WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Power Modulator Symposium/2006 High Voltage Workshops CY MAY 14-18, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Dielect, Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, DEIS AB ARC Technology is developing pulse generators for extremely compact geometries requiring megawatts of power and milliJoule to Joule of total energy. These devices are to be constructed with surface mount components and circuit board fabrication techniques to minimize volume, cost, and production time. Clearly, the components in these circuits are operating well beyond their design specifications. Therefore, this paper examines the energy storage and peak power capabilities of various surface mount capacitor technologies and vendors to determine their applicability in miniature pulsed power circuits. C1 [Carey, W. J.; Wiebe, A. J.] ARC Technol, 13076 NW 120th St, Whitewater, KS USA. [Altgilbers, L. L.] US Army, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL 14172 USA. [Nunnally, W. C.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Carey, WJ (reprint author), ARC Technol, 13076 NW 120th St, Whitewater, KS USA. EM carey@arc-tech.us; wiebe@arc-tech.us; larry.altgilbers@us.arrny.mil; nunnallyw@missouri.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0018-8 PY 2006 BP 141 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGF53 UT WOS:000246445300033 ER PT B AU MacDougall, F Ennis, J Yang, XH Seal, K Cooper, R Spinks, B Jow, TR AF MacDougall, Fred Ennis, Joel (Chip) Yang, Xiao Hui Seal, Ken Cooper, Robert Spinks, Brian Jow, T. Richard GP IEEE TI Fast discharge, high energy density capacitor performance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 27TH INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM AND 2006 HIGH VOLTAGE WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Power Modulator Symposium/2006 High Voltage Workshops CY MAY 14-18, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Dielect, Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, DEIS C1 [MacDougall, Fred; Ennis, Joel; (Chip) Yang, Xiao Hui; Seal, Ken; Cooper, Robert; Spinks, Brian] Gen Atom Elect Syst Inc, 4949 Greencraig Lane, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. [Jow, T. Richard] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP MacDougall, F (reprint author), Gen Atom Elect Syst Inc, 4949 Greencraig Lane, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory [W911QX-04-D-0003] FX The research reported in this document/presentation was performed in connection with contract W911QX-04-D-0003 with the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0018-8 PY 2006 BP 196 EP 196 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGF53 UT WOS:000246445300047 ER PT B AU O'Brien, H Shaheen, W Bayne, SB AF O'Brien, Heather Shaheen, William Bayne, Stephen B. GP IEEE TI Evaluation of a 4 mm x 4 mm SiC GTO at Temperatures up to 150 degrees C and Varying Pulse Width SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 27TH INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM AND 2006 HIGH VOLTAGE WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Power Modulator Symposium/2006 High Voltage Workshops CY MAY 14-18, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Dielect, Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, DEIS AB The U. S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is evaluating silicon carbide Super GTOs (SGTOs) ill to determine the extent of silicon carbide's capabilities as a possible replacement for silicon in future pulsed switching applications. Individual SiC die measuring 4 mm x 4 mm were pulsed at high temperatures and varying pulse widths. These SGTOs were switched in an RLC circuit at temperatures up to 150 degrees C. At this peak temperature, they were switched as high as 3.2 kA and repetitively pulsed at 2.6 kA and 5 Hz for greater than 14,000 pulses. A pulse forming network (PFN) was also designed to increase the pulse width and the action seen by the SiC devices. At ambient temperature and a peak current of 2 kA, SiC SGTOs were switched in the PFN at a 50% pulse width of 40 lis and an action of 150 A(2)s. This report includes further data on high temperature and wide pulse width testing, as well as analysis of the devices' failure points. C1 [O'Brien, Heather; Shaheen, William] US Army Res Lab, Berkeley Res Assoc, Attn Berkeley Contractor, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Bayne, Stephen B.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP O'Brien, H (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Berkeley Res Assoc, Attn Berkeley Contractor, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0018-8 PY 2006 BP 211 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGF53 UT WOS:000246445300051 ER PT B AU O'Brien, H Shaheen, W Crowley, T Bayne, SB AF O'Brien, Heather Shaheen, William Crowley, Timothy Bayne, Stephen B. GP IEEE TI Evaluation of a 10 kV 400 kA SiSGTO at High dI/dt SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 27TH INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM AND 2006 HIGH VOLTAGE WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Power Modulator Symposium/2006 High Voltage Workshops CY MAY 14-18, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Dielect, Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, DEIS AB The evaluation of each 10 kV, 400 kA Si SGTO included a visual inspection and high-potting of each component module prior to pulsing. The complete unit was then switched in a low inductance RLC circuit to test voltage and current capabilities and maximize dI/dt. Devices were switched as many as 70 times without failure. Voltage sharing between the layers was within +/- 2%, and current sharing between the modules was 5% of ideal sharing. The peak rate of current rise attained was 40 kA/mu s, and the 50% pulse width of the current was 26 mu s. The peak power switched was 1.06 GW, and the action of the forward current pulse reached 6.4 MA(2)s. This report includes details on the methods for evaluating the 400 kA SGTO, challenges faced and peak performance of the devices under single shot pulsing conditions. C1 [O'Brien, Heather; Shaheen, William; Crowley, Timothy] US Army, Berkeley Res Assoc, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Bayne, Stephen B.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP O'Brien, H (reprint author), US Army, Berkeley Res Assoc, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0018-8 PY 2006 BP 236 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGF53 UT WOS:000246445300058 ER PT B AU Crowley, T O'Brien, H Shaheen, W Bayne, SB AF Crowley, Tim O'Brien, Heather Shaheen, William Bayne, Stephen B. GP IEEE TI Evaluation of 10 kV, 80 kA si SGTO switching components for army pulsed power applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 27TH INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM AND 2006 HIGH VOLTAGE WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Power Modulator Symposium/2006 High Voltage Workshops CY MAY 14-18, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Dielect, Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, DEIS AB The U.S. Army Research Lab (ARL) is investigating the switching capabilities of advanced silicon devices for high current pulsed power applications. These solid state switches are intended to replace more traditional vacuum switches. The benefits of these switches are higher dI/dt, peak power levels and current densities, increased reliability and lifetime, and smaller switch volume [1]. The peak current achieved by the device was 83.3 kA, with a 10% to 90% rise time of 3.5 mu s while a 0.263 MA(2) s without failure. The peak power of the device during this test shot was 78.7 MW. ARL is collaborating with Silicon Power Corp. (SPCO) to evaluate Super-GTO performance and improve upon switch/buss bar packaging for pulsed power applications. C1 [Crowley, Tim; O'Brien, Heather; Shaheen, William] US Army, Berkeley Res Assoc, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Bayne, Stephen B.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Crowley, T (reprint author), US Army, Berkeley Res Assoc, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0018-8 PY 2006 BP 240 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGF53 UT WOS:000246445300059 ER PT B AU Zirnheld, J Halstead, EM Burke, K Hood, M Singh, H AF Zirnheld, J. Halstead, E. M. Burke, K. Hood, M. Singh, H. GP IEEE TI Determination of electromagnetic wave propagation from an electrically pulsed thin film SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 27TH INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM AND 2006 HIGH VOLTAGE WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Power Modulator Symposium/2006 High Voltage Workshops CY MAY 14-18, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Dielect, Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, DEIS AB The Energy Systems Institute is currently performing pulsed-power flashover research on thin films arranged in various geometries. Currently the research is focused on the power transfer characteristics of the film, which consists of a polypropylene layer with a thin aluminum coating on it. It is also known that the surface arcing that occurs when an appropriate electrical pulse is applied to the film is affected by the presence of magnetic and electric fields. By arranging the film in various geometries, the electric and magnetic fields produced by the current will be altered, thereby changing the behavior of the plasma and surface arcing. Therefore, it is important to know the spatial and temporal dependence of these fields so that the resultant surface arcing can be understood and even predicted. In order to do this, a model will be fitted to the experimental current waveform and used in a theoretical treatment of the electrodynamic processes. The necessary calculations will be performed numerically and the results presented as a function of space and time. C1 [Zirnheld, J.] SUNY Buffalo, Energy Syst Inst, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Singh, H.] US Army RDECOM, ARDEC, Adv Energy Armament Syst Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Zirnheld, J (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Energy Syst Inst, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. FU U.S. Army's Advanced Energy Armament Systems Center at RDECOM-ARDEC, [DAAE30-03-1-0200] FX This effort is sponsored by the U.S. Armys Advanced Energy Armament Systems Center at RDECOM-ARDEC, under grant number DAAE30-03-1-0200. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. Distribution statement A. Approved for public release. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0018-8 PY 2006 BP 529 EP + DI 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365303 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGF53 UT WOS:000246445300135 ER PT B AU Zirnheld, J Olabisi, S Strzempka, P Halstead, A Urbanczyk, B Moore, H AF Zirnheld, J. Olabisi, S. Strzempka, P. Halstead, A. Urbanczyk, B. Moore, H. GP IEEE TI Effect of substrate thickness on exploding films SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 27TH INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM AND 2006 HIGH VOLTAGE WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Power Modulator Symposium/2006 High Voltage Workshops CY MAY 14-18, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Dielect, Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, DEIS AB The exploding wire phenomenon is well researched due to its vast and practical applications which include, but are not limited to, shock wave generation, pulsed power, Z pinch physics, plasma ignition, fuses, and fusing applications. However, the focus of this research is on a surrogate for exploding wires. In this research, metallized capacitor grade-polypropylene film was used as an alternative for the traditional wire of a uniform diameter. The films that were studied have a broad variety of thicknesses ranging from 7 micron to 5 mil, lengths ranging from 5.08 cm to 19.05 cm, and sheet resistances of 1 ohm/square and 7 ohms/square. These films were used to study the effect of film properties on the transient plasma generation mechanism when exposed to a rapid high voltage discharge. The effect of these properties can be seen in the current waveform, similar to that of a uniform diameter exploding wire. By precisely understanding how the film properties affect the transient plasma formation, one can fine tune these variables to control the resulting characteristic pulse wave shape to fit a desired application. C1 [Zirnheld, J.] SUNY Buffalo, Energy Syst Inst, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Moore, H.] US Army RDECOM, ARDEC, Adv Energy Armament Syst Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Zirnheld, J (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Energy Syst Inst, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. FU U.S. Army's Advanced Energy 20 Armament Systems Center at RDECOM-ARDEC [DAAE3O-03-1-0200] FX This effort is sponsored by the U.S. Army's Advanced Energy Armament Systems Center at RDECOM-ARDEC, under grant number DAAE30-03-1-0200. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. Distribution statement A. Approved for public release. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0018-8 PY 2006 BP 533 EP + DI 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365304 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGF53 UT WOS:000246445300136 ER PT B AU Sarjeant, WJ Berkow, J Olabisi, S Hood, M Struzik, K Singh, H AF Sarjeant, W. J. Berkow, J. Olabisi, S. Hood, M. Struzik, K. Singh, H. GP IEEE TI Inductance, capacitance, and resistance of a surrogate exploding wire SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 27TH INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM AND 2006 HIGH VOLTAGE WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Power Modulator Symposium/2006 High Voltage Workshops CY MAY 14-18, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Dielect, Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, DEIS AB Recent research into the exploding wire phenomenon has shown that capacitor grade metallized polypropylene film (MPPF) may perform as a surrogate to an exploding wire. The reaction of the MPPF to a high voltage capacitive discharge is similar to that of an exploding wire. A key difference that exists between the MPPF and the wire is that due to geometry, the stray capacitance and inductance of the film may have an effect on plasma formation. Tests have been performed on three types of MPPF to determine a relation, if any, between the impedance of the film and the formation of the plasma. MPPF samples of a fixed width with varying lengths were subjected to a 2.5 kV capacitive discharge. Trends in current, power, time duration, and energy as functions of length were compared to the measured inductance, capacitance, and resistance. C1 [Sarjeant, W. J.] SUNY Buffalo, Energy Syst Inst, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Singh, H.] US Army RDECOM, ARDEC, Adv Energy Armament Syst Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. RP Sarjeant, WJ (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Energy Syst Inst, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. FU U.S. Army's Advanced Energy Armament Systems Center at RDECOM-ARDEC [DAAE30-03-1-0200] FX This effort is sponsored by the U.S. Army's Advanced Energy Armament Systems Center at RDECOM-ARDEC, under grant number DAAE30-03-1-0200. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. Distribution statement A. Approved for public release. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0018-8 PY 2006 BP 537 EP + DI 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365305 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGF53 UT WOS:000246445300137 ER PT B AU Sarjeant, WJ Halstead, A Burke, K Lange, R Mahan, J Moore, H AF Sarjeant, W. J. Halstead, A. Burke, K. Lange, R. Mahan, J. Moore, H. GP IEEE TI Characterization of exploding film plasmas using emission spectroscopy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 27TH INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM AND 2006 HIGH VOLTAGE WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Power Modulator Symposium/2006 High Voltage Workshops CY MAY 14-18, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Dielect, Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, DEIS AB Exploding films have a variety of potential applications including current interrupters, ignition of energetic materials, and sources of intense light. However, characterization of these events remains a challenge as the average duration of an event is only on the order of 100 mu s in our studies. An effort to obtain a complete understanding of the exploding film and plasma generation phenomena is underway. This paper investigates the spectral and electrical output of exploding film events on metallized polypropylene film samples. Assuming the plasma generated from the exploding film is a blackbody radiator, peak temperature can be estimated using trends of wavelength versus intensity. This data allows for a more accurate characterization of the plasma that results from the exploding films. A holistic understanding of the deterministic mechanisms of the plasma enables future controllability and tunability in exploding film applications. C1 [Sarjeant, W. J.] SUNY Buffalo, Energy Syst Inst, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Moore, H.] US Army RDECOM, ARDEC, Adv Energy Armament Syst Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Sarjeant, WJ (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Energy Syst Inst, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. FU U.S. Army's Advanced Energy Armament Systems Center at RDECOM-ARDEC [DAAE30-03-1-0200] FX This effort is sponsored by the U.S. Army's Advanced Energy Armament Systems Center at RDECOM-ARDEC, under grant number DAAE30-03-1-0200. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. Distribution statement A. Approved for public release. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0018-8 PY 2006 BP 541 EP + DI 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365306 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGF53 UT WOS:000246445300138 ER PT S AU Yang, YP Buche, R Chang, MH Ramezani, V AF Yang, Yipeng Buche, Robert Chang, Mou-Hsiung (Harry) Ramezani, Vahid GP IEEE TI Power control for mobile communications with delayed state information in heavy traffic SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 45TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-14 SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 13-15, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID TIME-VARYING CHANNELS; STABILITY AB Heavy traffic methods are well studied in wireline queueing networks but only recently have been applied to wireless queueing systems with their random environments (due to channel variations, multi-access interference, etc.) Under the heavy traffic method, one can obtain a limit model approximating the queueing dynamics and it typically has the form of a stochastic differential equation with reflection (SDER). With the emergence of large high-speed wireless networks, modeling even small delays is important as they can strongly affect the network dynamics. In this paper, we consider a delayed version of the SDER (DSDER) where we introduce a deterministic delay in the state representing the queueing dynamics. Due to the special structure of DSDER, we observe that delayed state information enters the dynamics only through the controller so the control problem can viewed as control under partial observation. For solving the control problem we apply the separation principle as an approximation in a numerical Markov chain method approach. Simulation results are presented showing the promise of this approach. C1 [Yang, Yipeng] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Buche, Robert] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Chang, Mou-Hsiung (Harry)] Army Res Off, Math Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Ramezani, Vahid] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Ramezani, Vahid] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Yang, YP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM yang_yipeng@yahoo.com; rtbuche@unity.ncsu.edu; mouhsiung.chang@us.army.mil; vramezani@i-a-i.com NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-0170-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2006 BP 1923 EP 1929 DI 10.1109/CDC.2006.377231 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BHD08 UT WOS:000252251604057 ER PT B AU Arnas, AO AF Arnas, A. Oezer GP ASME TI On the history of ESDA - 1992 to present SO Proceedings of the 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis, Vol 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis CY JUL 04-07, 2006 CL Turin, ITALY SP ASME AB The Engineering Systems Design and Analysis (ESDA) conference was started by the then Petroleum Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). Petroleum Division was, and still is under the umbrella organization International Petroleum Technology Institute of ASME International, one of the very active, forward looking, and entrepreneurial group of engineers whose sole purpose is to serve their membership through technical activities that will benefit society at large. Their leaders have always been very creative, open minded, and helpful to the engineers they served as well as all who needed their expertise. It was under this type of leadership that ESDA was born in 1992. In 2000, after the 5(th) Biennial Conference in Montreux, Switzerland, a meeting was held by the Petroleum Division Chairman, the General and Technical Program Chairmen of ESDA 2000, two staff members from the Petroleum Division, the Chair of the Swiss Section, and the ASME Region XIII Vice President where it was decided to turn over the responsibilities for future conferences of ESDA to the international region of ASME, Region XIII. Thus, this, the third conference since then, has become the premier conference for this region of ASME and is still thriving at this the 8(th) Biennial Conference in Torino. C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Arnas, AO (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4248-5 PY 2006 BP 309 EP 312 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Robotics GA BGP35 UT WOS:000249557200033 ER PT B AU Hampton, RD Nygren, KP Li, TH AF Hampton, R. David Nygren, Kip P. Li, Ting H. GP ASME TI Analytical shock response of a transversely point-loaded linear rectangular plate SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 8TH BIENNIAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING SYSTEMS DESIGN AND ANALYSIS, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Biennial ASME Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis CY JUL 04-07, 2006 CL Turin, ITALY SP ASME AB Ballistic shock, the strong vibrations that propagate through a vehicle structure after a ballistic impact, can damage electronic components that are mounted on various interior locations of the vehicle. To protect onboard critical electronic components from ballistic shock damage, predicted shock response spectra (SRS) are used as design guidelines in the selection of shock isolation devices. Current technology to predict shock response intensity at component mounting locations includes Finite Element Analysis, Statistical Energy Analysis, and various other modeling approaches. The Army Research Laboratory is implementing a process to determine component damage probability based on a numerical modal superposition method. This process allows detailed modeling of an entire vehicle (including instrumentation racks) but requires months of effort to perform skillful FEA modeling. Such an expenditure is acceptable only for unique high value vehicles, and is impractical for analysis of many vehicles. Therefore it is desirable to investigate alternative shock analysis methods that are simple and general (i.e., independent of specific vehicle configurations). Although such methods could entail reduced accuracy, for situations that are applicable they would eliminate the need of time-consuming finite element modeling, and could used in a variety of vehicles. As such, the methods could be used for "screening" for rapid identification of potential shock-damage issues. If necessary, further detailed analysis could be accomplished subsequently. When an armored vehicle is subjected to a non-perforating large-caliber munitions impact or blast, direct mounted components that are near the impact location will always risk the highest damage potential. Live fire ballistic tests and laboratory experiments as well as numerical modeling have proved this observation. The research presented in this paper develops, from an exact continuous model, a constant- and lumped-parameter, linear matrix model of a homogeneous, ballistic shock. The model is provided in a form suitable for eigen-analysis intended to yield kinematic responses for SRS determination. Damping can be included in either Rayleigh or modal form. The enabled "same-plate" shock analysis, while not encompassing an entire military vehicle, would treat the most severe cases of shock response, for components mounted directly on the impacted plate. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, West Point, NY 10928 USA. RP Hampton, RD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, West Point, NY 10928 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4250-8 PY 2006 BP 479 EP 486 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BGP37 UT WOS:000249558200056 ER PT B AU Yen, CF AF Yen, C. F. GP ASME TI Modeling of composite material behavior for blast and ballistic impact SO Proceedings of the 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis, Vol 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis CY JUL 04-07, 2006 CL Turin, ITALY SP ASME ID FIBER-COMPOSITES; STRAIN AB A robust computational constitutive model has been developed to characterize the progressive failure behavior of composite laminates under blast and ballistic impact conditions. In this study, the capacity of the progressive failure model integrated within LS-DYNA has been evaluated by performing simulations of blast and ballistic impact composite panels. Correlation results indicated that the current composite model can be used to quantify the composite ballistic impact and blast damage behavior with reasonable accuracy. The present composite material model can provide insight into the damage development and progression that occurs during the ballistic impact or blast loading of lightweight composite armor. The availability of this design tool will greatly facilitate the development of composite structures with enhanced ballistic survivability. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM MD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Yen, CF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM MD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4250-8 PY 2006 BP 783 EP 789 PG 7 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BGP37 UT WOS:000249558200089 ER PT B AU Pasquina, PF Fitzpatrick, KF AF Pasquina, PF Fitzpatrick, KF BE FatiukHaight, ED TI The Walter Reed experience: Current issues in the care of the traumatic amputee SO Proceedings of the American Academy of Orthotists and Prosthetists LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th State-of-the-Science Conference on Lower Limb Prosthetic Outcomes Measures CY SEP 07-09, 2005 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Acad Orthotists & Prosthetists ID VALIDITY; DUTY AB Military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan have resulted in a significant increase in the number of traumatic amputees receiving care in the military medical system. Combat casualties with amputations present unique medical, surgical, and rehabilitation challenges. Multiple factors such as the complexity of soft tissue trauma and number and nature of comorbid conditions greatly influence the outcomes of individual patients. Optimal treatment strategies in caring for the combat amputee should be shaped by analyzing the effects of interventions on outcomes. Outcome measures play an important role in caring for these patients and improving the processes by which they are provided care. Existing outcome measurement tools are limited in their application in the assessment of this unique patient population; therefore, the application of multiple tools is required. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Pasquina, PF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, 6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA PY 2006 BP P119 EP P122 PG 4 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA BEA99 UT WOS:000236534300014 ER PT B AU Brewer, DN Verrilli, M Calomino, A AF Brewer, David N. Verrilli, Michael Calomino, Anthony GP ASME TI Ceramic matrix composite vane subelement burst testing SO Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2006, Vol 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st ASME Turbo Expo CY MAY 06-11, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Burst tests were performed on Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) vane specimens, manufactured by two vendors, under the Ultra Efficient Engine Technology (UEET) project. Burst specimens were machined from the ends of 76mm long vane sub-elements blanks and from High Pressure Burner Rig (HPBR) tested specimens. The results of burst tests will be used to compare virgin specimens with specimens that have had an Environmental Barrier Coating (EBC) applied, both HPBR tested and untested, as well as a comparison between vendors. C1 Army Res Lab, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Brewer, DN (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4237-1 PY 2006 BP 279 EP 284 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFN90 UT WOS:000243377700028 ER PT J AU Carroll, JF Solberg, VB Cyr, TL AF Carroll, JF Solberg, VB Cyr, TL TI Development of a bioassay for evaluating tick (Acari : Ixodidae) attractants in the field SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE lone star tick; Amblyomma americanum; carbon dioxide; dry ice ID CO2-BAITED TRAPS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; IXODES-DAMMINI; DRY-ICE; POPULATION; MOVEMENT AB A method for testing tick attractants under field conditions is described. The uneven distribution of host-seeking ticks, even within habitat types, can compromise evaluations of experimental baits and necessitate extensive testing. This problem can be remedied by releasing known numbers of ticks at predetermined locations and distances from an experimental bait. Lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.), nymphs were released directly downwind of dry ice baits on 2.25 X 2.25 m cotton sheets that had been placed on the ground. Each sheet was aligned with the direction of the wind and edged with a masking tape barrier. Best results in discriminating between dry ice baits and untreated controls were with nymphs released 1.5 and 2 m from the bait and recaptured after 1 h in a zone <= 1 rn from the bait. The success of this method depends on the wind not stopping for prolonged periods and not radically changing direction. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Carroll, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jcarroll@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 108 IS 1 BP 82 EP 91 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 001WA UT WOS:000234572200010 ER PT B AU Akers, S Ehrgott, J Rickman, D AF Akers, Stephen Ehrgott, Jay Rickman, Denis TI Numerical simulations of explosive blast pressures during wall breaching SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUN 26-29, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP HPCMP Users Grp AB During the past several years, the US Army has focused considerable attention toward developing improved methods for breaching walls and determining weapon-target interaction effects from direct- and indirect-fire weapons in the urban combat environment. A major thrust area is centered on developing methods for predicting the blast and fragmentation environment behind a breached wall. This information is important to the warfighter in terms of recognizing the expected impact on both enemy combatants, and non-combatants or friendly forces. One impediment to this effort is that little data exist to document the behind-wall blast environment produced by the detonation of explosives against or within walls. As part of the Army's effort, the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) is conducting experimental and numerical investigations to improve wall breaching methods. In the experimental and numerical programs, the ERDC will conduct comprehensive research on a full range of urban construction materials. As a first step in this process, the ERDC conducted a baseline study of C-4 breaching effectiveness against steel-reinforced-concrete (RC) walls. A goal of this effort was to better define the behind wall blast environment produced by various C-4 charges placed in contact with RC walls. Numerical simulations of selected experiments were conducted using the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian code Zapotec. In these simulations, the concrete and reinforcing steel were modeled as Lagrangian materials, and the C-4 and air were modeled as Eulerian materials. C1 [Akers, Stephen; Ehrgott, Jay; Rickman, Denis] USACE, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Akers, S (reprint author), USACE, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Stephen.A.Akers@erdc.usace.army.mil; Jay.Q.Ehrgott@erdc.usace.army.mil; Denis.D.Rickman@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2797-0 PY 2006 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGD48 UT WOS:000246173100001 ER PT B AU Anderson, RL AF Anderson, Robert L. TI Fracture of kinetic energy rods subject to oblique impact SO Proceedings of the HPCMP Users Group Conference 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUN 26-29, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP HPCMP Users Grp C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Anderson, RL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2797-0 PY 2006 BP 9 EP 12 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGD48 UT WOS:000246173100002 ER PT B AU Lim, J Potsdam, M Strawn, R Sim, B Nygaard, T AF Lim, Joon Potsdam, Mark Strawn, Roger Sim, Ben Nygaard, Tor TI Blade-vortex interaction airloads prediction using multidisciplinary coupling SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUN 26-29, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP HPCMP Users Grp ID NOISE AB Predictions of blade-vortex interaction (BVI) noise, using blade airloads obtained from a coupled aerodynamic, structural, and acoustics methodology, are presented This methodology uses an iterative, loosely-coupled trim strategy for exchanging information between the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code OVERFLOW-2 and the computational structural dynamics (CSD) and rotorcraft comprehensive code CAMRAD-II. Results are compared to the HART-II rotor baseline conditions. It is shown that this state-of-the-art CFD/CSD approach is able to capture BVI induced blade airloads and noise radiation characteristics. Predicted BVI airloads on the advancing and retreating sides agree well with the measured data. Although the BVI airloads and noise amplitudes are generally under-predicted, the CFD/CSD coupled methodology provides an overall noteworthy improvement over the lifting line aerodynamics with free-wake models typically used for CSD comprehensive analysis. C1 [Lim, Joon; Potsdam, Mark; Strawn, Roger] US Army Aeroflightdynam Directorate, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Sim, Ben] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Nygaard, Tor] Eloret Corp, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Lim, J (reprint author), US Army Aeroflightdynam Directorate, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM jwlim@mail.arc.nasa.gov; mpotsdam@mail.arc.nasa.gov; rstrawn@mail.arc.nasa.gov; bsim@mail.arc.nasa.gov; tnygaard@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2797-0 PY 2006 BP 59 EP 65 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGD48 UT WOS:000246173100009 ER PT B AU Sahu, J AF Sahu, Jubaraj TI Time-accurate numerical prediction of free flight aerodynamics of projectiles SO Proceedings of the HPCMP Users Group Conference 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUN 26-29, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP HPCMP Users Grp AB This paper describes a new multidisciplinary computational study undertaken to model the flight trajectories and the free flight aerodynamics of both finned projectile at supersonic velocities and a spinning projectile at subsonic speeds with and without aerodynamic flow control. Actual flight trajectories are computed using an advanced coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD)/rigid body dynamics (RBD) technique. An advanced time-accurate Navier-Stokes computational technique has been used in CFD to compute the unsteady aerodynamics associated with the free flight of the finned projectile at supersonic speeds and the spinning projectile at subsonic speeds. Computed positions and orientations of the projectile have been compared with actual data measured from free flight tests and are found to be generally in good agreement. Predicted aerodynamics forces and moments also compare well with the forces and moments used in the six degree freedom fits of the results of the same tests. Unsteady numerical results obtained from the coupled method show the flow field, the aerodynamic forces and moments, and the flight trajectories of the projectile. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sahu, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2797-0 PY 2006 BP 66 EP 72 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGD48 UT WOS:000246173100010 ER PT B AU Tracy, FT AF Tracy, Fred T. TI Accuracy and performance testing of three-dimensional unsaturated flow finite element groundwater programs on the cray XT3 using analytical solutions SO Proceedings of the HPCMP Users Group Conference 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUN 26-29, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP HPCMP Users Grp AB Because Richards' equation for describing unsaturated groundwater flow is highly nonlinear, it is challenging to test the accuracy and efficiency of parallel three-dimensional finite element groundwater programs used to model such activities as remediation of military sites and computing flows and pressures in levees broken by Hurricane Katrina. To aid in this testing, the author has recently derived steady-state and transient analytical solutions for unsaturated flow. With these solutions, both accuracy of the numerical solutions and the performance of the parallel versions of the computer programs may be easily tested. The other significant feature of these analytical solutions is that the amount of nonlinearity of the equation may be easily adjusted by a parameter alpha. This paper first presents the equations for the analytical solutions of steady-state and transient flow into a rectangular block of initially dry soil. It then uses the program FEMWATER as a benchmark to compute the numerical solutions corresponding to these analytical solutions. Accuracy results for various sizes of the mesh and numbers of processing elements (PEs) on the Cray XT3 are computed for different values of alpha. The number of nonlinear iterations for the steady-state problem is also reported The result of the accuracy assessment is that as a is increased, the errors also increase significantly with even 512 PEs not being enough compute power to adequately solve the problem. Overall parallel performance and performance of the Message Passing Interface calls for updating the ghost nodes and are also tested with results given. The result of this study is that scaling of a 1,000,000-element problem was good up to 256 PEs (64 PEs is the typical sweet spot for FEMWATER), and the performance of the ghost-node updating routine met or exceeded expectations. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Major Shared Resource Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Tracy, FT (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Major Shared Resource Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2797-0 PY 2006 BP 73 EP 79 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGD48 UT WOS:000246173100011 ER PT B AU Clarke, JA Mark, ER AF Clarke, Jerry A. Mark, Eric R. TI Quantifying behind armor debris fragments from CTH using the interdisciplinary computing environment SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUN 26-29, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP HPCMP Users Grp AB The multi-material, large deformation, strong shock wave, solid mechanics code CTH is heavily used for armor penetration applications. It would be extremely beneficial to be able to use this type of physics based simulation to produce a realistic behind armor debris (BAD) field as input to survivability and lethality codes. Utilizing the capabilities of the Interdisciplinary Computing Environment (ICE) we have developed a tool that is capable of identifying individual fragments in a CTH flat mesh or AMR calculation. Additionally, this tool produces an estimate of the volume (thus mass) and velocity of these arbitrarily shaped fragments, outputting the results into a text file that is suitable for use as input to survivability/lethality calculations. C1 [Clarke, Jerry A.; Mark, Eric R.] AS ARL, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Clarke, JA (reprint author), AS ARL, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM clarke@arl.army.mil; emark@arl.army.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2797-0 PY 2006 BP 98 EP 101 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGD48 UT WOS:000246173100014 ER PT B AU Lawrence, W Starkenberg, J AF Lawrence, W. Starkenberg, J. TI Effects of projectile and cover material strength and projectile shape on the impact initiation of composition B SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUN 26-29, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP HPCMP Users Grp AB To improve understanding of the response of munitions impacted by various types of projectiles, a combined experimental and computational study was conducted. The experimental configurations were simulated using the CTH hydrocode and the History Variable Reactive Burn (HVRB) initiation model. Three-dimensional simulations of projectile impact on covered explosives were performed and the critical velocities for initiation were determined. Simulations performed for. the purpose of determining whether the relative strength of the projectile and the cover affect the critical velocity showed little influence. Additional simulations for projectiles shaped like parallelepipeds were performed to shed light on the effect of the aspect ratio of the impacting face of the projectile. The results showed that face area alone does not determine critical velocity. C1 [Lawrence, W.; Starkenberg, J.] USA, WMRD, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Lawrence, W (reprint author), USA, WMRD, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM lawrence@arl.army.mil; jstar@arl.army.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2797-0 PY 2006 BP 106 EP 109 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGD48 UT WOS:000246173100016 ER PT B AU Chen, CC Nusca, MJ Kotlar, AJ McQuaid, MJ AF Chen, Chiung-Chu Nusca, Michael J. Kotlar, Anthony J. McQuaid, Michael J. TI Combustion chamber fluid dynamics and hypergolic gel propellant chemistry simulations for selectable thrust rocket engines SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUN 26-29, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP HPCMP Users Grp ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; FLOW; INJECTORS; KINETICS; MODELS AB This paper describes the development and application of high performance computing for the acceleration of tactical missile hypergolic propulsion system development. Computational fluid dynamics is employed to model the chemically reacting flow within a system's combustion chamber, and computational chemistry is employed to characterize propellant physical and reactive properties. Accomplishments from the past year are presented and discussed. C1 [Chen, Chiung-Chu; Nusca, Michael J.; Kotlar, Anthony J.; McQuaid, Michael J.] USA, WMD, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Chen, CC (reprint author), USA, WMD, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM nusca@arl.army.mil; mcquaid@arl.army.mil FU Computing Challenge Project C2N; ARL/NRC Senior Research Associate; Environmental Quality Technology project FX The DoD HPC Modernization Office supported this project by supplying supercomputer time under the Computing Challenge Project C2N. The computer time was made available at the DSRCs at AFRL, ERDC, and NAVY. Mr. R.S. Michaels (AMRDEC) provided helpful information concerning the ISVE, and Mr. D. Thompson (AMRDEC) provided helpful information concerning the hybrid rocket motor development effort. Dr. W. Anderson (ARL) formulated the initial full MMH- RFNA chemical reaction mechanism. This research was supported in part by Dr. Chens appointment as an ARL/NRC Senior Research Associate, and was primarily funded from Environmental Quality Technology projects managed by Mr. E. Hangeland (RDECOM) and Mr. W. Ruppert (Hughes, Inc.). NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2797-0 PY 2006 BP 110 EP 118 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGD48 UT WOS:000246173100017 ER PT B AU White, BC Eslinger, OJ AF White, Barry C. Eslinger, Owen J. TI Modeling subsurface phenomena for tetrahedral meshes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUN 26-29, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP HPCMP Users Grp AB SceneGen is a set of tools for creating a subsurface mesh with very little human interaction. The tool set created allows the user to incorporate structured lattice data, typically generated from geo-statistical packages, and make a smoothed boundary representation (b-rep) for each of its material regions. Tools have also been created to take ground surface height-field data and create b-reps for Boolean combination with the geostatistical information. Constructive solid geometry (CSG) techniques are being developed to add subsurface items such as rocks and debris and incorporate them into the model as well. This subsurface system of material boundary regions is then capable of being meshed for finite element simulations. In this way, multiple unstructured tetrahedral meshes may be simultaneously generated on high performance computers. C1 [White, Barry C.; Eslinger, Owen J.] USACE, Erdc, Informat Technol Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP White, BC (reprint author), USACE, Erdc, Informat Technol Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. EM Barry.C.White@erdc.usace.arrny.mil; Owen.J.Eslinger@erdc.usace.arrny.mil FU US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Major Shared Resource Center, Information Technology Laboratory (ITL), Vicksburg, MS. FX Information and images for the Surf2Mesh section were provided by Amanda Hines of the Computational Science and Engineering Branch, Engineering and Informatic Systems Division , ITL. This work was supported in part by a grant of computer time from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Major Shared Resource Center, Information Technology Laboratory (ITL), Vicksburg, MS. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2797-0 PY 2006 BP 212 EP 217 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGD48 UT WOS:000246173100032 ER PT B AU Ketcham, SA McKenna, JR Greenfield, RJ Anderson, TS AF Ketcham, Stephen A. McKenna, Jason R. Greenfield, Roy J. Anderson, Thomas S. TI Seismic propagation from activity in tunnels SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUN 26-29, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP HPCMP Users Grp AB Dynamic mechanical activity in a tunnel can be measured as ground vibrations at offset distances. These signals can be processed in sensing algorithms for detection, location, and discrimination of the activity. The objective of this work is to demonstrate that seismic simulations can reveal the effect of the environment on seismic energy as it propagates from tunnels. Using massively parallel high-performance computers, the work applies a finite-difference solution to the equations of motion and isotropic stress-velocity for viscoelastic seismic propagation. Results from simulations in open, urban, and mountainous terrain reveal the nature of seismic waves as they propagate from tunnel-digging pulses and harmonic sources. Measures of relative energy and signal cross correlation provide maps that reveal locations of optimal sensing. We demonstrate applications of beam forming to monitor tunnel activity, and conclude that the simulation method produces realistic wave-field data for virtual trials of sensing algorithms. C1 [Ketcham, Stephen A.; McKenna, Jason R.; Greenfield, Roy J.; Anderson, Thomas S.] USACE, ERDC, CRREL, Hannover, Germany. RP Ketcham, SA (reprint author), USACE, ERDC, CRREL, Hannover, Germany. EM Stephen.A.Ketcham@erdc.usace.army.mil; Jason.R.McKenna@erdc.usace.army.mil; Roy.J.Greenfield@erdc.usace.army.mil; Thomas.S.Anderson@erdc.usace.army.mil FU DoD; HPCMP [ERDCH11304ERD] FX Funding support is from DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) Software Applications Institute I-01: Institute for Maneuverability and Terrain Physics Simulation; USACRREL 6.2 Program URBAN Seismic/Acoustic Signatures and Phenomenology; and Quantum Technology Services, Inc., via Cooperative Research and Development Agreement FDTD Modeling for QTSI Seismic Network Development. Computational support is from HPCMP Project ERDCH11304ERD. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2797-0 PY 2006 BP 236 EP 243 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGD48 UT WOS:000246173100035 ER PT B AU LeSueur, KG Yetzer, K Stokes, M Krishnamurthy, A Chalker, A AF LeSueur, Kenneth G. Yetzer, Ken Stokes, Mike Krishnamurthy, Ashok Chalker, Alan TI Distributed tests: An ARMY perspective SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUN 26-29, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP HPCMP Users Grp AB At the heart of Network Centric Warfare is the ability for all assets on the battlefield to communicate and coordinate their actions. therefore, as these systems are being developed they must be tested and evaluated together along with other assets in a networked environment. The key requirement to conducting this type of Test and Evaluation (i.e., distributed testing) is having the necessary expertise to combine networking, security, high performance computing (HPC), and simulation experience as needed. The Army began preparation for testing in a distributed environment more than a decade ago when the Army Test and Evaluation Command created the Virtual Proving Ground. An outgrowth of this technology investment was a series of increasingly complex distributed test events or exercises whose purpose was to provide technology integration points and demonstrate and document the capabilities and methodologies for conducting distributed testing. The experience gained in performing these exercises over the past ten years, raises important questions regarding interoperability of network-centric assets, performance of spatially separated systems (especially those involving Hardware-in-the-Loop (HWIL) assets) and high bandwidth requirements such as video and audio streaming feeds. This paper seeks to expound on a few of these issues as observed from the most recent tests as observed from the US Army Redstone Technical Test Center (RTTC). The latest exercise, Distributed Test Event 5 (DTE-5), occurred in August/September of 2005. C1 [LeSueur, Kenneth G.] USA, Redstone Tech Test Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. [Yetzer, Ken; Stokes, Mike; Krishnamurthy, Ashok; Chalker, Alan] Ohio SuperComp Ctr, Columbus, OH USA. RP LeSueur, KG (reprint author), USA, Redstone Tech Test Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. EM ken.lesueur@us.army.mil; kyetzer@osc.edu; rnstokes@osc.edu; ashok@osc.edu; alanc@osc.edu FU DoD HPCMP PET through Mississippi State University FX This publication was made partially possible through support provided by DoD HPCMP PET activities through Mississippi State University under contract. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view s of the DoD or Mississippi State University. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2797-0 PY 2006 BP 337 EP 344 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGD48 UT WOS:000246173100052 ER PT B AU Nunez, E Banks, ER Agarwal, P McBride, M Liedel, R AF Nunez, Edwin Banks, Edwin Roger Agarwal, Paul McBride, Marshall Liedel, Ron TI High performance evolutionary computing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUN 26-29, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP HPCMP Users Grp AB Evolutionary computing (EC) comprises a family of global optimization techniques that start with a random population of potential solutions and then evolve more fit solutions over many generations. To accomplish this increase in fitness, EC uses basic operations like selection, recombination, and mutation. Because of its compute- intensive nature, EC research is an obvious candidate for hosting on HPC clusters or systems. EC requires high performance computers (HPC) because the selection process needs to evaluate the fitness of each member of a population of solutions, so the more fit individuals may propagate their characteristics to the next generation of solutions. This requirement becomes even more acute because the evaluation process must be iterated over a very large number of generations. In this paper, we provide a general overview of EC, its applicability to a broad range of problems. In particular, we focus on some subclasses of EC known as genetic programming (GP), genetic algorithms (GA), hybrids, and other EC forms. This paper also discusses the architectural issues of hosting EC on a HPC cluster, and the related issue of population management. Two possible EC architectures are presented: (1) a single chromosome evaluator that treats a pool of cluster nodes as evaluators for an individual solution, and (2) a parallel evolver that manages a sub-population of solutions at each node. Advantages and disadvantages of each approach will be discussed. EC may be applied to a wide variety of problems. Applications of EC include schedule optimization, robotic navigation, image enhancement/processing, discrimination of buried unexploded ordnance, discovery of innovative electronic filter and controller designs, lens design optimization, radar response modeling, and many more. EC excels at solving high-dimensional and nonlinear-problems. HPC resources have enabled the broader application of EC optimization techniques. However, at present, EC is underutilized in the HPC environment. This paper raises awareness of ECs general applicability and its power when coupled with HPC resources. C1 [Nunez, Edwin; Banks, Edwin Roger; Agarwal, Paul] COLSA Corp, USASMDC, Adv Res Ctr, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. [McBride, Marshall; Liedel, Ron] US Army SMDC, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. RP Nunez, E (reprint author), COLSA Corp, USASMDC, Adv Res Ctr, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. EM enunez@colsa.com; rbanks@colsa.com; pagarwal@colsa.com; Marshall.McBride@us.anny.mil; Ron.Liedel@us.anny.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2797-0 PY 2006 BP 354 EP 359 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGD48 UT WOS:000246173100054 ER PT B AU Bennett, PM Cable, SB Mahmoodi, M Oppe, TC AF Bennett, Paul M. Cable, Sam B. Mahmoodi, Mahin Oppe, Thomas C. TI Targeting CCM-, CEA-, and CSM-Based computing to specific architectures based upon HPCMP systems assessment SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUN 26-29, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP HPCMP Users Grp AB Each year the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCAV) acquires new supercomputing hardware through a rigorous acquisition process, denoted "TI" for technology insertion, based primarily on application benchmarking. The corresponding suite of applications spans many disciplines and is carefully constructed to ensure that the HPCMP workload is accurately reflected. For the most recent acquisition cycle (TI-06), GAMESS, LAMMPS, OOCORE, and CTH7 were used to represent the computational chemistry and materials (CCM, computational electromagnetics and acoustics (CEA), and computational structural mechanics (CSM) computational technology areas (CTAs) in the workload, respectively. This paper will compare the performance of these four codes representing the CCM, CEA, and CSM components, respectively, of the TI-06 benchmarking suite on HPCMP systems to determine which system is best suited for each CTA. C1 [Bennett, Paul M.; Cable, Sam B.; Mahmoodi, Mahin; Oppe, Thomas C.] USACE, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Computat Sci & Engn Grp, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. RP Bennett, PM (reprint author), USACE, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Computat Sci & Engn Grp, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. EM Paul.M.Bennett@erdc.usace.anny.mil; Sam.B.Cable@erdc.usace.anny.mil; Mahin.Mahmoodi@erdc.usace.anny.mil; Thomas.C.Oppe@erdc.usace.anny.mil FU DoD at the ARL; ASC; ERDC; NAVO MSRCs; MHPCC; ARSC FX The applications benchmarking data used in this study were obtained by the following cast, listed alphabetically: Robert W. Alter, Dr. Paul M. Bennett, Dr. Sam B. Cable, Mahin Mahmoodi, and Dr. Thomas Oppe, all from the ERDC MSRC. This work was supported in part by a grant of computer time from the DoD HPCMP at the ARL, ASC, ERDC, and NAVO MSRCs and the MHPCC and ARSC Allocated Distributed Centers. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2797-0 PY 2006 BP 360 EP 366 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGD48 UT WOS:000246173100055 ER PT B AU Petit, G AF Petit, George TI Building and running application codes on the ARL linux networx cluster (JVN) SO Proceedings of the HPCMP Users Group Conference 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUN 26-29, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP HPCMP Users Grp AB Porting, building and running application codes in the high-performance Linux cluster environment are different than the traditional high-performance computing environment with which many users are familiar. There are multiple compiling environments to choose from, along with their associated MPICH environments and optimized scientific libraries. Determining Which of these environments is best suited to a users application is not always apparent, as is defining the users environment to properly access the chosen compiler and libraries during the build process. After successfully building an application, creating LSF batch run scripts that will successfully and efficiently run these newly built applications to solve user-defined problems has its own unique requirements inherent to the Linux environment. The objective of this paper is to provide the information necessary for new users to the Linux cluster to determine the most appropriate compiling environment for their application, as well as the means to access the compiler and associated libraries to successfully build and, if necessary, debug the desired application. Usage of the LSF batch system to submit batch jobs that will successfully and efficiently run on Linux cluster compute nodes will also be addressed A discussion of each compiler's characteristics will provide a basis for users to determine which compiling system is most appropriate for their application. An introduction to the use of software "modules" will provide a way for users to easily tailor their environment to use the desired compiling environment for code development/building. Finally, LSF batch script examples will be used to demonstrate correct script usage. By better understanding the ARL Linux Networx cluster environment, new users will be able to become effective and productive users of the system more quickly. By minimizing the time required by users to port their codes onto a new platform and begin production jobs, the overall efficacy of the clusters capability as a research tool is enhanced thereby increasing its overall value to the program. C1 USA, Res Lab, Raytheon Co, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Petit, G (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Raytheon Co, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2797-0 PY 2006 BP 399 EP 403 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGD48 UT WOS:000246173100062 ER PT B AU Schauer, RN Thompson, SR AF Schauer, Randy N. Thompson, Steven R. TI An interactive web-based HPC reservation system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUN 26-29, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP HPCMP Users Grp AB For years, while the vast majority of users at the DoD HPCMP MSRC's and DCs were serviced well by batch job queuing systems, a small minority of users, because their computing needs did not mesh well with the batch queuing system paradigm, kept asking for interactive access to the HPC machines. To address this need, in May 2005, the 256 processor ARL MSRC Linux Networx cluster, Powell, was transitioned to interactive use. Since no large HPCMP machine had operated this way before, a new approach that would regulate interactive usage in an automated fashion was needed. In response to that, the ARL MSRC has developed a web-based reservation tool so that users may make advance reservations for nodes on Powell. This type of reservation system is new and quite different from any other queuing system model currently in use within the HPCMP. With just a batch queuing system, users submit jobs without having any predictable way to know when the jobs will actually run. But since a reservation system provides a means to reserve a specific number of processors at a specified time, users are able to easily plan for demonstrations, exercises or time-sensitive calculations. The reservation tool works in combination with the Grid Engine queuing system so that users have all the conveniences of a queuing system, provided they have made a reservation on the web to acquire nodes. Using the queuing system has several benefits, such as starting the job, or jobs, when the reservation starts, generating the machine file for MPI jobs, and providing accounting services. Development of the reservation system has been a learning process for all involved. The objective of this paper is to provide a technical overview of this HPC reservation system. In addition, there will also be a discussion on how the system may be used to meet the demands of various types of research. The development cycle of the reservation system will be discussed, specifically giving a timeline as to when and why various features were added There will also be a discussion on the operational policies governing the system and the rationale for those policies. The data collected from the system, has been in production for a full year, will be analyzed to show various metrics related to utilization. This data will help to gauge the success of this program thus far. C1 [Schauer, Randy N.; Thompson, Steven R.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Schauer, RN (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM rschauer@arl.army.mil; thompson@arl.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2797-0 PY 2006 BP 417 EP 421 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGD48 UT WOS:000246173100065 ER PT B AU Moncrief, G Townsend, T Swillie, S AF Moncrief, George Townsend, Trent Swillie, Scotty TI ezHPC security architecture SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUN 26-29, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP HPCMP Users Grp AB High performance computing (HPC) within the Department of Defense (DoD) is vital to the execution of the research and development mission. However, users must access these resources using interfaces that are complicated, specialized, primitive, and opaque. ezHPC was developed to address this complexity. The ezHPC project is interesting in that it abstracts for the user many of the technical details and tools related to HPC within the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) while providing a Web-based application that allows user access to HPC resources. Leveraging open-source, widely available technology, the ezHPC security model addresses the DoD security requirements for authentication, confidentiality, availability, and integrity. This paper discusses an architecture that employs end-to-end encryption, open-source technologies, message authentication codes, and authentication of users via the HPCMP-modified implementation of the Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Kerberos. This architecture provides ezHPC the flexibility to reduce the technology barrier to those unfamiliar with interactive use of HPC systems while providing significant capability to more advanced users. The subsequent abstraction of HPC resources constitutes a security model for any Web-enabled application programming interface. C1 [Moncrief, George; Townsend, Trent; Swillie, Scotty] USACE, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Major Shared Resource Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Moncrief, G (reprint author), USACE, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Major Shared Resource Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. EM George.C.Moncrief@erdc.usace.anny.mil; Trent.W.Townsend@erdc.usace.anny.mil; Scotty.Swillie@erdc.usace.anny.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2797-0 PY 2006 BP 422 EP 426 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGD48 UT WOS:000246173100066 ER PT B AU Gorbunov, NV Das, DK Goswami, SK Gurusamy, N Atkins, JL AF Gorbunov, N. V. Das, D. K. Goswami, S. K. Gurusamy, N. Atkins, J. L. GP Medimond TI Nitric oxide (NO), redox signaling, and pulmonary inflammation in a model of polytrauma SO Proceedings of the XIII Congress of the Society for Free Radical Research International LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Research-International CY AUG 15-19, 2006 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND SP Soc Free Rad Res Int ID ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; ACTIVATION; HEMORRHAGE AB NO-associated redox and inflammatory alteration were studied in a model of pulmonary trauma produced by exposure to shock wave (SW) combined with isobaric hemorrhage [40 mm Hg mean arterial pressure (MAP)]. Arterial hypotension due to SW-injury and hemorrhage was accompanied by gradual increase in amounts of NO adducts with hemoglobin (HbNO) and (MGD)(2)Fe2+, a NO-spin trap, in blood and lung. MAP and heart rate were restored with NO-trapping by (MGD)(2)Fe2+. SW-induced pulmonary hemorrhagic edema, NO release and nitroxidative stress in lung were accompanied by activation of redox- signaling via thioredoxin and redox factors such as Ref-1 and Nrf2. Inflammation in lung was characterized by (i) increase in the immunoreactivity to TNF-related activation-induced cytokine; (ii) expression of the ICAM1 adhesion molecules, and (iii) vascular transmigration of blood-born CD11b and CD133 cells. These alterations were simulated in part by intra-tracheal administration SIN-1, a donor of peroxynitrite. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Gorbunov, NV (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-7587-274-0 PY 2006 BP 139 EP 144 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BFP22 UT WOS:000243558800024 ER PT S AU Meyers, RE Deacon, KS AF Meyers, Ronald E. Deacon, Keith S. BE Meyers, RE Shih, Y Deacon, KS TI Quantum ghost imaging experiments SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS AND QUANTUM IMAGING IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging IV CY AUG 13-14, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID LIGHT AB Quantum ghost imaging was explored by use of a chaotic laser light source, a photon efficient charged coupled device (CCD) camera, a stencil mask, a photon bucket detector, and computer processing. We investigated and successfully achieved quantum ghost imaging of the stencil letters ARL from macroscopic time integration scales of 1ms to 10ms. Importantly, quantum ghost images were obtained from photons which did not interact with the letter object. In addition to the timescale effect on ghost imaging we investigated the role of speckle spatial size in resolving images. Results are presented from our investigations of these components of the time and space correlations of photons emanating from chaotic laser light and ending in both the photon bucket detector arm and the CCD arm. Important applications for quantum imaging and quantum ghost imaging are also discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Meyers, RE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6384-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6305 AR 63050N DI 10.1117/12.683832 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA BFI05 UT WOS:000241946900017 ER PT S AU Stolovy, GH AF Stolovy, Gary H. BE Donkor, EJ Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Verification of the ARL quantum key distribution testbed - art. no. 62440F SO Quantum Information and Computation IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation IV CY APR 17-19, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE QKD; quantum key distribution AB The operation of a polarization-based quantum key distribution (QKD) testbed system is described. The system was developed for the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory under the DARPA Quantum Information Science and Technology program. Recent developments include upgrading the testbed system for operation at 830 mn wavelength. We describe the system architecture, control software, diagnostic and operational modes. The cryptosystem was tested in a point-to-point configuration with transmitter and receiver separated by a distance of 1.5 km, and using in-ground single-mode telecommunications optical fiber for the quantum channel. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Stolovy, GH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6300-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6244 BP F2440 EP F2440 AR 62440F DI 10.1117/12.666781 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA BES07 UT WOS:000239229500011 ER PT S AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, Howard E. BE Donkor, EJ Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Entangling probes of QKD - art. no. 62440G SO Quantum Information and Computation IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation IV CY APR 17-19, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE quantum cryptography; quantum key distribution; quantum communication; entanglement ID QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY AB Following a review of the measure of Renyi information gain and its optimization, the quantum circuits and designs are reviewed of optimized entangling probes for attacking the BB84 protocol of quantum key distribution (QKD), extracting maximum Renyi information on the pre-privacy amplified key. Probe photon polarization states become optimally entangled with the signal states on their way between the legitimate transmitter and receiver. Standard symmetric von Neumann projective measurements of the probe yield maximum information on the pre-privacy amplified key. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6300-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6244 BP G2440 EP G2440 AR 62440G DI 10.1117/12.661536 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA BES07 UT WOS:000239229500012 ER PT S AU Gerhold, M Osinsky, A Look, DC AF Gerhold, Michael Osinsky, Andrei Look, David C. BE Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI Development of ZnMgCdO-based alloys and heterostructures for optical applications. - art. no. 61271B SO Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices III CY JAN 23-26, 2006 CL San Jose, CA ID MGXZN1-XO AB This paper reviews of some of the recent progress made in the development of high quality MgZnO and ZnCdO layers grown epitaxially by RF-plasma molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). We summarize optical and electrical properties of high quality CdxZn1-xO alloys with Cd mole fraction from 0.02 to 0.78 and discuss phase separation phenomenon which may be present in ternary alloys. A single-crystal wurtzite structure of CdZnO alloys for this entire range of compositions was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Compositional analysis was performed using SIMS and RBS. Strong optical emission in the 380 nm to 574 nm spectral range was achieved at RT from CdxZn1-xO with various compositions, demonstrating a great potential for use in LEDs. Compositional fluctuations in a Cd0.16Zn0.84O films were not detected by spatially resolved CL measurements, although intensity fluctuation with features of similar to 0.5 mu m diameter were seen on the intensity maps. Dependence of the fundamental optical band gap on the composition of CdxZn1-xO alloys, band gap bowing, and the possible effect of composition micro-fluctuations in ternary CdxZn1-xO alloys on the optical bandgap is also discussed. Time resolved photoluminescence shows multi-exponential decay with 21 psec. and 49 +/- 3 psec. lifetimes, suggesting that composition micro-fluctuations may be present in Cd0.16Zn0.84O film. High conductivity and optical transparency of the CdZnO films with high Cd-mole fraction is attractive for making high performance electrodes. We also report on crystallographic and optical properties of CdZnO/ZnO multiple quantum wells (MQW). C1 US Army Res Off, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Gerhold, M (reprint author), US Army Res Off, Durham, NC 27703 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6169-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6127 BP B1271 EP B1271 AR 61271B DI 10.1117/12.643144 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BEH60 UT WOS:000237277500034 ER PT S AU Swaminathan, V Little, JW Tober, RL AF Swaminathan, Venkataraman Little, John W. Tober, Richard L. BE Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI Infrared detectors and lasers operating in the 3-12 um range using band-gap engineered structures with Type II band-gap alignment SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices III CY JAN 23-26, 2006 CL San Jose, CA DE Type II band-gap alignment; infrared detectors; interband cascade infrared lasers ID FOCAL-PLANE ARRAYS; INAS/GASB SUPERLATTICE PHOTODIODES; QUANTUM CASCADE LASER; MU-M; IIINAS/GASB SUPERLATTICES; CUTOFF WAVELENGTH; LONG AB The Type 11 broken band-gap alignment in semiconductor structures wherein the conduction band minimum is in one semiconductor (e.g., InAs) and the valence band maximum is in another (e.g., GaInSb) offers certain unique advantages which can be utilized to realize band-gap engineered novel quantum electro-optic devices such as lasers and detectors. The advantages of the type 11 structures include reduced Auger recombination, extending the effective band-gap energy of materials wherein type I band-gap alignment would give rise to difficulties such as miscibility gap. In this paper we describe the work carried out at the Army Research Laboratory on type 11 semiconductor quantum electro-optic devices such as IR lasers and detectors operating in the 3-12 um range. Specifically we will cover the progress made in GaSb based type 11 strained layer superlattice IR detectors and Interband Cascade IR Lasers. We will also present our recent work in self-assembled quantum dots which have type 11 band-gap alignment with the matrix material in which the dots are embedded. C1 [Swaminathan, Venkataraman; Little, John W.; Tober, Richard L.] USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Swaminathan, V (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM vswami@arl.army.mil NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6169-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6127 AR UNSP 61270R DI 10.1117/12.639493 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BEH60 UT WOS:000237277500018 ER PT S AU Nguyen, L Wong, D Stanton, B Dogaru, T Smith, G Ressler, M Ranney, K Sullivan, A Kappra, K Sichina, J AF Nguyen, Lam Wong, David Stanton, Brian Dogaru, Traian Smith, Gregory Ressler, Marc Ranney, Kenneth Sullivan, Anders Kappra, Karl Sichina, Jeffrey BE Trebits, RN Kurtz, JL TI Detection of underground target using ultra-wideband borehole radar and SAR image formation - art. no. 621004 SO Radar Sensor Technology X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology X CY APR 20-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE borehole radar; Subsurface Sensing; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); ultra-wideband radar (UWB); backprojection; image formation AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has recently evaluated a commercially available borehole radar to detect targets hidden underground. The goal of the experiment is to demonstrate the feasibility of the borehole radar coupled with ARL's signal and image processing techniques to penetrate various geophysical media for target detection. In this paper, we briefly describe the commercial ultra-wideband borehole radar used in the experiment. A conventional technique to provide the attenuation and velocity maps of the underground area between two holes is called tomograpkv. It requires separate probes for the transmitter and the receiver for the measurement, and generally is more time consuming and laborious. Another technique known as reflection is also widely used. In this mode, the transmitter and receiver travel together as one single unit in one hole to measure the reflection data from surrounding clutter and underground targets. Although this mode is much simpler to operate than tomography, the resulting image has inferior resolution in the cross-range (depth) direction. In our experiment we employ this reflection mode, where a small cylindrical metal target is placed in one hole while the radar (both transmitter and receiver) travels in another hole to measure the target return. To improve the poor cross-range resolution associated with the reflection raw data image, we apply the backprojection image formation algorithm that is commonly used in synthetic aperture radar to form high resolution 2D images. We present the resulting images of background (without target) and with target, and show that the underground target can be easily detected using change detection technique. This paper also compares the measured data with the electromagnetic model prediction of the same target. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nguyen, L (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6266-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6210 BP 21004 EP 21004 AR 621004 DI 10.1117/12.665920 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES16 UT WOS:000239242100004 ER PT S AU Ranney, K Stanton, B Sullivan, A Dogaru, T Smith, G Ressler, M Wong, D Nguyen, L Kappra, K Tran, C Kirose, G Costanza, J Sichina, J AF Ranney, Kenneth Stanton, Brian Sullivan, Anders Dogaru, Traian Smith, Gregory Ressler, Marc Wong, David Nguyen, Lam Kappra, Karl Tran, Chi Kirose, Getachew Costanza, John Sichina, Jeff BE Trebits, RN Kurtz, JL TI Recent ARL borehole radar experiments - art. no. 62100N SO Radar Sensor Technology X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology X CY APR 20-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE borehole radar; ground penetration radar AB The Microwave Sensors Branch of the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) recently evaluated the potential of a commercially available borehole radar-system for an underground target detection application. We used this ground-penetrating system, which is capable of operation at either 100 or 250 MHz, to conduct experiments at a locally constructed test site. Since the site.'s soil characteristics would severely impact conclusions drawn from the collected data, we also obtained and analyzed soil samples in order to determine the electrical properties of the earth in the vicinity of the boreholes. In addition, we modeled and then built a canonical target, using this canonical target as an input to electromagnetic simulations. The outputs from these simulations guided us in the analysis and interpretation of the collected radar data. In this paper, we present a description of both the data collection itself and the results of a posteriori analysis of the collected data. We begin by describing the test site along with the procedures that we followed when conducting the experiments. Next, we present a soil analysis and the expected target radar cross section (RCS) obtained from the electromagnetic modeling simulations. We then discuss the implications of these results for system performance. Finally, we present an analysis of real data from the collection and compare it to what we expect based on the soil analysis and the output of the electromagnetic models. Collectively, these analyses provide an indication of the borehole radar's true potential for detecting underground targets. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ranney, K (reprint author), Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6266-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6210 BP N2100 EP N2100 AR 62100N DI 10.1117/12.665901 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES16 UT WOS:000239242100022 ER PT S AU Khatri, H Le, C AF Khatri, Hiralal Le, Calvin BE Trebits, RN Kurtz, JL TI Identification of electromagnetic parameters of a wall and determination of radar signal level behind a wall - art. no. 62100Q SO Radar Sensor Technology X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology X CY APR 20-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE identification; electromagnetic parameters; synthetic aperture radar; see-thru-wall AB One of the challenges of using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to detect a man behind a wall is determining the amount of signal attenuation introduced by the signal's propagation through the wall. This attenuation is difficult to determine because the thickness and the electromagnetic properties of the wall are normally not known a priori. We describe a procedure for estimating the relative permittivity, conductivity, and thickness of the wall that minimize the error between physics-based predicted values of wall return and the corresponding values of the SAR image. The accuracy of the prediction is a function of the resolution of the SAR image relative to the thickness of the wall-the SAR image must have sufficient resolution such that the locations of the front and rear surfaces of a uniform wall can be estimated from the SAR image. The signal level behind the wall, or equivalently the signal attenuation by the wall is then determined from the estimates of the thickness and electromagnetic parameters. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this identification procedure using data generated by XPATCH simulations of three different wall materials. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Khatri, H (reprint author), Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6266-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6210 BP Q2100 EP Q2100 AR 62100Q DI 10.1117/12.674378 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES16 UT WOS:000239242100025 ER PT J AU Biega, TJ Lettieri, CJ Levy, LM Venbrux, AC AF Biega, Timothy J. Lettieri, Christopher J. Levy, Lucien M. Venbrux, Anthony C. TI Linear pulmonary opacities in an asymptomatic patient SO RESPIRATION LA English DT Editorial Material DE linear pulmonary opacities; polymethylmethacrylate cement; vertebroplasty ID PERCUTANEOUS VERTEBROPLASTY; ACRYLIC CEMENT; EMBOLISM; COMPLICATION C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neuroradiol, Washington, DC 20037 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Vasc & Intervent Radiol, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Lettieri, CJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM christopher.lettieri@us.army.mil NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0025-7931 J9 RESPIRATION JI Respiration PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 BP 705 EP 707 DI 10.1159/000092955 PG 3 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 101XW UT WOS:000241775600023 PM 16636530 ER PT J AU Chuenchitra, T Sukwit, S Chaitaveep, P de Souza, MS Kim, SR Paris, RM Nitayaphan, S AF Chuenchitra, Thippawan Sukwit, Suchitra Chaitaveep, Pittapun de Souza, Mark S. Kim, Silvia R. Paris, Robert M. Nitayaphan, Sorachai TI Lymphoproliferative responses to HIV-1 Gag p24 antigen and mitogens in HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE infected Thai patients and HIV-1 seronegative donors SO RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chuenchitra, Thippawan; Sukwit, Suchitra; Chaitaveep, Pittapun; de Souza, Mark S.; Kim, Silvia R.; Paris, Robert M.; Nitayaphan, Sorachai] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [de Souza, Mark S.; Paris, Robert M.] US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. [Kim, Silvia R.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii AIDS Clin Res Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1742-4690 J9 RETROVIROLOGY JI Retrovirology PY 2006 VL 3 SU 1 MA P13 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA V52ZS UT WOS:000203582000122 ER PT J AU Eyzaguirre, L Saahv, MD Nadai, Y Gamatos, P Kovtunenko, NG Erasilova, IB Sanchez, JL Birx, D Earhart, KC Carr, JK AF Eyzaguirre, L. Saahv, M. D. Nadai, Y. Gamatos, P. Kovtunenko, N. G. Erasilova, I. B. Sanchez, J. L. Birx, D. L. Earhart, K. C. Carr, J. K. TI Genetic characterization of HIV-I strains circulating in Kazakhstan SO RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Eyzaguirre, L.; Nadai, Y.; Sanchez, J. L.; Birx, D. L.; Carr, J. K.] Adv Mil Med Inc, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. [Eyzaguirre, L.; Nadai, Y.; Sanchez, J. L.; Birx, D. L.; Carr, J. K.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. [Earhart, K. C.] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Kovtunenko, N. G.; Erasilova, I. B.] Natl AIDS Prevent Ctr, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1742-4690 J9 RETROVIROLOGY JI Retrovirology PY 2006 VL 3 SU 1 MA P18 PG 2 WC Virology SC Virology GA V52ZS UT WOS:000203582000127 ER PT J AU Wahren, B Brave, A Boberg, A Rollman, E Birx, D Cox, J Robb, M Moss, B Blomberg, P Biberfeldt, G Sandstroem, E AF Wahren, Britta Brave, Andreas Boberg, Andreas Rollman, Erik Birx, Deborah Cox, Josephine Robb, Merlin Moss, Bernhard Blomberg, Pontus Biberfeldt, Gunnel Sandstroem, Eric TI Potent cellular and humoral immunity against HIV-1 elicited in mice by a DNA-prime/MVA-boost vaccine regimen intended for human use SO RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wahren, Britta; Brave, Andreas; Boberg, Andreas; Rollman, Erik; Blomberg, Pontus; Biberfeldt, Gunnel; Sandstroem, Eric] Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. [Wahren, Britta; Brave, Andreas; Boberg, Andreas; Rollman, Erik; Blomberg, Pontus; Biberfeldt, Gunnel; Sandstroem, Eric] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Stockholm, Sweden. [Birx, Deborah; Cox, Josephine; Robb, Merlin; Moss, Bernhard] NIH, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Birx, Deborah; Cox, Josephine; Robb, Merlin; Moss, Bernhard] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM Britta.Wahren@smi.ki.se NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1742-4690 J9 RETROVIROLOGY JI Retrovirology PY 2006 VL 3 SU 1 MA S83 PG 2 WC Virology SC Virology GA V52ZS UT WOS:000203582000084 ER PT J AU Zapata, JC Mayda, M Hammanieh, R Mani, S Djavani, M Das, R Lukashevich, I Moshkoff, D Carrion, R Jett, M Salvato, M AF Zapata, J. C. Mayda, M. Hammanieh, R. Mani, S. Djavani, M. Das, R. Lukashevich, I. Moshkoff, D. Carrion, R. Jett, M. Salvato, M. TI Gene expression patterns in human blood cells exposed to common flu-like viruses and arenavirus SO RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zapata, J. C.; Mayda, M.; Hammanieh, R.; Mani, S.; Djavani, M.; Das, R.; Lukashevich, I.; Moshkoff, D.; Carrion, R.; Jett, M.; Salvato, M.] Inst Human Virol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Zapata, J. C.; Mayda, M.; Hammanieh, R.; Mani, S.; Djavani, M.; Das, R.; Lukashevich, I.; Moshkoff, D.; Carrion, R.; Jett, M.; Salvato, M.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Zapata, J. C.; Mayda, M.; Hammanieh, R.; Mani, S.; Djavani, M.; Das, R.; Lukashevich, I.; Moshkoff, D.; Carrion, R.; Jett, M.; Salvato, M.] SW Fdn Biomed Res, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1742-4690 J9 RETROVIROLOGY JI Retrovirology PY 2006 VL 3 SU 1 MA S76 PG 2 WC Virology SC Virology GA V52ZS UT WOS:000203582000077 ER PT S AU Anastasi, RF Madaras, EI AF Anastasi, RF Madaras, EI BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Terahertz NDE for under paint corrosion detection and evaluation SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 25A AND 25B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Review of Process in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Brunswick, ME DE terahertz NDE; corrosion; paint; surface roughness AB Corrosion under paint is not visible until it has caused paint to blister, crack, or chip. If corrosion is allowed to continue then structural problems may develop. Identifying corrosion before it becomes visible would minimize repairs and costs and potential structural problems. Terahertz NDE imaging under paint for corrosion is being examined as a method to inspect for corrosion by examining the terahertz response to paint thickness and to surface roughness. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USA, Res Lab,Veh Technol Directorate,AMSRD ARL VT SM, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Nondestructive Evaluat Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USA, Res Lab,Veh Technol Directorate,AMSRD ARL VT SM, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0312-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 820 BP 515 EP 522 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDY94 UT WOS:000236275600065 ER PT S AU Vickery, RJ Cedilnik, A Martin, JP Dandass, Y Atkison, T Moorhead, RJ Clarke, J Adams, P AF Vickery, R. J. Cedilnik, A. Martin, J. P. Dandass, Y. Atkison, T. Moorhead, R. J. Clarke, J. Adams, P. BE Tang, WM TI Web-based secure high performance remote visualization SO SCIDAC 2006: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2006) CY JUN 25-29, 2006 CL Denver, CO AB This paper describes recent work on securing a Web-browser-based remote visualization capability for large datasets. The results from a security performance study are presented. C1 [Vickery, R. J.; Martin, J. P.; Moorhead, R. J.] Mississippi State Univ, HPC Bldg,Box 9627, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Cedilnik, A.] Kitware Inc, New York, NY 12065 USA. [Atkison, T.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Clarke, J.] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Adams, P.] ERDC MSRC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Clarke, J.] AMSRL CI HC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Vickery, RJ (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, HPC Bldg,Box 9627, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rvickery@gri.msstate.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2006 VL 46 BP 545 EP 549 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/46/1/075 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFD53 UT WOS:000241186300075 ER PT S AU Sung, LP Drzal, PL Vanlandingham, MR Forster, AM AF Sung, Li-Piin Drzal, Peter L. Vanlandingham, Mark R. Forster, Aaron M. BA Sinha, SK BF Sinha, SK TI METROLOGY FOR CHARACTERIZING THE SCRATCH RESISTANCE OF POLYMERIC COATINGS THROUGH OPTICAL SCATTERING SO SCRATCHING OF MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SE Tribology and Interface Engineering Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Appearance; gloss; laser scanning confocal microscopy; mechanical properties; optical scattering; scratch and mar; surface morphology ID VISCOELASTIC CHARACTERIZATION; INSTRUMENTED INDENTATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MAR RESISTANCE; BEHAVIOR; DEFORMATION AB Scratch and mar resistance is an attribute of great practical importance to polymeric materials. Physical measurements of scratch and mar resistance have been conducted, but the ability to link these resistance to other properties of a polymer and to the customer-perceived appearance of a surface has remained elusive. Thus, optimization of material properties enhancing scratch and mar resistance is not possible. Over the years, a multitude of scratch test devices and protocols has been developed, but the large amount of data generated has made it very difficult to compare and pool data, and ultimately to standardize any test protocol. Also, the relevancy of physical measures of scratch and mar are continually being raised, since a link between physical measurements of scratch and mar and consumer perceived failure caused by scratch and mar has not been established. Establishing a connection between physical and appearance characterizations of scratch and mar are difficult, since appearance measures of scratch and mar are almost always based on qualitative, as opposed to quantitative, assessments of damage. These appearance measurements are made through visual inspection, gloss changes, and changes in gray scale level or lightness. These qualitative assessments are seldom either repeatable or reproducible, and thus a reliable standardized test method for assessing scratch and mar from a consumer's perspective is also not currently available to the polymeric materials community. In this chapter, progress is reported toward the development of a scientifically based standardized test method for quantifying scratch resistance based on optical scattering metrologies. A scratch protocol to impart a standard scratch deformation is described. Optical scattering measurements are conducted to identify the onset of plastic deformation by analyzing specular and off-specular intensities. The angular-resolved optical scattering reflectance profiles at various incident angles are measured using a custom-designed optical scattering instrument at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Angular-resolved optical scattering from surfaces having a single or multiple scratches are compared to gloss measurements taken at 20 degrees and 60 degrees with a commercial glossmeter. By analyzing the specular and off-specular scattered intensities, scratch damage can be quantitatively assessed, even when the results from gloss measurements are indistinguishable. Additionally, the correlation between surface roughness and gloss measurements is presented. Finally, there is commentary herein on future research directions that includes implementing metrologies for linking appearance-based scratch resistance measurements to nanomechanical material properties measured through instrumented indentation. C1 [Sung, Li-Piin; Forster, Aaron M.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Drzal, Peter L.] PPG Ind Inc, Resin & Coatings Res & Dev, Allison Pk, PA 15101 USA. [Vanlandingham, Mark R.] USA, Multifunct Mat Branch, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Sung, LP (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lipiin.sung@nist.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-3364 BN 978-0-08-046804-4 J9 TRIBOL INTER ENG PY 2006 VL 51 BP 102 EP 123 PG 22 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BCQ54 UT WOS:000311032300006 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Schuster, BE Wei, Q Ramesh, KT AF Zhang, H Schuster, BE Wei, Q Ramesh, KT TI The design of accurate micro-compression experiments SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE micro-compression; micro-mechanics; constitutive behavior; finite element modeling; buckling; specimen geometry ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOCRYSTALLINE; MICROSTRUCTURE AB We investigate (via finite-element analyses) the factors that may affect the accuracy of micro-compression measurements (see, e.g., Uchic et al. [Uchic MD, Dimiduk DM, Florando JN, Nix WD. Science 2004;305:986]). Based on these simulations, we suggest guidelines for the development of accurate micro-compression experiments in terms of fillet to post radius ratio, post aspect ratio, post taper, and system alignment. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Ramesh, KT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM ramesh@jhu.edu RI Wei, Qiuming/B-7579-2008 NR 14 TC 194 Z9 194 U1 3 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 2 BP 181 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.06.043 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 983IX UT WOS:000233226000011 ER PT S AU Dodge, RC Ferguson, AJ AF Dodge, Ronald C. Ferguson, Aaron J. BE FischerHubner, S Rannenberg, K Yngstrom, L Lindskog, S TI Using phishing for user email security awareness SO SECURITY AND PRIVACY IN DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENTS SE International Federation for Information Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Information Security Conference (SEC 2006) CY MAY 22-24, 2006 CL Karlstad, SWEDEN SP IFIP TC 11, Karlstad Univ, SIG Secur, Dataforeningen Sverige, Microsoft AB, Karlstads kommun, SAAB AB, TietoEnator AB User security education and training is one of the most important aspects of an organizations security posture. Using security exercises to reinforce this aspect is frequently done by education and industry alike; however these exercises usually enlist willing participants. We have taken the concept of using an exercise and modified it somewhat to evaluate a users propensity to respond to email phishing attacks. C1 [Dodge, Ronald C.; Ferguson, Aaron J.] US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Dodge, RC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM ronald.dodge@usma.edu; aaron.ferguson@usma.edu NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1571-5736 BN 0-387-33405-X J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2006 VL 201 BP 454 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEI45 UT WOS:000237334600041 ER PT S AU Desai, S Hohil, M Morcos, A AF Desai, Sachi Hohil, Myron Morcos, Amir BE Carapezza, EM TI Reliable discrimination of mortar Launch/Impact events using acoustics - art. no. 62011S SO Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31)Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Secuity and Homeland Defense V CY APR 17-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE discrete wavelet transform; DWT; neural network; artillery; impact; launch; multiresolutional analysis; acoustic sensors AB Feature extraction methods based on the discrete wavelet transform and multiresolution analysis facilitate the development of a robust classification algorithm that reliably discriminates between launch and impact mortar events via acoustic signals produced during these events. Distinct characteristics arise within the different explosive events because impact events emphasize concussive and shrapnel effects, while launch events result from blasts that expel and propel a mortar round from a gun. The ensuing blast waves are readily characterized by variations in the corresponding peak pressure and rise time of the waveform, differences in the ratio of positive pressure amplitude to the negative amplitude, variations in the prominent frequencies associated with the varying blast events and variations in the overall duration of the resulting waveform. Unique attributes can also be identified that depend upon the properties of the gun tube, projectile speed at the muzzle, and the explosive/concussive properties associated with the events. In this work, the discrete wavelet transform is used to extract the predominant components of these characteristics from the acoustic signatures of the event at ranges of I km. Highly reliable discrimination is achieved with a feedforward neural network classifier trained on a feature space derived from the distribution of wavelet coefficients and higher frequency details found within different levels of the multiresolution decomposition. We show that the algorithms provide a reliable discrimination (> 97%) between launch and impact events using data collecting during several separate field test experiments. C1 USA, RDECOM, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Desai, S (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6257-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6201 BP S2011 EP S2011 AR 62011S DI 10.1117/12.667857 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BER22 UT WOS:000239007800054 ER PT S AU Chang, J Mendyk, W Thier, L Yun, P LaRow, A Shaw, S Schoenborn, W AF Chang, Jay Mendyk, William Thier, Lisa Yun, Paul LaRow, Andy Shaw, Scott Schoenborn, William BE Carapezza, EM TI Early attack reaction sensor (EARS), a man-wearable gunshot detection system - art. no. 62011T SO Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31)Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Secuity and Homeland Defense V CY APR 17-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE counter-sniper; sniper; sniper rounds; gunshot; bearing; range; acoustic; vehicle mount; man-wearable; shockwave; muzzle blast AB The Early Attack Reaction Sensor (EARS) is a modified passive acoustic system that detects gunshots (muzzle blast and/or shockwave) to provide the user with relative azimuth and range of sniper fire via both audio alert and visual display. The EARS system consists of a microphone array in a small planar configuration and an equivalently sized Digital Signal Processing board, which is interfaced to a PDA via a PCMCIA slot. Hence, configuration easily provides portability. However, the system is being repackaged for man-wearable and vehicle mount applications. The EARS system in a PDA configuration has been tested in open fields at up to 500 meters range and has provided useable bearing and range information against the sniper rounds. This paper will discuss EARS system description, various test results, and EARS system capabilities and limitations. C1 USA, RDECOM, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Chang, J (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6257-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6201 BP T2011 EP T2011 AR 62011T DI 10.1117/12.665978 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BER22 UT WOS:000239007800055 ER PT S AU Mait, JN AF Mait, Joseph N. BE Angelsky, OV TI A new vision of imaging from a historical perspective - art. no. 625414 SO Seventh International Conference on Correlation Optics SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Correlation Optics CY SEP 06-09, 2005 CL Chernivtsi, UKRAINE SP SPIE Ukraine Chapter, SPIR Russian Chapter, Int Commiss Opt, Opt Soc Amer, Ukrainian Opt Soc, Chernivtsi Natl Univ, Natl Acad Sci Ukrainian, Inst Semiconduct Phys, Ukrtelecom, Bukovynian State Med Univ, SPIE, Int Soc Opt Engn, Privatbank, CDB Rithm, Defis Ltd, Small-Scale Enterprise, OPEX DE imaging; history; computational imaging; engineered materials; quantum imaging ID NEGATIVE REFRACTION; MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; COMMUNICATION; OPTICS; INDEX; LIGHT AB The history of imaging is a continuous cycle of advances in science and technology beginning with observations made with crude technology, which lead to new science and, finally, to advances in technology. I recount the history of optical imaging to place in perspective three distinct trends present in imaging research today: computational imaging, engineered materials, and quantum imaging. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Mait, JN (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6313-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6254 BP 25414 EP 25414 AR 625414 DI 10.1117/12.679938 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BEQ22 UT WOS:000238887700040 ER PT B AU Offstein, EH Madhavan, R Gnyawali, DR AF Offstein, Evan H. Madhavan, Ravindranath Gnyawali, Devi R. BE Graen, GB Graen, JA TI PUSHING THE FRONTIER OF LMX RESEARCH The Contribution of Triads SO SHARING NETWORK LEADERSHIP SE LMX Leadership Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LEADER-MEMBER EXCHANGE; PERSPECTIVE; MANAGEMENT; CONSTRUCT; NETWORKS; PATTERNS AB We propose extending LMX research beyond the dyad by introducing the triadic level of analysis. Recently developed statistical models such as p* point the way toward mufti-level analyses of organizational phenomena such as LMX. However, while such models are useful as investigative tools to identify and analyze triads. they cannot explain why particular triads form or how they function. We develop and explore the constructs of competitive and collaborative interdependence in order to better understand how LMX triads form and function. In addition to these constructs of competitive and collaborative interdependence, we introduce the notion of multiplexity within LMX triads. The idea of multiplexity suggests that the structure of a triad may be predicated on the content and nature of the relations that exist. In an effort to demonstrate the theoretical and methodological linkage for the study of LMX triads, we illustrate the use of p* analysis to test for dyadic and triadic patterns. Practical implications and future directions for the triadic analysis of LMX relationships are outlined and discussed. C1 [Offstein, Evan H.] Frostburg State Univ, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Offstein, Evan H.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. [Offstein, Evan H.] Virginia Mil Inst, Lexington, VA USA. [Offstein, Evan H.] Target Corp, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Madhavan, Ravindranath] Univ Pittsburgh, Katz Grad Sch Business, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Gnyawali, Devi R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Tech, RB Pamplin Coll Business, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Offstein, EH (reprint author), Frostburg State Univ, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-59311-529-6 J9 LMX LEADERSH SER PY 2006 VL 4 BP 95 EP 117 PG 23 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BKA17 UT WOS:000267576200005 ER PT J AU Dong, F Hall, CH Golech, SA Philbin, NB Rice, JP Gurney, J Arnaud, FG Hammett, M Ma, X Flournoy, WS Hong, J Kaplan, LJ Pearce, LB McGwin, G Ahlers, S McCarron, R Freilich, D AF Dong, F Hall, CH Golech, SA Philbin, NB Rice, JP Gurney, J Arnaud, FG Hammett, M Ma, X Flournoy, WS Hong, J Kaplan, LJ Pearce, LB McGwin, G Ahlers, S McCarron, R Freilich, D TI Immune effects of resuscitation with HBOC-201, a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, in swine with moderately severe hemorrhagic shock from controlled hemorrhage SO SHOCK LA English DT Article DE HBOC-201; Hextend; resuscitation; immunology; apoptosis; flow cytometry; ELISA; cytokines ID MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE; TISSUE OXYGENATION; DELAYED EVACUATION; IMPROVES SURVIVAL; BLOOD SUBSTITUTE; HETASTARCH HEX; LIVER-INJURY; MODEL; TRAUMA; INTERLEUKIN-10 AB HBOC-201, a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, improved physiologic parameters and survival in hemorrhagic shock (HS) animal models. However, resuscitation from HS and the properties of different fluids influence immune responses. The aim of this study was to determine if HBOC-201 significantly alters immune function in traumatic HS. Anesthetized pigs underwent soft tissue injury, controlled hemorrhage of 40% of blood volume, and resuscitation with HBOC-201 or Hextend, or no resuscitation. Sequential whole-blood samples were collected for analyses of leukocyte differential (hematology analyzer), T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3(+), CD4(+), and CD8(+)) (FACS), lymphocyte adhesion marker CD49d (alpha(4)-integrin) expression (FAGS), plasma cytokines-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10-(ELISA), and lymphocyte apoptosis (annexin-V/propidium iodide staining) (FACS). Statistical analyses were performed by the mixed procedure. Total WBC counts decreased posthemorrhage in both resuscitation groups. Lymphocyte percentages decreased and PMN percentages increased around 4 h posthemorrhage in all groups. CD3 cells decreased in all groups, but CD4 and CD8 cells decreased only in the resuscitation groups. TNF-alpha levels were not detectable in any groups. IL-6 levels were similar across treatment groups (P > 0.05); however, IL-10 levels were higher in the HBOC group, as early as 1 h posthemorrhage (P= 0.04). Increases in lymphocytic CD49d expression levels and apoptosis occurred only in nonresuscitation and Hextend groups, respectively (P <= 0.01). In comparison with Hextend, HBOC-201 had no significant adverse or beneficial effects on immune function in this model of moderately severe HS in swine, suggesting that it may be safe as a resuscitation fluid in HS patients. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, RMD Hematomimet Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. Biopure Corp, Cambridge, MA USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Hall, CH (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, RMD Hematomimet Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM hallc@nmrc.navy.mil NR 33 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PD JAN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 1 BP 50 EP 55 DI 10.1097/01.shk.0000187982.56030.94 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 000OP UT WOS:000234472000009 PM 16369186 ER PT J AU Grujicic, M Pandurangan, B Cheeseman, BA AF Grujicic, M Pandurangan, B Cheeseman, BA TI The effect of degree of saturation of sand on detonation phenomena associated with shallow-buried and ground-laid mines SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article DE detonation; shallow buried mine; mine-impulse pendulum; AUTODYN ID WAVE-PROPAGATION; MODEL AB A new materials model for sand has been developed in order to include the effects of the degree of saturation and the deformation rate on the constitutive response of this material. The model is an extension of the original compaction materials model for sand in which these effects were neglected. The new materials model for sand is next used, within a non-linear-dynamics transient computational analysis, to study various phenomena associated with the explosion of shallow-buried and ground-laid mines. The computational results are compared with the corresponding experimental results obtained through the use of an instrumented horizontal mine-impulse pendulum, pressure transducers buried in sand and a post-detonation metrological study of the sand craters. The results obtained suggest that the modified compaction model for sand captures the essential features of the dynamic behavior of sand and accounts reasonably well for a variety of the experimental findings related to the detonation of shallow-buried or ground-laid mines. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USA, Res Lab, Survivabil Mat Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Grujicic, M (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 241 Engn Innovat Bldg, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM mica.grujicic@ces.clemson.edu NR 14 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 5 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1 BP 41 EP 61 PG 21 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 017AJ UT WOS:000235666200004 ER PT J AU Davis, BS Denison, T Kuang, J AF Davis, BS Denison, T Kuang, J TI A monolithic high-g SOI-MEMS accelerometer for measuring projectile launch and flight accelerations SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article DE accelerometer; acceleration; balloting; SOI; high-g; MEMS; IMU; telemetry; munition; flight test AB Analog Devices ( ADI) has designed and fabricated a monolithic high- g acceleration sensor ( ADXSTC3- HG) fabricated with the ADI silicon- on- insulator micro- electro- mechanical system ( SOI- MEMS) process. The SOI- MEMS sensor structure has a thickness of 10 um, allowing for the design of inertial sensors with excellent cross- axis rejection. The high- g accelerometer discussed in this paper was designed to measure in- plane acceleration to 10,000 g while subjected to 100,000 g in the orthogonal axes. These requirements were intended to meet Army munition applications. The monolithic sensor was packaged in an 8- pin leadless chip carrier ( LCC- 8) and was successfully demonstrated by the US Army Research Laboratory ( ARL) as part of an inertial measurement unit during an instrumented flight experiment of artillery projectiles launched at 15,000 g. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Analog Devices Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Davis, BS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM bdavis@arl.army.mil NR 6 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2006 VL 13 IS 2 BP 127 EP 135 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 031OQ UT WOS:000236714300005 ER PT S AU Clayton, JA AF Clayton, John A. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Plasticity and spall in high density polycrystals: Modeling and simulation SO Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE tungsten; microstructure modeling; plasticity; spall fracture ID DYNAMIC PLASTICITY; FRACTURE AB The high strain rate behavior of multiphase, high density metallic polycrystals is studied via constitutive modeling and numerical simulation. Crystalline elasto-plasticity models are developed to account for the thermomechanical response of each bulk phase, and a cohesive zone approach is invoked to model the response of grain and phase boundaries. The following physical phenomena are captured by the bulk constitutive models: finite deformations, temperature- and pressure-dependent elasticity, nonlinear thermal expansion, slip-system level viscoplasticity with thermal softening due to increasing dislocation mobility, and dislocation accumulation in conjunction with strain hardening and the stored energy of cold working. The cohesive laws account for stress-state and temperature effects on interfacial strengths and correlate with the spall strength of the multiphase material. Numerical results are obtained from a 2D finite element implementation of the model under impact loading, in which individual phases, grains, and interfaces within a two-phase tungsten alloy are fully resolved. Effects of lattice orientations, grain morphology, and cohesive model parameters are reflected in the spall behavior and statistics associated with predicted free surface velocity profiles. C1 USA, Res Lab, Impact Phys Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Clayton, JA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Impact Phys Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RI Clayton, John/C-7760-2009 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 311 EP 314 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600070 ER PT S AU Scheidler, M AF Scheidler, Mike BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Approximate universal relations between shock and acceleration wave speeds for oblique plate impact of inelastic solids SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2005, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter AB We derive some approximate relations between shear wave speeds in inelastic solids subject to oblique plate impact. Attention is restricted to materials for which the fast wave is purely longitudinal. This includes isotropic solids as well as appropriately aligned orthotropic solids. For the case where the slower wave is a shear shock, we obtain approximate relations between this shock speed and the shear sound speeds (i.e., acceleration wave speeds) immediately ahead of and behind the shock. These relations are universally valid for isotropic or orthotropic elastic solids as well as inelastic solids with instantaneous elastic response. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Scheidler, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mjs@arl.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 351 EP 354 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600080 ER PT S AU Dandekar, DP Prakash, V AF Dandekar, D. P. Prakash, V. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Effect of shock induced shear on spall strength of SIC-N SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2005, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE spall; compression-shear; failure front; silicon carbide; shear stress AB Spall strength of a hot-pressed silicon carbide marketed as SiC-N is determined to 16 GPa under both normal shock wave and under shock induced simultaneous compression-shear wave propagation. The preliminary results of this investigation suggest that shock induced shear under compression-shear wave propagation: (i) does bring about a decrease in the spall strength of SiC-N compared to under normal shock wave propagation and (ii) does seem to induce propagation of a failure front in SiC-N as evident from re-acceleration in the free surface velocity profiles in SiC-N prior to expected arrival of pull-back i.e., spall signal. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Dandekar, DP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM DDANDEK@ARL.MIL NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 607 EP 610 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600140 ER PT S AU Wright, TW Ramesh, KT Molinari, A AF Wright, T. W. Ramesh, K. T. Molinari, A. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Status of statistical modeling for damage from nucleation and growth of voids SO Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE ductile void growth; finite plasticity; spall fracture ID DYNAMIC GROWTH; CAVITATION AB This paper continues the development of a micromechanical/statistical theory for the nucleation and growth of voids in a ductile material. After briefly reviewing the theory, as developed previously, a model is proposed that couples the mean pressure in a porous solid with the growing porosity. New equations for dynamic self consistent void growth are established. Integration of the system establishes the rate dependent constitutive response for volumetric expansion with growing porosity. The computed pressure history indicates probable. instability and spatial localization. A common form of this type of localization is known as spall. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Wright, TW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 690 EP 693 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600161 ER PT S AU Grinfeld, MA Schoenfeld, SE Wright, TW AF Grinfeld, M. A. Schoenfeld, S. E. Wright, T. W. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Failure fronts in brittle materials and their morphological instabilities SO Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE brittle fracture; ceramics; failure fronts; morphological instability ID WAVES; GLASS; COMPRESSION; FRACTURE; DROPS AB There are various observations and experiments showing that in addition to standard shock-wave fronts, which propagate with trans-sonic velocities, other much slower wave-fronts can propagate within glass or ceramic substances undergoing intensive damage. These moving fronts propagate into intact substance leaving intensively damaged substance behind them. They have been called failure fronts or waves. Failure fronts can be modeled either as sharp interfaces separating two states - the intact and comminuted states - or, alternatively, as continuous traveling waves with large spatial gradients of a damage parameter. Our approach is motivated by the analogy between failure fronts and fronts of slow combustion. In this paper we present two main theoretical results that require experimental verification. One of them concerns the speed of a failure wave generated by oblique impact of a brittle target. The other establishes a criterion for morphological instability of failure fronts. C1 USA, Ballist Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Grinfeld, MA (reprint author), USA, Ballist Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 858 EP 861 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600201 ER PT S AU Raftenberg, MN AF Raftenberg, Martin N. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Application of a brittle damage model to normal plate-on-plate impact SO Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE brittle failure; shock loading; damage evolution AB The brittle damage model of Grinfeld, Schoenfeld, and Wright [1] was implemented in the LS-DYNA finite element code and applied to the simulation of normal plate-on-plate impact. The damage model introduces a state variable measure of damage that evolves in proportion to the elastic strain energy. The model degrades the elastic shear modulus in proportion to the state variable's current level. In a simulation of normal plate-on-plate impact, the model produces a gradient in elastic properties within the initially homogeneous target, and this gradient leads to a partial reflection of the unloading wave. For a range of values for the material constants introduced by the damage model, the target's free-surface velocity showed a gradual increase over time following the arrival of the initial compressive shock. C1 USA, Ballist Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL WM TD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Raftenberg, MN (reprint author), USA, Ballist Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL WM TD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 862 EP 865 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600202 ER PT S AU Iyer, K Dandekar, A AF Iyer, K. Dandekar, A. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Computational design study for recovery of shock damaged silicon carbide SO Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE recovery; AD995; silicon carbide; finite element analysis; damage AB The paper presents a computational study for design of experimental configurations that may permit the recovery of weak-shock loaded high-strength brittle ceramics such as silicon carbide with controlled amounts of damage. A set of 8 configurations involving momentum traps, and subjected to a nominal shock pressure of 4 GPa, is analyzed using finite element analysis with linear elastic and damage material models. The analyses identify influences of. (i) introducing a hole in the specimen center, (ii) specimen size, and (iii) impedance graded trapping. C1 USA, Ballist Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM TD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Iyer, K (reprint author), USA, Ballist Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM TD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 866 EP 869 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600203 ER PT S AU Hardiman, DF Kerce, JC Brown, GC AF Hardiman, David F. Kerce, J. Clayton Brown, George C. BE Drummond, OE TI Nonlinear estimation techniques for impact point prediction of ballistic targets - art. no. 62360C SO Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 2006 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY APR 18-20, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE estimation; non-linear dynamic system; Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB); Kalman filter AB This paper considers three nonlinear estimation algorithms for impact point prediction (IPP) of ballistic targets. The paper assumes measurements are available from a 3D surveillance radar or phased array radar over some portion of the ballistic trajectory. The ballistic target (BT) is tracked using an extended Kalman filter (EKF), an unscented Kalman filter (UKF), and a particle filter (PF). With the track estimate as an initial condition, the equations of motion for the BT are integrated to obtain a prediction of the impact point. This paper compares the performance of the EKF, UKF, and a particular choice of PF for impact point prediction. The traditional Extended Kalman Filter equations are based on a first-order Taylor, series approximation of the nonlinear transformations (expanded about the latest state estimate). Both the Unscented Kalman Filter and the Particle Filter allow nonlinear systems to be modeled without prior linearizion. The primary focus of the analysis presented in this paper is comparing the performance and accuracy of the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), and the chosen Particle Filter implementation for impact point prediction. The three filtering techniques are compared to the theoretical Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLB) of estimation error. C1 USA, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Hardiman, DF (reprint author), USA, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6292-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6236 BP C2360 EP C2360 AR 62360C DI 10.1117/12.679557 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BEX13 UT WOS:000239924400012 ER PT S AU Bonick, JR AF Bonick, James R. BE Kadar, I TI Higher category theory as a paradigm for network applications - art. no. 623515 SO Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XV CY APR 17-19, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE category theory; higher category theory; topos; sensor fusion; networks; mathematical logic AB The importance of network science to the present and future military is unquestioned. Networks of some type pervade every aspect of military operations-a situation that is shared by civilian society. However, several aspects of militarily oriented network science must be considered unique or given significantly greater emphasis than their civilian counterparts. Military, especially battlespace, networks must be mobile and robust. They must utilize diverse sensors moving in and out of the network. They must be able to survive various modes of attack and the destruction of large segments of their structure. Nodes often must pass on classifications made locally while other nodes must serve as combined sensor/classifiers or information coordinators. They must be capable of forming fluidly and in an ad hoc manner. In this paper, it will be shown how category theory, higher category theory, and topos theory provide just the model required by military network science. Category theory is a well-developed mathematical field that views mathematical structures abstractly, often revealing previously unnoticed correspondences. It has been used in database and software modeling, and in-sensor and data fusion. It provides an advantage over other modeling formalisms both in its generality and in its extensive theory. Higher category theory extends the insights of category theory into higher dimensions, enhancing robustness. Topos theory was developed, in part, through the application of category theory to logic, but it also has geometric aspects. The motivation behind including topos theory in network science is the idea that a mathematical theory fundamental to geometry and logic should be applicable to the study of systems of spatially distributed information and analysis flow. The structures presented in this paper will have profound and far-reaching applications to military networks. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Senors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Bonick, JR (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Senors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6291-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6235 BP 23515 EP 23515 AR 623515 DI 10.1117/12.649528 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEU87 UT WOS:000239564300040 ER PT S AU Chen, LY McKenna, T Gribok, A Reifman, J AF Chen, Liangyou McKenna, Thomas Gribok, Andrei Reifman, Jaques BE Kadar, I TI LAM: A landscape matching algorithm for respiratory data alignment - art. no. 62351B SO Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XV CY APR 17-19, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE respiratory rate; time-series alignment; correlation matching; vital signs; data mining ID SINUS ARRHYTHMIA AB Respiratory waveforms and their derived respiratory rate time-series data can become misaligned from each other when they are collected by vital signs monitors under sub-optimal field conditions. The monitor-provided waveforms and rates can be re-aligned by independently calculating respiratory rates from the waveforms and then aligning them with the monitor-provided rates. However, substantially different rates may be generated from the same waveform due to the presence of ambiguous breaths at noisy positions in the waveform. This paper reports a landscape matching (LAM) algorithm to align respiratory rate time-series data with the waveform that they are derived from by using rates that are calculated by different means. The algorithm exploits the intermittent matches between two respiratory rate time series to generate a matching score for an alignment. The best alignment exhibits the highest matching score. The alignment performance of the LAM algorithm is compared to that of a correlation matching (CM) algorithm using field-collected respiratory data. Alignment performance is evaluated by: (1) comparing the ability of the two algorithms to return a shifted waveform to its original, known position; and (2) comparing the percent of points that match between the monitor-provided and calculated respiratory rate time-series data after re-alignment. The LAM alignment algorithm outperforms the CM algorithm in both comparisons at a statistically significant level (P < 0.05). Out of 67 samples with shifted time-series data, on average, the LAM aligns respiratory rates within 44 seconds of the original position, which is significantly better the CM-calculated alignment (136 seconds). Out of 465 samples, the LAM performs better, worse, and equal to the CM algorithm in percentage of points matching in 73%, 11 %, and 16% of the cases, respectively. This robust alignment algorithm supports the use of reliable post-hoc monitor-provided respiratory rates for data mining purposes. C1 USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Chen, LY (reprint author), USA, Med Res & Mat Command, 504 Scott St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6291-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6235 BP B2351 EP B2351 AR 62351B DI 10.1117/12.664908 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEU87 UT WOS:000239564300046 ER PT S AU Poole, TS AF Poole, Toy S. BE Lamond, JF Pielert, JH TI Techniques, Procedures, and Practices of Sampling of Concrete and Concrete-Making Materials SO SIGNIFICANCE OF TESTS AND PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE AND CONCRETE-MAKING MATERIALS SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Poole, TS (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 978-0-8031-3367-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2006 VL 169D BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.1520/STP37721S D2 10.1520/STP169D-EB PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA BZA87 UT WOS:000300952500003 ER PT S AU Tatro, SB AF Tatro, Stephen B. BE Lamond, JF Pielert, JH TI Thermal Properties SO SIGNIFICANCE OF TESTS AND PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE AND CONCRETE-MAKING MATERIALS SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. RP Tatro, SB (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 978-0-8031-3367-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2006 VL 169D BP 226 EP 237 DI 10.1520/STP37740S D2 10.1520/STP169D-EB PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA BZA87 UT WOS:000300952500022 ER PT S AU Wong, GS AF Wong, G. Sam BE Lamond, JF Pielert, JH TI Petrographic Evaluation of Concrete Aggregates SO SIGNIFICANCE OF TESTS AND PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE AND CONCRETE-MAKING MATERIALS SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USA Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Wong, GS (reprint author), USA Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 978-0-8031-3367-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2006 VL 169D BP 377 EP 400 DI 10.1520/STP37751S D2 10.1520/STP169D-EB PG 24 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA BZA87 UT WOS:000300952500033 ER PT S AU Lelis, A Habersat, D Olaniran, F Simons, B McGarrity, J McLean, FB Goldsman, N AF Lelis, Aivars Habersat, Daniel Olaniran, Fatimat Simons, Brian McGarrity, James McLean, F. Barry Goldsman, Neil BE Dudley, M Capano, MA Kimoto, T Powell, AR Wang, S TI Time-dependent bias stress-induced instability of SiC MOS devices SO Silicon Carbide 2006 - Materials, Processing and Devices SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Silicon Carbide-Materials, Processing and Devices held at the 2006 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 18-20, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID SILICON AB We have observed a gate-bias stress induced instability in both the threshold voltage of SiC MOSFETs and the flatband voltage of SiC MOS capacitors. The magnitude of this bias stress-induced instability generally increases linearly with log time, with no saturation of the effect observed, even out to 100,000 seconds. The magnitude also increases with increasing gate field. A positive gate-bias stress causes a positive shift and a negative gate-bias stress causes a negative shift, consistent with electron tunneling into or out of oxide traps near the SiC/SiO2 interface as opposed to mobile ions drifting across the gate oxide. The effect is repeatable. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Lelis, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-867-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 911 BP 335 EP 340 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BFJ13 UT WOS:000242213500047 ER PT S AU Lenahan, PM Pfeiffenberger, NT Pribicko, TG Lelis, AJ AF Lenahan, P. M. Pfeiffenberger, N. T. Pribicko, T. G. Lelis, A. J. BE Devaty, RP TI Identification of deep level defects in SiC bipolar junction transistors SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE spin dependent recombination; recombination centers; bipolar transistors; deep level defects AB In this study, we report on the observation of recombination center defects in the base of 4H-SiC bipolar junction transistors. The defects are observed through a very sensitive electrically detected electron spin resonance technique called spin dependent recombination. To the best of our knowledge, these results represent the first electron spin resonance results of any kind reported in a fully processed SiC bipolar junction transistor and provide the first direct observations of the chemical and physical nature of recombination centers in SiC bipolar junction transistors. Our results clearly demonstrate the power of SDR techniques in the detection of recombination centers in SiC bipolar junction transistors. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, Res Labs, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Lenahan, PM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, 212 EES Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 567 EP 569 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200134 ER PT S AU Smith, HE Eyink, KG Mitchel, WC Wood, MC Fanton, MA AF Smith, Howard E. Eyink, Kurt G. Mitchel, William C. Wood, Mark C. Fanton, Mark A. BE Devaty, RP TI Evaluating and improving SIMS method for measuring nitrogen in SiC SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE SIMS; Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry; nitrogen; n-type; detection limit ID ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRACE ANALYSIS; CARBON AB A multiple data point version of the industry standard, two data point raster-changing procedure is employed to measure low levels (< 1 x 10(17) atoms/cm(3)) of nitrogen (N) in silicon carbide (SiC) by SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry). A current-changing procedure is also employed. Together, these are used evaluate the assumptions of the standard method, to separate and measure the components of background signal, and to improve upon the precision and accuracy of the standard method. The risk of poor precision in the two-point method is demonstrated, as is the improvement provided by the multiple-point method. Results show that, in addition to the well-known N memory background, adsorption background can contribute significantly to the N signal. In general, establishing the presence of adsorption gas in this way can be used to warn of the presence of ionization background, which is not measurable per se. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Penn State Univ, Elect Opt Ctr, Freeport, TX 16229 USA. RP Smith, HE (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 617 EP 620 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200146 ER PT S AU Jones, KA Zheleva, TS Shah, PB Derenge, MA Freitas, JA Gerard, GJ Vispute, RD Hullavard, S Dar, S AF Jones, K. A. Zheleva, T. S. Shah, P. B. Derenge, M. A. Freitas, J. A. Gerard, G. J. Vispute, R. D. Hullavard, S. Dar, S. BE Devaty, RP TI Variations in the effects of implanting Al at different concentrations into SiC SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE aluminum; implantation; D-I defect ID ALUMINUM AB SiC samples implanted at 600 degrees C with 10(18), 10(19), or 10(20) cm(-3) of Al to a depth of similar to 0.3 pm and annealed with a (BN)AlN cap at temperatures ranging from 1300 - 1700 degrees C were studied. Some of the samples have been co-implanted with C or Si. They are examined using Hall, sheet resistivity, CL, EPR, RBS, and TEM measurements. In all instances the sheet resistance is larger than a comparably doped epitaxial layer, with the difference being larger for samples doped to higher levels. The results suggest that not all of the damage can be annealed out, as stable defects appear to form, and a greater number or more complex defects form at the higher concentrations. Further, the defects affect the properties of the Al as no EPR peak is detected for implanted Al, and the implanted Al reduces the Al-Si peak intensity in bulk SiC. CL measurements show that there is a peak near 2.9941 eV that disappears only at the highest annealing temperature suggesting it is associated with a complex defect. The D, peaks persist at all annealing temperatures, and are possibly associated with a Si terminated partial dislocation. TEM analyses indicate that the defects are stacking faults and/or dislocations, and that these faulted regions can grow during annealing. This is confirmed by RBS measurements. C1 USA, Res Lab, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. William Paterson Univ, Wayne, NJ USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jones, KA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, SEDD, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 831 EP 834 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200196 ER PT S AU Freitas, JA Jones, KA Derenge, MA Vispute, RD Hullavard, S AF Freitas, J. A., Jr. Jones, K. A. Derenge, M. A. Vispute, R. D. Hullavard, S. BE Devaty, RP TI Observation of thermal-annealing evolution of defects in ion-implanted 4H-SiC by luminescence SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE boron; implantation; annealing; cathodoluminescence AB 4H-SiC samples implanted at 600 degrees C with 10(20) cm(-3) of B or B and C to a depth of similar to 0.5 mu m, capped with (BN/AlN), and annealed at temperatures ranging from 1400 degrees C - 1700 degrees C were studied using variable temperature cathodoluminescence. New emission lines, which may be associated with stacking faults, were observed in the samples co-implanted with B and C, but not in the samples implanted only with B. For both the B and B and C co-implanted samples, the intensity of the line near 3.0 eV decreases with increasing annealing temperature, TA, and this line is not observed after annealing at 1700 degrees C. The D, defect related emission lines are observed in the luminescence spectra of all samples and their relative intensities seem to vary with the implantation-annealing schedule and excitation conditions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Res Lab, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6877,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 847 EP 850 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200200 ER PT S AU Ervin, MH Jones, KA Lee, U Das, T Wood, MC AF Ervin, Matthew H. Jones, Kenneth A. Lee, Unchul Das, Taniya Wood, Mark C. BE Devaty, RP TI An approach to improving the morphology and reliability of n-SiC ohmic contacts to SiC using second-metal contacts SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE ohmic contacts; semiconductor device fabrication; semiconductor device metallization; semiconductor device reliability; semiconductor-metal interfaces AB While nickel ohmic contacts to n-type silicon carbide have good electrical properties, the physical contact, and therefore the reliability, can be poor. An approach is described for using the good electrical properties of Ni ohmic contacts while using another metal for its desired mechanical, thermal and/or chemical properties. In the present work, once the Ni contacts have been annealed forming nickel silicides and achieving low contact resistance, they are etched off. Removing the primary Ni contacts also eliminates the poor morphology, voids, and at least some of the excess carbon produced by the Ni/SiC reaction. The Ni contacts are then replaced by a second contact metal. This second metal displays low contact resistance as-deposited, indicating that the critical feature responsible for the ohmic contact has not been removed by the primary contact etch. Not only does this approach provide more flexibility for optimizing the contact for a given application, it also provides some insight into the ohmic contact formation mechanism. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Vecco Instruments, Chadds Ford, PA 19317 USA. RP Ervin, MH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 859 EP 862 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200203 ER PT S AU Das, MK Hull, BA Krishnaswami, S Husna, F Haney, S Lelis, A Scozzie, CJ Scofield, JD AF Das, Mrinal K. Hull, Brett A. Krishnaswami, Sumi Husna, Fatima Haney, Sarah Lelis, Aivars Scozzie, Charles J. Scofield, James D. BE Devaty, RP TI Improved 4H-SiC MOS interfaces produced via two independent processes: Metal enhanced oxidation and 1300 degrees C NO anneal SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE MOS; oxidation; nitriclation; MEO; interface states; channel mobility; MOSFETs AB Two previously reported MOS processes, oxidation in the presence of metallic impurities and annealing in nitric oxide (NO), have both been optimized for compatibility with conventional 4H-SiC DMOSFET process technology. Metallic impurities are introduced by oxidizing in an alumina environment. This Metal Enhanced Oxidation (MEO) yields controlled oxide thickness (t(OX)) and robustness against high temperature processing and operation while maintaining high mobility (69 cm(2)/Vs) and near ideal NMOS C-V characteristics. Raising the NO anneal temperature from 1175 degrees C to 1300 degrees C results in a 67% increase in the mobility to 49 cm(2)/Vs with a slight stretch-out in the NMOS C-V. Both processes exhibit a small 30% mobility reduction in MOSFETs fabricated on N-A = 1x10(18) cm(-3) implanted p-wells. The low field mobility in the MEO MOSFETs is observed to increase dramatically with measurement temperature to 160 cm(2)/Vs at 150 degrees C. C1 Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Das, MK (reprint author), Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 967 EP 970 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200226 ER PT S AU Habersat, DB Lelis, AJ Lopez, G McGarrity, JM McLean, FB AF Habersat, D. B. Lelis, A. J. Lopez, G. McGarrity, J. M. McLean, F. B. BE Devaty, RP TI On separating oxide charges and interface charges in 4H-SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor devices SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE oxide trapped charge; interface traps; charge separation ID SILICON-CARBIDE AB We have investigated the distribution of oxide traps and interface traps in 4H Silicon Carbide MOS devices. The density of interface traps, D-it, was characterized using standard C-V techniques on capacitors and charge pumping on MOSFETs. The number of oxide traps, N-OT, was then calculated by measuring the flatband voltage V-FB in p-type MOS capacitors. The amount that the measured flatband voltage shifts from ideal, minus the contributions due to the number of filled interface traps Nit, gives an estimate for the number of oxide charges present. We found D-it to be in the low 10(11) cm(-2) eV(-1) range in midgap and approaching 10(12)-10(13) cm(-2) eV(-1) near the band edges. This corresponds to an Nit of roughly 2.5 center dot 10(11) cm(-2) for a typical capacitor in flatband at room temperature. This data combined with measurements of V-FB indicates the presence of roughly 1.3 center dot 10(12) cm(-2) positive NOT charges in the oxide near the interface for our samples. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. RP Habersat, DB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1007 EP 1010 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200236 ER PT S AU Dautrich, MS Lenahan, PM Lelis, AJ AF Dautrich, Morgen S. Lenahan, Patrick M. Lelis, Aivars J. BE Devaty, RP TI Observation of deep-level centers in 4H-silicon carbide metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors by spin dependent recombination SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE silicon vacancy; deep level traps; point defects; MOSFET; magnetic resonance ID DIOXIDE INTERFACE; TRAPPING DEFECTS; SILICON; 4H; VACANCY; SURFACE AB In this study we report on spin-dependent recombination-detected electron spin resonance of interface/near interface defects in 4H-SiC metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors with thermally grown SiO2 gate stacks. We demonstrate a distribution of performance-limiting defects which extends beyond the SiC/SiO2 boundary into the SiC bulk. Our results strongly indicate that the defects are intrinsic and we tentatively identify them as silicon vacancy-like centers on the basis of strong, but imprecisely-resolved, Si-29 hyperfine sidepeaks in the magnetic resonance spectrum. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Dautrich, MS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, 212 EES Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1011 EP 1014 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200237 ER PT S AU Pennington, G Potbhare, S Goldsman, N Habersat, D Lelis, A AF Pennington, G. Potbhare, S. Goldsman, N. Habersat, D. Lelis, A. BE Devaty, RP TI Determination of the temperature and field dependence of the interface conductivity mobility in 4H-SiC/SiO2 SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE 4H-SiC MOSFET; field-effect mobility; conductivity mobility; compact modeling; and surface phonon scattering AB In this work we present a comparison between the field-effect (mu(FE)) and conductivity (mu(inv)) mobilities calculated from I-D-V-G measurements on a 4H-SiC MOSFET. A compact device model is used to determine pin, The conductivity mobility is found to be larger than mu(FE) near room temperature, but less than mu(FE) at 500K. These results are due to a reduction in charge trapping at higher temperatures. In strong inversion, mu(inv) decreases markedly with increasing temperature. Modeling indicates that surface phonon scattering dominates in this regime. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Pennington, G (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1055 EP 1058 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200248 ER PT S AU Zhu, L Chow, TP Jones, KA Scozzie, C Agarwal, A AF Zhu, Lin Chow, T. Paul Jones, Kenneth A. Scozzie, C. Agarwal, Anant BE Devaty, RP TI Performance comparison of 1.5kV 4H-SiC buried channel and lateral channel JBS rectifiers SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE 4H-SiC; JBS; Schottky and rectifier ID DIODE AB We theoretically and experimentally compare the performance of a new JBS rectifier structure, the Buried Channel JBS (BC-JBS) rectifier, with that of the Lateral Channel JBS (LC-JBS) rectifier with 1.5kV blocking capability in 4H-SiC. The BC-JBS rectifier employs buried p-type regions to create a vertical JFET region to reduce the surface electric field at Schottky contact during reverse blocking while the LC-JBS rectifier adds a lateral channel together with the vertical JFET region to protect the surface Schottky interface during high-voltage blocking conditions. The LC-JBS rectifier offers low reverse leakage current while the BC-JBS rectifier demonstrates lower specific on-resistance. The optimized LC-JBS rectifiers show low forward drop (< 1.8V) with PiN-like reverse characteristics. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Integrated Elect & Elect Mfg, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USA, Res Lab, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Zhu, L (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Integrated Elect & Elect Mfg, Troy, NY 12180 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1159 EP 1162 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200272 ER PT S AU Krishnaswami, S Ryu, SH Heath, B Agarwal, A Palmour, J Geil, B Lelis, A Scozzie, C AF Krishnaswami, Sumi Ryu, Sei-Hyung Heath, Bradley Agarwal, Anant Palmour, John Geil, Bruce Lelis, Aivars Scozzie, Charles BE Devaty, RP TI A study on the reliability and stability of high voltage 4H-SiC MOSFET devices SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE MOS reliability; TDDB; power MOSFET; 4H-SiC AB Gate oxide reliability measurements of 4H-SiC DMOSFETs were performed using the Time Dependent Dielectric Breakdown (TDDB) technique at 175 degrees C. The oxide lifetime is then plotted as a function of the electric field. The results show the projected oxide lifetime to be > 100 years at an operating field of similar to 3 MV/cm. Device reliability of 2.0 kV DMOSFETs was studied by stressing the gate with a constant gate voltage of + 15 V at a temperature of 175 degrees C, and monitoring the forward I-V characteristics and threshold voltage for device stability. Our very first measurements show very little variation between the pre-stress and post-stress conditions up to 1000 hrs of operation at 175 degrees C. In addition, forward on-current stressing of the MOSFETs show the devices to be stable up to 1000 hrs of operation. C1 Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Krishnaswami, S (reprint author), Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1313 EP 1316 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200310 ER PT S AU Lelis, AJ Habersat, D Lopez, G McGarrity, JM McLean, FB Goldsman, N AF Lelis, A. J. Habersat, D. Lopez, G. McGarrity, J. M. McLean, F. B. Goldsman, N. BE Devaty, RP TI Bias stress-induced threshold-voltage instability of SiC MOSFETs SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE MOSFET reliability; threshold voltage instability; oxide charge trapping AB We have observed instability in the threshold voltage, V-T, of SiC metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) due to gate-bias stressing. This effect has routinely been observed by us in all 4H and 6H SiC MOSFETs from three different manufacturers-even at room temperature. A positive-bias stress, applying an electric field of about 1 to 2 MV/cm across the gate oxide, for 3 minutes followed by a negative-bias stress for another 3 minutes typically results in a shift of the I-D-V-GS current-voltage characteristic in the range of 0.25 to 0.5 V and is repeatable. We speculate that this effect is due to the presence of a large number of near-interfacial oxide traps that presumably lie in the oxide transition region that extends several nm into the oxide from the SiC interface, caused by the presence of C and strained SiO2. This instability is consistent with charge tunneling in and out of these near-interfacial oxide traps, which in irradiated Si MOSFETs has been attributed to border traps. Also consistent with charge tunneling is the observed linear increase in the magnitude of the SiC V-T instability with log (time). C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lelis, AJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1317 EP 1320 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200311 ER PT S AU Potbhare, S Pennington, G Goldsman, N Lelis, A Habersat, D McLean, FB McGarrity, JM AF Potbhare, S. Pennington, G. Goldsman, N. Lelis, A. Habersat, D. McLean, F. B. McGarrity, J. M. BE Devaty, RP TI Using a first principles Coulomb scattering mobility model for 4H-SiC MOSFET device simulation SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE Coulomb scattering; surface roughness scattering; interface traps ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SURFACE-OXIDE CHARGES; INTERFACE; ELECTRONS AB A physics based device simulator for detailed numerical analysis of 4H-SiC MOSFETs with an advanced mobility model that accounts for the effects of bulk and surface phonons, surface roughness and Coulomb scattering by occupied interface traps and fixed oxide charges, has been developed. A first principles quasi-2D Coulomb scattering mobility model specifically for SiC MOSFETs has been formulated. Using this, we have been able to extract the interface trap density of states profile for 4H-SiC MOSFETs and have shown that at room temperature, Coulomb scattering controls the total mobility close to the interface. High temperature, low field simulations and experiments show that the current increases with increase in temperature. The effect of Coulomb scattering decreases with increase in temperature causing an increase in the total mobility near the interface at low gate voltages. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. RP Potbhare, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1321 EP 1324 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200312 ER PT S AU Hull, BA Das, MK Richmond, JT Heath, B Sumakeris, JJ Geil, B Scozzie, CJ AF Hull, Brett A. Das, Mrinal K. Richmond, James T. Heath, Bradley Sumakeris, Joseph J. Geil, Bruce Scozzie, Charles J. BE Devaty, RP TI High current 6 kV 4H-SiC PiN diodes for power module switching applications SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE PiN diode; bipolar power device; V-F drift; reverse recovery AB Forward voltage (V-F) drift, in which a 4H-SiC PiN diode suffers from an irreversible increase in VF under forward current flow, continues to inhibit commercialization of 4H-SiC PiN diodes. We present our latest efforts at fabricating high blocking voltage (6 kV), high current (up to 50 A) 4H-SiC PiN diodes with the best combination of reverse leakage current (I-R), forward voltage at rated current (V-F) and V-F drift yields. We have achieved greater than 60% total die yield on-wafer for 50 A diodes with a chip size greater than 0.7 cm(2). A comparison of the temperature dependent conduction and switching characteristics between a 50 A/6 kV 4H-SiC PiN diode and a commercially available 60 A/4.5 kV Si PiN diode is also presented. C1 Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Hull, BA (reprint author), Cree Inc, 4600 Sillicon Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1355 EP 1358 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200320 ER PT S AU Zhu, L Losee, PA Chow, JP Jones, KA Scozzie, C Ervin, MH Shah, PB Derenge, MA Vispute, RD Venkatesan, T Agarwal, A AF Zhu, Lin Losee, Peter A. Chow, J. Paul Jones, Kenneth A. Scozzie, C. Ervin, Matthew H. Shah, Pankaj B. Derenge, Michael A. Vispute, R. D. Venkatesan, T. Agarwal, Anant BE Devaty, RP TI Characteristics and ionization coefficient extraction of 1kV 4H-SiC implanted anode PIN rectifiers with near ideal performance fabricated using AIN capped annealing SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2005, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE 4H-SiC; junction rectifier; AIN Capped Anneal and ionization coefficient ID 4H SILICON-CARBIDE AB 4H-SiC PiN rectifiers with implanted anode and single-zone JTE were fabricated using AIN capped anneal. The surface damage during the high temperature activation anneal is significantly reduced by using AIN capped anneal. The forward drop of the PiN rectifiers at 100A/cm(2) is 3.0V while the leakage current is less than 10(-7) A/cm(2) up to 90% breakdown voltage at room temperature. With 6 mu m thick and 2 x 10(16)cm(-3) doped drift layer, the PiN rectifiers can achieve near ideal breakdown voltage up to 1050V. Hole impact ionization rate was extracted and compared with previously reported results. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Integrate Elect & Elect Mfg, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USA, Res Lab, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Zhu, L (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Integrate Elect & Elect Mfg, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM zhul3@rpi.edu; loseep3@rpi.edu; chowt@rpi.edu; kajones@arl.army.mil; cscozzie@arl.army.mil; Anant_Agarwal@cree.com RI Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1367 EP 1370 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200323 ER PT S AU Agarwal, A Krishnaswami, S Richmond, J Capell, C Ryu, SH Palmour, J Geil, B Katsis, D Scozzie, C Stahlbush, R AF Agarwal, Anant Krishnaswami, Sumi Richmond, James Capell, Craig Ryu, Sei-Hyung Palmour, John Geil, Bruce Katsis, Dimos Scozzie, Charles Stahlbush, Robert BE Devaty, RP TI Influence of basal plane dislocation induced stacking faults on the current gain in SiCBJTs SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE BPD; stacking fault; current gain degradation; BJT AB SiC BJTs show instability in the I-V characteristics after as little as 15 minutes of operation. The current gain reduces, the on-resistance in saturation increases, and the slope of the output characteristics in the active region increases. This degradation in the I-V characteristics continues with many hours of operation. It is speculated that this phenomenon is caused by the growth of stacking faults from certain basal plane dislocations within the base layer of the SiC BJT. Stacking fault growth within the base layer is observed by light emission imaging. The energy for this expansion of the stacking fault comes from the electron-hole recombination in the forward biased base-emitter junction. This results in reduction of the effective minority carrier lifetime, increasing the electron-hole recombination in the base in the immediate vicinity of the stacking fault, leading to a reduction in the current gain. It should be noted that this explanation is only a suggestion with no conclusive proof at this stage. C1 Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Agarwal, A (reprint author), Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1409 EP 1412 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200333 ER PT S AU Zhang, J Wu, J Alexandrov, P Burke, T Sheng, K Zhao, JH AF Zhang, Jianhui Wu, Jian Alexandrov, Petre Burke, Terry Sheng, Kuang Zhao, Jian H. BE Devaty, RP TI 1836 V, 4.7 m Omega center dot cm(2) high power 4H-SiC bipolar junction transistor SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE bipolar junction transistor (BJT); high voltage; low on-resistance; high temperature ID HIGH-CURRENT GAIN; BJTS AB This paper reports recent progress in the development of high power 4H-SiC BJTs based on an improved device design and fabrication scheme. Near theoretical limit high blocking voltage of V-CEO = 1,836 V has been achieved for 4H-SiC BJTs based on a drift layer of only 12 mu m, doped to 6.7 x 10(15) cm(-3). The collector current measured for a single cell BJT with an active area of 0.61 mm(2) is up to I-C = 9.87 A (J(C) = 1618 A/cm(2)). The collector current is 7.64 A (J(C) =1252 A/cm(2)) at V-CE = 5.9 V in the saturation region, corresponding to an absolute specific on-resistance (RSP-ON) of 4.7 M Omega(.)cm(2). From V-CE = 2.4 V to V-CE = 5.8 V, the BJT has a differential RSP-ON of only 3.9 M Omega(.)cm(2). The current gain is about 8.8 at Ic = 5.3 A (869 A/cm(2)). This 4H-SiC BJT shows a V-2/RSP-ON of 717 MW/cm(2), which is the highest value reported to date for high-voltage and high-current 4H-SiC BJTs. A very large area 4H-SiC BJT with an active area of 11.3 mm(2) is also demonstrated. C1 United Silicon Carbide Inc, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Rutgers State Univ, SiCLAB, ECE Dept, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. USA, TACOM, Warren, MI 48697 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), United Silicon Carbide Inc, 100 Jersey Ave,Bldg A, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1417 EP 1420 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200335 ER PT S AU Krishnaswami, S Agarwal, A Richmond, J Capell, C Ryu, SH Palmour, J Geil, B Katsis, D Scozzie, C AF Krishnaswami, Sumi Agarwal, Anant Richmond, James Capell, Craig Ryu, Sei-Hyung Palmour, John Geil, Bruce Katsis, Dimosthenis Scozzie, Charles BE Devaty, RP TI High temperature characterization of 4H-SiC bipolar junction transistors SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE power BJTs; Bipolar Junction Transistor; current gain; three-stage darlington ID CURRENT GAIN AB This paper summarizes the recent demonstration of 3200 V, 10 A BJT devices with a high common emitter current gain of 44 in the linear region, and a specific on-resistance of 8.1 m Omega-cm(2) (10 A at 0.90 V with a base current of 350 mA and an active area of 0.09 cm(2)). The on-resistance increases to 40 m Omega-cm(2) at 350 degrees C, while the DC current gain decreases to 30. A sharp avalanche behavior was observed with a leakage current of 10 mu A at a collector voltage of 3.2 kV. C1 Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Krishnaswami, S (reprint author), Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1437 EP 1440 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200340 ER PT S AU Richmond, J Ryu, SH Krishnaswami, S Agarwal, A Palmour, J Geil, B Katsis, D Scozzie, C AF Richmond, Jim Ryu, Sei-Hyung Krishnaswami, Sumi Agarwal, Anant Palmour, John Geil, Bruce Katsis, Dimosthenis Scozzie, Charles BE Devaty, RP TI 400 watt boost converter utilizing silicon carbide power devices and operating at 200 degrees C baseplate temperature SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE boost converter; Schottky diode; BJT; transistor; MOSFET; high temperature AB This paper reports on a 400 watt boost converter using a SiC BJT and a SiC MOSFET as the switch and a 6 Amp and a 50 Amp SiC Schottky diode as the output rectifier. The converter was operated at 100 kHz with an input voltage of 200 volts DC and an output voltage of 400 volts DC. The efficiency was tested with an output loaded from 50 watts to 400 watts at baseplate temperatures of 25 degrees C, 100 degrees C, 150 degrees C and 200 degrees C. The results show the converter in all cases capable of operating at temperatures beyond the range possible with silicon power devices. While the converter efficiency was excellent in all cases, the SiC MOSFET and 6 Amp Schottky diode had the highest efficiency. Since the losses in a boost converter are dominated by the switching losses and the switching losses of the SiC devices are unaffected by temperature, the efficiency of the converter was effectively unchanged as a function of temperature. C1 Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Richmond, J (reprint author), Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1445 EP 1448 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200342 ER PT S AU Zwick, H Edsall, P Ness, J Hare, L Stuck, B AF Zwick, H. Edsall, P. Ness, J. Hare, L. Stuck, B. BE Ferguson, IT Narendran, N Taguchi, T Ashdown, IE TI Utilization of the Crawford transformation in evaluation of the spectral efficiency of solid state light sources - art. no. 63370N SO Sixth International Conference on Solid State Lighting SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Solid State Lighting CY AUG 14-17, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID DARK-ADAPTATION AB The purpose of this study is to develop procedures for evaluating the transient effects of solid state light sources used as illumination sources at night. Traditional light sources used at night are designed to preserve dark adaptation by employing long wavelength visible sources that minimally affect rod photoreceptor sensitivity, while new LED light sources provide a mix of visible spectral sources with visible spectral components that may effect rod function and possibly impede night vision. The Crawford transformation was used generate spectral dark adaptation functions for LED flashlight background effects on dark adaptation induced by background exposure conditions from four solid state light sources. Increment background spectral sensitivity functions were generated for each of four LED flashlight sources (S 1, S2, & S3) as well as from a merger of each LED source with a broadband Goldman-Weekers (GW) dark adaptometer source (S5) to simulate transition for day to night light environments. Increment background spectral sensitivity for both methods of generating increment spectral sensitivity were consistent in showing similar spectral background effects on spectral sensitivity but differed in the dynamic range of recovery. Those spectra that had components in the middle wavelength region (S2 and S3) showed a more restricted rod function as compared with SI and S2. C1 USAMRD, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Zwick, H (reprint author), USAMRD, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks City Base, TX USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6416-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6337 BP N3370 EP N3370 AR 63370N DI 10.1117/12.679154 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BFI63 UT WOS:000242040800015 ER PT J AU Adam, F Rajib, S Ganesan, G Kamimori, G AF Adam, F. Rajib, S. Ganesan, G. Kamimori, G. TI Life after lapses: Using distribution plots to characterize performace change across sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 343 BP A117 EP A117 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700344 ER PT J AU Bailey, JD Richards, JM Killgore, WD AF Bailey, J. D. Richards, J. M. Killgore, W. D. TI Prediction of mood fluctuations during sleep deprivation with the SAFTE Model SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 179 BP A60 EP A61 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700180 ER PT J AU Balkin, T Fletcher, A Johnson, D Kamimori, G AF Balkin, T. Fletcher, A. Johnson, D. Kamimori, G. TI No evidence of a post-caffeine performance 'crash' during 77 hours of sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 344 BP A117 EP A117 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700345 ER PT J AU Clegern, WC Van Dongen, H Balkin, TJ Wesenten, NJ Belenky, G AF Clegern, W. C. Van Dongen, H. Balkin, T. J. Wesenten, N. J. Belenky, G. TI Time on task effect of chronic sleep restriction SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Washington State Univ, Sleep & Performance Res Ctr, Spokane, WA USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Behav Biol, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 395 BP A134 EP A134 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700396 ER PT J AU Day, LM Li, CJ Killgore, DB Kamimori, GH Killgore, WD AF Day, L. M. Li, C. J. Killgore, D. B. Kamimori, G. H. Killgore, W. D. TI Emotional intelligence moderates the effect of sleep deprivation on moral reasoning SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 398 BP A135 EP A135 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700399 ER PT J AU Fukunaga, M Horovitz, SG Jacco, DA Peter, V Susan, FC Balkin, TJ Duyn, JH AF Fukunaga, M. Horovitz, S. G. Jacco, D. A. Peter, V. Susan, F. C. Balkin, T. J. Duyn, J. H. TI Spatio-temporal characteristics of fMRI signal fluctuation during light sleep SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 NINDS, Adv MRI, LFMI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Behav Biol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RI Duyn, Jozef/F-2483-2010; Fukunaga, Masaki/F-6441-2013 OI Fukunaga, Masaki/0000-0003-1010-2644 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 77 BP A25 EP A25 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700079 ER PT J AU Horovitz, SG Fukunaga, M de Zwart, ZJA van Gelderen, P Fulton, SC Balkin, TJ Duyn, JH AF Horovitz, S. G. Fukunaga, M. de Zwart, J. A. van Gelderen, P. Fulton, S. C. Balkin, T. J. Duyn, J. H. TI Bold fmri during awake rest and light sleep SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 NINDS, Adv MRI, LFMI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Behav Biol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RI Duyn, Jozef/F-2483-2010; Fukunaga, Masaki/F-6441-2013 OI Fukunaga, Masaki/0000-0003-1010-2644 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 108 BP A36 EP A36 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700110 ER PT J AU Huck, NO Kendall, AP McBride, SA Killgore, WD AF Huck, N. O. Kendall, A. P. McBride, S. A. Killgore, W. D. TI The perception of facial emotion is enhanced by psychostimulants following two nights of sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 402 BP A136 EP A136 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700403 ER PT J AU Johnson, D Jody, G Fideli, U Campbell, W Vo, A AF Johnson, D. Jody, G. Fideli, U. Campbell, W. Vo, A. TI Daytime hypoactivity and disrupted sleep in migraine: A pilot assessment via actigraphy SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 885 BP A301 EP A302 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916701262 ER PT J AU Kahn-Green, ET Day, LM Conrad, AK Leavitt, BP Killgore, DB Killgore, WD AF Kahn-Green, E. T. Day, L. M. Conrad, A. K. Leavitt, B. P. Killgore, D. B. Killgore, W. D. TI Short-term vs. long-term planning abilities: Differential effects of stimulants on executive function in sleep deprived individuals SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 1080 BP A370 EP A370 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916701457 ER PT J AU Kahn-Green, ET Conrad, AK Killgore, DB Kaminiori, GH Killgore, WD AF Kahn-Green, E. T. Conrad, A. K. Killgore, D. B. Kaminiori, G. H. Killgore, W. D. TI Tired and frustrated: Using a projective technique for assessing responses to stress during sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 385 BP A130 EP A130 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700386 ER PT J AU Kamimori, G Fletcher, A Johnson, D Barton, N Thompson, T AF Kamimori, G. Fletcher, A. Johnson, D. Barton, N. Thompson, T. TI Ability of caffeine to maintain night-time performance during three consecutive nights without sleep SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 345 BP A117 EP A118 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700346 ER PT J AU Kendall, AP McBride, SA Killgore, WD AF Kendall, A. P. McBride, S. A. Killgore, W. D. TI Visuospatial perception of Line Orientation is resistant to one night of sleep loss SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 1078 BP A369 EP A370 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916701455 ER PT J AU Kendall, AP McBride, SA Kamimori, GH Killgore, WD AF Kendall, A. P. McBride, S. A. Kamimori, G. H. Killgore, W. D. TI The interaction of coping skills and stimulants on sustaining vigilance: Poor coping may keep you up at night SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 383 BP A129 EP A130 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700384 ER PT J AU Killgore, DB Kahn-Green, ET Balkin, TJ Kamimori, GH Killgore, WD AF Killgore, D. B. Kahn-Green, E. T. Balkin, T. J. Kamimori, G. H. Killgore, W. D. TI 56 hours of wakefulness is associated with a subclinical increase in symptoms of psychopathology SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 384 BP A130 EP A130 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700385 ER PT J AU Killgore, DB McBride, SA Balkin, TJ Leavitt, BP Killgore, WD AF Killgore, D. B. McBride, S. A. Balkin, T. J. Leavitt, B. P. Killgore, W. D. TI Modafinil improves humor appreciation during sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 128 BP A42 EP A43 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700129 ER PT J AU Killgore, WD Killgore, DB Kahn-Green, ET Conrad, AK Balkin, TK Kamimori, GH AF Killgore, W. D. Killgore, D. B. Kahn-Green, E. T. Conrad, A. K. Balkin, T. J. Kamimori, G. H. TI Introversive personalities are more resilient against sleep loss SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 404 BP A137 EP A137 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700405 ER PT J AU Killgore, WD Day, LM Li, CJ Kamimori, GH Balkin, TJ Killgore, DB AF Killgore, W. D. Day, L. M. Li, C. J. Kamimori, G. H. Balkin, T. J. Killgore, D. B. TI Moral reasoning is affected by sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 405 BP A137 EP A137 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700406 ER PT J AU Krugler, AL Killgore, WD Kamimori, GH AF Krugler, A. L. Killgore, W. D. Kamimori, G. H. TI Trait anger predicts resistance to sleep loss SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 382 BP A129 EP A129 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700383 ER PT J AU Lindsley, G Doherty, T Kolka, M Dowse, H Leammukda, M Donajkowski, C Johnson, C Stephenson, L AF Lindsley, G. Doherty, T. Kolka, M. Dowse, H. Leammukda, M. Donajkowski, C. Johnson, C. Stephenson, L. TI Circadian rhythmicity of core temperature, heart rate, and background EEG frequencies beta and delta may be regulated by a common pacemaker SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 SleepWell, Lexington, MA USA. Sage BioMath, Bergheim, TX USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, TMD, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Maine, Orono, ME USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 169 BP A57 EP A57 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700170 ER PT J AU Lipizzi, EL Leavitt, BP Killgore, DB Kamimori, GH Killgore, WD AF Lipizzi, E. L. Leavitt, B. P. Killgore, D. B. Kamimori, G. H. Killgore, W. D. TI Decision making capabilities decline with increasing duration of wakefulness SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 388 BP A131 EP A131 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700389 ER PT J AU Lipizzi, EL Killgore, DB Kahn-Green, ET Kamimori, GH Killgore, WD AF Lipizzi, E. L. Killgore, D. B. Kahn-Green, E. T. Kamimori, G. H. Killgore, W. D. TI Emotional intelligence scores decline during sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 387 BP A131 EP A131 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700388 ER PT J AU MacDermott, SM Kristo, DA Lettieri, CJ Andrada, T Taylor, Y Eliasson, AH AF MacDermott, S. M. Kristo, D. A. Lettieri, C. J. Andrada, T. Taylor, Y. Eliasson, A. H. TI Split night polysomnography in the diagnosis and treatment of the upper airway resistance syndrome SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pulm, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Crit Care Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 527 BP A179 EP A180 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700531 ER PT J AU McBride, SA Killgore, WD Kahn-Green, ET Conrad, AK Kamimori, GH AF McBride, S. A. Killgore, W. D. Kahn-Green, E. T. Conrad, A. K. Kamimori, G. H. TI Caffeine administered to maintain overnight alertness does not disrupt performance during the daytime withdrawal period SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 401 BP A136 EP A136 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700402 ER PT J AU McBride, SA Killgore, DB Balkin, TJ Kamimori, GH Killgore, WD AF McBride, S. A. Killgore, D. B. Balkin, T. J. Kamimori, G. H. Killgore, W. D. TI Sleepy people smell worse: Olfactory decrements as a function of sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 399 BP A135 EP A135 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700400 ER PT J AU Miller, NL Shattuck, LG Smith, DR AF Miller, N. L. Shattuck, L. G. Smith, D. R. TI Sleep patterns of cadets at the United States Military Academy: Interim findings of a four-year longitudinal study SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S BP A116 EP A116 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700341 ER PT J AU Muckle, AE Killgore, DB Killgore, WD AF Muckle, A. E. Killgore, D. B. Killgore, W. D. TI Gender differences in the effects of stimulant medications on the ability to estimate unknown quantities when sleep deprived SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 1076 BP A369 EP A369 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916701453 ER PT J AU Murray, CJ Newman, RA O'Sullivan, ME Killgore, DB Balkin, TJ Killgore, WD AF Murray, C. J. Newman, R. A. O'Sullivan, M. E. Killgore, D. B. Balkin, T. J. Killgore, W. D. TI Individual differences in stress management capacity predict responsiveness to caffeine during sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 1081 BP A370 EP A371 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916701458 ER PT J AU Murray, CJ Killgore, DB Kamimori, GH Killgore, WD AF Murray, C. J. Killgore, D. B. Kamimori, G. H. Killgore, W. D. TI Individual differences in stress management capacity predict responsiveness to caffeine during sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 130 BP A43 EP A43 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700131 ER PT J AU Newman, RA Kamimori, GH Killgore, WD AF Newman, R. A. Kamimori, G. H. Killgore, W. D. TI Sleep deprivation diminishes constructive thinking SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 403 BP A136 EP A137 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700404 ER PT J AU O'Sullivan, ME Reichardt, RM Krugler, AL Killgore, DB Killgore, WD AF O'Sullivan, M. E. Reichardt, R. M. Krugler, A. L. Killgore, D. B. Killgore, W. D. TI Premorbid intelligence correlates with duration and quality of recovery sleep following sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 1086 BP A372 EP A372 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916701462 ER PT J AU Picchioni, D Carr, WS Horovitz, SG Fukunaga, M Duyn, JH Braun, AR Balkin, TJ AF Picchioni, D. Carr, W. S. Horovitz, S. G. Fukunaga, M. Duyn, J. H. Braun, A. R. Balkin, T. J. TI A preliminary assessment of the utility of FMRI to differentiate early and late stage-1 sleep SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Duyn, Jozef/F-2483-2010; Fukunaga, Masaki/F-6441-2013 OI Fukunaga, Masaki/0000-0003-1010-2644 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 1000 BP A342 EP A342 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916701377 ER PT J AU Reichardt, RM Killgore, DB Lipizzi, EL Li, CJ Krugler, AL Killgore, WD AF Reichardt, R. M. Killgore, D. B. Lipizzi, E. L. Li, C. J. Krugler, A. L. Killgore, W. D. TI The effects of stimulants on recovery sleep and post-recovery verbal performance following 61-hours of sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 127 BP A42 EP A42 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700128 ER PT J AU Richards, JM Killgore, DB Killgore, WD AF Richards, J. M. Killgore, D. B. Killgore, W. D. TI The effect of 44 hours of sleep deprivation on mood using the visual analog mood scales SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 391 BP A132 EP A133 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700392 ER PT J AU Richards, JM Killgore, WD AF Richards, J. M. Killgore, W. D. TI The effect of caffeine, dextroamphetamine, and modafinil on alertness and mood during sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 129 BP A43 EP A43 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700130 ER PT S AU Alexander, TA AF Alexander, Troy A. BE Cullum, BM Carter, JC TI Patterned arrays for the efficient detection of whole cells SO Smart Medical and Biomedical Sensor Technology IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Medical and Biomedical Sensor Technology IV CY OCT 03-04, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE Surface-Enhanced-Raman-Spectroscopy; SERS; bacterial spores AB Surface-Enhanced-Raman-Spectroscopy (SERS) is potentially a very sensitive technique for the detection of biological agents (i.e., proteins, viruses or whole cell bacteria). However, since initial reports, its utility has not been realized. Its limited acceptance as a routine analysis technique for both chemical and biological agents is largely due to the lack of reproducible SERS-active substrates. Most established SERS substrate fabrication schemes are based on self-assembly of the metallic (typically, Au, Ag, Pt, Pd or Cu) surfaces responsible for enhancement. Further, these protocols do not lend themselves to the stringent control over the enhancing feature shape, size, and placement on a nanometer scale. SERS can be made a more robust and attractive spectroscopic technique for biological agents by developing quantifiable, highly sensitive, and highly selective SERS-active substrates. Recently, novel SERS-active substrates, fabricated from nano-patterned Si and Au have been commercialized and are easily obtained in the marketplace. Commercialized Au SERS-active substrates fabricated using semiconductor manipulation and routine metal vapor deposition techniques used for the spectral analysis of intact bacterial cells. This tall: will focus on the substrate characterization (microscopic and spectral) and application towards whole cells. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SE,EO, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Alexander, TA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SE,EO, 2800 Pwder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6478-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6380 BP U14 EP U22 DI 10.1117/12.686360 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BFR03 UT WOS:000243906200002 ER PT S AU McMasters, S Stratis-Cullum, DN AF McMasters, Sun Stratis-Cullum, Dimitra N. BE Cullum, BM Carter, JC TI Evaluation of aptamers as molecular recognition elements for pathogens using capillary electrophoretic analysis SO Smart Medical and Biomedical Sensor Technology IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Medical and Biomedical Sensor Technology IV CY OCT 03-04, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE capillary electrophoresis; molecular recognition elements; food pathogens; aptamer; biosensors ID PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION; EQUILIBRIUM MIXTURES; AFFINITY; SELECTION; TIME AB The biomolecular interactions between a fluorescently labeled aptamer and whole cell Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) have been characterized using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. From electrophoretic analysis, the bound complex forms, unbound aptamer, and cells were visualized. The relative binding affinity of the DNA aptamer with C. jejuni was compared with other food-borne pathogens including Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium. Preliminary data suggests that this aptamer exhibits strong binding affinity towards C. jejuni with minimal cross reactivity over other food pathogens when equivalent cell concentrations were used. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP McMasters, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6478-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6380 BP U83 EP U90 DI 10.1117/12.686357 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BFR03 UT WOS:000243906200009 ER PT J AU Takasaki, KC Martin, WA Medina, VF Marsh, JR AF Takasaki, KC Martin, WA Medina, VF Marsh, JR TI A metal detector study to locate inactive small arms range impact areas SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE lead; metal detection; small arms firing range; bullets ID OUTDOOR SHOOTING RANGES; LEAD; SOILS; FLORIDA; WATER; USA AB Historical records suggested the existence of .45 caliber Thompson sub-machine gun ranges near the Fort Lewis Evergreen Range; however the precise location of the bullet impact area was not known. The site covered 20 acres, too large to cost-effectively characterize using convention grid sampling techniques. As an alternative, a study was conducted using a hand-held metal detector to locate the bullet impact areas. The metal detector chosen, a Garrett Graphic Target Imaging (TM)(GTI) 2500, has an LCD screen, which provides the user information on the potential size and depth of the object causing the signal. A two-man team performed the study and bullet detection was confirmed by excavation. The metal detector proved effective at finding .45 caliber bullets. Three impact areas were successfully identified and marked using a global positioning system (GPS). The metal detecting strategy saved substantial sampling time and over $35,000.00 by decreasing the sampling area by 93 percent. C1 USA, Ctr Res & Dev, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Seattle, WA USA. RP Martin, WA (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res & Dev, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM andy.martin@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 379 EP 386 DI 10.1080/15320380600751744 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 059LD UT WOS:000238733400004 ER PT J AU Davis, JL Brooks, MC Larson, SL Nestler, CC Felt, DR AF Davis, Jeffrey L. Brooks, Michael C. Larson, Steven L. Nestler, Catherine C. Felt, Deborah R. TI Lime treatment of explosives-contaminated soil from munitions plants and firing ranges SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE alkaline hydrolysis; RDX; TNT; hydrated lime; munitions ID ALKALINE-HYDROLYSIS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; N-15 NMR; TNT; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; DEGRADATION; KINETICS; RDX AB Microcosms were prepared using soils from munitions plants and active firing ranges and treated with hydrated lime. The presence of particulate explosives and co-contaminants, and the concentration of soil total organic carbon (TOC) on the alkaline hydrolysis reaction were studied. Trinitrobenzene (TNB) and dinitrobenzene (DNB) were sensitive to alkaline hydrolysis under these experimental conditions. The TNT metabolites, 2A- and 4A-DNT were also removed, although more slowly than the parent compound, and the reaction required a higher pH (> 12). RDX retention in the soil was proportional to the TOC content. The degradation intermediates of the alkaline hydrolysis reaction partitioned in the soil matrix in a manner similar to the parent. Solid particles of explosives are also degraded by alkaline hydrolysis. RDX and HMX exhibited 74 and 57% removal, respectively, in 21 days. TNT as whole and broken grains, showed 83 and 99.9% removal in 21 days, respectively. The propellants, 2,4- and 2,6-DNT were insensitive to alkaline hydrolysis. Alkaline hydrolysis is an inexpensive and effective means of reducing the varied explosives contamination. C1 USACE, ERDC, EP E, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. US EPA, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Appl Res Associate Inc, So Div, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Davis, JL (reprint author), USACE, ERDC, EP E, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Jeffrey.L.Davis@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2006 VL 15 IS 6 BP 565 EP 580 DI 10.1080/15320380600959032 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 098DO UT WOS:000241501400003 ER PT J AU Tomson, T Tamm, G AF Tomson, T Tamm, G TI Short-term variability of solar radiation SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE fluctuation; solar irradiance; distribution function AB This paper presents a study of the variability of solar radiation in the minute-long time range. The solar climate in Northern Europe is classified in this paper as being either stable, or highly variable, due to stochastic cloud cover inducing fluctuations of the solar irradiance. In general, solar radiation exhibits both positive and negative increments in the radiation during any period. The distribution functions of these increments with respect to their magnitude and duration are investigated, as well the distribution functions of stable intervals during generally variable radiation. The distribution functions are found to be a superposition of two exponential functions with different exponents, which depend on the magnitude of the radiation increments. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tallinn Univ Technol, Dept Mat Sci, EE-19086 Tallinn, Estonia. US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Tomson, T (reprint author), Tallinn Univ Technol, Dept Mat Sci, Ehitajate Tee 5, EE-19086 Tallinn, Estonia. EM teolan@anet.ee; Gunnar.Tamm@usma.edu NR 8 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2006 VL 80 IS 5 BP 600 EP 606 DI 10.1016/j.solener.2005.03.009 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 049WB UT WOS:000238047200013 ER PT J AU Barry, D Fischer, RA Hoffman, KW Barry, T Zimmerman, EG Dickson, KL AF Barry, Dwight Fischer, Richard A. Hoffman, Karl W. Barry, Tami Zimmerman, Earl G. Dickson, Kenneth L. TI Assessment of habitat values for indicator species and avian communities in a Riparian Forest SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD FOREST; UNITED-STATES; LANDSCAPE; BIRDS; CORRIDORS; ECOLOGY; MODELS; ECOSYSTEMS AB Habitat suitability index (HSI) models, which are meant to analyze the habitat value of an area for a particular species of interest, are commonly used to evaluate species, communities, and habitats for management or impact assessment. However, many assessments are conducted under strict time and money limitations, and this use of HSI may lead to inappropriate interpretations. The purpose of our work was to evaluate the relationships between three HSI models, the presence of their attendant species, and related avian communities at common assessment time scales. We compared the habitat values of a north Texas bottomland forest measured by HSI models for three species commonly used as indicators of this habitat type, Hairy Woodpecker, Pileated Woodpecker, and Barred Owl, with (1) the actual presence of each species, and (2) the presence of a larger forest-dependent avian community. HSI values did not correlate well with either occurrences of the indicator species or communities for any of the three models. Our results suggest that these models are not necessarily effective indicators of actual habitat use by indicator species, and may not be useful in helping managers make decisions that may affect an entire community related by habitat type. Positive assessments of habitat value through HSI values should be appraised carefully before management decisions are initiated, perhaps through outside review and/or a clear discussion of the context. The primary value of HSI use may be the ability to measure changes in the habitats themselves over time, and not exclusively as representations of species or community presence. C1 Lewisville Wildlife Management Area, Denton, TX 76203 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, ATTN,CEERD EE E, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ N Texas, Inst Appl Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Univ N Texas, Dept Biol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Barry, D (reprint author), Lewisville Wildlife Management Area, POB 310559, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM dwightb@pcadmin.ctc.edu NR 52 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 20 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2006 VL 5 IS 2 BP 295 EP 310 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2006)5[295:AOHVFI]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 068YB UT WOS:000239409700010 ER PT J AU Rogers, CJ AF Rogers, CJ TI Warfare in medieval Brabant, 1356-1406. SO SPECULUM-A JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Rogers, CJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIEVAL ACAD OF AMER PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1430 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0038-7134 J9 SPECULUM JI Speculum-J. Mediev. Stud. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 81 IS 1 BP 150 EP 151 PG 2 WC Medieval & Renaissance Studies SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 011FD UT WOS:000235252600013 ER PT J AU Hawley, JS Ney, JP Riechers, RG AF Hawley, JS Ney, JP Riechers, RG TI Intramedullary spinal sarcoidosis: clinical improvement reflected in T-lymphocyte subpopulation ratios SO SPINAL CORD LA English DT Article DE intramedullary sarcoidosis; spinal sarcoidosis; sarcoidosis lymphocyte subpopulations ID NEUROSARCOIDOSIS AB Study design: Case report. Objectives: A case report of spinal sarcoidosis improving clinically and radiographically with treatment which correlated with improvement in cerebrospinal. fluid T-lymphocyte subpopulation ratios. Setting: Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Case report: A 46-year-old man presented with an enhancing spinal cord lesion. Lymph node biopsy confirmed sarcoidosis, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed elevation in the ratio of two T-lymphocyte subpopulations. Treatment with steroids resulted in clinical resolution and immunocytologic improvement in the CSF. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Ney, JP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, 6900 Georgia Ave,NW,Bldg 2, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1362-4393 J9 SPINAL CORD JI Spinal Cord PD JAN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 1 BP 49 EP 51 DI 10.1038/sj.sc.3101782 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 000WJ UT WOS:000234492800009 PM 16030515 ER PT J AU Potter, BK Kirk, KL Shah, SA Kuklo, TR AF Potter, BK Kirk, KL Shah, SA Kuklo, TR TI Loss of coronal correction following instrumentation removal in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; posterior spinal fusion; instrumentation removal; loss of correction ID OPERATIVE SITE PAIN; POSTERIOR INSTRUMENTATION; SPINAL INSTRUMENTATION; DELAYED INFECTIONS; FUSION; RADIOGRAPHS; INTRAOBSERVER; WIRES AB Study Design. Retrospective radiographic analysis of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) status after instrumentation removal. Objective. To evaluate the effect of instrumentation removal in surgically corrected AIS. Summary of Background Data. Spinal instrumentation is occasionally removed for various reasons, most commonly for postoperative pain or infection, in surgically corrected AIS. The fate of instrumentation removal in adults has been previously reported with documented loss of sagittal alignment. However, to our knowledge, the long-term follow-up after instrumentation removal in AIS has not been reported. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the preoperative, pre-instrumentation removal, postoperative following instrumentation removal, and latest follow-up radiographs of all patients with a primary diagnosis of AIS who underwent instrumentation removal after posterior spinal fusion. There were 21 patients (15 females, 6 males) from 2 institutions, at an average age of 14.8 years (range 9-19), who were originally treated between 1988 and 2002. Instrumentation removal occurred at an average of 2.4 years after surgery (range 8 months to 4 years, 2 months), with an average follow-up of 5.2 years (range 2-11). Fifteen patients underwent removal secondary to pain (2 of these with undetected infection) and 6 for known infection. Evaluation included coronal proximal thoracic, main thoracic, thoracolumbar/ lumbar (TL/L), and sagittal T2-T5, T5-T12, T2-T12, T10-L2, T12-S1, and sagittal balance before surgery, before instrumentation removal, at immediate post-removal evaluation, and at latest follow-up. Results. There were 12 main thoracic curves (Lenke type 1), 6 double thoracic curves (Lenke type 2), and 3 double major curves (Lenke type 3) in the series. Average proximal thoracic curve was 19.7 degrees (range 5 degrees-35 degrees), the main thoracic curve 63.3 (range 42 degrees-112 degrees), and the TL-L curve averaged 31.4 degrees (range 17 degrees-53 degrees). There was an immediate loss of approximately 4 degrees (range 0 degrees-8 degrees) in the main thoracic curve and 6 degrees (range 1 degrees-15 degrees) in the TL/L curve after removal, with continued settling of an additional 6 degrees (10 degrees total, P = 0.002) in the main thoracic curve, and 3 degrees in the TL/L curve (9 degrees total, P = 0.01). There was also a significant difference in the group that underwent instrumentation removal < 2 years after surgery compared to > 2 years (main thoracic curve 13 degrees vs. 7 degrees, P = 0.017; TL/L 11 degrees vs. 7 degrees, P = 0.036). There were no significant changes in sagittal curvature or sagittal balance in either group (P > 0.39). Conclusions. Instrumentation removal in AIS is not always a benign process because the long-term follow-up of this cohort of patients shows a "settling" effect in the coronal plane of the main thoracic and TL/L curves after instrumentation removal. Interestingly, there was no change in the sagittal plane with time. Parents and patients should be counseled for this result when instrumentation removal is contemplated, and limited removal of focally symptomatic implants should be considered. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Clin, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Alfred I Dupont Hosp Children, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Wilmington, DE USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Kuklo, TR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Clin, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Bldg 2,Clin 5A,6900 Georgia Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Timothy.Kuklo@na.amedd.army.mil NR 24 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1 BP 67 EP 72 DI 10.1097/01.brs.0000192721.51511.fe PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 998VD UT WOS:000234347100014 PM 16395179 ER PT J AU Knapik, JJ Sharp, MA Darakjy, S Jones, SB Hauret, KG Jones, BH AF Knapik, Joseph J. Sharp, Marilyn A. Darakjy, Salima Jones, Sarah B. Hauret, Keith G. Jones, Bruce H. TI Temporal changes in the physical fitness of US Army recruits SO SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA; UNITED-STATES-ARMY; PREDICTING BODY DENSITY; SECULAR TRENDS; RISK-FACTORS; GENERALIZED EQUATIONS; FACTORIAL ANALYSIS; PERFORMANCE TESTS; MUSCULAR STRENGTH; AMERICAN CHILDREN AB This article defines physical fitness and then reviews the literature on temporal trends in the physical fitness of new US Army recruits. Nineteen papers were found that met the review criteria and had published recruit fitness data from 1975 to 2003. The limited data on recruit muscle strength suggested an increase from 1978 to 1998 (20-year period). Data on push-ups and sit-ups suggested no change in muscular endurance between 1984 and 2003 (19-year period). Limited data suggested that maximal oxygen uptake ((V) over dot O-2max) [mL/kg/min] of male recruits did not change from 1975 to 1998 (23-year period), while there was some indication of a small increase in female recruit (V) over dot O-2max in the same period. On the other hand, slower times on 1-mile (1.6km) and 2-mile (3.2km) runs indicate declines in aerobic performance from 1987 to 2003 (16-year period). The apparent discrepancy between the (V) over dot O-2max and endurance running data may indicate that recruits are not as proficient at applying their aerobic capability to performance tasks, such as timed runs, possibly because of factors such as increased bodyweight, reduced experience with running, lower motivation and/or environmental factors. Recruit height, weight and body mass index have progressively increased between 1978 and 2003 (25-year period). Both the body fat and fat-free mass of male recruits increased from 1978 to 1998 (20-year period); however, body composition data on female recruits did not show a consistent trend. In this same time period, the literature contained little data on youth physical activity but there was some suggestion that caloric consumption increased. This article indicates that temporal trends in recruit fitness differ depending on the fitness component measured. The very limited comparable data on civilian populations showed trends similar to the recruit data. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Knapik, JJ (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM joseph.knapik@apg.amedd.army.mil NR 147 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 4 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 0112-1642 J9 SPORTS MED JI Sports Med. PY 2006 VL 36 IS 7 BP 613 EP 634 DI 10.2165/00007256-200636070-00005 PG 22 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 063BT UT WOS:000238991700005 PM 16796397 ER PT J AU Murphy, KP Helgeson, MD Lehman, RA AF Murphy, Kevin P. Helgeson, Melvin D. Lehman, Ronald A., Jr. TI Surgical treatment of acute lateral collateral ligament and posterolateral corner injuries SO SPORTS MEDICINE AND ARTHROSCOPY REVIEW LA English DT Review DE posterolateral corner instability; multiple ligament knee injury; lateral collateral ligament; popliteus ID POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; ROTATORY INSTABILITY; POPLITEOFIBULAR LIGAMENT; KNEE; DEFICIENCY; STABILITY AB Early surgical treatment of injuries to the posterolateral corner of the knee is recommended to promote rehabilitation for normal function of the knee. To optimize the chance at primary repair, surgery should be performed within 2 weeks; otherwise, reconstruction is the most viable option. During operative treatment, each component of the posterolateral corner is assessed individually, with primary repair performed if amenable to repair. Additional techniques, such as augmentation, advancement, or reconstruction may be needed if the primary repair is tenuous or the tissues damaged. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg & Rehabil, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. RP Lehman, RA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg & Rehabil, 1224 Crockett Lane, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. EM lehman@na.amedd.army.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1062-8592 J9 SPORTS MED ARTHROSC JI Sports Med. Arthrosc. Rev. PY 2006 VL 14 IS 1 BP 23 EP 27 DI 10.1097/01.jsa.0000189950.44704.0d PG 5 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 175OC UT WOS:000247021900005 PM 17135942 ER PT J AU Scobell, A AF Scobell, Andrew BE Edmonds, M Tsai, MM TI China's military threat to Taiwan in the twenty-first century Coercion or capture? SO TAIWAN'S DEFENSE REFORM SE Routledge Security in Asia Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FORCE C1 [Scobell, Andrew] USA, War Coll, Strateg Studies Inst, Washington, DC 20310 USA. [Scobell, Andrew] Dickinson Coll, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. RP Scobell, A (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Strateg Studies Inst, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-02773-8 J9 ROUTL SECUR ASIA SER PY 2006 BP 29 EP 40 PG 12 WC Area Studies; International Relations; Political Science SC Area Studies; International Relations; Government & Law GA BMY38 UT WOS:000273888500005 ER PT S AU Mason, G Melloh, R AF Mason, George Melloh, Rae BE Watkins, WR Clement, D TI Attribution of soil information associated with modeling background clutter - art. no. 623905 SO Targets and Backgrounds XII: Characterization and Representation SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds XII CY APR 17-18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE mine detection; spatial variations; soil attribution; physical properties of soils AB This paper examines the attribution of data fields required to generate high resolution soil profiles for support of Computational Test Bed (CTB) used for countermine research. The countermine computational test bed is designed to realistically simulate the geo-environment to support the evaluation of sensors used to locate unexploded ordnance. The goal of the CTB is to derive expected moisture, chemical compounds, and measure heat migration over time, from which we expect to optimize sensor performance. Several tests areas were considered for the collection of soils data to populate the CTB. Collection of bulk soil properties has inherent spatial resolution limits. Novel techniques are therefore required to populate a high resolution model. This paper presents correlations between spatial variability in texture as related to hydraulic permeability and heat transfer properties of the soil. The extracted physical properties are used to exercise models providing a signature of subsurface media and support the simulation of detection by various sensors of buried and surface ordnance. C1 USA, ERDC, GSL, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Mason, G (reprint author), USA, ERDC, GSL, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6295-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6239 BP 23905 EP 23905 AR 623905 DI 10.1117/12.665701 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES02 UT WOS:000239204600004 ER PT S AU Tan, R Bender, R AF Tan, Robert Bender, Robert BE Watkins, WR Clement, D TI Analysis of Doppler measurements of people - art. no. 623908 SO Targets and Backgrounds XII: Characterization and Representation SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds XII CY APR 17-18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE AB With the changing nature of international security it is of interest to the military to use remote sensors to detect and classify people as potential threats. We chose a millimeter wave (MMW) radar as our sensor to collect data on single and small groups of people that were either walking or running to determine how easily they could be detected. This work was done to support the concept of using Ka-band radar to detect people from an airborne platform. Fully polarimetric Ka-band radar data was collected of people walking and running at various orientations with respect to the radar. Micro-Doppler analysis reveals Doppler oscillations with time that are characteristic of people at all orientations measured. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Tan, R (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6295-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6239 BP 23908 EP 23908 AR 623908 DI 10.1117/12.664191 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES02 UT WOS:000239204600006 ER PT S AU O'Brien, SG Tofsted, DH AF O'Brien, Sean G. Tofsted, David H. BE Watkins, WR Clement, D TI Development of a terahertz short range imaging model - art. no. 623909 SO Targets and Backgrounds XII: Characterization and Representation SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds XII CY APR 17-18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE terahertz; ray trace; turbulence; atmospheric water vapor; image model AB A ray trace model was developed to simulate atmospheric effects upon short range imaging of a scene for a narrow frequency band centered at 650 GHz. The frequency chosen is in the vicinity of a terahertz frequency band atmospheric window. We describe the assumptions that went into this model, including the statistics for the density distribution of atmospheric water vapor, which is one of the main molecular absorbers in this spectral region. We also summarize the results of a measurement program in which point sensors (with a 20 Hz sampling rate) measured wind-advected water vapor density. We examine the validity of the atmospheric absorption statistics assumed in our imaging model through a spectral analysis of the temporal series for absorption coefficient derived from the water vapor density data. C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. RP O'Brien, SG (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6295-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6239 BP 23909 EP 23909 AR 623909 DI 10.1117/12.673584 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES02 UT WOS:000239204600007 ER PT S AU Tofsted, DH O'Brien, SG AF Tofsted, David H. O'Brien, Sean G. BE Watkins, WR Clement, D TI Modeling optical turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer - art. no. 62390G SO Targets and Backgrounds XII: Characterization and Representation SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds XII CY APR 17-18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE optical propagation; turbulence; boundary layer ID STRUCTURE PARAMETER; TEMPERATURE AB Continued interest in temporal variations of optical turbulence argues for the development of a model to characterize turbulence conditions for ground-to-ground, ground-to-air, and air-to-ground observation/propagation scenarios. Standard vertical profile models of the refractive index structure parameter (C-n(2)) are available in segmented form, but are here combined to produce a single mean model of vertical structure for near noon daytime conditions that combines surface layer, boundary layer, and upper tropospheric effects. This model eliminates the discontinuities and ambiguities present in previous results. The temporal evolution of turbulence is also discussed, and several of the challenges to modelling C-n(2) at a single level and developing temporally evolving vertical profile are addressed. The temporal evolution appears best handled via a surface energy budget model, which when coupled with an evolving profile model would provide greatly improved capabilities for simulating turbulence. C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat Informat Sci Directorate, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. RP Tofsted, DH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Computat Informat Sci Directorate, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6295-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6239 BP G2390 EP G2390 AR 62390G DI 10.1117/12.673580 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES02 UT WOS:000239204600014 ER PT S AU Morris, J Richard, H Lowman, A Youngren, R AF Morris, Joe Richard, Henri Lowman, Alan Youngren, Rob BE Murrer, RL TI Object oriented design (OOD) in real-time Hardware-in-the-Loop (HWIL) simulations - art. no. 620806 SO Technologies for Synthetic Environments: Hardware-in the-Loop Testing XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing XI CY APR 18-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE AMSTAR; hardware-in-the-loop simulation; HWIL; real-time simulation; missile interface; Test Set; RAP AB Using object oriented design (OOD) concepts in AMRDEC's Hardware-in-the Loop (HWIL) real-time simulations allows the user to interchange parts of the simulation to meet test requirements. A large-scale three-spectral band simulator connected via a high speed reflective memory ring for time-critical data transfers to PC controllers connected by non real-time Ethernet protocols is used to separate software objects from logical entities close to their respective controlled hardware. Each standalone object does its own dynamic initialization, real-time processing, and end of run processing; therefore it can be easily maintained and updated. A Resource Allocation Program (RAP) is also utilized along with a device table to allocate, organize, and document the communication protocol between the software and hardware components. A GUI display program lists all allocations and deallocations of HWIL memory and hardware resources. This interactive program is also used to clean up defunct allocations of dead processes. Three examples are presented using the OOD and RAP concepts. The first is the control of an ACUTRONICS-built three-axis flight table using the same control for calibration and real-time functions. The second is the transportability of a six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) simulation from an Onyx residence to a Linux-PC. The third is the replacement of the 6-DOF simulation with a replay program to drive the facility with archived run data for demonstration or analysis purposes. C1 USA, Syst Simulat & Dev Directorate, Dev & Engn Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Morris, J (reprint author), USA, Syst Simulat & Dev Directorate, Dev & Engn Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6264-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6208 BP 20806 EP 20806 AR 620806 DI 10.1117/12.667255 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES14 UT WOS:000239241300006 ER PT S AU Das, NC Chang, W Simonis, G Tobin, M AF Das, Naresh C. Chang, W. Simonis, George Tobin, M. BE Murrer, RL TI MWIR LED array for. high temperature target simulation - art. no. 62080N SO Technologies for Synthetic Environments: Hardware-in the-Loop Testing XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing XI CY APR 18-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE surface emitting devices; IR scene projection; 2-D LED array ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; SCENE PROJECTION; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; DEVICE; LASERS AB We report here the light emission from IR interband-cascade (IC) Type-II-super lattice LED structures. The light emission is observed from bottom side through the substrate. We employed two different IC epitaxial structures for the LED experiments consisting of 9 or 18 periods of active super lattice gain regions separated by multilayer injection regions. The light output (and the voltage drop) of the LEDs is observed to increase with decrease of device operating temperature from room temperature (300 K) to liquid helium temperature (4 K). At low temperature the light emission as well as voltage drop has peak like structure with device injection, currents. We observed a red shift in peak wavelength of LED emission with higher DC injection current where as blue shift due to pulsed injection current. C1 USA, Res Lab, Microphoton Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Das, NC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Microphoton Branch, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6264-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6208 BP N2080 EP N2080 AR 62080N DI 10.1117/12.665864 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES14 UT WOS:000239241300021 ER PT J AU Lassman, TC AF Lassman, TC TI Establishing research corporation: A case study of patents, philanthropy, and organized research in early twentieth-century America. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Ctr Mil Hist, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Lassman, TC (reprint author), USA, Ctr Mil Hist, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 47 IS 1 BP 227 EP 229 DI 10.1353/tech.2006.0078 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 030SH UT WOS:000236654200043 ER PT J AU Huffer, LL Furgerson, JL AF Huffer, LL Furgerson, JL TI Aortic root dilatation with sinus of Valsalva coronary artery aneurysms - Associated with ankylosing spondylitis SO TEXAS HEART INSTITUTE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ankylosing spondylitis/complications; aortic aneurysm/pathology; aortic root dilatation; aortic valve insufficiency coronary aneurysm; HLA-B27 antigen/blood; sinus of Valsalva/pathology ID DISEASE AB The HLA-B27-related spondyloarthopathies are associated with cardiovascular disease in 2% to 10% of cases. Inflammation and sclerosis of the aortic root and ventricular septum have been linked to the development of isolated aortic regurgitation and conduction abnormalities, however, aneurysms of the aortic sinuses and coronary arteries have not been previously described. We report the case of a 58-year-old white man who presented for evaluation of dyspnea and was found to have aneurysms of the sinuses of Valsalva and the circumflex coronary artery. The patient underwent aortic root replacement. Approximately 3 months later, he presented with symptoms, radiographs, and laboratory data consistent with ankylosing spondylitis. To our knowledge, these particular cardiovascular manifestations of HLA-B27-related disease have not been previously reported. This case expands the clinical spectrum of the disease and should prompt the clinician to consider the possibility of HLA-B27-associated cardiovascular disease in patients who have aortic and coronary aneurysms. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Cardiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Huffer, LL (reprint author), 19 Winchester St,Apt 506, Brookline, MA 02446 USA. EM lhuffer@partners.org NR 7 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXAS HEART INST PI HOUSTON PA PO BOX 20345, HOUSTON, TX 77225-0345 USA SN 0730-2347 J9 TEX HEART I J JI Tex. Heart Inst. J. PY 2006 VL 33 IS 1 BP 70 EP 73 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 022UC UT WOS:000236080500018 PM 16572876 ER PT J AU Pan, N Gibson, P AF Pan, N. Gibson, P. BE Pan, N Gibson, P TI Thermal and moisture transport in fibrous materials Introduction SO THERMAL AND MOISTURE TRANSPORT IN FIBROUS MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Pan, N.] Univ Calif Davis, Div Text & Clothing, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gibson, P.] USA, Macromol Sci Team, AMSRD NSC SS MS, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Pan, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Div Text & Clothing, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM npan@ucdavis.edu; Phillip.Gibson@us.army.mil; npan@ucdavis.edu; Phillip.Gibson@us.army.mil RI Gibson, Phillip/D-2398-2010 OI Gibson, Phillip/0000-0002-6172-4438 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-057-1 PY 2006 BP XIV EP XVI PG 3 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA BNC50 UT WOS:000274159600001 ER PT J AU Gibson, P AF Gibson, P. BE Pan, N Gibson, P TI Multiphase flow through porous media SO THERMAL AND MOISTURE TRANSPORT IN FIBROUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COUPLED DIFFUSION; CELLULAR MATERIAL; MASS-TRANSFER; HEAT; MOISTURE; FABRICS; MODEL C1 USA, Macromol Sci Team, AMSRD NSC SS MS, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Gibson, P (reprint author), USA, Macromol Sci Team, AMSRD NSC SS MS, Soldier Syst Ctr, Bldg 3 Res,Room 321, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM Phillip.Gibson@us.army.mil; Phillip.Gibson@us.army.mil RI Gibson, Phillip/D-2398-2010 OI Gibson, Phillip/0000-0002-6172-4438 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-057-1 PY 2006 BP 308 EP 356 DI 10.1533/9781845692261.2.308 PG 49 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA BNC50 UT WOS:000274159600010 ER PT J AU Gibson, P Barry, J Hill, R Brasser, P Sobera, M Kleijn, C AF Gibson, P. Barry, J. Hill, R. Brasser, P. Sobera, M. Kleijn, C. BE Pan, N Gibson, P TI Computational modeling of clothing performance SO THERMAL AND MOISTURE TRANSPORT IN FIBROUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HEAT C1 [Gibson, P.] USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Macromol Sci Team, AMSRD NSC SS MS, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Barry, J.; Hill, R.] Creare Res & Dev Inc, Hanover, NH USA. [Sobera, M.; Kleijn, C.] Delft Univ Technol, NL-2600 AA Delft, Netherlands. RP Gibson, P (reprint author), USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Macromol Sci Team, AMSRD NSC SS MS, Bldg 3 Res,Room 321, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM Phillip.Gibson@us.army.mil; Phillip.Gibson@us.army.mil RI Gibson, Phillip/D-2398-2010; OI Gibson, Phillip/0000-0002-6172-4438; Brasser, Paul/0000-0002-8580-9209 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-057-1 PY 2006 BP 542 EP 559 DI 10.1533/9781845692261.3.542 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA BNC50 UT WOS:000274159600016 ER PT B AU Yokota, M Berglund, LG Gonzalez, JA Blanchard, LA AF Yokota, M. Berglund, L. G. Gonzalez, J. A. Blanchard, L. A. BE Fan, J TI Transient sweat rate calculation from humidity measurements under clothing SO Thermal Manikins and Modelling LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Thermal Manikin and Modelling Meeting CY OCT 16-18, 2006 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA AB This study demonstrates a method for monitoring evaporative sweat rates (EvapSR) during steady and intermittent activities. The method was validated on a sweating thermal manikin wearing a long sleeved shirt and trousers (standard military battle dress uniform) instrumented with temperature-humidity sensors under the clothing. The manikin tests were at steady state conditions in an environmental chamber at 35 degrees C/50%RH and wind speed ranging between 0.36 and 1.94 m circle s(-1). The manikin was adjusted to produce sweat rates between 0 and 150 g circle m(-2) circle h(-1). EvapSR was estimated from weighted measured skin wettedness and the maximum evaporative rate, and compared to the manikin's sweat rate. This technique was further validated with humans engaged in intermittent work. Overall, this is a simple promising approach for estimating EvapSR. The method is non-invasive and enables monitoring and assessment for safety, health and hydration status of industrial and military personnel engaged in a wide range of situations. C1 USA, RIEM, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Berglund, LG (reprint author), USA, RIEM, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIV PI KOWLOON PA YUK CHOI RD, HUNG HOM, KOWLOON, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-962-367-534-5 PY 2006 BP 50 EP 57 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BFX68 UT WOS:000245322500006 ER PT B AU Berglund, LG Gonzalez, JA AF Berglund, L. G. Gonzalez, J. A. BE Fan, J TI Clothing ventilation estimates from manikin measurements SO Thermal Manikins and Modelling LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Thermal Manikin and Modelling Meeting CY OCT 16-18, 2006 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA AB Clothing ventilation air exchange can be deduced from energy balance results of clothing insulation studies on dry and sweating thermal manikins over a range of air speeds. This paper demonstrates that energy balances at the skin of the clothed dry heated manikin operating in a 20 degrees C 50% RH environment can determine the energy carried away by ventilation air. The volume flow rates are calculated assuming intrinsic insulation is unchanged by air speed and that the ventilation air leaves the clothing system at skin temperature. Similarly energy balances on the clothed sweating manikin operating in a 35 degrees C 50%RH environment (air temperature=skin temperature) can determine the latent energy carried away by the ventilation air assuming the ventilation air leaves saturated. Clothing ventilation rate estimates at three air speeds determined on the dry and sweating manikin are compared. Demonstration is conducted on military clothing with and without body armour and on fuel handler's protective coverall. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Berglund, LG (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIV PI KOWLOON PA YUK CHOI RD, HUNG HOM, KOWLOON, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-962-367-534-5 PY 2006 BP 158 EP 164 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BFX68 UT WOS:000245322500018 ER PT B AU Gonzalez, JA Berglund, LG Kolka, MA Endrusick, TL AF Gonzalez, J. A. Berglund, L. G. Kolka, M. A. Endrusick, T. L. BE Fan, J TI Forced ventilation of protective garments for hot industries SO Thermal Manikins and Modelling LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Thermal Manikin and Modelling Meeting CY OCT 16-18, 2006 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA AB The performance of a battery powered, forced air distribution system for ventilation under protective clothing (torso body armour) was evaluated on a sweating thermal manikin in a 35 degrees C and 50% RE environment. The ventilation system, delivering 9 L circle s(-1) of ambient air, increased the heat loss from the manikin by 45 W. Measurements made on the manikin indicated that the ventilation decreased the dry thermal resistance and the vapour resistance of the clothing system by 17 and 20%, respectively. C1 USA, RIEM, Biophys & Biomed Modelling Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Endrusick, TL (reprint author), USA, RIEM, Biophys & Biomed Modelling Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIV PI KOWLOON PA YUK CHOI RD, HUNG HOM, KOWLOON, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-962-367-534-5 PY 2006 BP 165 EP 169 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BFX68 UT WOS:000245322500019 ER PT B AU Endrusick, T Berglund, L Gonzalez, J Gallimore, R Zheng, J AF Endrusick, Thomas Berglund, Larry Gonzalez, Julio Gallimore, Richard Zheng, James BE Fan, J TI Use of a spacer vest to increase evaporative cooling under military body armour SO Thermal Manikins and Modelling LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Thermal Manikin and Modelling Meeting CY OCT 16-18, 2006 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA AB U.S. military forces are currently using the Interceptor Body Armour (IBA) system which can increase human thermal stress when worn in and environments. This study investigated a spacer vest (SV) designed to distance the IBA from the wearer's skin surface, increasing evaporative cooling around the torso. A series of lightweight SV designed to be worn under the IBA was tested for thermal insulation (clo) and water vapour permeability (i(m)) on a sweating thermal manikin (TM). The TM was dressed in 3 configurations: with the U.S. Army Temperate Battle Dress Uniform (TBDU); with the IBA over the TBDU; and with the IBA over the various SV and the TBDU. TM results were used as input to a computer model predicting core temperature (T-c,degrees C), skin temperature (T-sk,degrees C), heart rate (HR,bpm), sweat rate, (SR,g/min), skin wettedness (SW,%), and total body water loss (WL,1). Output described responses when exposed to desert environments with air temperatures of 30, 40 and 50 degrees C during repeated, intermittent exercise (10 min rest/ 30 min walk). TM results showed thermal insulation increased and water vapour permeability decreased when IBA was worn over the TBDU. Use of a SV between the IBA and TBDU reduced thermal insulation and increased water vapour permeability. This translated into a theoretical increase in whole body evaporative cooling potential (i(m)/clo) of approximately 20% when wearing a SV compared to when wearing the IBA without a SV. Predictive model results showed thermo-physiological benefits when using a SV with lower SW at 30 degrees C, lower T, TA, HR, SR, SW, and WL at 40 degrees C and lower T-c at 50 degrees C. C1 USA, Res Inst Environm Med, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Endrusick, T (reprint author), USA, Res Inst Environm Med, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIV PI KOWLOON PA YUK CHOI RD, HUNG HOM, KOWLOON, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-962-367-534-5 PY 2006 BP 381 EP 387 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BFX68 UT WOS:000245322500044 ER PT J AU Schwertner, HA McGlasson, D Christopher, M Bush, AC AF Schwertner, H. A. McGlasson, D. Christopher, M. Bush, A. C. TI Effects of different aspirin formulations on platelet aggregation times and on plasma salicylate concentrations SO THROMBOSIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aspirin; salicylic acid; platelet aggregation; formulations; pharmacokinetics; plasma concentrations ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ENTERIC-COATED ASPIRIN; ANTIPLATELET THERAPY; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; TABLETS; BIOAVAILABILITY; KINETICS; RELEASE; DEATH; MEN AB Background: Early aspirin treatment is widely used to inhibit platelet activity and to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients presenting with an acute myocardial infarction or a stroke. A number of different aspirin formulations have been used for this purpose; however, a comparison of their effectiveness in inhibiting early platelet aggregation has not been determined. Methods: In this study, we determined plasma salicylate concentrations and platelet inhibitory activities at various times after ingestion of three commonly used aspirin formulations: soluble aspirin (Alka-Seltzer), 325 mg, chewed baby aspirin, 324 mg, and whole compressed non-enteric coated aspirin, 324 mg. Twenty-four healthy volunteers, 18-39 years of age, participated in the prospective single-blinded triple-crossover study. Plasma salicylate concentrations and inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation were determined on post-dose blood samples collected at 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 40 min. All subjects crossed over to the other two formulations with at least 2 weeks between ingestions. Results: The median platelet inhibition times for the chewed, soluble, and whole aspirin formulations were 7.5, 7.5, and 10.0 min, respectively. Soluble and chewed aspirin were found to inhibit platelet aggregation faster than whole aspirin (p < 0.001); however, there were no significant differences in platelet aggregation times between the soluble and chewed formulations (p < 0.163). Inhibition of platelet aggregation was found to occur at an average plasma salicylate concentration of 2.46 mu g/mL, regardless of method of ingestion. Conclusion: The results indicate that soluble and chewed aspirin inhibit platelet aggregation in a shorter period of time than does whole aspirin. The results suggest that chewing baby aspirin or taking soluble buffered aspirin may be the preferred route of administration for early platelet inhibition. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium E, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Schwertner, HA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM harvey.schwertner@lackland.af.mil NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0049-3848 J9 THROMB RES JI Thromb. Res. PY 2006 VL 118 IS 4 BP 529 EP 534 DI 10.1016/j.thromres.2005.10.001 PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 087DX UT WOS:000240723900015 PM 16298420 ER PT J AU Isenbarger, DW Atwood, JE Scott, PT Bateson, T Coyle, LC Gillespie, DL Pearse, LA Villines, TC Cassimatis, DC Finelli, LN Taylor, AJ Grabenstein, JD AF Isenbarger, DW Atwood, JE Scott, PT Bateson, T Coyle, LC Gillespie, DL Pearse, LA Villines, TC Cassimatis, DC Finelli, LN Taylor, AJ Grabenstein, JD TI Venous thromboembolism among United States soldiers deployed to Southwest Asia SO THROMBOSIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE venous; thromboembolism; military; Southwest Asia ID DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS; LONG-HAUL FLIGHTS; PULMONARY-EMBOLISM; AIR-TRAVEL; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; RISK; PREVENTION; POPULATION; FREQUENCY AB Introduction: Military operations may represent a high-risk environment for venous thromboembolism (VTE). We sought to identify and describe cases of venous thromboembolism among US military personnel serving in Southwest Asia, and estimate relative disease rates compared to non-deployed personnel. Materials and methods: Retrospective review of imaging archives, hospital discharge codes, case togs and autopsy records for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism occurring from 1 March 2003 through 29 February 2004 among U.S. military personnel deployed to Southwest Asia. Rates of disease in deployed and non-deployed active-duty soldiers were estimated using personnel data and deployment experience obtained from automated rosters. Results: Forty cases of venous thromboembolism were identified. The case-fatality rate was 16% (3 / 19) among those with pulmonary embolism. Antecedent trauma followed by prolonged air evacuation was present in 55% (22/40). Compared to trauma-associated cases, non-trauma cases were more commonly over 40 years old (44% vs. 5%; p<0.05), assigned to a transportation or quartermaster company (56% vs. 14%; p<0.05), or had a history of remote venous thromboembolism (31% vs. 0%; p<0.05). The overall incidence among deployed active-duty soldiers was 22.1 / 100,000 person-years. Compared to non-deployed active-duty soldiers, the age-adjusted incidence rate ratio was 1.06 (CI0.95 0.68-1.67). Conclusions: VTE rates among deployed soldiers are relatively tow compared to the general population, and are comparable to non-deployed soldiers. Fatalities from PE are not uncommon, and vigilance among clinicians remains warranted. Trauma followed by prolonged air evacuation or ground transport during military operations may represent unique interactive risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Div Cardiol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Army Med Surveillance Act, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Landstuhl, Germany. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Vasc Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, Rockville, MD USA. USA, Off Surg Gen, Falls Church, VA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Div Cardiol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. RP Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Div Cardiol, 600 N Wolfe St,Carnegie 568 Cardiol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM isenbargerdw@hotmail.com OI Villines, Todd/0000-0003-2674-3702; Gillespie, David/0000-0002-4378-9465 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0049-3848 J9 THROMB RES JI Thromb. Res. PY 2006 VL 117 IS 4 BP 379 EP 383 DI 10.1016/j.thromres.2005.04.002 PG 5 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 017FU UT WOS:000235680300004 PM 15882893 ER PT J AU Holley, AB Moores, LK Jackson, JL AF Holley, AB Moores, LK Jackson, JL TI Provider preferences for DVT prophylaxis SO THROMBOSIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM; MEDICAL PATIENTS; RISK-FACTORS; NONSURGICAL PATIENTS; PULMONARY-EMBOLISM; PREVENTION; ENOXAPARIN; HEPARIN; PREVALENCE AB Background: Patients admitted to medicine wards are typically elderly with multiple co-morbidities, placing them at significant risk for venous thromboembolic (VTE) disease. Standard guidelines to help physicians assess risk and institute prophylaxis do not currently exist for this patient population. Our purpose was to assess how clinicians would rate a patient's risk for VTE and what recommendations they would make for prophylaxis. Methods: Internal medicine residents and staff at a tertiary care medical center were asked to identify risk factors, evaluate VTE risk, and recommend a method of prophylaxis for patients described in eight clinical vignettes created by the authors. Each vignette was designed to represent a patient at a specific level of risk. Results: 35 physicians returned the survey. Responders were able to identify some risk factors and weigh them appropriately when assigning an overall risk level. There was good agreement on risk Level among responders (k = 0.62) and moderate agreement comparing responders with our pre-defined gold standard (GS) (k = 0.42). Compared to the GS they underestimated the level of risk almost 50% of the time. The risk level they assigned affected the type of prophylaxis recommended, with fewer low risk patients receiving any type of heparin and more high risk patients receiving low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Conclusions: Although internal medicine physicians are able to identify some risk factors for in-hospital VTE, they consistently underestimate the overall risk, leading to less aggressive preventative measures. Continuing education is essential to combating this preventable inpatient complication. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Holley, AB (reprint author), 5410 Connecticut Ave,Apartment 904, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM aholley9@hotmail.com NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0049-3848 J9 THROMB RES JI Thromb. Res. PY 2006 VL 117 IS 5 BP 563 EP 568 DI 10.1016/j.thromres.2005.04.010 PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 024XZ UT WOS:000236231200013 PM 15899512 ER PT J AU Torimiro, JN Carr, JK Wolfe, ND Karacki, P Martin, MP Gao, X Tamoufe, U Thomas, A Ngole, EM Birx, DL McCutchan, FE Burke, DS Carrington, M AF Torimiro, JN Carr, JK Wolfe, ND Karacki, P Martin, MP Gao, X Tamoufe, U Thomas, A Ngole, EM Birx, DL McCutchan, FE Burke, DS Carrington, M TI HLA class I diversity among rural rainforest inhabitants in Cameroon: identification of A*2612-B*4407 haplotype SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE allele frequency; Cameroon; haplotype frequency; heterozygosity; locus; polymorphic; population ID AFRICAN POPULATIONS; B ALLELES; C ALLELES; POLYMORPHISM; GENES; LOCI; MITOCHONDRIAL; RECOGNITION; DIMORPHISM; MOLECULES AB The population distribution of alleles of the classical HLA class 1 loci in Cameroon has not been well studied but is of particular interest given the AIDS and malarial epidemics afflicting this population. We investigated the genetic diversity of HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C alleles in remote populations of Cameroon. Subjects from seven small, isolated, indigenous populations (N = 274) in the rainforest of southern Cameroon were typed for HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C alleles using a polymerase chain reaction/sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe assay and sequence analysis. Multiple alleles of the HLA-A (N = 28), HLA-B (N = 41) and HLA-C (N = 21) loci were identified, of which A*2301 [allele frequency (AF) = 12.8%], B*5802 (AF = 10.9%) and Cw*0401 (AF = 16.6%) were the most frequent individual alleles and A*02 (AF = 19.0%), B*58 (AF = 15.9%) and Cw*07 (AF = 22.4%) the most common serologically defined groups of alleles. Twenty-six (28.9%) alleles with a frequency of less than 1% (AF < 1%), 39 (43%) with a frequency of 2.0-15.0% (AF = 2.0-15.0%), three globally uncommon alleles [A*2612 (AF = 2.0%), B*4016 (AF = 0.7%) and B*4407 (AF = 1.4%)], and the 4*2612-Cw*0701/06/18-B*4407 haplotype (haplotype frequency = 1.3%) were also identified. Heterozygosity values of 0.89, 0.92 and 0.89 were determined for HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C, respectively. The extensive allelic and haplotypic diversity observed in this population may have resulted from varied natural selective pressures on the population, as well as intermingling of peoples from multiple origins. Thus, from an anthropologic perspective, these data highlight the challenges in T-cell-based vaccine development, the identification of allogeneic transplant donors and the understanding of infectious disease patterns in different populations. C1 Water Reed Johns Hopkins Cameroon Program, Yaounde, Cameroon. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. SAIC Frederick Inc, Basic Res Program, Lab Genom Divers, Natl Canc Inst, Frederick, MD USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. Mil Hlth Res Ctr, Yaounde, Cameroon. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. RP Torimiro, JN (reprint author), Water Reed Johns Hopkins Cameroon Program, BP 7039, Yaounde, Cameroon. EM jtorimro@hopkinscameroon.org OI /0000-0002-5704-8094 FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-12400] NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD JAN PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1 BP 30 EP 37 DI 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00527.x PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 008IY UT WOS:000235035200003 PM 16451198 ER PT B AU Kwon, H Nasrabadi, NM AF Kwon, Heesung Nasrabadi, Nasser M. BE Parmentola, JA Rajendran, AM Bryzik, W Walker, BJ McCaulehy, JW Reifman, J Nasrabadi, NM TI Kernel-based anomaly detection in hyperspectral imagery SO Transformational Science and Technology for the Current and Future Force SE SELECTED TOPICS IN ELECTRONICS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Army Science Conference CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Army Acquist, Logist, & Technol, Assistant Secretary ID ALGORITHMS; PATTERN AB In this paper we present a nonlinear version of the well-known anomaly detection method referred to as the RX-algorithm. Extending this algorithm to a feature space associated with the original input space via a certain nonlinear mapping function can provide a nonlinear version of the RX-algorithm. This nonlinear RX-algorithm, referred to as the kernel RX-algorithm, is basically intractable mainly due to the high dimensionality of the feature space produced by the non-linear mapping function. However, in this paper it is shown that the kernel RX-algorithm can easily be implemented by kernelizing it in terms of kernels which implicitly compute dot products in the feature space. Improved performance of the kernel RX-algorithm over the conventional RX-algorithm is shown by testing several hyperspectral imagery for military target and mine detection. C1 USA, Res Lab, ATTN, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Kwon, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, ATTN, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-201-2 J9 SEL TOP ELECTR SYST PY 2006 VL 42 BP 3 EP + DI 10.1142/9789812772572_0001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFR63 UT WOS:000244038200001 ER PT B AU Edelstein, AS Fischer, G Pulskamp, J Pedersen, M Bernard, W Cheng, SF AF Edelstein, A. S. Fischer, Greg Pulskamp, Jeff Pedersen, Michael Bernard, William Cheng, Shu F. BE Parmentola, JA Rajendran, AM Bryzik, W Walker, BJ McCaulehy, JW Reifman, J Nasrabadi, NM TI Minimizing 1/f noise in magnetic sensors with a MEMS flux concentrator SO Transformational Science and Technology for the Current and Future Force SE SELECTED TOPICS IN ELECTRONICS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Army Science Conference CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Army Acquist, Logist, & Technol, Assistant Secretary ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MAGNETORESISTANCE AB New approaches offer the promise of providing energy efficient, low cost, small, and highly sensitive magnetic sensors. However, the 1/f noise of these new types of sensors is a major obstacle. Many army applications, such as detecting moving targets, require sensitivity as low frequencies. This paper reports development of a device, the MEMS flux concentrator, invented at ARL, that minimizes the effect of 1/f noise in sensors. The device accomplishes this by shifting the operating frequency to higher frequencies where 1/f noise is much lower. This shift is accomplished by modulating the magnetic field before it reaches the sensor. In our device, the magnetic sensor, a GMR sensor, is placed between flux concentrators that have been deposited on MEMS flaps. The motion of the MEMS flaps modulates the field by a factor of 3 at frequencies from 8 to 15 kHz. The MEMS flux concentrator should increase the sensitivity of many magnetic sensors by two to three orders of magnitude. An equally important benefit is that, because it is a modulation technique, it eliminates the problem of dealing with the large DC bias of most magnetoresistive sensors. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Edelstein, AS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-201-2 J9 SEL TOP ELECTR SYST PY 2006 VL 42 BP 24 EP + DI 10.1142/9789812772572_0004 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFR63 UT WOS:000244038200004 ER PT B AU Sausa, RC Cabalo, J AF Sausa, Rosario C. Cabalo, Jerry BE Parmentola, JA Rajendran, AM Bryzik, W Walker, BJ McCaulehy, JW Reifman, J Nasrabadi, NM TI Real-time, laser-based sensors for military and civilian applications SO Transformational Science and Technology for the Current and Future Force SE SELECTED TOPICS IN ELECTRONICS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Army Science Conference CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Army Acquist, Logist, & Technol, Assistant Secretary ID PHOTOFRAGMENTATION-FRAGMENT DETECTION; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; AB-INITIO; RDX; MECHANISM; THERMOLYSIS; PYROLYSIS; PRESSURE AB We report on a novel laser-based technique coined surface laser photofragmentation-fragment detection (SPF-FD) spectroscopy for detecting explosives residues, chemical warfare agents, and other hazardous materials on surfaces in real time at ambient conditions. Our technique utilizes one or two lasers to both photolyze the target species and to facilitate the detection of the characteristic photofragments by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization, laser induced fluorescence, or both. We demonstrate its analytical utility on explosives RDX, HMX, CL20, and TNT, and report the effects of laser photofragmentation wavelength and energy, delay between photofragmentation and probe lasers, and electrode orientation on signal intensity. Signal to noise analyses yield limits of detection in the range of 1 to 15 ng/cm(2) (S/N = 3) at 1 atm and 298K. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Sausa, RC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-201-2 J9 SEL TOP ELECTR SYST PY 2006 VL 42 BP 30 EP + DI 10.1142/9789812772572_0005 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFR63 UT WOS:000244038200005 ER PT B AU Mait, JN AF Mait, Joseph N. BE Parmentola, JA Rajendran, AM Bryzik, W Walker, BJ McCaulehy, JW Reifman, J Nasrabadi, NM TI Balancing technology and risk in the future combat systems SO Transformational Science and Technology for the Current and Future Force SE SELECTED TOPICS IN ELECTRONICS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Army Science Conference CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Army Acquist, Logist, & Technol, Assistant Secretary AB How the Army achieves its transformational goal of rapid deployment depends on its perspective on weight. That is, transformation plans differ if the objective is weight reduction as opposed to weight redistribution. Weight reduction is primarily platform-centric and relies on technological advances in materials and network technology to deliver a single lightweight platform capable of surviving heavy combat. Weight redistribution considers parameters other than platform weight and the ability to distribute information in networks to meet the Army's goals; forces are re-structured into small, modular units, pre-positioned across the globe, and deployed in a time-sequential manner. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL SE EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Mait, JN (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL SE EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-201-2 J9 SEL TOP ELECTR SYST PY 2006 VL 42 BP 63 EP + DI 10.1142/9789812772572_0009 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFR63 UT WOS:000244038200009 ER PT S AU Sandhu, SS Kanapady, R Tamma, KK AF Sandhu, S. S. Kanapady, R. Tamma, K. K. BE Parmentola, JA Rajendran, AM Bryzik, W Walker, BJ McCaulehy, JW Reifman, J Nasrabadi, NM TI Advanced high and low fidelity HPC simulations of FCS concept designs for dynamic systems SO TRANSFORMATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE CURRENT AND FUTURE FORCE SE Selected Topics in Electronics and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Army Science Conference CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Army Acquist, Logist, & Technol, Assistant Secretary AB The Objective Force concept of the future US Army is to fight wars with adversaries, which are fast evolving and have adaptive capabilities. To have advantage over these adversaries, new weapon system designs and development should be modular to operate as "system-of-systems" and should have short development cycles. This requires validated high performance computational models within this modular framework and the need to effectively utilize the High Performance Computing (HPC) resources of many Army initiatives. In this paper we present a new and advanced HPC based rigid and flexible modeling and simulation technology capable of adaptive high/low fidelity modeling that is useful in the initial design concept stage to intermediate stages and to the final design stage in a single seamless simulation environment. Two examples are considered that illustrate the capabilities and scalability of the proposed approach. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Sandhu, SS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 1793-1274 BN 978-981-270-201-2 J9 SEL TOP ELECTR SYST PY 2006 VL 42 BP 81 EP + DI 10.1142/9789812772572_0011 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFR63 UT WOS:000244038200011 ER PT B AU Silton, SI Massey, KC AF Silton, Sidra I. Massey, Kevin C. BE Parmentola, JA Rajendran, AM Bryzik, W Walker, BJ McCaulehy, JW Reifman, J Nasrabadi, NM TI Integrated numerical and experimental investigation of actuator performance for guidance of supersonic projectiles SO Transformational Science and Technology for the Current and Future Force SE SELECTED TOPICS IN ELECTRONICS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Army Science Conference CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Army Acquist, Logist, & Technol, Assistant Secretary AB A recent study showed that the complex 3-D shock/boundary layer interaction of a pin placed next to a fin produces an asymmetric lift force that can be utilized for flight control of a projectile. The current study was completed to validate this new technology. A similar projectile was modeled, using high performance fluid dynamic computations and six degree-of-freedom trajectory simulations, to determine the projectile's flight characteristics prior to being flown in the US Army Research Laboratory's Aerodynamic Experimental Facility. A flight test was designed using this asymmetric lift to produce roll torque. Analysis of the flight data determined that the projectiles with pins developed the expected rolling moments. Computations were completed after the range test on the experimental model for computational validation. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Silton, SI (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-201-2 J9 SEL TOP ELECTR SYST PY 2006 VL 42 BP 103 EP + DI 10.1142/9789812772572_0014 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFR63 UT WOS:000244038200014 ER PT B AU Rice, BM Sorescu, DC Kabadi, V Agrawal, PM Thompson, DL AF Rice, Betsy M. Sorescu, Dan C. Kabadi, Vinayak Agrawal, Paras M. Thompson, Donald L. BE Parmentola, JA Rajendran, AM Bryzik, W Walker, BJ McCaulehy, JW Reifman, J Nasrabadi, NM TI Molecular simulations of dynamic processes of solid explosives SO Transformational Science and Technology for the Current and Future Force SE SELECTED TOPICS IN ELECTRONICS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Army Science Conference CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Army Acquist, Logist, & Technol, Assistant Secretary ID VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY REDISTRIBUTION; LIQUID NITROMETHANE; NITRAMINE CRYSTALS; POLYATOMIC LIQUIDS; RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; PURE THEORY; PACKING; RDX; TRANSFERABILITY; HMX AB A variety of molecular dynamics simulations of energetic materials is presented, demonstrating the ability to predict structural and thermodynamic properties of these materials. The studies are also used to explore, at an atomic level, dynamic processes that might influence conversion of the material to products. These studies are are presented to illustrate how information generated through molecular dynamics simulations can be used in the design, development and testing of energetic materials. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Rice, BM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-201-2 J9 SEL TOP ELECTR SYST PY 2006 VL 42 BP 137 EP + DI 10.1142/9789812772572_0018 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFR63 UT WOS:000244038200018 ER PT B AU Nusca, MJ Michaels, RS AF Nusca, Michael J. Michaels, R. Scott BE Parmentola, JA Rajendran, AM Bryzik, W Walker, BJ McCaulehy, JW Reifman, J Nasrabadi, NM TI Development of advanced rocket engine technology for precision guided missiles SO Transformational Science and Technology for the Current and Future Force SE SELECTED TOPICS IN ELECTRONICS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Army Science Conference CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Army Acquist, Logist, & Technol, Assistant Secretary ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; FLOW AB The Army is developing hypergolic, liquid and gelled bipropellants for a small, selectable-thrust, liquid rocket engine (LRE) that can power tactical missiles for both current and future combat systems. The use of gel propellants brings the advantages of selectable thrust and the promise of small engine size but also introduces new challenges in combustion control. One of these challenges is the efficient mixing of gelled oxidizer and fuel to obtain maximum performance from the LRE combustor without increasing the size of the engine. The Army's impinging stream vortex engine, ISVE, offers an efficient alternative to increasing the combustion chamber volume of a LRE and has already generated excellent performance test data. Since the ISVE is a new concept, analytical models that relate engine performance to engine design parameters are just beginning to emerge. In order to fully exploit the performance that have been realized for the ISVE, it is desirable to understand the underlying flow physics of the engine. This paper describes the Army's effort to use multidimensional, multiphase computational fluid dynamics, combined with high-performance computers to generate simulations of the ISVE that reveal combustion patterns as well as predict chamber pressure and thrust levels for the engine. The goal is to utilize this computational tool to optimize the ISVE performance for a host of strategic Army missions. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Nusca, MJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-201-2 J9 SEL TOP ELECTR SYST PY 2006 VL 42 BP 145 EP + DI 10.1142/9789812772572_0019 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFR63 UT WOS:000244038200019 ER PT B AU von der Lippe, CM Liu, JJ Aliberti, K Dang, G Chang, W Shen, P Simonis, G AF von der Lippe, Christian M. Liu, J. Jiang Aliberti, Keith Dang, Gerard Chang, Wayne Shen, Paul Simonis, George BE Parmentola, JA Rajendran, AM Bryzik, W Walker, BJ McCaulehy, JW Reifman, J Nasrabadi, NM TI Advanced optical fuzing technology SO Transformational Science and Technology for the Current and Future Force SE SELECTED TOPICS IN ELECTRONICS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Army Science Conference CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Army Acquist, Logist, & Technol, Assistant Secretary DE VCSEL; MSM photodetector; optical fuze; ranging; mixing; optoelectronic processing AB We are developing a robust, compact, and affordable photonic proximity sensor for munition fuze applications. Successful implementation of this sensor will provide a new capability for direct fire applications. The photonic component development exploits pioneering work and unique expertise at ARDEC, ARL, and Sandia National Laboratories by combining key optoelectronic technologies to design and demonstrate components for this fuzing application [Ruff, et al. 1994; Stann, et al. 1996; Simonis, et al. 2000; Liu, et al. 2000]. The technologies employed in the optical fuze design are vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), the pin or metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors, and miniature lenses optics. This work will culminate in a robust, fully integrated, g-hardened component design suitable for proximity fuzing applications. This compact sensor will replace costly assemblies that are based on discrete lasers, photodetectors, and bulk optics. It will be mass manufacturable and impart huge savings for such applications. The specific application under investigation is for gun-fired munitions. Nevertheless, numerous civilian uses exist for this proximity sensor in automotive, robotics and aerospace applications. This technology is also applicable to robotic ladar and short-range 3-D imaging. C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, AMSRD AAR AEP FA, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP von der Lippe, CM (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, AMSRD AAR AEP FA, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-201-2 J9 SEL TOP ELECTR SYST PY 2006 VL 42 BP 153 EP 158 DI 10.1142/9789812772572_0020 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFR63 UT WOS:000244038200020 ER PT B AU Wilbur, ML Wilkie, WK AF Wilbur, Matthew L. Wilkie, W. Keats BE Parmentola, JA Rajendran, AM Bryzik, W Walker, BJ McCaulehy, JW Reifman, J Nasrabadi, NM TI Active-twist rotor control applications for UAVs SO Transformational Science and Technology for the Current and Future Force SE SELECTED TOPICS IN ELECTRONICS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Army Science Conference CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Army Acquist, Logist, & Technol, Assistant Secretary AB The current state-of-the-art in active-twist rotor control is discussed using representative examples from analytical and experimental studies, and the application to rotary-wing UAVs is considered. Topics include vibration and noise reduction, rotor performance improvement, active blade tracking, stability augmentation; and rotor blade de-icing. A review of the current status of piezoelectric fiber composite actuator technology, the class of piezoelectric actuators implemented in active-twist rotor systems, is included. C1 USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Wilbur, ML (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-201-2 J9 SEL TOP ELECTR SYST PY 2006 VL 42 BP 185 EP + DI 10.1142/9789812772572_0024 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFR63 UT WOS:000244038200024 ER PT B AU Karlsen, RE Overholt, JL Witus, G AF Karlsen, Robert E. Overholt, James L. Witus, Gary BE Parmentola, JA Rajendran, AM Bryzik, W Walker, BJ McCaulehy, JW Reifman, J Nasrabadi, NM TI Run-time assessment of vehicle-terrain interactions SO Transformational Science and Technology for the Current and Future Force SE SELECTED TOPICS IN ELECTRONICS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Army Science Conference CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Army Acquist, Logist, & Technol, Assistant Secretary AB Military and security operations often require that participants move as quickly as possible, while avoiding harm. Humans judge how fast they can drive, how sharply they can turn and how hard they can brake, based on a subjective assessment of vehicle handling, which results from responsiveness to driving commands, ride quality, and prior experience in similar conditions. Vehicle handling is a product of the vehicle dynamics and the vehicle-terrain interaction. Near real-time methods are needed for unmanned ground vehicles to assess their handling limits on the current terrain in order to plan and execute extreme maneuvers. This paper describes preliminary research to develop on-the-fly procedures to capture vehicle-terrain interaction data and simple models of vehicle response to driving commands, given the vehicle-terrain interaction data. C1 USA, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Karlsen, RE (reprint author), USA, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-201-2 J9 SEL TOP ELECTR SYST PY 2006 VL 42 BP 193 EP + DI 10.1142/9789812772572_0025 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFR63 UT WOS:000244038200025 ER PT B AU O'Neil, EF Cummins, TK Durst, BP Kinnebrew, PG Boone, RN Torres, RX AF O'Neil, E. F., III Cummins, T. K. Durst, B. P. Kinnebrew, P. G. Boone, R. N. Torres, R. X. BE Parmentola, JA Rajendran, AM Bryzik, W Walker, BJ McCaulehy, JW Reifman, J Nasrabadi, NM TI Development of very-high-strength and high-performance concrete materials for improvement of barriers against blast and projectile penetration SO Transformational Science and Technology for the Current and Future Force SE SELECTED TOPICS IN ELECTRONICS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Army Science Conference CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Army Acquist, Logist, & Technol, Assistant Secretary AB The U.S. Department of Defense is constantly pursuing new technologies to improve the capabilities of protective structures in defeating current and emerging threats thus providing a safer environment in which its soldiers must work and fight. Exploiting innovative uses of cement-based materials, the U. S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) is developing several high-performance concretes to mitigate the effects of blast and ballistic threats from conventional and asymmetric weapons. This paper presents the theory, development, and preliminary laboratory and field experimental results of two distinctly different classes of high-performance concretes. The first material presented in this paper is a very-high-strength concrete engineered for low-cost structural armoring applications. Innovative application of particle selection and distribution, advanced fiber selection in multiple magnitudes of scale, and modified curing techniques are being developed to increase the strength and toughness of this high-performance composite beyond current state-of-the-art performance. At the other end of the performance envelope, this paper discusses the development of a material with an innovative combination of mechanical properties that are engineered for mitigation of debris hazards generated by high intensity blast loadings. This material shows great promise for construction applications for barricades and non-load-bearing walls where improvised explosive devices could be employed to inflict human casualties. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP O'Neil, EF (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-201-2 J9 SEL TOP ELECTR SYST PY 2006 VL 42 BP 203 EP + DI 10.1142/9789812772572_0026 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFR63 UT WOS:000244038200026 ER PT B AU Roth, MJ Stinson, RD Bevins, TL AF Roth, Michael J. Stinson, Ryan D. Bevins, Tommy L. BE Parmentola, JA Rajendran, AM Bryzik, W Walker, BJ McCaulehy, JW Reifman, J Nasrabadi, NM TI Modeling and mitigation of blast effects within protective structures SO Transformational Science and Technology for the Current and Future Force SE SELECTED TOPICS IN ELECTRONICS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Army Science Conference CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Army Acquist, Logist, & Technol, Assistant Secretary AB Computational methods are currently available to perform vulnerability assessments of conventional structures and fixed facilities that are exposed to the effects of large-yield blast events. However, the same capabilities do not exist for expeditionary structures and field fortifications, which are integral parts of current US military base camps. Therefore, the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE), Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), has begun a research and development initiative directed towards developing this type of vulnerability assessment capability for field fortifications. As a part of the experimental program, attention will also be focused on identification of field expedient methods to modify these structures for the purpose of further protection from blast effects. Initial efforts, begun in FY 2004, are focused on methodology development and gathering of a representative experimental data set that would be required to support computational assessments. The experimental processes used to gather data are tri-fold, and include high-performance computing simulations, scaled modeling and full scale validations. The results of initial activities in each of these areas are presented herein. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Roth, MJ (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-201-2 J9 SEL TOP ELECTR SYST PY 2006 VL 42 BP 211 EP + DI 10.1142/9789812772572_0027 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFR63 UT WOS:000244038200027 ER PT B AU Raftenberg, MN AF Raftenberg, Martin N. BE Parmentola, JA Rajendran, AM Bryzik, W Walker, BJ McCaulehy, JW Reifman, J Nasrabadi, NM TI Modeling thoracic blunt trauma; Towards a finite-element-based design methodology for body armor SO Transformational Science and Technology for the Current and Future Force SE SELECTED TOPICS IN ELECTRONICS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Army Science Conference CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Army Acquist, Logist, & Technol, Assistant Secretary AB ARL is pursuing the goal of developing a finite-element-based design methodology for thoracic body armor. We describe progress in modeling two essential ingredients, a Kevlar vest and the human thorax. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Raftenberg, MN (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-201-2 J9 SEL TOP ELECTR SYST PY 2006 VL 42 BP 219 EP + DI 10.1142/9789812772572_0028 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFR63 UT WOS:000244038200028 ER PT B AU Hulet, SW Jakubowski, EM Dabisch, PA Foster, JS Miller, DB Benton, BJ Muse, WT Way, RA Edwards, JL McGuire, JM Scotto, JA Burnett, DC Gaviola, BI Jarvis, JR Evans, RA Matson, KL Crouse, CL Manthei, JH Reutter, SA Mioduszewski, RJ Thomson, SA AF Hulet, S. W. Jakubowski, E. M. Dabisch, P. A. Foster, J. S. Miller, D. B. Benton, B. J. Muse, W. T. Way, R. A. Edwards, J. L. McGuire, J. M. Scotto, J. A. Burnett, D. C. Gaviola, B. I. Jarvis, J. R. Evans, R. A. Matson, K. L. Crouse, C. L. Manthei, J. H. Reutter, S. A. Mioduszewski, R. J. Thomson, S. A. BE Parmentola, JA Rajendran, AM Bryzik, W Walker, BJ McCaulehy, JW Reifman, J Nasrabadi, NM TI Toxic effects of a whole-body inhalation sarin (GB) vapor exposure in the Gottingen minipig SO Transformational Science and Technology for the Current and Future Force SE SELECTED TOPICS IN ELECTRONICS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Army Science Conference CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Army Acquist, Logist, & Technol, Assistant Secretary ID ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM AB The study described here examines the kinetics of GB vapor exposure dosage as it relates to systemic concentrations of agent (internal dose) and the pharmacodynamics/time course of effects (from first evidence of agent in the systemic circulation, to onset of signs, to progression from mild to moderate to severe signs, to death) and compartmental distribution. The current study utilizes technological advances that allow the collection of electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG), pupil constriction and blood chemistry data in real-time during a whole body inhalation exposure to vapor GB. C1 USA, ECBC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Hulet, SW (reprint author), USA, ECBC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-201-2 J9 SEL TOP ELECTR SYST PY 2006 VL 42 BP 235 EP + DI 10.1142/9789812772572_0030 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFR63 UT WOS:000244038200030 ER PT B AU Brennan, JK Rice, BM AF Brennan, John K. Rice, Betsy M. BE Parmentola, JA Rajendran, AM Bryzik, W Walker, BJ McCaulehy, JW Reifman, J Nasrabadi, NM TI Novel simulations of energetic materials: Circumventing limitations in existing methodologies SO Transformational Science and Technology for the Current and Future Force SE SELECTED TOPICS IN ELECTRONICS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Army Science Conference CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Army Acquist, Logist, & Technol, Assistant Secretary ID CANONICAL MONTE-CARLO; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PHASE COEXISTENCE; DETONATION; FLUID; STATE; MIXTURES; EQUATION; INTEGRATION; NITROGEN AB We present a methodology for the efficient calculation of the shock Hugoniot using standard molecular simulation techniques. The method is an extension of an equation of state methodology proposed by Erpenbeck [J. J. Erpenbeck, Phys. Rev. A 46, 6406 (1992)] and is considered as an alternative to other methods that generate Hugoniot properties. We illustrate the methodology for shocked liquid NZ using two different simulation methods: (a) the Reaction Ensemble Monte Carlo method for a reactive system; and (b) the molecular dynamics method for a non-reactive system. The method is shown to be accurate, stable and generally independent of the algorithm parameters. We find excellent agreement with results calculated by other previous simulation studies. The results show that the methodology provides a simulation tool capable of determining points on the shock Hugoniot from a single simulation in an efficient, straightforward manner. C1 USA, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Brennan, JK (reprint author), USA, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-201-2 J9 SEL TOP ELECTR SYST PY 2006 VL 42 BP 243 EP + DI 10.1142/9789812772572_0031 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFR63 UT WOS:000244038200031 ER PT B AU Ngo, E Nothwang, WD Cole, MW Hubbard, C Hirsch, G Mohanchandra, KP Carman, GP AF Ngo, E. Nothwang, W. D. Cole, M. W. Hubbard, C. Hirsch, G. Mohanchandra, K. P. Carman, G. P. BE Parmentola, JA Rajendran, AM Bryzik, W Walker, BJ McCaulehy, JW Reifman, J Nasrabadi, NM TI Fabrication of active thin films for vibration damping in MEMS devices for the next generation army munition systems SO Transformational Science and Technology for the Current and Future Force SE SELECTED TOPICS IN ELECTRONICS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Army Science Conference CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Army Acquist, Logist, & Technol, Assistant Secretary ID TEMPERATURE; DEPOSITION AB This research combined continuum mechanics modeling, materials design, materials fabrication/processing, and experimental testing/characterization to promote a materials solution for passive damping of undesirable extrinsic vibrations in microelectromechanical-systems-based devices. Shape memory alloy, nickel titanium (NiTi) thin films were deposited by an in-situ reactive DC magnetron sputtering process and piezoelectric, barium strontium titanate (Ba0.80Sr0.20TiO3) were fabricated using pulsed laser deposition and metal organic solution deposition techniques. These films were integrated as a bi-layer structure on n+ platinum silicon substrates to form a vibration-damping pedestal module known as "active materials". The optimized post deposition annealing temperatures for the shape memory alloy, and piezoelectric thin films were determined to be 500 and 750 degrees C, respectively. Crystalline, pinhole-free, and crack-free films of 250-400 nm thickness were fabricated. The surface roughness of the films was around 2.2 nm with average grain size of approximately 50 nm. Cross-sectional microscopy affirmed the dense and uniform microstructure. The bilayer pedestal design concept offers a solution for passive damping. C1 USA, Res Lab, WMRD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Ngo, E (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, WMRD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-201-2 J9 SEL TOP ELECTR SYST PY 2006 VL 42 BP 251 EP + DI 10.1142/9789812772572_0032 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFR63 UT WOS:000244038200032 ER EF