FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Manganaro, AM AF Manganaro, AM TI Review of transmucosal drug delivery SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID ORAL EPITHELIUM; STRATUM-CORNEUM; PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE; PERMEABILITY; EPIDERMIS; BARRIER; INVITRO; MUCOSA; PENETRATION RP Manganaro, AM (reprint author), BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,HOSP DENT CLIN,3851 ROGER BROOKE DR,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234, USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 162 IS 1 BP 27 EP 30 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WB973 UT WOS:A1997WB97300010 PM 9002699 ER PT J AU Hall, DP Cipriano, ED Bicknell, G AF Hall, DP Cipriano, ED Bicknell, G TI Preventive mental health interventions in peacekeeping missions to Somalia and Haiti SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMBAT AB Mental health interventions of the 528th Combat Stress Control unit to limit the numbers of psychiatric casualties on recent peacekeeping missions are discussed, Similarities and differences in the mental health support of Operation Restore Hope (Somalia) and Operation Uphold Democracy [Haiti) are reviewed, The mission to Somalia was marked by unexpected combat casualties. The mission to Haiti was marked by unexpected self-inflicted casualties. Lessons learned by mental health officers serving on these missions are discussed. Recommendations for prevention of psychiatric casualties on future missions are presented. RP Hall, DP (reprint author), 528TH MED DETACHMENT,FT BRAGG,NC 28307, USA. NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 162 IS 1 BP 41 EP 43 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WB973 UT WOS:A1997WB97300013 PM 9002702 ER PT J AU Carter, AM AF Carter, AM TI Case management in psychiatric inpatient recapture SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Behavioral Science Short Course CY AUG 24, 1995 CL MIAMI, FL ID IMPROVES; CARE AB A 2-year reduction of $5.25 million in inpatient costs, representing a decrease of 74%, resulted from implementation of a Psychiatric Management Initiative at Munson Army Community Hospital, Case management was a major component. Management in the military Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS) system has major differences from the civilian sector, The military case manager functions as a ''guest'' in the civilian psychiatric hospitals with no authority to direct care, The practice involves trend analysis, team work, innovative treatment alternatives, and active discharge planning with follow-up, This program was successful in the recapture of CHAMPUS costs despite constraints by CHAMPUS regulations, Costs went from $3,555,285 in fiscal year 1993 down to $600,743 in fiscal year 1995. RP Carter, AM (reprint author), USAMEDDAC,CMHD,550 POPE AVE,FT LEAVENWORTH,KS 66027, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 162 IS 1 BP 44 EP 50 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WB973 UT WOS:A1997WB97300014 PM 9002703 ER PT J AU Malinowski, TR Wellford, AL Khan, N Rubal, BJ AF Malinowski, TR Wellford, AL Khan, N Rubal, BJ TI Serum creatine kinase kinetics after endomyocardial biopsy in cardiac transplant patients SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Army-Medical-Corps / American-College-of-Physicians Meeting CY 1995 CL RESTON, VA SP Army Med Corps, Amer Coll Physicians ID SENSORY REINNERVATION; HUMAN HEART AB The objective of this study was to define the changes in serum creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme (CKMB) activities following endomyocardial biopsy. Ten cardiac transplant recipients underwent routine surveillance endomyocardial biopsy via the right internal jugular vein with single-use disposable bioptomes. Serum CK and CK-MB levels were measured at baseline and post-biopsy at 15, 30, and 45 minutes, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 hours. There was no significant increase in serum total CK after biopsy. No measurable change in CK-MB was observed in 40% of patients. CK-MB increased significantly in the remaining patients (N = 6) at 30 minutes (p < 0.05), and continued to rise to a peak at 4 hours post-biopsy, after which CK-MB gradually decreased to baseline. However, the increase in CK-MB did not meet criteria for the diagnosis of myocardial necrosis, hence should not be confused with the change in CK-MB occurring with myocardial infarction. These findings suggest that serum CK-MB activity is useful in the differential diagnosis of chest pain in cardiac transplant patients in the setting of recent biopsy. C1 BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,SERV CARDIOL,DEPT MED,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 162 IS 1 BP 51 EP 54 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WB973 UT WOS:A1997WB97300015 PM 9002704 ER PT J AU Zuehlke, RK Kerns, DG Greenwell, H Kerns, LL AF Zuehlke, RK Kerns, DG Greenwell, H Kerns, LL TI Periodontal indices of patients taking isoniazid and rifampin: A pilot study SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZED JUVENILE PERIODONTITIS; REFRACTORY PERIODONTITIS; THERAPY; TETRACYCLINE; CLINDAMYCIN; SUPPRESSION; MICROFLORA; DISEASE AB A significant reduction in the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has resulted from the use of medications such as isoniazid (MH) and rifampin. Unfortunately, there has been a resurgence of TB since the mid 1980s, The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of INH and rifampin on periodontal indices of patients with positive tuberculin skin tests (PPD), The gingival index, plaque index, and periodontal scoring and recording were recorded in PPD-positive patients at baseline and 1 month, Control patients received no medications during the study and were evaluated at baseline and 1 month, Mean values for each patient were obtained and analyzed using unpaired t tests (N = 8), Statistically, within the limits of this study, it was found that patients taking INH and/or rifampin had a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in gingival inflammation from baseline. RP Zuehlke, RK (reprint author), USA,DENT ACTIV,FT KNOX,KY 40121, USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 162 IS 1 BP 59 EP 61 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WB973 UT WOS:A1997WB97300017 PM 9002706 ER PT J AU Knapik, JJ Ang, P Meiselman, H Johnson, W Kirk, J Bensel, C Hanlon, W AF Knapik, JJ Ang, P Meiselman, H Johnson, W Kirk, J Bensel, C Hanlon, W TI Soldier performance and strenuous road marching: Influence of load mass and load distribution SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the Military-Operations-Research-Society CY JUN 06, 1995 CL US NAVAL ACAD, ANNAPOLIS, MD SP Military Operat res Soc HO US NAVAL ACAD ID EXERCISE; WALKING; MOOD AB Fifteen male soldiers performed six maximal effort, 20-km road marches, They carried load masses of 34, 48, and 61 kg, using a standard military backpack with frame or an experimental doublepack, March times decreased as mass increased and were faster with the standard pack than with the doublepack, The doublepack resulted in less low back discomfort and a lower incidence of blisters at the highest load, but also resulted in more discomfort in the neck and hips, Neither load mass nor pack type affected soldiers' marksmanship ability, grenade throw accuracy, or cognitive ability, The maximal-effort march itself affected the marksmanship task by increasing the post-march vertical shot group dispersion, The concept of distributing the load mass more evenly around the center of mass of the body has both positive and negative aspects and warrants further investigation. RP Knapik, JJ (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,HUMAN RES & ENGN DIRECTORATE,SOLDIER PERFORMANCE DIV,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 20 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 162 IS 1 BP 62 EP 67 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WB973 UT WOS:A1997WB97300018 PM 9002707 ER PT J AU Hamit, HF AF Hamit, HF TI Nurse's credit should not be at doctor's expense SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP Hamit, HF (reprint author), USA,WASHINGTON,DC 20310, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 162 IS 1 BP R7 EP R7 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WB973 UT WOS:A1997WB97300002 ER PT J AU Sager, CE Peterson, NG Oppler, SH Rosse, RL Walker, CB AF Sager, CE Peterson, NG Oppler, SH Rosse, RL Walker, CB TI An examination of five indexes of test battery performance: Analysis of the ECAT battery SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELECTION; PREDICTOR; PROJECT AB This investigation evaluated potential revisions to the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB). The data analyzed were collected from trainees in 17 U.S. Air Force, Army, and Navy jobs as part of the Joint-Services Enhanced Computer-Administered Test (ECAT) battery validation study. Predictors included the trainees' preenlistment scores for the 10 tests in the current ASVAB, plus the 9 experimental ECAT battery tests. The criteria were measures of training performance. All possible combinations of tests that (a) included the Word Knowledge and Arithmetic Reasoning tests of the ASVAB and (b) could be administered in a 134- to 164-min interval were evaluated with respect to 5 indexes of test battery performance: criterion-related validity, classification efficiency, and 3 types of subgroup differences (White vs. Black, White vs. Hispanic, and male vs. female). The 5 indexes were calculated for each of the 16,437 possible combinations of tests. The standard deviations of the indexes across the combinations of tests showed that (a) values on the validity index varied little, (b) values on the classification efficiency and White versus Black and White versus Hispanic subgroup differences indexes varied moderately, and (c) values on the male versus female difference index varied substantially. The validity index of the combinations showed a moderate correlation with the classification efficiency index and a nearly zero correlation with subgroup differences. However, the classification efficiency index showed a small-to-moderate positive correlation with the subgroup difference indexes. The subgroup difference indexes showed moderate-to-high positive correlations with one another. Examinations of the top 20 combinations of tests identified by each index demonstrated that tests that optimize one type of index usually do not optimize each of the other indexes. In particular, trade-offs were observed between (a) the maximization of validity (and classification efficiency) versus the minimization of all 3 types of subgroup differences and (b) the minimization of differences between Whites and Blacks (or between Whites and Hispanics) versus the minimization of differences between men and women. These results suggest that no combination of the tests considered in this investigation simultaneously optimizes all 5 test battery performance indexes. C1 USA,RES INST BEHAV & SOCIAL SCI,ALEXANDRIA,VA. RP Sager, CE (reprint author), AMER INST RES,3333 K ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20007, USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 1 BP 97 EP 120 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp0901_6 PG 24 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA WE074 UT WOS:A1997WE07400007 ER PT J AU Boldovici, JA Kolasinski, EM AF Boldovici, JA Kolasinski, EM TI How to make decisions about the effectiveness of device-based training: Elaborations on what everybody knows SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NULL HYPOTHESIS AB Statisticians, biomedical researchers, and behavioral scientists have publicized errors in examinations of the differential effects of 2 or more treatments. Publicity about those errors seems to have been ignored by many applied behavioral researchers, including some responsible for evaluations of device-based training in the U.S. Army. Ignoring the causes and effects of the common evaluation errors, and especially errors associated with hypotheses of equal effectiveness of conventional training and device-based training, leads to logical contradictions, threats to readiness, and a lack of scientifically legitimate ways to examine the effects of OPTEMPO (operating tempo) alterations. Those problems may be avoided by applying a few basics of statistical analysis and inference to the design and interpretation of evaluations of device-based training. The basics include hypothesis tests, power analyses, and confidence intervals; they are elaborated in this article with examples of how to apply each in designing and interpreting evaluations of the Army's forthcoming Close Combat Tactical Trainer. RP Boldovici, JA (reprint author), USA,RES INST,12350 RES PKWY,ORLANDO,FL 32862, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 2 BP 121 EP 135 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp0902_1 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA WR467 UT WOS:A1997WR46700001 ER PT J AU Kelly, TL Ryman, DH Schlangen, K Gomez, SA Elsmore, TF AF Kelly, TL Ryman, DH Schlangen, K Gomez, SA Elsmore, TF TI The effects of a single dose of pemoline on performance and mood during sleep deprivation SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEXTROAMPHETAMINE AB Stimulants may be used to improve performance during sleep deprivation. A previous study found that multiple doses of pemoline (37.5 mg every 12 hr) during 64 hr of sleep deprivation improved speed of cognitive performance with variable effects on accuracy. In this study, a single dose of 37.5 mg of pemoline was administered once during the 2nd of 2 nights of sleep deprivation. With this administration schedule, participants showed improved performance, predominantly on accuracy (percentage correct) measures. Effects on speed were minimal. The three tasks which were primarily tests of reaction time showed no stimulant effects. Pemoline had no negative effects on performance, in contrast to the findings of the multiple-dose study. Administration at the time of maximum need (previous sleep deprivation added to the effects of the circadian low period for performance and alertness) may explain the change in effects. C1 US PACIFIC FLEET,SAN DIEGO,CA. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP Kelly, TL (reprint author), USN,HLTH RES CTR,POB 85122,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 BP 213 EP 225 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp0903_3 PG 13 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA XF523 UT WOS:A1997XF52300003 ER PT J AU Krueger, GP Banderet, LE AF Krueger, GP Banderet, LE TI Special issue: Effects of chemical protective clothing on military performance - Preface to the special issue SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP Krueger, GP (reprint author), USA,ENVIRONM MED RES INST,MIL PERFORMANCE DIV,NATICK,MA 01760, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 4 BP 251 EP 253 PG 3 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA YF559 UT WOS:A1997YF55900001 ER PT J AU Krueger, GP Banderet, LE AF Krueger, GP Banderet, LE TI Effects of chemical protective clothing on military performance: A review of the issues SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID AIR-COOLED VEST; HEAT STRAIN; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; DEFENSE; WORK; MASK; PREDICTION; TOLERANCE; EXERCISE AB This review in this special issue of Military Psychology on the effects of chemical protective clothing (CPC) on military performance provides a historical perspective on continued anxieties over likely use of battlefield chemical-biological weapons and summarizes significant concerns of military personnel wearing CPC in training and combat. This review describes psychophysiological stresses such protective ensembles have on personnel and how these affect military performance, and it summarizes major military psychological research programs on the effects of wearing CPC. This article reviews what is known about wearing CPC, describes future CPC developments, and identifies domains for improved military training with CPC. C1 USA,ENVIRONM MED RES INST,MIL PERFORMANCE DIV,NATICK,MA 01760. STAR MT INC,ALEXANDRIA,VA. NR 101 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 4 BP 255 EP 286 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp0904_1 PG 32 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA YF559 UT WOS:A1997YF55900002 ER PT J AU Bensel, CK AF Bensel, CK TI Soldier performance and functionality: Impact of chemical protective clothing SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEARING INDUSTRIAL RESPIRATORS; STRESS AB This article describes the components of the chemical protective uniform used by U.S. Army infantry and other ground troops and presents research on the effects of the clothing on soldier performance. The clothing has been found to impose not only a thermal burden but also a mechanical burden. Respirators restrict the visual field and affect speech intelligibility. Body movements are limited by the clothing; manual dexterity capabilities and psychomotor performance can also be negatively impacted. In addition, wearing the clothing may induce psychological stress. Symptoms include breathing distress, tremors, and claustrophobia. Efforts described here are underway to address performance issues during development of new protective uniforms. Research needed to address psychological issues is also suggested. RP Bensel, CK (reprint author), USA,NATICK RES DEV & ENGN CTR,SCI & TECHNOL DIRECTORATE,SOLIDER SYST COMMAND,NATICK,MA 01760, USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 4 BP 287 EP 300 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp0904_2 PG 14 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA YF559 UT WOS:A1997YF55900003 ER PT J AU Johnson, RF Kobrick, JL AF Johnson, RF Kobrick, JL TI Effects of wearing chemical protective clothing on rifle marksmanship and on sensory and psychomotor tasks SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; HEAT AB This article reviews and evaluates the findings of several studies on the effects of wearing chemical protective clothing (CPC) on rifle marksmanship and on selected sensory and psychomotor tasks. Task performance in the Battle Dress Uniform under thermoneutral conditions was used as a standard for comparison based on percent change to evaluate the separate and combined effects of wearing CPC, exposure to ambient heat, and test duration. The findings indicated that wearing CPC resulted in an early overall impairment of task performance but that the magnitudes of impairment did not increase progressively over time (up to 6 hr) beyond the initial impairment levels. Although wearing CPC under hot conditions caused heat stress and, thus, limited test time to less than 2 hr, it did not degrade sensory or psychomotor performance beyond that observed under thermoneutral conditions for the same time period. Wearing CPC during heat exposure did, however, degrade rifle firing accuracy during the Ist 2 hr. Tasks involved in simulated sentry duty showed that wearing CPC intensified vigilance decrements and degraded rifle marksmanship. RP Johnson, RF (reprint author), USA,ENVIRONM MED RES INST,MIL PERFORMANCE DIV,NATICK,MA 01760, USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 4 BP 301 EP 314 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp0904_3 PG 14 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA YF559 UT WOS:A1997YF55900004 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JL Caldwell, JA Salter, CA AF Caldwell, JL Caldwell, JA Salter, CA TI Effects of chemical protective clothing and heat stress on army helicopter pilot performance SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory investigated performance of helicopter pilots flying in both temperate and hot weather, with and without various types of chemical protective clothing (CPC) and pilot cooling systems. These studies were conducted in the field and in laboratory environments and evaluated aviator performance under conditions that increase thermal loading to explore heat stress in aviation operations. The investigations defined expected flying limits and examined flight performance under these conditions. The results of early studies prompted evaluations of personal cooling devices and their functional utility for aviators. These investigations provided critical information to the operational community about the effects of CPC and heat stress on aviators operating in varied environments, especially hot desert or tropical climates. C1 USA,AEROMED RES LAB,SGRD,UAB,CB,FT RUCKER,AL 36362. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 4 BP 315 EP 328 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp0904_4 PG 14 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA YF559 UT WOS:A1997YF55900005 ER PT J AU Headley, DB Hudgens, GA Cunningham, D AF Headley, DB Hudgens, GA Cunningham, D TI The impact of chemical protective clothing on military operational performance SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Wearing chemical protective clothing (CPC) while conducting military operations limits a soldier's dexterity, mobility, command and control, communications, and endurance. A series of field studies was conducted to identify mission degradations from the protective clothing on the chemically contaminated battlefield. The studies differed in complexity but had a common goal of comparing task performance and endurance of soldiers wearing the full protective ensemble versus wearing the standard military field uniform. This article summarizes 3 U.S. Army programs. One of them is called the Physiological and Psychological Effects of the NBC Environment and Sustained Operations on Systems in Combat. A review of 19 studies concerning combat, combat support, and combat service support systems shows that most military tasks can be performed satisfactorily while CPC is worn, but usually, extra time is required to perform such tasks. Higher ambient temperatures and high workloads are especially detrimental to endurance. Realistic training in the ensemble is deemed essential for sustaining performance on the chemically contaminated battlefield. C1 USA,SCH CHEM,FT MCCLELLAN,AL. RP Headley, DB (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,HUMAN RES & ENGN DIRECTORATE,ATTN,AMSRL,HR,MB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 4 BP 359 EP 374 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp0904_6 PG 16 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA YF559 UT WOS:A1997YF55900007 ER PT J AU Stokes, JW Banderet, LE AF Stokes, JW Banderet, LE TI Psychological aspects of chemical defense and warfare SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR; PERFORMANCE AB Concerns about chemical, biological, or radiation (CBR) weapons and their potential for warfare can be very stressful. Such concerns subject people to unfamiliar threats in highly ambiguous situations, in which people feel they may be wronged or they are helpless. Maladaptive psychological overreactions or underreactions may result. Such reactions to chemical warfare are illustrated with experiences from World War I, the 1991 Persian Gulf War, and a 1995 terrorist attack in the Tokyo subway. General principles of psychology suggest strategies and tactics for training and materiel developments that should enhance military performance and reduce maladaptive stress in CBR threat situations. Some of these practices may be relevant to nonmilitary law enforcement and relief agencies that manage CBR threats. C1 USA,MED DEPT CTR & SCH,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX. USA,ENVIRONM MED RES INST,NATICK,MA 01760. NR 71 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 4 BP 395 EP 415 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp0904_8 PG 21 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA YF559 UT WOS:A1997YF55900009 ER PT B AU Leek, MR AF Leek, MR BE Jesteadt, W TI Additivity of masking as a measure of nonlinearity - Introduction SO MODELING SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling Sensorineural Hearing Loss CY JUN 10-11, 1995 CL BOYS TOWN, NE SP NIDOCD, Ctr Hearing Loss Children RP Leek, MR (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 BN 0-8058-2230-5 PY 1997 BP 248 EP 251 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Otorhinolaryngology SC Engineering; Otorhinolaryngology GA BJ28N UT WOS:A1997BJ28N00020 ER PT B AU Leek, MR Summers, V AF Leek, MR Summers, V BE Jesteadt, W TI Timbre discrimination by hearing-impaired listeners SO MODELING SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling Sensorineural Hearing Loss CY JUN 10-11, 1995 CL BOYS TOWN, NE SP NIDOCD, Ctr Hearing Loss Children AB Listeners with sensorineural hearing impairment nearly always suffer distortions in spectral processing in addition to reductions in threshold sensitivity. This impaired processing, in the form of broader and more asymmetric auditory filters, is likely to impact temporal as well as spectral analysis of complex sounds. In particular, the perception of component-phase relationships within harmonic and near-harmonic complexes has been linked to the characteristics of auditory filtering occurring during the initial stages of cochlear processing. Changes in the phase relationships of adjacent harmonics processed in a single auditory channel may result in discriminable alterations in waveforms at the channel output. Patterson (1987, 1988) suggested that some phase differences occurring across auditory channels also may be detectable. In this study, the effects of component phase on the discrimination of harmonic complexes are evaluated in relation to measured frequency resolution for a group of hearing-impaired subjects. In addition to phase changes that occur on harmonics processed within channels, the perception of systematically increasing and decreasing phase changes across a wideband harmonic stimulus with frequencies from 500 to 3,000 Hz is investigated. The threshold amounts of phase change are analyzed in view of the bandwidths and asymmetries of auditory filters measured at two center frequencies. These data may be of assistance in the realistic simulation of the internal representations of speech and other complex sounds in the impaired auditory periphery. RP Leek, MR (reprint author), USA,WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,AUDIOL & SPEECH CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20310, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 BN 0-8058-2230-5 PY 1997 BP 343 EP 357 PG 15 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Otorhinolaryngology SC Engineering; Otorhinolaryngology GA BJ28N UT WOS:A1997BJ28N00027 ER PT J AU Dave, JR Koenig, ML Tortella, FC Pieringer, RA Doctor, BP Ved, HS AF Dave, JR Koenig, ML Tortella, FC Pieringer, RA Doctor, BP Ved, HS TI Dodecylglycerol provides partial protection against glutamate toxicity in neuronal cultures derived from different regions of embryonic rat brain SO MOLECULAR AND CHEMICAL NEUROPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dodecylglycerol; primary neuronal cultures; glycerol alkyl lipid; calcium mobilization; glutamate toxicity; neurotoxicity ID PLATELET-ACTIVATING-FACTOR; D-ASPARTATE RECEPTOR; C-FOS EXPRESSION; CORTICAL-NEURONS; CELL-DEATH; IN-VITRO; NEUROTOXICITY; GLYCEROL; FIBROBLASTS; INDUCTION AB Primary cultures enriched in neurons dissociated from embryonic rat cerebral cortex, cerebellum, or hippocampus were treated in a chemically defined serum-free media with either vehicle, dodecylglycerol (DDG, 3 mu M), or glutamate (75 mu M), or preincubated with DDG for 4 or 24 h, and further incubated with glutamate. Their morphological and biochemical assessments (lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] release in the culture media, neuronal viability and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization) were made. Neurotoxic effects of glutamate and glutamate-mediated increases in intracellular Ca2+ were maximal in neurons from cerebellum and minimal in neurons from cortex. Cotreatment of cells with DDG and glutamate failed to provide significant neuronal protection against glutamate in the three brain regions. Pretreatment of cells with DDG for 4 or 24 h prior to glutamate treatment provided significant neuroprotection as judged by morphological changes and a decrease in LDH activity. Neuroprotection of approximately 15-35% was observed following 4 h of DDG pretreatment, increasing to 60-85% protection after 24 h of DDG pretreatment. Although the mechanism of DDG's neuroprotective action remains to be elucidated, these results demonstrate that both glutamate and DDG have differential specificity for anatomical regions of the brain. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR, WALTER REED ARMY INST RES, DIV BIOCHEM, WASHINGTON, DC 20307 USA. TEMPLE UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT BIOCHEM, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19122 USA. RP Dave, JR (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR, WALTER REED ARMY INST RES, DIV NEUROSCI, WASHINGTON, DC 20307 USA. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 1044-7393 J9 MOL CHEM NEUROPATHOL JI Mol. Chem. Neuropathol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 30 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1007/BF02815146 PG 13 WC Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA WK182 UT WOS:A1997WK18200001 PM 9138422 ER PT S AU Hsieh, AJ Gutierrez, AW AF Hsieh, AJ Gutierrez, AW BE Briber, RM Han, CC Peiffer, DG TI Thermal characterization of a microlayered polycarbonate polymethyl methacrylate composite SO MORPHOLOGICAL CONTROL IN MULTIPHASE POLYMER MIXTURES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Morphological Control in Multiphase Polymer Mixtures CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Thermal, behavior of a coextruded microlayer composite with 388 alternating layers of polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Two distinct glass transition temperatures were observed with DSC for the coextruded composite, however both were shifted very slightly towards each other, compared to the glass transition temperatures of the pure components, indicating limited miscibility. Adhesion between the alternating microlayers appeared to be very good; delamination did not occur after the microlayer composite was subjected to a high speed impact test. Adhesion is attributed to limited miscibility since little mixing resulted from the laminar flow which was required in the coextrusion process. DMA results revealed an additional damping peak, which was not observed with DSC, at a temperature between the glass transitions of the two components. This intermediate transition peak is more sensitive to change in frequency compared to the response for the individual pure components. RP Hsieh, AJ (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,WEAPONS & MAT RES DIRECTORATE,AMSRL,WM,MA,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-365-7 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1997 VL 461 BP 165 EP 171 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BJ28F UT WOS:A1997BJ28F00024 ER PT B AU Stockstill, RL AF Stockstill, RL BE VanKeer, R Brebbia, CA TI Implicit moving finite element model of the 2D shallow-water equations SO MOVING BOUNDARIES IV: COMPUTATIONAL MODELLING OF FREE AND MOVING BOUNDARY PROBLEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computational Modelling of Free and Moving Boundaries CY AUG, 1997 CL GHENT UNIV, GHENT, BELGIUM SP Wessex Inst Technol, UK, Univ Ghent, Belgium HO GHENT UNIV AB This paper describes a method for determining implicitly, the waterline and flow variables in shallow water. In particular, the shallow-water equations are applied to open channels with sloping sidewalls and dam-break flow over initially dry beds. The domain limits are time dependent in both cases, but only the former has a steady state. Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian descriptions of the two-dimensional shallow-water equations are used to describe the time-dependent waterline formed by the water-surface/channel-bed intersection. The model uses an implicit Petrov-Galerkin moving-finite-element representation of the shallow-water equations. Simultaneous solutions of the two-dimensional shallow-water equations and waterlines are obtained. The implicit approach relaxes time-step size limitations and the Petrov-Galerkin test function provides numerical stability for advection-dominated flows. The model offers a viable means of representing shadow-water flows where the boundary locations are not known a priori. RP Stockstill, RL (reprint author), USAE,WATERWAYS EXPT STN,3909 HALLS FERRY RD,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS LTD PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON, HANTS, ENGLAND S04 2AA BN 1-85312-465-6 PY 1997 BP 199 EP 208 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA BJ62P UT WOS:A1997BJ62P00020 ER PT J AU Carome, MA Kang, YH Bohen, EM Nicholson, DE Carr, FE Kiandoli, LC Brummel, SE Yuan, CM AF Carome, MA Kang, YH Bohen, EM Nicholson, DE Carr, FE Kiandoli, LC Brummel, SE Yuan, CM TI Distribution of the cellular uptake of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides in the rat kidney in vivo SO NEPHRON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Nephrology CY OCT 26-29, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Nephrol, Eur Comm, Biomed I, Ctr Hosp Reg, Bordeaux, Natl Kidney Res Fund DE phosphorothioate oligonucleotide; antisense; rat kidney; gene therapy; autoradiography ID ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; GENE-EXPRESSION; RNASE-H; GROWTH; INHIBITION; LEUKEMIA; TRANSPORT; INVIVO; CELLS; MICE AB Previous animal studies have demonstrated that following systemic administration phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (S-ODNs) are primarily excreted by the kidneys and that renal tissue levels of S-ODNs exceed that of other organs, Thus, the kidney may be an ideal target organ for application of antisense S-ODNs in vivo, We examined which cells within the rat kidney have uptake of radiolabeled S-ODNs following intravenous infusion. A 20-base S-35-ODN was infused into 6 adult male Wistar rats. Three animals each were sacrificed 30 min and 4 h after infusion. The kidneys were then removed, fixed, and tissue autoradiography was performed. Similar results were obtained in both groups, The highest level of radioactivity was seen within the proximal tubules. Lower levels of activity were seen within the glomerulus, the parietal epithelial cells of Bowman's space, and distal tubular cells, Very weak activity was also detected within the cells of the loop of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts. These results demonstrated that within the kidney S-ODNs were taken up primarily by proximal tubular cells, with much lower uptake by cells in other segments of the nephron. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,SERV NEPHROL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT MED,ENDOCRINE SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. USN,MED RES INST,DIV PATHOL,BETHESDA,MD. RP Carome, MA (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,BLDG 6,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0028-2766 J9 NEPHRON JI Nephron PD JAN PY 1997 VL 75 IS 1 BP 82 EP 87 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA WF962 UT WOS:A1997WF96200014 PM 9031275 ER PT S AU Marini, AM Spiga, G Mocchetti, I AF Marini, AM Spiga, G Mocchetti, I BE Slikker, W TI Toward the development of strategies to prevent ischemic neuronal injury - In vitro studies SO NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS - THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Neuroprotective Agents - Clinical and Experimental Aspects CY SEP 09-12, 1996 CL VARENNA, ITALY SP New York Acad Sci, FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Arkansas, Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Togus, Maine ID FIBROBLAST GROWTH-FACTOR; METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; FACTOR MESSENGER-RNA; AMINO-ACIDS; RAT-BRAIN; RECEPTOR ACTIVATION; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; FACTOR EXPRESSION C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR, DEPT NEUROL, WASHINGTON, DC 20307 USA. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR, DEPT CLIN INVEST, WASHINGTON, DC 20307 USA. GEORGETOWN UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT CELL BIOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20007 USA. UNIV CAGLIARI, DEPT TOXICOL, CAGLIARI, ITALY. RP Marini, AM (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI, DEPT NEUROL, 4301 JONES BRIDGE RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS 01675, NS 29664] NR 46 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-093-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1997 VL 825 BP 209 EP 219 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48431.x PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BJ99G UT WOS:A1997BJ99G00019 PM 9369988 ER PT J AU Millard, CB Lockridge, O Silman, I Broomfield, CA AF Millard, CB Lockridge, O Silman, I Broomfield, CA TI Reaction of human butyrylcholinesterase His-117 enzymes with carbamates SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Neurobiol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, APG, MD USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Eppley Inst Res Canc, Omaha, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3940 J9 NEUROSCI LETT JI Neurosci. Lett. PY 1997 SU 48 BP S36 EP S36 PG 1 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA ZB328 UT WOS:000072460000147 ER PT B AU Tracy, BA Cialone, A AF Tracy, BA Cialone, A BE Tait, LS TI Engineering benefits from Hurricane Opal's wave hindcast information SO NEW INSIGHTS INTO BEACH PRESERVATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology - New Insights Into Beach Preservation CY JAN 22-24, 1997 CL ST PETERSBURG, FL SP Florida Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Univ Florida, Coastal Engn Dept, USA Corps Engineers, Amer Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Florida Inst Technol, Florida Sea Grant Program, S Carolina Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Texas Gen Land Off, Univ S Florida AB The Wave Information Study (WIS) at the Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL) at the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station recently completed a wave hindcast in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) for 1995. The hurricane wind fields from Hurricane Opal were specified using all available storm parameters and were used in the WIS numerical wave hindcast model, WISWAVE 2.1, to produce waves on a 0.25 degree latitude and longitude grid which covers the GOM. This paper gives a brief description of the hindcast process and displays the resulting wave climate at stations close to the Florida coast during Opal. This paper also includes a discussion of the value of these wave results in evaluating coastal problems associated with a hurricane event by showing how wave set-up can be derived from the hindcast results and how wave results can provide input into beach change models. The wave data from Opal are given a statistical perspective related to the database of hurricanes in the GOM since 1956. Other hurricanes making landfall in the same area are compared to Opal to show how the path and other storm parameters affect the wave climate. RP Tracy, BA (reprint author), USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,COASTAL & HYDRAUL LAB,3909 HALLS FERRY RD,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 864 EAST PARK AVE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 PY 1997 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA BJ32Q UT WOS:A1997BJ32Q00001 ER PT B AU Ebersole, BA Neilans, PJ AF Ebersole, BA Neilans, PJ BE Tait, LS TI Beach-fill performance at Folly Beach, South Carolina (3 years after construction) SO NEW INSIGHTS INTO BEACH PRESERVATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology - New Insights Into Beach Preservation CY JAN 22-24, 1997 CL ST PETERSBURG, FL SP Florida Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Univ Florida, Coastal Engn Dept, USA Corps Engineers, Amer Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Florida Inst Technol, Florida Sea Grant Program, S Carolina Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Texas Gen Land Off, Univ S Florida AB The Folly Beach, South Carolina, Shore Protection Project was designed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in the late 1980s, and constructed in the spring of 1993. The constructed storm berm was designed to prevent damage from moderately severe storms. Ebersole et al. (1996) document performance of the project during the first year immediately following construction. This paper updates the analysis of project evolution through January 1996. In general, since January 1994, there has been much less change in foreshore beach profile shape and beach width compared to the adjustment that occurred in the months immediately following sand placement. Profiles seem to have attained an equilibrated shape. Approximately 84 percent of the volume originally placed can be accounted for within the active depth and lateral bounds of the project. Differential erosion/accretion of the fill has taken place. There is no significant dry beach in front of the Holiday Inn seawall, and the beach remains narrow within the area known locally as the ''wash-out'' area, both as predicted during the original project design studies. There have been accelerated volume and beach-width losses at both ends of the project closest to adjacent inlets. Despite a few local areas of higher erosion, the project is intact and functioning well at all locations where the storm berm provides the major source of protection to upland structures. No storm-induced damage was experienced in the four winter seasons since construction began. RP Ebersole, BA (reprint author), USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,COASTAL & HYDRAUL LAB,3909 HALLS FERRY RD,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 864 EAST PARK AVE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 PY 1997 BP 90 EP 105 PG 16 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA BJ32Q UT WOS:A1997BJ32Q00007 ER PT B AU Curtis, WR Pollock, CE AF Curtis, WR Pollock, CE BE Tait, LS TI Numerical method for nearshore berm evaluation: St. Johns County, Florida SO NEW INSIGHTS INTO BEACH PRESERVATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology - New Insights Into Beach Preservation CY JAN 22-24, 1997 CL ST PETERSBURG, FL SP Florida Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Univ Florida, Coastal Engn Dept, USA Corps Engineers, Amer Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Florida Inst Technol, Florida Sea Grant Program, S Carolina Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Texas Gen Land Off, Univ S Florida RP Curtis, WR (reprint author), USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,3909 HALLS FERRY RD,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 864 EAST PARK AVE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 PY 1997 BP 106 EP 117 PG 12 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA BJ32Q UT WOS:A1997BJ32Q00008 ER PT B AU Kraus, NC AF Kraus, NC BE Tait, LS TI Distinguishing cross-shore and longshore processes in shoreline change evaluation SO NEW INSIGHTS INTO BEACH PRESERVATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology - New Insights Into Beach Preservation CY JAN 22-24, 1997 CL ST PETERSBURG, FL SP Florida Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Univ Florida, Coastal Engn Dept, USA Corps Engineers, Amer Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Florida Inst Technol, Florida Sea Grant Program, S Carolina Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Texas Gen Land Off, Univ S Florida AB Shoreline-change analysis and numerical modeling are increasingly applied to design beach-fill and shore-protection projects. As older sources and more varied types of shoreline-position data are accessed, the necessity for distinguishing cross-shore End longshore components of the sediment transport increases. This paper first draws attention to potential contamination of a longshore transport signal by a real cross-shore process (storm-induced erosion) and by an apparent cross-shore process (inconsistency in vertical datums). The predictive power of the even-odd function analysis procedure is then investigated to explore its capabilities and limitations for distinguishing cross-shore and longshore signals in shoreline-change data. RP Kraus, NC (reprint author), USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,COASTAL & HYDRAUL LAB,3909 HALLS FERRY RD,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 864 EAST PARK AVE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 PY 1997 BP 135 EP 150 PG 16 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA BJ32Q UT WOS:A1997BJ32Q00010 ER PT B AU Irish, JL Truitt, CL Lillycrop, WJ AF Irish, JL Truitt, CL Lillycrop, WJ BE Tait, LS TI Using high-resolution bathymetry to determine sediment budgets: New Pass, Florida SO NEW INSIGHTS INTO BEACH PRESERVATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology - New Insights Into Beach Preservation CY JAN 22-24, 1997 CL ST PETERSBURG, FL SP Florida Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Univ Florida, Coastal Engn Dept, USA Corps Engineers, Amer Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Florida Inst Technol, Florida Sea Grant Program, S Carolina Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Texas Gen Land Off, Univ S Florida AB New Pass, on the west coast of Florida, provides one of three exchanges between the Gulf of Mexico and Sarasota Bay. A navigation channel is maintained by the US Army Corps of Engineers and was last dredged in 1990. More recently, the outer ebb shoal of New Pass was mined for restoration of Longboat Key in 1993. In March 1994, a new hydrographic survey system, SHOALS, was field tested in the New Pass vicinity and completed a survey of the pass. SHOALS collects bathymetry remotely from a Bell 212 helicopter at a nominal horizontal density of 4 m. Since the first survey, SHOALS resurveyed the area on four other occasions, with the latest completed in October 1996. These unique data provide full coverage of the inlet system along with the adjacent beaches of Longboat and Lido Keys. Providing an accurate three-dimensional model of the pass over time, these high-resolution data sets allow accurate, quantitative assessment of sediment movement at the pass. Coupled with hydrodynamic information, these surveys give an accurate depiction of New Pass' sediment budget and morphologic trends. There were several notable findings resulting from this analysis including the continuing historic trend for the navigation channel to migrate southward. This paper presents a sediment budget for New Pass calculated over a 32-month period using five SHOALS surveys of the pass and adjacent beaches and evaluates the pass' evolution during the survey interval. RP Irish, JL (reprint author), USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,COASTAL & HYDRAUL LAB,3909 HALLS FERRY RD,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 864 EAST PARK AVE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 PY 1997 BP 183 EP 198 PG 16 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA BJ32Q UT WOS:A1997BJ32Q00013 ER PT B AU Stauble, DK Cialone, MA AF Stauble, DK Cialone, MA BE Tait, LS TI The tale of three inlets: Sediment management techniques SO NEW INSIGHTS INTO BEACH PRESERVATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology - New Insights Into Beach Preservation CY JAN 22-24, 1997 CL ST PETERSBURG, FL SP Florida Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Univ Florida, Coastal Engn Dept, USA Corps Engineers, Amer Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Florida Inst Technol, Florida Sea Grant Program, S Carolina Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Texas Gen Land Off, Univ S Florida AB Surface sediment samples have been collected and morphologic characterization has been performed at three tidal inlets along the east coast of the United States. This study was performed to provide an understanding of the variation in grain-size distributions on the shoals, channels, and adjacent beach which leads to improving sand management techniques at tidal inlets. Barnegat inlet, New Jersey has been stabilized by a recently-completed two-jetty system. A large, asymmetrical ebb shoal attaches to the downdrift shore and a two-part flood shoal complex opens into Barnegat Bay, with an ''s'' shaped main navigation channel around the south side of the front shoal and crossing over to the north side of the back shoal. Ocean City Inlet, Maryland also has a two-jetty configuration and asymmetrical ebb shoal attaching to the downdrift shore. A restricted bay area results in formation of two flood shoals, one small southern shoal in Sinepuxent Bay and a larger northern shoal in Isle of Wight Bay. Pence de Leon Inlet, Florida also contains a two-jetty system with an asymmetric ebb shoal to the south and a restricted bay area with a complex intersection of the inlet throat with three channels. The food shoal is also divided into a north and south portion. Sediment samples were collected from channel, shoal and adjacent beach environments at each of these inlets. Statistical analysis revealed that the coarser means and poorer sorting was characteristic of the channel samples and the finer more well-sorted samples were found on the shallow shoal areas. The use of Q-mode factor analysis has provided a technique to associate similar grain size distributions within che study inlets. Using the entire grain size range, three factors were identified to characterize the variance in inlet sediments. The sediment at Barnegat Inlet was composed of coarse to medium sands, Ocean City Inlet had coarse through medium to fine sands, while Pence de Leon Inlet was limited to fine sands. This analysis provides knowledge of recent sand deposition patterns and infers sediment pathways that can be used in inlet sand management. RP Stauble, DK (reprint author), USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,COASTAL & HYDRAUL LAB,3909 HALLS FERRY RD,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 864 EAST PARK AVE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 PY 1997 BP 199 EP 214 PG 16 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA BJ32Q UT WOS:A1997BJ32Q00014 ER PT B AU Smith, SJ Ebersole, BA AF Smith, SJ Ebersole, BA BE Tait, LS TI Numerical modelling evaluation of hot spots at Ocean City, Maryland SO NEW INSIGHTS INTO BEACH PRESERVATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology - New Insights Into Beach Preservation CY JAN 22-24, 1997 CL ST PETERSBURG, FL SP Florida Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Univ Florida, Coastal Engn Dept, USA Corps Engineers, Amer Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Florida Inst Technol, Florida Sea Grant Program, S Carolina Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc, Texas Gen Land Off, Univ S Florida AB ''Hot spots'' are areas of localized erosion along a shoreline. Conversely, ''cold spots'' are areas that experience localized accretion. Hot spots may occur on beach fills for a variety of reasons, including cross-shore adjustment of the beach fill, beach-fill end losses, longshore adjustment of the beach fill, and wave transformation patterns due to irregular features in the nearshore bathymetry. Several areas along the shoreline of Ocean City, Maryland, have been documented as hot spots through monitoring of recently constructed beach-fill projects (Stauble et al. 1993). Erosional reaches of shoreline al Ocean City tend to be co-located with shore-face attachments of elongated offshore shoals. As part of a study to investigate the causes of hot spots at Ocean City, a numerical wave model and a potential sand transport model were used to evaluate the effect of the irregular bathymetry on longshore sand transport rates. The purpose of this paper is to present numerical model results which link the erosional hot spots at Ocean City, Maryland, to longshore sand transport processes and to define characteristics and behaviors of the hot spots. The paper describes the application of the numerical models and presents analysis relating the model results to observations from field monitoring of the beach fills at Ocean City. RP Smith, SJ (reprint author), USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,COASTAL & HYDRAUL LAB,3909 HALLS FERRY RD,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 864 EAST PARK AVE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 PY 1997 BP 230 EP 245 PG 16 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA BJ32Q UT WOS:A1997BJ32Q00016 ER PT B AU Schmidt, JH AF Schmidt, JH BE Delic, G Wheeler, MF TI 3-D adaptive grid modeling for groundwater mechanics SO NEXT GENERATION ENVIRONMENT MODELS AND COMPUTATIONAL METHODS SE SIAM PROCEEDINGS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Next Generation Environmental Models Computational Methods (NGEMCOM) Workshop CY AUG 07-09, 1995 CL NATL ENVIRONM SUPERCOMP CTR, BAY CITY, MI SP US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Subsurface Protect & Remediat Div, US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, US EPA, Enterprise Technol Serv Div, Natl Environm Supercomp Ctr HO NATL ENVIRONM SUPERCOMP CTR AB The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Waterways Experiment Station's Groundwater Modeling Program has developed an adaptive grid groundwater flow and transport model. The ADH (ADaptive Hydrology) model uses an initial unstructured tetrahedral grid to construct tetrahedral grids appropriate for moving fronts and boundary layers. This paper briefly describes the model and demonstrates the model on a pair of simple test problems. RP Schmidt, JH (reprint author), USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,CEWES HH G,3909 HALLS FERRY RD,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 BN 0-89871-378-1 J9 SIAM PROC S PY 1997 BP 265 EP 270 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BH23R UT WOS:A1997BH23R00026 ER PT B AU Peters, JF Howington, SE AF Peters, JF Howington, SE BE Delic, G Wheeler, MF TI Pre-asymptotic transport through porous media SO NEXT GENERATION ENVIRONMENT MODELS AND COMPUTATIONAL METHODS SE SIAM PROCEEDINGS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Next Generation Environmental Models Computational Methods (NGEMCOM) Workshop CY AUG 07-09, 1995 CL NATL ENVIRONM SUPERCOMP CTR, BAY CITY, MI SP US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Subsurface Protect & Remediat Div, US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, US EPA, Enterprise Technol Serv Div, Natl Environm Supercomp Ctr HO NATL ENVIRONM SUPERCOMP CTR AB A model for solute transport is presented based on a non-Fickian theory of dispersion. The practical importance of the model is the ability to capture the scale dependence of the apparent dispersivity without introducing nonphysical diffusion. It does so by representing the spatial velocity correlation structure underlying the dispersive process. Under asymptotic conditions, the model displays Fickian behavior, as predicted by theory. RP Peters, JF (reprint author), USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,CEWES HH G,3909 HALLS FERRY RD,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 BN 0-89871-378-1 J9 SIAM PROC S PY 1997 BP 271 EP 280 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BH23R UT WOS:A1997BH23R00027 ER PT S AU Hillis, DB AF Hillis, DB GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Using a genetic algorithm for multi-hypothesis tracking SO NINTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOOLS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOOLS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence CY NOV 03-08, 1997 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm PAMI, Pan Amer Ctr Earth & Environm Studies AB A technique has been devised that uses a genetic algorithm (GA) to address the multi-scan assignment problem in multitarget tracking. The problem is recast in the form of a scheduling problem, where the GA searches the space of possible orderings of detections, and a greedy heuristic is used to make the associations for a particular ordering. We resulting tracker can operate in either batch or continuous mode. In the continuous mode, a single population of hypotheses evolves on a fitness landscape that changes with each new scan of data. RP Hillis, DB (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20310, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1082-3409 BN 0-8186-8204-3 J9 PROC INT C TOOLS ART PY 1997 BP 112 EP 117 DI 10.1109/TAI.1997.632244 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BJ93L UT WOS:A1997BJ93L00016 ER PT S AU Ingham, H Helfman, R Hanratty, T Dumer, J Baur, EH AF Ingham, H Helfman, R Hanratty, T Dumer, J Baur, EH GP IEEE COMP SOC TI TED - Turbine engine diagnostics - A practical application of a diagnostic expert system SO NINTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOOLS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOOLS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence CY NOV 03-08, 1997 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm PAMI, Pan Amer Ctr Earth & Environm Studies AB TED (Turbine Engine Diagnostics) is a diagnostic expert system to aid the MI Abrams' mechanic find and fix problems in the AGT-1500 turbine engine. TED was designed to provide the apprentice mechanic the ability to diagnose and repair the turbine engine like an expert mechanic. This paper discusses the reasoning method used in TED, called Procedural Reasoning System (PRS), as well as various design considerations throughout the life of the project. The expert system was designed and built by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Ordnance Center. TED has been fielded to both the active Army and the National Guard. RP Ingham, H (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,CI,IS,AMSRL,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1082-3409 BN 0-8186-8204-3 J9 PROC INT C TOOLS ART PY 1997 BP 438 EP 444 DI 10.1109/TAI.1997.632286 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BJ93L UT WOS:A1997BJ93L00058 ER PT S AU Hammell, RJ Sudkamp, T AF Hammell, RJ Sudkamp, T GP IEEE COMP SOC TI A fuzzy model for learning and adaptivity SO NINTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOOLS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOOLS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence CY NOV 03-08, 1997 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm PAMI, Pan Amer Ctr Earth & Environm Studies AB Fuzzy models have been designed to represent approximate or imprecise relationships in complex systems and have been successfully employed in control systems, expert systems, and decision analysis. A hierarchical architecture for fuzzy modeling and inference has been developed to learn an initial set of rules from training data and allow adaptation of the rule base via system performance feedback. A general adaptive algorithm is presented and its performance examined for three types of adaptive behavior: continued learning, gradual change, and drastic change. In each of the three types of behavior the adaptive algorithm has been shown to be able to reconfigure the rule bases to either improve the original approximation or adapt to the new system. RP Hammell, RJ (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1082-3409 BN 0-8186-8204-3 J9 PROC INT C TOOLS ART PY 1997 BP 540 EP 547 DI 10.1109/TAI.1997.632301 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BJ93L UT WOS:A1997BJ93L00073 ER PT B AU Staheli, K Bennett, D ODonnell, HW AF Staheli, K Bennett, D ODonnell, HW GP N AMER SOC TRENCHLESS TECHNOL TI Installation of pipelines beneath levees using horizontal directional drilling SO NORTH AMERICAN NO-DIG '97 - TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY: THE JEWEL OF UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT North American Conference and Exhibition of Trenchless Technology - The Jewel of Underground Construction (N Amer NO-DIG 97) CY APR 18-21, 1997 CL SEATTLE, WA SP N Amer Soc Trenchless Technol, Amer Public Works Assoc, Amer Underground Construct Assoc, Amer Water Works Assoc, Assoc Gen Contractors Amer, Assoc Pipeline Inspectors Ontario, Natl Assoc Sewer Serv Co, Natl Assoc Water Co, Natl Util Contractors Assoc, Plast Pipe Inst, Trenchless Technology Ctr, Water Environm Federat AB Horizontal directional drilling (HDD) has become a preferred method for pipeline river crossings, allowing the pipelines to be installed at depths that eliminate the dangers of the pipeline becoming exposed in the channel, due to dredging or scour. HDD can also be used to install pipelines beneath levees; however, safety concerns have led the US Army Corps of Engineers to prohibit or discourage pipeline installation beneath or through levees, especially on main-line Mississippi River levees. Consequently, pipelines are currently installed beneath rivers using HDD techniques but the pipelines must be placed over the crest of the levees and covered with an earth berm. The US Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station, in conjunction with O'Donnell Associates, recently completed a full-scale field experiment under the Construction Productivity Advancement Research (CPAR) program to evaluate the potential for use of HDD techniques for placement of pipelines beneath levees without damage to the levee structure or creation of preferential seepage paths. Three bores were drilled beneath a Mississippi River levee in Mayersville, MS, approximately 50 miles north of Vicksburg. Operating parameters were varied in a controlled fashion and ground conditions were carefully documented. Changes in pore pressures were monitored before, during, and after installation to help assess impacts on stability. An exhaustive autopsy was conducted by excavating down to the installed pipelines to determine the zone of influence around the pipeline created by the drilling fluids. Dye tracers were added to the drilling fluids to allow visual determination of fluid migration, The field tests were completed in August, 1996. RP Staheli, K (reprint author), USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,3909 HALLS FERRY RD,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NORTH AMERICAN SOCIETY TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 435 N MICHIGAN AVE SUITE 1717, CHICAGO, IL 60611-4067 PY 1997 BP 144 EP 176 PG 33 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BJ37U UT WOS:A1997BJ37U00011 ER PT B AU Staheli, K Hermanson, G AF Staheli, K Hermanson, G GP N AMER SOC TRENCHLESS TECHNOL TI What to do when your head gets stuck SO NORTH AMERICAN NO-DIG '97 - TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY: THE JEWEL OF UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT North American Conference and Exhibition of Trenchless Technology - The Jewel of Underground Construction (N Amer NO-DIG 97) CY APR 18-21, 1997 CL SEATTLE, WA SP N Amer Soc Trenchless Technol, Amer Public Works Assoc, Amer Underground Construct Assoc, Amer Water Works Assoc, Assoc Gen Contractors Amer, Assoc Pipeline Inspectors Ontario, Natl Assoc Sewer Serv Co, Natl Assoc Water Co, Natl Util Contractors Assoc, Plast Pipe Inst, Trenchless Technology Ctr, Water Environm Federat AB Microtunneling machines have encountered a variety of conditions that prevented advance of the machine. The problems that have stopped advance of the machines can be grouped into two categories: things that can be controlled by the contractor, such as lubrication techniques, overcut, and dewatering; and things over which the contractor has little control, such as buried obstructions or mixed face soil conditions, The conditions which have prevented advance of the machine are discussed, along with the methods that were used to remedy the situation on each of the projects. Evaluations of the remedy procedure an discussed, along with recommendations on what could be done on future projects to prevent these situations from occurring. This paper is meant to present positive solutions to challenging problems for the improved success of microtunneling projects. RP Staheli, K (reprint author), USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,3909 HALLS FERRY RD,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NORTH AMERICAN SOCIETY TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 435 N MICHIGAN AVE SUITE 1717, CHICAGO, IL 60611-4067 PY 1997 BP 435 EP 446 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BJ37U UT WOS:A1997BJ37U00033 ER PT J AU Sarnecky, MT AF Sarnecky, MT TI Nursing in the American Army from the revolution to the Spanish-American War SO NURSING HISTORY REVIEW LA English DT Article RP Sarnecky, MT (reprint author), USA,NURSE CORPS,6953 DUSTY ROSE PL,CARLSBAD,CA 92009, USA. NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PI PHILADELPHIA PA MARKETING DEPT, BLOCKLEY HALL 13TH FLOOR, 423 GUARDIAN DRIVE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-6097 SN 1062-8061 J9 NURS HIST REV JI Nurs. Hist. Rev. PY 1997 VL 5 BP 49 EP 69 PG 21 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; History Of Social Sciences; Nursing SC History & Philosophy of Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Nursing GA VX518 UT WOS:A1997VX51800004 PM 8979728 ER PT B AU Corson, WD Rhee, JP Welp, TL Mckinney, JP AF Corson, WD Rhee, JP Welp, TL Mckinney, JP GP IEEE TI Wave measurements in Upper Galveston Bay, TX (USA) SO OCEANS '97 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 97 MTS/IEEE Conference CY OCT 06-09, 1997 CL HALIFAX, CANADA SP IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Marine Technol Soc AB In support of erosion protection efforts for an aquatic confined dredged material placement area, analyses of pressure time series recorded in Upper Galveston Bay near the Houston Ship Channel provide data on: a. Wind-waves. b. Ship-wakes. c. Ship draw-down. d. Mean water-level. Time series are 2048 seconds long and sampled at 2 hertz. Approximately 34-minute records are taken every 40 minutes. The nearly continuous recording was selected to record waves from as many passing ships as possible, provide data on wind-waves and mean water-level, and allow for deployment of the internal recording gage for nearly 3 weeks. RP Corson, WD (reprint author), USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,WATERWAYS EXPT STN,PROTOTYPE MEASUREMENT & ANAL BRANCH,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4108-2 PY 1997 BP 1099 EP 1103 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Acoustics; Engineering; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BJ68T UT WOS:A1997BJ68T00191 ER PT J AU Katz, P Bartone, P AF Katz, P Bartone, P TI Mourning, ritual and recovery after an airline tragedy SO OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING LA English DT Article AB The crash of a chartered Army jetliner in Gander, Newfoundland in 1985 resulted in the deaths of 248 soldiers from one battalion stationed in Fort Campbell, Kentucky. This article describes the multiple mourning rituals enacted by the geographically localized family members, other battalion members, and other soldiers at the base and examines the functions of these rituals in contributing to group and individual recovery. Such rituals encouraged the participants to confront their losses, separate the past from the present and future and, thereby, promoted individual and group autonomy. Autonomy was demonstrated by individually and collectively working-through their losses, reintegrating into the community, reaffirming community solidarity, and strengthening community ties. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Katz, P (reprint author), 13804 Rippling Brook Dr, Silver Spring, MD 20906 USA. OI Bartone, Paul/0000-0002-5767-0086 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BAYWOOD PUBL CO INC PI AMITYVILLE PA 26 AUSTIN AVE, AMITYVILLE, NY 11701 USA SN 0030-2228 J9 OMEGA-J DEATH DYING JI Omega-J. Death Dying PY 1997 VL 36 IS 3 BP 193 EP 200 PG 8 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Psychology; Biomedical Social Sciences GA ZU226 UT WOS:000074174900002 ER PT J AU Zeng, G Dave, JR Chiang, PK AF Zeng, G Dave, JR Chiang, PK TI Induction of proto-oncogenes during 3-deazaadenosine-stimulated differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to adipocytes: Mimicry of insulin action SO ONCOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE proto-oncogenes; differentiation; 3T3-L1 fibroblasts; 3-deazaadenosine; insulin; adipocytes ID S-ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE HYDROLASE; C-FOS; ADIPOSE CONVERSION; MESSENGER-RNA; KINASE-C; CELLS; TRANSCRIPTION; METHYLATION; INHIBITOR; ACTIVATION AB 3-Deazaadenosine (DZA) mimicked the molecular action of insulin in the induction of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to differentiate into adipocytes. The molecular effects of DZA were compared with insulin, which served as a positive control, on the expression of proto-oncogenes during the initial stage of differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Treatment of confluent 3T3-L1 fibroblasts with DZA or insulin produced a rapid but transient expression of mRNA for proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun within 30-60 min. The mRNA of c-myc increased for 2 h and then decreased 4 h after treatment. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed a heightened increase in the appearance of transcription factors AP-1 and AP-2. The increase was detectable as early as 1 h after the treatment with either DZA or insulin and was maintained for 6 h. 3T3-L1 cells stably transfected with the promotor of c-fos linked to a CAT reporter gene showed an increase in CAT activity in response to DZA in a time-and dose-dependent manner. In cells stably transfected with antisense c-fos, neither DZA nor insulin was able to induce a differentiation response. The early transcription of c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc proto-oncogenes and the increased expression of transcription factors AP-1 and AP-2, induced by DZA and insulin, appear to be crucial events in the differentiation of the 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to adipocytes. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT APPL BIOCHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV NEUROSCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL BIOPHYS,RICHMOND,VA 23298. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU COGNIZANT COMMUNICATION CORP PI ELMSFORD PA 3 HARTSDALE ROAD, ELMSFORD, NY 10523-3701 SN 0965-0407 J9 ONCOL RES JI Oncol. Res. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 4 BP 205 EP 211 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA XQ596 UT WOS:A1997XQ59600006 PM 9268991 ER PT J AU Hondrum, SO Fernandez, R AF Hondrum, SO Fernandez, R TI Contouring, finishing, and polishing class 5 restorative materials SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITE RESINS; GLOSS AB Three materials used for class 5 restorations (composite resin,glass ionomer, and resin-modified glass ionomer) were contoured, finished, and polished using seven methods: Matrix only, Sof-Lex disks, Composite Finishing System, Enhance Finishing/Polishing System, Two Striper MFS/MPS System, Two Striper MPS polish only, and contouring burs only. Results were quantified by surface roughness and gloss (reflectance). The glass-ionomer material was rougher and less reflective than composite resin; the smoothness of the resin-modified glass ionomer between these two extremes. The original matrix smoothness and gloss could not be reproduced with any of the contour/finish/polish techniques tested on any of the three materials. The smoothest surfaces were achieved using a sequential series of rotary abrasive instruments. RP Hondrum, SO (reprint author), USA,WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DENT RES DETACHMENT,APPL DENT SCI BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 17 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV WASHINGTON PI SEATTLE PA SCHOOL DENTISTRY SM-57, SEATTLE, WA 98195 SN 0361-7734 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 22 IS 1 BP 30 EP 36 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB128 UT WOS:A1997WB12800005 PM 9227125 ER PT J AU Ngo, D Videen, G AF Ngo, D Videen, G TI Light scattering from spheres SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE fight scattering; surface contamination ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVE SCATTERING; CONDUCTING PLANE; GROUND PLANE; CYLINDER; SURFACE; INTERFACE; FRONT AB For some applications, it has been assumed that scattering from an object placed near a highly reflecting substrate such as aluminum can be approximated by the scattering from that object placed near a perfectly conducting substrate. We examine this approximation by comparing the calculated scattering from dielectric spheres resting on plane substrates that are perfectly conducting and composed of aluminum. Examination of the Mueller polarization matrix elements shows appreciable differences between these two scattering systems. The differences, however, become small at scattering angles where the intensities are relatively large. (C) 1997 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USA,RES LAB,AMSRL,BE,ADELPHI,MD 20783. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP Ngo, D (reprint author), EDGEWOOD RES & DEV ENGN CTR,SCBRD,RTE,BLDG E-5951,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 36 IS 1 BP 150 EP 156 DI 10.1117/1.601154 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA WD106 UT WOS:A1997WD10600020 ER PT B AU Crowe, WM AF Crowe, WM BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Optimized optical morphological object classification SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition VIII CY APR 22-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB Morphological transformation provides a powerful, nonlinear means of quantitatively analyzing data sets such as images. This technique has traditionally been applied to feature location or feature removal, as in noise removal. However, the technique holds some promise for fast object classification. By viewing the transformation as a neural network, proven training techniques may be applied to optimize the performance. The critical step in applying morphology is the design of the structuring element or shape of the filter. By casting the problem as that of object classification and by properly defining error functions, neural network training techniques may be used to optimize performance. In addition, this view of the procedure as a neural network allows the generalization of the technique to include sequences of filters, which correspond to multiple layer neural networks. An optical architecture is being considered to implement a sequence of morphological transformations, taking into account known principles and limitations of the optics and of neural networks, in order to perform a complex object classification task. Then the corresponding morphological filter parameters will be optimized using neural network training techniques. RP Crowe, WM (reprint author), USA,MISSILE COMMAND,WEAPONS SCI DIRECTORATE,AMSMI,RD,WS,PL,REDSTONE ARSENAL,AL 35898, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2488-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3073 BP 119 EP 125 DI 10.1117/12.270357 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH52H UT WOS:A1997BH52H00013 ER PT B AU Mills, JA Sims, SRF AF Mills, JA Sims, SRF BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Experimental measurements of dynamic range requirements for cross correlation with synthetic discriminant functions SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition VIII CY APR 22-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers RP Mills, JA (reprint author), USA,MISSILE COMMAND,CTR RES DEV & ENGN,AMSMI,RD,MG,IP,REDSTONE ARSENAL,AL 35898, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2488-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3073 BP 214 EP 224 DI 10.1117/12.270367 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH52H UT WOS:A1997BH52H00022 ER PT B AU Taylor, TS Gregory, DA Erbach, PS Eckstein, TM AF Taylor, TS Gregory, DA Erbach, PS Eckstein, TM BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Turbulence simulation and optical processing through turbulent media SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition VIII CY APR 22-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB Experiments investigating the possibility of optical processing through turbulent media were investigated and a model for turbulence is discussed. A technique for creating an optical device to display the turbulence model real-time is introduced and atechnique for removing the turbulence is demonstrated. RP Taylor, TS (reprint author), USA,MISSILE COMMAND,REDSTONE ARSENAL,AL 35898, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2488-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3073 BP 404 EP 415 DI 10.1117/12.270389 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH52H UT WOS:A1997BH52H00042 ER PT S AU Homan, BE Vanderhoff, JA AF Homan, BE Vanderhoff, JA BE Cha, SS Trolinger, JD Kawahashi, M TI Absorption spectroscopy of RDX monopropellant flames: CN and NH concentrations SO OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY IN FLUID, THERMAL, AND COMBUSTION FLOW III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Technology in Fluid, Thermal, and Combustion Flow III CY JUL 28-31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Visualizat Soc Japan DE combustion diagnostic; propellant; uv-visible; absorption spectroscopy; multi-channel; RDX AB UV-visible multi-channel absorption spectroscopy has been used to probe the self-sustained combustion of pressed RDX (cyclo-trimethylene-trinitramine), a main energetic ingredient found in modem day propellants and explosives. The two dimensional feature of an intensified CCD detector allowed simultaneous recording of multiple, spatially distinct absorption spectra. Between 10 and 12 equally spaced absorption spectra with spatial resolution as small as 0.163 mm have been obtained during 1 ms exposure. The number of absorption spectra and the spatial resolution can easily be set by the detector software, size of the excitation sheet and the focal length of the collection lens. Temporal resolution in the UV region has been increased to 1 ms by pulsing the light source. A 0.54 joule pulse with a duration of 0.75 ms (FWHM) was added to a simmering Xenon are lamp for the measurement of combustion species. The increase in light intensity of 30 to 70 times the non-pulsed output provided the necessary light flux to achieve single pulse, multiple absorption spectra. To increase the species concentration sensitivity of the experiment, a triple pass optical arrangement was adopted. Partially silvered windows were installed at an angle to the beam providing for three passes across the sample. The corresponding path length was increased by a factor of 2.8 times the sample diameter. Least squares analysis of absorption spectra provide mole fraction profiles for OH, CN and NH along with temperature. Profiles for CN and NH have been determined for self-sustained combustion of RDX in 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 atm air. Peak CN mole fractions of about 200 ppm are observed at 1 atm pressue and the NH mole fraction is about a factor of two lower. As the pressure is increased the reactive CN and NH species peak closer to the combusing surface and reside over a smaller spatial extent. Peak concentrations drop for these higher pressures, but may be due, at least in part, to limitations of the spatial resolution of the absorption experiment. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Homan, BE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2594-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3172 BP 636 EP 645 DI 10.1117/12.293415 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK08W UT WOS:000071157200064 ER PT J AU Scheinerman, ER Tanenbaum, PJ AF Scheinerman, ER Tanenbaum, PJ TI Shrinkability of minimal elements in sphere representations of posets SO ORDER-A JOURNAL ON THE THEORY OF ORDERED SETS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE sphere (containment) order; circle order; planar graphs ID CIRCLE ORDERS; PLANAR GRAPHS AB Let k be a positive integer and let P = (X, less than or equal to) be a poset. We call P a k-sphere order provided there is a mapping f which assigns to each element x is an element of X a ball f(x) in R-k SO that x less than or equal to y in P if and only if f(x)subset of or equal to f(y). We ask: Given that P is a k-sphere order, does there necessarily exist a representation f with the property that every minimal element of P is assigned a ball of radius zero? The answer is ''yes'' for k = 1, but ''no'' for all k greater than or equal to 2. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT MATH SCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. USA,RES LAB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005. RI Scheinerman, Edward/A-3306-2010 OI Scheinerman, Edward/0000-0003-4124-7838 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8094 J9 ORDER JI Order-J. Theory Ordered Sets Appl. PY 1997 VL 14 IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1023/A:1005845423860 PG 8 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA XV386 UT WOS:A1997XV38600006 ER PT J AU Malis, DJ Burton, DM AF Malis, DJ Burton, DM TI Safe pediatric outpatient sedation: The chloral hydrate debate revisited SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pediatric-Otolaryngology CY MAY 27-30, 1995 CL DURANGO, CO SP Amer Soc Pediat Otolaryngol ID CHILDREN; CT; EFFICACY AB Diagnostic imaging in the pediatric patient frequently requires sedation. The use of chloral hydrate, the standard agent for many years, has recently come under severe scrutiny. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) published guidelines for the elective sedation of pediatric patients; however, compliance with the AAP guidelines is not compulsory. A review of the medical literature shows a wide range of medications used for pediatric sedation, along with a diversity in the protocols available for monitoring the cardiopulmonary status of the patient. When ordering computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans, pediatric otolaryngologists indirectly are exposing their patients to the sedation practices and monitoring protocols of their referral imaging center. A questionnaire regarding the sedation protocol for routine, outpatient, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans in children aged 5 years or younger was sent to staff radiologists at 36 pediatric medical centers throughout the United States. A Variety of sedation practices were elicited. The complete survey results are presented, including monitoring practices, complication, and success rates. Despite concerns about its safety, chloral hydrate remains a frequently used and safe method of pediatric outpatient sedation. C1 BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,OTOLARYNGOL HEAD & NECK SURG SERV,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 116 IS 1 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1016/S0194-5998(97)70352-8 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA WE761 UT WOS:A1997WE76100011 PM 9018258 ER PT B AU Chacko, AK Lollar, HW AF Chacko, AK Lollar, HW BE Horii, SC Blaine, GJ TI Proposal for an information revolution in imaging in healthcare - The dawn of the new millennium SO PACS DESIGN AND EVALUATION: ENGINEERING AND CLINICAL ISSUES - MEDICAL IMAGING 1997 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on PACS Design and Evaluation - Engineering and Clinical Issues, at the Medical Imaging 1997 Meeting CY FEB 25-28, 1997 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Assoc Physicists Med, Amer Physiol Soc, US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Natl Elect Manufacturers Assoc, Diagnost Imaging & Therapy Syst Div, Radiol Informat Syst Consortium, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Comp Applicat Radiol RP Chacko, AK (reprint author), BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,3851 ROGER BROOKE DR,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2446-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3035 BP 455 EP 461 DI 10.1117/12.274629 PG 7 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH98D UT WOS:A1997BH98D00055 ER PT J AU Gerwin, RD Shannon, S Hong, CZ Hubbard, D Gevirtz, R AF Gerwin, RD Shannon, S Hong, CZ Hubbard, D Gevirtz, R TI Interrater reliability in myofascial trigger point examination SO PAIN LA English DT Article DE myofascial pain syndrome; myofascial trigger point; muscle pain; interrater reliability; physical examination ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; FIBROMYALGIA; PRESSURE; QUANTIFICATION; DOCUMENTATION; TENDERNESS; PALPATION; CRITERIA AB The myofascial trigger point (MTrP) is the hallmark physical finding of the myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). The MTrP itself is characterized by distinctive physical features that include a tender point in a taut band of muscle, a local twitch response (LTR) to mechanical stimulation, a pain referral pattern characteristic of trigger points of specific areas in each muscle, and the reproduction of the patient's usual pain. No prior study has demonstrated that these physical features are reproducible among different examiners, thereby establishing the reliability of the physical examination in the diagnosis of the MPS. This paper reports an initial attempt to establish the interrater reliability of the trigger point examination that failed, and a second study by the same examiners that included a training period and that successfully established interrater reliability in the diagnosis of the MTrP. The study also showed that the interrater reliability of different features varies, the LTR being the most difficult, and that the interrater reliability of the identification of MTrP features among different muscles also varies. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT NEUROL,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. FITZSIMONS ARMY MED CTR,PHYS MED & REHABIL SERV,AURORA,CO 80045. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT PHYS MED & REHABIL,WASHINGTON,DC. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT PHYS MED & REHABIL,IRVINE,CA 92717. NATL CHENG KUNG UNIV HOSP,TAIPEI,TAIWAN. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT NEUROL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. SHARP HEALTHCARE,PAIN REHABIL SERV,SAN DIEGO,CA. CALIF SCH PROFESS PSYCHOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92121. RP Gerwin, RD (reprint author), PAIN & REHABIL MED,7830 OLD GEORGETOWN RD,SUITE C-15,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. NR 31 TC 272 Z9 277 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3959 J9 PAIN JI Pain PD JAN PY 1997 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1016/S0304-3959(96)03248-4 PG 9 WC Anesthesiology; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Anesthesiology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA WJ148 UT WOS:A1997WJ14800008 PM 9060014 ER PT J AU Kelejian, HH Robinson, DP AF Kelejian, HH Robinson, DP TI Infrastructure productivity estimation and its underlying econometric specifications: A sensitivity analysis SO PAPERS IN REGIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB In recent years researchers have considered a variety of regional models relating to infrastructure productivity. These models are often based upon overly simple econometric specifications and are typically formulated as if spatial interactions are absent. In this paper, we try to account for some of these shortcomings. We do this by considering spatial lags of certain independent variables, as well as of the dependent variable. We also consider spatial correlation of the error terms, general patterns of heteroscedasticity and of time series autocorrelation, and systems problems. Our results strongly suggest that regional infrastructure productivity involves spatial spillovers relating to both observable variables and error terms. They also suggest that corresponding coefficient estimates are very sensitive to model specifications. C1 USA, CORPS ENGINEERS, INST WATER RESOURCES, FT BELVOIR, VA 22060 USA. RP Kelejian, HH (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ECON, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. NR 23 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1056-8190 J9 PAP REG SCI JI Pap. Reg. Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 76 IS 1 BP 115 EP 131 PG 17 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Geography SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA XJ593 UT WOS:A1997XJ59300008 ER PT B AU Sullivan, G AF Sullivan, G BE Menges, CC TI Partnerships for innovation in the information age SO PARTNERSHIPS FOR PEACE, DEMOCRACY AND PROSPERITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Marshall Legacy Symposium on Partnerships for the Future CY JAN, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP White House, Washington, George Washington Univ, Dept Def, US, Natl Guard Bur C1 USA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS AMER PI LANHAM PA 4720 BOSTON WAY, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA BN 0-7618-0796-9 PY 1997 BP 189 EP 191 PG 3 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BK56P UT WOS:000072580000054 ER PT B AU Wellman, MC Srour, N Hillis, DB AF Wellman, MC Srour, N Hillis, DB BE Yonas, G TI Feature extraction and fusion of acoustic and seismic sensors for target identification SO PEACE AND WARTIME APPLICATIONS AND TECHNICAL ISSUES FOR UNATTENDED GROUND SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Peace and Wartime Applications and Technical Issues for Unattended Ground Sensors CY APR 22-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE acoustic target identification; feature extraction; acoustic and seismic sensor fusion; and shape statistics AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is developing an acoustic target classifier using a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) algorithm. Various techniques for extracting features have been evaluated to improve the confidence level and probability of correct identification. Some techniques used in the past include simple power spectral estimates (PSEs), split-window peak-picking, harmonic line association (HLA), principal component analysis (PCA), wavelet packet analysis,(1,2,3,4) and others. In addition, improved results have been obtained when data are combined from other sensors co-located with the acoustic sensor. A three-axis seismic sensor has been configured as part of an acoustic sensor array that ARL uses on typical field experiments, with data collected and sampled simultaneously. The PSE, HLA, and shape statistic feature data are extracted from a group of vehicles and then split into testing and training files. The training file typically consists of 75 percent of the data set, and the performance of the trained neural network is evaluated with the remaining test data. Cross-validation is performed with vehicle data collected at different times of day and under various conditions. Results of the neural network from a few of the feature extraction algorithms under evaluation and from the fusion of the acoustic and seismic sensor data are presented. RP Wellman, MC (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2496-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3081 BP 139 EP 145 DI 10.1117/12.280663 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ34Y UT WOS:A1997BJ34Y00015 ER PT J AU Allison, MA Dunn, CL Person, DA AF Allison, MA Dunn, CL Person, DA TI Acne fulminans treated with isotretinoin and ''pulse'' corticosteroids SO PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATING IMMUNE-COMPLEXES; BONE-LESIONS; ERYTHEMA-NODOSUM; TESTOSTERONE; STEROIDS; DISEASE; THERAPY AB Acne fulminans (AF) is a rare and severe form of acne that occurs almost exclusively in white adolescent boys. We report AF in a 16-year-old white boy developing 14 months after the onset of uncomplicated acne vulgaris. The symptomatology, etiology, treatment, and prognosis of AF are discussed. C1 TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT DERMATOL,HONOLULU,HI 96859. OI Allison, Matthew/0000-0003-0777-8272 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0736-8046 J9 PEDIATR DERMATOL JI Pediatr. Dermatol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 14 IS 1 BP 39 EP 42 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1470.1997.tb00425.x PG 4 WC Dermatology; Pediatrics SC Dermatology; Pediatrics GA WK800 UT WOS:A1997WK80000009 PM 9050763 ER PT J AU Bass, JW Vincent, HM Person, DA AF Bass, JW Vincent, HM Person, DA TI The expanding spectrum of Bartonella infections .1. Bartonellosis and trench fever SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE Bartonella; bartonellosis; trench fever ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; ROCHALIMAEA-QUINTANA; SP-NOV; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; COMB-NOV; HENSELAE; ENDOCARDITIS; PCR; SUSCEPTIBILITY RP Bass, JW (reprint author), TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HONOLULU,HI 96859, USA. NR 81 TC 45 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 16 IS 1 BP 2 EP 10 DI 10.1097/00006454-199701000-00003 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA WC701 UT WOS:A1997WC70100002 PM 9002093 ER PT S AU Gibson, PW Kendrick, CE Rivin, D Charmchi, M AF Gibson, PW Kendrick, CE Rivin, D Charmchi, M BE Stull, JO Schwope, AD TI An automated dynamic water vapor permeation test method SO PERFORMANCE OF PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, 6TH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Performance of Protective Clothing - Emerging Protection Technologies CY JUN 18-19, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm F23 Protect Clothing DE water vapor; diffusion; semipermeable membranes; mass transfer; textiles; test methods; laminates; permeation AB An automated apparatus to determine the steady-state and transient water vapor permeation behavior of fabrics and semipermeable laminates is described. Typical test results for representative types of fabrics and semipermeable membrane laminates are shown, as well as correlations between this test and two other water vapor permeability test methods. The use of the equipment to obtain dynamic data for transient situations is shown to be useful in observing equilibration behavior, and in characterizing temperature changes associated with vapor sorption phenomena. RP Gibson, PW (reprint author), USA,NATICK RES DEV & ENGN CTR,SOLDIER SYST COMMAND,NATICK,MA 01760, USA. RI Gibson, Phillip/D-2398-2010 OI Gibson, Phillip/0000-0002-6172-4438 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-2402-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1997 VL 1273 BP 93 EP 107 DI 10.1520/STP19896S PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA BJ84B UT WOS:A1997BJ84B00009 ER PT B AU McGehee, DD McKinney, JP AF McGehee, DD McKinney, JP BE Hebenstreit, G TI Tsunami detection and warning capability using nearshore submerged pressure transducers - Case study of the 4 October 1994 Shikotan Tsunami SO PERSPECTIVES ON TSUNAMI HAZARD REDUCTION: OBSERVATIONS, THEORY AND PLANNING SE ADVANCES IN NATURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Tsunami Symposium on Perspectives on Tsunami Hazard Reduction as Part of the XXI General Assembly of the IUGG CY JUL, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Tsunami Commiss, Int Assoc Seismol & Phys Earths Interior C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP McGehee, DD (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4811-7 J9 ADV NAT TECHNOL HAZ PY 1997 VL 9 BP 133 EP 143 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA BK12C UT WOS:000071241800009 ER PT J AU Genovese, RF Doctor, BP AF Genovese, RF Doctor, BP TI Behavioral comparison of the oximes TMB-4, 2-PAM, and HI-6 in rats using operant conditioning SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE 2-PAM; cholinesterases; bioscavenger; HI-6; operant behavior; oxime; rats; TMB-4 ID SCHEDULE-CONTROLLED BEHAVIOR; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; PRETREATMENT DRUGS; SOMAN TOXICITY; RHESUS-MONKEYS; PROTECTION; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; PHYSOSTIGMINE; TABUN AB It has recently been shown that oximes can amplify the ability of cholinesterases to scavenge organophosphorus (OF) agents. Since both OP agents and oximes can disrupt performance, behavioral evaluation of bioscavenger therapies using oximes can be hindered. Therefore, we investigated the ability of three oximes, administered alone, to disrupt performance. The effects of trimedoxime bromide (TMB-4) (3.16-56.2 mg/kg), pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM) (10.0-237.1 mg/kg), and, 1-([[4-amincarbonyl)pyridino]-methoxy]-methyl)-2,4- bis[(hydroxyimino)methyl] pyridinium dichloride monohydrate (HI-6) (10.0-237.1 mg/kg) were evaluated in rats using a variable-interval 56 (VI 56) s schedule of food reinforcement. Under control conditions, the VI 56 a schedule produced a constant rate of responding (i.e., lever-pressing). All three oximes produced dose-dependent decreases in responding, and the largest doses of TMB-4 and 2-PAM produced complete or nearly complete suppression of responding in all rats. Only the largest dose of HI-6 suppressed responding. Analysis of the dose-effect functions demonstrated that TMB-4 was substantially more potent than 2-PAM, which was slightly more potent than HI-6, for producing response suppression. These results establish doses of each oxime that will not contribute to disruption of responding, and thus, facilitate future evaluation of bioscavenger therapies against OP toxicity. C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV BIOCHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP Genovese, RF (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV NEUROSCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 56 IS 1 BP 139 EP 143 DI 10.1016/S0091-3057(96)00170-0 PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA WA251 UT WOS:A1997WA25100020 PM 8981621 ER PT B AU Tidrow, MZ AF Tidrow, MZ BE Brown, GJ Razeghi, M TI Simplified quantum well infrared photodetectors SO PHOTODETECTORS: MATERIALS AND DEVICES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photodetectors - Materials and Devices II CY FEB 12-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy DE QWIP; intersubband transition; conversion efficiency; high strain AB Quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIP) have been developed rapidly and large QWIP arrays with 256x256 and 640x480 elements have been demonstrated. But they all use quantum well structures that consist of 30 to 50 periods which have a relatively small conversion efficiency due to the small optical gain. In this paper, a high performance quantum well infrared photodetector consisting of only three quantum wells is presented which shows very large conversion efficiencies up to 29% at a bias voltage -0.8V and peak wavelength 8.5 mu m. A high strain two-stack, two-color QWIP consists of three wells in each stack is also presented here for MWIR and LWIR detection. The MWIR stack has employed 35% of indium in the InGaAs well which not only achieved peak wavelength at 4.3 mu m, but also obtained very high peak responsivity of 0.37A/W. RP Tidrow, MZ (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2410-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2999 BP 109 EP 117 DI 10.1117/12.271181 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BH75A UT WOS:A1997BH75A00013 ER PT B AU Crenshaw, ME Bowden, CM AF Crenshaw, ME Bowden, CM BE Samartsev, VV TI Local field effects in multicomponent media SO PHOTON ECHO AND COHERENT SPECTROSCOPY '97 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photon Echo and Coherent Spectroscopy 97 CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 1997 CL YOSHKAR-OLA, RUSSIA SP Russian Acad Sci, Russian Federat, Minist Gen & Special Educ, Russian Federat, Minist Sci & Technol, Govt Mari El Republic, Russian Fund Fundamental Investigat, SPIE Russia Chapter, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Russian Acad Nat Sci, Mari State Univ, E K Zavoisky Phys, Tech Inst DE local field; optical Bloch equations; multicomponent media AB At densities that are typical of condensed matter, a propagating electromagnetic field mediates interactions between polarizable constituents of a material in what is known as the local-field effect. Previous investigations of the local-field effect have been limited to a single polarizable component of a nonlinear material. For multicomponent media, we have found that the interaction of laser radiation with an optically nonlinear component of condensed matter is fundamentally altered by the presence of another polarizable component as a result of the local-field effect. Novel effects include local-field enhancement effects, local cooperative decays, and coherence transfer and coherence exchange processes. RP Crenshaw, ME (reprint author), USA,MISSILE COMMAND,WEAPONS SCI DIRECTORATE,MISSILE RES DEV & ENGN CTR,REDSTONE ARSENAL,AL 35898, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2677-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3239 BP 190 EP 195 DI 10.1117/12.287677 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJ74Y UT WOS:A1997BJ74Y00027 ER PT B AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, HE BE Hotaling, SP Pirich, AR TI Qubit decoherence SO PHOTONIC QUANTUM COMPUTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st SPIE Conference on Quantum Computation CY APR 23-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE quantum information processing; quantum computers; qubits; quantum decoherence; qubit devices; qubit persistence probability AB We first review the mathematical physics of quantum decoherence in generic single-qubit devices, including environmental interactions. Next, we formulate the persistence probability for a qubit device as the probability of measuring the qubit device in the unperturbed state without the decoherence arising from environmental interactions. The decoherence time can be obtained from the persistence probability. Drawing on recent work of Garg, and also Palma, Suomine, and Ekert, we apply the persistence probability formalism to a generic single-qubit device coupled to a thermal environment, and also apply it to a trapped-ion quantum register coupled to the ion vibrational modes. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2491-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3076 BP 51 EP 64 DI 10.1117/12.277661 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BJ22B UT WOS:A1997BJ22B00005 ER PT B AU Bowden, CM Dowling, JP Hotaling, SP AF Bowden, CM Dowling, JP Hotaling, SP BE Hotaling, SP Pirich, AR TI Quantum computing using electron-nuclear double resonances SO PHOTONIC QUANTUM COMPUTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st SPIE Conference on Quantum Computation CY APR 23-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE quantum computing; nuclear magnetic resonance; electron nuclear double resonance AB We consider the use of Electron-Nuclear Double Resonance (ENDOR) techniques in quantum computing. ENDOR resolution as a possible limiting factor is discussed. It is found that ENDOR and double-ENDOR techniques have sufficient resolution for quantum computing applications. RP Bowden, CM (reprint author), USA,MISSILE COMMAND,MISSILE RES DEV & ENGN CTR,AMSMI RD WS ST,WEAP SCI DIRECTORATE,REDSTONE ARSENAL,AL 35898, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2491-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3076 BP 173 EP 182 DI 10.1117/12.277657 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BJ22B UT WOS:A1997BJ22B00017 ER PT B AU McMillen, DK Hudson, TD Wagner, J Singleton, J Banerjee, PP Danileiko, A Yin, SH Wang, YJ Yu, FTS Darwish, A Aggarwal, MD He, KX Wang, JC AF McMillen, DK Hudson, TD Wagner, J Singleton, J Banerjee, PP Danileiko, A Yin, SH Wang, YJ Yu, FTS Darwish, A Aggarwal, MD He, KX Wang, JC BE Yu, FTS Yin, SZ TI Analysis of twelve specially doped lithium niobate crystals SO PHOTOREFRACTIVE FIBER AND CRYSTAL DEVICES: MATERIALS, OPTICAL PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photorefractive Fiber and Crystal Devices - Materials, Optical Properties, and Applications III CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE holography; lithium niobate; dopants; optical data storage; photorefractive AB Twelve lithium niobate crystals doped with Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ph, Tb, Fe:Ce, Fe:Cr, and Fe:Mn have been grown and tested. The transmission spectra and dark conductivity of the crystals are presented. Holograms have been written in each of the crystals with wavelengths from 457 nm to 671 nm. The quality and stability of the holograms vary dramatically among the crystals. The properties of the holograms and a comparison of sensitivities between the crystals will be discussed. RP McMillen, DK (reprint author), USA,MISSILE COMMAND,REDSTONE ARSENAL,AL 35898, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2559-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3137 BP 39 EP 49 DI 10.1117/12.279193 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ68L UT WOS:A1997BJ68L00005 ER PT J AU Arbogast, AF Scull, P Schaetzl, RJ Harrison, J Jameson, TP Crozier, S AF Arbogast, AF Scull, P Schaetzl, RJ Harrison, J Jameson, TP Crozier, S TI Concurrent stabilization of some interior dune fields in Michigan SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE aeolian sedimentation; dunes; soil; Great Lakes; Michigan ID LAKE-MICHIGAN; PODZOL DEVELOPMENT; SOIL DEVELOPMENT; BEACH-RIDGE; HOLOCENE; LEVEL; PODZOLIZATION; VARIABILITY; COLORADO; KANSAS AB Inland dunes occur over a large part of east-central lower Michigan, where they mantle glaciolacustrine and outwash surfaces that were exposed around 12,000 yrs. B.P. The dunes are parabolic, with northwest-oriented limbs, and occur in swampy landscapes, suggesting that paleoclimatic conditions at the time of their formation were much drier and possibly windier. In order to determine whether the dunes stabilized concurrently or randomly in time and space, surface soils were studied on 30 dunes in the area and quantitatively analyzed for relative differences. Soils data from the dunes indicate concurrent stabilization, following a period of regional mobilization of aeolian sand. Surface soils have formed by podzolization, in uniform parent materials, and are morphologically similar throughout the area. All the soils are weakly developed, with subtle variations on a A-E-Bs-BC-C horizonation sequence. Munsell colors of Bs horizons are remarkably uniform, with 27 of 30 sites exhibiting values of 4 and chromas of 6. Chemical data suggest that Fe and Al translocation has been uniform throughout the region. When compared with sails of known age in northwest lower Michigan, the data indicate that dunes in the region had stabilized at least by 4000 yrs. B.P., leaving an approximately 8000-yr. interval in which they could have formed. In contrast to the prevailing southwesterly winds of today, dune-forming winds were dominantly from the northwest. C1 USA,TOPOG ENGN CTR,DIRECTORATE OPERAT,TERRAIN ANAL CTR,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22315. US MIL ACAD,W POINT,NY 10996. RP Arbogast, AF (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOG,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 SN 0272-3646 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 18 IS 1 BP 63 EP 79 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XW718 UT WOS:A1997XW71800005 ER PT J AU Dutta, M Pamulapati, J Newman, PG Haetty, J Kioseoglou, G Petrou, A Schmiedel, T Hawrylak, P AF Dutta, M Pamulapati, J Newman, PG Haetty, J Kioseoglou, G Petrou, A Schmiedel, T Hawrylak, P TI Magnetically induced back transfer of electrons confined in wells to donor states in n-type modulation doped GaAs/AlAs quantum wells SO PHYSICS OF LOW-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Superlattices, Microstructures and Microdevices CY JUL 08-11, 1997 CL UNIV NEBRASKA, LINCOLN, NEBRASKA SP Univv Nebraska, Coll Engn, Ctr Mat Res & Anal HO UNIV NEBRASKA ID ALXGA1-XAS AB The photoluminescence spectra of n-type modulation doped GaAs/AlAs quantum wells with well width of 80 Angstrom exhibit a pronounced enhancement of the photoluminescence intensity associated with electrons at the Fermi energy. This enhancement is not observed in wider wells. The effect disappears when the temperature is raised above 70 K. The observed enhancement of the photoluminescence is attributed to the proximity of the Fermi energy to the donors in the AlAs barriers. When the l=1 Landau levels are tuned above the donor states, there is strong indication that electrons are transferred from the GaAs wells to the AlAs barriers. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Dutta, M (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU V S V CO. LTD PI MOSCOW PA BOX 11, 105523 MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0204-3467 J9 PHYS LOW-DIMENS STR JI Phys. Low-Dimens. Struct. PY 1997 VL 12 BP 103 EP 110 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YX418 UT WOS:000072038000016 ER PT J AU Stroscio, MA AF Stroscio, MA TI Tailoring of acoustic and optical phonon modes in mesoscopic and nanoscale semiconductor structures: Engineering scattering rates SO PHYSICS OF LOW-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Superlattices, Microstructures and Microdevices CY JUL 08-11, 1997 CL UNIV NEBRASKA, LINCOLN, NEBRASKA SP Univv Nebraska, Coll Engn, Ctr Mat Res & Anal HO UNIV NEBRASKA ID FREESTANDING QUANTUM-WELL; LASERS; WIRES; SUPERLATTICES; RELAXATION; ELECTRONS; REDUCTION; EMISSION AB This paper discusses the concept of tailoring deformation potential, piezoelectric, and polar-optical-phonon scattering in zero-, one-, and two-dimensional elements of mesoscopic and nanoscale structures through the control of acoustic and optical phonon amplitudes via the engineering of phonon modes in such structures. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Stroscio, MA (reprint author), USA, Res Off, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU V S V CO. LTD PI MOSCOW PA BOX 11, 105523 MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0204-3467 J9 PHYS LOW-DIMENS STR JI Phys. Low-Dimens. Struct. PY 1997 VL 12 BP 145 EP 154 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YX418 UT WOS:000072038000022 ER PT J AU Bergmann, ES Leitner, W Brtko, J Boeckl, O Thalhamer, J AF Bergmann, ES Leitner, W Brtko, J Boeckl, O Thalhamer, J TI The effect of antigen stimulation on splenic transplants SO PHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE splenic autotransplantation; immunohistology; flow-cytometry; antigen stimulation; proliferation ID DIFFERENT IMPLANTATION SITES; IMMUNOARCHITECTURE; NECROSIS; TRAUMA; RAT AB The present paper deals with the regeneration of splenic tissue after autologous transplantation. Control and transplanted rats (60 days after operation (10(6) cells per injection). The effect of a primary response was studied by a single injection, long-lasting bacteraemia was imitated by 5 injections in weekly intervals. Spleens and transplants were investigated by flow-cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the proliferation activity and the specific antibody production against Escherichia coli proteins were tested. Flow-cytometric analysis showed altered behaviour of T-helper cells and B-cells in transplants following a primary response, whereas in the multiple injection group a difference between the splenic and transplant response was restricted to macrophages and MHC II+ cells. The results of the morphometric analysis revealed that the cellular composition of unstimulated transplants was very similar to that of the spleen with some subtle alterations. Only the marginal zone showed more striking differences concerning the homing of several cell classes. Under stimulatory conditions, these subtle alterations became more drastic so that CD5+ cells, B-cells and macrophages responded in an abnormal manner in both groups. The analysis of thymidine kinase disclosed decreased activity in the spleen after weekly antigen stimulation. The stimulation index of all transplant groups was significantly lower than that of the spleen. The specific antibody (IgG) production after a single immunization was highest in the transplant group. All groups responded after the multiple challenge. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that splenic transplants differs in several, but subtle aspects from normal splenic tissue. The main reason for most of these alterations may be a slightly misguided recirculation and/or homing of cells. C1 SALZBURG UNIV, DEPT BIOCHEM, INST CHEM & BIOCHEM, A-5020 SALZBURG, AUSTRIA. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR, WALTER REED ARMY INST RES, DEPT IMMUNOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20307 USA. SLOVAK ACAD SCI, INST EXPT ENDOCRINOL, BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA. LUDWIG BOLTZMANN INST EXPT SURG, SALZBURG, AUSTRIA. RI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/B-3548-2011; Leitner, Wolfgang/F-5741-2011; Thalhamer, Josef/E-5787-2011 OI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/0000-0002-8571-8956; Leitner, Wolfgang/0000-0003-3125-5922; Thalhamer, Josef/0000-0003-2285-6400 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACAD SCIENCES CZECH REPUBLIC, INST PHYSIOLOGY PI PRAGUE 4 PA VIDENSKA 1083, PRAGUE 4 142 20, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0862-8408 EI 1802-9973 J9 PHYSIOL RES JI Physiol. Res. PY 1997 VL 46 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA WQ503 UT WOS:A1997WQ50300002 PM 9728514 ER PT B AU Friedl, KE AF Friedl, KE BE Kinney, JM Tucker, HN TI Variability of fat and lean tissue loss during physical exertion with energy deficit SO PHYSIOLOGY, STRESS, AND MALNUTRITION: FUNCTIONAL CORRELATES, NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Physiology, Stress, and Malnutrition CY JUN 09-13, 1996 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS RP Friedl, KE (reprint author), USA,OPERAT MED RES PROGRAM,MED RES & MAT COMMAND,FT DETRICK,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA E WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19105 BN 0-397-58763-5 PY 1997 BP 431 EP 450 PG 20 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology GA BJ32N UT WOS:A1997BJ32N00022 ER PT B AU Bloemer, MJ Haus, JW AF Bloemer, MJ Haus, JW BE Goldstein, DH Chipman, RA TI Polarizing properties of silver/glass nanocomposites SO POLARIZATION: MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, AND REMOTE SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization - Measurement, Analysis, and Remote Sensing CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE polarizer; optical constants; nanocomposite; waveguide; thin film AB The absorption of visible light by metal colloids provides beautiful colored glass for aesthetic as well as practical purposes. Since the metal particles dispersed in the colloid have diameters much smaller than the wavelength of light, on the order of 10nm, the elastic scattering cross section is negligible. In typical colloidal solutions the metal particles are approximately spherical and therefore the optical constants are isotropic. Some metal/glass nanocomposites such as RG6 Schott glass contain nonspherical metal particles but the orientation of the particles in the host is random, In order to obtain a polarizing nanocomposite, the nonspherical metal particles must be aligned along a common axis. A fabrication technique based on ultrathin metal deposition has been found to provides the necessary size, shape, and orientation of the metal particles for highly anisotropic optical constants in the visible and near-IR. The measured absorption spectra of the films are analyzed by Maxwell-Garnett theory. The nanocomposite films have extinction coefficients that vary by 2 orders of magnitude depending on the polarization of the incident light. These metal nanocomposite films are useful for micro-optic and waveguide polarizers. RP Bloemer, MJ (reprint author), USA,MISSILE COMMAND,CTR RES DEV & ENGN,WEAPONS SCI DIRECTORATE,AMSMI,RD,WS,CM,REDSTONE ARSENAL,AL 35898, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2543-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3121 BP 426 EP 433 DI 10.1117/12.278985 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BJ78K UT WOS:A1997BJ78K00045 ER PT B AU Burke, LW Irwin, ES Faulstich, R Newnham, CE Scholey, N AF Burke, LW Irwin, ES Faulstich, R Newnham, CE Scholey, N BE Attewell, A Keily, T TI High-g power sources for the US Army's HSTSS programme SO POWER SOURCES 16: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN NON-MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL POWER SOURCES SE POWER SOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Power Sources Symposium - Research and Development in Non-Mechanical Electrical Power Sources CY APR 21-23, 1997 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND SP Int Power Sources Symp Ltd DE lithium-ion secondary batteries; applications/weapons AB Under the Hardened Subminiature Telemetry and Sensor System (HSTSS) programme, the US Army has been developing gun-hardened telemetry devices and subsystems for the testing of smart weapon systems. These devices will be able to withstand accelerations in excess of 100 000 g and radial accelerations in excess of 25 000 g. Under this programme, rechargeable lithium-ion polymer battery technology and primary lithium/manganese dioxide technology are being developed for ballistic telemetry applications. To date, prototypes of these batteries have survived accelerations well over 100 000 g. This report provides the current status of these developments and reviews battery designs and testing regimes. RP Burke, LW (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-20509-8 J9 POWER SOUR PY 1997 VL 16 BP 263 EP 270 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BH75D UT WOS:A1997BH75D00041 ER PT S AU Gebhart, DL Hale, TA AF Gebhart, DL Hale, TA GP INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC TI Evaluation of dust control agents at Fort Campbell, Kentucky SO PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE 28 - INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION SE INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION - PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference 28 of the International-Erosion-Control-Association on Erosion Control and the Environment - Working in Harmony CY FEB 25-28, 1997 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Hydro Blanket, N Amer Green, Amer Excelsior Co, Earth Sci Div AB Wheeled and tracked vehicle operation on dry, unsurfaced roadways creates tremendous amounts of dust as soil particles are dislodged and carried into the atmosphere through wind action. Numerous products have been developed for controlling dust on unsurfaced roadways, but very little data exists from replicated, large scale field experiments designed to evaluate their effectiveness, durability over time, and cost. To assist installation public works, environmental, and natural resources managers in selecting durable and cost effective dust control products, a research/demonstration project on unsurfaced roadways at Fort Campbell was initiated during the spring of 1996. Products evaluated included 38% calcium chloride, proprietary polyvinyl acrylic emulsion, soybean processing by-products, and an untreated control. At Fort Campbell, each dust control product was applied to recently graded segments of unsurfaced roadways according to manufacturers recommendations. This arrangement was repeated three times, allowing for statistical inferences to be drawn from the dust control data. Dust control data were collected at monthly intervals following product application. Levels of dust control associated with each product and the untreated control were evaluated using dust collection pans and photographic images captured immediately preceding and at five seconds after controlled vehicle traffic. Data were evaluated using analysis of variance and products ranked in order of effectiveness using mean separation procedures. Cost and performance data suggest that calcium chloride provided good levels of dust control for periods exceeding 90 days. Conversely, polyvinyl acrylic emulsion and soybean processing by-products were exhibiting deterioration after 60 days, especially on road surfaces completely covered with limestone aggregates. C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Labs, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. RP Gebhart, DL (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Labs, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC PI STEAMBOAT SPRINGS PA PO BOX 4904, STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, CO 80477 USA SN 1092-2806 J9 IECA P CONF PY 1997 VL 28 BP 377 EP 384 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BK89G UT WOS:000073814300033 ER PT B AU Pate, JW AF Pate, JW GP SOC EXPTL MECH TI Dynamic testing of a highway bridge SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE - IMAC, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Modal Analysis Conference - Current Horizon for Structural Damage Detection (IMAC) CY FEB 03-06, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB Artificial excitation of large civil structures requires bulky equipment in the field. In most cases, this becomes a logistical problem. Ambient excitation would be preferred if the resultant modal data were of comparable quality. Ambient excitation in this paper refers to vehicle traffic since the civil structures under consideration are highway or rail bridges. The modal test described in this paper was designed to compare mode shapes obtained by impact excitation and a controlled ambient excitation. A method of extracting valid modal frequencies and mode shapes from cross spectral data is then presented. RP Pate, JW (reprint author), USA,WHITE SANDS MISSLE RANGE,APPL ENVIRONM TEST BRANCH,STEWS MTD AA,WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE,NM 88002, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-912053-53-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3089 BP 2028 EP 2037 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BH25Y UT WOS:A1997BH25Y00295 ER PT B AU Grenn, MW AF Grenn, MW BE Boom, H Robinson, C Rutten, W Neuman, M Wijkstra, H TI Recent advances in portable infrared imaging systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 18TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOL 18, PTS 1-5 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual International Conference of IEEE Engineering-in-Medicine-amd-Biology-Society CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 1996 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc DE infrared; thermal imagers; uncooled; medical; multispectral; radiometric; sensitivity; fusion; lasers; combat casualty care AB Significant progress in the manufacturing of photovoltaic HgCdTe and InSb, Schottky barrier PtSi, uncooled ferroelectrics and microbolometers, and quantum well infrared detector technologies has occurred over the last 5 years, enabling system developers to obtain high quality staring infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPAs) at a reasonable cost. Recently developed portable IR imagers using 256x256 and 320x240 staring IRFPAs have achieved thermal sensitivity unmatched by systems typically used for medical studies in the past. Cooled staring systems weighing less than 3 pounds have demonstrated thermal sensitivity below .020 degrees C, more than a factor of 10 improvement over comparably packaged first generation serially scanned systems. The use of high quantum efficiency (QE) staring IRFPAs offers design flexibility and performance tradeoffs that until recently were impractical. Portable cooled staring systems operating in the short(1-2.5 micron),medium(3-5 micron), anti long (8-12 micron) wavelength IR spectral bands provide excellent image quality at nominal video frame rates. Staring systems can be tailored to maintain sensitivity at high frame rates and over narrow spectral bandwidths. The medical benefits associated with high sensitivity thermal imaging, calibrated radiometric imaging, wavelength and time resolved spectrometry, and realtime sensor fusion have not been fully explored. An uncooled head mounted thermal imager (HMTI) weighing 1.25 pounds is being developed by the US Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate to assist in combat casualty care and confined environment search and rescue. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Grenn, MW (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-3812-X J9 P IEEE EMBS PY 1997 VL 18 BP 2083 EP 2084 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BK41A UT WOS:000072079001007 ER PT B AU Zamani, K del Grande, N Bonner, M Marino, M AF Zamani, K del Grande, N Bonner, M Marino, M BE Boom, H Robinson, C Rutten, W Neuman, M Wijkstra, H TI Digital dual band infrared imaging in assessment of nitrogen mustard injury in skin SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 18TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOL 18, PTS 1-5 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual International Conference of IEEE Engineering-in-Medicine-amd-Biology-Society CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 1996 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc DE digital dual band infrared imaging; mustard injury; skin exposure; non-destructive evaluation; war gases AB Digital Dual-Band Infrared Imaging (DDBII) is a non invasive technique for speedy examinations of skin contamination/injury due to mustard exposure. In preliminary studies, live pig skin was exposed to nitrogen mustard (HN2) which was used as a surrogate agent for sulfur mustard. Thirty minute exposures of pig skin to HN2 produced visible erythema after a couple of hours, while the vehicle only (ethanol) treated spots remained unchanged. On the other hand, DDBII examination of the agent and vehicle treated spots, starting at 20 minutes with follow up readings at 1.5, 3, 6 and 22 hours post exposure, revealed a general cooling of the HN2 treated areas. At 22 hours a transient heat stress challenge failed to produce the expected normal flush in HN2 treated areas, indicating a possible lack of sympathetic response, the mechanism of which needs to be elucidated. DDBII was able to detect mustard contamination/injury prior to the clinical manifestations. This makes DDBII a promising technique for evaluating the efficacy of prophylactic drug candidates for mustards. DDBII also has the potential for use in evaluation of exposure to mustards in the field with on-site or remote, real time evaluations. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Pharmacol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Zamani, K (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Pharmacol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Zamani, Kaveh/A-9182-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-3812-X J9 P IEEE EMBS PY 1997 VL 18 BP 2099 EP 2100 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BK41A UT WOS:000072079001015 ER PT S AU Burchett, BT Costello, MF AF Burchett, BT Costello, MF GP AMER AUTOMAT CONTROL COUNCIL TI Optimal output feedback using dyadic decomposition SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American Control Conference CY JUN 04-06, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB The literature is replete with methods to numerically compute the gain matrix for optimal output feedback controllers. Inherent to the vast majority of these methods is the solution of necessary conditions for optimality. This work presents a fundamentally different numerical scheme for computing Ha optimal output feedback controllers. The method is based on a direct and analytic solution to the cost function using dyadic decomposition. Analytic solutions for the first and second derivatives of the cost function with respect to gain matrix elements are written in compact form allowing efficient solution using robust second order Newton-Raphson optimization. Using a flight control example, the method is exercised and compared to other optimal output feedback methods. RP Burchett, BT (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,DEPT CIVIL ENGN & MECH,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-3833-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 1997 BP 1447 EP 1452 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29B UT WOS:A1997BJ29B00310 ER PT B AU Pierce, DE Kim, Y Vig, JR AF Pierce, DE Kim, Y Vig, JR GP IEEE TI A temperature insensitive quartz microbalance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY MAY 28-30, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc, USA CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ, US AB Dual mode excitation of the fundamental mode and third overtone c-modes of an SC-cut quartz resonator allows highly accurate resonator self-temperature sensing over wide temperature ranges. SC-cut resonators are also thermal transient compensated. These unique properties allowed the development of a temperature compensated microbalance which is highly sensitive to mass changes, which can be used in rapidly changing thermal environments, over wide temperature ranges, and which requires no temperature control. To demonstrate the performance of this microbalance, SC-cut resonators were coated with thin polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) photoresist films and then placed into a UV-ozone cleaning chamber which was initially at about 20 degrees C. When the UV lamp was turned on, the UV-ozone removed PMMA from the surfaces while the chamber temperature rose to about 60 degrees C. The frequency changes due to mass changes could be accurately determined, independently of the frequency changes due to temperature changes. RP Pierce, DE (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,NATL RES COUNCIL,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3729-8 PY 1997 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1997.638518 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ96F UT WOS:A1997BJ96F00006 ER PT B AU Pastore, R Kosinski, JA Porter, WN Cui, HL AF Pastore, R Kosinski, JA Porter, WN Cui, HL GP IEEE TI Design of a selectable performance front-end filter using acoustic surface waves SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY MAY 28-30, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc, USA CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ, US AB The design of a selectable performance front-end filter using acoustic surface waves is currently underway. The filter is being designed to allow for selectable center frequency and bandwidth, ideally while maintaining 3 dB insertion loss. This paper explains the theory of operation of the device, and discusses how the critical design goals map into an acoustic surface wave implementation. RP Pastore, R (reprint author), USA,COMMUN ELECT COMMAND,TI,IE,RD,AMSEL,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3729-8 PY 1997 BP 858 EP 866 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1997.639203 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ96F UT WOS:A1997BJ96F00124 ER PT B AU Dropkin, H Ly, C AF Dropkin, H Ly, C GP IEEE TI Superresolution for scanning antenna SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 IEEE NATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE National Radar Conference CY MAY 13-15, 1997 CL SYRACUSE, NY SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, IEEE, Syracuse Sect, IEEE, Mohawk Valley Sect AB The MUSIC algorithm has been used widely in radar applications with spatially distributed sensor arrays. In those applications, the algorithm depends on the phase relations of the returned signal at different target pointing angles, Accordingly, many people believe that with a single narrow-beam antenna that is step-scanned in angle, the MUSIC algorithm cannot be used to superresolve target positions within the main beam, because there is no phase shift due to the scanning of the beam, This paper presents the application of the MUSIC algorithm to a scanning antenna that generates a nonuniform sensor vector, We call this application Scan MUSIC (SMUSIC). The simulation results with the SMUSIC algorithm for the spatial resolution of closely-spaced targets with a stepped-scan radar in the presence of Gaussian distributed noise are presented. RP Dropkin, H (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3732-8 J9 RADAR CONF PY 1997 BP 306 EP 308 DI 10.1109/NRC.1997.588326 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ19U UT WOS:A1997BJ19U00057 ER PT S AU Gupta, N Dahmani, R AF Gupta, N Dahmani, R GP IEEE IEEE TI Acousto-optic sensing and imaging for biomedical applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 19TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOL 19, PTS 1-6: MAGNIFICENT MILESTONES AND EMERGING OPPORTUNITIES IN MEDICAL ENGINEERING SE PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference of the IEEE Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 1997 CL CHICAGO, IL SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc, Natl Inst Hlth AB Recent advances in acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) technology and signal processing algorithms implemented therein offer the potential for designing instruments with computer-controlled, rapid, frequency-agile tuning over a large optical wavelength range. We are testing a number of AOTF spectrometers and cells in our laboratory for application in remote sensing and imaging of chemical and biological agents using absorption, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopic techniques. In particular, an imaging experiment is described that is being set up in our laboratory using one of the two AOTF cells: a low-resolution visible cell (400-900 nm) and a high resolution UV-Visible cell (255-800 nn). The details of this experiment and the AOTF cells are presented. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gupta, N (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Gupta, Neelam/B-8702-2013 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1094-687X BN 0-7803-4262-3 J9 P ANN INT IEEE EMBS PY 1997 VL 19 BP 702 EP 703 PN 1-6 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BM91F UT WOS:000080103400201 ER PT S AU Grenn, MW AF Grenn, MW GP IEEE IEEE TI Performance of portable staring infrared cameras SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 19TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOL 19, PTS 1-6: MAGNIFICENT MILESTONES AND EMERGING OPPORTUNITIES IN MEDICAL ENGINEERING SE PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference of the IEEE Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 1997 CL CHICAGO, IL SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc, Natl Inst Hlth DE infrared; staring; thermal; imaging; uncooled; medical; spectral; radiometric; spectrometer; fusion; performance AB The availability of high quality MWIR and LWIR staring infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPAs) has enabled system manufacturers to develop portable imaging systems with thermal resolution less than .020 Kelvin at standard video frame rates. These staring IRFPA systems exceed the performance of portable serially scanned systems used in medical studies prior to mid 1980 by more than a factor of 10. High quantum efficiency staring IRFPAs maintain sensitivity over narrow spectral bandwidths and at high frame rates, enabling the development of portable imaging spectrometers from the SWIR to the LWIR. The medical benefits of using high performance staring IRFPA systems for radiometric imaging, spectrally and temporally resolved imaging, and multisensor fusion have not been fully explored. A variety of portable packages are available from the industry, each containing unique design features that impact sensor performance, usability, size, weight, and power consumption. The performance of cooled and uncooled portable staring infrared cameras is presented, including temporal and spatial noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD), minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD), and stability. C1 USA, CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Grenn, MW (reprint author), USA, CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1094-687X BN 0-7803-4262-3 J9 P ANN INT IEEE EMBS PY 1997 VL 19 BP 708 EP 711 PN 1-6 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BM91F UT WOS:000080103400203 ER PT S AU Scanlon, MV AF Scanlon, MV GP IEEE IEEE TI Acoustic sensor pad for physiological monitoring SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 19TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOL 19, PTS 1-6: MAGNIFICENT MILESTONES AND EMERGING OPPORTUNITIES IN MEDICAL ENGINEERING SE PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference of the IEEE Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 1997 CL CHICAGO, IL SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc, Natl Inst Hlth AB The Army Research Laboratory has developed an acoustic sensor pad technology that is useful for combat casualty care and soldier performance monitoring. Heartbeats, breaths, motion, and other physiological sounds relating to injured and uninjured soldiers can be detected, transmitted, and analyzed for diagnostic purposes. The acoustic sensor pad is a fluid-filled bladder with a hydrophone that couples well to the soldier's torso. Since the human body is mostly water, the pad acts as a fluid extension of the body to form an acoustical conduit to a sensitive hydrophone within the pad that detects body sounds. The sensing pad can be a hand-held version for the field medic or doctor, or a tone-sized pad incorporated into casualty transport hardware such as litters or gurneys. Acoustic analysis of the sensor-pad output can provide amplitude, phase, frequency, duration, rate, and correlative information that may be useful for medical diagnosis, patient care, and research. Data collected with prototype devices show excellent signal-to-noise ratios for heart and breath sounds; such devices could be used in the field to detect conditions such as irregular heartbeats, cardiac distress, obstructed airways, sucking chest wounds, fluid in the lungs, or other respiratory and circulatory emergencies. Joint time-frequency Fourier analysis of sensor output shows that human cardiopulmonary function contains infrasonic (sounds below 20 Hz) signals, which cannot be heard with human ears, but may be useful for medical diagnostics. If soldiers were equipped with small monitoring sensor pads with transmit capability to carry in contact with the torso, squad performance level could be assessed, or those missing in action could be medically interrogated from a remote location for heart and breathing sounds. The technology can also be used to monitor operators of vehicles or aircraft, and initiate appropriate safely actions in the event of sudden incapacitation resulting from weapons fire, heart attack, or blackout. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Scanlon, MV (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1094-687X BN 0-7803-4262-3 J9 P ANN INT IEEE EMBS PY 1997 VL 19 BP 747 EP 750 PN 1-6 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BM91F UT WOS:000080103400213 ER PT S AU Gupta, N Dahmani, R AF Gupta, N Dahmani, R GP IEEE IEEE TI AOTF spectrometer for water pollutant monitoring SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 19TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOL 19, PTS 1-6: MAGNIFICENT MILESTONES AND EMERGING OPPORTUNITIES IN MEDICAL ENGINEERING SE PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference of the IEEE Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 1997 CL CHICAGO, IL SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc, Natl Inst Hlth AB The requirement for providing the soldier with clean drinking water is of utmost importance to the Department of Defense. A new joint: services project has been initiated to carry out the research and development needed to find an experimental method suitable for this task. One of the techniques identified for this purpose is Raman spectroscopy, which provides highly reliable spectral signatures for chemicals and can be used as fingerprints for their identification. We at the Army Research Laboratory have been working on the development of a small, field-portable, rugged, high-resolution, high-sensitivity spectrometer that can be used in a very compact setup to carry out Raman spectral measurements for the detection of water pollutants. The spectrometer has been used to measure Raman spectra of nerve agent simulants. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gupta, N (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1094-687X BN 0-7803-4262-3 J9 P ANN INT IEEE EMBS PY 1997 VL 19 BP 751 EP 752 PN 1-6 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BM91F UT WOS:000080103400214 ER PT S AU Ginsberg, MD Kumar, PR AF Ginsberg, MD Kumar, PR GP IEEE IEEE TI The throughput of closed queueing networks with multiple loops SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 36TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 10-12, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE Controls Syst Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci AB For closed queueing networks containing multiple closed routes or loops, we obtain bounds on the throughputs as a function of population size. With fixed population fractions in each loop, these functional bounds are obtained by solving four linear programs and yield bounds on the performance as a function of total population size. C1 USA, CERL, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Ginsberg, MD (reprint author), USA, CERL, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0191-2216 BN 0-7803-4187-2 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 1997 BP 4074 EP 4079 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BK43K UT WOS:000072164400798 ER PT B AU Freeman, DJ Haun, RE AF Freeman, DJ Haun, RE GP PURDUE UNIV TI Plasma arc destruction of hazardous military wastes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 51ST INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONFERENCE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Industrial Waste Conference CY MAY 06-08, 1996 CL PURDUE UNIV, W LAFAYETTE, IN SP Purdue Univ, Continuing Educ, Sch Civil Engn, Indiana Dept Environm Management, Indiana Dept Nat Resources, Indiana Environm Management Board, Purdue Univ, Indiana Pollut Prevent & Safe Mat Inst, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Indiana Sect, Amer Water Works Assoc, Indiana Sect, Indiana State Board Hlth, Indiana Stream Pollut Control Board, Indiana Water Pollut Control Assoc HO PURDUE UNIV RP Freeman, DJ (reprint author), USA,ARMAMENT RES DEV & ENGN CTR,PICATINNY ARSENAL,NJ 07806, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANN ARBOR PRESS, INC PI CHELSEA PA 121 SOUTH MAIN STREET, CHELSEA, MI 48118 BN 1-57504-052-2 J9 PROC IND WASTE CONF PY 1997 BP 141 EP 154 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH42A UT WOS:A1997BH42A00016 ER PT B AU Shattuck, LG Woods, DD AF Shattuck, LG Woods, DD GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Communication of intent in distributed supervisory control systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB Distributed supervisory control systems are characterized by remote supervisors who work through multiple local actors to control a dynamic process. Coordination normally occurs through the use of predetermined plans and procedures. However, these plans and procedures can be underspecified and brittle when an actor is confronted with an unanticipated situation. In these instances, the local actor must adapt the plan in a manner consistent with the intent of the remote supervisor. This research investigated the communication of intent in military C2 systems by using a mixed-fidelity simulation. US army battalion commanders and subordinate company commanders developed operations orders using their standard planning procedures. Anomalies were introduced that forced them to rely on the senior commander's intent rather than the written plan. In spite of an embedded procedure for communicating intent in the military domain, in most instances, company commanders failed to follow their battalion commander's intent. Explanations for the poor performance and method's for imparting presence and communicating intent are discussed. Implications of the study extend to other types of distributed supervisory control systems in which machine agents can function as either remote supervisor or local actor. RP Shattuck, LG (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 259 EP 263 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00059 ER PT B AU Johnson, RF Merullo, DJ AF Johnson, RF Merullo, DJ GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Psychological mood profiles of army, marine corps, and special operations forces personnel SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB Elite male athletes have been portrayed as possessing positive mental health. On standardized measures of mood, they typically score below average on tension, depression, ; anger, fatigue, and confusion while they score above average on vigor. This mood pattern has been labeled the ''iceberg profile'' because scores on unhealthful moods fall below the adult norm, while scores on the healthy mood, vigor, fall above the norm. The elite athlete's iceberg profile of moods is generally regarded as a result of physical training and competition. In this study, mood profiles of male military personnel were measured, U.S. Army soldiers and U.S. Marines both exhibited a flattened iceberg profile, scoring no higher than average on the positive mood vigor. In contrast, Special Operations Forces, who are noted for adherence to very demanding exercise routines, exhibited the iceberg profile typical of the elite male athlete: they had a higher than normal vigor score and lower than normal tension, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion scores. RP Johnson, RF (reprint author), USA,ENVIRONM MED RES INST,NATICK,MA 01760, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 594 EP 598 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00131 ER PT B AU Harper, WH Knapik, JJ dePontbriand, R AF Harper, WH Knapik, JJ dePontbriand, R GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Equipment compatibility and performance of men and women during heavy load carriage SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB This study examined the relative load-carrying ability of men and women. Nineteen male and fifteen female soldiers carried loads of 18, 27, and 36 kg during individual voluntary maximal speed 10-km road marches. Measures included march times, pre-post-march vertical jump and grenade throw, and a post-march questionnaire about equipment compatibility. The major findings were that the average march rates for both male and female soldiers in all load conditions were faster than the rates published in U.S. Army field manuals. This suggests that the test subjects were within the published zone of acceptable performance. Men completed the marches an average of 21% faster than the women. Women reported more problems with the shoulder straps, fit of the waist belts, and the fit and stability of the backpack. Data suggest that at least a portion of the gender differences in march rate may be explained by equipment problems reported by the women. RP Harper, WH (reprint author), USA,HUMAN RES & ENGN DIRECTORATE,RES LAB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 604 EP 608 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00133 ER PT B AU Knapik, J Hickey, C Ortega, S Nagel, J dePontbriand, R AF Knapik, J Hickey, C Ortega, S Nagel, J dePontbriand, R GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Energy cost of walking in four types of snowshoes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB Four Marines walked on snow at 4 km/h with four types of snowshoes. Grade of the terrain was about 2.4% and the Marines walked once downhill and once uphill with each snowshoe. Expired respiratory gases (for energy cost measures) and heart rates were collected continuously. The Pride and Military Standard models had a lower energy cost than the Montana model and tended to have a lower cost than the British model, Correlations between snowshoe mass/surface area ratios and energy cost were 0.81 and 0.72 on the uphill and downhill portions of the course, respectively. Data suggested several design characteristics may be favorable from an energy cost perspective: 1) a foot hinge-and-binding system that allows the snowshoe to be dragged across the snow, 2) an upturned front that pushes snow away and allows a more horizontal displacement of the snowshoe during locomotion, and 3) a lower mass to surface area ratio. RP Knapik, J (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,HUMAN RES & ENGN DIRECTORATE,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 702 EP 706 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00154 ER PT B AU Christ, RE AF Christ, RE GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Span of command and control in US army organizations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB An important aspect of designing any organization is the concept of span of command and control (SOCC). No where is this situation clearer than in military organizations. This paper describes research designed to examine the relationship between factors that have been identified as affecting the effectiveness of SOCC and the difficulty of command and control in Army organizations. The project team interviewed 11 Army General officers regarding issues involving SOCC during operations that occurred in unconventional environments and 44 officers from Captain to Lieutenant General regarding war fighting operations. The interviews were structured around seven factors: Task Characteristics, Organizational Structure, Complexity of the Environment, History or Unit Contiguity, Technological Innovation, Individual Differences, and External Organizations. The data collected consisted of the comments made during the interviews, the results of a content analysis of those comments, and, for war fighting operations only, ratings on the impact of each factor on the difficulty of command and control. Both sets of data were examined as a function of the respondent's position in the organizational hierarchy and the type of unit to which the respondent was assigned. The results show an interacting effect of SOCC factor, echelon, and type of unit on the difficulty of command and control. A report, in preparation, will summaries these results and present conclusions and recommendations for organizing Army units based on the results. RP Christ, RE (reprint author), USA,RES INST,SCI RES OFF,FT HOOD,TX, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 734 EP 738 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00160 ER PT B AU BirkmirePeters, DP Whitaker, LA Peters, LJ AF BirkmirePeters, DP Whitaker, LA Peters, LJ GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Usability testing for telemedicine systems: A methodology and case study SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB This paper presents the conceptual framework and methodology that has been developed to perform usability evaluations of commercially available equipment for use in telemedicine applications. Specifically, the three components of the evaluation methodology, namely, technical acceptability, operational effectiveness, and clinical appropriateness, are described. This methodology was used to evaluate commercially available video-otoscope systems for use in a store-and-forward teleconsultation project. RP BirkmirePeters, DP (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 792 EP 796 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00172 ER PT B AU Letowski, TR Ricard, GL Greives, JE AF Letowski, TR Ricard, GL Greives, JE GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI The effect of the XM45 gas mask and hood on directional hearing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB We measured listeners' directional sensitivity for narrow bands of noise and for speech recognition while they were wearing the XM45 gas mask and hood and compared it to normal free-field listening. Bekesy tracking was used to measure absolute hearing thresholds for 1/3 octave bands of noise centered at 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz. and masked intelligibility thresholds for speech were measured using the Modified Rhyme Test. Both the noise and speech signals were presented from loudspeakers located at azimuths of 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees, and 180 degrees. The mask and hood significantly elevated noise-band thresholds for those bands centered at 1.0 kHz and above. Sensitivity to masked speech was increased by over 12 dB by lateral loudspeaker placement, and wearing a gas mask and hood reduced this gain by 80 percent. These results document a loss of auditory spatial awareness that has not been apparent from previous studies of speech intelligibility while wearing chemical protective equipment. RP Letowski, TR (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 864 EP 867 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00187 ER PT B AU Haas, EC Gainer, C Wightman, D Couch, M Shilling, R AF Haas, EC Gainer, C Wightman, D Couch, M Shilling, R GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Enhancing system safety with 3-D audio displays SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB The enhancement of multiple radio communications can be an important system safety consideration. This study was conducted to determine how accurately helicopter pilots could process radio communications information in a simulated cockpit environment when the messages were presented under different modes (diotic, dichotic and 3-D audio). The dependent variable was the total number of points scored in the radio communications identification task. Subjects were Il certified U.S. Army AH-64 pilots between the ages of 18 and 35 who possessed hearing and visual acuity within thresholds acceptable to the U.S. Army (U.S. Army, 1989). Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that presentation mode was significant. Pilots scored the greatest number of points in the identification task while using 3-D audio, fewer with dichotic presentation, and the least with dietic presentation. There was a statistically significant difference between the 3-D and the dietic presentation. The data imply that 3-D audio provides an effective mode of message presentation in systems with multiple radio communications. RP Haas, EC (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 868 EP 872 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00188 ER PT B AU Mullins, LL Fatkin, LT Chatterton, R AF Mullins, LL Fatkin, LT Chatterton, R GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Salivary amylase as a field-practical measure of stress SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB This demonstration describes a non-invasive method of quantitatively measuring physiological stress in a field or laboratory setting. The method uses salivary amylase, collected using a sponge. Measurement of amylase in saliva involves chemical color changes according to standard photometric procedures developed through a collaborative research effort between Northwestern University and the Army Research Laboratory Army Research Laboratory (Chatterton, Vogelsong, Lu, Ellman, & Hudgens, 1996). RP Mullins, LL (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 894 EP 894 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00194 ER PT B AU Braithwaite, MG Durnford, SJ AF Braithwaite, MG Durnford, SJ GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI A novel flight instrument display to minimize the risk of spatial disorientation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB This novel flight instrument display presents information to the pilot in a simple and easily comprehensible format by integrating the five orientational flight parameters (aircraft attitude, airspeed, altitude, rate of climb or descent and aircraft heading). It allows the pilot to select specific orientation parameters and then follow a simple tracking task which ensures that these parameters are maintained or, if necessary, recovered. Our assessment of the display in a UH-60 helicopter simulator showed that the novel display makes recovery from unusual aircraft attitudes and instrument flying more accurate, and easier than when using a standard instrument panel. The display will be demonstrated. RP Braithwaite, MG (reprint author), USA,AEROMED RES LAB,FT RUCKER,AL, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 897 EP 897 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00197 ER PT B AU Glumm, MM Grynovicki, JO Waugh, JD AF Glumm, MM Grynovicki, JO Waugh, JD GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Gunner performance in a motion environment: A comparison of controls SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB This paper describes a study designed to quantify the effects of vehicular induced motion on tank gunner performance using two different control handles. One control was a fixed yoke that incorporated a thumb-operated, tracking button. The second control was a more conventional displacement yoke which functioned like that in the current M1A1 tank. The study was conducted on a ride motion simulator which had been programmed to impart four levels of ride motion. These ride levels were simulations of the M1 tank traveling over various test courses at Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Generally, as vertical acceleration increased, performance decreased for both controls; however, the vertical accelerations imparted to the gunners at the more severe ride levels effected a greater reduction in time on target when gunners used the thumb button than the accelerations did when gunners used the displacement yoke. Performance using the thumb button was also more affected by target motion. RP Glumm, MM (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 1056 EP 1060 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00231 ER PT B AU Mirabella, A Moses, FL AF Mirabella, A Moses, FL GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Challenges to assessing distributed interactive simulation for training SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB The advent of Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) brings with it new issues and resulting challenges for evaluating the training experience from the user's perspective, particularly during formative development. At least some of the traditional principles and rules which have held for individual and collective training may not apply. This paper will explore some of the conditions which pose special challenges to evaluation of DIS training. Underlying these conditions is the mushrooming of complexity as training moves from single site to multi-site, multi-service DIS. One issue is discrepant perceptions of training value across sites and Services. Another is the need to tailor measurement instruments to accommodate site-specific characteristics. The paper will propose some ways to address these issues, based on results of an assessment of user reactions to the Multi-Service Distributed Training Testbed (MDT2) program of research. RP Mirabella, A (reprint author), USA,RES INST BEHAV & SOCIAL SCI,ALEXANDRIA,VA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 1200 EP 1202 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00264 ER PT B AU Swami, A Sadler, B AF Swami, A Sadler, B GP IEEE COMP SOC TI TDE, DOA and related parameter estimation problems in impulsive noise SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP ON HIGHER-ORDER STATISTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Signal Processing Workshop on Higher-Order Statistics CY JUL 21-23, 1997 CL BANFF, CANADA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, USN, Off Naval Res AB We address the problem of time-delay estimation (TDE) and direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation in the presence of symmetric alpha-stable noise. We show that these problems can be handled by conventional correlation or cumulant based techniques, provided that the noisy signals are first passed through a generic zero-memory non-linearity. This pre-processing is also useful in the detection context. We also address the problem of blind linear system identification, where the input is an lid alpha-stable process; we show that consistent estimates of the possibly non-minimum phase ARMA parameters can be obtained by using self-normalized correlations and cumulants. Theoretical arguments are supported by simulations. RP Swami, A (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,AMSRL IS TA,2800 POWDER MILL RD,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8006-7 PY 1997 BP 273 EP 277 DI 10.1109/HOST.1997.613530 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJ29F UT WOS:A1997BJ29F00055 ER PT B AU Gutierrez, AW AF Gutierrez, AW GP 1996 INT SYMP LAB AUTOMAT & ROBOT TI Automated immersion testing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LABORATORY AUTOMATION AND ROBOTICS 1996 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics (ISLAR 96) CY OCT 20-23, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA AB An intelligent robotic work cell has been developed to perform immersion testing of polymer composite test specimens. Immersion testing involves measuring weight changes of the composite specimens as a function of the time that they are immersed in water at a particular temperature. The robot automatically handles test specimens, operates equipment, and measures the amount of water absorbed by each specimen. Traditionally immersion testing is a labor intensive procedure that involves a repetitive sequence of operations such as transferring liquids, blotting and weighing specimens, measuring specimen thickness, and recording data. Through automation, the robot can handle many test specimens and immersion testing can be done 24 hours per day and 7 days per week. This continuity not only improves the accuracy and reproducibility of results, but can facilitate the production of an enormous amount of data. This quantitative information is required to assess environmental durability and to guide the specification, design, and manufacture of composite materials. RP Gutierrez, AW (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,WEAPONS & MAT RES DIRECTORATE,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ZYMARK CORP PI HOPKINTON PA ZYMARK CTR, HOPKINTON, MA 01748 BN 0-931565-14-6 PY 1997 BP 690 EP 698 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Automation & Control Systems; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BJ23J UT WOS:A1997BJ23J00089 ER PT S AU Fish, AM Zaretsky, YK AF Fish, AM Zaretsky, YK BE Chung, JS Frederking, RMW Saeki, H Bekker, AT TI Temperature effect on strength of ice under triaxial compression SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH (1997) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL II, 1997 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-97) CY MAY 25-30, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers DE ice; triaxial strength; temperature; strain rate AB A temperature model has been developed that describes the ice strength in a multiaxial stress state over a wide spectrum of negative temperatures, The model takes into account the anomalous behavior of ice under high hydrostatic pressure, when its strength reaches a maximum, and then gradually decreases with the pressure increase It has been shown that strength of ice under high hydrostatic pressure is described by an extended Drucker-Prager (parabolic) strength crite rion with only three fundamental parameters, ice cohesion, internal friction angle, and ice melting pressure, which all have a definite physical meaning and are functions of temperature, The model has been verified using test data on the strength of iceberg ice and laboratory-made polycrystalline freshwater ice under triaxial compression at strain rates between 10(-3) and 10(-5) s(-1) over the temperature range between -1 degrees C and -40 degrees C. RP Fish, AM (reprint author), USA, COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB, 72 LYME RD, HANOVER, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-30-3 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 1997 BP 415 EP 422 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Petroleum SC Engineering GA BJ14C UT WOS:A1997BJ14C00062 ER PT S AU Blaisdell, GL Richmond, PW Kaiser, FC Alger, RG AF Blaisdell, GL Richmond, PW Kaiser, FC Alger, RG BE Chung, JS Frederking, RMW Saeki, H Bekker, AT TI Development of a modern heavy-haul traverse for Antarctica SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH (1997) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL II, 1997 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-97) CY MAY 25-30, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers DE oversnow vehicles; Antarctica; glaciers; remote sensing; ground-penetrating radar; route evaluation AB An integrated, interdisciplinary study was completed to assess the feasibility of an oversnow route from McMurdo to the South Pole. Currently the only means of supplying the South Pole Station is by specialized aircraft. Air photo and satellite imagery were used extensively, along with ground-penetrating impulse radar (deployed from a helicopter) to make preliminary determinations of the suitability of glaciers in the Transantarctic Mountains for heavy tractor access from the Ross Ice Shelf to the polar plateau, These were followed by ground reconnaissance and data gathering. Modern traverse equipment was also developed and tested as part of this study, Tractor performance and terrain information were used to compare two potential traverse routes and to calculate delivered payload, fuel consumption, and travel time. RP Blaisdell, GL (reprint author), USA, COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB, 72 LYME RD, HANOVER, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-30-3 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 1997 BP 529 EP 536 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Petroleum SC Engineering GA BJ14C UT WOS:A1997BJ14C00081 ER PT S AU Dutta, PG AF Dutta, PG BE Puthli, RS Suga, Y Patrikalakis, N TI A micromechanical study of the freeze-thaw behavior of polymer composites SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH (1997) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL IV, 1997 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-97) CY MAY 25-30, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers DE composites; low temperature; thermal fatigue; thermal cracks; durability; cold regions; freeze-thaw, composite properties; composite design; polymer composites AB The essential quality of a good polymer composite is that the bond between the fiber and the matrix is well established and is continuous both around the fiber and along its length. When a load is applied in the direction of the fiber, the ratio of the load share depends on the relative elastic modulus of the fiber and the matrix. However, the elastic modulus of the polymer matrix is significantly influenced by the temperature. At low temperature the modulus of elasticity increases considerably, and thus load sharing changes between the fibers and the matrix. Also, because of the mismatch of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of matrix and fiber, the matrix is usually stretched in the fiber direction during curing, and develops internal tensile stress, interfacial shear stress, hoop stress, and radial stress. On further cooling during the freezing process, the magnitude of all these induced stresses would usually increase, developing potential microcracks. The change in the radial or clamping stress which controls the crack development and propagation (fracture) both across and along the fiber would also change the composite's fracture behavior in the low temperature regime. More complex stresses an developed when the composites are constructed as laminates with each lamina (layers of fibers) having fiber orientations different from the adjacent ones. Reductions of strength and modulus of composites, following freeze-thaw cycling, as evident in experimental results, support this micromechanical theory of composites degradation. RP Dutta, PG (reprint author), USA, COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB, 72 LYME RD, HANOVER, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-32-X J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 1997 BP 672 EP 676 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BJ14E UT WOS:A1997BJ14E00100 ER PT B AU Tezduyar, T Aliabadi, S Behr, M Guler, I Howard, A Ellis, M AF Tezduyar, T Aliabadi, S Behr, M Guler, I Howard, A Ellis, M BE Choi, CK Kwak, HG Yun, CB TI Parallel computing methods for free-surface flows SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTING IN CIVIL AND BUILDING ENGINEERING, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering (ICCCBE-VII) CY AUG 19-21, 1997 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Korea Res Fdn, Architect Inst Korea, Korea Soc Civils Engineers, Korea Airport Construct Author, Hyundai Engn & Construct Co, Korea Air ID SPACE-TIME PROCEDURE; MOVING BOUNDARIES; INTERFACES; STRATEGY AB We describe our finite element methods for parallel computation of unsteady free-surface how problems. The methods we discuss are the Deformable-Spatial-Domain/Stabilized Space-Time (DSD/SST) formulation, which is an interface-tracking technique, and the Enhanced-Discretization Interface-Capturing Technique (EDICT). Both methods are based on the stabilized finite element formulations which possess good stability and accuracy properties. C1 Univ Minnesota, USA, HPC Res Ctr, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. RP Tezduyar, T (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USA, HPC Res Ctr, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, 1100 Washington Ave S, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. RI Behr, Marek/H-5401-2011 OI Behr, Marek/0000-0003-4257-8276 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNO-PRESS PI TAEJON PA PO BOX 33, YUSONG, TAEJON 305-600, SOUTH KOREA BN 89-950042-0-7 PY 1997 BP 1617 EP 1624 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR55B UT WOS:000166751500256 ER PT B AU Jow, TR Zheng, JP AF Jow, TR Zheng, JP BE Delnick, FM Ingersoll, D Andrieu, X Naoi, K TI Hydrogen inserted ruthenium oxide as an electrode material for electrochemical capacitors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS II SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrochemical Capacitors II CY OCT 06-11, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Electrochem Soc Inc AB The electrochemical behavior of amorphous hydrous ruthenium oxide (RuO2 . xH(2)O) and crystalline anhydrous ruthenium oxide (RuO2) were investigated using the cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic methods. It was found that capacitors made of RuO2 . xH(2)O electrodes exhibited gas evolution and an increase of cell resistance. This was due to the fact that the potentials of the starting materials were close to the oxidative limit of the potential window. Hydrogen inserted ruthenium oxide with potentials near the center of the potential window were prepared using both electrochemical and chemical methods. It was demonstrated that capacitors made of hydrogen inserted ruthenium oxide exhibited high efficiency, high energy, and high power through a cycle life over 60,000 times. RP Jow, TR (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,PHYS SCI DIRECTORATE,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-125-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 96 IS 25 BP 26 EP 34 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BH33Z UT WOS:A1997BH33Z00003 ER PT B AU Zheng, JP Jow, TR AF Zheng, JP Jow, TR BE Delnick, FM Ingersoll, D Andrieu, X Naoi, K TI The influence of ion concentration in the electrolyte on the performance of double layer capacitors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS II SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrochemical Capacitors II CY OCT 06-11, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Electrochem Soc Inc AB Double layer capacitors made with activated carbon electrodes and different salt concentration of non-aqueous electrolytes have been studied. It was found that the performance of the capacitor is strongly dependent on the salt concentration in the electrolyte. For electrolytes with high salt concentrations, the maximum energy stored in the capacitor is limited by the capacitance of the electrode material. For electrolytes with low salt concentrations, the maximum operating voltage as well as the maximum energy decreases with decreasing salt concentration. It has been demonstrated from sc resistance measurements that the decay of the maximum energy is due to the depletion of free ions in the electrolyte. From the study of de charge and discharge cycles at different constant current rates, it was found that the power performance of the capacitor is also strongly dependent on the salt concentration in the electrolyte. RP Zheng, JP (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,PHYS SCI DIRECTORATE,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-125-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 96 IS 25 BP 280 EP 288 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BH33Z UT WOS:A1997BH33Z00027 ER PT S AU Hughes, WM Johnson, CD AF Hughes, WM Johnson, CD GP IEEE COMP SOC TI A new digital servo-tracking control theory using subspace stabilization techniques SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-NINTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 09-11, 1997 CL COOKEVILLE, TN SP Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Control Syst Soc, Tennessee Technol Univ, Ctr Mfg Res, Tennessee Technol Univ, Ctr Elect Power AB This paper presents a new theory for the design of digital servo-tracking controllers that can achieve a high-level of servo-tracking performance in the face of uncertain plant disturbances. This theory applies to multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) linear time-invariant systems subjected to multivariable, time-varying servo-commands and disturbances. RP Hughes, WM (reprint author), USA,MISSILE COMMAND,AMSMI,RD,TI,REDSTONE ARSENAL,AL 35898, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 0094-2898 BN 0-8186-7873-9 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 1997 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.1109/SSST.1997.581571 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BH39D UT WOS:A1997BH39D00004 ER PT S AU LeFevre, VC AF LeFevre, VC GP IEEE COMP SOC TI The design and implementation of a time-varying observer and an EMA controller for linear systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-NINTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 09-11, 1997 CL COOKEVILLE, TN SP Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Control Syst Soc, Tennessee Technol Univ, Ctr Mfg Res, Tennessee Technol Univ, Ctr Elect Power AB A method is developed for the design of a class of observers which will handle time-varying linear systems. The time-varying linear system is stabilized by steering the extended-mean values of all closed-loop ED-eigenvalues into the left-halfplane, so that bounded-input bounded-output stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed. This principle is analogous to the eigenvalue (pole) placement assignment idea used for time-invariant linear systems. The eigenvalues of the coefficient matrix of the observer can be placed arbitrarily. This method leans to a system of time-varying differential equations for the determination of the elements of the T matrix using the transformation z=Tx. The results presented are to be used as an alternative to frozen-time analysis of missile systems. However, the observer used in conjunction with the EMA controller provides a design which could be used to control any system governed by time-varying linear equations. RP LeFevre, VC (reprint author), USA,MISSILE COMMAND,REDSTONE ARSENAL,AL 35898, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 0094-2898 BN 0-8186-7873-9 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 1997 BP 297 EP 301 DI 10.1109/SSST.1997.581643 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BH39D UT WOS:A1997BH39D00057 ER PT B AU Dutta, M Shen, PH AF Dutta, M Shen, PH BE Chu, SNG Buckley, DN Wada, K Vilcot, JP Pletschen, W DeCoster, D VanDaele, P Hou, HQ TI Optical properties and nonlinear effects in strain engineered semiconductor heterostructures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-SEVENTH STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS (SOTAPOCS XXVII) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors (SOTAPOCS XXVII), at the 192nd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Electrochem Soc Inc, Electr Div AB In this paper we show that in addition to improving the performance of existing components, strain may be used to achieve greater functionality in novel optoelectronic devices. We give as examples three such devices that we have conceived and demonstrated, in the two areas of strain, lattice mismatch induced and thermal expansion coefficient mismatch induced. The higher performance and functionality in these devices demonstrate that strain engineered heterostructures are a very promising area for device research and development. RP Dutta, M (reprint author), USA,RES OFF,AMXRO EL,POB 12211,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-149-8 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 21 BP 91 EP 97 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BJ30W UT WOS:A1997BJ30W00009 ER PT B AU Cole, MW Han, WY Eckart, DW Jones, KA AF Cole, MW Han, WY Eckart, DW Jones, KA BE Buckley, DN Chu, SNG Hou, SQ Sah, RE Vilcot, JP Deen, MJ TI Ohmic contacts to III-V semiconductors: The relationship between interfacial microstructure and thermal treatment SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-SIXTH STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS (SOTAPOCS XXVI) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th State of the Art Program on Compound Semiconductors (SOTAPOCS XXVI) at the 191st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 04-09, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div AB Interfacial microstructure and elemental diffusion have been investigated as a function of thermal;treatment for Pt/Ti/Ge/Pd ohmic contacts to n and p(+)-GaAs for use in HBT's. A parallel study was conducted on p(+)-AlGaAs. Both material systems, GaAs and AlGaAs, demonstrated a strong correlation between the electrical measurements and the interfacial material properties. For GaAs, the min. rho(c), reached at similar to 400 - 450 degrees C, was accompanied by the presence of two interfacial phases; a PdGe phase and a Ga rich PdGaAs ternary phase. The ternary phase appears to be critical to contact formation on n-GaAs. For AlGaAs, the minimum rho(c) occurred at 600 degrees C and was accompanied by a laterally continuous two phase interfacial region, TiAs/Pd12Ga2Ge5. For both GaAs and AlGaAs the contacts electrical quality degraded at annealing temperatures >550 degrees C and >600 degrees C respectively, due to development of non-planar multi-compositional interfacial phases. The critical temperatures were higher in AlGaAs than GaAs due to the decreased out diffusion of As which is a result of the stronger Al-As bond. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-128-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 1 BP 91 EP 101 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BH73D UT WOS:A1997BH73D00012 ER PT B AU Dou, R Pruidze, DV Ricklin, JC Sivokon, VP Vorontsov, MA AF Dou, R Pruidze, DV Ricklin, JC Sivokon, VP Vorontsov, MA BE Bissonnette, LR Dainty, C TI Coherent optical processor for image quality metric measurement SO PROPAGATION AND IMAGING THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Propagation and Imaging through the Atmosphere CY JUL 29-31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE adaptive imaging systems; adaptive phase distortion suppression; coherent optical processing; speckle field AB Image quality metrics that can be obtained optically using coherent optical systems are discussed. Coherent optical processing to measure these image quality metrics includes several steps: (a) transformation of the image plane intensity distribution into a phase modulation of the coherent wave using a liquid crystal television; (b) diffraction of the phase modulated wave over a specified distance to enhance particular image spatial frequencies; (c) a secondary intensity-phase transformation; and (d) application of an image quality analyzer based on speckle field statistical properties. We present experimental results, along with corresponding numerical simulations, that demonstrate the effectiveness of these technique for adaptive correction of phase-distorted extended source images. RP Dou, R (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2547-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3125 BP 339 EP 343 DI 10.1117/12.287769 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BJ67Z UT WOS:A1997BJ67Z00033 ER PT J AU Platteborze, PL Mellott, JD Broomfield, CA Lockridge, O AF Platteborze, PL Mellott, JD Broomfield, CA Lockridge, O TI Insect larvae: A novel expression system for human butyrylcholinesterase SO PROTEIN ENGINEERING LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA,MED RES INST CHEM DEF,APG EA,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,EPPLEY INST,OMAHA,NE 68198. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0269-2139 J9 PROTEIN ENG JI Protein Eng. PY 1997 VL 10 SU S BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA XD832 UT WOS:A1997XD83200017 ER PT J AU Olson, MA AF Olson, MA TI Ricin A-chain structural determinant for binding substrate analogues: A molecular dynamics simulation analysis SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article DE ribosome-inactivating proteins; N-glycosidase; protein-RNA interactions; molecular recognition; simulated annealing ID RIBOSOME-INACTIVATING PROTEINS; N-GLYCOSIDASE ACTIVITY; RNA IDENTITY ELEMENTS; EUKARYOTIC RIBOSOMES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SITE; MECHANISM; TOXINS; SARCIN; MUTAGENESIS AB Ricin A-chain is a cytotoxic protein that attacks ribosomes by hydrolyzing a specific adenine base from a highly conserved, single-stranded rRNA hairpin containing the tetraloop sequence GAGA. Molecular-dynamics simulation methods are used to analyze the structural determinant for three substrate analogues bound to the ricin A-chain molecule. Simulations were applied to the binding of the dinucleotide adenyl-3',5'-guanosine employing the x-ray crystal structure of the ricin complex and a modeled CGAGAG hexanucleotide loop taken from the NMR solution structure of a 29-mer oligonucleotide hairpin. A third simulation model is also presented describing a conformational search of the docked 29-mer structure by using a simulated-annealing method. Analysis of the structural interaction energies for each model shows the overall binding dominated by nonspecific interactions, which are mediated by specific arginine contacts hom the highly basic region on the protein surface. The tetraloop conformation of the 29-mer was found to make specific interactions with conserved protein residues, in a manner that favored the GAGA sequence. A comparison of the two docked loop conformations with the NMR structure revealed significant positional deviations, suggesting that ricin may use an induced fit mechanism to recognize and bind the rRNA substrate. The conserved Tyr-80 may play an important conformational entropic role in the binding and release of the target adenine in the active site. Proteins 27:80-95 (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Olson, MA (reprint author), USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DEPT BIOCHEM & CELL BIOL,MOL MODELING LAB,BLDG 1425,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 37 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD JAN PY 1997 VL 27 IS 1 BP 80 EP 95 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0134(199701)27:1<80::AID-PROT9>3.0.CO;2-R PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA WF725 UT WOS:A1997WF72500009 PM 9037714 ER PT J AU Brandt, GT Norwood, AE Ursano, RJ Wain, H Jaccard, JT Fullerton, CS Wright, K AF Brandt, GT Norwood, AE Ursano, RJ Wain, H Jaccard, JT Fullerton, CS Wright, K TI Psychiatric morbidity in medical and surgical patients evacuated from the Persian Gulf War SO PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES LA English DT Article ID STRESS DISORDER; RESPONSES; INJURY AB Acute treatment records of all medical and surgical patients evacuated to Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, D.C., from the Persian Gulf theater (N = 161) were examined to better understand the relationship of injury to psychiatric symptoms. A total of 110 (68 percent) sustained a traumatic injury. They were significantly more likely to have an axis I disorder or psychiatric symptoms of concern than participants in the Persian Gulf War who did not sustain traumatic injuries but who were evacuated for medical conditions. The results indicate that traumatically injured veterans who are not injured and that they should be referred for psychiatric evaluation. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT PSYCHIAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP Brandt, GT (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PSYCHIAT,4301 JONES BRIDGE RD,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 1075-2730 J9 PSYCHIATR SERV JI Psychiatr. Serv. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 48 IS 1 BP 102 EP 104 PG 3 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA WA706 UT WOS:A1997WA70600023 PM 9117488 ER PT J AU Ader, DN Shriver, CD Browne, MW AF Ader, DN Shriver, CD Browne, MW TI Relationship of cyclical mastalgia to PMS SO PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,BETHESDA,MD 20814. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0033-3174 J9 PSYCHOSOM MED JI Psychosom. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 59 IS 1 BP 104 EP 104 PG 1 WC Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA WF121 UT WOS:A1997WF12100130 ER PT J AU Alley, RB Cuffey, KM Evenson, EB Strasser, JC Lawson, DE Larson, GJ AF Alley, RB Cuffey, KM Evenson, EB Strasser, JC Lawson, DE Larson, GJ TI How glaciers entrain and transport basal sediment: Physical constraints SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; LAKE-MICHIGAN LOBE; SURGE-TYPE GLACIER; STREAM-B; SUBGLACIAL DRAINAGE; BED DEFORMATION; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; DEBRIS ENTRAINMENT; HEINRICH EVENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Simple insights from the physics of ice, water and sediment place constraints on the possible sediment-transport behavior of glaciers and ice sheets. Because glaciers concentrate runoff, streams generated by glaciers transport much sediment and may erode bedrock rapidly. Deforming glacier beds also can transport much sediment, particularly in marginal regions. Rapid sediment entrainment producing thick debris-rich basal zones may occur by regelation into subglacial materials, and by freeze-on from rising supercooled waters. Numerous other mechanisms may be important but primarily near ice margins, especially those of advancing or fluctuating glaciers. Several sediment-entrainment mechanisms may be active beneath a single glacier, but one process is likely to be dominant at any place and time. Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Penn State Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Geol Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Anchorage, AK 99505 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Alley, RB (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ralley@essc.psu.edu NR 163 TC 175 Z9 176 U1 5 U2 43 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PY 1997 VL 16 IS 9 BP 1017 EP 1038 DI 10.1016/S0277-3791(97)00034-6 PG 22 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA YY579 UT WOS:000072162300006 ER PT B AU Mobley, SG Maier, MW AF Mobley, SG Maier, MW BE Trebits, R Kurtz, JL TI Synthetic aperture radar processing using a non-uniform pulse repetition interval SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology II CY APR 24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE synthetic aperture radar; non-uniform; pulse repetition interval; interpolation AB Due to recent development of the theory related to non-uniform Pulse Repetition Intervals (PRI) for pulse doppler radars, it has become feasible to combine the multiple pulse integration of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) with the temporal agility of non-uniform PRI's. This combination can bring to the traditional SAR system the benefits of both strong resistance to countermeasures and interception, and high sensitivity. A significant problem which much be addressed in synthetic aperture radars is the possible smearing of the azimuth dimension of the image due to doppler sidelobes which are too high. This issue is even more serious with a non-uniform PRI waveform. In a traditional SAR the sidelobes are controlled with signal processing techniques such as amplitude weighting. However, these simpler techniques are not adequate for non-uniform PRI waveforms, One method for increasing the sidelobe rejection capability of these waveforms requires the use of a processor which consists of time varying linear digital filters. One way to design such a filter is through the use of interpolation based techniques. RP Mobley, SG (reprint author), USA,MISSILE COMMAND,REDSTONE ARSENAL,AL 35898, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2481-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3066 BP 64 EP 73 DI 10.1117/12.276110 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ06X UT WOS:A1997BJ06X00007 ER PT B AU Nguyen, L Kapoor, R Sichina, J AF Nguyen, L Kapoor, R Sichina, J BE Trebits, R Kurtz, JL TI Detection algorithms for ultra-wideband foliage penetration radar SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology II CY APR 24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE ultra wideband radar; SAR; automatic target detection AB Army Research Laboratory (ARL), as part of its mission-funded exploratory development program, has been evaluating the use of a low-frequency, ultra-wideband (UWB) imaging radar to detect tactical vehicles concealed by foliage. An instrumentation-grade measurement system has been designed and implemented by ARL. Extensive testing of this radar over the preceding 18 months has led to the establishment of a significant and unique data base of radar imagery. We are currently using these data to develop target detection algorithms which can aid an operator in separating vehicles of interest from background. This paper provides early findings from the algorithm development effort. To date, our efforts have concentrated on identifying computationally simple strategies for canvassing large areas for likely target occurrences-i.e., prescreening of the imagery. Phenomenologically-sound features are being evaluated for discrimination capability. Performance assessments, in terms of receiver operating characteristics (ROC), detail detection capabilities at various false alarm rates. RP Nguyen, L (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 0 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2481-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3066 BP 165 EP 176 DI 10.1117/12.276105 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ06X UT WOS:A1997BJ06X00018 ER PT J AU Sliney, DH AF Sliney, DH TI Ultraviolet radiation effects upon the eye: Problems of dosimetry SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID ACTION SPECTRUM; UV-RADIATION; LIGHT; DAMAGE; EXPOSURE; CATARACT AB The acute phototoxic effect of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on the eye, photokeratitis (also known as snow blindness or welder's flash), has long been recognised. Less obvious are potential hazards to the eye from chronic exposure. Certain age-related changes to the cornea, conjunctiva and lens are also thought to be related to chronic exposure to solar UVR in certain climates. Determining ocular exposure can be quite difficult. There are many occasions where one views bright light sources such as the sun, are lamps and welding arcs, but normally only momentarily because of the aversion response to bright light and discomfort glare. During the past few decades guidelines for limiting UVR exposure to protect the eye have been developed. The guidelines were fostered to a large extent by the growing use of lasers and the quickly recognised hazard posed by viewing laser sources. To assess potential hazards, one must not only consider the optical and radiometric parameters of the optical source in question, but also the geometrical exposure factors. This knowledge is required to determine accurately the irradiances (dose rates) to exposed tissues. Thermal injury is rare unless the UV source is pulsed or nearly in contact with tissue. Generally, photochemical interaction mechanisms dominate in the UV spectrum where photon energies are sufficient to alter key biological molecules. A characteristic of photochemically initiated biological damage is the reciprocity of exposure dose rate and duration of exposure, and acute UV effects are therefore most readily observed for lengthy exposure durations of many minutes or hours. RP Sliney, DH (reprint author), USA,CTR HLTH PROMOT & PREVENT MED,LASER OPT RADIAT PROGRAMME,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 54 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1997 VL 72 IS 3-4 BP 197 EP 206 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YC314 UT WOS:A1997YC31400004 ER PT J AU Nghiem, SV Kwok, R Yueh, SH Gow, AJ Perovich, DK Kong, JA Hsu, CC AF Nghiem, SV Kwok, R Yueh, SH Gow, AJ Perovich, DK Kong, JA Hsu, CC TI Evolution in polarimetric signatures of thin saline ice under constant growth SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX-DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; SEA-ICE; MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; LAYERED MEDIA; BRINE; MODEL; SNOW; BACKSCATTER; SCATTERERS AB An experiment is carried out to measure polarimetric backscatter signatures at C band together with physical characteristics of thin saline ice grown at a constant rate under quiescent conditions. The objectives are to investigate the electromagnetic scattering mechanism in saline ice, to relate the polarimetric backscatter to ice physical characteristics, and to assess the inversion of ice thickness from backscatter data. Controlled laboratory conditions are utilized to avoid complicated variations in interrelated characteristics of saline ice and the environment. The ice sheet was grown in a refrigerated facility at the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. Growth conditions, thickness and growth rate, temperatures and salinities, and internal and interfacial structures of the ice sheet were monitored. Measurements indicate that the laboratory saline ice has characteristics similar to thin sea ice in the Arctic. A strong increase of 6-10 dB is observed in backscatter as the ice grows from 3 to 11.2 cm in thickness. Ice characteristics and processes suggest that the large enhancement in backscatter relates to the interconnection and increase in the size of brine inclusions during the desalination process. Polarimetric signatures calculated with a physically based sea ice model agree with backscatter data at incident angles from 20 degrees to 35 degrees over the thickness range of the ice growth. Furthermore, backscattering coefficients of the saline ice sheet are shown to be similar to airborne radar measurements of thin sea ice growing ina newly opened lead in the Beaufort Sea. For the inversion the large increase in backscatter indicates that the ice thickness is retrievable for thin ice grown under the conditions in this experiment. More complicated conditions should be considered in future experiments to study their effects on the retrieval of sea ice parameters. C1 USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,HANOVER,NH 03755. MIT,DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. MIT,ELECT RES LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP Nghiem, SV (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,CTR SPACE MICROELECT TECHNOL,MAIL STOP 300-325,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. RI Kwok, Ron/A-9762-2008 OI Kwok, Ron/0000-0003-4051-5896 NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 127 EP 151 DI 10.1029/96RS03051 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA WF147 UT WOS:A1997WF14700011 ER PT J AU Vanel, D Verstraete, KL Shapeero, LG AF Vanel, D Verstraete, KL Shapeero, LG TI Primary tumors of the musculoskeletal system SO RADIOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOFT-TISSUE MASSES; FIRST-PASS IMAGES; BONE-MARROW; PATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION; SIGNAL INTENSITY; EWING-SARCOMA; MRI; CONTRAST; BENIGN; LESIONS AB The excellent soft-tissue contrast and multiplanar imaging capabilities of MR imaging have led to its emergence as the most significant advance in the imaging of musculoskeletal tumors. MR imaging is the modality of choice for local staging, evaluating response to preoperative chemotherapy, and long-term follow-up in bone tumors. MR imaging is the most effective modality for both primary staging of soft-tissue malignancy and detecting recurrences. This article reviews the role of conventional spin echo techniques versus newer techniques, and then discusses the indications in the diagnosis, staging, evaluation of preoperative chemotherapy, and detection of recurrences in bone and soft-tissue tumors. C1 STATE UNIV GHENT HOSP,DEPT RADIOL & MAGNET RESONANCE,B-9000 GHENT,BELGIUM. USUHS,DEPT RADIOL,BETHESDA,MD. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT MUSCULOSKELETAL RADIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP Vanel, D (reprint author), INST GUSTAVE ROUSSY,DEPT RADIOL,39 RUE CAMILLE DESMOULINS,F-94805 VILLEJUIF,FRANCE. NR 48 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0033-8389 J9 RADIOL CLIN N AM JI Radiol. Clin. N. Am. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 35 IS 1 BP 213 EP & PG 26 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA WE099 UT WOS:A1997WE09900011 PM 8998216 ER PT B AU Magness, LS Kapoor, D Chung, M AF Magness, LS Kapoor, D Chung, M BE Mahidhara, RK Geltmacher, AB Matic, P Sadananda, K TI Flow and failure of tungsten composite penetrator materials in ballistic impacts SO RECENT ADVANCES IN FRACTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Recent Advances in Fracture, at the Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 10-13, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP ASM-MSD Flow & Fracture Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mech Met Comm, USA, Res Off, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div AB High-density alloys and composites are employed as the penetrator core materials in modern armor-piercing projectiles. The ballistic performances of these materials are functions of the stability of their plastic deformation during the penetration process. The superior penetration performance of uranium alloy penetrators can be attributed to the alloy's susceptibility to adiabatic shear failure. The deformation and failure behaviors of a number of different tungsten-based composites are categorized and compared via optical metallographic examinations of penetrators recovered from ballistic impacts. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Magness, LS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSON INT NURSING PUBLICATIONS PI NEW YORK PA 133 EAST 58TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA BN 0-87339-364-3 PY 1997 BP 183 EP 194 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK36J UT WOS:000071901900015 ER PT J AU Lipsky, RH Eckert, DM Tang, YL Ockenhouse, CF AF Lipsky, RH Eckert, DM Tang, YL Ockenhouse, CF TI The carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic domain of CD36 is required for oxidized low-density lipoprotein modulation of NF-kappa B activity by tumor necrosis factor-alpha SO RECEPTORS & SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION LA English DT Article DE CD36; oxidized LDL; nuclear factor-kappa B; tumor necrosis factor-alpha ID INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; FACTOR RECEPTOR; KINASE-ACTIVITY; HUMAN MONOCYTES; TNF-ALPHA; EXPRESSION; ACTIVATION; ADHESION AB The binding of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox LDL) by monocyte-macrophages causes pleiotropic effects, including changes in gene expression, and is thought to represent an early event in atherogenesis. The integral membrane glycoprotein CD36 appears to play a physiological role in binding and uptake of Ox LDL by monocyte-macrophages, although the molecular events associated with CD36-Ox LDL interaction are unknown. To approach this issue, we used CD36 transfected Chinese hampster ovary (CHO) cells, exposed them to Ox LDL, and determined changes in the activity of the transcription factor NF-kappa B. We report here that Ox LDL enhanced DNA binding activity of nuclear extracts to an NF-kappa B sequence following activation of CD36-producing CHO cells with the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). This enhanced DNA binding activity was inhibited by coincubation of CD36 transfected cells with the human CD36-specific antibody OKM5. We also determined that activation of NF-kappa B DNA binding activity required an intact carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic segment on CD36. Our results support the idea that human CD36 mediates signal transduction events in response to Ox LDL. C1 AMER RED CROSS,JEROME H HOLLAND LAB,DEPT BIOCHEM,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT IMMUNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PATHOL,BETHESDA,MD 20814. OI Lipsky, Robert/0000-0001-7753-1473 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL46447] NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 1052-8040 J9 RECEPT SIGNAL TRANS JI Recept. Signal Transduct. PY 1997 VL 7 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA XR512 UT WOS:A1997XR51200001 PM 9285527 ER PT J AU Musio, F Carome, MA Bohen, EM Sabnis, S Yuan, CM AF Musio, F Carome, MA Bohen, EM Sabnis, S Yuan, CM TI Effect of glycine on cisplatin nephrotoxicity and heat-shock protein 70 expression in the rat kidney SO RENAL FAILURE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE-RENAL-FAILURE; ISOLATED PROXIMAL TUBULES; NITRIC-OXIDE; HYPOXIC INJURY; AMINO-ACIDS; ALANINE; GLUTATHIONE; STRESS; LOCALIZATION; PROTECTION AB Glycine has been shown to protect against cisplatin (CP) nephrotoxicity in rats and to enhance the in vitro expression of heat-shock protein (hsp) 70 in renal epithelial cells following sublethal heat shock. We hypothesized that the protective effect of glycine against CP nephrotoxicity may be due to an upregulation of Hsp 70 protein expression. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 treatment groups based upon infusion of glycine and injection of CP or their respective vehicles. At 5 days after treatment animals administered CP alone demonstrated a significant decrease in creatinine clearance compared to baseline (0.77 +/- 0.32 mL/min vs. 3.90 +/- 0.87 mL/min, p < 0.05). Treatment with glycine and CP attenuated this response, with no significant decline seen in creatinine clearance at day 5 compared to baseline (2.25 +/- 0.31 mL/min vs. 3.40 +/- 0.86 mL/min). Semiquantitative histological study revealed a marked decrease in proximal tubular injury at the juxtamedullary and outer medullar, regions among animals treated with glycine and CP compared to those animals treated with CP alone. There were no differences in renal cortical and medullary Hsp 70 levels by Western immunoblotting between animals treated with glycine and CP compared to CP alone at 4 h and 5 days after treatment. Immunohistochemical studies of animals treated with CP alone revealed the diffuse presence of Hsp 70 in the cytoplasm of injured and necrotic proximal tubular cells 5 days after treatment. Animals receiving CP and glycine demonstrated a more focal presence of Hsp 70 restricted to injured proximal tubular cells, with no staining of uninjured cells. The protective effect of glycine in CP-induced acute renal failure in the rat does not appear to be associated with enhancement of Hsp 70 expression. RP Musio, F (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT MED,SERV NEPHROL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0886-022X J9 RENAL FAILURE JI Ren. Fail. PY 1997 VL 19 IS 1 BP 33 EP 46 PG 14 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA WG379 UT WOS:A1997WG37900004 PM 9044450 ER PT S AU Sturm, PF Schillen, JD Goodman, WW Polly, DM Thomas, MD AF Sturm, PF Schillen, JD Goodman, WW Polly, DM Thomas, MD BE Sevastik, JA Diab, KM TI The efficacy of single rod segmental instrumentation in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis SO RESEARCH INTO SPINAL DEFORMITIES 1 SE STUDIES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Biannual Meeting of the International-Research-Society-of-Spinal-Deformities CY JUN 16-19, 1996 CL HUDDINGE UNIV HOSP, HUDDINGE, SWEDEN SP Int Res Soc Spinal Deformities HO HUDDINGE UNIV HOSP RP Sturm, PF (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,CHILDRENS NATL MED CTR,DEPT ORTHOPAED SURG,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9630 BN 90-5199-308-0 J9 ST HEAL T PY 1997 VL 37 BP 439 EP 440 PG 2 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA BJ61R UT WOS:A1997BJ61R00099 ER PT J AU Schech, JM Alfaro, V Laughlin, RM Sanford, EG Briggs, J Dalgetty, M AF Schech, JM Alfaro, V Laughlin, RM Sanford, EG Briggs, J Dalgetty, M TI Intravenous gentamicin and ceftazidime in penetrating ocular trauma: A swine model SO RETINA-THE JOURNAL OF RETINAL AND VITREOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 14-19, 1995 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol ID COMBINED POSTERIOR CONTUSION; POSTTRAUMATIC ENDOPHTHALMITIS; PIG EYE; PREVENTION; ORGANISMS; INJURY AB Purpose: A swine model of ocular trauma was used to determine the extent of penetration of systematically administered gentamicin and ceftazidime to the vitreous cavity of traumatized and normal eyes. Methods: Forty-six pigs received a scleral laceration to the right eye and then underwent surgical repair, Thirty-six animals received intravenous gentamicin, and 10 pigs were given ceftazidime. Results: The level of gentamicin in the vitreous of traumatized and nontraumatized eyes did not achieve the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIG) for Pseudomonas and Haemophilus species despite multiple and large intravenous doses. Ceftazidime concentrations in traumatized eyes were above the minimum inhibitory concentration for these organisms. Conclusions: Ceftazidime achieves an intravitreal concentration 33 times the minimum inhibitory concentration of Haemophilus species and twice that of Pseudomonas species in traumatized eyes after systemic administration, a finding that lends support to its use as a prophylactic agent in the management of penetrating ocular trauma. Gentamicin does not appear to enter the traumatized eye at appreciable levels after systemic administration, and, therefore, it is not recommended for use as a prophylactic agent in the management of penetrating ocular trauma. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,BETHESDA,MD 20814. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60637. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0275-004X J9 RETINA-J RET VIT DIS JI Retin.-J. Retin. Vitr. Dis. PY 1997 VL 17 IS 1 BP 28 EP 32 DI 10.1097/00006982-199701000-00006 PG 5 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WR737 UT WOS:A1997WR73700006 PM 9051839 ER PT B AU Abbate, A Cox, JF Schroeder, SC Knight, B Frankel, J AF Abbate, A Cox, JF Schroeder, SC Knight, B Frankel, J BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Nondestructive evaluation of coatings SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 16A AND 16B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 28-AUG 02, 1996 CL BRUNSWICK, ME SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, US DOE, Ames Lab, FAA, NIST, Natl Sci Fdn, Ind Univ Cooperat Res Ctr Program RP Abbate, A (reprint author), USA,CTR DEV & ENGN,BENET LABS,WATERVLIET,NY 12189, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45597-8 J9 REV PROG Q PY 1997 VL 16 BP 1609 EP 1615 PN A&B PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BJ03K UT WOS:A1997BJ03K00210 ER PT B AU Abbate, A Frankel, J Reed, RW Das, P AF Abbate, A Frankel, J Reed, RW Das, P BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Ultrasonic gauging and wavelet image processing for wear and erosion mapping SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 16A AND 16B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 28-AUG 02, 1996 CL BRUNSWICK, ME SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, US DOE, Ames Lab, FAA, NIST, Natl Sci Fdn, Ind Univ Cooperat Res Ctr Program RP Abbate, A (reprint author), USA,BENET LABS,WATERVLIET,NY 12189, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45597-8 J9 REV PROG Q PY 1997 VL 16 BP 1831 EP 1838 PN A&B PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BJ03K UT WOS:A1997BJ03K00239 ER PT J AU Reardon, MJ Katz, LC Fraser, B AF Reardon, MJ Katz, LC Fraser, B GP SAFE ASSOC TI The effects of heat stress on UH-60 helicopter pilots SO SAFE - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-FIFTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM, SAFE ASSOCIATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Symposium of the SAFE Association CY SEP 08-10, 1997 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP SAFE Assoc AB A repeated measures study with 14 aviators flying simulated UH-60 helicopter mission profiles was recently performed at the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory to evaluate the effects of standard (MOPP0) and encumbered (MOPP4) aviator ensembles in cool (70 degrees F) and hot (100 degrees F) conditions. Average crew endurance was reduced from the fully completed mission time of 309 minutes in the standard-cool condition to 107 minutes in the encumbered hot condition. This was due to rapid increases in core temperature, progressive physical discomfort and psychological stress, and adversely affected mood. Calculated total body heat storage for the encumbered-hot condition was 1445 watts compared to 627 watts for the standard-hot condition. Heavy sweat rates while in the encumbered-hot condition (1523 cc/hr compared to 92.2 cc/hr during the standard-cool condition) led to significantly greater amounts of dehydration (2.5 percent compared to 0.2 percent during the standard-cool condition) over shorter periods of time. The results of this evaluation suggest that encumbered protective aviator night uniforms should be designed to be light weight and porous to allow efficient evaporation of sweat. Microclimate cooling should be considered for preventing excessive core temperature elevation when aviators wear occlusive protective ensembles in hot weather conditions. RP Reardon, MJ (reprint author), USA,AEROMED RES LAB,FT RUCKER,AL 36362, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAFE ASSOC PI YONCALLA PA 4995 SCOTTS VALLEY RD, PO BOX 490, YONCALLA, OR 97499-0490 PY 1997 BP 39 EP 45 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BJ88H UT WOS:A1997BJ88H00006 ER PT B AU Videen, G Hill, SC Pendleton, JD AF Videen, G Hill, SC Pendleton, JD BE Gu, ZH Maradudin, AA TI Green function for fluorescence from spherical particles located on a substrate SO SCATTERING AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Scattering and Surface Roughness CY JUL 30-31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE surface contamination; Green function; fluorescence AB Fluorescence or Raman emission can be used in characterizing particles inside or near a surface, e.g., a biological cell or spore on a filter, or a contaminant particle on a silicon wafer. Here we model the emission from a sphere on a surface. The internal fields in a sphere on a surface are known for plane-wave excitation. These fields induce dipole moments in molecules in the sphere. These oscillating dipoles are the sources of the incident radiation at the shifted frequency. The Green function for emission is found by using the reciprocity theorem for Green functions along with the internal fields generated by a plane wave at the shifted frequency. Reciprocity provides a simple method for obtaining the far fields for systems for which the near/internal fields are known for plane-wave excitation. RP Videen, G (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,2800 POWDER MILL RD,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2563-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3141 BP 294 EP 301 DI 10.1117/12.279241 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ67R UT WOS:A1997BJ67R00028 ER PT J AU Ballard, JN AF Ballard, JN TI Corps of engineers: Making strides for partners & customers SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article RP Ballard, JN (reprint author), USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20310, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 38 IS 1 BP 43 EP 44 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA WE084 UT WOS:A1997WE08400015 ER PT J AU Hagler, DB AF Hagler, DB BE Whitaker, AF ClarkIngram, M Hessler, SL TI The Green Missile Program SO SECOND AEROSPACE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE SE NASA CONFERENCE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Aerospace Environmental Technology Conference CY AUG 06-08, 1996 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP NASA, NASA Operat Environm Team, NASA, Off Space Flight, SAMPE Space Mfg Trust Comm, Aerosp Ind Assoc, Air Transport Assoc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Met Int, Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Ctr Mfg Sci, Univ Alabama Huntsville AB The Green Missile Program is a Tri-Service/DOE/EPA pollution prevention research effort to eliminate major sources of toxic/hazardous materials used in solid rocket propulsion systems. Based on regulatory impact an interagency team prioritized environmental research needs for solid propulsion systems. Three high priority research tasks were submitted and approved for FY 97 funding under the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). These tasks are: 1) elimination of lead in minimum smoke propellants; 2) elimination of HCl as a combustion product; and 3) minimization of solvents used in energetic oxidizer processing. RP Hagler, DB (reprint author), USA,MISSILE COMMAND,REDSTONE ARSENAL,AL 35898, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NASA PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON, DC 20546 J9 NASA CONF P PY 1997 VL 3349 BP 31 EP 34 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BJ47U UT WOS:A1997BJ47U00004 ER PT B AU Melvin, WS Starling, JP AF Melvin, WS Starling, JP BE Whitaker, AF ClarkIngram, M Hessler, SL TI Recovery and reuse of rocket propellants SO SECOND AEROSPACE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE SE NASA CONFERENCE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Aerospace Environmental Technology Conference CY AUG 06-08, 1996 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP NASA, NASA Operat Environm Team, NASA, Off Space Flight, SAMPE Space Mfg Trust Comm, Aerosp Ind Assoc, Air Transport Assoc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Met Int, Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Ctr Mfg Sci, Univ Alabama Huntsville AB This report describes ongoing process development efforts by the U.S. Army Missile Command (MICOM) to support environmentally safe rocket motor demilitarization demonstrations. This MICOM developed technology is used to recover valuable oxidizer and fuel ingredients from tactical and strategic class 1.1 and 1.3 solid propellants for recycle/reuse. The closed-loop demilitarization method employs liquid ammonia as the processing solvent for ingredient extraction and recovery. A pilot plant facility was designed and constructed in Magna, Utah to demonstrate this Army technology using Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) and Chaparral tactical solid rocket motors. In July 1996, the pilot plant successfully completed full scale MLRS propellant testing in a batch process mode at rates approaching 90 kg (200 lb.) per hour. The facility is currently being relocated to a permanent site at Redstone Arsenal, AL. Once the transition is completed, processing demonstrations using class 1.1 Chaparral rocket motors will be performed. Discussed in this report are process and design considerations defining the operation of the pilot plant facility. Critical equipment and system components for each unit operation are identified. Process descriptions of the integrated class 1.1/1.3 rocket motor demilitarization system involving propellant removal, ingredient extraction, binder separation, oxidizer recovery, and solvent regeneration are provided. Test results demonstrating the ability of energetic products recovered by this process to be recycled into other products, and future work plans to be performed in support of this program also are included. RP Melvin, WS (reprint author), USA,MISSILE COMMAND,CTR RES DEV & ENGN,PROP DIRECTORATE,REDSTONE ARSENAL,AL 35898, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NASA PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON, DC 20546 J9 NASA CONF P PY 1997 VL 3349 BP 193 EP 201 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BJ47U UT WOS:A1997BJ47U00024 ER PT J AU Alving, BM Krishnamurti, C AF Alving, BM Krishnamurti, C TI Recognition and management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and thrombosis SO SEMINARS IN THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Penner Blood Coagulation Conference CY JUN, 1996 CL KAMUELA, HAWAII DE thrombosis; heparin; thrombocytopenia; platelet factor 4; antibody ID OPEN-HEART-SURGERY; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; UNFRACTIONATED HEPARIN; RECOMBINANT HIRUDIN; PLATELET FACTOR-4; ANTIBODIES; COMPLEXES; ARGATROBAN; INHIBITOR; AUTOANTIBODIES AB An immune response to heparin, which is clinically manifested by the development of thrombocytopenia with or without thrombosis, is stimulated by a complex of heparin with platelet factor 4 (PF4). The primary thrombotic events in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) are more frequently venous than arterial. The development of antibodies, however, does not always result in thrombocytopenia or in catastrophic events. The antibodies, which are of the IgG, IgM, and IgA isotypes, can be easily measured by an ELISA that contains a complex of heparin-platelet factor 4 (PF4). Initial antibody formation can be greatly reduced by limiting the exposure to unfractionated heparin or by the use of low-molecular-weight heparin. For those patients who require anticoagulation and who have antibodies to heparin-PF4, danaparoid (Orgaran(TM)), a low-molecular weight heparinoid that does not react with the antibodies, is now commercially available; argatroban, a thrombin-specific inhibitor, can also be obtained for compassionate use. The use of these agents during anticoagulation with warfarin is preferable to the simple discontinuation of heparin and intitiation of warfarin, because the latter treatment can result in ongoing thrombosis. C1 Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Hematol & Vasc Biol, Washington, DC USA. RP Alving, BM (reprint author), Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Med, 110 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0094-6176 J9 SEMIN THROMB HEMOST JI Semin. Thromb. Hemost. PY 1997 VL 23 IS 6 BP 569 EP 574 DI 10.1055/s-2007-996138 PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 172RB UT WOS:000078937100013 PM 9469632 ER PT B AU Turner, J Koklauner, K AF Turner, J Koklauner, K BE Drummond, OE TI Synthetic environment technologies in STOW 97 SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 1997 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 1997 CY JUL 29-31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB The Synthetic Theater of War (STOW) is the major application of a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) thrust in Advanced Distributed Simulation (ADS). The STOW Program focuses on an Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration (ACTD) termed STOW 97 sponsored by DARPA with the United States Atlantic Command (USACOM). The successful implementation of STOW 97 technologies in November 1997 with the United Endeavor 98-1 Exercise will mark the full operational capacity of the USACOM Joint Training, Analysis and Simulation Center. To support ADS applications up to the Joint Task Force level, STOW seeks to develop and demonstrate technologies enabling the integration of war-fighting through virtual and constructive simulations fi om geographically distributed locations in a common synthetic battlespace. RP Turner, J (reprint author), USA,TOPOG ENGN CTR,SYNTHET ENVIRONM PROGRAM OFF,7701 TELEGRAPH RD,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22315, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2585-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3163 BP 466 EP 472 DI 10.1117/12.279519 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ90Z UT WOS:A1997BJ90Z00040 ER PT B AU Nguyen, EM Prasad, NR AF Nguyen, EM Prasad, NR BE Kadar, I TI Automatic resonant cancellation using genetic search SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition VI CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE genetic algorithms; tracking system; resonant frequency; system identification; notch filter AB Automation is the future trend for the target tracking systems of the Smart Munitions Test Suite (SMTS) at White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), Resonances often appear in electro-mechanical systems and tend to reduce the performance of the control tracking algorithms, Hence, automatic resonant cancellation is one of the algorithms that should be considered. Tn this paper the concept and implementation of automatic resonant cancellation using Genetic Algorithms (GAs) in conjunction with the system identification package and the notch filter developed by the DSP Control Group is presented A simple GA is used to search for the highest resonant peaks caused by imperfect coupling between motor and load. The search is guided try a fitness function which is the transfer function obtained from a system identification method. RP Nguyen, EM (reprint author), USA,NATL RANGE DEV DIRECTORATE,ADV SYST DIV,WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE,NM 88002, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2483-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3068 BP 308 EP 315 DI 10.1117/12.280809 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ39A UT WOS:A1997BJ39A00029 ER PT B AU Heckel, J Ganeshan, R Case, M Baskin, A AF Heckel, J Ganeshan, R Case, M Baskin, A GP IEEE COMP SOC TI The Virtual Workspace System (VWS): An enabling technology for collaborating engineering applications SO SIXTH IEEE WORKSHOPS ON ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES: INFRASTRUCTURE FOR COLLABORATIVE ENTERPRISES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE Workshops on Enabling Technologies - Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WET-ICE 97) CY JUN 18-20, 1997 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Concurrent Engn Res Ctr, W Virginia Univ, IEEE Commun Soc, Tech Comm Informat Infrastruct, Assoc Comp Machinery, SIGGROUP HO MIT DE concurrent engineering; cooperative work; heterogeneous design environments; change notification; virtual team support environment AB This paper describes the Virtual Workspace System (VWS) which provides a service for sharing state (both data and meta-data or schema) for asynchronous collaborating engineering applications, Key features are: (I) a reliable and platform independent message transport mechanism between client workspaces; (2) an ontological formalism for describing the content of collaborating workspaces, based on the object-oriented model and extending it with notion of constraints; (3) selective sharing based on interest; (4) ability to group events together into transactions; (5) support for conflict detection/resolution support; and, (6) collaboration policies that can be set at the object level (e.g., a user can be notified of changes to object of class Cl immediately, but not so for objects of class CZ). being used to develop a collaborative application to support both design of facilities and maintenance management at the U.S. Army's Fort Gordon. RP Heckel, J (reprint author), USA,CONSTRUCT ENGN RES LABS,CHAMPAIGN,IL, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7967-0 PY 1997 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1109/ENABL.1997.630783 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BJ77B UT WOS:A1997BJ77B00002 ER PT S AU Simmons, WC AF Simmons, WC BE Hariz, A Varadan, VK Reinhold, O TI Biomimetics and smart materials SO SMART ELECTRONICS AND MEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Electronics and MEMS CY DEC 11-13, 1997 CL ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA SP Univ S Austr, Microelectr Ctr, Austr, Def Sci & Technol Org, Austr, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE biomimetic; smart materials; research; sensors; actuators; control functions AB Smart Materials functions often mimic biological functions. Recent basic research at the US Army Research Office has focused on biomimetics and meso-scale smart materials. Current ARO materials research interests and progress in these areas will be reviewed for sensors, molecular recognition, signal transduction, structures and control functions. RP Simmons, WC (reprint author), USA, RES OFF, DIV MAT SCI, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. RI Hariz, Alex/F-4035-2013 OI Hariz, Alex/0000-0002-9131-056X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2680-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1997 VL 3242 BP 2 EP 9 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BJ98E UT WOS:A1997BJ98E00001 ER PT S AU Simmons, WC AF Simmons, WC BE Hariz, A Varadan, VK Reinhold, O TI Biomimetics and smart materials SO SMART MATERIALS, STRUCTURES, AND INTEGRATED SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Materials, Structures, and Integrated Systems CY DEC 11-13, 1997 CL ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA SP Univ S Austr, Microelectr Ctr, Austr, Def Sci & Technol Org, Austr, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE biomimetic; smart materials; research; sensors; actuators; control functions AB Smart Materials functions often mimic biological functions. Recent basic research at the US Army Research Office has focused on biomimetics and meso-scale smart materials. Current ARO materials research interests and progress in these areas will be reviewed for sensors, molecular recognition, signal transduction, structures and control functions. C1 USA, Res Off, Div Sci Mat, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Simmons, WC (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Div Sci Mat, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2679-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1997 VL 3241 BP 2 EP 9 DI 10.1117/12.293528 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BK08T UT WOS:000071156200001 ER PT B AU Simmons, WC AF Simmons, WC BE Simmons, WC Aksay, IA Huston, DR TI Dual use smart materials for the MMC century SO SMART MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES: SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 1997 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Materials Technologies CY MAR 03-04, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech Inc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Air Force Wright Lab, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Phys Soc, Div Mat Phys, Ceram Soc Japan, USA Res Lab, Intelligent Mat Forum, Japan AB Research activities in smart materials at the Army Research Office (ARO), over the past decade is briefly reviewed. Status of the current program is discussed The current symposia is previewed and a look to the future needs and opportunities for smart materials research is presented. RP Simmons, WC (reprint author), USA,RES OFF,DIV SCI MAT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2453-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3040 BP 2 EP 7 DI 10.1117/12.267100 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BH27X UT WOS:A1997BH27X00001 ER PT S AU Thomas, DA Kwinn, BT McGinnis, M Bowman, BA Entner, MD AF Thomas, DA Kwinn, BT McGinnis, M Bowman, BA Entner, MD GP IEEE TI The US Army enlisted personnel system: A system dynamics approach SO SMC '97 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5: CONFERENCE THEME: COMPUTATIONAL CYBERNETICS AND SIMULATION SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNATICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Computational Cybernetics and Simulation (SMC 97) CY OCT 12-15, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc AB The United States Army's enlisted personnel strength management system consists of several planning and operations processes within multiple command organizations. Within this framework, planners on the staffs of the Department of the Army develop policies and goals to achieve annual Congressionally-mandated manning levels within budgetary constraints. These policy decisions significantly affect recruiting, training, and manning the Army. Separate models and information systems are linked to provide decision support; however, no single model captures the impacts of a policy across the entire enlisted personnel system. Classical approaches to the analysis and modeling of personnel systems ignore the effects of feedback and usually require a priori specification of mathematical relationships. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive systems model using a system dynamics approach to evaluate personnel strength management policies. We demonstrate the power of such an approach through analysis of several personnel policy issues. RP Thomas, DA (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-4054-X J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 1997 BP 1263 EP 1267 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BJ80Y UT WOS:A1997BJ80Y00219 ER PT S AU Phelan, RG McNett, MD McGinnis, ML AF Phelan, RG McNett, MD McGinnis, ML GP IEEE TI Design and implementation of a WWW-based database system to support software development of computer-generated forces for US Army Simulation Training SO SMC '97 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5: CONFERENCE THEME: COMPUTATIONAL CYBERNETICS AND SIMULATION SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNATICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Computational Cybernetics and Simulation (SMC 97) CY OCT 12-15, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc AB The World Wide Web (WWW) has opened new frontiers for presenting and collecting information from sources around the world. Web browsers provide Internet users with access to information vast amounts of information. This paper addresses the design, development and implementation of a multi-user database system for the World Wide Web to query subject matter experts during development of mission training plans for the Army's new Warfighter's Simulation (WARSIM) 2000. Currently, 262 Army Mission Training Plans for Army units from Platoon to Corps have been input into in a database repository by subject matter experts using the internet-based system. The paper discusses how the system converts data from the database to HyperText Markup Language through the use of the Common Gateway Interface. The system also stores and links individual user input by MTP task through each step of the elicitation process so that previously entered input is available each time a user logs on to the system. RP Phelan, RG (reprint author), USA,CTR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE,ODISC4,107 ARMY PENTAGON,WASHINGTON,DC 20310, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-4054-X J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 1997 BP 1268 EP 1273 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BJ80Y UT WOS:A1997BJ80Y00220 ER PT S AU McNett, MD Phelan, RG McGinnis, ML AF McNett, MD Phelan, RG McGinnis, ML GP IEEE TI WARSIM 2000: Combining multiple expert opinions from subject matter experts to generate requirements for staff training at battalion level and above SO SMC '97 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5: CONFERENCE THEME: COMPUTATIONAL CYBERNETICS AND SIMULATION SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNATICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Computational Cybernetics and Simulation (SMC 97) CY OCT 12-15, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc AB When fully developed, Warfighter's Simulation (WARSIM) 2000 will support warfighter exercises, command post exercises, and seminar training events from battalion through corps. Currently, such training is primarily conducted in three modes: live exercises, constructive computer simulations, and virtual computer simulations. Clearly, there is no substitute for live, tactical exercises where soldiers, unit leaders, train using their equipment in real-world situations. However, as training costs for field exercises continue to increase, combined with environmental constraints on training, the Army is shifting from large-scale unit field training exercises to simulated command post exercises and Seminars. The WARSIM 2000 is being developed for this purpose. We present a WWW-based database tool that will help reduce developmental costs of the WARSIM system. The WWW tool will be used to elicit multiple expert opinions from experts across the Army using Standard Query Language. This approach has enabled WARSIM 2000 developers to collect, analyze, combine, and display the expert opinions collected. Over 20 standard queries are available to aid the WARSIM 2000 developers in determining which mission training plan tasks to focus on during the software development phase of the military operation simulation. RP McNett, MD (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-4054-X J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 1997 BP 1280 EP 1284 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BJ80Y UT WOS:A1997BJ80Y00222 ER PT S AU Pudwill, R Coblentz, LM Maxwell, DT AF Pudwill, R Coblentz, LM Maxwell, DT GP IEEE TI Practical and theoretical considerations when integrating linear programming and multi-attribute utility theory: US army value added analysis SO SMC '97 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5: CONFERENCE THEME: COMPUTATIONAL CYBERNETICS AND SIMULATION SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNATICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Computational Cybernetics and Simulation (SMC 97) CY OCT 12-15, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc AB Significant advances in the computer and computational sciences are allowing analysts to address increasingly complex problems. As these advances are applied to the complex problems faced by governmental and industrial leaders the demand for ever increasing levels of complexity in computer based modeling and analysis also increases. Many of the problems faced by these leaders are characterized by both large combinations of alternative solutions and multiple, often competing, objectives. Linear programming and decision analysis are two mathematical modeling tools that are designed to address these types of problems. Analysis reports and software tools are emerging that are beginning to integrate these techniques. However, each of the techniques have properties that must be considered if they are to provide a meaningful integrated model. We describe a multi-billion dollar resource allocation problem that has benefited from such analysis. We outline the principal axioms of each technique, and properties that must be preserved as the model is desegregated and reassembled for integrated analysis. Finally, we address some practical considerations that are highly useful in communicating analysis results to clients. RP Pudwill, R (reprint author), USA,CONCEPTS ANAL AGCY,8120 WOODMONT AVE,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-4054-X J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 1997 BP 1569 EP 1573 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BJ80Y UT WOS:A1997BJ80Y00274 ER PT S AU Hamilton, JA Sobiesk, EJ Deal, JC AF Hamilton, JA Sobiesk, EJ Deal, JC GP IEEE TI Multilevel simulation of force XXI fire support operations SO SMC '97 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5: CONFERENCE THEME: COMPUTATIONAL CYBERNETICS AND SIMULATION SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNATICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Computational Cybernetics and Simulation (SMC 97) CY OCT 12-15, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc AB Rapid advances in technology have greatly enhanced capabilities to acquire and attack targets. Precision guided munitions offer order of magnitude increases in capabilities but are significantly more expensive, and hence, fewer are available than conventional ''dumb'' weapons. Static fire support organizations and doctrine may not be sufficiently flexible to effectively use these new fire support capabilities. We argue that future fire support organizations will have to rapidly expand and collapse to support the increased tempo of 21st century warfare. Expert systems can be used in many places and may, at times, replace some personnel at some levels of the fire support hierarchy. New technology, a uncertain post-Cold War world and a declining force structure have made simulation a critical means for discovering and developing new doctrine. Military fire support channels are hierarchical, paralleling the maneuver units they support. In combat, these command levels operate simultaneously with varying levels of dependence and interaction. A multilevel simulation strategy is necessary to integrate different fire support echelons into the same simulation. This paper will discuss how multilevel simulation can support the development of both Joint Vision 2010 and Force XXI fire support doctrine, and how expert systems may be used to facilitate the dynamic expansion and collapse of fire support organizations. RP Hamilton, JA (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-4054-X J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 1997 BP 2601 EP 2606 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BJ80Y UT WOS:A1997BJ80Y00455 ER PT S AU Campbell, L Lotwin, A DeRico, MMG Ray, C AF Campbell, L Lotwin, A DeRico, MMG Ray, C GP IEEE TI The use of Artificial Intelligence in military simulations SO SMC '97 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5: CONFERENCE THEME: COMPUTATIONAL CYBERNETICS AND SIMULATION SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNATICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Computational Cybernetics and Simulation (SMC 97) CY OCT 12-15, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc DE artificial intelligence (AI); distributive interactive simulation (DIS); mission planning; test and evaluation; terrain analysis; computer generated forces (CGF); automated target recognition (ATR) AB The US military has used computer simulations in training since the early 1980's. We have found that use of computer simulations can greatly decrease the cost of training, and, if the simulation is ''realistic'' enough, there is little associated decrease in the effectiveness of the training. Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques portend great opportunities for achieving our goal of realism in military simulations. Beyond training applications, simulations can be used in the materiel acquisition process by assessing the effectiveness of a system design prior to actual development. Again, realism is key to reaping the benefits that are envisioned. In this paper, we examine the potential of AI techniques to achieve the realism that we desire, and survey the research that members of the Office of Artificial Intelligence Analysis and Evaluation (OAIAE) and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (D/EECS) at the US Military Academy have conducted in support of this goal. We describe how a hybrid expert system has performed terrain analysis resulting in the development of mission plans that can be integrated as parts of an automated reasoning system for Computer Generated Forces. The entity behaviors resulting from this system are realistic enough to provide acceptable training value for human opponents in a distributed interactive simulation. We examine the problem of 3D representation of high-resolution terrain in simulations and offer suggestions for tessellating polygons to maintain a high degree of fidelity in militarily significant terrain while reducing the number used to represent insignificant terrain. We investigate current developments in automated target recognition. This technology is relatively new to the arena of tactical intelligence and can be incorporated Into simulations of military environments. Finally, we examine the application of knowledge-based systems (KBS) to the testing of materiel development systems in simulation. We discuss work in-progress in support of the Virtual Proving Ground that captures test expertise and provides the post-test analysis function that will help the Army realize the promise of using simulation technology to streamline the acquisition process. RP Campbell, L (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,OFF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ANAL & EVALUAT,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-4054-X J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 1997 BP 2607 EP 2612 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BJ80Y UT WOS:A1997BJ80Y00456 ER PT S AU Moore, ML Reyns, RB Kumara, SRT Hummel, JR AF Moore, ML Reyns, RB Kumara, SRT Hummel, JR GP IEEE TI Distributed intelligent agents for logistics (DIAL) SO SMC '97 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5: CONFERENCE THEME: COMPUTATIONAL CYBERNETICS AND SIMULATION SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNATICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Computational Cybernetics and Simulation (SMC 97) CY OCT 12-15, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc DE distributed systems; agents; logistics AB The Distributed intelligent Agents for Logistics (DIAL) is an open systems architecture that allows existing models to interface and communicate in a distributed network environment The design is based on a multiagent framework where a customer's problem can be decomposed and assigned to one or more (as needed) intelligent agents which together generate a logistics plan. An agent is a piece of software code that acts upon receiving information from a source (a model) and reasons using its internal knowledge. Many existing models simulate the different logistics operations; however, the models do not interact with each other and are not affected by each other's results. Therefore it is difficult to model and analyze the logistics process as a whole. One solution is for the models to act as nodes in a network that simulates the entire logistics process. A group of agents, or a multi-agent system, is best suited to solve such real world problems, with each agent representing a node of the graph. This paper describes a distributed intelligent agent architecture for logistics. RP Moore, ML (reprint author), USA,WAR COLL,CTR STRATEG LEADERSHIP,KNOWLEDGE ENGN GRP,650 WRIGHT AVE,CARLISLE,PA 17013, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-4054-X J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 1997 BP 2782 EP 2787 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BJ80Y UT WOS:A1997BJ80Y00486 ER PT S AU Lusher, RL Stone, GF AF Lusher, RL Stone, GF GP IEEE TI A prototype report filter to reduce information overload in combat simulations SO SMC '97 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5: CONFERENCE THEME: COMPUTATIONAL CYBERNETICS AND SIMULATION SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNATICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Computational Cybernetics and Simulation (SMC 97) CY OCT 12-15, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc AB This research resulted in a successful design and demonstration of the Simulation Information Filtering Tool(SIFT). SIFT is an information technology that can assist decision-makers in reducing their information flows when participating in combat training simulations. SIFT converts the Commander's Critical Information Requirements (CCIR) into filtering criteria. The CCIR standard filters all but critical information from a commander's message stream. Critical information is, by definition, information with the highest value. The message stream becomes smaller, yet packed with high value information. In demonstration, SIFT reduced the volume of reports by 86% and retained those that were critical. Using a cognitive model to estimate human report processing capacity, the SIFT prototype shows great potential in helping commanders avoid information overload. RP Lusher, RL (reprint author), USA,COMMAND & GEN STAFF COLL,FT LEAVENWORTH,KS 66027, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-4054-X J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 1997 BP 2788 EP 2793 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BJ80Y UT WOS:A1997BJ80Y00487 ER PT S AU West, PD Barr, DR AF West, PD Barr, DR GP IEEE TI Capturing situational awareness in combat simulations SO SMC '97 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5: CONFERENCE THEME: COMPUTATIONAL CYBERNETICS AND SIMULATION SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNATICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Computational Cybernetics and Simulation (SMC 97) CY OCT 12-15, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc AB Military situational awareness results from the synthesis of battlefield data into human understanding. It is formed through the bonding of information, training, experience and the personality of the commander. Computers can readily gather information, training can be assumed, but experience and personality are major challenges for the combat modeler. The Battlefield Knowledge Index (BKI) is one approach under investigation at the U.S. Military Academy to measure situational awareness in Army simulations. RP West, PD (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,DEPT SYST ENGN,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-4054-X J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 1997 BP 2800 EP 2805 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BJ80Y UT WOS:A1997BJ80Y00489 ER PT S AU Phillips, PJ Moon, H AF Phillips, PJ Moon, H GP IEEE TI Comparison of projection-based face recognition algorithms SO SMC '97 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5: CONFERENCE THEME: COMPUTATIONAL CYBERNETICS AND SIMULATION SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNATICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Computational Cybernetics and Simulation (SMC 97) CY OCT 12-15, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc AB Traditional methods of evaluating face recognition algorithms report on their performance on a single set of images. However this does not fully capture algorithm performance or allow for statistical comparisons between algorithms. To overcome this problem, rue present an evaluation methodology that allows one to obtain a robust and comprehensive assessment efface recognition algorithms. From the evaluation methodology we formulate a model that allows for statistical hypothesis testing. We use this to compare the performance of (1) different algorithms of the same test set, and (2) one algorithm on different test sets. RP Phillips, PJ (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,AMSRL SE SE,2800 POWDER MILL RD,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-4054-X J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 1997 BP 4057 EP 4062 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BJ80Y UT WOS:A1997BJ80Y00707 ER PT S AU Mayk, I Salton, J Dawidowicz, E Wong, R Tran, L Chamberlain, S Brundick, F AF Mayk, I Salton, J Dawidowicz, E Wong, R Tran, L Chamberlain, S Brundick, F GP IEEE TI Distributed situation awareness for C2 platforms SO SMC '97 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5: CONFERENCE THEME: COMPUTATIONAL CYBERNETICS AND SIMULATION SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNATICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Computational Cybernetics and Simulation (SMC 97) CY OCT 12-15, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc AB In this paper we describe our progress in deriving and demonstrating requirements and guiding the design of command and control (C2) decision aids to include distributed situation awareness. At the heart of C2 decision aids are the tools and algorithms necessary to plan operations, assess the availability and capability of assigned resources to carry out their tasks, and monitor the execution of the plan. Situation awareness capabilities require additional tools and algorithms which serve to improve the verification and validation of the operational C2 process, thereby increasing the level of robustness inherent in the planning, assessment and monitoring capabilities. In essence, situation awareness is built-in to ensure that semi-autonomous assets maintain task synchronization within allowed (planning) uncertainties, while execution of tasks may deviate from the nominal trajectories prescribed by a plan. Such deviations cannot be allowed to proceed unchecked and without warning should certain thresholds be exceeded. Specifically, this paper describes a situation awareness model and algorithm which address the envelope of uncertainties associated with key platform dynamics. These include: a)models for expectations and uncertainties associated with position, actions, and the consumption of supplies, b) algorithms to compute platform compliance with a planned course-of-action (CoA), and c) protocols for dealing with platform non-compliant CoA. RP Mayk, I (reprint author), USA,COMMUN ELECT COMMAND,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-4054-X J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 1997 BP 4354 EP 4359 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BJ80Y UT WOS:A1997BJ80Y00760 ER PT B AU Tobiasson, W Greatorex, A AF Tobiasson, W Greatorex, A BE Izumi, M Nakamura, T Sack, RL TI Database and methodology for conducting site specific snow load case studies for the United States SO SNOW ENGINEERING: RECENT ADVANCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Snow Engineering CY MAY 26-31, 1996 CL SENDAI, JAPAN SP City Sendai, Intelligent Cosmos Acad Fdn, Argos Co Ltd, Assoc Technol Progress Snow Disaster Prevent, Ebara Co, Fujikura Co Ltd, Japanese Soc Snow & Ice, Niigata Engn Co Ltd, Nippon Steel Met Prod Co Ltd, SECOM Sci & Technol Fdn, Sendai Doro Engn Co, Shinko Kenzai Co Ltd, Tohoku Construct Assoc, Tokamachi City AB We have developed data and a methodology for determining the ground snow load at locations not covered in our ground snow load map of the United States due to extreme local snow load variations in the area. The elevation, the years of record available, the maximum observed value and the ''50-year'' ground snow load at a number of nearby sites are considered. A plot of elevation vs. load is often helpful. RP Tobiasson, W (reprint author), USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,72 LYME RD,HANOVER,NH 03755, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-865-7 PY 1997 BP 249 EP 256 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Transportation SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Transportation GA BJ05R UT WOS:A1997BJ05R00043 ER PT B AU Taylor, TS Ehrlich, JJ Dunn, B Harreld, JH Gregory, DA AF Taylor, TS Ehrlich, JJ Dunn, B Harreld, JH Gregory, DA BE Scheps, R TI Phase distortion representation and laser characteristics of ORMOSILs: Oscillator/amplifier experiment SO SOLID STATE LASERS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Solid State Lasers VI Conference CY FEB 10-11, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB The optical characteristics of organically modified silicates (ORMOSILs) are discussed. The absorption spectra of ORMOSIL samples undoped and doped with pyrromethene 580 were measured and compared. The doped sample was utilized in an oscillator/amplifier experiment. Output energies on the order of two millijoules were observed and an amplifier gain of 1.44 was measured. RP Taylor, TS (reprint author), USA,MISSILE COMMAND,REDSTONE ARSENAL,AL 35898, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2397-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2986 BP 153 EP 160 DI 10.1117/12.270006 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH52E UT WOS:A1997BH52E00019 ER PT S AU McClean, DM AF McClean, DM BE Hulstijn, W Peters, HFM vanLieshout, PHH TI Functional components of the motor system: An approach to understanding the mechanisms of speech disfluency SO SPEECH PRODUCTION: MOTOR CONTROL, BRAIN RESEARCH AND FLUENCY DISORDERS SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Speech Motor Production and Fluency Disorders CY JUN 05-08, 1996 CL NIJMEGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Univ Hosp Nijmegen, Inst Otorhinolaryngol, Dept Voice & Speech Pathol, Nijmegen Inst Cognit & Informat, Univ Nijmegen, Interfac Res Unit Language & Speech, Univ Hosp Nijmegen, Inst Med Psychol, Univ Congress Off AB A functional model of the motor system is described that is intended as a framework for computational modeling and simulation of the neural mechanisms underlying speech disfluency. The central component of the model is pattern generating circuitry (PGC) that regulates motoneuron activity for speech. The PGC is distributed within the motor systems of the brain, and it receives input from a variety of neural systems whose functions include pattern selection, sensory processing, regulation of speech rate, regulation of muscle stiffness, and mediation of emotional-motivational responses. Theory and data relevant to understanding PGC function in speech are reviewed, and various sources of PGC input are considered in order to clarify their relevance to speech disfluency. Normal speech production is assumed to involve the interaction of different inputs within the PGC in order to produce intended speech acoustic patterns. It is suggested that speech disfluency is related to the interaction of various inputs within the PGC primarily during speech movement preparation and initiation. Given the number and complexity of neural systems involved, it is not surprising that high levels of variability are seen in physiologic measures of the fluent and disfluent speech of persons who stutter. The general framework proposed is intended to provide a basis for development of biologically-constrained models that will clarify the sources of this variability. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP McClean, DM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82460-X J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1997 VL 1146 BP 99 EP 118 PG 20 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA BK04T UT WOS:000070984300007 ER PT J AU Hawkins, DM Olwell, DH AF Hawkins, DM Olwell, DH TI Inverse Gaussian cumulative sum control charts for location and shape SO STATISTICIAN LA English DT Article DE cumulative sums; first-passage times; non-normality; persistent special causes; reliability; skewed distributions; statistical process control; task duration AB Cumulative sum (CUSUM) control charts are very effective at detecting persisting special causes. The most common CUSUM chart assumes that the process measurement being monitored follows the normal distribution. Many industrial problems yield measures with skewed, positive distributions-examples are component reliabilities, times to completion of tasks and insurance claims. Non-normal measures such as these should not be monitored using procedures based an the normal distribution. The inverse Gaussian distribution provides a flexible distribution that can be used to model positive skew quantities, and therefore provides an effective framework for statistical process control on processes producing such measures. This paper defines the optimal CUSUM control chart schemes for location and shape of the inverse Gaussian distribution and evaluates its performance in detecting step changes in each of these parameters. The inverse Gaussian distribution has been shown to be a good fit to a long record of task completion times on a General Motors assembly line. We extend this application, showing how our CUSUMS may be used to detect changes in the distribution of these task completion times. C1 US MIL ACAD,DEPT MATH SCI,W POINT,NY 10996. UNIV MINNESOTA,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0039-0526 J9 STATISTICIAN JI Statistician PY 1997 VL 46 IS 3 BP 323 EP 335 PG 13 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA XZ151 UT WOS:A1997XZ15100003 ER PT B AU Anastasi, RF Friedman, AD Hinders, MK Madaras, EI AF Anastasi, RF Friedman, AD Hinders, MK Madaras, EI BE Chang, FK TI Nondestructive evaluation of damage in stitched composites using laser based ultrasound SO STRUCTURAL HEALT H MONITORING: CURRENT STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY SEP 18-20, 1997 CL STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, USA Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn HO STANFORD UNIV AB Composite material applications in civil transport aircraft primary structures such as wings are currently being planned. In a building block approach, sub components of the wing structure are tested to understand the structural response and failure characteristics. Nondestructive evaluation is an important element which can provide quantitative information on the damage initiation, propagation, and final failure modes for the composite structural components. Although ultrasound is generally accepted as a test method, the use of conventional ultrasound in situ health monitoring of damage during a test is not practical. The use of lasers to both generate and detect ultrasound extends the application of ultrasound to in situ sensing of damage in a deformed structure remotely and in a non-contact manner. The goal of the present research is to utilize this technology to monitor damage progression during testing. The present paper describes the application of laser based ultrasound to quantify damage in thick stitched composite structural elements to demonstrate the method. This method involves using a Q-switched laser to generate a rapid, local linear thermal strain on the surface of the structure. This causes the generation of ultrasonic waves into the material. A second laser illuminates the surface and a Fabry-Perot interferometer measures the surface deflections from the reflected light. The use of fiber optics provides a convenient method of delivering the laser over long distances to the specimens. The material for these structural elements is composed of several stacks of composite material assembled together by stitching through the laminate thickness. The specimen thickness varies from 0.5 to 1.0 inch. The specimens used for these nondestructive evaluation studies had either impact damage or skin/stiffener interlaminar failure. Although no visible surface damage existed internal damage was detected by laser based ultrasound. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, ARL,USA,Vehicle Technol Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Anastasi, RF (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, ARL,USA,Vehicle Technol Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA BN 1-56676-605-2 PY 1997 BP 66 EP 77 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP91G UT WOS:000086581600006 ER PT B AU Vandiver, TL AF Vandiver, TL BE Chang, FK TI Health monitoring of US Army Missile systems SO STRUCTURAL HEALT H MONITORING: CURRENT STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY SEP 18-20, 1997 CL STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, USA Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn HO STANFORD UNIV AB Health monitoring of U.S. Army Missile systems is of paramount importance in this time of Army downsizing and limited new missile systems coming on line. The emphasis has been shifted from new missile systems to maintaining our existing ones through new means of assessing damage and extending the shelf-life of missile components. Missiles, ground support equipment, auxiliary hardware, tanks, and military vehicles are an areas of concern in the area of health monitoring and shelf-life extension. The same technology used for health monitoring could also be beneficial in the areas of design optimization, testing, and instrumentation of missile system components. C1 USA, Missile Command, AMSMI, RD,ST,CM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Vandiver, TL (reprint author), USA, Missile Command, AMSMI, RD,ST,CM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA BN 1-56676-605-2 PY 1997 BP 191 EP 196 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP91G UT WOS:000086581600016 ER PT B AU Blanas, P Wenger, MP Shuford, RJ Das-Gupta, DK AF Blanas, P Wenger, MP Shuford, RJ Das-Gupta, DK BE Chang, FK TI Active composite materials and damage monitoring SO STRUCTURAL HEALT H MONITORING: CURRENT STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY SEP 18-20, 1997 CL STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, USA Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn HO STANFORD UNIV ID CERAMIC/POLYMER AB Health monitoring of composite structures is essential as these types of structures find wider applications. Piezoelectric composite materials can provide the means by which sensing and actuating devices become integral parts of the composite structural system. In this study the suitability of piezoelectric composite materials as in-situ multipurpose sensors for the nondestructive monitoring of fiber reinforced composites has been investigated. Results obtained from embedded composite bimorph sensors will be presented in this paper. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Div Mat, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Div Mat, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA BN 1-56676-605-2 PY 1997 BP 199 EP 207 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP91G UT WOS:000086581600017 ER PT B AU Fecteau, ML AF Fecteau, ML GP NATL CONF STAND LAB TI Test uncertainty ratio and intelligent instrumentation: From 4 : 1 to SPC to IPC in the army measurement system SO SUCCESS IN THE 21ST CENTURY DEPENDS ON MODERN METROLOGY, VOLS 1-2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National-Conference-of-Standards-Laboratories Workshop and Symposium on Success in the 21st Century Depends on Modern Metrology CY JUL 27-31, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Natl Conf Stand Lab AB Instrument Performance Control (IPC) is an extension, or perhaps a subset, of Statistical Process Control (SPC): The tracking and control of individual (computer-based) Intelligent Instrument test instruments (TI) at low TUR via an "Electronic Calibration Report" which includes both offset and prognostic ( pre di ct ive) corrections. It becomes economically and technically viable only with the availability of quantitative historical calibration data available in computer-manageable format and when the majority of both the standards and the TI are Intelligent, i.e., in the next generation. IPC application to the Army Measurement System represents a revolution in measurement quality assurance, a true paradigm shift, from model population control to individual TI control. It nevertheless is a major vehicle to Success in 21st Century Modern Metrology, and early introduction/application to the Army Measurement System is proposed. C1 USA, TMDE Act, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Fecteau, ML (reprint author), USA, TMDE Act, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL CONFERENCE STANDARDS LAB PI BOULDER PA 1800 30TH STREET, SUITE 305B, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA PY 1997 BP 19 EP 33 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BL34X UT WOS:000075219700003 ER PT J AU Sirenko, YM Jeon, JB Lee, BC Kim, KW Littlejohn, MA Stroscio, MA AF Sirenko, YM Jeon, JB Lee, BC Kim, KW Littlejohn, MA Stroscio, MA TI Valence band spectra in pseudomorphically strained wurtzite quantum wells SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE GaN/AlxGa1-xN; wurtzites; valence band; strain ID GAN; PARAMETERS AB A theory for the effects of size quantization and strain on the hole energy spectra in wurtzite AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN quantum wells is presented. The subband structure and dispersion relations for holes in pseudomorphically strained rectangular wells are obtained using an analytical solution of Schrodinger's equation with 3 x 3 matrix Hamiltonian blocks. The effects of strain are interpreted using an analogy between wurzite structures and prestrained zincblende crystals. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. C1 USA,RES OFF,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP Sirenko, YM (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PY 1997 VL 22 IS 2 BP 195 EP 198 DI 10.1006/spmi.1996.0215 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XV539 UT WOS:A1997XV53900008 ER PT B AU Rauss, PJ Phillips, PJ Moon, H Rizvi, S Hamilton, MK DePersia, AT AF Rauss, PJ Phillips, PJ Moon, H Rizvi, S Hamilton, MK DePersia, AT BE DePersia, AT Yeager, S Oritz, S TI The FERET (FacE REcognition Technology) program SO SURVEILLANCE AND ASSESSMENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Surveillance and Assessment Technologies for Law Enforcement CY NOV 19-20, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NIST, Off Natl Drug Control Policy, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Harris Corp, MITRE Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Natl Inst Justice, US Customs, Fed Bureau Investigat, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Calif Peace Officers Assoc, Natl Forens Sci Technol Ctr DE automated face recognition; face database; FERET program AB The mission of the Department of Defense (DoD) Counter-drug Technology Development Program Office's Face Recognition Technology (FERET) program is to develop automatic face recognition systems from the development of detection and recognition algorithms in the laboratory through their demonstration in a prototype real-time system. To achieve this objective, the program supports research in face recognition algorithms, the collection of a large database of facial images, independent testing and evaluation of face recognition algorithms, construction of a real-time demonstration systems, and the integration of algorithms into the demonstration systems. The FERET program has established baseline performance for face recognition. The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has been the technical agent for the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) since 1993, managing development of the recognition algorithms, database collection, and algorithm testing. Currently ARL is managing the development of several prototype face recognition systems that will demonstrate complete real-time video face identification in an access control mission. This paper gives an overview of the FERET program, presents recent performance results of face recognition algorithms evaluated, and addresses the future direction of the program and applications for DOD and law enforcement. RP Rauss, PJ (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,2800 POWDER MILL RD,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. RI Rauss, Patrick/A-3029-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2337-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2935 BP 2 EP 11 DI 10.1117/12.266788 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH27S UT WOS:A1997BH27S00001 ER PT J AU Munavalli, S Wagner, GW Hashemi, AB Rohrbaugh, DK Durst, HD AF Munavalli, S Wagner, GW Hashemi, AB Rohrbaugh, DK Durst, HD TI Synthesis of (trifluoromethylthio)cubanes SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID REAGENTS AB Reaction of trifluoromethylthiocopper with 1,4-diiodo- and 1-bromo-4-iodocubanes furnishes 1-iodo-4-(trifluoromethylthio)-, 1-bromo-4-(trifluoromethylthio)- and 1,4-bis(trifluoromethylthio)cubanes in respectable yields. C1 GEOCENTERS INC,LAKE HOPATCONG,NJ 07849. USA,EDGEWOOD RES DEV & ENGN CTR,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. RP Munavalli, S (reprint author), GEOCENTERS INC,FT WASHINGTON,MD 20744, USA. NR 17 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 1997 VL 27 IS 16 BP 2847 EP 2851 DI 10.1080/00397919708004160 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA XG729 UT WOS:A1997XG72900016 ER PT B AU Watkins, WR AF Watkins, WR BE Watkins, WR Clement, D TI Enhanced depth perception using hyperstereo vision SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds - Characterization and Representation III CY APR 21-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE stereo vision; navigation; target acquisition; imaging; depth perception AB Recent stereo vision experiments demonstrated the enhancement of depth perception over single line of sight vision for improved vehicular navigation and target acquisition processes. The experiments involved the use of stereo vision headsets connected to visible and 8-12 mu m IR imagers. The imagers were separated by up to 50 m (i.e., wider platform separation than human vision, or hyperstereo) and equipped with telescopes for viewing at ranges of tens of meters up to 4 km. The important findings were: (1)human viewers were able to discern terrain undulations for obstacle avoidance for vehicular navigation, and (2) human viewers were able to detect depth features within the scenes that enhanced the target acquisition process over using monocular or single line of sight viewing. For vehicular navigation improvement, stereo goggles were developed for headset display and simultaneous see through instrumentation viewing for vehicular navigation enhancement. For detection, the depth cues can be used to detect even salient target features. RP Watkins, WR (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE,NM 88002, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2477-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3062 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1117/12.276688 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ16V UT WOS:A1997BJ16V00013 ER PT B AU Tofsted, DH OBrien, SG AF Tofsted, DH OBrien, SG BE Watkins, WR Clement, D TI Characterizing the effects of natural clouds on scene simulations SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds - Characterization and Representation III CY APR 21-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE radiative transfer; cloud visualization; sensor spectral response AB In modeling and simulations the importance of the natural environment has always been recognized with regard to its influence on contrast transmission. However, the variability of surface illumination and solar loading due to broken clouds, the resulting impact of dynamic range on recognition, and clouds as backgrounds, along with the traditional influences due to transmission and path radiance, are emerging areas of relevance due to improvements in the modeling of these effects. The Air Force LOWTRAN model has been the traditional choice for multi-waveband analysis of spectral atmospheric effects on systems performance. But this code only has spatially varying effects in the vertical direction. Dynamic range impacts of horizontally variable illumination conditions cannot be addressed. We describe a series of codes designed to allow the linking of predictions of cloud fractions, base heights, layer depths, and layer cloud types with a model to predict the cloud density structure. These results are coupled to a radiative transfer model. We describe the salient features of this physics based model. We then describe the point-to-point calculation method to produce path radiance and transmittance statistics at multi-channel resolution. The weighted spectra are used to describe the effects on a given sensor channel. We further describe the perspective view generation method used to render cloudy scenes from a variety of observer positions. The radiative transfer model is robust in the sense that its results are not limited to low cloud densities. The spectral region covered is the same as that treated by LOWTRAN, since LOWTRAN output is used to initialize the upper boundary for incident direct (solar/lunar) and diffuse radiation sources and used to determine the background molecular absorption (by modeled layer) of the scattering volume. Typical scattering volumes treated have an 8 kmx8 km footprint and are either 4 km, 8 km, or 16 km high. These volume choices can be used for additions of clouds as scene elements in simulations, usage of the surface illumination information as a positionally varying solar loading or brightness data set, and for path characterization for contrast transmission calculations. RP Tofsted, DH (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,INFORMAT SCI & TECHNOL DIRECTORATE,WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE,NM 88002, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2477-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3062 BP 188 EP 198 DI 10.1117/12.276676 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ16V UT WOS:A1997BJ16V00021 ER PT B AU Gerhart, GR Matchko, RM AF Gerhart, GR Matchko, RM BE Watkins, WR Clement, D TI Diurnal ambient luminance near dawn and dusk SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds - Characterization and Representation III CY APR 21-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB An operational definition of ambient luminance is described in some detail for the time periods near dawn and dusk. A simple empirical model is developed to predict ambient solar luminance under clear sky conditions as a function of (1) observer azimuth viewing direction, (2) the sun altitude and (3) the sun azimuth, The equation is easily modified for any observer position on the earth, diurnal time period or particular day during the year. The subsequent model predicts ambient solar luminance as a function of time after sunset or before dawn for relative target/solar positions in a real scene. This formalism can be used to extrapolate laboratory observer threshold data to real world environments. Subsequent publications will describe the process for predicting probability of detection as a function of time for various target acquisition scenarios. RP Gerhart, GR (reprint author), USA,TACOM,TARGET DETECTABIL RES TEAM,WARREN,MI 48397, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2477-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3062 BP 254 EP 260 DI 10.1117/12.276683 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ16V UT WOS:A1997BJ16V00027 ER PT B AU Gorsich, D Karlsen, RE Gerhart, GR AF Gorsich, D Karlsen, RE Gerhart, GR BE Watkins, WR Clement, D TI Multiresolution based motion estimation SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds - Characterization and Representation III CY APR 21-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE image processing; multiresolution; optical flow; target detection AB The computation of optical flow can play an important role in background characterization and target detectability algorithms since motion is an important cue feature for target detection. A multiresolution gradient-based motion estimation algorithm is implemented based on Horn's approach, where the optical flow field is iteratively determined at each level of the multiresolution pyramid. Different masks and kernels are tested, and an adaptive error minimization approach is taken to deal with areas in the image that violate the optical flow constraint equation. RP Gorsich, D (reprint author), USA,TANK AUTOMOT RES DEV & ENGN CTR,WARREN,MI 48397, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2477-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3062 BP 261 EP 266 DI 10.1117/12.276684 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ16V UT WOS:A1997BJ16V00028 ER PT B AU Cundiff, CR Fowler, B Revnell, M AF Cundiff, CR Fowler, B Revnell, M BE Watkins, WR Clement, D TI Target and background measurements of highly dynamic targets SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds - Characterization and Representation III CY APR 21-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB Simulation and modeling has become more popular as computing hardware and techniques become increasingly available to support them. These models must be tested against the real world if the results are to be useful, Real-world limitations on instrument performance constrain field test design. The US Army Research Laboratory. Electronic Warfare signature measurements roup at White Sands Missile Range, NM has a suite of instrumentation and two tracking systems that can be used for such targets. RP Cundiff, CR (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE,NM 88002, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2477-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3062 BP 286 EP 293 DI 10.1117/12.276686 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ16V UT WOS:A1997BJ16V00031 ER PT B AU McManamey, JR AF McManamey, JR BE Watkins, WR Clement, D TI Validation plan for the German CAMAELEON model SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds - Characterization and Representation III CY APR 21-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE CAMAELEON model; camouflage evaluation; computational vision; model validation; signature evaluation AB Engineers and scientists at the US Army's Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) are in the process of evaluating the German CAMAELEON model, a signature evaluation model that was created for use in designing and evaluating camouflage in the visible spectrum and is based on computational vision methodologies. Verification and preliminary validation have been very positive. For this reason, NVESD has planned and is currently in the early execution phase of a more elaborate validation effort using data from an Army field exercise known as DISSTAF-II. The field exercise involved tank gunners, using the currently fielded M1 Abrams tank sights to search for, to target, and to ''fire on'' (i.e, to pull the trigger to mark target location) a variety of foreign and domestic vehicles in realistic scenarios. Data from this field exercise will be combined with results of a laboratory measurement of perceptual target detectabilities. The purpose of the laboratory measurement is to separate modeled effects from unmodeled effects in the field data. In the laboratory, observers will be performing a task as similar as possible to that modeled by CAMAELEON. An important feature of this data is that the observers will know where the target is located and will rate the detectability of the targets in a paired comparison experiment utilizing the X-based perceptual experiment testbed developed at the University of Tennessee. For the laboratory measurement the subjects will view exactly the same images as those to be analyzed by CAMAELEON. Three correlations that will be found are expected to be especially important. The correlation between perceptual detectability and model predictions will show the accuracy with which the model predicts human performance of the modeled task (rating target detectabilities). The correlation between laboratory and field data will show how well perceived detectability predicts tank gunner target detection in a realistic scenario. Finally, the correlation between model predictions and detection probabilities will show the extent to which the model can actually predict human field performance. RP McManamey, JR (reprint author), USA,CECOM,NIGHT VIS & ELECT SENSORS DIRECTORATE,FT BELVOIR,VA 22060, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2477-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3062 BP 300 EP 310 DI 10.1117/12.276689 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ16V UT WOS:A1997BJ16V00033 ER PT B AU Buford, JA King, DE Bowden, M AF Buford, JA King, DE Bowden, M BE Murrer, RL TI Low cost real-time infrared scene generation for image projection and signal injection SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing CY APR 21-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE IR; scene generation; image projection; signal injection; real-time AB As cost becomes an increasingly important factor in the development and testing of Infrared OR) sensors and flight computer/processors, the need for accurate hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulations is critical. In the past, expensive and complex dedicated scene generation hardware was needed to attain the fidelity necessary for accurately testing systems under test (SUT). Recent technological advances and innovative applications of established technologies are beginning to allow development of cost effective replacements for dedicated scene generators. These new scene. generators are mainly constructed from commercial off-the-shelf(COTS) hardware and software components. At the U,S. Army Missile Command (MICOM) researchers have developed such a dynamic IR scene generator (IRSG) built around COTS hardware and software. The IRSG is being used to provide inputs to an IR scene projector for in-band sensor testing and for direct signal injection into the sensor or processor electronics. Using this ''baseline'' IRSG, up to 120 frames per second (Hz) of 12-bit intensity images are being generated al 640 by 640 pixel resolution. The IRSG SUT-to-target viewpoint is dynamically updated in real lime by a six-degree-of-freedom (6DOF) SUT simulation executing on a facility simulation computer, synchronized with an external signal from the SUT hardware, and compensates for system latency using a special purpose hardware component implemented on a single VME card. Multiple dynamic targets, terrain/backgrounds, countermeasures, and atmospheric effects in real lime by the facility simulation computer via a shared memory interface to the IRSG, Tile ''next generation'' IRSG is currently under development at MICOM using ''next generation'' COTS hardware and software. ''Next generation'' performance specifications ate estimated to yield 16-bit intensity, 250-300Hz frame rate, at 1024 a 1024 pixel resolution. RP Buford, JA (reprint author), USA,MISSILE COMMAND,REDSTONE ARSENAL,AL 35898, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2499-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3084 BP 48 EP 57 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ31H UT WOS:A1997BJ31H00005 ER PT B AU LeSueur, KG Burroughs, EE Robinson, RM AF LeSueur, KG Burroughs, EE Robinson, RM BE Murrer, RL TI Weapon system interoperability testing between target acquisition systems and missile guidance sections utilizing adjacent hardware-in-the-loop sensor test facilities SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing CY APR 21-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE interoperability testing; DIRSP; I(2)R sensor; FLIR; IR seeker; target acquisition subsystem; fire control subsystem; missile guidance section; HWIL; laboratory T&E AB Laboratory Test and Evaluation of imaging infrared ((IR)-R-2) systems is being greatly enhanced through the use of the Electro-Optics Sensor Flight Evaluation Laboratory (EOSFEL) and the Electro-Optics Target Acquisition Sensor Evaluation Laboratory (EOTASEL) at the US Army Redstone Technical Test Center (RTTC). In addition to other standard and future test support, these laboratories will be utilized to support tactical (IR)-R-2 missile system interoperability testing. The EOSFEL is a state-of-the-art. performance grade, Hardware-In-the-Loop (HWIL) test capability for in-band, closed-loop lest and evaluation of optically guided missile seekers, guidance sections, and control sections. The EOTASEL is a class 100,000 clean room laboratory, with state-of-the-art test capability for evaluating the performance of electro-optical (EO) target acquisition and fire control subsystemin a hardware/human-in-the-loop (H/HWIL) environment With (IR)-R-2 missile systems being developed to work with electro-optical target acquisition subsystems, such as the second generation Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) sights, the need arises for testing the interoperability of these sensor subsystems within the cost effective confines of the laboratory. Interoperability testing today is currently performed at the system level in real-world field environments, which Is very expensive and costly to identify problems at this level. This paper describes a realistic technique for performing high fidelity laboratory interoperability testing which utilizes the EOSFEL and EOTASEL including two Dynamic Infrared Scene Projector (DIRSP) systems, a five-axis flight motion simulator, a two-axis platform motion simulator, climatic chambers, supporting instrumentation, and computer control. RP LeSueur, KG (reprint author), USA,TEST & EVALUAT COMMAND,REDSTONE TECH TEST CTR,REDSTONE ARSENAL,AL 35898, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2499-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3084 BP 346 EP 357 DI 10.1117/12.280962 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ31H UT WOS:A1997BJ31H00033 ER PT S AU Ehrlich, JA AF Ehrlich, JA BE Stein, MR TI Simulator sickness and HMD configurations SO TELEMANIPULATOR AND TELEPRESENCE TECHNOLOGIES IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Telemanipulator and Telepresence Technologies CY OCT 14-15, 1997 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NIST, Coalit Intelligent Mfg Syst, Acad Coalit Intelligent Mfg Syst DE simulator sickness; cybersickness; virtual reality; virtual environments; displays; stereoscopic displays; bi-ocular displays AB The helmet-mounted display (HMD), often used in non-vehicle-based virtual environments (VEs), can be configured as either a stereoscopic or bi-ocular display. As a stereoscopic display the computer modeling the VE calculates two different views for each eye, based upon the views each eye normally receives due to their separation in the head. On the other hand, the same view can be presented to each eye, resulting in a bi-ocular display. The normally linked processes of accommodation and vergence must be decoupled when viewing through an HMD. This way of perceiving may lead to physiological problems. For example, a common problem with Virtual Environments (VE) is simulator sickness, Its symptoms are similar to those experienced in motion sickness, and include problems with eyestrain, disorientation, and nausea. A study was conducted in which both relative differences in simulator sickness and performance were examined for walking, tracking, distance estimation, and micromanipulation tasks. Using the self-report Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ), data revealed that the stereoscopic condition was more nauseogenic. In addition, post-experimental Disorientation, Oculomotor Discomfort and Total Severity measures correlated significantly with completion time on a task that required more near-far focal transitions within a short period of time than any other task. C1 USA, Res Inst, Simulator Syst Res Unit, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Ehrlich, JA (reprint author), USA, Res Inst, Simulator Syst Res Unit, Res Commons Bldg,12249 Sci Dr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2638-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3206 BP 170 EP 178 DI 10.1117/12.295582 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Optics GA BK21T UT WOS:000071551000018 ER PT J AU Cilluffo, FJ Gergely, CH AF Cilluffo, Frank J. Gergely, Curt H. TI Information Warfare and Strategic Terrorism SO TERRORISM AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Article C1 [Gergely, Curt H.] Booz Allen & Hamilton Inc, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Gergely, Curt H.] USA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-6553 J9 TERROR POLIT VIOLENC JI Terror. Polit. Violence PY 1997 VL 9 IS 1 BP 84 EP 94 DI 10.1080/09546559708427388 PG 11 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA V22ST UT WOS:000208295600009 ER PT J AU Eaton, FD Hines, JR Drexler, JJ Soules, DB AF Eaton, FD Hines, JR Drexler, JJ Soules, DB TI Short term variability of atmospheric turbidity and optical turbulence in a desert environment SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE WAVE DISTURBANCES; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; GRAVITY-WAVES; WHITE SANDS; NEW-MEXICO; VHF RADAR AB Variability of atmospheric turbidity calculated from direct beam solar radiation measurements and the transverse coherence length, r(o), derived from differential image motion of stellar sources show pronounced fluctuations on the order of a few minutes under convectively unstable conditions in a desert environment. The quiescent periods, ''neutral'' events, when local near surface adiabatic conditions occur show substantial reductions in the fluctuations of the same quantities. Image motion results for nighttime (stable) conditions display slowing varying patterns with reduced short term (few minutes) variations. The measurements were taken using a suite of instrumentation probing the same volume of atmosphere. The instrumentation used includes a pyrheliometer, Atmospheric Turbulence Measurement and Observation System (ATMOS), a sodar, a scintillometer, and tower-mounted sensors. A time-height display of sodar data calibrated for the refractive index structure parameter, C-n(2), coupled with scintillometer measurements show the diurnal evolution of the boundary layer responding to the local healing-cooling cycle and drainage flows from the surrounding mountains. Several atmospheric features are seen and discussed in these results as they affect the nature of the patterns of turbidity and r(o). Of particular interests are the development of convection, changes in the capping inversion, thermal plume structures, neutral events, and wave-turbulence interactions. Sinusoidal oscillations, identified as internal gravity waves, are seen in the nighttime laminated structures. C1 LOCKHEED ENGN & SCI CO,WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE,NM 88002. RP Eaton, FD (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,AMSRL BE S,WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE,NM 88002, USA. NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PY 1997 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 81 DI 10.1007/BF00863784 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WD060 UT WOS:A1997WD06000006 ER PT S AU Kruger, JS AF Kruger, JS BE Coutts, TJ Allman, CS Benner, JP TI Review of a workshop on thermophotovoltaics organized for the army research office SO THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd NREL Conference on Thermophotovoltaic Generation of Electricity CY MAY, 1997 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, CO SP NREL, DOE, DARPA, ARO, NASA Lewis Res ctr AB Under the sponsorship of the U.S. Army Research Office (ARO), a workshop dealing with thermophotovoltaic (TPV) power technology was held in Durham, NC, in July 1996. This was one of a series of highly focused workshops on key issues associated with the science and technology of advanced power systems. The focus of this workshop was to assess whether TPV is capable of meeting some of the needs of the dismounted soldier as a fighting platform, the Army's ''Soldier System.'' To accomplish the objectives of the workshop, a group of scientists and engineers, active in the field, from government laboratories, industry, and academia were invited to lecture on a wide range of topics pertinent to TPV. The technical program consisted of plenary, state-of-the-art technology updates and working group sessions covering as wide a range of topics as time permitted. This review is planned to share some of the results and ideas which emerged. RP Kruger, JS (reprint author), USA,RES OFF,POB 12211,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-734-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 401 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ69V UT WOS:A1997BJ69V00002 ER PT S AU Kolka, MA Stephenson, LA AF Kolka, MA Stephenson, LA BE Blatteis, CM TI Resetting the thermoregulatory set-point by endogenous estradiol or progesterone in women SO THERMOREGULATION: TENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE PHARMACOLOGY OF THERMOREGULATION SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Thermoregulation CY AUG 17-22, 1996 CL MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE SP New York Acad Sci, Mini Mitter Co Inc, Data Sci Int, Augustine Med Inc, Int Sci Fdn, Int Union Physiol Sci, IUPS Commiss Thermal Physiol, Univ Tennessee, Memphis, Dept Physiol & Biophys ID MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; BLOOD-FLOW; TEMPERATURE C1 USA, RIEM, Thermal Physiol & Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kolka, MA (reprint author), USA, RIEM, Thermal Physiol & Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-088-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1997 VL 813 BP 204 EP 206 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51694.x PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BM49A UT WOS:000078895700030 PM 9100884 ER PT S AU Matthew, CB AF Matthew, CB BE Blatteis, CM TI Telemetry augments the validity of the rat as a model for heat acclimation SO THERMOREGULATION: TENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE PHARMACOLOGY OF THERMOREGULATION SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Thermoregulation CY AUG 17-22, 1996 CL MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE SP New York Acad Sci, Mini Mitter Co Inc, Data Sci Int, Augustine Med Inc, Int Sci Fdn, Int Union Physiol Sci, IUPS Commiss Thermal Physiol, Univ Tennessee, Memphis, Dept Physiol & Biophys ID SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS; CORE TEMPERATURE; RADIOTELEMETRY C1 US Army Res Inst Environm Med, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Matthew, CB (reprint author), US Army Res Inst Environm Med, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-088-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1997 VL 813 BP 233 EP 238 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51700.x PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BM49A UT WOS:000078895700036 PM 9100889 ER PT S AU Gaffin, SL Koratich, M Hubbard, RW AF Gaffin, SL Koratich, M Hubbard, RW BE Blatteis, CM TI The effect of hyperthermia on intracellular sodium concentrations of isolated human cells SO THERMOREGULATION: TENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE PHARMACOLOGY OF THERMOREGULATION SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Thermoregulation CY AUG 17-22, 1996 CL MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE SP New York Acad Sci, Mini Mitter Co Inc, Data Sci Int, Augustine Med Inc, Int Sci Fdn, Int Union Physiol Sci, IUPS Commiss Thermal Physiol, Univ Tennessee, Memphis, Dept Physiol & Biophys ID CYTOKINES C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Environm Pathophysiol Directorate, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Gaffin, SL (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Environm Pathophysiol Directorate, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM sgaffin@natick-ccmail.army.mil NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-088-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1997 VL 813 BP 637 EP 639 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51758.x PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BM49A UT WOS:000078895700094 PM 9100946 ER PT J AU LaBoube, RA Yu, WW Langan, JE Shan, MY AF LaBoube, RA Yu, WW Langan, JE Shan, MY TI Cold-formed steel webs with openings: Summary report SO THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES LA English DT Article AB Based on a 3-year study that focused on the behavior of cold-formed steel beams with web openings, researchers at the University of Missouri - Rolla have developed simple, easy to apply design recommendations. The design recommendations address the limit states of web buckling resulting from bending, shear, web crippling, combined bending and shear, and combined bending and web crippling. The recommendations were developed based on the results of experimental and analytical studies of C-section beams. The C-sections, which are commonly used for wall studs and floor joists, are manufactured with web openings. Common web opening sizes are 38 x 102 mm and 19 x 51 mm. All web openings are located at mid-depth of the web and spaced 61 cm on center along the length of the C-section. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,W POINT,NY. RP LaBoube, RA (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,ROLLA,MO 65401, USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0263-8231 J9 THIN WALL STRUCT JI Thin-Walled Struct. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 27 IS 1 BP 79 EP 84 DI 10.1016/0263-8231(96)00021-3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA VN158 UT WOS:A1997VN15800008 ER PT S AU Sayles, AH Shoop, BL AF Sayles, AH Shoop, BL BE Singh, A TI Application of smart pixels to digital image halftoning SO THIRTIETH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 1996 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, California, San Jose State Univ, San Jose, California, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB An innovative circuit for digital image halftoning applications has been implemented in several different hybrid fabrication processes. The circuits have been demonstrated to be compatible with several approaches to smart pixels and offer a wide range of options for realizing optical inputs and outputs. The 0.8 micron n-well CMOS process at MOSIS has been used in conjunction with SEED technology to implement a digital image halftoning algorithm that offers the potential for higher quality binary images. Similar algorithms have also been implemented using combined CMOS and liquid crystal on silicon processes as well as the Vitesse H-GaAs III foundry process. RP Sayles, AH (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,PHOTON RES CTR,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1058-6393 BN 0-8186-7646-9 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 1997 BP 492 EP 495 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BH95W UT WOS:A1997BH95W00098 ER PT S AU Mait, JN Prather, DW Shoop, BL AF Mait, JN Prather, DW Shoop, BL BE Singh, A TI Design of diffractive elements for photonic processors SO THIRTIETH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 1996 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, California, San Jose State Univ, San Jose, California, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB We discuss the design of two diffractive optical elements that provide fan-out from one processing plane to the next. One element is used in an optical analog-to-digital converter and the other is used to shape the beam of a vertical cavity surface emitting laser. We use scalar-based diffraction theory to design the diffractive element for the analog-to-digital converter and vector-based theory to design the laser beam shaper. RP Mait, JN (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,AMSRL SE EO,2800 POWDER MILL RD,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1058-6393 BN 0-8186-7646-9 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 1997 BP 496 EP 500 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BH95W UT WOS:A1997BH95W00099 ER PT S AU Kapoor, R Tsihrintzis, GA Nandhakumar, N AF Kapoor, R Tsihrintzis, GA Nandhakumar, N BE Singh, A TI Detection of obscured targets in heavy-tailed radar clutter using an ultra-wideband (UWB) radar and alpha-stable clutter models SO THIRTIETH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 1996 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, California, San Jose State Univ, San Jose, California, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB The use of an ultra-wideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for detection of buried or obscured targets is an intense area of research because of the penetration and high-resolution capabilities of the radar. In this paper, we address the important question of clutter modeling. More specifically, we examine the clutter observed from a forest for robust detection of targets that are buried in a forest environment and obscured by foliage. The observed clutter is a highly impulsive random process that can be accurately modeled with the recently proposed class of alpha-stable processes. Although, these alpha-stable distributions also accurately model the behavior of impulsive sonar sea clutter and impulsive noise in a communication channel, we examined only the performance of a receiver for detecting targets in radar clutter based on alpha-stable distributions via extensive testing on real data, and we compared the performance of receivers based on more popular clutter distributions, such as the K and the Gaussian. The results show that, at sufficiently low probability of false alarm rates, the receiver based on the alpha-stable distribution outperformed the K- and Gaussian-based receivers. RP Kapoor, R (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1058-6393 BN 0-8186-7646-9 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 1997 BP 863 EP 867 DI 10.1109/ACSSC.1996.599067 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BH95W UT WOS:A1997BH95W00172 ER PT S AU Branley, B Fradin, R Kimbrough, SO Shafer, T AF Branley, B Fradin, R Kimbrough, SO Shafer, T BE Sprague, RH TI On heuristic mapping of decision surfaces post-evaluation analysis SO THIRTIETH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES, VOL 5: ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 30) CY JAN 07-10, 1997 CL WAILEA, HI SP Univ Hawaii, Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Business Adm AB The value for decision making of high-quality post-solution analysis of decision-supporting models can hardly be overestimated. Candle-lighting analysis (CLA) takes this notion very seriously and brings to the table a series of computational approaches for gaining insight into decision problems by performing heuristic mapping of decision surfaces for management science models. The principal aims of this paper are to present, illustrate, and demonstrate the value, tend extensive range, of candle-lighting analysis (CLA) ideas in the context of a new decision support system, CLAP-NT addition to illustrating how heuristic decision surface maps may be used JOT post-evaluation analysis, we present preliminary results comparing the efficacy of a genetic algorithm and a random search far mapping decision surfaces. C1 USA, Ctr Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Kimbrough, SO (reprint author), USA, Ctr Artificial Intelligence, 107 Army Pentagon, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 0-8186-7743-0 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 1997 BP 416 EP 425 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BK74X UT WOS:000073325800044 ER PT B AU Corner, B Beecher, R Paquette, S AF Corner, B Beecher, R Paquette, S BE Ellson, RN Nurre, JH TI Computer-aided fit testing: An approach for examining the user/equipment interface SO THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGE CAPTURE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Three-Dimensional Image Capture CY FEB 11, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE fit-testing; visualization; 3-D digitizing; clothing; equipment AB Developments in laser digitizing technology now make it possible to capture very accurate 3D images of the surface of the human body in less than 20 seconds. Applications for the images range from animation of movie characters to the design and visualization of clothing and individual equipment (CIE). In this paper we focus on modeling the user/equipment interface. Defining the relative geometry between user and equipment provides a better understanding of equipment performance, and can make the design cycle more efficient. Computer-aided fit testing (CAFT) is the application of graphical and statistical techniques to visualize and quantify the human/equipment interface in virtual space. In short, CAFT looks to measure the relative geometry between a user and his or her equipment. The design cycle changes with the introducing CAFT; now some evaluation may be done in the CAD environment prior to prototyping. CAFT may be applied in two general ways: 1) to aid in the creation of new equipment designs and 2) to evaluate current designs for compliance to performance specifications. We demonstrate the application of CAFT with two examples. First, we show how a prototype helmet may be evaluated for fit, and second we demonstrate how CAFT may be used to measure body armor coverage. RP Corner, B (reprint author), USA,NATICK RES DEV & ENGN CTR,KANSAS ST,NATICK,MA 01760, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2434-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3023 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1117/12.269756 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BH56Y UT WOS:A1997BH56Y00005 ER PT J AU Cowan, FM AF Cowan, FM TI Staphylococcus aureus protein A immunoadsorption: The rationale for systemic protein a immunotherapy SO TOXICOLOGY METHODS LA English DT Article DE extracorporeal; Fc receptor; immunoglobulin binding factor; Staphylococcus aureus protein A ID IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA; IMMUNOGLOBULIN BINDING-FACTORS; A-IMMUNOADSORPTION; MITOGENIC ACTIVITY; FC-RECEPTORS; DISEASE; COLUMNS; MODULATION; REGRESSION; MECHANISM AB Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SPA) bound to affinity column matrixes has been used for extracorporeal immunoadsorption for the treatment of human autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. SPA is a bacterial immunoglobulin binding factor (IBF) that binds to the Fc region of antibody. The mechanism(s) of action of protein A immunoadsorption is not known. However, protein A immunoadsorption and systemic injection of SPA have demonstrated similar anti-neo 6plastic and anti-retroviral responses in animals. Cellular Fc receptor (FcR) immunity and humoral IBF status are often abnormal in autoimmunity, cancer, and AIDS, The immunotherapeutic activity of protein A immunoadsorption may be produced by SPA leaching off columns and acting as a soluble FcR-like IBF, capable of influencing FcR dependent immunity. If this is the case then systemic SPA therapy may provide a simpler, safer, and more predicable mode of immunotherapy than immunoadsorption. RP Cowan, FM (reprint author), USA,MED RES INST CHEM DEF,BIOCHEM PHARMACOL BRANCH,MCMR-UV-PB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 1051-7235 J9 TOXICOL METHOD JI Toxicol. Method. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 7 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1080/105172397243277 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA XC193 UT WOS:A1997XC19300002 ER PT B AU Leupold, HA AF Leupold, HA BE Chait, R Kominos, C Shur, MS Stroscio, M Valdes, JJ TI A lightweight electron beam focusing structure for missile radars SO TWENTIETH ARMY SCIENCE CONFERENCE - AWARD WINNING PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th United-States-Army Science Conference - Science and Technology for Force XXI: The Force of the 21st-Century CY JUN 24-JUL 27, 1996 CL NORFOLK, VA SP USA, Assistant Secretary Army Res Dev & Acquisit AB A 15 kg permanent magnet electron-beam focusing structure has been invented, designed and built to replace a 55 kg electromagnet in Generic Missile Application Program (GMP) missiles, thereby affording considerable increase in range, payload and mobility. Unlike the elcctromagnet the structure does not entail the inconvenience of electric power sources, massive copper coils or heavy paraphernalia. The permanent magnet is in the form of a solenoid from which flux leakage is largely eliminated and which furnishes a uniform axial electron-guide field of 2.4 kOe over a 23 cm distance in a tube 3.5 cm in diameter. A flux free space at one end of the structure accommodates a field sensitive electron-beam source. All specifications were met by magnetic compensation of field distortions caused by access holes to the structural interior for leads and wave guides. A prototype was built and tested on a beam stick which revealed a 98% beam transmission on the first try, indicating easy fulfillment of the required 95%. The transfer of funds from an industrial concern (Martin-Marietta) to a military laboratory (ARL) under the terms of an CRDA effort specifying the project is believed to be unprecedented. C1 USA, Res Lab, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Leupold, HA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3178-4 PY 1997 BP 3 EP 7 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK31P UT WOS:000071758900001 ER PT B AU Reago, DA Gercken, WC AF Reago, DA Gercken, WC BE Chait, R Kominos, C Shur, MS Stroscio, M Valdes, JJ TI Machine aided search: Results of human performance testing using automatic target recognition and second generation forward looking infrared sensors SO TWENTIETH ARMY SCIENCE CONFERENCE - AWARD WINNING PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th United-States-Army Science Conference - Science and Technology for Force XXI: The Force of the 21st-Century CY JUN 24-JUL 27, 1996 CL NORFOLK, VA SP USA, Assistant Secretary Army Res Dev & Acquisit AB Part task mission simulations were conducted by the CECOM Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate on the effectiveness of trained observers performing target search with a 2nd Generation Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) sensor enhanced with Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) cues. The purpose of this experiment, was to evaluate the performance impacts of introducing ATR information into a reconnaissance task applicable to attack helicopters or real-time unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV's). A manual system mode that required observers to visually search for targets within a field of regard was compared to an aided system in which the observers were presented a series of cues derived from ATR processing of the FLIR imagery. The aided man-machine interface was optimized for use with the ATR information and was similar to the one used in the Multi-Sensor Aided Targeting-Air program. The results showed a significant improvement in detection rates in the aided search mode versus the manual search mode. They also demonstrate that the overall number of false alarms reported is lower during aided search, even accounting for those false alarms generated by the ATR and presented to the observer, The results confirm that if ATR's achieve performance levels in actual fielded systems comparable to those currently being measured in technology demonstration programs, then significant improvements in overall warfighting capability can be expected. They also demonstrate the need for an optimized system concept and machine interface to fully exploit the advantages of ATR information during time compressed searches. C1 USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Reago, DA (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3178-4 PY 1997 BP 8 EP 15 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK31P UT WOS:000071758900002 ER PT B AU Pham, T Sadler, B Fong, MF Messer, D AF Pham, T Sadler, B Fong, MF Messer, D BE Chait, R Kominos, C Shur, MS Stroscio, M Valdes, JJ TI High-resolution acoustic direction-finding algorithm to detect and track ground vehicles SO TWENTIETH ARMY SCIENCE CONFERENCE - AWARD WINNING PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th United-States-Army Science Conference - Science and Technology for Force XXI: The Force of the 21st-Century CY JUN 24-JUL 27, 1996 CL NORFOLK, VA SP USA, Assistant Secretary Army Res Dev & Acquisit AB For our experiments, we use an incoherent wideband adaptive signal subspace algorithm for high-resolution aeroacoustic direction-finding. In this paper, we present experimental results for a circular array. In particular, the wideband incoherent MUSIC algorithm shows distinct improvements, as expected, over conventional beamforming in terms of accuracy and the ability to resolve multiple ground targets. Computational complexity is an issue, but can be reduced by using alternatives to full eigen-analysis for real-time implementation in the ARL sensor testbed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Pham, T (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3178-4 PY 1997 BP 16 EP 20 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK31P UT WOS:000071758900003 ER PT B AU Crenshaw, ME Bowden, CM AF Crenshaw, ME Bowden, CM BE Chait, R Kominos, C Shur, MS Stroscio, M Valdes, JJ TI Nonlinear and quantum optics of multicomponent media SO TWENTIETH ARMY SCIENCE CONFERENCE - AWARD WINNING PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th United-States-Army Science Conference - Science and Technology for Force XXI: The Force of the 21st-Century CY JUN 24-JUL 27, 1996 CL NORFOLK, VA SP USA, Assistant Secretary Army Res Dev & Acquisit AB At densities that are typical of condensed matter, a propagating electromagnetic field mediates interactions between polarizable constituents of a material in what is known as the local-field effect. Previous investigations of the local-field effect have been limited to a single polarizable component of a nonlinear material. For multicomponent media, we have found that the interaction of laser radiation with an optically nonlinear component of condensed matter is fundamentally altered by the presence of another polarizable component as a result of the local-field effect. Novel effects that we have discovered include local-field enhancement effects, local cooperative decays, and coherence transfer and coherence exchange processes. C1 USA, Missile Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Weapons Sci Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Crenshaw, ME (reprint author), USA, Missile Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Weapons Sci Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3178-4 PY 1997 BP 21 EP 25 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK31P UT WOS:000071758900004 ER PT B AU Sturek, W Ray, S Aliabadi, S Waters, C Tezduyar, T AF Sturek, W Ray, S Aliabadi, S Waters, C Tezduyar, T BE Chait, R Kominos, C Shur, MS Stroscio, M Valdes, JJ TI Parallel finite element computation of missile flow fields SO TWENTIETH ARMY SCIENCE CONFERENCE - AWARD WINNING PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th United-States-Army Science Conference - Science and Technology for Force XXI: The Force of the 21st-Century CY JUN 24-JUL 27, 1996 CL NORFOLK, VA SP USA, Assistant Secretary Army Res Dev & Acquisit AB The compressible, Navier-Stokes flow solver developed by the authors at the Army HPC Research Center is used to study missile aerodynamics at supersonic speeds and high angles of attack for large Reynolds numbers flow conditions. The goal of this study is the evaluation of this Navier-Stokes computational technique for the prediction of separated flow fields around high length-to-diameter (L/D) bodies at moderate angles of attack and supersonic velocities. In particular, this paper addresses two issues: turbulence modeling within the finite-element computational technique; and efficient performance of the computational technique on two multiprocessor mainframes, the Thinking Machines CM-5 and GRAY T3D. Comparisons are shown between the computation and experiment for the supersonic ramp flow to evaluate the suitability of the turbulence model. Also, results of the computations for the missile flow fields are shown for laminar and turbulent viscous effects. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Sturek, W (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3178-4 PY 1997 BP 29 EP 33 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK31P UT WOS:000071758900005 ER PT B AU Lin, MC AF Lin, MC BE Chait, R Kominos, C Shur, MS Stroscio, M Valdes, JJ TI Building simulations for virtual environments and prototyping SO TWENTIETH ARMY SCIENCE CONFERENCE - AWARD WINNING PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th United-States-Army Science Conference - Science and Technology for Force XXI: The Force of the 21st-Century CY JUN 24-JUL 27, 1996 CL NORFOLK, VA SP USA, Assistant Secretary Army Res Dev & Acquisit AB In this paper, we describe a dynamic simulation system which provides accurate collision detection and response at interactive rates. Our collision detection algorithms utilize the properties of "locality" and "coherence". As for collision response, we use a simple yet efficient and accurate "impulsed-based scheme" to compute the dynamics necessary to generate an appropriate response according to Newtonian physics. C1 USA, Res Off, Div Math & Comp Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lin, MC (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Div Math & Comp Sci, 4300 S Miami Blvd,POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3178-4 PY 1997 BP 34 EP 38 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK31P UT WOS:000071758900006 ER PT B AU Rice, BM Pai, SV Chabalowski, CF AF Rice, BM Pai, SV Chabalowski, CF BE Chait, R Kominos, C Shur, MS Stroscio, M Valdes, JJ TI Theoretical determination of potential hazards in the handling of CK and AC munitions SO TWENTIETH ARMY SCIENCE CONFERENCE - AWARD WINNING PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th United-States-Army Science Conference - Science and Technology for Force XXI: The Force of the 21st-Century CY JUN 24-JUL 27, 1996 CL NORFOLK, VA SP USA, Assistant Secretary Army Res Dev & Acquisit AB Quantum mechanical calculations [ab initio and Density Functional Theory (DFT)] were performed to investigate reaction mechanisms for formation and decomposition of the six-membered rings C3N3X3, where X denotes Cl or H. C3N3Cl3 (cyanuric chloride) and C3N3H3 (sym-triazine) are the polymerization products of agents CK (ClCN) and AC (HCN). The process of the polymerization to the trimer species of CK and AC has long been rumored to be highly exothermic and thought to be the cause of explosions of cylinders containing these agents. The calculations presented here determine energy release upon reaction, activation barriers and details of the reaction mechanisms for the polymerization of these agents. The calculations investigate concerted triple association and step-wise addition reactions leading to the trimers, and provide information on the low-energy pathway to polymerization. Ab initio MP2 and non-local DFT geometry optimizations for critical points on the CK and AC potential energy surfaces were calculated with the 6-311+G* and cc-pVTZ basis sets, respectively. The MP2 calculations were followed by QCISD(T) energy refinements for the AC system. Good agreement with experiment is found for the predicted geometries and frequencies of sym-triazine, HCN, ClCN and cyanuric chloride. All calculations indicate that CK and AC have similar features on the potential energy surfaces for the trimerization reactions. All calculations show that the lowest-energy formation mechanism for trimerization is the concerted triple association. In both chemical systems, a weakly-bound (XCN)(3) cluster is a pre-reaction intermediate to the trimerization. This reduces entropic hindrance to the unusual concerted triple association of the CK and AC molecules. Both systems have a large energy release upon trimerization and similar barriers to activation of the reactions. The energy available to the surrounding system upon crossing the reaction barrier is sufficient to initiate chain reactions. Preliminary studies on polymerization reactions of AC and CK to the tetramers predict significant energy release that could initiate additional reactions. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Rice, BM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3178-4 PY 1997 BP 41 EP 45 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK31P UT WOS:000071758900007 ER PT B AU Maxwell, DM Lanclos, KD Benschop, HP AF Maxwell, DM Lanclos, KD Benschop, HP BE Chait, R Kominos, C Shur, MS Stroscio, M Valdes, JJ TI Carbosylesterase: Regulatory control and peptide-induced secretion of an endogenous scavenger for organophosphorus agents SO TWENTIETH ARMY SCIENCE CONFERENCE - AWARD WINNING PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th United-States-Army Science Conference - Science and Technology for Force XXI: The Force of the 21st-Century CY JUN 24-JUL 27, 1996 CL NORFOLK, VA SP USA, Assistant Secretary Army Res Dev & Acquisit AB Current medical treatment against organophosphorus chemical warfare agents Cie., nerve agents) is effective in protecting against lethality, but survivors of exposure to multiple lethal doses of nerve agents exhibit postexposure incapacitation. Our toxicokinetic studies of the nerve agent soman revealed that postexposure incapacitation was most likely due to the persistence of toxic levels of soman in blood for as long as 5 hr after exposure. Our approach to alleviating this incapacitation problem was to attempt to sequester soman with carboxylesterase (CaE), an endogenous scavenger for nerve agents. By carboxyl terminal mutagenesis of human CaE expressed in the HepG2 cell line and by comparison of carboxyl terminal sequences of CaE from different species, the retention signal that controls secretion of CaE from liver into plasma was identified as His-X-Glu-Leu. To competitively inhibit the retention signal receptor for CaE and stimulate secretion of CaE, a peptide with the sequence His-Ile-Glu-Leu was synthesized and evaluated for its ability to cause in vitro secretion of CaE from liver microsomes. Complete secretion of microsomal-bound CaE into the surrounding medium was achieved with 5 mu M peptide in 30 min at 25 degrees C (pH 7.4). These observations suggest that a peptide drug should be able to effectively increase plasma levels of an endogenous scavenger for nerve agents to provide improved protection against these chemical warfare agents. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Maxwell, DM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3178-4 PY 1997 BP 46 EP 50 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK31P UT WOS:000071758900008 ER PT B AU Rabin, J AF Rabin, J BE Chait, R Kominos, C Shur, MS Stroscio, M Valdes, JJ TI Measuring visual resolution in the contrast domain: The Small Letter Contrast Test SO TWENTIETH ARMY SCIENCE CONFERENCE - AWARD WINNING PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th United-States-Army Science Conference - Science and Technology for Force XXI: The Force of the 21st-Century CY JUN 24-JUL 27, 1996 CL NORFOLK, VA SP USA, Assistant Secretary Army Res Dev & Acquisit AB Previous studies showed that small letter contrast sensitivity (CS) is more sensitive than visual acuity (VA) to blur, light intensity, binocular vision, and visual differences among pilot trainees. It would be valuable to make this test available for general use. We developed a hard copy (letter chart) version called the Small Letter Contrast Test (SLCT) and evaluated its sensitivity and reliability in comparison to standard vision tests. The SLCT has 14 lines of letters with 10 letters per line. The letters are of constant size (20/25 at 4m), but vary in contrast by line in 0.1 log steps (0.01 log units per letter). Normal room illumination is used. The SLCT was evaluated in 16 subjects under various conditions (i.e., spherical and astigmatic blur, low luminance, one eye vs. two) to determine test sensitivity and reliability, and in patients with clinical conditions. Scores were compared to those obtained with standard tests of VA and CS. SLCT scores were similar to previous studies, and retest reliability was one line. The SLCT was more sensitive than VA to blur, luminance, and vision with two eyes vs. one. Greater sensitivity of the SLCT endured despite correction for variability. The SLCT was more sensitive than standard tests to visual loss from early cataract, keratoconus, corneal infiltrates, edema, and amblyopia. The SLCT reveals subtle visual loss that escapes detection by standard techniques. It will prove useful for monitoring vision in refractive surgery, corneal and macular edema, optic neuritis, and for evaluation of candidates for occupations requiring unique visual abilities like space and aviation. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Rabin, J (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3178-4 PY 1997 BP 51 EP 55 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK31P UT WOS:000071758900009 ER PT B AU Emanuel, PA Valdes, JJ Eldefrawi, ME AF Emanuel, PA Valdes, JJ Eldefrawi, ME BE Chait, R Kominos, C Shur, MS Stroscio, M Valdes, JJ TI Production of recombinant antibodies for biosensor applications SO TWENTIETH ARMY SCIENCE CONFERENCE - AWARD WINNING PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th United-States-Army Science Conference - Science and Technology for Force XXI: The Force of the 21st-Century CY JUN 24-JUL 27, 1996 CL NORFOLK, VA SP USA, Assistant Secretary Army Res Dev & Acquisit AB The need to isolate clones with rare binding specificities has required the use of a highly efficient method of screening and isolating antibody clones. The production of recombinant antibody libraries in bacteria allows for a more controlled selection of immunoglobulin specificity and can be used in circumstances where hybridoma fusions are unable to isolate rare clones with the desired epitope specificity. initial screens of a combinatorial library directed against botulinum neurotoxin complex revealed clones which recognized the non neurotoxin proteins of the toxin complex similar to monoclonal antibodies produced by conventional hybridoma fusions. The combinatorial library was re-screened in order to isolate antibodies that specifically recognized the neurotoxin component of the toxin complex. The ability to alter the biopanning selection provides the researcher a measure of control over the selection process not available with traditional hybridoma fusions. The recombinant Fabs were biomanufactured in bacterial fermentation systems, purified through an engineered affinity tag and mounted on a fiber optic immunosensor to detect botulinum toxin. C1 USA, Res & Technol Directorate, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Emanuel, PA (reprint author), USA, Res & Technol Directorate, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3178-4 PY 1997 BP 56 EP 60 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK31P UT WOS:000071758900010 ER PT B AU Ulrich, RG AF Ulrich, RG BE Chait, R Kominos, C Shur, MS Stroscio, M Valdes, JJ TI A protein engineering approach to designing staphylococcal enterotoxin vaccines SO TWENTIETH ARMY SCIENCE CONFERENCE - AWARD WINNING PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th United-States-Army Science Conference - Science and Technology for Force XXI: The Force of the 21st-Century CY JUN 24-JUL 27, 1996 CL NORFOLK, VA SP USA, Assistant Secretary Army Res Dev & Acquisit AB A vaccine was designed by site-directed mutagenesis of staphylococcal enterotoxin B protein surfaces in contact with receptors. The mutagenesis strategy was guided by molecular modelling of receptor and ligand complexes. To identify the important molecular features of toxicity, the interactions of staphylococcal enterotoxin B with two essential cellular receptors were first addressed with mutant toxin that had diminished binding to either the major histocompatibility complex class II molecule or the T-cell antigen receptor. Attenuation of several disease markers and retention of antigenic structure were evaluated for each engineered mutation. The greatest disruption of biological activity was obtained by targeting interactions with the major histocompatibility class II receptor. The design of the vaccine was then optimized by computational studies of the effects of replacing essential amino acid residues. The final engineered product was found to be nontoxic and highly immunogenic in mice and rhesus monkeys. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Ulrich, RG (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3178-4 PY 1997 BP 61 EP 66 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK31P UT WOS:000071758900011 ER PT B AU Sausa, RC Anderson, WR Singh, G Lemire, GW AF Sausa, RC Anderson, WR Singh, G Lemire, GW BE Chait, R Kominos, C Shur, MS Stroscio, M Valdes, JJ TI Molecular beam mass spectrometric and modeling studies of neat and NH3-doped low pressure H-2/N2O/Ar flames: Formation and consumption of NO SO TWENTIETH ARMY SCIENCE CONFERENCE - AWARD WINNING PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th United-States-Army Science Conference - Science and Technology for Force XXI: The Force of the 21st-Century CY JUN 24-JUL 27, 1996 CL NORFOLK, VA SP USA, Assistant Secretary Army Res Dev & Acquisit AB An experimental and chemical modeling study of neat and NH3-doped H-2/N2O/Ar flames is conducted in order to understand the fundamental mechanism for NO conversion to the final products when trace concentrations of NH, are added. Temperature and species profiles are measured with a thin wire thermocouple and a quadrupole mass spectrometer, respectively. The experimental mole fractions are compared to both equilibrium and premixed, laminar flame code calculations. The flame code employs a chemical mechanism consisting of 83 reactions and 20 species with rate constants obtained from a critical literature review. Equilibrium calculations are in very good agreement with experimental measurements and flame code calculations for N2O, N-2, and H2O in the post flame region of both neat and doped flames. However, they underpredict the IE,and NO mole fraction in both neat and doped flames, proving that NO is not in equilibrium and prevents full energy release in the flames. The flame code profiles of the majority species agree very well with experiment for the neat flame and reasonably well for the doped flame. A 55% reduction in the NO mole fraction for 4% dopant is predicted in the post flame region, in good agreement with that observed experimentally. The flame calculations overpredict, however, the NH, mole fractions in the post flame region, suggesting that refinements in the model are necessary. Rate and sensitivity analyses performed on both neat and doped flames reveal that the decrease in NO mole fraction results from less NO formation in the doped flame by reactions N2O + H = NO + NH and N + OH = NO + H and more of its consumption to N,by reactions NO + NH2 = N-2 + H2O and NO + NH2 = NNH+OH. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Sausa, RC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3178-4 PY 1997 BP 67 EP 71 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK31P UT WOS:000071758900012 ER PT B AU Schihl, P Bryzik, W Schwarz, E Danielson, E AF Schihl, P Bryzik, W Schwarz, E Danielson, E BE Chait, R Kominos, C Shur, MS Stroscio, M Valdes, JJ TI Modeling of the mixings/combustion process in a quiescent chamber DI diesel engine SO TWENTIETH ARMY SCIENCE CONFERENCE - AWARD WINNING PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th United-States-Army Science Conference - Science and Technology for Force XXI: The Force of the 21st-Century CY JUN 24-JUL 27, 1996 CL NORFOLK, VA SP USA, Assistant Secretary Army Res Dev & Acquisit AB A global mixing and combustion model has been developed for a low swirl, direct injection (DI) diesel engine. It includes relevant injection parameters, the engine operating condition (speed and load), and in-cylinder thermodynamic state through a variety of submodels which encompass only one combustion chamber dependent constant. Other similar models possess much more empiricism and additional constants. As a corollary, a spray penetration model was developed and validated by data from three independent sources - Sandia National Labs and the Universities of Wisconsin and Hiroshima. Similarly, the combustion model has also been compared with experimental data generated at TARDEC (under four engine operating conditions) and shows a great deal of promise. Future plans are being made to further validate the model for another quiescent type diesel engine in conjunction with continued development of the injection rate and wall heat loss modules. C1 USA, Tank Automot RDE Ctr, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Schihl, P (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot RDE Ctr, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3178-4 PY 1997 BP 80 EP 92 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK31P UT WOS:000071758900014 ER PT B AU Kecskes, LJ Hall, IW AF Kecskes, LJ Hall, IW BE Chait, R Kominos, C Shur, MS Stroscio, M Valdes, JJ TI The fabrication and high-strain-rate properties of hot-explosively-compacted tungsten-titanium alloys SO TWENTIETH ARMY SCIENCE CONFERENCE - AWARD WINNING PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th United-States-Army Science Conference - Science and Technology for Force XXI: The Force of the 21st-Century CY JUN 24-JUL 27, 1996 CL NORFOLK, VA SP USA, Assistant Secretary Army Res Dev & Acquisit AB A unique, two-step hot explosive compaction (HEC) process has been applied to the tungsten-titanium (W-Ti) system to produce full-density alloys. W and Ti precursor powders of the alloy billet were first preheated by an externally placed combustion synthesis reaction. After a time delay, the powder mixture was isothermal, and was compacted to high density by the pressure waves generated by the detonation of an explosive. The properties of the resultant alloy, consisting of W grains embedded in a Ti-rich, beta-Ti/W solid solution, can be adjusted by changes in processing conditions. More importantly, in compressive split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests, the 95W-5Ti (wt.%) alloy demonstrates the propensity of the W-Ti alloys to undergo shear localization at high strain rates. The effects of increasing strain rate, orientation, and spatial location within the alloy billet, as well as the sensitivity to specimen geometry were examined. The fabrication methodology, and the results of the high-strain-rate SHPB experiments, as well as the microstructural characteristics of the sheared regions are discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Kecskes, LJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3178-4 PY 1997 BP 93 EP 97 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK31P UT WOS:000071758900015 ER PT B AU Gold, VM Vradis, GC Pearson, JC AF Gold, VM Vradis, GC Pearson, JC BE Chait, R Kominos, C Shur, MS Stroscio, M Valdes, JJ TI Concrete constitutive modelling in high velocity penetration analysis SO TWENTIETH ARMY SCIENCE CONFERENCE - AWARD WINNING PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th United-States-Army Science Conference - Science and Technology for Force XXI: The Force of the 21st-Century CY JUN 24-JUL 27, 1996 CL NORFOLK, VA SP USA, Assistant Secretary Army Res Dev & Acquisit AB A combined numerical and analytical study of penetration of concrete by high velocity (similar to 1.8 km/s) projectiles has been conducted, The effects of concrete's constitutive modelling on penetration calculations were studied and are discussed. The results of the analysis are compared with the available experimental data. All constitutive models studied accounted for the compressibility of concrete. Regardless of the value of the yield strength, application of a constant yield strength model resulted in nearly identical hole profiles which, in all cases, significantly disagreed with. the experimental data. Crater profiles calculated with the pressure-dependent yield model showed good agreement with the available experimental data. The reduction in the calculated crater profiles was attributed to the increased target resistance to penetration. The paper presents a detailed analysis which shows that inclusion of the yield strength-pressure dependency in the constitutive model significantly increases the target's resistance to penetration. C1 USA, ARDEC, AMSTA, AR,AEE W,Energet & Warheads Div, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Gold, VM (reprint author), USA, ARDEC, AMSTA, AR,AEE W,Energet & Warheads Div, Bldg 3022, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3178-4 PY 1997 BP 98 EP 102 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK31P UT WOS:000071758900016 ER PT B AU Biltoft, CA Oran, ES Boris, JP Lind, CA Mitchell, WJ AF Biltoft, CA Oran, ES Boris, JP Lind, CA Mitchell, WJ BE Chait, R Kominos, C Shur, MS Stroscio, M Valdes, JJ TI Source characterization modeling for demil operations SO TWENTIETH ARMY SCIENCE CONFERENCE - AWARD WINNING PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th United-States-Army Science Conference - Science and Technology for Force XXI: The Force of the 21st-Century CY JUN 24-JUL 27, 1996 CL NORFOLK, VA SP USA, Assistant Secretary Army Res Dev & Acquisit AB Reactive flow computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is being applied to the elimination of unwanted conventional munition inventories. This modeling, which includes numerical time-resolved compressible flow and detonation chemistry algorithms, aids in the assessment of burn/detonation emissions factors, evaluation of mitigation strategies, and design of open burn and open detonation containment facilities. A measurement and modeling program is being implemented to guide the elimination of the unwanted inventories in a safe, cost-effective, and environmentally responsible manner. C1 USA, W Desert Test Ctr, Dugway, UT 84022 USA. RP Biltoft, CA (reprint author), USA, W Desert Test Ctr, Dugway, UT 84022 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3178-4 PY 1997 BP 103 EP 107 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK31P UT WOS:000071758900017 ER PT B AU Shen, PH Pamulapati, J Wraback, M Zhou, WM Taysing-Lara, M Dutta, M AF Shen, PH Pamulapati, J Wraback, M Zhou, WM Taysing-Lara, M Dutta, M BE Chait, R Kominos, C Shur, MS Stroscio, M Valdes, JJ TI Strain engineered semiconductor heterostructures for novel optoelectronic devices SO TWENTIETH ARMY SCIENCE CONFERENCE - AWARD WINNING PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th United-States-Army Science Conference - Science and Technology for Force XXI: The Force of the 21st-Century CY JUN 24-JUL 27, 1996 CL NORFOLK, VA SP USA, Assistant Secretary Army Res Dev & Acquisit AB In this paper we show that in addition to improving the performance of existing components, strain may be used to achieve greater functionality in novel optoelectronic devices. We give as examples three such devices that we have conceived and demonstrated, in the two areas of strain, lattice mismatch induced and thermal expansion coefficient mismatch induced. The higher performance and functionality in these devices demonstrate that strain engineered heterostructures are a very promising area for device research and development. C1 USA, Res Lab, Phys Sci Directorate, AMSRL,PS,PB, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Shen, PH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Phys Sci Directorate, AMSRL,PS,PB, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3178-4 PY 1997 BP 111 EP 115 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK31P UT WOS:000071758900018 ER PT B AU Choi, KK Chang, WH Chen, CJ Tsui, DC AF Choi, KK Chang, WH Chen, CJ Tsui, DC BE Chait, R Kominos, C Shur, MS Stroscio, M Valdes, JJ TI New light coupling scheme and quantum transition noise of quantum well infrared photodetectors SO TWENTIETH ARMY SCIENCE CONFERENCE - AWARD WINNING PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th United-States-Army Science Conference - Science and Technology for Force XXI: The Force of the 21st-Century CY JUN 24-JUL 27, 1996 CL NORFOLK, VA SP USA, Assistant Secretary Army Res Dev & Acquisit AB Long wavelength infrared detection is critical to the Army's war fighting capability. In this work, we describe a new approach of light coupling to a quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) to enhance its sensitivity. With the new approach, the quantum efficiency of a QWIP can be increased by a factor of four, while the dark current is reduced by a factor of two; the overall sensitivity thereby increases by a factor of 5.6. With these improvements, the detector can be operated at a much higher temperature. In addition, the coupling scheme is pixel size and detection wavelength independent, enabling the QWIP used in multicolor detection. In this work, we will also discuss the noise properties of a QWIP, which play a critical role in detector design and optimization. C1 USA, Res Lab, PSD, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07724 USA. RP Choi, KK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, PSD, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07724 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3178-4 PY 1997 BP 116 EP 120 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK31P UT WOS:000071758900019 ER PT B AU Harvey, JF Steer, MB Mink, JW Hwang, HS Nuteson, TW Paolella, AC AF Harvey, JF Steer, MB Mink, JW Hwang, HS Nuteson, TW Paolella, AC BE Chait, R Kominos, C Shur, MS Stroscio, M Valdes, JJ TI Advances in quasi-optical power combiners provide path to radar and communications enhancements SO TWENTIETH ARMY SCIENCE CONFERENCE - AWARD WINNING PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th United-States-Army Science Conference - Science and Technology for Force XXI: The Force of the 21st-Century CY JUN 24-JUL 27, 1996 CL NORFOLK, VA SP USA, Assistant Secretary Army Res Dev & Acquisit AB Recent advances in the state-of-the-art for quasi-optical power combining systems are described, with significant potential impact on military electronics systems. A novel Green's function, which efficiently describes the electromagnetic propagation in a complete 3 dimensional quasi-optical system, was developed and applied in a Method of Moments computer algorithm to form the analytical engine of a powerful Computer Aided Design system. In this method, the overall Green's function describing the propagation through the quasi-optical sequence of lenses and amplifier or oscillator arrays is decomposed into two parts, describing the quasi-optical paraxial fields and the remaining radiated fields respectively. The Green's function was computed in part in the spectral domain to avoid singularities and in part in the spatial domain to efficiently calculate the effects of components well separated in space. Accurate computational results were obtained for the first time for a finite metal grid array in a lens system. These results are verified by experiment. In addition, a highly innovative 2 dimensional planar combining architecture was demonstrated for the first time, with significant potential advantages in size, heat dissipation, and ruggedness over conventional quasi-optical architectures which use large 3 dimensional spatial volumes for the power combining. Efficient combining of a four element array of oscillators and 14 dB gain in a four element amplifier array were demonstrated in initial experiments at X-band. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Harvey, JF (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3178-4 PY 1997 BP 121 EP 125 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK31P UT WOS:000071758900020 ER PT B AU Sengupta, LC Ngo, E Sengupta, S Stowell, S AF Sengupta, LC Ngo, E Sengupta, S Stowell, S BE Chait, R Kominos, C Shur, MS Stroscio, M Valdes, JJ TI Multi-process synthesis of novel ferroelectric oxide ceramic composites for use in phased array antennas SO TWENTIETH ARMY SCIENCE CONFERENCE - AWARD WINNING PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th United-States-Army Science Conference - Science and Technology for Force XXI: The Force of the 21st-Century CY JUN 24-JUL 27, 1996 CL NORFOLK, VA SP USA, Assistant Secretary Army Res Dev & Acquisit AB Various composites of barium strontium titanium oxide (BSTO) combined with other nonelectrically active oxide ceramics have been formulated ibr its application in phased array antennas. in general, the composites have adjustable electronic properties which can be tailored for use in phased army antennas and other phase shifting devices. The dielectric constant and the loss tangents have been reduced to enhance the overall impedance matching and thereby lowering the insertion loss of the device. In addition, the overall tunability, the change in the dielectric constant with applied voltage, is maintained at a sufficiently high level. In order to address a broad frequency range in the microwave regime, the composites have been fabricated in bulk ceramic, thick films, and thin film form. This paper will present a complete evaluation of the processing, materials characteristics, and breakthrough performance levels of these novel ceramic composites for use in Army electronic devices. C1 USA, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Sengupta, LC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3178-4 PY 1997 BP 126 EP 134 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK31P UT WOS:000071758900021 ER PT B AU Sabio, V AF Sabio, V BE Baum, CE Carin, L Stone, AP TI Spectral correlation of wideband target resonances SO ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics (UWB,SP 3) CY MAY 27-31, 1996 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Summa Fdn, Permanent HPEM Comm RP Sabio, V (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,MICROWAVE SENSORS BRANCH,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45593-5 PY 1997 BP 335 EP 342 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BH71A UT WOS:A1997BH71A00040 ER PT S AU Snyder, DR Payne, S Keller, E Longo, S Caudle, DE Walker, DC Sartor, MA Keeler, J Kerr, D Fail, W Gannon, J Carrol, E Jamison, T AF Snyder, DR Payne, S Keller, E Longo, S Caudle, DE Walker, DC Sartor, MA Keeler, J Kerr, D Fail, W Gannon, J Carrol, E Jamison, T BE Davidhazy, A Etoh, T Johnson, CB Snyder, DR Walton, JS TI A Hi-G electronic gated camera for precision trajectory analysis SO ULTRAHIGH- AND HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND IMAGE-BASED MOTION MEASUREMENT SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultrahigh-Speed and High-Speed Photography and Imaged-based Motion Measurement CY JUL 28-30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB It is extremely difficult and expensive to determine the flight attitude and aimpoint of small maneuvering miniature air vehicles from ground based fixed or tracking photography. Telemetry alone cannot provide sufficient information bandwidth on "what" the ground tracking is seeing and consequently "why" it did or did not; function properly. Additionally, it is anticipated that "smart" and "brilliant" guided vehicles now in development will require a high resolution imaging support system to determine which target and which part of a ground feature is being used for navigation or targeting. Other requirements include support of sub-component separation from developmental supersonic vehicles, where the clean separation from the container is not determinable from ground based film systems and film cameras do not survive vehicle breakup and impact, Hence, the requirement is to develop and demonstrate an Imaging support system for development/testing that can provide the Eight vehicle developer/analyst with imagery (combined with miniature telemetry sources) sufficient to recreate the trajectory, terminal navigation, and flight termination events. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Expt Dynam Sect, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. US Army Res, Dev & Engn Command, AMSTA AR FST E, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. Xyb Elect Syst, San Diego, CA 92126 USA. Sverdrup Corp, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Snyder, DR (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Expt Dynam Sect, 101 W Eglin Blvd Ste 309, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2595-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3173 BP 262 EP 273 DI 10.1117/12.294547 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BK21R UT WOS:000071550800030 ER PT S AU McKee, JW Burgett, SJ AF McKee, JW Burgett, SJ BE Davidhazy, A Etoh, T Johnson, CB Snyder, DR Walton, JS TI Implicit multi-plane 3D camera calibration matrices for stereo image processing SO ULTRAHIGH- AND HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND IMAGE-BASED MOTION MEASUREMENT SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultrahigh-Speed and High-Speed Photography and Imaged-based Motion Measurement CY JUL 28-30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE three dimensional camera calibration; implicit camera calibration; stereo camera calibration AB By implicit camera calibration, we mean ?he process of calibrating cameras without explicitly computing their physical parameters. We introduce a new implicit model based on a generalized mapping between an image plane and multiple, parallel calibration planes (usually between four to seven planes). This paper presents a method of computing a relationship between a point on a three-dimensional (3D) object and its corresponding two-dimensional (2D) coordinate in a camera image. This relationship is expanded to form a mapping of points in 3D space to points in image (camera) space and visa versa that requires only matrix multiplication operations. This paper presents the rationale behind the selection of the forms of four matrices and the algorithms to calculate the parameters for the matrices. Two of the matrices are used to map 3D points in object space to 2D points on the CCD camera image plane. The other two matrices are used to map 2D points on the image plane to points on user defined planes in 3D object space. The mappings include compensation for lens distortion and measurement errors. The number of parameters used can be increased, in a straight forward fashion, to calculate and use as many parameters as needed to obtain a user desired accuracy. Previous methods of camera calibration use a fixed number of parameters which can limit the obtainable accuracy and most require the solution of non-linear equations. The procedure presented can be used to calibrate a single camera to make 2D measurements or calibrate stereo cameras to make 3D measurements. Positional accuracy of better than 3 parts in 10,000 have been achieved. The algorithms in this paper were developed and are implemented in MTLAB(R) (registered trademark of The Math Works, inc.). We have developed a system to analyze the path of optical fiber during high speed payout (unwinding) of optical fiber off a bobbin This requires recording and analyzing high speed (5 mu s exposure time), synchronous, stereo images of the optical fiber during payout, A 3D equation for the fiber at an instant in time is calculated from the corresponding pair of stereo images as follows. In each image, about 20 points along the 2D projection of the fiber are located. Each of these "fiber points" in one image is mapped to its projection line in 3D space. Each projection line is mapped into another line in the second image. The intersection of each mapped projection line and a curve fitted to the fiber points of the second image (fiber projection in second image) is calculated. Each intersection point is mapped back to the 3D space. A 3D fiber coordinate is formed from the intersection, in 3D space, of a mapped intersection point with its corresponding projection line. The 3D equation for the fiber is computed from this ordered list of 3D coordinates. This process requires a method of accurately mapping 2D (image space) to 3D (abject space) and visa versa. C1 Morgan Res Corp, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. USA, Missile Command, AMSMI RD MG NC, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP McKee, JW (reprint author), Morgan Res Corp, 2707 Artie,St Suite 17, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2595-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3173 BP 330 EP 344 DI 10.1117/12.294527 PG 15 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BK21R UT WOS:000071550800039 ER PT S AU Thacker, C Perconti, P Gillespie, JB Steele, PM AF Thacker, C Perconti, P Gillespie, JB Steele, PM BE Davidhazy, A Etoh, T Johnson, CB Snyder, DR Walton, JS TI Electro-optical trade study for the US Army Air Warrior Program SO ULTRAHIGH- AND HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND IMAGE-BASED MOTION MEASUREMENT SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultrahigh-Speed and High-Speed Photography and Imaged-based Motion Measurement CY JUL 28-30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE trade study; image intensifier; helmet mounted display; Air Warrior AB Air Warrior is a program to define a fully integrated ensemble of equipment to be worn and/or carried by Army aviators. The U.S. Army Night Vision Directorate has conducted a trade study of helmet mounted intensifier and display components having potential utility for Air Warrior. Over two dozen technical design issues were identified (FOV, resolution, mass, symbology viewability, etc.) These were categorized, prioritized and assigned relative weightings amongst each other. Each was also given its own individual scoring metric on a 100 point maximum scale. The scoring system was implemented in a database/model and exercised against over sixty systems differing in number of image intensifier tubes, tube sizes, objective optics, and HMD technologies. The resulting model allows complex systems to be related to one another quantitatively on a common basis. While the benefit of substantial scientific understanding was applied in developing these metrics, the scope of the undertaking and the wide range of issues also required careful use of subjective judgment. Definitive. quantitative studies have not been concluded on all parameters relevant to Air Warrior, however, the NVESD team believes that the product of this study is as forward thinking and applicable to near-future Army aviation as is possible given the current understanding of the myriad issues involved. The database/model is expected to evolve as the scientific knowledge base grows. This paper discusses model development and sample results of comparison exercises. For more detailed information, readers are referred to the 200 page final report which may be requested through Mr. Brian Gillespie at NVESD, Fort Belvoir, Virginia. C1 DCS Corp, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. QuesTech Inc, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA. RP Thacker, C (reprint author), DCS Corp, 1330 Braddock Pl, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2595-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3173 BP 458 EP 468 DI 10.1117/12.294536 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BK21R UT WOS:000071550800049 ER PT S AU Gilligan, KJ Geisbert, JB Jahrling, PB Anderson, K AF Gilligan, KJ Geisbert, JB Jahrling, PB Anderson, K BE Brown, F Burton, D Doherty, P Mekalanos, J Norrby, E TI Assessment of protective immunity conferred by recombinant vaccinia viruses to guinea pigs challenged with Ebola virus SO VACCINES 97 - MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO THE CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES SE VACCINES (COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY PRESS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Meeting on Modern Approaches to the Control of Infectious Diseases CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY SP Pharmacia LKB Biotechnol, Alza Corp, Amgen Inc, BASF Biores Corp, Becton Dickinson & Co, Boehringer Mannheim Corp, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Chiron Corp, Chugai Res Inst Molec Med Inc, Diagnost Prod Corp, DuPont Merck Pharm Co, Forest Labs Inc, Genentech Inc, Hoechst Marion Roussel Inc, Hoffman La Roche Inc, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd, Life Technol Inc, Eli Lilly & Co, Merck Genome Res InstOncogene Sci Inc, Pall Corp, Perkin Elmer Corp, Appl Biosyst Div, Pfizer Inc, Pharmacia & Upjohn Inc, Research Genet Inc, Sandoz Res Inst, Schering Plough Corp, Sumitomo Pharm Co Ltd, Wyeth Ayerst Res, Zeneca Grp PLC, Amer Cyanamid Co, Kirin Brewery, Monsanto Co, Pioneer Hi Bred Int Inc, Westvaco Corp HO COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB RP Gilligan, KJ (reprint author), USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DIV VIROL,FT DETRICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 10 SKYLINE DRIVE, PLAINVIEW, NY 11803-2500 SN 0899-4056 BN 0-87969-516-1 J9 VACCINES PY 1997 BP 87 EP 92 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology; Virology GA BH99A UT WOS:A1997BH99A00015 ER PT S AU Hevey, M Negley, D Geisbert, J Jahrling, P Schmaljohn, A AF Hevey, M Negley, D Geisbert, J Jahrling, P Schmaljohn, A BE Brown, F Burton, D Doherty, P Mekalanos, J Norrby, E TI Recombinant Marburg virus glycoprotein subunit vaccine protects guinea pigs from lethal infection SO VACCINES 97 - MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO THE CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES SE VACCINES (COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY PRESS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Meeting on Modern Approaches to the Control of Infectious Diseases CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY SP Pharmacia LKB Biotechnol, Alza Corp, Amgen Inc, BASF Biores Corp, Becton Dickinson & Co, Boehringer Mannheim Corp, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Chiron Corp, Chugai Res Inst Molec Med Inc, Diagnost Prod Corp, DuPont Merck Pharm Co, Forest Labs Inc, Genentech Inc, Hoechst Marion Roussel Inc, Hoffman La Roche Inc, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd, Life Technol Inc, Eli Lilly & Co, Merck Genome Res InstOncogene Sci Inc, Pall Corp, Perkin Elmer Corp, Appl Biosyst Div, Pfizer Inc, Pharmacia & Upjohn Inc, Research Genet Inc, Sandoz Res Inst, Schering Plough Corp, Sumitomo Pharm Co Ltd, Wyeth Ayerst Res, Zeneca Grp PLC, Amer Cyanamid Co, Kirin Brewery, Monsanto Co, Pioneer Hi Bred Int Inc, Westvaco Corp HO COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB RP Hevey, M (reprint author), USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DIV VIROL,FT DETRICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 10 SKYLINE DRIVE, PLAINVIEW, NY 11803-2500 SN 0899-4056 BN 0-87969-516-1 J9 VACCINES PY 1997 BP 93 EP 98 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology; Virology GA BH99A UT WOS:A1997BH99A00016 ER PT S AU Heath, DG Anderson, GW Welkos, SL Andrews, GP Friedlander, AM Mauro, JM AF Heath, DG Anderson, GW Welkos, SL Andrews, GP Friedlander, AM Mauro, JM BE Brown, F Burton, D Doherty, P Mekalanos, J Norrby, E TI A recombinant capsular F1-V antigen fusion protein vaccine protects against experimental bubonic and pneumonic plague SO VACCINES 97 - MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO THE CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES SE VACCINES (COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY PRESS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Meeting on Modern Approaches to the Control of Infectious Diseases CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY SP Pharmacia LKB Biotechnol, Alza Corp, Amgen Inc, BASF Biores Corp, Becton Dickinson & Co, Boehringer Mannheim Corp, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Chiron Corp, Chugai Res Inst Molec Med Inc, Diagnost Prod Corp, DuPont Merck Pharm Co, Forest Labs Inc, Genentech Inc, Hoechst Marion Roussel Inc, Hoffman La Roche Inc, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd, Life Technol Inc, Eli Lilly & Co, Merck Genome Res InstOncogene Sci Inc, Pall Corp, Perkin Elmer Corp, Appl Biosyst Div, Pfizer Inc, Pharmacia & Upjohn Inc, Research Genet Inc, Sandoz Res Inst, Schering Plough Corp, Sumitomo Pharm Co Ltd, Wyeth Ayerst Res, Zeneca Grp PLC, Amer Cyanamid Co, Kirin Brewery, Monsanto Co, Pioneer Hi Bred Int Inc, Westvaco Corp HO COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB RP Heath, DG (reprint author), USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIOL,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 10 SKYLINE DRIVE, PLAINVIEW, NY 11803-2500 SN 0899-4056 BN 0-87969-516-1 J9 VACCINES PY 1997 BP 197 EP 200 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology; Virology GA BH99A UT WOS:A1997BH99A00034 ER PT S AU Pushko, P Parker, M Geisbert, J Negley, D Schmaljohn, A Jahrling, PB Smith, JF Sanchez, A AF Pushko, P Parker, M Geisbert, J Negley, D Schmaljohn, A Jahrling, PB Smith, JF Sanchez, A BE Brown, F Burton, D Doherty, P Mekalanos, J Norrby, E TI Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon vector: Immunogenicity studies with Ebola NP and GP genes in guinea pigs SO VACCINES 97 - MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO THE CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES SE VACCINES (COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY PRESS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Meeting on Modern Approaches to the Control of Infectious Diseases CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY SP Pharmacia LKB Biotechnol, Alza Corp, Amgen Inc, BASF Biores Corp, Becton Dickinson & Co, Boehringer Mannheim Corp, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Chiron Corp, Chugai Res Inst Molec Med Inc, Diagnost Prod Corp, DuPont Merck Pharm Co, Forest Labs Inc, Genentech Inc, Hoechst Marion Roussel Inc, Hoffman La Roche Inc, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd, Life Technol Inc, Eli Lilly & Co, Merck Genome Res InstOncogene Sci Inc, Pall Corp, Perkin Elmer Corp, Appl Biosyst Div, Pfizer Inc, Pharmacia & Upjohn Inc, Research Genet Inc, Sandoz Res Inst, Schering Plough Corp, Sumitomo Pharm Co Ltd, Wyeth Ayerst Res, Zeneca Grp PLC, Amer Cyanamid Co, Kirin Brewery, Monsanto Co, Pioneer Hi Bred Int Inc, Westvaco Corp HO COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB RP Pushko, P (reprint author), USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DEPT VIROL,FT DETRICK,MD 21701, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 10 SKYLINE DRIVE, PLAINVIEW, NY 11803-2500 SN 0899-4056 BN 0-87969-516-1 J9 VACCINES PY 1997 BP 253 EP 258 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology; Virology GA BH99A UT WOS:A1997BH99A00043 ER PT J AU Steele, KE Saunders, GK Coleman, GD AF Steele, KE Saunders, GK Coleman, GD TI T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma in a cat SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE B cells; cats; immunohistochemistry; lymphoma; T cells ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS AB T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma is a neoplasm recognized in humans in which a neoplastic proliferation of large B lymphocytes is present amid a background of reactive T lymphocytes. A 13-year-old Domestic Shorthair cat developed a mass in the region of the left parotid gland. Histologically, the mass was composed of scattered large atypical cells within a dense background of uniform small lymphoid cells. Immunohistochemically, the large cells were uniformly labeled using antiserum directed against the B-lymphocyte marker BLA.36, whereas labeling of nearly all of the small cells was limited to the T-lymphocyte marker CD3. The histomorphologic and immunohistochemical features of this unique feline neoplasm are characteristic of T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma of humans. RP Steele, KE (reprint author), USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DIV PATHOL,FT DETRICK,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 34 IS 1 BP 47 EP 49 PG 3 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA WC748 UT WOS:A1997WC74800008 PM 9150546 ER PT B AU Fischer, RL Anderson, JE Satterwhite, MB Ware, JA AF Fischer, RL Anderson, JE Satterwhite, MB Ware, JA GP ASPRS ASPRS TI Fusion of digital multispectral videography with interferometric synthetic aperture radar SO VIDEOGRAPHY AND COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY IN RESOURCE ASSESSMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Biennial Workshop on Videography and Color Photography in Resource Assessment CY APR 29-MAY 01, 1997 CL WESLACO, TX SP Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, USDA Subtrop Agr Res Lab ID IMAGERY AB As new remote sensing systems possessing different spectral and spatial capabilities become available, the fusion of sensors utilizing different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum will accelerate. This paper describes the techniques used to merge interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) with digital multispectral videography (DMSV). A 35-frame digital multispectral mosaic was constructed and merged with the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and backscatter layers derived from an IFSAR airborne X-band radar system Two methods were incorporated in an effort to utilize the combined DMSV-IFSAR data. First, a comparison was made between minimum distance classifications run using the DMSV data only, and with the DMSV combined with the IFSAR backscatter file. Results show that classification accuracies improved when separating trees from other green vegetation. Second, a simple cosine correction algorithm derived form the IFSAR DEM was used to radiometrically adjust the DMSV data for slope and aspect effects.. The utility of this technique was not conclusive. However, a small test area consisting of a grass cover type appears to have been successfully modified. C1 USA, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Fischer, RL (reprint author), USA, Topog Engn Ctr, 7701 Telegraph Rd,Bldg 2592, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA BN 1-57083-050-9 PY 1997 BP 334 EP 345 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Remote Sensing SC Agriculture; Forestry; Remote Sensing GA BM62X UT WOS:000079306700033 ER PT B AU Nasrabadi, NM Venkatraman, M Kwon, H AF Nasrabadi, NM Venkatraman, M Kwon, H BE Biemond, J Delp, EJ TI Compression of SAR imagery using adaptive residual vector quantization SO VISUAL COMMUNICATIONS AND IMAGE PROCESSING '97, PTS 1-2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing CY FEB 12-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc DE SAR image compression; vector quantization; adaptive residual vector quantization; vector prediction; entropy-constrained quantization AB Compression of SAR imagery for battlefield digitization is discussed in this paper. The images are first processed to separate out possible target areas. These target areas are compressed losslessly to avoid any degradation of the images. The background information which is usually necessary to establish context, is compressed using a hybrid vector quantization algorithm. An adaptive variable rate residual vector quantizer is used to compress the residual signal generated by a neural network predictor. The vector quantizer codebooks are optimized for entropy coding using an entropy-constrained algorithm to further improve the coding performance. This constrained vector-quantizer combination performs extremely well as suggested by the experimental results. RP Nasrabadi, NM (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,2800 POWDER MILL RD,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2435-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3024 BP 808 EP 819 DI 10.1117/12.263293 PN 1 & 2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BH22F UT WOS:A1997BH22F00076 ER PT J AU Tran, LP Grundfast, KM AF Tran, LP Grundfast, KM TI Hereditary hearing loss SO VOLTA REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WAARDENBURG SYNDROME; GENE AB With the recent advances in technologies and diagnostic studies, we have been able to identify individuals with hearing loss from various etiologies. In hospitals, evoked otoacoustic emission (EOAE) and auditory brain stem response (ABX) are used to test newborns before they go home. According to the 1993 National Institutes of Health Consensus Statement of Early Identification of Hearing Impairment in Infants and Young Children, EOAE or repeat EOAE with ABX are used for initial screening of newborns and infants. The Joint Committee of Infant Hearing 1994 Position Statement (American Speech and Hearing Association, 1994) further addressed the specific indications for heaving evaluation. Referral for evaluation is required in those who fail either of the above tests. Early diagnosis allows physicians and audiologists to provide these children with assistive devices (i.e., hearing aids), special educational classes or surgical treatment to ensure the delivery of adequate auditory input for normal language development. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pediat Otolaryngol Staff, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Tran, LP (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pediat Otolaryngol Staff, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL ASSOC FOR THE DEAF PI WASHINGTON PA 3417 VOLTA PLACE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20007 USA SN 0042-8639 J9 VOLTA REV JI Volta Rev. PY 1997 VL 99 IS 5 BP 63 EP 69 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 331FF UT WOS:000088006100005 ER PT J AU DiNoia, TP McHugh, MA Cocchiaro, JE Morris, JB AF DiNoia, TP McHugh, MA Cocchiaro, JE Morris, JB TI Solubility and phase behavior of PEP binders in supercritical carbon dioxide SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID DIMETHYL ETHER; FLUIDS; COPOLYMERS; POLYMERS; CO2 AB Solubility and phase behavior data to temperatures of 300 degrees C and pressures to 3000 bar are presented for various propellant, explosive, and pyrotechnic (PEP) binder polymers in supercritical (SC) carbon dioxide (CO2) with and without modifiers. The binder polymers investigated in this study are polyethylene (PE), oxidized PE, poly(urethane), cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) with similar to 20mol% hexafluoropropylene (Fluorel(TM) and Viton(TM)), and poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene-co-vinylidene fluoride) with 24 mol% (Kel-F(TM) 800) and 69 mol% (Kel-F(TM) 3700) vinlyidene fluoride. CO2 has the characteristics of a weak polar solvent which does not dissolve polyethylene although it is can dissolve low molecular weight nonpolar waxes. However, CO2 is not polar enough to dissolve very polar polymers, such as oxidized PE, polyurethane, Kel-F(TM) 3700, and CAB. Moderately polar poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), which is a partially fluorinated polyolefin, and Kel-F(TM) 800 are soluble in CO2 due to the polar contributions of the vinylidene fluoride repeat units. The solubility of these two copolymers can be further enhanced using acetone as a modifier with CO2. Additionally, oxidized PE is soluble in CO2 with acetone and ethanol as modifiers, but temperatures greater than similar to 200 degrees C are needed. The fact that many of these polymers are soluble in neat CO2 suggests the potential for a substantial impact upon environmentally sound processing technologies for polymer-based PEP materials. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Chem Propuls Informat Agcy, Columbia, MD USA. USA, Res Lab, Propuls & Flight Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP McHugh, MA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM mchugh@jhu.edu NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 1997 VL 17 IS 2-3 BP 151 EP 158 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZA650 UT WOS:000072387200009 ER PT J AU Bhaumik, S Christodoulatos, C Korfiatis, GP Brodman, BW AF Bhaumik, S Christodoulatos, C Korfiatis, GP Brodman, BW TI Aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation of nitroglycerin in batch and packed bed bioreactors SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IAWQ International Conference on Pretreatment of Industrial Wastewaters CY OCT 16-18, 1996 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP Int Assoc Water Qual, Int Assoc Water Qual, Greek Natl Comm, Athena SA, Koronis SA, Kruger AS, Zacharopoulos AS, Themeliodomi SA, Greek Gen Secretariat Res, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Aktor SA, Environm Engn, Nama Consulting Engineers & Planners, Sigma Hydraul Engn DE aerobic; anaerobic; batch reactor; biodegradation; nitroglycerin; packed bed reactor ID GLYCERYL TRINITRATE AB Glycerol trinitrate (GTN) is a contaminant commonly found in the waste streams of munitions manufacturing and pharmaceutical plants. It is a highly toxic substance harmful to humans and other living organisms. In this study, the bioconversion of GTN was examined under aerobic conditions using mixed bacterial cultures and Phanerochaete chrysosporium and under strict anaerobiosis using anaerobic digester sludge. Batch reactor experiments indicated that activated sludge, P. chrysosporium, and anaerobic digester sludge can completely denitrate GTN via a mechanism which forms isomeric glycerol dinitrate (GDN), glycerol mononitrate (GMN) and a utilizable carbon source, most likely glycerol. The rate of bioconversion in the aerobic and the anaerobic systems was dependent upon the concentration of cosubstrate. Continuous flow experiments in immobilized bed reactors indicated that anaerobic degradation of GTN can achieve high destruction efficiencies of the parent compound (99.9%) and the intermediate metabolic nitrate ester compounds (GDN, GMN) at relatively low cosubstrate requirements compared to the aerobic reactors. (C) 1997 IAWQ. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA,ARMAMENTS RES DEV & ENGN CTR,PICATINNY ARSENAL,NJ 07806. RP Bhaumik, S (reprint author), STEVENS INST TECHNOL,CTR ENVIRONM ENGN,HOBOKEN,NJ 07030, USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1997 VL 36 IS 2-3 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00380-6 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA YG150 UT WOS:A1997YG15000018 ER PT J AU Kim, BJ Smith, ED AF Kim, BJ Smith, ED TI Evaluation of sludge dewatering reed beds: A niche for small systems SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Specialist Conference on Design and Operation of Small Wastewater Treatment Plants CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1995 CL KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA SP IAWQ Specialist Grp Small Wastewater Treatment Plants DE biosolids; constructed wet land; evapotranspiration; natural dewatering; sludge dewatering; small system; reed red; wastewater treatment plant sludge AB The U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories (USACERL) has been developing and adopting improved sludge dewatering systems for U.S. Army wastewater treatment plants, USACERL, selected reed beds as the best alternative for future Army sludge dewatering systems based on the system's economical and technical feasibility and on a demonstration of the technology at Fort Campbell, KY, USA. This paper compares the Army's options for upgrading Fort Campbell's sand-drying beds, analyzes costs, discusses sludge hydraulic and solids loading rate data from existing reed bed operations in the United States, and presents 5 years' operational data from Fort Campbell. Options considered for comparison included: land application of sludge at training fields, wedgewater beds, vacuum-assisted beds, wedgewater beds and composting, mechanical dewatering systems, and a ''no change'' option in which sand-drying beds would have been retained. In conclusion, this paper summarizes advantages and limitations of reed bed sludge dewatering. Advantages of reed beds may include: low investment especially when sand-drying beds are converted to reed beds, savings of sludge removal costs, and the benefits inherent to using a simple and economical technology, Limitations may include: large land requirements and little scientific understanding of this empirical technology. The challenge will be to further develop appropriate disposal technologies to meet new U.S. sludge regulations. (C) 1997 IAWQ. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Kim, BJ (reprint author), USA,CONSTRUCT ENGN RES LAB,POB 9005,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61826, USA. NR 8 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1997 VL 35 IS 6 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00091-7 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA WZ522 UT WOS:A1997WZ52200004 ER PT J AU Irvine, DA Earley, JP Cassidy, DP Harvey, SP AF Irvine, DA Earley, JP Cassidy, DP Harvey, SP TI Biodegradation of sulfur mustard hydrolysate in the sequencing batch reactor SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Selected Proceedings of the 1st IAWQ International Specialised Conference on Sequencing Batch Reactor Technology CY MAR 18-20, 1996 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Int Assoc Water Qual, TU Muenchen EV, Lehrstuhls Wasserguete & Abfallwirtsch, Gesell Foerderung, Int Assoc Water Qual, Specialist Grp Act Sludge Populat Dynam, European Water Pollut Control Assoc, US EPA DE biological treatment; chemical warfare agent; HD; mustard gas; SBR; Sequencing Batch Reactor; sulfur mustard; TDG; thiodiglycol AB The United States Army is currently examining chemical neutralization followed by biodegradation for disposal of the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard. The acidic hydrolysis of sulfur mustard (''mustard gas'', 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide), yields a detoxified and biodegradable product typically containing from 80 to 95% thiodiglycol. The hydrolyzed product was typically amended with 1,450 mg/L of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), 280 mg/L of potassium phosphate monobasic (KH2PO4), and mineral salts and fed to aerobic sequencing Batch Reactors (SBRs). The SBRs were operated with 3-5 hour aerated Pill, 17-18 hour React, 1 hour Settle and 1 hour Draw periods. The efficiency of carbon removal was greater than 90% and the effluent was non-toxic as determined by aquatic toxicity tests. Copyright (C) 1996 IAWQ. C1 USA,ERDEC,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. RP Irvine, DA (reprint author), SBR TECHNOL INC,1930 E EDISON RD,S BEND,IN 46617, USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1997 VL 35 IS 1 BP 67 EP 74 DI 10.1016/S0273-1223(96)00880-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA WE180 UT WOS:A1997WE18000010 ER PT J AU VanderLoop, SL Suidan, MT Berchtold, SR Moteleb, MA Maloney, SW AF VanderLoop, SL Suidan, MT Berchtold, SR Moteleb, MA Maloney, SW TI Effects of molecular oxygen on GAC adsorption of energetics SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st IAWQ Conference on Adsorption in the Water Environment and Treatment Processes CY NOV 05-08, 1996 CL SHIRAHAMA, JAPAN SP IAWQ DE adsorption; activated carbon; energetics; munitions; oxidative coupling AB Munitions wastewaters are commonly treated by granular activated carbon (GAG) adsorption followed by incineration of the spent carbon. The design of effective GAC unit processes hinges on the knowledge of GAC adsorption capacity for the compounds of interest as well as the types of chemical interactions to expect. GAC can often catalyze polymerization or chemical degradation of the adsorbate in the presence of molecular oxygen. Some adsorbates, though less common, may be subject to catalytic activity even when no molecular oxygen is present. The products of these interactions may enhance or interfere with effective waste treatment. This study individually evaluated the adsorption properties of a variety of energetics compounds. A number of surface catalyzed polymerization and degradation reactions were noted. (C) 1997 IAWQ. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA,CONSTRUCT ENGN RES LAB,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61821. RP VanderLoop, SL (reprint author), UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1997 VL 35 IS 7 BP 197 EP 204 DI 10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00131-5 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA XF154 UT WOS:A1997XF15400025 ER PT B AU Kwon, H Venkatraman, M Nasrabadi, NM AF Kwon, H Venkatraman, M Nasrabadi, NM BE Szu, HH TI Very low bitrate compression for one-to-N video broadcast SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Wavelet Applications CY APR 22-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE video coding; vector quantization; transform vector quantization; residual vector quantization; entropy-constrained quantization AB Compression of video for low bitrate communication is studied in this paper. Use of vector quantization in the H.263 framework is proposed. A variable rate residual vector quantizer with a transform vector quantizer in the first stage is used along with a strategy to adapt the bit-fate to the activity in the block. This ability to adapt the bit-rate is very important for very low bitrate compression. The proposed multistage quantizer combined with an adaptive arithmetic codec produced very good results. The variability in the bit-rate was achieved by using smaller block sizes in the later stages of quantizer along with selective quantization of only high energy blocks at the later stages. Performance comparison of the proposed codec with that of H.263 indicates that there is superior compression results especially bitrates less than 8kb/s. RP Kwon, H (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,2800 POWDER MILL RD,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2493-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3078 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1117/12.271765 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BH61A UT WOS:A1997BH61A00007 ER PT B AU Tofsted, DH AF Tofsted, DH BE Szu, HH TI A bi-orthogonal wavelet transform and compression of image data SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Wavelet Applications CY APR 22-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE wavelet transforms; image compression; lossless transformation AB A set of bi-orthogonal wavelet transforms are developed based on an extension of Sweldens' lifting method for variable support wavelet bases. The bi-orthogonal wavelet has advantages of compact support for both the transform and inverse transform process, and, like the Zernike and Legendre polynomials, can be designed to pass localized polynomial variations (U-m) of orders m up to the limit (2m + 1), depending on the width of support of the lesser support width (N) of either the wavelet or the scaling function. (N 2m + 3,) Features of this wavelet set include symmetry of the wavelet and scaling functions. The wavelet and scaling functions of a given order m are related to their pair of duals through simple relations involving position shifts and sign changes, A general method for producing transform functions is given, and results are shown for up to m 3, which treats up to 7th order polynomial insensitivity. The set of transforms is tested against a sample image and results show the possibilities for compression. It appears the lowest order wavelet yields the best performance for simple compression techniques on the image used. This m = 0 transform shows the least degradation from truncation and tends to treat small regions effectively. Despite the advantages of higher order wavelets with respect to fluctuations, these tend to artificially create noise information which is passed on to the next processing stage. RP Tofsted, DH (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,INFORMAT SCI & TECHNOL DIRECTORATE,WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE,NM 88002, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2493-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3078 BP 218 EP 225 DI 10.1117/12.271721 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BH61A UT WOS:A1997BH61A00021 ER PT B AU Shoop, BL Sayles, AH Dudevoir, GP Hall, DA Litynski, DM Das, PK AF Shoop, BL Sayles, AH Dudevoir, GP Hall, DA Litynski, DM Das, PK BE Szu, HH TI Smart pixel-based wavelet transformation for wideband radar and sonar signal processing SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Wavelet Applications CY APR 22-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE wavelet transform; smart pixel technology; wideband signal processing correlator; convolution AB Recently, there has been a great deal of interest in the application of wavelet transforms to signal processing applications. As an example, to obtain the source density function for a wideband radar or sonar signal from the measurement of scattered signals it is desirable to first perform the wavelet transform of the received signal before processing it. The use of the wavelet transform allows the selection of basis functions which are matched to the transmitted signal. Fundamentally, the wavelet transform of a signal is the correlation of the signal with a basis function derived from a mother wavelet and its scaled versions called daughter wavelets. Thus any real-time correlator can be used for the implementation of the wavelet transform. Since a one-dimensional input signal produces a two-dimensional wavelet transform, optical correlators provide a natural advantage over conventional electronic implementations. The VanderLugt correlator, the joint transform correlator and its derivative, the quasi-Fourier transform joint transform correlator can all be used to implement the wavelet transform, provided a spatial light modulator is used to convert the electrical input signal into an appropriate optical signal. The concept of the smart pixel is to integrate both electronic processing and individual optical devices on a common device to take advantage of the complexity of electronic processing circuits and the speed of optical devices. Arrays of these smart pixels would then bring with them the advantage of parallelism that optics could provide. Smart pixels can function as spatial light modulators providing additional electronic processing features. They are naturally well-suited to realizing wavelet transforms. RP Shoop, BL (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,DEPT COMP SCI & ELECT ENGN,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2493-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3078 BP 415 EP 423 DI 10.1117/12.271733 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BH61A UT WOS:A1997BH61A00039 ER PT B AU Abbate, A Frankel, J Das, P AF Abbate, A Frankel, J Das, P BE Szu, HH TI Application of wavelet image processing for ultrasonic gauging SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Wavelet Applications CY APR 22-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE wavelet decomposition; image processing; compression; thresholding; multiresolution analysis; ultrasonic imaging AB A wavelet transform image decomposition technique was utilized for compression and analysis of the ultrasonic images obtained by a Computerized Ultrasonic Gauging System (CUGS). CUGS can generate very precise topographical maps of the outer and inner surfaces of tubes during various stages of manufacture and life-cycle of the parts. Measurements of the tube dimensions are obtained with a resolution of 2.5 mu m (0.0001 inches) and accuracies of the order of 10 mu m (0.0004 inches) or better. A typical output of CUGS is an ultrasonic image, in which the horizontal and vertical axes represent the axial and angular position of the part, respectively. Wavelet-based image analysis has been utilized to obtain representations of the same image with different resolutions and to enhance image features such as erosion pattern without the loss of localization. In the application discussed CUGS is utilized to map the wear of the internal surface of steel tubes, before and after exposure to extreme environments involving temperature, pressure, corrosive gases and mechanical forces. RP Abbate, A (reprint author), USA,TANK AUTOMOT ARMAMENTS COMMAND,BENET LABS,AMSTA,AR,CCB,TA,WATERVLIET,NY 12189, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2493-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3078 BP 506 EP 516 DI 10.1117/12.271742 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BH61A UT WOS:A1997BH61A00047 ER PT S AU Davis, RE Woodcock, C Hardy, JP Ni, W Jordan, R McKenzie, JC AF Davis, RE Woodcock, C Hardy, JP Ni, W Jordan, R McKenzie, JC GP CANADIAN GEOPHYS UNION CANADIAN GEOPHYS UNION CANADIAN GEOPHYS UNION TI Spatially-distributed modeling of snow in the boreal forest: A simple approach SO WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE, 65TH ANNUAL MEETING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Sessions on Hydrology and Snow, at 65th Annual Western Snow Conference / 54th Annual Eastern Snow Conference / 23rd Annual Meeting of the Canadian-Geophysical-Union CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Canadian Geophys Union, Hydrol Sect, E Snow Conf, W Snow Conf AB Simulations using physics-based, coupled canopy-snow models provided the basis for developing simple regression models of net energy transfer to snow cover in the boreal forest. The simple models were driven by incoming solar radiation to the top of forest canopies, forest species, tree height and canopy density. Maps of the forest characteristics provided the basis for spatially distributing snow predictions over two test areas in the boreal forest. Over both test areas, variation of incoming solar radiation explained much of the variance in net energy transfer to snow cover. We found the strongest correlations for the relatively open, discontinuous canopies of the northern boreal forest. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI PORTLAND PA PO BOX 2646, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0161-0589 J9 P WEST SNOW CONF PY 1997 BP 20 EP 28 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BK24L UT WOS:000071608400003 ER PT S AU Haehnel, RB Lever, JH Tabler, RD AF Haehnel, RB Lever, JH Tabler, RD GP CANADIAN GEOPHYS UNION CANADIAN GEOPHYS UNION CANADIAN GEOPHYS UNION TI Field measurements of snowdrift development rate SO WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE, 65TH ANNUAL MEETING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Sessions on Hydrology and Snow, at 65th Annual Western Snow Conference / 54th Annual Eastern Snow Conference / 23rd Annual Meeting of the Canadian-Geophysical-Union CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Canadian Geophys Union, Hydrol Sect, E Snow Conf, W Snow Conf AB For successful snow drift modeling, similitude of drift geometry and development rate must be preserved between model and prototype. Earlier work revealed that field data documenting drift development are scarce, yet such data are necessary to validate proposed modeling methods. This requires measurement of the evolving drift topography and concurrent measurement of the incident mass transport and now field throughout the drifting event. The authors established a field program to measure drift development on a two-dimensional solid fence during the winters of 1996 and 1997 at two field sites located in Wyoming. The developing drift topography was measured using graduated snow stakes placed around the objects. The incident mass transport was measured using a Wyoming snow fence as a snow trap. The incident flow field was also documented. Here we compare prototype drift geometries and development rates with corresponding preliminary model data obtained in a snow drifting wind tunnel. The field data revealed some inaccuracies in the model drift geometry and development rate which might result from distortion in snow transport concentration and particle trajectory lengths. Further work is required to minimize the effects of model distortions. The field data obtained in this work will serve as benchmark data for evaluating modeling methodologies. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Haehnel, RB (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI PORTLAND PA PO BOX 2646, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0161-0589 J9 P WEST SNOW CONF PY 1997 BP 61 EP 68 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BK24L UT WOS:000071608400007 ER PT S AU Hardy, JP Davis, RE Jordan, R Ni, W Woodcock, C AF Hardy, JP Davis, RE Jordan, R Ni, W Woodcock, C GP CANADIAN GEOPHYS UNION CANADIAN GEOPHYS UNION CANADIAN GEOPHYS UNION TI Snow ablation modeling in conifer and deciduous stands of the boreal forest SO WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE, 65TH ANNUAL MEETING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Sessions on Hydrology and Snow, at 65th Annual Western Snow Conference / 54th Annual Eastern Snow Conference / 23rd Annual Meeting of the Canadian-Geophysical-Union CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Canadian Geophys Union, Hydrol Sect, E Snow Conf, W Snow Conf AB Both coniferous and deciduous forests alter the energy exchange and the accumulation and ablation of snow on the ground. Snow ablation modeling at the stand scale presents challenges to account for the variability in snow cover and the large variations of solar and thermal radiation incident to the forest floor. Previous work by the authors coupled a one-dimensional snow process model (SNTHERM), modified for forested conditions, with a model of radiation interactions with forest canopies to successfully predict snow ablation in a mature jack pine stand. Now, we use the same approach and model snow ablation in black spruce and aspen stands and verify the modeling effort by comparison with field data. A new routine is added to SNTHERM to account for forest litter on the snow surface, thereby affecting the albedo. We conducted field work during March 1996 in central Saskatchewan. We measured snow pack physical properties, meteorological parameters within the forest canopy, and incoming solar and thermal irradiance beneath the forest canopy. At peak accumulation snow depths in black spruce tree wells were approximately 65% of that measured in forest gaps. Snow in the aspen stand ablated 26 days before snow in the black spruce stand and both results compare favorably with available measured data. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Hardy, JP (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI PORTLAND PA PO BOX 2646, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0161-0589 J9 P WEST SNOW CONF PY 1997 BP 114 EP 124 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BK24L UT WOS:000071608400012 ER PT S AU Melloh, R Daly, S Davis, R Jordan, R Koenig, G AF Melloh, R Daly, S Davis, R Jordan, R Koenig, G GP CANADIAN GEOPHYS UNION CANADIAN GEOPHYS UNION CANADIAN GEOPHYS UNION TI An operational distributed snow dynamics model for the Sava River, Bosnia SO WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE, 65TH ANNUAL MEETING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Sessions on Hydrology and Snow, at 65th Annual Western Snow Conference / 54th Annual Eastern Snow Conference / 23rd Annual Meeting of the Canadian-Geophysical-Union CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Canadian Geophys Union, Hydrol Sect, E Snow Conf, W Snow Conf AB A method of estimating and forecasting snow pack dynamics for a large remote basin in Bosnia was developed and consists of a highly automated, spatially distributed model for operational simulation and forecasting of snow pack depth, snow water equivalent, soil freeze-thaw slate, and flux of snow melt and rain infiltration to the base of the pack. The model, applied to hydrologic forecasts in Bosnia during the winter of 1996-1997, has potential use in domestic flood and water supply forecasting. SNTHERM, a complex one-dimensional energy balance model that takes into account most physical processes within the snow cover, was used for snow pack computations. The model was distributed across the landscape by 1-km pixels, using a categorical classification of the basin into 216 slope, aspect and meteorology types. The model system was highly automated. Runoff ratios (runoff/rainfall) for the winter of 1996-1997 compared well to long term average runoff coefficients, indicating precipitation data used to drive the model were reasonable. Supporting research issues are discussed. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Melloh, R (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI PORTLAND PA PO BOX 2646, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0161-0589 J9 P WEST SNOW CONF PY 1997 BP 152 EP 162 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BK24L UT WOS:000071608400016 ER PT B AU Hall, JM AF Hall, JM BE Tustison, RW TI Army applications for multi-spectral windows SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Applications CY APR 21-22, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE multi-spectral; window; FLIR; laser; common aperture AB The achievement of the Army's goal, ''Own the Night,'' has evolved over the last few years to include mastery of the entire optical spectrum from QA microns through 12 microns. This requires the integration of lasers, FLIR (Forward Looking Infra-Red) sensors, CCD cameras and image Intensifiers, and direct view optical assemblies, all on a single platform. The problem faced with such integration is to provide the functionality in a small, lightweight package. Common aperture optics may be a solution, but common apertures require the use of low-cost, hardened, multispectral windows. The general requirements for multi-spectral systems and lessons learned from the RAH-66 Comanche program will be discussed. RP Hall, JM (reprint author), USA,NIGHT VIS & ELECT SENSORS DIRECTORATE,AMSEL RD NV ST IT,10221 BURBECK RD,FT BELVOIR,VA 22060, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2475-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3060 BP 330 EP 334 DI 10.1117/12.277057 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ21Y UT WOS:A1997BJ21Y00030 ER PT B AU Bohn, F Major, P AF Bohn, F Major, P BE Reed, JH Rappaport, TS Woerner, BD TI Fading phenomena in the wireless environment SO WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS: ADVANCES IN COVERAGE AND CAPACITY SE KLUWER INTERNATIONAL SERIES IN ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE : COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Virginia Tech Symposium on Wireless Personal Communications - Advances in Coverage and Capacity CY JUN 05-07, 1996 CL VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV, BLACKSBURG, VA HO VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV AB The personal radio communication industry has spawned much research into propagation phenomena in the I to 3 GHz frequency spectrum, and has provided technological advances that create opportunities to capitalize on the use of these higher frequencies for military tactical communications and civilian wireless uses. However, the interests of the personal communication industry has focused upon propagation path configurations that can be considered ''high-low,'' that is, paths in which one end is close to the ground (an individual user) and the other end is at a higher elevation and utilizes an antenna support structure such as a tower or a building aircraft or orbiting satellite. Tactical military communication and other emerging wireless applications, on the other hard usually employ ''low-low'' path configurations-paths between individual users where the antenna heights at both ends of each link will be 1.5 meters above the ground or less. The difference in geometry of a ''high-low'' and a ''low-low'' path is rather obvious, but what is not so obvious is the difference in propagation phenomena, especially fading characteristics, of the two types of paths. A ''high-low'' path in an urban area is usually characterized by Rayleigh propagation in which no direct line-of-sight propagation path exists and all of the energy from radio transmitter to receiver is by forward scatter and reflections. A ''low-low'' path between two users is usually via a direct line-of-sight propagation path, bur with insufficient terrain clearance to support Gaussian propagation; therefore, the path is characterized as Rician. This paper reviews the Rayleigh, Gaussian and Rician propagation phenomena; describes the different factors that are associated with each of these three types of propagation: and discusses research and experimental work to enable more accurate prediction of Rician propagation toss, expected fading and bit-error rates under different environmental (terrain, foliage, weather, etc.) conditions. RP Bohn, F (reprint author), USA,COMMUN ELECT COMMAND,WASHINGTON,DC 20310, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 BN 0-7923-9788-6 J9 KLUW COMMUN PY 1997 BP 153 EP 165 PG 13 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BJ16W UT WOS:A1997BJ16W00015 ER PT S AU Eisner, BG AF Eisner, BG BE Leuner, H Schlichting, M TI On the death of Hanscarl Leuner SO YEARBOOK OF THE EUROPEAN COLLEGE FOR THE STUDY OF CONSCIOUSNESS 1996 SE EUROPEAN COLLEGE FOR THE STUDY OF CONSCIOUSNESS, YEARBOOK LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Worlds of Consciousness CY 1996 CL HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP European Coll Study Consciousness C1 USA,SANTA MONICA,CA 90402. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU V W B - VERLAG WISSENSCHAFT & BILDUNG PI BERLIN PA AMAND AGLASTER POSTFACH 11 03 68, D-10833 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0942-7600 BN 3-86135-414-4 J9 EUR COL BEWUSST PY 1997 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA BJ18Y UT WOS:A1997BJ18Y00002 ER PT B AU Miller, AC Payne, BS AF Miller, AC Payne, BS BE DItri, FM TI Density and size demography of newly established populations of Dreissena polymorpha in the US inland waterway system SO ZEBRA MUSSELS AND AQUATIC NUISANCE SPECIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Zebra Mussel and Other Aquatic Nuisance Species Conference CY MAR 05-07, 1996 CL DEARBORN, MI SP Michigan Sea Grant Coll Program, US Coast Guard, USA Corps Engineers, Detroit Edison Co, Canadian Coast Guard, Transport Canada Ship Safety, Calgon Corp, Ontario Hydro, Michigan Dept Nat Resources RP Miller, AC (reprint author), USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,ENVIRONM LAB,3909 HALLS FERRY RD,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANN ARBOR PRESS, INC PI CHELSEA PA 121 SOUTH MAIN STREET, CHELSEA, MI 48118 BN 1-57504-036-0 PY 1997 BP 99 EP 116 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BJ34N UT WOS:A1997BJ34N00006 ER PT B AU Race, TD Kelly, MA AF Race, TD Kelly, MA BE DItri, FM TI A summary of a three year evaluation effort of anti-zebra mussel coatings and materials SO ZEBRA MUSSELS AND AQUATIC NUISANCE SPECIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Zebra Mussel and Other Aquatic Nuisance Species Conference CY MAR 05-07, 1996 CL DEARBORN, MI SP Michigan Sea Grant Coll Program, US Coast Guard, USA Corps Engineers, Detroit Edison Co, Canadian Coast Guard, Transport Canada Ship Safety, Calgon Corp, Ontario Hydro, Michigan Dept Nat Resources RP Race, TD (reprint author), USA,CONSTRUCT ENGN RES LABS,POB 9005,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61826, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANN ARBOR PRESS, INC PI CHELSEA PA 121 SOUTH MAIN STREET, CHELSEA, MI 48118 BN 1-57504-036-0 PY 1997 BP 359 EP 388 PG 30 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BJ34N UT WOS:A1997BJ34N00023 ER PT B AU Grodowitz, MJ Jeffers, L Graham, S Nelson, M Way, C AF Grodowitz, MJ Jeffers, L Graham, S Nelson, M Way, C BE DItri, FM TI Technology transfer for zebra mussel via a computer-based information system SO ZEBRA MUSSELS AND AQUATIC NUISANCE SPECIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Zebra Mussel and Other Aquatic Nuisance Species Conference CY MAR 05-07, 1996 CL DEARBORN, MI SP Michigan Sea Grant Coll Program, US Coast Guard, USA Corps Engineers, Detroit Edison Co, Canadian Coast Guard, Transport Canada Ship Safety, Calgon Corp, Ontario Hydro, Michigan Dept Nat Resources RP Grodowitz, MJ (reprint author), USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,CEWES,ER A,3909 HALLS FERRY RD,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANN ARBOR PRESS, INC PI CHELSEA PA 121 SOUTH MAIN STREET, CHELSEA, MI 48118 BN 1-57504-036-0 PY 1997 BP 599 EP 606 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BJ34N UT WOS:A1997BJ34N00041 ER PT J AU Smith, SM Stuhmiller, JH Januszkiewicz, AJ AF Smith, SM Stuhmiller, JH Januszkiewicz, AJ TI Evaluation of lethality estimates for combustion gases in military scenarios SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Colloquium on Advances in Combustion Toxicology CY APR 11-13, 1995 CL OKLAHOMA CITY, OK SP CAMI, FAA DE carbon monoxide; nitrogen dioxide; carbon dioxide; lethality; correlation ID NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; EXPOSURE; LUNG AB To meet the military objective of determining criteria for incapacitation and lethality from toxic gas exposures, a series of small animal tests and data analyses were conducted. Carbon monoxide (GO), a narcotic gas and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), an irritant gas, along with carbon dioxide (CO2) were tested individually and in the following mixtures: (CO + CO2), (NO2 + CO2) and (NO2 + CO + CO2). A group of six animals was exposed to each of the gases and their combinations, lethality and biophysical data were collected. We conclude that our observations of lethality from single toxic gases can be correlated with a fractional effective dose (FED) description, in which external concentrations are corrected for minute volume changes. Multiple gas exposures clearly demonstrate synergistic effects because lethality rates greatly exceed those expected from statistically independent causes. Simple addition of the FED values, however, overstates the effect and implies a competition between the narcotic and irritant gas effects. The N-Gas model, while being an additive FED model, does not appear to be in a form that could guide the setting of military exposure standards. C1 JAYCOR,APPL SCI & ENGN TECHNOL GRP,SAN DIEGO,CA 92121. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT RESP RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD DEC 31 PY 1996 VL 115 IS 1-3 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(96)03504-4 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA WE804 UT WOS:A1996WE80400016 PM 9016750 ER PT J AU Jones, KA Linfield, EH Frost, JEF AF Jones, KA Linfield, EH Frost, JEF TI Contact resistances of NiGeAu, PdGeTiPt, and TiPd ohmic contacts to GaAs and their temperature dependence from 4.2 to 350 K SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOBILITY 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON; N-GAAS; P-GAAS AB The specific contact resistance (r(c)) of NiGeAu and PdGeTiPt ohmic contacts to n-GaAs and TiPd and PdGeTiPt ohmic contacts to p(+)-GaAs were determined as a function of temperature between 4.2 and 350 K. The low r(c) obtained for some of the contacts at 4.2 K implies that much of the total contact resistance measured at 4.2 K in two-dimensional electron gas structures lies across the n-n heterojunction(s) in series with the metal semiconductor junction. Although NiGeAu contacts have a lower contact resistance to n-GaAs, PdGeTiPt contacts, which have much better edge definition, can be substituted for the NiGeAu when they are properly annealed. Also, contacts with low r, values at 4.2 K can be made to p(+)-GaAs using either TiPd or properly annealed PdGeTiPt contacts. The r(c) versus temperature curves for the TiPd and alloyed NiGeAu contacts fit the field emission model. The other contacts have a larger temperature dependence suggesting that tunneling occurs via thermionic held emission directly through the barrier or via defect states. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 CAVENDISH LAB,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HE,ENGLAND. RP Jones, KA (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,PSD,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703, USA. OI Linfield, Edmund/0000-0001-6912-0535 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 30 PY 1996 VL 69 IS 27 BP 4197 EP 4199 DI 10.1063/1.116984 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA VZ921 UT WOS:A1996VZ92100024 ER PT J AU Robinson, MC AF Robinson, MC TI Harold N. Fisk: A luminescent man SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Item About an Individual AB The publication of the ''Geological Investigation of the Alluvial Valley of the Lower Mississippi River'' (Fisk, 1944) was the greatest achievement of Harold N. Fisk's remarkable career. Its creative rigor and vision marked a great leap forward in understanding the alluvial and sedimentological processes of the Mississippi Valley and the fundamental value of these insights to river engineering strategies and techniques. Fisk's monumental effort shares many common elements with great strides in other disciplines made during this era. The period from the 1920s to the 1940s was marked by breakthroughs in fields such as hydraulics, medicine, chemistry, and small-particle physics that featured grand vistas of discovery. Fisk's triumph, as in other cases, can be attributed to factors that supplemented and complemented his personal scientific brilliance. He displayed less tangible elements of personality, shrewdness, and leadership that enabled him to attract interest and support for his undertakings, build a highly devoted team of associates, maintain the confidence of sponsors, and ''market'' his discoveries through clever media relations. This remarkable and in some respects enigmatic man was able to make the most of his opportunities in much the same way as his stellar contemporaries. Doggedness, vision, insight, personal qualities, and the availability of Federal needs and generous funding were all synergetic, crucial elements in the preparation and acceptance of the ''Fisk Report.'' RP Robinson, MC (reprint author), USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,PUBL AFFAIRS OFF,MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISS,LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY DIV,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD DEC 30 PY 1996 VL 45 IS 1-4 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1016/S0013-7952(96)00005-1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA WE891 UT WOS:A1996WE89100003 ER PT J AU Krinitzsky, EL AF Krinitzsky, EL TI The contributions of H.N. Fisk to engineering geology in the lower Mississippi valley SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Item About an Individual AB Fisk's work provided a three-dimensional pattern of occurrence and composition of sediments in the alluvial valley and deltaic plain of the lower Mississippi River. He also interpreted the processes by which the sediments were deposited and the relevance of tectonism in their history. These data provide site characterizations that are basic for all major categories of engineering. His work has found applications in better methods for control of the river, stabilizing its banks, locating sources of aggregate for concrete, management of groundwater, maintenance of wetlands, and generally for more reliable, timely and economical evaluations in selecting optimum site locations and determining foundation conditions. Since then, work in the Lower Mississippi Valley (LMV) has expanded enormously and continues to be greatly indebted to formative interpretations by Fisk. RP Krinitzsky, EL (reprint author), USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,GEOTECH LAB,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD DEC 30 PY 1996 VL 45 IS 1-4 BP 45 EP 58 DI 10.1016/S0013-7952(96)00006-3 PG 14 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA WE891 UT WOS:A1996WE89100004 ER PT J AU Smith, LM AF Smith, LM TI Fluvial geomorphic features of the Lower Mississippi alluvial valley SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Geology in the Lower Mississippi Valley - Implications for Engineering, the Half Century Since Fisk 1944 CY DEC 05-08, 1994 CL VICKSBURG, MS AB The Lower Mississippi Valley (LMV) has been one of the most intensively studied alluvial valleys in the world in terms of it's geological and geomorphic framework and history. A brief outline of the history of the major geological and geomorphological investigations of the LMV is provided. The results of these investigations are discussed in terms of the fluvial geomorphic framework of the valley and the apparent significant changes in the regime of the Mississippi River during the Late Wisconsinan and Holocene stages. The LMV occupies the broad deep synclinal trough of the Mississippi Embayment which extends from Cairo, Illinois, to the Gulf of Mexico in a slightly sinuous north-south trend. The embayment is filled with a north to south thickening wedge of non-marine and marine sediment ranging in age from Jurassic to Holocene. The major landscapes of the LMV may be considered in four regions: (1) a narrow active meander belt in a broad valley of Late Pleistocene valley train in the northern third; (2) a wide mosaic of interwoven Holocene meander belts in the middle third; (3) a relatively narrow valley of the Atchafalaya Basin bounded on each side by narrow meander belts in the upper part of the lower third; and (4) the broad distributary wedge of the deltaic plain in the southernmost region of the valley. The valley trains vary in age and landform with the oldest occurring as slightly dissected low ridges and the youngest as broad flats separated by shallow interwoven former braided channels. Meander belts formed throughout the Holocene are comprised of low natural levee ridges flanking abandoned courses and bordered by crescent-shaped oxbow lakes and ridge and swale topography. In the middle third of the valley, meander belts are separated by expansive backswamps of very little relief. The deltaic plain is also exceptionally flat, interrupted by the low natural levee ridges of the abandoned deltaic distributaries. The floodplain of the LMV is a complex mosaic of fluvial features and landscapes within the four landscape regions. Included in this mosaic are abandoned channels and courses, lateral accretion topography of ridges and swales, natural levees, crevasses and crevasse channels, distributary channels, backswamps and rimswamps, alluvial fans and aprons, valley trains (braided stream terraces), lakes and lacustrine deltas, terraces, and the alluvial valley bluff. Changes in the hydraulic regime of the Lower Mississippi River (LMR) since the Late Pleistocene have played a major role in the development of the landscape of the valley. The most important regime change was the diminishment of the influence of Wisconsinan glaciation in the upper Midwest and the resultant evolution of the Mississippi River from a broad braided outwash channel to a more narrow but sinuous meandering channel at the end of the Pleistocene. During the Holocene, the Mississippi River undoubtedly responded to major climatic changes, rising sea level, tributary stream influence, and possibly tectonism, diapirism, and subsidence through the growth and evolution, and abandonment of it's meander belts and deltas. RP Smith, LM (reprint author), USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,3909 HALLS FERRY RD,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD DEC 30 PY 1996 VL 45 IS 1-4 BP 139 EP 165 DI 10.1016/S0013-7952(96)00011-7 PG 27 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA WE891 UT WOS:A1996WE89100009 ER PT J AU Albertson, PE Patrick, DM AF Albertson, PE Patrick, DM TI Lower Mississippi River tributaries: Contributions to the collective science concerning the ''Father of Waters'' SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Geology in the Lower Mississippi Valley - Implications for Engineering, the Half Century Since Fisk 1944 CY DEC 05-08, 1994 CL VICKSBURG, MS AB The geological and geomorphic information preserved in the tributary valleys of the lower Mississippi River (LMR) contributes to our understanding of the lower valley's Quaternary geological history. Prominent Pleistocene terraces are preserved in the tributary valleys. Fisk first formulated his four terraces framework on the Red River. Caution needs to be followed in projecting the Red River terraces across the entire Lower Mississippi Valley (LMV). The tributary system cannot be assumed to operate in a synchronized fashion in response to changes in climate and base level. To compare the collective contribution of the tributaries of the LMR, the streams are described in terms of: (1) their characteristics, (2) geomorphic development, (3) process and response of the tributaries to and from the LMR, and (4) engineering investigations and implications. The characteristics of the tributaries are a direct function of their drainage basin size and geology. The tributary system drains portions of six physiographic provinces. Synoptically, the tributaries can be viewed as two groups: the eastern and western tributaries. All of the eastern tributaries are intra-regional, i.e., they drain only one physiographic province, the Coastal Plain, and therefore, have a restricted sediment source. Generally, the eastern tributaries are more numerous and shorter than the western tributaries. The longer western tributaries drain outside the Coastal Plain. The extra-regional nature of the western tributaries adds to the variability of discharge and sediment types. The sediment record of the tributaries reflects response to the trunk Mississippi. During glacial outwash flushes, many of the tributaries were alluvially drowned, producing alluvial cones expressed as flattened longitudinal profiles. More recently, a number of tributaries in the state of Mississippi have experienced episodes of accelerated channel erosion. The effects of navigation and flood control modification of the Mississippi River on the tributaries have not been fully studied. Therefore, fluvial geomorphic research in the tributaries is essential to understanding ways to mitigate the adverse effects of river engineering, thereby designing engineering works in balance with the alluvial architecture and processes of the stream system. RP Albertson, PE (reprint author), USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,GEOTECH LAB,3909 HALLS FERRY RD,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 76 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD DEC 30 PY 1996 VL 45 IS 1-4 BP 383 EP 413 DI 10.1016/S0013-7952(96)00023-3 PG 31 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA WE891 UT WOS:A1996WE89100021 ER PT J AU Smith, LM Winkley, BR AF Smith, LM Winkley, BR TI The response of the Lower Mississippi River to river engineering SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Geology in the Lower Mississippi Valley - Implications for Engineering, the Half Century Since Fisk 1944 CY DEC 05-08, 1994 CL VICKSBURG, MS AB An examination of the response of the Lower Mississippi River (LMR) to a variety of engineering activities is presented through the discussion of: (a) a brief history of engineering investigations and activities on the LMR; (b) the impact of artificial cutoffs on the channel geometry and water surface profiles of adjacent reaches; (c) the impact of channel alignment activities on channel morphology; and (d) the apparent impact of all of the LMR engineering activities on sediment dynamics in the channel. Investigations by many agencies reflect over 150 years of study of the hydraulics and hydrology of the LMR, which have contributed significantly to our understanding of large alluvial rivers. In an effort to provide for hood control and navigation on the largest river in North America, private landowners and the US Army Corps of Engineers have performed a wide range of river engineering activities, including construction of levees, floodways, artificial cutoffs, bank revetment, training dikes, dredging, channel alignment, and reservoirs on the major tributaries. This unprecedented program of river engineering activities on the river during the last 100 years has resulted in the evolution of a freely meandering alluvial river to a highly trained and confined meandering channel. The LMR has increased its overall gradient and average top-bank width and generally increased its channel depth. The immediate response of the river to increased gradient as a result of the construction of artificial cutoffs was dampened in some locations by local geological controls. Examination of the trends in sediment dynamics of the LMR reveals that the suspended load of the river has decreased during the 20th century. Conversely, a trend in the bed load transport in the channel for the years 1930 and 1989 cannot be determined with confidence because of the difficulty in acquiring representative samples. The highly trained river now responds to channel forming flows by attempting to build mid-channel bars rather than natural cutoffs of meanders. The LMR should maintain a relatively stable plan form in the intermediate future, barring a very large and unprecedented flood. The river will continue to adjust its channel geometry and its local gradients as a response to variations in significant discharges. Continued channel maintenance and occasional dredging will insure the present state of sediment and water transport efficiency. RP Smith, LM (reprint author), USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,GEOTECH LAB,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 27 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD DEC 30 PY 1996 VL 45 IS 1-4 BP 433 EP 455 DI 10.1016/S0013-7952(96)00025-7 PG 23 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA WE891 UT WOS:A1996WE89100023 ER PT J AU Lin, Y Long, JB AF Lin, Y Long, JB TI Acute or prolonged exposure to 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid protects spinal neurons against NMDA toxicity SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACPC (1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid); neuroprotection; NMDA receptor; toxicity; neuronal injury; glycine; excitatory amino acid ID ASPARTATE RECEPTOR COMPLEX; CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; PARTIAL AGONIST; GLYCINE; GLUTAMATE; SITES; ANTAGONIST; RAT AB 1-Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACPC) is a high affinity partial agonist for the glycine binding site within the NMDA receptor complex. Chronic treatment with ACPC in vivo appears to reversibly desensitize the NMDA receptor complex, prompting suggestions that it might provide an effective means of ameliorating degenerative mechanisms mediated through this Ligand-gated ion channel. In the present experiments, cultured rat spinal cord neurons were used to further examine the effects of acute and sustained ACPC exposures on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced neurotoxicity. Cell damage was quantitatively assessed using a tetrazolium salt colorimetric assay. With coincubation, 1 mM ACPC significantly reduced the neuronal cell damage caused by 30 min exposure to 25 or 50 mu M concentrations of NMDA, but, in contrast to other competitive and non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonists (D-(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV), dizocilpine maleate (MK-801) and 7-chlorokynurenic acid (7-CK)), it failed to alter the cell injury induced by 100 mu M NMDA. The protective effect of ACPC was competitively abolished by coaddition of glycine, verifying that it was mediated through glycine binding sites. Sustained 20 h exposure to 1 mM ACPC (which was removed 30 min before addition of 25 mu M NMDA) also caused cells to be significantly less responsive to the neurotoxic effects of NMDA. Pre-exposure to ACPC for shorter intervals (< 1 h) failed to alter subsequent NMDA toxicity. Acute or sustained exposures to ACPC alone did not affect cell viability. These results support earlier indications that: (1) ACPC provides an effective means of antagonizing excitotoxic phenomena, and (2) sustained exposure to ACPC desensitizes the NMDA receptor complex. RP Lin, Y (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV NEUROSCI,BLDG 40,ROOM 3077,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2999 J9 EUR J PHARMACOL JI Eur. J. Pharmacol. PD DEC 30 PY 1996 VL 318 IS 2-3 BP 491 EP 496 DI 10.1016/S0014-2999(96)00811-4 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA WD710 UT WOS:A1996WD71000037 PM 9016943 ER PT J AU Valluzzi, R Gido, SP Zhang, WP Muller, WS Kaplan, DL AF Valluzzi, R Gido, SP Zhang, WP Muller, WS Kaplan, DL TI Trigonal crystal structure of Bombyx mori silk incorporating a threefold helical chain conformation found at the air-water interface SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID FIBROIN; DIFFRACTION; PROTEINS; MODEL; NMR AB A new crystalline polymorph of Bombyx mori silk, which forms specifically at the air-water interface, has been characterized This new polymorph has a trigonal crystal structure and is distinctly different from the two previously observed silk crystal structures, silks I and II. Our identification of this new silk polymorph is based on evidence from transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction, coupled with molecular modeling. Electron diffraction indicates that the crystal structure has a trigonal unit cell. This structure consists of a hexagonal packing of chains, each of which assumes a three-fold helical conformation. The resulting crystal structure is found to be similar to that observed for polyglycine II. The sterics of the alanine and serine residues in the crystallizable segments of silk fibroin strongly favor a left-handed 3/2 helix over a right-handed 3/1 helix. Electron diffraction from unoriented samples (powder-type diffraction) provides quantitative support for a left-handed polyglycine II type of 3/2 helical conformation for the silk chains in the crystals of this new polymorph. Single-crystal diffraction patterns and patterns from uniaxially oriented samples are consistent with the proposed crystal structure. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT POLYMER SCI & ENGN,AMHERST,MA 01003. USA,NATICK RES DEV & ENGN CTR,NATICK,MA 01760. NR 49 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 30 PY 1996 VL 29 IS 27 BP 8606 EP 8614 DI 10.1021/ma9517759 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA WB741 UT WOS:A1996WB74100007 ER PT J AU Wilson, RG Chai, BLH Pearton, SJ Abernathy, CR Ren, F Zavada, JM AF Wilson, RG Chai, BLH Pearton, SJ Abernathy, CR Ren, F Zavada, JM TI Thermal stability of hydrogen in LiAlO2 and LiGaO2 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GAN; GROWTH; ALN; INN AB Hydrogen as H-2 has been incorporated into LiAlO2 and LiGaO2 by both ion implantation and by exposure to a plasma at 250 degrees C. In the implanted samples, approximately 50% of the hydrogen is lost from the surface during annealing at 500 degrees C for 20 min, and essentially all is gone by 700 degrees C. This hydrogen retention is considerably less than for other materials that are being used as substrates for III-nitride epilayer growth, such as SiC and sapphire. The indiffusion of H-2 from a plasma is much faster for LiAlO2 with an apparent diffusivity at 250 degrees C of similar to 10(-13) cm(-2) s(-1), approximately two orders of magnitude larger than for LiGaO2. Hydrogen outdiffusion from LiAlO2 or LiGaO2 substrates during III-nitride epitaxy should not be a significant problem; the hydrogen should have left these materials at temperatures less than epitaxial layer growth temperatures. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV CENT FLORIDA,CREOL,ORLANDO,FL 32826. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. AT&T BELL LABS,LUCENT TECHNOL,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. USA,RES OFF,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP Wilson, RG (reprint author), HUGHES RES LABS,MALIBU,CA 90265, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 1996 VL 69 IS 25 BP 3848 EP 3850 DI 10.1063/1.117125 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA VX975 UT WOS:A1996VX97500026 ER PT J AU Lung, WS Light, RN AF Lung, WS Light, RN TI Modelling copper removal in wetland ecosystems SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE wetland; dissolved copper pool; floating leafed macrophyte; modelling ID AQUATIC MACROPHYTES; HEAVY-METALS; PLANTS; RETENTION; SYSTEMS; CADMIUM; ONTARIO AB The quantification of the assimilative capacity of heavy metals by wetland ecosystems is a critical component in the design and use of wetlands for metals removal. A computer model has been developed to simulate the fate and transport of copper introduced to a wetland ecosystem. Modeled water quality variables include phytoplankton biomass and productivity; macrophyte (Nelumbo lutea) biomass; total phosphorus in the water column; dissolved copper in the water column and sediments; particulate copper in the water column and sediments; and suspended solids. The model was calibrated using total phosphorus and chlorophyll a data from the Old Woman Creek wetland in Ohio. Verification of the model was achieved using data on the copper content of the macrophyte Nelumbo lutea. C1 USA,CTR ENVIRONM,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. RP Lung, WS (reprint author), UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,D209 THORNTON HALL,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903, USA. NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 16 PY 1996 VL 93 IS 1-3 BP 89 EP 100 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(95)00216-2 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA VZ404 UT WOS:A1996VZ40400009 ER PT J AU Stroscio, MA AF Stroscio, MA TI Interface-phonon-assisted transitions in quantum-well lasers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON; HETEROSTRUCTURES; MODULATION; SCATTERING; SYSTEMS AB Interface-phonon-assisted transitions an shown to be important in determining the rates for bound-bound transitions as well as the optimum quantum-well parameters for recently proposed quantum-well lasers including the tunneling injection laser and the quantum cascade laser. In particular, it is demonstrated through the use of the dielectric continuum model for interface and confined phonons that the exploitation of interface-phonon-assisted transitions offers a means of maximizing key transition rates and thus of optimizing the performance of both the tunnel injection laser and the quantum cascade laser. RP Stroscio, MA (reprint author), USA,RES OFF,POB 12211,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 14 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1996 VL 80 IS 12 BP 6864 EP 6867 DI 10.1063/1.363754 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA VX872 UT WOS:A1996VX87200043 ER PT J AU Gao, W Berger, PR AF Gao, W Berger, PR TI Liquid phase epitaxial growth of InGaAs on InP using rare-earth-treated melts SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID III-V SEMICONDUCTORS; MISMATCH STRAIN; BAND-GAP; IN0.53GA0.47AS; ELEMENTS; MOBILITY; FILMS AB High-quality In(0.53)Ga(0.47)AS epilayers have been grown on semi-insulating (100) Fe-doped InP substrates. The growths were performed by liquid phase epitaxy !LPE) using rare-earth-doped melts in a graphite boat. The rare-earth elements studied were Yb, Gd and Er which act as gettering agents of impurities. Hall measurements show an elevated electron mobility for rare-earth-treated samples over undoped samples, mu(e)=11 470 cm(2)/V s at 300 K and reduced carrier concentration (n-type, 9.33x10(13) cm(-3). The Hall results indicate an improvement in layer quality, but suggests that the treated layers are compensated. Photoluminescence (PL) studies show that the layers grown from rare-earth-doped melts have higher integrated PL efficiency with narrower PL linewidths than the undoped melt growths. The grown materials were fully characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, double-crystal x-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, secondary-ion-mass spectroscopy, and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), Compositional measurements reveal no measurable incorporation of rare-earth elements into the grown epilayers. DLTS measurements indicate the creation of two deep levels with rare-earth treatment. which is attributed to either the rare earth elements or impurities from within the rare-earth elements. Subsequent glow discharge mass spectrometry measurements reveal many impurities within the rare-earth elements which preferentially might lead to p-type doping centers and/or deep levels, Thus, rare-earth doping of LPE melts clearly improves epitaxial layer quality, however, the purity of commercially available rare-earth elements hinders optimal results. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 USA,RES LAB,PHYS SCI DIRECTORATE,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703. RP Gao, W (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT ELECT ENGN,NEWARK,DE 19716, USA. RI Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014 OI Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349 NR 23 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1996 VL 80 IS 12 BP 7094 EP 7103 DI 10.1063/1.363721 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA VX872 UT WOS:A1996VX87200080 ER PT J AU Barrows, PL AF Barrows, PL TI The US Army food safety program SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Food Safety - The Safety of Foods of Animal Origin, at the 133rd Annual Meeting of the AVMA CY JUL 20, 1996 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Vet Med Assoc RP Barrows, PL (reprint author), USA,MED DEPT CTR & SCH,DEPT VET SCI,BLDG 2840,STANLEY RD,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 1996 VL 209 IS 12 BP 2061 EP 2063 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA VX283 UT WOS:A1996VX28300030 PM 8960186 ER PT J AU Fountzoulas, CG Demaree, JD Kleinmeyer, JD Kosik, WE Hirvonen, JK AF Fountzoulas, CG Demaree, JD Kleinmeyer, JD Kosik, WE Hirvonen, JK TI Tribological properties, stoichiometry and surface roughness of Si-DLC IBAD coatings SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 22-26, 1996 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; DEPOSITION; FILMS AB Hard, low-friction silicon-containing diamond-like carbon coatings (Si-DLC), were formed by Ar+ ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) on 5 '' diameter silicon wafers. The Si-DLC precursor, tetraphenyl-tetramethyl-trisiloxane [(C6H5)(4)(CH3)(4)Si3O2] was evaporated through seven, 3 mm diameter, closely packed apertures (multi-aperture container) arranged in a hexagonal pattern to initially study deposition of larger areas. Depending on deposition conditions, the maximum Knoop microhardness and the minimum sliding friction coefficient of these coatings were 20000 MPa and 0.04, respectively. These values are consistent with our previously reported single nozzle results [1]. The standard deviation of the Knoop microhardness varied from 14 to 30% over the area of the 0.127 m (5 '') substrate which was a significant improvement over our single nozzle oil container. The friction coefficient and stoichiometry of each coating was constant over the substrate area. The initial use of multi-apertures for coating larger area substrates resulting in the minimization of the coating tribological property, and roughness variation will be discussed. RP Fountzoulas, CG (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 1996 VL 86-7 IS 1-3 BP 610 EP 616 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(96)02958-1 PN 2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA WC006 UT WOS:A1996WC00600027 ER PT J AU Saha, BC Weatherford, CA AF Saha, BC Weatherford, CA TI Electron capture from excited alkali atoms by H+ at low energies SO THEOCHEM-JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Conference on Current Trends in Computational Chemistry (CCTCC) CY NOV 03-04, 1995 CL VICKSBURG, MS DE ion-atom scattering; charge-transfer; alkali atoms; alignment and orientation; low energies ID CROSS-SECTIONS; COLLISION SPECTROSCOPY; ORIENTED ATOMS; P-STATE; ALIGNMENT; ORIENTATION; EXCITATION; IMPACT AB Charge-transfer cross sections from the initially aligned np-state of alkali atoms by protons have been calculated in the 10 eV to 5 keV amu(-1) energy region. The semiclassical impact-parameter method is employed wherein a coupled molecular states expansion, augmented by the plane wave electron translation factor, is used to represent the electronic wave functions. The dependence of the cross section for the formation of the first excited (n = 2l) states of H, on the orbital geometry and the alignment of the initial state, is discussed. The cross sections are sensitive to the variation of the spatial alignment of the electron charge distribution. The cross section decreases with increasing initial alignment at lower energies, and at higher energies, the situation is reversed. At E = 0.05 keV amu(-1), the cross section is isotropically aligned. At this energy, the cross section is the same for both the initial states Sigma and Pi. The orientation of the excited H(2p) orbital resulting from electron capture is also given. C1 FLORIDA A&M UNIV,FAMU,ARMY HIGH PERFORMANCE COMP RES CTR,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32307. RP Saha, BC (reprint author), FLORIDA A&M UNIV,DEPT PHYS,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32307, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 THEOCHEM-J MOL STRUC JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD DEC 11 PY 1996 VL 388 BP 97 EP 106 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA WE809 UT WOS:A1996WE80900014 ER PT J AU Sargent, AL Rollog, ME Almlof, JE Gassman, PG Gerlt, JA AF Sargent, AL Rollog, ME Almlof, JE Gassman, PG Gerlt, JA TI Enzyme-catalyzed enolization reactions: A theoretical study on the energetics of concerted and stepwise pathways SO THEOCHEM-JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Conference on Current Trends in Computational Chemistry (CCTCC) CY NOV 03-04, 1995 CL VICKSBURG, MS DE Ab initio calculation; enzyme catalysed; hydrogen bond; LBHB; proton transfer ID CARBON ACIDS; PROTON ABSTRACTION; HYDROGEN-BONDS; UNEXPECTED ACIDITY; MECHANISMS; EXPLAIN; ENOLS AB The enzyme-catalyzed enolization of acetaldehyde has been studied using ab initio methods. The energetics of concerted and stepwise proton transfer pathways are compared, with the participation of a general acidic and/or a general basic catalyst. Two different stepwise pathways are possible and involve the formation of enolate and oxocarbonium intermediates, respectively, while the concerted pathway involves a transition state with partial proton transfer to both the carbonyl group from the general acidic catalyst and from the acidic carbon atom to the general basic catalyst. Potential energy surfaces are constructed at the RHF/6-31G level of theory for two models of the general acid/base portions of the active site; one model involves the ammonium/ammonia pair of molecules representing the general acid and general base, respectively, while the other model involves the acetic acid/acetate pair. Two reaction coordinates, which correspond roughly to the two separate stepwise mechanisms of the proton transfer reaction, are defined and 8 points along each reaction coordinate are mapped out to yield a total of 64 points on the potential energy surface. From this surface, the geometries of the stable intermediates and transition state along the concerted reaction are reoptimized at a higher level of theory, the results of which corroborate the qualitative conclusions made at the lower level of theory. The more exact calculations involve larger basis sets, a correlated wavefunction using second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory, and a self consistent reaction field to estimate the effects of solvent. The calculations show that the energy of the transition state for the concerted pathway is significantly lower than that for either stepwise processes, and that stable hydrogen-bonded intermediates are the key to the stability of this pathway. The results provide insight into the mechanisms of enzyme-catalyzed reactions which are initiated by abstraction of a proton from a carbon atom adjacent to a carbonyl or a carboxylic acid group (alpha-proton of a carbon acid) and help explain the fast rates observed for reactions such as the enolization of acetaldehyde. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CHEM,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. ARMY HIGH PERFORMANCE COMP RES CTR,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55415. MINNESOTA SUPERCOMP INST,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55415. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CHEM,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Sargent, AL (reprint author), E CAROLINA UNIV,DEPT CHEM,GREENVILLE,NC 27858, USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 THEOCHEM-J MOL STRUC JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD DEC 11 PY 1996 VL 388 BP 145 EP 159 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA WE809 UT WOS:A1996WE80900019 ER PT J AU Szebeni, J Wassef, NM Rudolph, AS Alving, CR AF Szebeni, J Wassef, NM Rudolph, AS Alving, CR TI Complement activation in human serum by liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin: The role of natural anti-phospholipid antibodies SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES LA English DT Article DE liposome; complement; hemoglobin; natural anti-phospholipid antibody; antibody ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; PATHWAY ACTIVATION; CHOLESTEROL; RAT; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; ERYTHROCYTES; BINDING; SYSTEM; INVIVO AB In exploring the occurrence and mechanism of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH)-induced complement (C) activation, we found that normal human serum contained low titers of IgG and IgM class natural antibodies with reactivity against LEH, and that the amount of vesicle-bound IgM significantly correlated with LEH-induced C consumption. IgM binding to LEH was inhibited by phosphocholine and ATP, but not by choline chloride. These data suggest that naturally occurring antibodies play a key role in LEH-induced C activation, and that a major portion of these antibodies are directed against the phosphate moiety on the phospholipid headgroups of liposome bilayers. C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT MEMBRANE BIOCHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. USN,RES LAB,CTR BIOMOL SCI & ENGN,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2736 J9 BBA-BIOMEMBRANES JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Biomembr. PD DEC 4 PY 1996 VL 1285 IS 2 BP 127 EP 130 DI 10.1016/S0005-2736(96)00201-5 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA VX692 UT WOS:A1996VX69200002 PM 8972696 ER PT J AU Dannenberg, AL McNeil, JG Brundage, JF Brockmeyer, R AF Dannenberg, AL McNeil, JG Brundage, JF Brockmeyer, R TI Suicide and HIV infection - Mortality follow-up of 4147 HIV-seropositive military service applicants SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NATIONAL-DEATH-INDEX; SCREENING-PROGRAM; AIDS; RISK; CERTIFICATES; IMPACT AB Objective.-To examine the risk of suicide among individuals positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) following screening for evidence of HIV infection. Prior studies have reported a 7- to 36-fold increased risk of suicide for persons with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Design.-Prospective cohort study. Setting.-Military service applicants from throughout the United States. Main Outcome Measure.-Death from suicide. Methods.-The National Death Index was searched for mortality among 4147 HIV-positive military service applicants and 12437 HIV-negative applicants disqualified from military service due to other medical conditions (matched 1:3 on age, race, sex, and screening date and location) identified by the US Department of Defense between October 1985 and December 1993. Death certificates were obtained from individual states. Identifiers and HIV status of living applicants were known only by the Department of Defense. Results.-The HIV-positive applicants were 92% male, 37% white, and 56% black. Median age was 24 years (range, 17-57 years). Median follow-up time was 70 months (range, 0-99 months). Ten HIV-positive (49 per 100 000 person-years) and 24 HIV-negative applicants (36 per 100 000 person-years) died of suicide (rate ratio [RR], 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]= 0.58-2.93). Suicide rates among both HIV-positive (RR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.00-3.82) and HIV-negative (RR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.07-2.48) applicants are marginally higher than those for the US general population, after adjustment for age, race, and sex. Time from screening to death was less than 3 months for 3 of 10 HIV-positive and 2 of 24 HIV-negative applicants who died of suicide. Conclusions.-The HIV-positive individuals do not appear to have a significantly increased risk of death from suicide in the months following HIV screening in this study population. Because suicide risk is reported to be greatly increased after symptomatic HIV disease is present, clinicians should consider asking persons with HIV infection about suicide risk factors during both initial counseling and subsequent medical care. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,CTR INJURY RES & POLICY,BALTIMORE,MD. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,BALTIMORE,MD. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV PREVENT MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. HENRY M JACKSON FDN ADVANCEMENT MIL MED,ROCKVILLE,MD. FU NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH47756] NR 38 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 4 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 21 BP 1743 EP 1746 DI 10.1001/jama.276.21.1743 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VV566 UT WOS:A1996VV56600032 PM 8940323 ER PT J AU Lite, K Thuemler, RL Plant, TK Wager, JF Morton, DC Sun, SS Mauch, RH AF Lite, K Thuemler, RL Plant, TK Wager, JF Morton, DC Sun, SS Mauch, RH TI Vacuum ultraviolet reflectivity measurements of thin-film electroluminescent phosphors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRA; ZNS AB Vacuum ultraviolet reflectivity measurements of three thin-film electroluminescent phosphors, zinc sulfide (ZnS), strontium sulfide (SrS), and strontium-calcium thiogallate (Sr0.45Ca0.55Ga2S4), are reported using thin-film samples. Measured ZnS reflectivity peak positions are in agreement with values previously reported in the literature. SrS room temperature reflectivity measurements are found to be consistent with previously reported low temperature measurements. Reflectivity measurements of Sr0.45Ca0.55Ga2S4 are reported for the first time; the reflectivity spectrum is found to rise monotonically above the band gap and to exhibit almost no structure, except for a small shoulder at similar to 6.8 eV and a single, broad peak at similar to 8.5 eV. The unusual nature of the Sr0.45Ca0.55Ga2S4 reflectivity spectrum is attributed to positional disorder in the stoichiometric thiogallate film. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 USA, RES LAB, FT MONMOUTH, NJ 07703 USA. PLANAR AMER INC, BEAVERTON, OR 97006 USA. HEINRICH HERTZ INST NACHRICHTENTECH BERLIN GMBH, D-10117 BERLIN, GERMANY. RP OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN, CTR ADV MAT RES, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 2 PY 1996 VL 69 IS 23 BP 3525 EP 3527 DI 10.1063/1.117233 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA VX771 UT WOS:A1996VX77100025 ER PT J AU Sanford, BE Beacham, S Hanifin, JP Hannon, P Streletz, L Sliney, D Brainard, GC AF Sanford, BE Beacham, S Hanifin, JP Hannon, P Streletz, L Sliney, D Brainard, GC TI The effects of ultraviolet-A radiation on visual evoked potentials in the young human eye SO ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article DE visual evoked potentials; humans; ultraviolet radiation ID PINEAL MELATONIN; SYRIAN-HAMSTER; HUMAN LENS; LIGHT; SUPPRESSION; SENSITIVITY; PHYSIOLOGY; SYSTEM; AGE AB A recent study from this laboratory using visual evoked potentials (VEPs) demonstrated that children's eyes are capable of detecting ultraviolet radiation. The aim of this study was to compare dose-response relationships in two age groups, 6-10 years (n = 10) and 20-25 years (n = 10). Under photopic viewing conditions (550 lux), exposures of monochromatic W-A (339 nm) and visible radiation (502 nm) were correlated to VEPs. The results demonstrate that monochromatic UV-A can elicit age and dose dependent responses in the human visual system, suggesting that the eyes of children are more responsive to UV stimuli than the eyes of young adults. C1 JEFFERSON MED COLL, DEPT NEUROL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA. USA, ENVIRONM HYG AGCY, DIV LASER MICROWAVE, ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD 21010 USA. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1395-3907 J9 ACTA OPHTHALMOL SCAN JI Acta Ophthalmol. Scand. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 74 IS 6 BP 553 EP 557 PG 5 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WC665 UT WOS:A1996WC66500008 PM 9017040 ER PT J AU Birx, DL VanCott, T Michael, N McNeil, J Stamatos, N Gilliam, B Davis, R Carr, J McCutchan, F AF Birx, DL VanCott, T Michael, N McNeil, J Stamatos, N Gilliam, B Davis, R Carr, J McCutchan, F TI Summary of track A: Basic science SO AIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XI International Conference on AIDS - One World, One Hope CY JUL 07-12, 1996 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE AIDS; HIV-1; basic science AB Aim: To review Track A, which is organized into five broad areas of emphasis. Tools: A variety of new virologic tools are allowing researchers to more effectively evaluate many aspects of HIV, from various therapies and vaccine candidates to the recombination and international spread of genotypes. Pathogenesis: The recent understandings of HIV-1 pathogenesis have led to potential new treatment strategies of early aggressive treatment with combination drugs and the potential for biologic or immunologic therapy directed to blocking viral entry through second receptors. Treatment: HIV treatment focused on chemical/drug advances and treatment, and immunologic/genetic advances. Some areas of development include optimizing combination therapies using the oncology model; continued work on new preclinical compounds (e.g. integrase and tat/rev inhibitors); evaluation of viral reduction in all compartments; and resistance surveillance and prevention. Biologics, including fusin/CC-CKR5 inhibitors and CD8 HIV-1 suppressor factors, ex vivo expansion of T cells and in vivo expansion of effector CD8 cells continue to be developed as possible future treatments. Vaccines: In order to obtain worldwide control over HIV, we must have a universally effective vaccine. The question remains as to what specifically is required for a protective response. Mechanisms of CD8 suppression, and cellular and antibody correlates of protection were discussed as areas of research that may shed light on the critical protective immune response. Genotypes: Discussion of HIV genotypes focused on international subtypes, correlates of diversity, and HIV-1 recombination. Numerous groups have shown an international intermixing of HIV-1 strains. Recombination during transcription was found to lead to extensive genomic shift and increased diversity, which may also increase HIV-1 fitness and enhance transmission. Conclusions: The spread and adaptation of HIV-1 is occurring independently of borders. Therefore, HIV-1 research must be global; vaccine development must be international in concept and application; collaboration in all areas is essential for success in combating HIV; and finally the challenge for the future will be to actively involve all basic scientists in the science of the international epidemics. C1 HENRY M JACKSON FDN,ROCKVILLE,MD. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV RETROVIROL,ROCKVILLE,MD. NR 144 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD DEC PY 1996 VL 10 SU 3 BP S85 EP S106 PG 22 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA VZ586 UT WOS:A1996VZ58600011 PM 8970716 ER PT J AU McCutchan, FE Salminen, MO Carr, JK Burke, DS AF McCutchan, FE Salminen, MO Carr, JK Burke, DS TI HIV-1 genetic diversity SO AIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XI International Conference on AIDS - One World, One Hope CY JUL 07-12, 1996 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE HIV-1; genetic diversity; subtypes; recombination ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; RNA DIMERIZATION; SUBTYPE-G; TYPE-1; IDENTIFICATION; RECOMBINATION AB Background: HIV-1 evolves by rapid mutation and by recombination, both processes actively contributing to its genetic diversity. Most of the multiple genetic subtypes and intersubtype recombinations of HIV-1 that comprise the global pandemic have not been characterized by full genome sequencing. Methods: DNA from primary virus cultures on donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells was used as template for long polymerase chain reaction amplification, molecular cloning, and automated sequencing of virtually full-length HIV-1 genomes from subtypes A, C, E, G and A/D recombinant forms. Standard phylogenetic analysis methods were employed, and some were modified for the detection and mapping of recombinant breakpoints. Results: Subtypes A, B, C and D are largely, if not entirely, distinguishable throughout the genome and show no clear evidence of intersubtype recombination. In contrast, all available sequences of subtypes E and C are recombinant with subtype A. Full-length sequences of subtypes F, H, I and J are still unavailable. Subtype E and G, and some A/D recombinant HIV, have retained the cytoplasmic domain of gp41 from subtype A. Some recombinants possess the matrix and core of one subtype and the outer envelope of another, resembling pseudotypes. Certain pairs of subtypes may have recombined more often than others. Conclusion: Recombinant HIV-1 have already established a global reservoir and are largely responsible for the rapidly expanding subtype E epidemic in Southeast Asia, Recombination may have played a key role in the evolution of HIV-1 and the geographic intermixing of subtypes, which is increasing, may foster the emergence of a even greater variety of recombinant strains. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP McCutchan, FE (reprint author), HENRY M JACKSON FDN,1600 E GUDE DR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. RI Salminen, Mika/D-8784-2013 OI Salminen, Mika/0000-0003-3020-0866 NR 65 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD DEC PY 1996 VL 10 SU 3 BP S13 EP S20 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA VZ586 UT WOS:A1996VZ58600002 PM 8970707 ER PT J AU Smith, KJ Skelton, HG Tuur, S Larson, PL Angritt, P AF Smith, KJ Skelton, HG Tuur, S Larson, PL Angritt, P TI Bacillary angiomatosis in an immunocompetent child SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacillary angiomatosis; immunity suppression; immunocompetence; Rochalimaea ID CAT SCRATCH DISEASE; BACTERIAL-INFECTION; HIV-INFECTION; PELIOSIS; ROCHALIMAEA AB Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) is a pathologic process characterized by prominent vascular proliferation secondary to organisms of the genus Rochalimaea. BA has been most commonly associated with HIV-1+ patients, but has also been reported rarely in other immune-suppressed patients and in a small group of patients with no demonstrated immune suppression. Even in immune-suppressed children, BA is extremely rare. We report a 5-year-old girl with no apparent immune suppression and no risk factors for HIV-1+ disease, who presented with a skin lesion that histopathologically was diagnostic of BA. C1 USA,MED RES INST CHEM DEF,ROCHESTER,NY. ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,DEPT DERMATOPATHOL,ROCHESTER,NY. ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,AIDS REGISTRY,ROCHESTER,NY. BARRINGTON PK DERMATOL ASSOCIATES,ROCHESTER,NY. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0193-1091 J9 AM J DERMATOPATH JI Am. J. Dermatopathol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 18 IS 6 BP 597 EP 600 DI 10.1097/00000372-199612000-00008 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA WB039 UT WOS:A1996WB03900008 PM 8989932 ER PT J AU Fryauff, DJ Krippner, R Ewald, PC Echeverria, P AF Fryauff, DJ Krippner, R Ewald, PC Echeverria, P TI Short report: Case report of Cyclospora infection acquired in Indonesia and treated with cotrimoxazole SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID FOREIGN RESIDENTS; DIARRHEA; NEPAL; TRAVELERS; ORGANISM AB A detailed chronology of unsuccessful efforts to diagnose and treat a sudden-onset case of chronic diarrhea acquired in Jakarta Indonesia, and ultimately attributed to Cyclospora is presented. A modified Kato technique was used to quantify Cyclospora oocysts during successive days prior to, during, and after successful cotrimoxazole therapy (160 mg of trimethoprim, 800 mg sulfamethoxazole twice a day for seven days) for this infection. Cyclospora was associated with 6.4% of the gastrointestinal illness and/or diarrhea cases that presented during a seven-month period to a Jakarta clinic that serves a small population of expatriates. Cyclospora and Giardia lamblia were identified with equal frequency during this period and were the dominant pathogenic intestinal parasite species found in this community. C1 EMBASSY FED REPUBL GERMANY,JAKARTA,INDONESIA. ARMED FORCES RES INST MED SCI,BANGKOK,THAILAND. RP Fryauff, DJ (reprint author), USN,MED RES UNIT 2,JAKARTA,INDONESIA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 55 IS 6 BP 584 EP 585 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA WG140 UT WOS:A1996WG14000003 PM 9025681 ER PT J AU Vogel, P Zaucha, G Goodwin, SD Kuehl, K Fritz, D AF Vogel, P Zaucha, G Goodwin, SD Kuehl, K Fritz, D TI Rapid postmortem invasion of cecal mucosa of macaques by nonpathogenic Entamoeba chattoni SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ELECTROPHORETIC ISOENZYME PATTERNS; HUMAN INFECTIONS; HISTOLYTICA; POLECKI; PATHOGENESIS; AMEBIASIS; VIRULENCE; PARASITE; STRAINS AB Although Entamoeba histolytica is the third leading parasitic cause of death in the world, most infections in humans are asymptomatic and restricted to the intestinal lumen. Entamoeba histolytica infections have also been reported in most species of captive nonhuman primates, with New World monkeys being particularly susceptible to fatal invasive amebiasis. In contrast, Old World monkeys appear to be resistant to the disease, although tissue invasion in asymptomatic monkeys has been reported. Our initial objectives were to determine the incidence, the predisposing factors, and the light microscopic and ultrastructural features of invasive amebiasis in Macaca mulatta (rhesus) and and M. fasicularis (cynomolgus) macaques. Our findings indicate that nonpathogenic E. chattoni in macaques can invade cecal mucosa rapidly (within 1 hr) after death. Therefore, the presence of invasive Entamoeba trophozoites in routinely collected necropsy materials should be interpreted with caution, particularly in cases where tissue fixation is delayed. C1 USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,VET MED DIV,FREDERICK,MD 21702. RP Vogel, P (reprint author), USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DIV PATHOL,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 55 IS 6 BP 595 EP 602 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA WG140 UT WOS:A1996WG14000006 PM 9025684 ER PT J AU Leppaniemi, AK Elliott, DC AF Leppaniemi, AK Elliott, DC TI The role of laparoscopy in blunt abdominal trauma SO ANNALS OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE abdominal trauma; blunt; laparoscopy ID GUNSHOT WOUNDS; DIAGNOSTIC LAPAROSCOPY; DIAPHRAGMATIC INJURY; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; PERITONEAL-LAVAGE; MANAGEMENT; ABDOMEN; REPAIR AB In a collective analysis of 11 reports with a total of 355 blunt abdominal trauma patients, the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic laparoscopy in predicting the eventual need for therapeutic laparotomy were 94% and 98%, respectively, with an overall accuracy of 97%, Although fairly accurate and safe (morbidity rate about 1.2%), the invasiveness, cost and time-consuming nature of diagnostic laparoscopy limit its routine use in trauma patients, It could, however, be useful in selecting patients with minor or nonbleeding injuries for nonoperative management after positive peritoneal lavage or computed tomography, and in excluding occult bowel and diaphragmatic injuries in patients with equivocal findings, thereby reducing the number of unnecessary laparotomies, With the improvement of laparoscopic techniques and instrumentation, more injuries can probably be managed laparoscopically with all the benefits observed with the shift from open to laparoscopic procedures in other patient populations, and it is likely that laparoscopy will find its place as an integral part of evaluating and treating patients with blunt abdominal trauma, At present, however, laparoscopy cannot be recommended as a routine tool for evaluating patients with blunt abdominal trauma, except in controlled clinical trials. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT SURG,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP Leppaniemi, AK (reprint author), UNIV HELSINKI,CENT HOSP,DEPT SURG,HAARTMANINKATU 4,FIN-00290 HELSINKI,FINLAND. NR 52 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0785-3890 J9 ANN MED JI Ann. Med. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 28 IS 6 BP 483 EP 489 DI 10.3109/07853899608999112 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WC061 UT WOS:A1996WC06100003 PM 9017107 ER PT J AU Mebrahtu, YB Beach, RF Lawyer, PG Perkins, PV AF Mebrahtu, YB Beach, RF Lawyer, PG Perkins, PV TI The blood-feeding behaviour of Phlebotomus martini (Diptera: Psychodidae): Is it a question of photoperiodism or circadian rhythm? SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,MALARIA BRANCH,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT ENTOMOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,ARMED FORCES PEST MANAGEMENT BOARD,FOREST GLEN SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP Mebrahtu, YB (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ENTOMOL,FORBES BLDG 410,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 90 IS 6 BP 665 EP 668 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA WA224 UT WOS:A1996WA22400015 PM 9039283 ER PT J AU James, WF Barko, JW Field, SJ AF James, WF Barko, JW Field, SJ TI Phosphorus mobilization from littoral sediments of an inlet region in Lake Delavan, Wisconsin SO ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; PHOSPHATE RELEASE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; WATER; PH; EXCHANGE; SHALLOW; IONS AB Rates of P release from littoral sediments of the inlet region of Lake Delavan, Wisconsin, were examined in the laboratory under different redox and pH regimes using sediment systems and also in situ using sediment peepers. In the laboratory, rates of P release from sediments increased about two-fold (i.e., to 7 mg m(-2) d(-1)) under oxic conditions as a result of adjusting the pH of the overlying water from 8.5 to about 9.0. Laboratory rates increased to a maximum of 23 mg m(-2) d(-1) under anoxic conditions. Both in situ pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) exhibited marked seasonal fluctuations due, primarily, to metabolism by submersed macrophytes, which occupied over 50% of the inlet region. Using continuous records of in situ pH and DO and ranges in rates of P release measured in the laboratory, we estimated an overall mean rate of P release of 5.7 mg m(-2) d(-1) from the littoral sediments during the summer (April-September) of 1994. Rates of P release estimated from Fickean diffusional fluxes were similar to rates estimated from pH and DO. Our results suggest that aquatic macrophyte communities of the inlet region enhance the mobilization of P from littoral sediment by regulating pH and DO in the surrounding environment. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MADISON,WI 53719. RP James, WF (reprint author), EAU GALLE AQUAT ECOL LAB,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,SPRING VALLEY,WI 54767, USA. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0003-9136 J9 ARCH HYDROBIOL JI Arch. Hydrobiol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 138 IS 2 BP 245 EP 257 PG 13 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA VY761 UT WOS:A1996VY76100008 ER PT J AU Andrade, D AF Andrade, D TI Inside CIA's private world: Declassified articles from the agency's internal journal, 1955-1992 - Westerfield,HB SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review RP Andrade, D (reprint author), USA,CTR MIL HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20310, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI NEW BRUNSWICK PA DEPT 3091 RUTGERS-THE STATE UNIV OF NJ, NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ 08903 SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 23 IS 2 BP 310 EP 312 DI 10.1177/0095327X9602300216 PG 3 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA WK860 UT WOS:A1996WK86000015 ER PT J AU Lawrence, GH Kane, TD AF Lawrence, GH Kane, TD TI Military service and racial attitudes of White veterans SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Data from the General Social Survey were analyzed to test the hypotheses that white veterans would express more positive attitudes toward blacks than nonveterans, and that attitudes of white veterans whose military service was in an equal opportunity (post-1975) military would be more positive toward blacks than veterans whose service occurred earlier. Racial attitudes of white veterans and nonveterans differed relatively little after controlling for effects of age, education, and year of survey response. While veterans were slightly more likely to be against special governmental obligation or assistance to black citizens, they were also slightly more apt to say they had recently entertained a black in their homes for dinner. For a limited set of variables white veterans who served after 1975 expressed slightly more negative attitudes toward blacks than did white nonveteran controls. Methodological constraints are discussed and alternative interpretations of the data are offered. The conclusion suggested is that there is no simple way to translate the relative racial harmony which exists within the military to civilian contexts. C1 GEORGE MASON UNIV,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. RP Lawrence, GH (reprint author), USA,RES INST,ORG & PERSONNEL RESOURCES RES UNIT,5001 EISENHOWER AVE,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22333, USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI NEW BRUNSWICK PA DEPT 3091 RUTGERS-THE STATE UNIV OF NJ, NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ 08903 SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 22 IS 2 BP 235 EP & PG 22 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA TX185 UT WOS:A1996TX18500004 ER PT J AU Horner, DH AF Horner, DH TI Warrior dreams. Violence and manhood in post-Vietnam America - Gibson,JW SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review RP Horner, DH (reprint author), USA COMMAND & GEN STAFF COLL,FT LEAVENWORTH,KS 66027, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI NEW BRUNSWICK PA DEPT 3091 RUTGERS-THE STATE UNIV OF NJ, NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ 08903 SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 22 IS 2 BP 307 EP 311 PG 5 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA TX185 UT WOS:A1996TX18500011 ER PT J AU Arciero, RA Taylor, DC Harrison, SA Snyder, RJ Leahy, KE Uhorchak, JM AF Arciero, RA Taylor, DC Harrison, SA Snyder, RJ Leahy, KE Uhorchak, JM TI Interscalene anesthesia for shoulder arthroscopy in a community-sized military hospital SO ARTHROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE regional anesthesia; interscalene block; shoulder arthroscopy ID BRACHIAL-PLEXUS BLOCK AB The first 100 consecutive shoulder arthroscopic procedures performed under interscalene anesthesia at a small community-sized military hospital are the basis of this report. This method of anesthesia was compared with 100 shoulder arthroscopies performed in a previous 2-year time period under general anesthesia. A variety of arthroscopic and subsequent open reconstructive procedures about the shoulder were performed using both techniques, Using the interscalene method, 87 regional blocks were entirely successful. Thirteen patients required conversion to general anesthesia for adequate pain control; however, 4 of these had a complete block in the recovery room and required no postoperative narcotics. Seven patients required supplementation with local anesthetic when an open procedure became necessary. There were no major complications. Minor complications included 5 patients with transient Horner's syndrome, 4 patients who experienced anxiety, which was controlled with sedation, and 3 with nausea or pruritus. Interscalene anesthesia provided excellent intraoperative and postoperative analgesia with low morbidity. On a subsequent questionnaire, all patients with a successful block reported that they were extremely satisfied with their experience. Ten patients who had previous shoulder surgery under general anesthesia preferred the interscalene method. In summary, interscalene anesthesia proved to be an excellent method of anesthesia for shoulder arthroscopy. The technique is reproducible within the resources available in most community-level hospitals. C1 US MIL ACAD,W POINT,NY 10996. NR 11 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD DEC PY 1996 VL 12 IS 6 BP 715 EP 719 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA VZ368 UT WOS:A1996VZ36800013 PM 9115561 ER PT J AU Muza, SR Banderet, LE Forte, VA AF Muza, SR Banderet, LE Forte, VA TI Effects of chemical defense clothing and individual equipment on ventilatory function and subjective reactions SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INSPIRATORY RESISTANCE; EXERCISE; PERFORMANCE; LOADS AB Background We hypothesized that the multiple layers of protective clothing (PC) of a Chemical Defense Uniform (CDU) with body armor (BA), and load bearing equipment (LBE) impose an external impedance on breathing mechanics in addition to that caused by the chemical-biological protective mask (CB mask). Methods: We measured the effects of wearing the CDU with BA + LBE on the mechanics and pattern of breathing and subjective reactions in 15 male soldiers during rest and sustained exercise (600 W). Heat strain on each soldier was made minimal and equivalent between the battle dress uniform (BDU) and CDU configurations. Results: Results from wearing the CDU were contrasted with data from wearing a physical training uniform (PTU), or BDU. At rest, the CDU decreased maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) by 25% (p < 0.05) compared with the PTU. The CB mask alone reduced MVV 20% (p < 0.05), and the PC + BA + LEE components of the CDU contributed an additional 5% decrement (p = 0.059). The CB mask decreased maximal respiratory flows (p ( 0.05), whereas the PC + BA + LBE components decreased lung volumes (p < 0.05), and potentiated the decrement of respiratory flows. Total respiratory system elastance (Ers) was increased by 16% (p < 0.05) in the CDU. During exercise, VE was comparable for both the CDU and BDU, but VT was smaller (p < 0.01) and fR greater (p < 0.05) in the CDU; a breathing pattern consistent with the increased Ers. Perceptions of anxiety, not getting enough air, not breathing the way one usually does, and not being relaxed were greater (p < 0.05) during exercise in the CDU than in the BDU. Conclusions: This study shows that some of the respiratory impairment associated with the wearing of CDU is created by the PC, BA and LBE which present a unique external constraint on the chest wall. These impairments to ventilation may provoke more aversive effects than the larger resistive loads imposed by the CB mask. RP Muza, SR (reprint author), USA,ENVIRONM MED RES INST,NATICK,MA 01760, USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 67 IS 12 BP 1190 EP 1197 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA VX623 UT WOS:A1996VX62300015 PM 8968488 ER PT J AU Grimes, JB Labbate, LA AF Grimes, JB Labbate, LA TI Spontaneous orgasm with the combined use of bupropion and sertraline SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter ID SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION; FLUOXETINE RP Grimes, JB (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,OUTPATIENT PSYCHIAT CLIN,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD DEC 1 PY 1996 VL 40 IS 11 BP 1184 EP 1185 DI 10.1016/S0006-3223(96)00340-X PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA VT527 UT WOS:A1996VT52700016 PM 8931924 ER PT J AU Thomas, VLK Gropper, SS AF Thomas, VLK Gropper, SS TI Effect of chromium nicotinic acid supplementation on selected cardiovascular disease risk factors SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chromium; glucose; lipids; healthy adults; noninsulin-dependent diabetes ID GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; INORGANIC CHROMIUM; BREWERS-YEAST; SERUM-LIPIDS; INSULIN; CHOLESTEROL; METABOLISM; ABSORPTION; DIABETICS AB The effects of daily supplemental chromium (200 mu g) complexed with 1.8 mg nicotinic acid on plasma glucose and lipids, including total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides; were assessed in 14 healthy adults and 5 adults with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) using a double-blind crossover study with 8-wk experimental periods. Eight of the 14 healthy subjects and all 5 subjects with NIDDM also underwent an oral glucose tolerance test with assessment of 90 min postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. No statistically significant effects of chromium nicotinic acid supplementation were found on plasma insulin, glucose, or lipid concentrations, although chromium nicotinic acid supplementation slightly lowered fasting plasma total and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose concentrations, and 90-min postprandial glucose concentrations in individuals with NIDDM. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT NUTR & FOOD SCI,AUBURN,AL 36849. USA,PERSONNEL COMMAND,SP,DPH,TADC,ALEXANDRIA,VA. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 55 IS 3 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1007/BF02785287 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA WQ792 UT WOS:A1996WQ79200008 PM 9096856 ER PT J AU Trevino, G Andreas, EL AF Trevino, G Andreas, EL TI On wavelet analysis of nonstationary turbulence SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COHERENT STRUCTURES; FOREST CANOPY; TRANSFORMS; CASCADE; MOTIONS AB Wavelets are new tools for turbulence analysis that are yielding important insights into boundary-layer processes. Wavelet analysis, however, has some as yet undiscussed limitations: failure to recognize these can lead to misinterpretation of wavelet analysis results. Here we discuss some limitations of wavelet analysis when applied to nonstationary turbulence. Our main point is that the analysis wavelet must be carefully matched to the phenomenon of interest, because wavelet coefficients obscure significant information in the signal being analyzed. For example, a wavelet that is a second-difference operator can provide no information on the linear trend in a turbulence signal. Wavelet analysis also yields no meaningful information about nonlinear behavior in a signal - contrary to claims in the literature - because, at any instant, a wavelet is a single-scale operator, while nonlinearity involves instantaneous interactions among many scales. C1 USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,HANOVER,NH 03755. RP Trevino, G (reprint author), CHIRES ASSOCIATES INC,HOUGHTON,MI 49931, USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 81 IS 3-4 BP 271 EP 288 DI 10.1007/BF02430332 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WC525 UT WOS:A1996WC52500004 ER PT J AU Mueller, EJ Zeidman, EJ Desmond, PM Thompson, IM Optenberg, SA Wasson, J AF Mueller, EJ Zeidman, EJ Desmond, PM Thompson, IM Optenberg, SA Wasson, J TI Reduction of length of stay and cost of transurethral resection of the prostate by early catheter removal SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE benign prostatic hyperplasia; cost; transurethral resection of the prostate; catheter removal ID TRANS-URETHRAL PROSTATECTOMY; 100 CONSECUTIVE PATIENTS; HOSPITAL STAY AB Objective To determine whether early removal of the indwelling Foley catheter after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURF) significantly shortens the hospital stay without causing additional morbidity and thus saves costs. Patients and methods For the year commencing 1 July 1991, 119 patients who had undergone TURF had their indwelling catheter removed on the first day after surgery. The results and morbidity of this group of patients were compared with those in 152 patients undergoing TURP during the previous pear. The economic consequences of this protocol were calculated using both Medicare and CHAMPUS data. Results The demographics of the patients in both groups were similar. Post-operative complications occurred in 5% of the study patients and in 6.6% of controls; a transfusion was required in 2.5% and 1.3%, clot retention developed in 1.7% and 3.3% and the hospital stay was reduced from 3.1 to 1.28 days in the study and control patients, respectively, Using Medicare data, the mean cost saving of early catheter removal would be $829 and $1406 for patients aged <70 and >70 years, respectively, For CHAMPUS patients. the cost saving would be $1983. Conclusion Early removal of the catheter after TURF did not increase morbidity and maintained the efficacy of the procedure. If this practice was adopted nationally, the savings resulting from the reduction in hospital stay would be considerable. C1 BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,DEPT SURG,UROL SERV,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78234. USA,HLTH SERV COMMAND,CLIN INVEST ACT,SAN ANTONIO,TX. DARTMOUTH COLL SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY & FAMILY MED,HANOVER,NH. RI Desmond, Patricia /D-1966-2014 OI Desmond, Patricia /0000-0002-4803-6323 NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0007-1331 J9 BRIT J UROL JI Br. J. Urol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 78 IS 6 BP 893 EP 896 DI 10.1046/j.1464-410X.1996.01614.x PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA VV858 UT WOS:A1996VV85800014 PM 9014714 ER PT J AU Rosen, LN Martin, L AF Rosen, LN Martin, L TI Impact of childhood abuse history on psychological symptoms among male and female soldiers in the US Army SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE child abuse and neglect; US Army soldiers; psychological symptoms ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; SEXUAL ABUSE; PHYSICAL ABUSE; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; SAMPLE; MEN; VICTIMIZATION; CONSEQUENCES; PREVALENCE; ADJUSTMENT AB The long-term psychological effects of four different types of childhood maltreatment were examined among 1,072 male and 305 female soldiers on active duty in the United States Army. The predictor variables included four subscales from the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)-(1) physical-emotional abuse, (2) sexual abuse, (3) emotional neglect, and (4) physical neglect. An additional sexual abuse variable based on the four screening questions developed by Finkelhor, Hotaling, Lewis, and Smith (1990) was also included. Outcome was measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory and a dissociation scale developed by Briere and Runtz (1988). MANOVAs were conducted for each outcome measure. Physical-emotional abuse contributed to most of the effects. However, sexual abuse contributed additional significant effects to all of the subscales. In general, males and females showed similar outcomes, but certain gender differences were noted. RP Rosen, LN (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT MIL PSYCHIAT,DIV NEUROPSYCHIAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 35 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1149 EP 1160 DI 10.1016/S0145-2134(96)00112-3 PG 12 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA VV282 UT WOS:A1996VV28200003 PM 8985606 ER PT J AU Kovacs, B Vassilopoulos, D Vogelgesang, SA Tsokos, GC AF Kovacs, B Vassilopoulos, D Vogelgesang, SA Tsokos, GC TI Defective CD3-mediated cell death in activated T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Role of decreased intracellular TNF-alpha SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; FAS-LIGAND; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; CROSS-LINKING; LYMPHOCYTES; ANTIGEN; RECEPTOR; DISEASE; EXPRESSION AB Activation-induced cell death (AICD) plays an important role in the regulation of the immune response by eliminating preactivated and potentially autoreactive cells. To elucidate possible abnormalities of AICD in human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we studied AICD in activated T cells from patients with SLE and normal controls. CD3-mediated cell death was determined in short-term T cell lines by flow cytometry using propidium iodide staining and analysis of DNA subdiploid peak populations. It was found to be significantly lower in T cells from SLE patients compared to cells from normal controls. Anti-Fas mAb-mediated cell death was similar in SLE and control cell lines. CD3-mediated AICD could be blocked in control and SLE T cell lines by an IgG anti-Fas mAb. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis showed statistically significantly less intracellular TNF-alpha in SLE T cells than in control cells. These data show that activated T cells from patients with SLE are relatively resistant to a TCR-mediated death stimulus although they display intact anti-Fas mAb-mediated cell death. Defective antigen-mediated cell death can contribute to increased numbers of activated autoreactive cells in lupus patients. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT CLIN PHYSIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 43 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0090-1229 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 81 IS 3 BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.1006/clin.1996.0192 PG 10 WC Immunology; Pathology SC Immunology; Pathology GA VV268 UT WOS:A1996VV26800013 PM 8938108 ER PT J AU Bass, JW Longfield, JN AF Bass, JW Longfield, JN TI Serum levels of penicillin in basic trainees in the U.S. army who received intramuscular penicillin G benzathine - Reply SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234. RP Bass, JW (reprint author), TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HONOLULU,HI 96859, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1333 EP 1334 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VV276 UT WOS:A1996VV27600035 ER PT J AU Shekhar, S Ravada, S Kumar, V Chubb, D Turner, G AF Shekhar, S Ravada, S Kumar, V Chubb, D Turner, G TI Parallelizing a GIS on a shared address space architecture SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article AB Visualization applications-like flight simulators and virtual reality environments-use geographic information systems to represent actual terrain. Applications like these impose stringent restrictions on acceptable performance and response time. Sequential methods do not meet these requirements, but parallel methods can. The authors are developing a high-performance GIS on an SGI Challenge, a 16-processor machine with a shared address space architecture. They describe how they parallelized a key GIS operation using a message-passing algorithm. As part of the GIS project, the authors evaluated the effect of parallelizing an important GIS operation: range query. They parallelized range query using data partitioning (to reduce synchronization) and dynamic load balancing (to improve speedup). They found these approaches do achieve the performance required for many GIS applications. The approach described here links two diverse approaches to the design of parallel architectures and algorithms. Parallel architectures have emphasized either shared address space or message passing; algorithms either the PRAM or message-passing models. The authors advocate a different link between the architecture and algorithms-their range query operation uses a message-passing algorithm, yet is appropriate for a SASA architecture. C1 USA,RES LAB,INFORMAT PROC DIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20310. USA,CECOM,INTELLIGENCE & ELECT WARFARE DIRECTORATE,WASHINGTON,DC 20310. RP Shekhar, S (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT COMP SCI,4-192 EE-CS,200 UNION ST SE,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD DEC PY 1996 VL 29 IS 12 BP 42 EP & DI 10.1109/2.546608 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA VX483 UT WOS:A1996VX48300013 ER PT J AU Ngo, D Videen, G Chylek, P AF Ngo, D Videen, G Chylek, P TI A FORTRAN code for the scattering of EM waves by a sphere with a nonconcentric spherical inclusion SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic scattering; two sphere system ID LIGHT AB We present a FORTRAN code for the scattering of an electromagnetic plane wave from an eccentrically placed sphere located within another sphere. This program calculates the Mueller scattering matrix elements, S-ij, the extinction, scattering, and absorption efficiencies and the asymmetry parameter. The incident angle of the incoming plane wave, the free space wavelength, the radii, indices of refraction, and the distance of separation between the centers of the two spheres are all arbitrary. With minor modifications, the program can be made to vary in the incident beam, distance, or inclusion radius, Of particular interest is the variation in the size of the host sphere, which can be simulated to study the resonance features of a particular system. The main code and all the subroutines are in double precision to ensure a higher degree of accuracy. C1 EDGEWOOD RES & DEV ENGN CTR,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. USA,RES LAB,AMSRL,BE,ADELPHI,MD 20783. DALHOUSIE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,HALIFAX,NS B3H 3J5,CANADA. SUNY ALBANY,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,ALBANY,NY 12222. RP Ngo, D (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 99 IS 1 BP 94 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(96)00109-9 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA VW241 UT WOS:A1996VW24100012 ER PT J AU Rogers, BR AF Rogers, BR TI Three-dimensional selection and its potential application in graphics and image processing of geoscience data SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article RP Rogers, BR (reprint author), USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,100 PENN SQ E,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI JI Comput. Geosci. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1187 EP 1189 DI 10.1016/S0098-3004(96)00059-3 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA WE679 UT WOS:A1996WE67900013 ER PT J AU Ellison, RT PerezPerez, G Welsh, CH Blaser, MJ Riester, KA Cross, AS Donta, ST Peduzzi, P AF Ellison, RT PerezPerez, G Welsh, CH Blaser, MJ Riester, KA Cross, AS Donta, ST Peduzzi, P TI Risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in intensive care unit patients: Role of Helicobacter pylori SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Helicobacter pylori; immunoglobulin A; gastritis; gastrointestinal hemorrhage; critical care; intubation, nasogastric; intensive care unit; stomach ID NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA; GASTRODUODENAL DISEASE; CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORI; STRESS EROSIONS; HEAD-INJURY; SUCRALFATE; PROPHYLAXIS; INFECTION; ULCERATION AB Objective: To determine the role of preexisting Helicobacter pylori infection in the development of acute upper gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage in intensive care unit (ICU) patients in relation to other potential predisposing risk factors, Design: Prospective, multicenter, cohort study, Setting: Medical and surgical ICUs in six tertiary care Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Patients: Eight hundred seventy-four patients without previous GI bleeding or peptic ulcer disease who were enrolled in a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of prophylactic intravenous immunoglobulin to prevent ICU-associated infections, Interventions: This substudy of the larger intravenous immunoglobulin study only involved data analysis and had no intervention, All patients were enrolled in the larger study where they received intravenous immunoglobulin or placebo as intervention, Measurements and Main Results: Patients were prospectively evaluated for the development of acute upper GI hemorrhage while in an ICU, Anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A concentrations were determined by enzyme immunoassay on preintervention serum samples, Seventy-six (9%) patients had overt upper GI bleeding and a mortality rate of 49%, as compared with a 15% mortality rate in patients who did not bleed (p < .001), By logistic regression analysis, the following factors were associated with an increased risk of bleeding: acute hepatic failure, prolonged duration of nasogastric tube placement, alcoholism and an increased serum concentration of anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin A. Conclusions: Increased anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin A concentrations, prolonged nasogastric intubation, alcoholism, and acute hepatic failure were found to be independently correlated with the development of acute GI bleeding in an ICU setting, These observations should be prospectively confirmed in an Independent population before being used for treatment guidelines. C1 UNIV COLORADO,SCH MED,DENVER,CO. DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DENVER,CO. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37212. DEPT VET AFFAIRS,COOPERAT STUDIES PROGRAM,COORDINATING CTR,W HAVEN,CT. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,BOSTON,MA. RP Ellison, RT (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,MED CTR,SCH MED,55 LAKE AVE N,WORCESTER,MA 01655, USA. NR 33 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1974 EP 1981 DI 10.1097/00003246-199612000-00008 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA VX998 UT WOS:A1996VX99800008 PM 8968264 ER PT J AU Honeycutt, ME Jarvis, AS McFarland, VA AF Honeycutt, ME Jarvis, AS McFarland, VA TI Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and its metabolites SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article ID NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; TRINITROTOLUENE; TOXICITY AB Composting has been advocated and is being used as an economical method for remediating 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)-contaminated soils. However, evidence suggests that TNT is transformed into products of unknown toxicity during the process. This study was undertaken to examine the in vitro cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of TNT and several of its degradation products/metabolites. TNT was equally cytotoxic to H4IIE cells and Chinese hamster ovary-gl (CHO) cells (LC(50) of 4 g/ml vs 24 mu g/ml, with overlapping 95% prediction intervals), indicating that TNT does not need to be metabolized to exhibit cytotoxicity. Four metabolites studied, 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene; 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene; 4,4',6,6'-tetranitro-2,2'-azoxytoluene; and 2,2',6,6'-tetranitro-4,4'-azoxytoluene, were equally cytotoxic to both H4IIE and CHO cells. The LC(50)s were in the 3- to 18-mu g/ml range and were not significantly different from TNT cytotoxicity in both cell lines. 4-Amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-A) was moderately less cytotoxic than TNT to H4IIE cells, but was noncytotoxic to CHO cells. This result indicates that ii-A is metabolized to a cytotoxic compound. Both TNT and its metabolites exhibited only slight mutagenicity at high doses in one or both of the mutagenicity assays. While composting may reduce the levels of TNT in composted material, the hazard associated with TNT-contaminated soils is probably lower, but still uncertain. (C) 1996 Academic Press. C1 USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,VICKSBURG,MS 39180. NR 20 TC 109 Z9 111 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 35 IS 3 BP 282 EP 287 DI 10.1006/eesa.1996.0112 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA WE818 UT WOS:A1996WE81800013 PM 9007006 ER PT J AU Callahan, HL Portal, IF Bensinger, SJ Grogl, M AF Callahan, HL Portal, IF Bensinger, SJ Grogl, M TI Leishmania spp: Temperature sensitivity of promastigotes in vitro as a model for tropism in vivo SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Leishmania; kinetoplastida; temperature; tropism ID OPERATION DESERT-STORM; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; SOUTHERN FRANCE; KALA-AZAR; INFANTUM; DONOVANI; INVITRO; MEXICANA; DISEASE AB Since in humans, skin temperature is lower than internal temperature, the temperature sensitivity of Leishmania may influence the tropism of Leishmania in the human host; temperature-sensitive parasites may remain in the skin, temperature-resist ant parasites may go to the viscera. In order to pursue the genetic factors controlling Leishmania tropism, we have developed an in vitro promastigote temperature model. Promastigote growth is measured at 30, 32, and 34 degrees C and compared with growth at the control temperature (25 degrees C). The results from tests of the promastigote temperature sensitivity of eight species (33 different strains) show that visceral species (L. donovani and L. chagasi) are more temperature resistant than cutaneous species (L. major, L. tropica, L. mexicana, L. braziliensis, L. panamensis, and L. amazonensis), that Old World species are more temperature-resistant than New World species, and that within the New World cutaneous species there are three distinct temperature sensitivity groupings (L. mexicana > L. braziliensis and L. panamensis > L. amazonensis). Interestingly, viscerotropic L, tropica from Operation Desert Storm and L. donovani complex strains isolated from cutaneous lesions are more and less temperature-sensitive, respectively, than strains of the same species with the expected tropism in vivo. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV EXPT THERAPEUT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. USA,MED RES UNIT BRAZIL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 84 IS 3 BP 400 EP 409 DI 10.1006/expr.1996.0128 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA VW081 UT WOS:A1996VW08100010 PM 8948329 ER PT J AU Thirlwall, MF Graham, AM Arculus, RJ Harmon, RS Macpherson, CG AF Thirlwall, MF Graham, AM Arculus, RJ Harmon, RS Macpherson, CG TI Resolution of the effects of crustal assimilation, sediment subduction, and fluid transport in island arc magmas: Pb-Sr-Nd-O isotope geochemistry of Grenada, Lesser Antilles SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID EARTH ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; OCEANIC-CRUST; BASALTS; CONSTRAINTS; MANTLE; CONTAMINATION; PETROGENESIS; GENESIS AB New lead, strontium, neodymium, and oxygen isotope and chemical data are reported for forty-three samples from the picrite to low-CaO andesite differentiation series (the M-series) of Grenada, Lesser Antilles island are. Revised isotopic data for the low-Mg, high-Ca C-series basalts show tight correlations with MgO that confirm published interpretations of C-series evolution by coupled assimilation-fractional crystallisation (AFC). delta(18)O determined by laser fluorination on phenocryst augite increases from mantle values (+5.6) to the highest values observed in Grenada(+6.2) over the small observed range in Nd-143/Nd-144, consistent with AFC. The most magnesian C-series basalts can be generated by about 16% olivine fractionation from picrites similar in major elements to M-series picrites, but with greater large ion lithophile element (LILE) enrichment and more MORE-Like isotopic ratios. The strong enrichment in LILE relative to rare earth elements (REE), and in REEs relative to Nb and Zr, implies fluid transport of these elements from subducted altered ocean crust. This is consistent with constant Sr-87/Sr-86 around 0.7045, but lower Nd-143/Nd-144 and higher Delta(207)Pb and Th/U than MORE require a small (ca. 0.2%) additional subducted sediment contribution. Some LILE (Pb, Rb) are not strongly enriched and Ce/Pb ratios are close to those of MORE. This may be due to release of a substantial part of the slab Pb at shallower depth than the zone of magma generation. Grenada high-silica andesites (>58% SiO2) lie on extensions of C-series AFC correlations, reflecting assimilation with amphibole-dominated fractionation from C-series parents. AFC does not lead to strongly radiogenic Pb in the andesites despite an inferred contaminant with Pb-206/(204)pb > 20. This is because Pb is much more incompatible than Nd due to apatite and hornblende fractionation, resulting in progressively slower (206)pb/Pb-204 increase as magmatic Pb contents rise. M-series picrites and basic andesites display evidence for three-component mixing on Sr-Nd isotope, Nd-Pb isotope, and Pb/Nd ratio-Nd-143/Nd-144 diagrams. One endmember has isotopic compositions similar to the uncontaminated C-series lavas, although it has less LILE enrichment from subduction fluid. Two groups of M-series picrites are recognized with lower and higher La/Y; these have respectively higher (ca. 0.51290) and lower (ca. 0.51280) Nd-143/Nd-144, but similar ranges in Sr-87/Sr-86 and (206)pb/ Pb-204. The sample with the most extreme low Nd-143/Nd-144 (0.51256) has the lowest Pb-206/Pb-204 in the M-series: all aspects of the chemistry and isotope systematics of this sample are consistent with generation from a mantle source with a relatively high contribution (ca. 2%) from subducted local seafloor sediment (Pb-206/Pb-204 F approximate to 19.2). A progressively greater contribution from this sediment can successfully explain the neodymium isotopic shift from the C-series through the low-La/Y M-series picrites to the high-La/Y M-series picrites. The extent of fluid modification of the mantle source, as monitored by LILE enrichment relative to LREE, broadly decreases as the subducted sediment component increases. Basic andesites of the M-series also display low- and high-La/Y groups, and can be generated from the picrites by amphibole-dominated fractional crystallisation. The highest Pb-206/Pb-204, Sr-87/Sr-86, and Pb/Nd in Grenada are found in low-La/Y basic andesites and suggest that fractionation of low-La/Y picrite was accompanied by some 6% high-level assimilation of crust with high Sr/Nd and Pb-206/Pb-204 > 20. This hypothesis is strongly supported by the presence of O-18-enriched quartz xenocrysts of crustal origin in two of the three basic andesites. Smaller amounts (2-5%) of the same crustal component can satisfactorily model the variation of Pb/Nd, Pb-206/Pb-204, and Sr-87/Sr-86 al constant Nd-143/Nd-144 in the picrites, an interpretation supported by correlations between isotope ratios and MgO in the high-La/Y picrites. AFC relationships in the C-series can be modelled using a similar crustal assimilant, but it must have much lower Pb/Nd ratios. The C-series assimilant cannot be M-series magma products, since M-series Pb/Nd ratios are too high, and M-series magmas themselves only achieve high Pb-206/Pb-204 through crustal assimilation. Lead isotope compositions of Grenada magmas, even picrites, are largely controlled by high-level crustal assimilation, mostly through AFC processes. Since these magmas include some of the most magnesian lavas found in arcs worldwide, we recommend caution in interpreting the lead isotope chemistry of are magmas elsewhere to be the result of mantle and subduction processes. C1 BP EXPLORAT CO LTD,DYCE AB2 0PB,ABERDEEN,SCOTLAND. USA,RES OFF,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP Thirlwall, MF (reprint author), UNIV LONDON,ROYAL HOLLOWAY & BEDFORD NEW COLL,DEPT GEOL,EGHAM TW20 0EX,SURREY,ENGLAND. RI Macpherson, Colin/F-3861-2012 OI Macpherson, Colin/0000-0001-5302-6405 NR 58 TC 136 Z9 139 U1 2 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC PY 1996 VL 60 IS 23 BP 4785 EP 4810 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00272-4 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA VY922 UT WOS:A1996VY92200015 ER PT J AU Koh, G Yankielun, NE Baptista, AI AF Koh, G Yankielun, NE Baptista, AI TI Snow cover characterization using multiband FMCW radars SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Eastern Snow Conference CY MAY, 1996 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA DE snow cover; frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar; characterization ID MICROWAVE AB The use of radars to characterize the physical properties of a snow cover offers an attractive alternative to manual snow pit measurements. Radar techniques are non-invasive and have the potential to cover large areas of a snow-covered terrain. A promising radar technique for snow cover studies is the frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar. The use of a multiband radar approach for snow cover studies was investigated in order to fully exploit the capabilities of FMCW radars. FMCW radars operating at and near the C-, X- and K-a-bands were used to obtain radar profiles over a wide range of snow cover conditions. These frequency-dependent radar signatures were used to identify important snow cover features such as ice and depth boar layers. Snow grain size information was also obtained from the frequency-dependent scattering losses that were observed in the snow cover. Several case studies of FMCW radar profiles are presented in order to demonstrate the advantages of a multiband radar approach for monitoring the spatial and temporal variability of snow cover properties and/or processes over an extended area. RP Koh, G (reprint author), USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,72 LYME RD,HANOVER,NH 03755, USA. NR 7 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 10 IS 12 BP 1609 EP 1617 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199612)10:12<1609::AID-HYP504>3.0.CO;2-O PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA WG090 UT WOS:A1996WG09000006 ER PT J AU Adams, GF Ausherman, DA Crippen, SL Sos, GT Williams, BP Heidelbach, R AF Adams, GF Ausherman, DA Crippen, SL Sos, GT Williams, BP Heidelbach, R TI The ERIM interferometric SAR: IFSARE SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM) and Horizons, Inc. have completed the development, calibration and evaluation of the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)/US Army Topographic Engineering Center (TEC) funded IFSARE (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar for Digital Terrain Elevations) system. This system rapidly produces geocoded SAR imagery and digital terrain elevation data. The dual-channel, X-band SAR is installed in the ERIM Learjet 36. The ground processor was developed in collaboration with the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The system produces 1.5 to 3.0 meters (1 sigma) absolute accuracy three-dimensional terrain elevation data over large areas without the use of ground control paints. Several examples from recent data collections are presented. C1 USA,TOPOG ENGN CTR,FT BELVOIR,VA 22310. RP Adams, GF (reprint author), ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN,POB 134001,ANN ARBOR,MI 48113, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 11 IS 12 BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1109/62.544797 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA VV740 UT WOS:A1996VV74000009 ER PT J AU Leiner, BM Ruth, RJ Sastry, AR AF Leiner, BM Ruth, RJ Sastry, AR TI Goals and challenges of the DARPA GloMo program SO IEEE PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Continuing advances in high-speed computation, signal processing, and miniaturization are opening up new opportunities for advancing the state of the art in mobile, wireless, multimedia information systems technologies. Such technologies are critical to meeting the defense requirements for rapidly deployable and robust information systems. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) initiated the Global Mobile Information Systems (GloMo) program in 1994 to develop and demonstrate technologies to support these requirements. The GloMo program leverages and integrates several previous related DARPA programs. It is a ''vertically integrated'' program, dealing with issues ranging from underlying radio and signal processing technology through middleware to support of mobile applications. The GloMo program supports a number of research projects at various organizations, with the scope of the projects ranging from concept development to demonstration of prototype systems. The GloMo research community is collaborating to link the individual research efforts within these diverse activities, collectively demonstrating major technological advances through a distributed digital wireless communications testbed being developed under the program. Such advances will be leveraged and demonstrated in specific user scenarios of interest in defense applications. The technologies developed are intended to serve as catalysts for new commercial wireless information systems and services, thereby making the technology accessible to the military through commercial products and services. C1 USA,CECOM,CTR RES DEV & ENGN,FT MONMOUTH,NJ. SRI INT,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP Leiner, BM (reprint author), MICROELECT & COMP TECHNOL CORP,AUSTIN,TX 78759, USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1070-9916 J9 IEEE PERS COMMUN JI IEEE Pers. Commun. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 3 IS 6 BP 34 EP 43 DI 10.1109/98.556477 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA VZ429 UT WOS:A1996VZ42900006 ER PT J AU Kanan, AM LiKamWa, P MitraDutta Pamulapati, J AF Kanan, AM LiKamWa, P MitraDutta Pamulapati, J TI 1.7-ps consecutive switching in an integrated multiple-quantum-well Y-junction optical switch SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESPONSE-TIME; SUBPICOSECOND; GATE AB Ultrafast all-optical switching has been demonstrated in a Y-junction waveguide device fabricated on a GaAs-AlGaAs multiple quantum well structure, The mechanism responsible for switching is attributed to the optical Stark effect which enabled consecutive switching events spaced 1.7 ps apart. Carrier generation due to linear absorption of the band-tail states and the observed two-photon absorption results in a gradual slope in the background, Our experiments indicate that nonlinear refraction due to the ac Stark effect is most pronounced when the excitation field is polarized with the E-field parallel to the interfaces. C1 UNIV CENT FLORIDA,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,ORLANDO,FL 32816. USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20783. RP Kanan, AM (reprint author), UNIV CENT FLORIDA,CTR RES & EDUC OPT & LASERS,ORLANDO,FL 32816, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 8 IS 12 BP 1641 EP 1643 DI 10.1109/68.544704 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA VV260 UT WOS:A1996VV26000020 ER PT J AU Khanna, SM Houdayer, A Jorio, A Carlone, C Parenteau, M Gerdes, JW AF Khanna, SM Houdayer, A Jorio, A Carlone, C Parenteau, M Gerdes, JW TI Nuclear radiation displacement damage prediction in gallium arsenide through low temperature photoluminescence measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 15-19, 1996 CL RENAISSANCE ESMERALD CONFERENCE RESORT, INDIAN WELLS, CA SP IEEE NPSS, Def Nucl Agcy, Sandia Natl Labs, Phillips Labs, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Lab, Jet Prop Lab HO RENAISSANCE ESMERALD CONFERENCE RESORT ID GAMMA-RADIATION; GAAS; ELECTRON; SEMICONDUCTORS; DEFECTS AB The intensity of the dominant peak in; the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of irradiated n and p-type GaAs has been measured for several energetic incident particles. The degradation of the PL intensity for all types of irradiations used in this work is quasi-linear with fluence in n-type GaAs. For p-type GaAs, the dependence is linear for electron irradiation and quasi-quadratic for neutron, proton and heavy ion irradiations. These results are compared with NIEL calculations for proton, electron and gamma irradiation. In n-type GaAs, the PL intensity was found to correlate well with NIEL for electron and proton irradiations. In comparing the gamma irradiation results with NIEL, the discrepancy is a factor of 30. This discrepancy is attributed to the weaker bound complexes formed by gamma irradiation compared to electron irradiation. In p-type GaAs, the PL intensity correlates well with NIEL for electron and proton irradiations if the definition of a degradation constant contains the linear dependence for the former and quadratic for the latter. The quadratic dependence is attributed to the formation of complexes. Annealing, whose partial effect is to dissociate complexes, confirms the consistency between NIEL and the data on proton and heavy ion irradiations. The weaker correlation between electron and neutron irradiation in the annealed samples is attributed to the U band defect, which is created by neutron irradiation but not by electron irradiation. The variety of possible complexes that form when GaAs is irradiated suggests that much caution should be taken when using electron or gamma irradiation to estimate damage due to heavier particles. C1 UNIV MONTREAL,DEPT PHYS,MONTREAL,PQ H3C 3J7,CANADA. UNIV SHERBROOKE,DEPT PHYS,SHERBROOKE,PQ J1K 2R1,CANADA. USA,PULSE RADIAT FACIL,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005. RP Khanna, SM (reprint author), DEF RES ESTAB,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0Z4,CANADA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2601 EP 2608 DI 10.1109/23.556842 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA WC903 UT WOS:A1996WC90300014 ER PT J AU Judy, DC Blackburn, J Merkel, G Fleetwood, RM Weidenheimer, DM Jenkins, B Gorbics, SG Pereira, NR AF Judy, DC Blackburn, J Merkel, G Fleetwood, RM Weidenheimer, DM Jenkins, B Gorbics, SG Pereira, NR TI Measurement of fluence and flux of proton beams using differentially filtered diamond detectors and radiachromic film SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 15-19, 1996 CL RENAISSANCE ESMERALD CONFERENCE RESORT, INDIAN WELLS, CA SP IEEE NPSS, Def Nucl Agcy, Sandia Natl Labs, Phillips Labs, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Lab, Jet Prop Lab HO RENAISSANCE ESMERALD CONFERENCE RESORT ID BREMSSTRAHLUNG; DIODE AB Differentially filtered, photoconductive, neutron-irradiated diamond detectors have been employed to investigate the temporal and energy distribution of an intense pulsed proton beam. Results were compared against measurements obtained using differentially filtered radiachromic film, electromagnetic (EM) techniques, time-of-flight techniques, and calorimetric instruments. C1 BERKELEY RES ASSOCIATES INC,SPRINGFIELD,VA 22150. RP Judy, DC (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,2800 POWDER MILL RD,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2701 EP 2708 DI 10.1109/23.556856 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA WC903 UT WOS:A1996WC90300028 ER PT J AU Lelis, AJ Murrill, SR Oldham, TR Robertson, DN Manning, M AF Lelis, AJ Murrill, SR Oldham, TR Robertson, DN Manning, M TI Radiation response of advanced commercial SRAMs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 15-19, 1996 CL RENAISSANCE ESMERALD CONFERENCE RESORT, INDIAN WELLS, CA SP IEEE NPSS, Def Nucl Agcy, Sandia Natl Labs, Phillips Labs, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Lab, Jet Prop Lab HO RENAISSANCE ESMERALD CONFERENCE RESORT ID SINGLE HARD ERRORS; CMOS SRAM; ION AB Total-dose tests have been performed on an advanced commercial 4-Mb static RAM (SRAM) that uses thin film p-channel transistors in a six-transistor (6-T) cell design in 0.35-mu m technology. These results are compared with other results obtained on similar test structures and also with other results on commercial SRAMs using the more typical four-transistor, two-resistor (4-T) design. C1 MICRON TECHNOL INC,BOISE,ID 83706. RP Lelis, AJ (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,2800 POWDER MILL RD,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 43 IS 6 BP 3103 EP 3108 DI 10.1109/23.556911 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA WC903 UT WOS:A1996WC90300083 ER PT J AU AbouAuf, AA AF AbouAuf, AA TI Gate-level modeling of leakage current failure induced by total dose for the generation of worst-case test vectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 15-19, 1996 CL RENAISSANCE ESMERALD CONFERENCE RESORT, INDIAN WELLS, CA SP IEEE NPSS, Def Nucl Agcy, Sandia Natl Labs, Phillips Labs, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Lab, Jet Prop Lab HO RENAISSANCE ESMERALD CONFERENCE RESORT AB A novel gate-level model has been developed for the automatic generation of worst-case test vectors for leakage current failure induced in CMOS devices by total dose. RP AbouAuf, AA (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,2800 POWDER MILL RD,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 43 IS 6 BP 3189 EP 3196 DI 10.1109/23.556924 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA WC903 UT WOS:A1996WC90300096 ER PT J AU vandeVerg, LL Hartman, AB Bhattacharjee, AK Tall, BD Yuan, L Sasala, K Hadfield, TL Zollinger, WD Hoover, DL Warren, RL AF vandeVerg, LL Hartman, AB Bhattacharjee, AK Tall, BD Yuan, L Sasala, K Hadfield, TL Zollinger, WD Hoover, DL Warren, RL TI Outer membrane protein of Neisseria meningitidis as a mucosal adjuvant for lipopolysaccharide of Brucella melitensis in mouse and guinea pig intranasal immunization models SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ABORTUS INFECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; MICE; PROTECTION; VACCINE; COMPLEX; IMMUNOGENICITY; ANTIBODY; POLYSACCHARIDE; LYMPHOCYTES AB A mucosal vaccine against brucellosis consisting of the Iipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Brucella melitensis complexed with the outer membrane protein (GBOMP) of group B Neisseria meningitidis was tested in small-animal models of intranasal immunization, Mice given two doses of the vaccine developed high levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibodies specific for B. melitensis LPS in lung lavages and specific IgG and IgA antibody-secreting cells in the lungs and spleen, Similarly, in guinea pigs immunized twice intranasally, IgG and IgA LPS-specific antibodies were detected in lung lavages, and specific antibody-secreting cells were isolated from the spleen and cervical nodes, In mice immunized with LPS only, pulmonary responses consisted mostly of IgM antibodies, while guinea pigs given LPS alone developed local antibody of all three isotypes, but at lower levels compared to animals given the complex vaccine, Both mice and guinea pigs also developed high levels of serum IgG and moderate levels of IgA as a result of intranasal immunization with the complex vaccine, The serum antibodies in both cases were found to cross-react with the LPS of B. abortus, which shares an immunogenic epitope with B. melitensis LPS. In mice given the complex vaccine, there was a prominent serum IgG1 response that was absent in the mice given LPS alone, In conclusion, the N. meningitidis GBOMP was an effective mucosal adjuvant for secretory IgA and IgG responses in the lungs of both mice and guinea pigs, The IgG1 subclass response in mice suggests that GBOMP may have favored a Th-5 type of response to the LPS. A vaccine capable of stimulating high levels of antibody at local sites has the potential to protect against brucellae, since these pathogens gain entry to the host via mucosal routes. C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT ENTER INFECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,DEPT INFECT & PARASIT DIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. RP vandeVerg, LL (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT BACTERIAL DIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. OI Tall, Ben/0000-0003-0399-3629 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 64 IS 12 BP 5263 EP 5268 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA VU635 UT WOS:A1996VU63500054 PM 8945575 ER PT J AU Kolb, RA Stekler, HO AF Kolb, RA Stekler, HO TI Is there a consensus among financial forecasters? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE financial forecasting; interest rate forecasting; consensus; distribution of forecasts ID AGREEMENT AB This paper examines the interest rate forecasts of a cross-section of financial forecasters to determine whether these analysts make predictions which have the characteristics of a consensus. The forecasts are published semi-annually in The Wall Street Journal. The techniques for determining whether a consensus exists are developed and are applied to the predictions of the interest rates of the 90-day T-bill and the 30-year Treasury bond. The methodology provides bounds on the number of distributions which may be classified as consensus and the results indicate that central moments should not be used as consensus predictions. C1 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT ECON,WASHINGTON,DC 20052. US MIL ACAD,DEPT MATH,W POINT,NY 10996. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2070 J9 INT J FORECASTING JI Int. J. Forecast. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 12 IS 4 BP 455 EP 464 DI 10.1016/S0169-2070(96)00675-9 PG 10 WC Economics; Management SC Business & Economics GA WA883 UT WOS:A1996WA88300002 ER PT J AU Rabin, J AF Rabin, J TI Cone-specific measures of human color vision SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE color vision; cone contrast; cones; contrast sensitivity ID SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY; GLAUCOMA AB Purpose. To describe a new test of color vision (cone-specific contrast sensitivity) and to evaluate its sensitivity in comparison to standard clinical tests. Methods. Cone-specific colored letter charts were generated by computer and displayed on a color monitor. Each chart consists of colored letters that are most visible at the top but that gradually fade into a gray background. Cone contrast varies systematically on each chart so that letters are visible to only one cone type (L, M, or S cone). Cone-specific letter contrast sensitivity was measured in 30 color normals and 13 subjects with hereditary color deficiency. Values were compared to standard measures of color vision. Results. In color normals, mean log contrast sensitivity was approximately the same on L-cone (1.84 +/- 0.08 log contrast sensitivity) and M-cone (1.87 +/- 0.08) tests but tvas reduced on the Scene test (0.89 +/- 0.15) because of the fewer number of S cones in the human retina. Subjects with red color deficiency showed significantly reduced contrast sensitivity on the L-cone test but normal performance on M- and Scene tests. Subjects with green color deficiency showed decreased contrast sensitivity limited to the M-cone test When standardized relative to variability, cone contrast sensitivity identified color deficiency unequivocally in all subjects, whereas FM 100 hue error scores detected 9 of 13 subjects with color deficiency. Conclusions. Cone-specific contrast sensitivity provides a quantitative measure of normal color vision and indicates both type and severity of color deficiency. It is useful for diagnosing hereditary color deficiency and for monitoring early color vision loss in ocular and systemic disease. RP Rabin, J (reprint author), USA,AEROMED RES LAB,AIRCREW HLTH & PERFORMANCE DIV,VISUAL SCI BRANCH,FT RUCKER,AL 36362, USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 37 IS 13 BP 2771 EP 2774 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA VZ427 UT WOS:A1996VZ42700031 PM 8977494 ER PT J AU Gaywee, J Artenstein, AW VanCott, TC Trichavaroj, R Sukchamnong, A Amlee, P deSouza, M McCutchan, FE Carr, JK Markowitz, LE Michael, R Nittayaphan, S AF Gaywee, J Artenstein, AW VanCott, TC Trichavaroj, R Sukchamnong, A Amlee, P deSouza, M McCutchan, FE Carr, JK Markowitz, LE Michael, R Nittayaphan, S TI Correlation of genetic and serologic approaches to HIV-1 subtyping in Thailand SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV-I subtyping; serotyping; PCR typing ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HETERODUPLEX MOBILITY ASSAY; INJECTING DRUG-USERS; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; ENVELOPE SUBTYPES; TYPE-1 STRAINS; NEUTRALIZATION; INFECTION; BANGKOK AB The aim of this study was to compare the performance of differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR) typing and peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (V3-EIA) for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtyping in Thailand using heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) as the reference standard. Paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and sera were collected from 38 HIV-1 seropositive persons in Thailand. HMA was done by standard methods; differential PCR employs primer pairs that differentially amplify either subtype E or B. V3-EIA used peptides specific for subtypes E or B. Thirty-two eases (84%) were found by HMA to be infected with subtype E and six with (16%) subtype B. The results obtained with differential PCR were 100% concordant with those of HMA; V3 EIA correctly predicted the subtype in 95% (36 of 38). Six samples that molecularly subtyped as E. were repeatedly dual reactive by screening V3-EIA, but these resolved to subtype E using an antigen-limiting EIA, Two samples were serologically nontypeable because of overall low levels of V3 antibody. Using HMA as the standard, differential PCR was shown to subtype HIV-1 reliably from patient PBMC samples. V3-EIA correctly predicted HIV-1 subtype in most (95%) of our cases. Because of the less rigorous sampling requirements, specimen processing, and logistical and technical requirements of serotyping compared with molecular techniques, it appears to be practical for screening purposes in a field environment. Samples that cannot be definitively subtyped serologically should undergo differential PCR and antigen-limiting V3 ELA. These approaches to HIV-1 subtyping should be used in complementary fashion in Thailand, where subtypes B and E are currently known to cocirculate. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR, WALTER REED ARMY INST RES, WASHINGTON, DC 20307 USA. ROYAL THAI ARMY, BANGKOK, THAILAND. US COMPONENT THAI ARMY, ARMED FORCES RES INST MED SCI, BANGKOK, THAILAND. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, BALTIMORE, MD USA. HENRY M JACKSON FDN, ROCKVILLE, MD USA. NR 22 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD DEC 1 PY 1996 VL 13 IS 4 BP 392 EP 396 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA VV504 UT WOS:A1996VV50400014 PM 8948379 ER PT J AU Liossis, SNC Kovacs, B Dennis, G Kammer, GM Tsokos, GC AF Liossis, SNC Kovacs, B Dennis, G Kammer, GM Tsokos, GC TI Cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus display abnormal antigen receptor-mediated early signal transduction events SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE lymphocyte signaling; calcium responses; tyrosine phosphorylation; inositol phosphate metabolites; human autoimmunity ID PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE; T-CELLS; LYMPHOCYTES-B; MEMBRANE IMMUNOGLOBULIN; PHOSPHOLIPASE-C; CALCIUM INFLUX; CROSS-LINKING; PHOSPHORYLATION; ACTIVATION; MICE AB To understand the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the B cell overactivity that is observed in patients with SLE, we have conducted experiments in which the surface immunoglobulin (sIg)-mediated early cell signaling events were studied. The anti-sIgM-mediated free intracytoplasmic calcium ([Ca2+](i)) responses were significantly higher in SLE B cells compared with responses of normal individuals and to those of patients with other systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. The anti-IgD mAb induced [Ca2+](i) responses were also higher in lupus B cells than in controls. The magnitude of anti-sIgM-mediated Ca2+ release from intracellular stores was also increased in B cells from SLE patients compared with normal controls. The amount of inositol phosphate metabolites produced upon crosslinking of sIgM was slightly higher in patients with lupus than in normal controls, although the difference was not statistically significant. In contrast, the degree of anti-sIgM-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation was obviously increased in lupus patients. Our study demonstrates clearly for the first time that SLE B cells exhibit aberrant early signal transduction events, including augmented calcium responses after crosslinking of the B cell receptor and increased antigen-receptor-mediated phosphorylation of protein tyrosine residues. Because the above abnormalities did not correlate with disease activity or treatment status, we propose that they may have pathogenic significance. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,RES INST,DEPT CLIN PHYSIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WAKE FOREST UNIV,BOWMAN GRAY SCH MED,DEPT MED,WINSTON SALEM,NC 27157. NR 83 TC 148 Z9 154 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 222 E 70TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD DEC 1 PY 1996 VL 98 IS 11 BP 2549 EP 2557 DI 10.1172/JCI119073 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA VX291 UT WOS:A1996VX29100017 PM 8958217 ER PT J AU Biswas, R Nelson, EAS Lewindon, PJ Lyon, DJ Sullivan, PB Echeverria, P AF Biswas, R Nelson, EAS Lewindon, PJ Lyon, DJ Sullivan, PB Echeverria, P TI Molecular epidemiology of Escherichia coli diarrhea in children in hong kong SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE AB This pediatric hospital-based study of 388 diarrhea cases and 306 controls analyzed predominant E. coli colonies from primary culture (253 cases and 177 controls) with eight DNA probes for enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, enteroaggregative, and diffusely adherent E. coli. Only enteropathogenic E. coli adherence factor was identified significantly more frequently in cases (10) than in controls (0). C1 CHINESE UNIV HONG KONG,DEPT PAEDIAT,SHATIN,HONG KONG. PRINCE WALES HOSP,DEPT MICROBIOL,SHATIN,HONG KONG. ARMED FORCES RES INST MED SCI,BANGKOK 10400,THAILAND. RI Lewindon, Peter/E-9196-2014 OI Lewindon, Peter/0000-0002-9502-3090 NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 34 IS 12 BP 3233 EP 3234 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VV005 UT WOS:A1996VV00500068 PM 8940481 ER PT J AU White, KD AF White, KD TI Predicting breakup ice jams using logistic regression SO JOURNAL OF COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Breakup ice jams form suddenly and with little warning. The lack of forewarning hinders emergency response and ice jam mitigation efforts. Present knowledge of breakup jam processes does not allow for the development of a deterministic ice jam prediction model. Probabilistically based prediction models include Linear regression, discriminant function analysis, and empirical cluster-type analyses. In this paper, the use of logistic regression to predict breakup, ice jam occurrence is presented, with an example application for the Platte River at North Bend, Nebraska. RP White, KD (reprint author), USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,72 LYME RD,HANOVER,NH 03755, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0887-381X J9 J COLD REG ENG JI J. Cold Reg. Eng. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 10 IS 4 BP 178 EP 189 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(1996)10:4(178) PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA VU815 UT WOS:A1996VU81500002 ER PT J AU Blair, JRS Lloyd, EL AF Blair, JRS Lloyd, EL TI River routing with a generalized model SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER AND SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 ACM Symposium on Parallel Algorithms and Architectures CY JUN 27-29, 1994 CL CAPE MAY, NJ SP Assoc Comp Machinery AB Traditional restrictions on river routing confine the connecting wires to the channel between the terminal rows. In (J. Comput. System Sci. 28 (1984), 420-438) these restrictions were somewhat relaxed, thereby permitting a limited type of routing outside of the channel. Here, the constraints are further relaxed to allow for a new class of ''generalized'' river routings. We show that this new class of generalized river routings contains routings that are significantly more compact than those previously considered. in addition, we give a fast polynomial time algorithm for producing optimal routings in this new class. The run time of our algorithm is the best possible and is identical to the time required to produce optimal river routings under the traditional model. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT COMP & INFORMAT SCI,NEWARK,DE 19716. RP Blair, JRS (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-0000 J9 J COMPUT SYST SCI JI J. Comput. Syst. Sci. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 53 IS 3 BP 525 EP 544 DI 10.1006/jcss.1996.0085 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA WB609 UT WOS:A1996WB60900015 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, EB Colwell, GT AF Zimmerman, EB Colwell, GT TI Transient modeling of the thermal behavior of outdoor electronic cabinets SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC PACKAGING LA English DT Article AB This paper presents an investigation into the various factors which influence the peak average inside air temperature of outdoor telephone switching cabinets. The primary goal is to determine which factors are important and to develop a correlation which will predict peak average air temperatures inside the cabinet under a variety of situations. A network of lumped thermal capacitances and resistances is used to model the transient thermal behavior of the electronics enclosure. Energy balances far each element am developed creating a system of ordinary differential equations which are solved using a fourth order Runge-Kutta method. The numerical model is verified by comparison to Experimental data. A search of parameters which affect the thermal behavior of telephone switching cabinets is conducted. A sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the important terms. parametric studies are conducted to develop a correlation which relates the internal cabinet air temperature to the important dimensionless parameters. C1 GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH MECH ENGN,ATLANTA,GA 30332. RP Zimmerman, EB (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,DEPT CIVIL ENGN & MECH,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1043-7398 J9 J ELECTRON PACKAGING JI J. Electron. Packag. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 118 IS 4 BP 258 EP 263 DI 10.1115/1.2792161 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA WA956 UT WOS:A1996WA95600010 ER PT J AU Aiken, AC Ott, D Kikovic, N Fanton, C AF Aiken, AC Ott, D Kikovic, N Fanton, C TI Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia - An environmental health perspective SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB The 1995 Dayton Peach Agreement approved deployment of 60,000 Implementation Forces soldiers to provide peach enforcement in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. Implementation Forces are considered vital to the success of the Dayton Peace Agreement. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) initiated a multi-national military peace-enforcement exercise called Operation Joint Endeavor. Commander for Support, located in Zagreb, Croatia, was specifically created for Operation Joint Endeavor to provide logistical support for Implementation Forces. The Medical Coordination Center, comprised of health professionals from 11 different nations, is responsible for implementing all provisions of medical support to Implementation Forces personnel. RP Aiken, AC (reprint author), USA,MED VET MED SERV,MED COORDINAT CTR,4901 MONTVIEW BLVD,DENVER,CO 80207, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80222 SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD DEC PY 1996 VL 59 IS 5 BP 6 EP 11 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VV384 UT WOS:A1996VV38400002 ER PT J AU Butcher, JD Zukowski, CW Brannen, SJ Fieseler, C OConnor, FG Farrish, S Lillegard, WA AF Butcher, JD Zukowski, CW Brannen, SJ Fieseler, C OConnor, FG Farrish, S Lillegard, WA TI Patient profile, referral sources, and consultant utilization in a primary care sports medicine clinic SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE sports medicine; primary health care; referral and consultation; repetition strain injury; sprains and strains AB BACKGROUND. Sports medicine has matured as a focused discipline within primary care with the number of primary care sports medicine physicians growing annually. The practices of these physicians range from ''part-time'' sports medicine as a part of a broader practice in their primary specialty, to functioning as a full-time team physician for a university or college. Managed care organizations are increasingly incorporating primary care sports medicine providers into their organizations. The optimal role of these providers in a managed care system has not been described. METHODS. A descriptive analysis was made of patient contacts in a referral-based, free-standing primary care sports medicine clinic associated with a large managed care system. This study describes patient information including demographic data, referral source, primary diagnosis, specialized diagnostic testing, and subsequent specialty consultation. RESULTS. A total of 1857 patient contacts were analyzed. New patients were referred from a full range of physicians both primary care (family practice, internal medicine, pediatrics, and emergency physicians) and other specialists, with family practice clinic providers (physicians, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners) accounting for the largest percentage of new referrals. The majority of patient visits were for orthopedic injuries (95.4%); the most frequently involved injury sites were: knee (26.5%), shoulder (18.2%), back (14.3%), and ankle (10%). The most common types of injury were: tendinitis (21.3%), chronic anterior knee pain (10.6%), and ligament sprains (9.9%). Specialized testing was requested for 8% of all patients. The majority of patients were treated at the Ft Belvoir Sports Medicine Clinic by primary care sports medicine physicians without further specialty referral, CONCLUSIONS. Primary care sports medicine physicians offer an intermediate level of care for patients while maintaining a practice in their primary care specialty. This dual practice is ideal in the managed care setting. This study demonstrates the complementary nature of primary care sports medicine and orthopedics, with the primary care sports medicine physician reducing the demand on orthopedists for nonsurgical treatment, This study also demonstrates the need for revision in the orthopedic curriculum for primary care physicians. C1 DWIGHT D EISENHOWER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT FAMILY PRACTICE,FT GORDON,GA 30905. USN ACAD,DEPT ORTHOPED,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,BETHESDA,MD 20814. FT BELVOIR SPORTS MED CLIN,FT BELVOIR,VA. DULUTH CTR SPORTS MED,DULUTH,MN. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU APPLETON & LANGE PI E NORWALK PA 25 VAN ZANT ST, E NORWALK, CT 06855 SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 43 IS 6 BP 556 EP 560 PG 5 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VY414 UT WOS:A1996VY41400017 PM 8969703 ER PT J AU Sharp, JJ Parchure, TM Guo, ZR AF Sharp, JJ Parchure, TM Guo, ZR TI Selective withdrawal through an intake fitted with a collar SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID FLOW AB Experiments are described for vertical intakes projecting above the bed and fitted with a horizontal cap and vertical collar. These show that the internal geometry of the intake has no effect on drawdown of a surface layer over the range of variables studied. Equations are presented for predictive purposes and the effect of the collar is determined by comparison with other raised intakes. This shows that intakes fitted with a collar have significant advantages for shallow water operation. C1 USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,ESTUARIES DIV,VICKSBURG,MS 39180. S CHINA INST ENVIR SCI,NEPA,GUANGZHOU 510655,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP Sharp, JJ (reprint author), MEM UNIV NEWFOUNDLAND,FAC ENGN & APPL SCI,ST JOHNS,NF A1B 3X5,CANADA. OI Guo, Zhenren/0000-0002-8720-9442 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 1996 VL 122 IS 12 BP 683 EP 686 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1996)122:12(683) PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA VU596 UT WOS:A1996VU59600002 ER PT J AU Putnak, R Barvir, DA Burrous, JM Dubois, DR DAndrea, VM Hoke, CH Sadoff, JC Eckels, KH AF Putnak, R Barvir, DA Burrous, JM Dubois, DR DAndrea, VM Hoke, CH Sadoff, JC Eckels, KH TI Development of a purified, inactivated, dengue-2 virus vaccine prototype in vero cells: Immunogenicity and protection in mice and rhesus monkeys SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; PRIMARY KIDNEY-CELLS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS; VIRAL-PROTEINS; SERIAL PASSAGE; LUNG-CELLS; CANDIDATE; IMMUNIZATION AB The feasibility of a purified, inactivated dengue (DEN) vaccine made in Vero cells was explored, A DEN-2 virus candidate was chosen for production of a monotypic, purified, inactivated vaccine (PIV), Virus was harvested from roller bottle culture supernatants, concentrated, and purified on sucrose gradients. The purified virus was inactivated with 0.05% formalin at 22 degrees C. After inactivation, the virus retained its antigenicity and was immunogenic in mice and rhesus monkeys, in which it elicited high titers of DEN-2 virus-neutralizing antibody. Mice were completely protected against challenge with live, virulent virus after receiving two 0.15-mu g doses of PIV. Monkeys vaccinated with three doses ranging as low as 0.25 mu g demonstrated complete absence or a significant reduction in the number of days of viremia after challenge with homologous virus. These results warrant further testing and development of PIVs for other DEN virus serotypes. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT BIOL RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. US FDA,DIV CLIN LAB DEVICES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. MERCK RES LABS,BLUE BELL,PA. NR 49 TC 97 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 174 IS 6 BP 1176 EP 1184 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VV272 UT WOS:A1996VV27200005 PM 8940206 ER PT J AU Sei, S Stewart, SK Farley, M Mueller, BU Lane, JR Robb, ML Brouwers, P Pizzo, PA AF Sei, S Stewart, SK Farley, M Mueller, BU Lane, JR Robb, ML Brouwers, P Pizzo, PA TI Evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 RNA levels in cerebrospinal fluid and viral resistance to zidovudine in children with HIV encephalopathy SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; AIDS DEMENTIA COMPLEX; PLATELET-ACTIVATING-FACTOR; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE; CONTINUOUS-INFUSION; QUINOLINIC ACID; NITRIC-OXIDE; INFECTION AB The amount of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 RNA and the presence of a codon 215 mutation indicative of zidovudine resistance were evaluated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma obtained from HIV-1-infected children, The level of HIV-1 RNA in CSF was highest in children with severe encephalopathy (n = 25; median, 430 copies/mL; range, 0-2.2 x 10(5) copies/mL) followed by the moderately encephalopathic (n = 7; median, 330; range, 0-1130) and nonencephalopathic groups (n = 9; median, 0; range, 0-566) (P = .007), There was no correlation between CSF and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels. Five of 7 children with the codon 215 mutation in CSF had a progression of encephalopathy, while all 8 children with wild type codon 215 had improved or stable disease during zidovudine treatment (P = .007), These findings suggest that increased viral replication and emergence of drug-resistant HIV-1 variants within the central nervous system may play a role in progression of HIV encephalopathy. C1 SRA TECHNOL INC,ROCKVILLE,MD. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT RETROVIRAL RES,ROCKVILLE,MD. RP Sei, S (reprint author), NCI,PEDIAT BRANCH,DIV CLIN SCI,NIH,BLDG 10,ROOM 13N240,10 CTR DR MSC1928,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 44 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 174 IS 6 BP 1200 EP 1206 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VV272 UT WOS:A1996VV27200008 PM 8940209 ER PT J AU Wang, XD Kiang, JG Atwa, MA Smallridge, RC AF Wang, XD Kiang, JG Atwa, MA Smallridge, RC TI Evidence for the involvement of protein kinase C isoforms in alpha-1 adrenergic activation of phospholipase A(2) in FRTL-5 thyroid cells SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 75th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine-Society CY JUN 08-12, 1993 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Endocrine Soc DE norepinephrine; arachidonic acid; adrenergic receptor; calcium; protein kinase C; phospholipase A(2); phospholipase C ID ARACHIDONIC-ACID RELEASE; CANINE KIDNEY-CELLS; GLOMERULAR MESANGIAL CELLS; IODIDE EFFLUX; ALPHA-1-ADRENERGIC STIMULATION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RECEPTOR; THYROTROPIN; NOREPINEPHRINE; CALCIUM AB Background: FRTL-5 thyroid cells are a fell line extensively used for the investigation of thyroid functions. Activation of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors stimulates both arachidonic acid (AA) release and cytosolic Ca2+ increase in this cell line. Cytosolic Ca2+ and arachidonic acid are known to be important second messengers regulating a variety of thyroid functions. The generation of these messengers is regulated primarily by two different types of phospholipases, phospholipase C (PLC) and phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)). Methods: Norepinephrine (NE, 10 mu moL) was used as an alpha-1 adrenergic activator, and cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+](i))) was determined using the fluorescent dye indo-1. Arachidonic acid release was measured as an indicator of PLA(2) activation, and protein kinase C (PKC) activity determination and isoforms identification were performed using commercial kits. Results: Norepinephrine increased [Ca2+](i) and AA release. Prevention of NE-induced cytosolic Ca2+ influx, either by removal of extracellular Ca2+ or by use of Ca2+ channel blockers, NiCl2 or CoCl2, inhibited AA generation entirely. Inhibition of NE-induced increase in [Ca2+](i) by the Ca2+ chelator, 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA), also significantly suppressed NE-induced AA release. Inhibition of PKC activity by PKC inhibitors (H-7 or staurosporine) or downregulation induced by prolonged treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or thyleametoxin (TX) significantly blocked the NE-induced AA release, which indicates PKC is involved in mediating NE-induced AA release. Protein kinase C activity measurement indicated that NE induced an activation of PKC in 5 minutes. To further characterize the role of PKC or Ca2+ in regulation of AA release, we identified PKC isoforms by immunoblotting with specific antibodies against 8 different Protein kinase C isoforms. PKC-alpha, -beta I, -beta II, -gamma, delta, -epsilon, -zeta, and - isoforms were identified. Norepinephrine induced translocation of PKC-alpha, -beta I, -beta II, -gamma, -delta, and -epsilon isoforms but not -zeta and -eta from cytosol to membrane. Chelation of intracellular Ca2+, prevention of Ca2+ influx, or prolonged treatment with thymeleatoxin (TX) completely blocked the NE-induced translocation of PKC-alpha. Conclusions: These results, taken together with data obtained from AA experiments, suggest that PKC plays a critical role in alpha-1 adrenergic receptor mediated PLA(2) activation and subsequent AA release. Extracellular Ca2+ influx is a prerequisite for both PKC-alpha translocation and AA release, Whether Ca2+ acts directly upon the PLA(2), or via PKC-alpha, to regulate AA generation is an intriguing question that remains to be clarified. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT CLIN PHYSIOL,DIV MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. MAYO CLIN,DIV ENDOCRINOL,JACKSONVILLE,FL 32224. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 44 IS 9 BP 566 EP 574 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA WC024 UT WOS:A1996WC02400009 PM 9035611 ER PT J AU Muldoon, SM Ledvina, MA Hart, JL Macdonald, VW AF Muldoon, SM Ledvina, MA Hart, JL Macdonald, VW TI Hemoglobin-induced contraction of pig pulmonary veins SO JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CYCLIC-NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE; ARTERIAL SMOOTH-MUSCLE; GLYCERYL TRINITRATE; METHYLENE-BLUE; NITRIC-OXIDE; RELAXATION; ACETYLCHOLINE; INHIBITORS; AORTA AB The effects of hemoglobin A(o) (HbA(o)), alpha alpha cross-linked hemoglobin (alpha alpha Hb), cyanomet alpha alpha cross-linked hemoglobin (cyanomet alpha alpha Hb), and human serum albumin (HSA) were compared under basal conditions and during relaxation with acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and papaverine (PAP) in porcine pulmonary veins. Isometric tension changes were recorded in isolated rings (3 to 4 mm) that were suspended in Krebs solution bubbled with 95% O-2/5% CO2. Increasing concentrations of HbA(o) and alpha alpha Hb (10(-9) - 3 x 10(-6) mol/L) caused concentration-dependent increases in tension that reached a maximum of 4.20 +/- 0.3 gm and 3.78 +/- 0.6 gm, respectively. Cyanometor alpha alpha Hb and HSA (10(-9) - 3 x 10(-6) mol/L) did not cause significant increases in tension. The maximum responses to HbA(o) and alpha alpha Hb were significantly increased during relaxation with ACh and SNP but not with PAP, in contrast, SNP (10(-4) mol/L) and PAP (10(-5) mol/L), but not ACh, reversed contractions induced by HbA(o) and alpha alpha Hb. These studies support the concept that hemoglobin-induced vascular contraction is primarily mediated by inactivation of the vasodilator nitric oxide in vitro. We suggest that this mechanism is common to acellular hemoglobins in which the ligand binding site is unimpaired and in which the heme iron is in the ferrous ((+)2) state. C1 GEORGE MASON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,BLOOD RES DETACHMENT,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Muldoon, SM (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,4301 JONES BRIDGE RD,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. NR 13 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0022-2143 J9 J LAB CLIN MED JI J. Lab. Clin. Med. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 128 IS 6 BP 579 EP 584 DI 10.1016/S0022-2143(96)90130-4 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Medical Laboratory Technology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA VX981 UT WOS:A1996VX98100009 PM 8960641 ER PT J AU Handschuh, RF Kicher, TP AF Handschuh, RF Kicher, TP TI A method for thermal analysis of spiral bevel gears SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL DESIGN LA English DT Article AB A modelling method for analyzing the three-dimensional thermal behavior of spiral bevel gears has been developed. The model surfaces are generated through application of differential geometry to the manufacturing process for face-milled spiral bevel gears. Contact on the gear surface is found by combining tooth contact analysis with three-dimensional Hertzian theory. The tooth contact analysis provides the principle curvatures and orientations of the two surfaces. This information is then used directly in the Hertzian analysis to find the contact size and maximum pressure. Heat generation during meshing is determined as a function of the applied load, sliding velocity, and coefficient of friction. Each of these factors change as the point of contact changes during meshing. A nonlinear finite element program was used to conduct the heat transfer analysis. This program permitted the time- and position-varying boundary conditions, found in operation, to be applied to a one-tooth model. An example model and analytical results are presented. RP Handschuh, RF (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,VEHICLE PROPULS DIRECTORATE,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135, USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1050-0472 J9 J MECH DESIGN JI J. Mech. Des. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 118 IS 4 BP 580 EP 585 DI 10.1115/1.2826932 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA WA870 UT WOS:A1996WA87000022 ER PT J AU Mapou, RL Law, WA Wagner, K Malone, JL Skillman, DR AF Mapou, RL Law, WA Wagner, K Malone, JL Skillman, DR TI Neuropsychological effects of Interferon Alfa-n3 treatment in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected individuals SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC KAPOSIS SARCOMA; THERAPY; ALPHA; NEUROTOXICITY; ABNORMALITIES; INFECTION AB Eighteen asymptomatic HIV-1-infected (HIV+) individuals were evaluated neuropsychologically before and during Interferon Alfa-n3 treatment. All 18 were evaluated twice, and 9 were evaluated three times. Analyses revealed few significant effects of treatment on cognitive, motor, and affective function. Improvements occurred over visits on measures of attention and appeared to reflect practice effects. Decrements occurred over visits on measures of procedural and supraspan learning. Examination of the data suggested that decrements were due to procedural artifacts and were not medication effects. In contrast to prior studies reporting significant neuropsychiatric side effects of interferon alpha treatment, fete such effects occurred when HIV+ individuals were treated with Interferon Alfa-n3 and were evaluated neuropsychologically in a systematic manner. C1 MIL MED CONSORTIUM APPL RETROVIRAL RES, ROCKVILLE, MD 20850 USA. NATL NAVAL MED CTR, BETHESDA, MD 20889 USA. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR, WALTER REED ARMY INST RES, WASHINGTON, DC 20307 USA. RP Mapou, RL (reprint author), HENRY M JACKSON FDN ADV MIL MED, 1 TAFT COURT, SUITE 250, ROCKVILLE, MD 20850 USA. NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0895-0172 J9 J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N JI J. Neuropsychiatr. Clin. Neurosci. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1 BP 74 EP 81 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA TR911 UT WOS:A1996TR91100011 PM 8845705 ER PT J AU Richards, RL Alving, CR Wassef, NM AF Richards, RL Alving, CR Wassef, NM TI Liposomal subunit vaccines: Effects of lipid a and aluminum hydroxide on immunogenicity SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Formulations and Drug Delivery CY OCT 10-13, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA ID MALARIA SPOROZOITE ANTIGEN; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INDUCTION; CARRIERS; ADJUVANTS; IMMUNITY; PEPTIDES; ANTIBODY AB Protein and peptide antigens frequently are only slightly immunogenic when utilized alone in vaccines. Formulation of these antigens in a carrier vehicle, particularly when an adjuvant is included, often results in markedly enhanced immune responses. Encapsulation of peptide and protein antigens in liposomes generally results in a relatively slight enhancement of antibody production compared with that observed with the antigen alone. However, when lipid A is included in the liposomes, immunogenicity is markedly increased compared both with antigen alone and with antigen encapsulated in liposomes lacking lipid A. The enhancement of the immune response caused by lipid A is dependent on the liposomal lipid A dose. Aluminum salts, such as aluminum hydroxide and aluminum phosphate, act as adjuvants for some antigens and are used in a variety of human vaccines. When liposomes containing encapsulated protein or peptide antigens were adsorbed with aluminum hydroxide, an enhancement of the antibody response was observed with some antigens, whereas with other antigens the presence of aluminum hydroxide either had no effect or resulted in a diminished antibody response. Immunogenicity of protein and peptide antigens can be enhanced by formulation in liposomes containing lipid A and, depending on the antigen, can be enhanced further by adsorption of the liposomal antigen formulation with aluminum salts. RP Richards, RL (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT MEMBRANE BIOCHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHARMACEUTICAL ASSN PI WASHINGTON PA 2215 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 SN 0022-3549 J9 J PHARM SCI JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 85 IS 12 BP 1286 EP 1289 DI 10.1021/js9601593 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA VW460 UT WOS:A1996VW46000006 PM 8961140 ER PT J AU Nelson, LS AF Nelson, LS TI Growth regulation of Eurasian watermilfoil with flurprimidol SO JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE flurprimidol; Myriophyllum spicatum L; aquatic plant management; growth regulation ID KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS; INHIBITORS; BIOASSAY; HYDRILLA AB Studies were conducted in 55-liter aquariums under controlled environment conditions to evaluate growth regulator effects of flurprimidol [alpha-(1-methylethyl)-alpha-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-5-pyrimidine-methanol] on Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicattum L.). Treatments included flurprimidol concentrations ranging from 0 to 500 mu g L(-1), with exposure times varying from 0.25 to 28 days. Extending the flurprimidol contact time increased the growth inhibitory response. Flurprimidol-treated shoots were 14-64% shorter than untreated plants at 14 DAT (days after treatment). Growth inhibition persisted 56 DAT for plants exposed to 25 and 100 mu g L(-1) flurprimidol for 28 days or 200 mu g L(-1) flurprimidol for 10 days. Growth-inhibited plants accumulated starch in shoots and roots, whereas plants showing little or no growth suppression utilized available assimilate for growth. Treatments that most effectively suppressed shoot length accumulated up to 68% more total nonstructural carbohydrate compared with untreated plants. Shoot and root dry weight biomass were unaffected by flurprimidol. RP Nelson, LS (reprint author), USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,ENVIRONM LAB,3909 HALLS FERRY RD,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7595 J9 J PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI J. Plant Growth Regul. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 15 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1007/BF00213132 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UT018 UT WOS:A1996UT01800006 ER PT J AU Vinson, RP Chung, A Elston, DM Keller, RA AF Vinson, RP Chung, A Elston, DM Keller, RA TI Septic microemboli in a Janeway lesion of bacterial endocarditis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OSLERS NODES; INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS; DIAGNOSIS C1 BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,DERMATOL SERV,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234. BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,INTERNAL MED SERV,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 35 IS 6 BP 984 EP 985 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(96)90125-5 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA VY377 UT WOS:A1996VY37700016 PM 8959960 ER PT J AU Manguin, S Roberts, DR Peyton, EL Rejmankova, E Pecor, J AF Manguin, S Roberts, DR Peyton, EL Rejmankova, E Pecor, J TI Characterization of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis larval habitats SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL-AMERICA; SENSU-LATO; MEXICO; ALBIMANUS; MALARIA; CHIAPAS; VECTOR AB A survey of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis larval habitats was performed throughout most of its known geographic range. Eleven key environment variables characterized most larval habitats of this important Vector of malaria in the Americas. Larval habitats occurred mainly in valley and foothill areas which were often situated in arid regions. Immatures were found primarily during the dry season in sun-exposed freshwater stream pools with clear, shallow, stagnant water containing abundant filamentous green algae and/or aquatic vegetation. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PREVENT MED & BIOMETR,BETHESDA,MD 20814. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT ENTOMOL,WALTER REED BIOSYSTEMAT UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DIV ENVIRONM STUDIES,DAVIS,CA 95616. RI Manguin, Sylvie/G-1787-2015 OI Manguin, Sylvie/0000-0002-5925-7164 NR 28 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 12 IS 4 BP 619 EP 626 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WH630 UT WOS:A1996WH63000002 PM 9046466 ER PT J AU Baimai, V Kijchalao, U Rattanarithikul, R AF Baimai, V Kijchalao, U Rattanarithikul, R TI Metaphase karyotypes of Anopheles of Thailand and southeast Asia .6. The Pyretophorus and the Neomyzomyia series, subgenus Cellia (Diptera: Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB A total of 6 species of the Pyretophorus (4 species) and Neomyzomyia (2 species) series of the subgenus Cellia of Anopheles were used for metaphase karyotype analysis. Anopheles subpictus and An. vagus exhibit 4 and 2 forms of mitotic karyotypes, respectively, which are attributable to different types of Y chromosomes. Such distinctive mitotic chromosomes may reflect interspecies differences within each of these 2 tare. Two distinct species, An. indefinitus and An. sundaicus, show similar metaphase karyotypes, particularly with regard to the size and shape of the sex chromosomes. Likewise, An. tessellatus and An kochi, which are distinct species of the Neomyzomyia Series, also have metaphase karyotypes that resemble each other. They exhibit a typical feature of telocentric sex chromosomes resembling those of the An. dirus complex and the other species of the Leucosphyrus Group. Like the other cases of the Oriental Anopheles, heterochromatin has played a significant role in chromosome evolution of the 6 species. C1 USA,ARMED FORCES RES INST MED SCI,DEPT MED ENTOMOL,BANGKOK 10400,THAILAND. RP Baimai, V (reprint author), MAHIDOL UNIV,FAC SCI,DEPT BIOL,RAMA VI RD,BANGKOK 10400,THAILAND. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 12 IS 4 BP 669 EP 675 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WH630 UT WOS:A1996WH63000010 PM 9046474 ER PT J AU Ommaya, AK Salazar, AM Dannenberg, AL Ommaya, AK Chervinsky, AB Schwab, K AF Ommaya, AK Salazar, AM Dannenberg, AL Ommaya, AK Chervinsky, AB Schwab, K TI Outcome after traumatic brain injury in the US military medical system SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE head injury; outcome; behavior ID HEAD-INJURY; FOLLOW-UP; SEVERITY AB Personality and behavioral change after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are often the most significant concerns for the families of TBI patients, This report examines discharge from military service after TBI for medical and behavioral criteria, When compared with the total discharge population (n = 1,879,724), the relative risk for behavioral discharge was 1.8 times greater for those with mild TBI (n = 1,778), and no difference for those with moderate (n = 174) or severe TBI (n = 274). Discharge for alcoholism or drug use was 2.6 times for mild TBI, 5.4 times for moderate TBI, and no difference for severe TBI compared with the total discharge population, Discharge for criminal conviction was 2.7 times for those with mild head injury, and no difference for those with moderate or severe TBI when compared with the total discharge population. Discharge for medical disability ranged from 7.5 times to 40.4 times, and mortality ranged from 11.6 to 142.4 times the total discharge population. Total sick days defined as the time from admission to return to duty or separation from service increased with head injury severity. Mean Injury Severity Score for mild TBI was 5.5, and 20.9 for severe TBI. Patients who sustain TBI should be monitored after injury for development of behavioral problems, The most effective way to reduce the cost of TBI is primary prevention of these injuries and examining military practices to reduce exposure to risk of TBI. Secondary and tertiary prevention measures such as evaluation and rehabilitation, where indicated, should be undertaken on a routine basis after TBI. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,BETHESDA,MD 20814. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,CTR INJURY RES & POLICY,BALTIMORE,MD. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT NEUROSURG,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Ommaya, AK (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEF & VET HEAD INJURY PROGRAM,BLDG 1,RM B219A,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. FU AHRQ HHS [R03 HS08414-01] NR 17 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD DEC PY 1996 VL 41 IS 6 BP 972 EP 975 DI 10.1097/00005373-199612000-00005 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA VY407 UT WOS:A1996VY40700005 PM 8970548 ER PT J AU Fox, JT Huang, YC Barcia, PJ Beresky, RE Olsen, D AF Fox, JT Huang, YC Barcia, PJ Beresky, RE Olsen, D TI Blunt abdominal aortic transection in a child: Case report SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article ID TRAUMA; DISSECTION; THROMBOSIS; INJURIES C1 TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT SURG,HONOLULU,HI 96859. DEAN MED CTR,STOUGHTON,WI. SMITH CLIN,MARION,OH. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD DEC PY 1996 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1051 EP 1053 DI 10.1097/00005373-199612000-00020 PG 3 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA VY407 UT WOS:A1996VY40700022 PM 8970563 ER PT J AU Rutledge, LC Gupta, RK AF Rutledge, LC Gupta, RK TI Reanalysis of the C. G. Macnay mosquito repellent data SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mosquitoes; repellents; mosquito repellents ID DIPTERA; MODEL AB Data reported by C. G. MacNay on the protection periods of 38 repellents tested in the field against Aedes sticticus, Aedes stimulans, Aedes vexans, and Aedes trichuris in 1937 were reanalyzed by current methods. Protection periods decreased by 7.6 min. for each 1 degrees C increase in air temperature over the range 17-27 degrees C. Treatment means were adjusted to the 22.2 degrees C level to permit comparison of the treatments on an equal basis. Pyrethrum extract, pine tar oil distillate, thyme oil, thymol, and geraniol provided 3 or more hr. protection. Geranium oil, citronella oil, cedar oil, American pennyroyal oil, and camphor provided relatively short protection. Confidence limits and multiple comparison data are provided for the adjusted treatment means. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT ENTOMOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI SANTA ANA PA PO BOX 87, SANTA ANA, CA 92702 SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 21 IS 2 BP 132 EP 135 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WB042 UT WOS:A1996WB04200005 ER PT J AU Knapik, JJ Staab, JS Harman, EA AF Knapik, JJ Staab, JS Harman, EA TI Validity of an anthropometric estimate of thigh muscle cross-sectional area SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE magnetic resonance imaging; femur; bone; body fat ID BODY-COMPOSITION ANALYSIS; GENERALIZED EQUATIONS; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; STRENGTH; WOMEN; ARM; YOUNG; MASS; MEN AB This study examined the validity of an anthropometric estimate of thigh muscle cross-sectional area using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The anthropometric model assumed that a cross section of the thigh could be represented as a circle with concentric circular layers of fat-plus-skin, muscle, and bone tissue. On 18 healthy, active men and women (mean +/- SD age = 23 +/- 5 yr), total thigh circumference (C-T) was measured with a fiberglass tape, fat-plus-skin thickness was measured over the quadriceps (S-Q) using calipers, and the distance across the medial and lateral femoral epicondyle (d(E)) was measured with calipers. Direct measurements of each tissue were obtained by planimetry of an MRT image taken at the same site as the circumference and skinfolds. Thigh muscle cross-sectional area (A(M)) was estimated as follows: [GRAPHICS] Mean +/- SD A(M) from MRI and anthropometry were 121.9 +/- 35.1 cm(2) and 149.1 +/- 134.1 cm(2) (r = 0.96, SEE = 10.1 cm(2)), respectively. Errors in the anthropometric approximations of A(M) were due to an overestimate of the total thigh cross-sectional area and an underestimate of fat-plus-skin compartment. Because of the close relationship between MRT and anthropometric estimates of A(M), zero-intercept regression was used to produce the following final equation, applicable for use in populations studies of young, healthy, active men and women: [GRAPHICS] y and anaerobic work capacity (20% MAS + 100% VO2peak) results in less variance in time to exhaustion than a method which extrapolates the submaximal power output-VO2 relationship to a supramaximal intensity (120% VO2peak). C1 USA,ENVIRONM MED RES INST,DIV OCCUPAT MED,NATICK,MA 01760. USA,ENVIRONM MED RES INST,DIV OCCUPAT PHYSIOL,OCCUPAT HLTH & PERFORMANCE DIRECTORATE,NATICK,MA 01760. NR 30 TC 42 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 28 IS 12 BP 1523 EP 1530 DI 10.1097/00005768-199612000-00013 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA VY081 UT WOS:A1996VY08100013 PM 8970148 ER PT J AU Risch, SW AF Risch, SW TI The National Environmental Committee: A proposal to relieve regulatory gridlock at federal facility superfund sites SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Review ID ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; LENDER LIABILITY; CERCLA; LAW C1 USA,JUDGE ADVOCATE GEN CORPS,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. NR 232 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 151 BP 1 EP 112 PG 112 WC Law SC Government & Law GA VP071 UT WOS:A1996VP07100001 ER PT J AU Cook, HO AF Cook, HO TI Affirmative action: Should the Army mend it or end it? SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USA,JUDGE ADVOCATE GEN CORPS,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. NR 80 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 151 BP 113 EP 201 PG 89 WC Law SC Government & Law GA VP071 UT WOS:A1996VP07100002 ER PT J AU Nardotti, MJ AF Nardotti, MJ TI The Twenty-fifth Annual Kenneth J. Hodson Lecture: General Ken Hodson - A thoroughly remarkable man SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article RP Nardotti, MJ (reprint author), USA,JUDGE ADVOCATE GEN,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 151 BP 202 EP 215 PG 14 WC Law SC Government & Law GA VP071 UT WOS:A1996VP07100003 ER PT J AU Pede, C AF Pede, C TI The trail of the fox - Irving,D SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA,JUDGE ADVOCATE GEN SCH,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22901. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 151 BP 230 EP 235 PG 6 WC Law SC Government & Law GA VP071 UT WOS:A1996VP07100005 ER PT J AU Scott, J AF Scott, J TI Serving in silence - Cammermeyer,M, Fisher,C SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA,JUDGE ADVOCATE GEN CORPS,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. USA,JUDGE ADVOCATE GEN SCH,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22901. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 151 BP 236 EP 240 PG 5 WC Law SC Government & Law GA VP071 UT WOS:A1996VP07100006 ER PT J AU Elliott, HW AF Elliott, HW TI Ken Burns's the civil war - Toplin,RB SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA,JUDGE ADVOCATE GEN SCH,INT & OPERAT LAW DIV,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 151 BP 247 EP 251 PG 5 WC Law SC Government & Law GA VP071 UT WOS:A1996VP07100008 ER PT J AU Stahl, PM AF Stahl, PM TI How great generals win - Bevin,A SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA,JUDGE ADVOCATE GEN SCH,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22901. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 151 BP 252 EP 257 PG 6 WC Law SC Government & Law GA VP071 UT WOS:A1996VP07100009 ER PT J AU Newton, MA AF Newton, MA TI The ethics of war & peace: An introduction to legal and moral issues - Christopher,P SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA,JUDGE ADVOCATE GEN SCH,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22901. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 151 BP 258 EP 262 PG 5 WC Law SC Government & Law GA VP071 UT WOS:A1996VP07100010 ER PT J AU Hokenson, ME AF Hokenson, ME TI Operation iceberg - Astor,G SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA,JUDGE ADVOCATE GEN CORPS,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 151 BP 263 EP 268 PG 6 WC Law SC Government & Law GA VP071 UT WOS:A1996VP07100011 ER PT J AU Strunck, T AF Strunck, T TI We were soldier's once, and young: The battle of the Ia Drang Valley - Moore,HG, Galloway,JL SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA,JUDGE ADVOCATE GEN CORPS,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. USA,JUDGE ADVOCATE GEN SCH,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22901. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 151 BP 269 EP 271 PG 3 WC Law SC Government & Law GA VP071 UT WOS:A1996VP07100012 ER PT J AU Moneymaker, SA AF Moneymaker, SA TI Alexander of Macedon, 356-323 BC: A historical biography - Green,P SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA,JUDGE ADVOCATE GEN CORPS,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 151 BP 272 EP 275 PG 4 WC Law SC Government & Law GA VP071 UT WOS:A1996VP07100013 ER PT J AU Edwards, M AF Edwards, M TI Benchmarks: Great Constitutional controversies in the Supreme Court - Eastland,T SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA,JUDGE ADVOCATE GEN SCH,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22901. RP Edwards, M (reprint author), USN,JUDGE ADVOCATE GEN CORPS,WASHINGTON,DC 20350, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 151 BP 276 EP 281 PG 6 WC Law SC Government & Law GA VP071 UT WOS:A1996VP07100014 ER PT J AU Berrigan, MJ AF Berrigan, MJ TI The fall of Yugoslavia - Glenny,M SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA,JUDGE ADVOCATE GEN CORPS,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 151 BP 282 EP 286 PG 5 WC Law SC Government & Law GA VP071 UT WOS:A1996VP07100015 ER PT J AU OBrien, EJ AF OBrien, EJ TI To renew America - Gingrich,N SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA,JUDGE ADVOCATE GEN SCH,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22901. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 151 BP 287 EP 296 PG 10 WC Law SC Government & Law GA VP071 UT WOS:A1996VP07100016 ER PT J AU Zwaan, J Bybee, L Casey, P AF Zwaan, J Bybee, L Casey, P TI Eye injuries during training exercises with paint balls SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID WAR GAMES; PROTECTION AB The use of paint balls, increasingly popular for mar games and survival games, has recently been introduced for certain military training exercises. We treated two soldiers who had severe permanent ocular damage after being hit by these balls. Both removed their goggles after their vision was obscured with paint from a hit on these protective lenses. They mere then hit for a second time, resulting in the eye injury, Based on these cases and on a literature review, me conclude that protective eye gear should be mandatory when paint pellets are used. It is essential that service members participating in such exercises be instructed not to remove their protective goggles under any circumstances. C1 BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,OPHTHALMOL SERV,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 161 IS 12 BP 720 EP 722 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VY074 UT WOS:A1996VY07400003 PM 8990826 ER PT J AU Taylor, DC Erpelding, JM Whitman, CS Kragh, JF AF Taylor, DC Erpelding, JM Whitman, CS Kragh, JF TI Treatment of comminuted subtrochanteric femoral fractures in a young population with a reconstruction nail SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EXPERIENCE; FEMUR AB The authors report their experience using the Russell-Taylor reconstruction intramedullary interlocking nail in five comminuted subtrochanteric fractures in young paratroopers. The retrospective case series presented demonstrates the usefulness of this device for a challenging problem. Follow-up averaged 22 months and clinical results were good in that all soldiers could return to parachuting. The authors discuss surgical techniques and review the literature. The authors recommend consideration of the reconstruction nail use for this clinical problem. RP Taylor, DC (reprint author), WOMACK ARMY MED CTR,ORTOPED SERV,FT BRAGG,NC 28307, USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 161 IS 12 BP 735 EP 738 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VY074 UT WOS:A1996VY07400008 PM 8990831 ER PT J AU Chisick, MC Poindexter, FR York, AK AF Chisick, MC Poindexter, FR York, AK TI Factors influencing dental utilization by US Military recruits SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB This study identifies factors that influence dental utilization by U.S. military recruits prior to entering military service. Data mere collected between February and June 1994 at one recruit in-processing site per service using self-administered questionnaires. A prestratified, systematic, random sample of 2,711 Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine recruits was drawn. Women and minorities were oversampled. Using logistic regression to determine what factors contribute to the likelihood of recruits having seen a dentist over the past year reveals that the likelihood is greater for females, singles, Air Force personnel, Native Americans, and the better educated; the likelihood is less for recruits who are black, above 19 years old, from the Midwest, Southwest, or Pacific regions of the U.S., and who perceive a need for dental care. Education is the strongest predictor of dental utilization prior to entering military service. RP Chisick, MC (reprint author), USA,DENT RES DETACHMENT,FT MEADE,MD 20755, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 161 IS 12 BP 743 EP 745 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VY074 UT WOS:A1996VY07400010 PM 8990833 ER PT J AU DuBose, DA Langevin, RC Morehouse, DH AF DuBose, DA Langevin, RC Morehouse, DH TI Thermoelectric technique to precisely control hyperthermic exposures of human whole blood SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEAT AB The need in military research to avoid exposing humans to harsh environments and reduce animal use requires the development of in vitro models for the study of hyperthermic injury. A thermoelectric module (TEM) system was employed to heat human whole blood (HWB) in a manner similar to that experienced by heat-stroked rats. This system precisely and accurately replicated mild, moderate, and extreme heat-stress exposures. Temperature changes could be monitored without the introduction of a test sample thermistor, which reduced contamination problems. HWB with hematocrits of 45 or 50% had similar heating curves, indicating that the system compensated for differences in sample character, The unit's size permitted its containment within a standard carbon dioxide incubator to further control sample environment. These results indicate that the TEM system can precisely control temperature change in this heat stress in vitro model employing HWB. Information obtained from such a model could contribute to military preparedness. RP DuBose, DA (reprint author), USA,INST ENVIRONM MED,CELLULAR PHYSIOL & PATHOL DIV,ENVIRONM PATHOPHYSIOL DIRECTORATE,NATICK,MA 01760, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 161 IS 12 BP 746 EP 749 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VY074 UT WOS:A1996VY07400011 PM 8990834 ER PT J AU RIDDLE, WA AF RIDDLE, WA TI THE ORIGINS OF BLACK SHARECROPPING SO MISSISSIPPI QUARTERLY LA English DT Article RP RIDDLE, WA (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MISSISSIPPI QUARTERLY PI MISSISSIPPI STATE PA PO BOX 5272, MISSISSIPPI STATE, MS 39762 SN 0026-637X J9 MISS QUART JI Mississippi Q. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 49 IS 1 BP 53 EP 71 PG 19 WC Literary Theory & Criticism SC Literature GA UN150 UT WOS:A1996UN15000004 ER PT J AU Kiang, JG Gist, ID Hall, SL Tsokos, GC AF Kiang, JG Gist, ID Hall, SL Tsokos, GC TI Expression of heat shock proteins requires increases in intracellular free calcium in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT CLIN PHYSIOL,DIV MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD DEC PY 1996 VL 7 SU S BP 1037 EP 1037 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA WB018 UT WOS:A1996WB01801041 ER PT J AU Duffy, PE Ockenhouse, CF AF Duffy, PE Ockenhouse, CF TI Adhesion of malaria parasites to the endothelial glycoprotein CD36 is an invariant process involving the molecule sequestrin SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD DEC PY 1996 VL 7 SU S BP 2494 EP 2494 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA WB018 UT WOS:A1996WB01802487 ER PT J AU Kanesathasan, N Burrous, MJ Asher, LV AF Kanesathasan, N Burrous, MJ Asher, LV TI Dengue virus induces apoptosis in vero cells SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD DEC PY 1996 VL 7 SU S BP 3011 EP 3011 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA WB018 UT WOS:A1996WB01803003 ER PT J AU Rothwell, SW Calvert, VS AF Rothwell, SW Calvert, VS TI Phosphorylation of cytoplasmic dynein subunits in human platelets SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT HEMATOL & VASC BIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD DEC PY 1996 VL 7 SU S BP 3300 EP 3300 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA WB018 UT WOS:A1996WB01803288 ER PT J AU Smith, WJ AF Smith, WJ TI Altered expression of intracellular and surface antigens by cultured human epidermal keratinocytes exposed to sulfur mustard. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA,MED RES INST CHEM DEF,BIOCHEM PHARMACOL BRANCH,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD DEC PY 1996 VL 7 SU S BP 3697 EP 3697 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA WB018 UT WOS:A1996WB01803686 ER PT J AU Kausalya, S Nath, J AF Kausalya, S Nath, J TI Role of nitric oxide neutrophil-mediated endothelial cell injury. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT RESP RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD DEC PY 1996 VL 7 SU S BP 3826 EP 3826 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA WB018 UT WOS:A1996WB01803816 ER PT J AU Potegal, M Ferris, CF Hebert, M Meyerhoff, J Skaredoff, L AF Potegal, M Ferris, CF Hebert, M Meyerhoff, J Skaredoff, L TI Attack priming in female Syrian golden hamsters is associated with a c-fos-coupled process within the corticomedial amygdala SO NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aggression; arousal; immunocytochemistry; sex; time-course ID MALE-RATS; MESOCRICETUS-AURATUS; INTRASPECIFIC AGGRESSION; DIFFERENTIAL PROJECTIONS; MEDIAL AMYGDALA; BETTA-SPLENDENS; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; TIME COURSE; LESIONS; BRAIN AB Allowing a resident hamster a single ''priming'' attack on a conspecific induces a transient aggressive arousal as indicated by a reduction in the latency and increase in the probability of attack on a second intruder presented within the next 30 min. We present two lines of evidence identifying the corticomedial amygdala as an important locus mediating this effect. (1) Attack priming significantly increases the number of neurons expressing immunocytochemically identified Fos protein in the corticomedial amygdala, but not elsewhere. Pursuit and biting of an inanimate object does not induce corticomedial amygdala c-fos expression of the same pattern or magnitude. The corticomedial amygdala contribution to the priming effect involves more than a non-specific arousal, since corticomedial amygdala c-fos expression does not correlate with locomotor activity, a standard indicator of such arousal. (2) Radiofrequency lesions of the corticomedial amygdala reduce aggression, the greatest reduction occurring with the more anterior lesions. Other behaviors, including a priming-like locomotor practice effect in a running wheel, are unaffected by corticomedial amygdala lesions. These findings suggest that attack priming is an aggression-specific effect resulting from a Fos-coupled change within neural circuitry of which the corticomedial amygdala is a part. From a theoretical point of view, these experiments suggest a new approach to the analysis of the mechanisms underlying aggressive behavior and the persistence of aggressive arousal. We present a sketch of a quantitative neurobehavioral model which relates attack probability to neural activation within the corticomedial amygdala. From a methodological viewpoint, these experiments extend the utility of mapping c-fos expression as a technique for localizing endogenous, behavior-specific processes within the central nervous system. Copyright (C) 1996 IBRO. C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT MED NEUROSCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,WORCESTER,MA 01605. NR 64 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-4522 J9 NEUROSCIENCE JI Neuroscience PD DEC PY 1996 VL 75 IS 3 BP 869 EP 880 DI 10.1016/0306-4522(96)00236-9 PG 12 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA VU268 UT WOS:A1996VU26800019 PM 8951880 ER PT J AU Will, MJ Manganaro, AM Startzell, JM AF Will, MJ Manganaro, AM Startzell, JM TI Bilateral mandibular radiopacities with mucosal masses SO ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL RADIOLOGY AND ENDODONTICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ALVEOLAR RIDGE AUGMENTATION; SOFT-TISSUE RESPONSES; HYDROXYLAPATITE; HYDROXYAPATITE; PARTICLES; IMPLANT RP Will, MJ (reprint author), BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,DEPT ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL SURG,ATTN MCNK-OS,1950 STANLEY RD,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 1079-2104 J9 ORAL SURG ORAL MED O JI Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 82 IS 6 BP 607 EP 609 DI 10.1016/S1079-2104(96)80432-X PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB240 UT WOS:A1996WB24000003 PM 8974130 ER PT J AU Beauchesne, RP Martell, JR AF Beauchesne, RP Martell, JR TI Malunion of the tibia secondary to stress fracture of the tibia and fibula SO ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,ORTHOPED SURG SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0147-7447 J9 ORTHOPEDICS JI Orthopedics PD DEC PY 1996 VL 19 IS 12 BP 1041 EP 1043 PG 3 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA VY260 UT WOS:A1996VY26000010 PM 8972522 ER PT J AU Sood, SL Balaraman, V Finn, KC Wilkerson, SY Mundie, TG Easa, D AF Sood, SL Balaraman, V Finn, KC Wilkerson, SY Mundie, TG Easa, D TI Exogenous surfactant decreases oxygenation in Escherichia coli endotoxin-treated neonatal piglets SO PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acute respiratory distress syndrome; adult; pulmonary surfactant; neonate; endotoxin; pulmonary function tests; animal model ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; RABBITS; FAILURE; REPLACEMENT; PRESSURE; MODEL; INSTILLATION; METABOLISM; EFFICACY AB Abnormalities of pulmonary surfactant function have been described in association with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Because gram-negative sepsis is a common cause of ARDS, we treated neonatal piglets with Escherichia coli endotoxin to create a neonatal ARDS model. We hypothesized that under these conditions administration of exogenous surfactant would improve pulmonary function. Study groups included: control (n = 8), Exosurf(R) (5 mL/kg, 13.5 mg phospholipid/mL, n = 7), Survanta(R) (4 mL/kg, 25 mg phospholipid/mL, n = 6), and saline (5 mL/kg, n = 6). E. coli endotoxin 12 mu g/kg was infused over 30 min and resulted in significant pulmonary and hemodynamic abnormalities, histopathologic evidence of nonhomogeneous lung injury, and elevated protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage washings. Neither Exosurf(R) nor Survanta(R) ameliorated the pulmonary effects of endotoxin. Instead, there was a prolonged decrease in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and dynamic lung compliance after administration of surfactant and saline. Distribution of a bolus of Exosurf(R) was uneven throughout the lung. We conclude that in this neonatal piglet model of ARDS, bolus surfactant administration had a detrimental effect on oxygenation and pulmonary function. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV HAWAII,KAPIOLANI MED CTR WOMEN & CHILDREN,DEPT PEDIAT,JOHN A BURNS SCH MED,HONOLULU,HI 96826. TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,HONOLULU,HI 96859. TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,HONOLULU,HI 96859. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 8755-6863 J9 PEDIATR PULM JI Pediatr. Pulmonol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 22 IS 6 BP 376 EP 386 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0496(199612)22:6<376::AID-PPUL6>3.0.CO;2-H PG 11 WC Pediatrics; Respiratory System SC Pediatrics; Respiratory System GA WA891 UT WOS:A1996WA89100007 PM 9016471 ER PT J AU Hassmen, P Sams, MR Hunt, DP AF Hassmen, P Sams, MR Hunt, DP TI Self-assessment responding and testing methods: Effects on performers and observers SO PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS LA English DT Article ID CONFIDENCE; REHEARSAL; RETRIEVAL; MEMORY; CHOICE AB Learning of a specific task can be achieved either by the learner's own performance of the task or by observing another person perform the task. Distinct differences have been described in the literature concerning the performance of those who learn by performing versus those who learn by observing. In the present study, 128 women learned the correct responses by either observing or performing. Subsequently, participants took either a performance or a written lest, with or without making self-assessments about how sure they were that their selected answer was correct. Participants who learned with self-assessment selected a greater percentage of correct responses, both during the learning trials and on the tests that followed, than did those who learned without self-assessment. No evidence was, however, found that scores on the type of test given (written or performance) was affected by the type of learning (observing or performing). C1 USA,RES INST BEHAV & SOCIAL SCI,ALEXANDRIA,VA. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP Hassmen, P (reprint author), UNIV STOCKHOLM,DEPT PSYCHOL,S-10691 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. OI Hassmen, Peter/0000-0002-4348-7862 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS PI MISSOULA PA PO BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 SN 0031-5125 J9 PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL JI Percept. Mot. Skills PD DEC PY 1996 VL 83 IS 3 BP 1091 EP 1104 PN 2 PG 14 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA WE282 UT WOS:A1996WE28200001 ER PT J AU Wightman, DC AF Wightman, DC TI Handbook of human factors testing and evaluation - OBrien,TG, Charlton,SG SO PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review RP Wightman, DC (reprint author), USA,RES INST,ROTARY WING AVIAT RES UNIT,PERI IR,FT RUCKER,AL 36362, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY INC PI BOWLING GREEN PA 745 HASKINS ROAD, SUITE A, BOWLING GREEN, OH 43402 SN 0031-5826 J9 PERS PSYCHOL JI Pers. Psychol. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1034 EP 1036 PG 3 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA VY108 UT WOS:A1996VY10800022 ER PT J AU Burke, DS AF Burke, DS TI Joseph-Alexandre Auzias-Turenne, Louis Pasteur, and early concepts of virulence, attenuation, and vaccination SO PERSPECTIVES IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV RETROVIROL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. OI /0000-0002-5704-8094 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0031-5982 J9 PERSPECT BIOL MED JI Perspect. Biol. Med. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 39 IS 2 BP 171 EP 186 PG 16 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC History & Philosophy of Science; Research & Experimental Medicine GA TW579 UT WOS:A1996TW57900002 PM 8820537 ER PT J AU Wenger, MP Blanas, P Shuford, RJ DasGupta, DK AF Wenger, MP Blanas, P Shuford, RJ DasGupta, DK TI Acoustic emission signal detection by ceramic/polymer composite piezoelectrets embedded in glass-epoxy laminates SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Polymer Characterization (POLYCHAR-4) CY JAN 10-14, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX HO UNIV N TEXAS ID FERROELECTRIC COMPOSITES; POLYMER COMPOSITES; CERAMICS AB Piezoelectric composites, consisting of a ferroelectric ceramic powder of calcium-modified lead titanate dispersed in two different polymer matrices, viz. from vinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene and an epoxy, have been fabricated. The composites show a mixed connectivity structure, and the results of electromechanical characterization are given. Thin films of these materials have been incorporated into surface mounted acoustic emission sensors and their frequency response and ability to detect plate waves, generated by a simulated acoustic emission source, has been examined. In situ transducers embedded into glass-reinforced laminate plates have also been examined and have been shown suitable for acoustic emission sensors. C1 USA, RES LAB, MAT DIRECTORATE, ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD 21005 USA. RP UNIV WALES, SCH ELECT ENGN & COMP SYST, BANGOR LL57 1UT, GWYNEDD, WALES. NR 29 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0032-3888 EI 1548-2634 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 36 IS 24 BP 2945 EP 2954 DI 10.1002/pen.10696 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA WA584 UT WOS:A1996WA58400007 ER PT J AU Carr, LW Chandrasekhara, MS AF Carr, LW Chandrasekhara, MS TI Compressibility effects on dynamic stall SO PROGRESS IN AEROSPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PITCHING AIRFOIL AB Dynamic stall delay of flow over airfoils rapidly pitching past the static stall angle has been studied by many scientists. However, the effect of compressibility on this dynamic stall behavior has been less comprehensively studied. This review presents a detailed assessment of research performed on this subject, including a historical review of work performed on both aircraft and helicopters, and offers insight into the impact of compressibility on the complex aerodynamic phenomenon known as dynamic stall. It also documents the major effect that compressibility can have on dynamic stall events, and the complete change of physics of the stall process that can occur as free-stream Mach number is increased. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,FLUID MECH LAB BRANCH,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,NASA JOINT INST AERONAUT,MONTEREY,CA 93943. RP Carr, LW (reprint author), USA,AVIAT & TROOP COMMAND,AVIAT RES,CTR DEV & ENGN,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 71 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0376-0421 J9 PROG AEROSP SCI JI Prog. Aeosp. Sci. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 32 IS 6 BP 523 EP 573 DI 10.1016/0376-0421(95)00009-7 PG 51 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA VY237 UT WOS:A1996VY23700001 ER PT J AU Gazonas, GA Juhasz, AA Ford, JC AF Gazonas, GA Juhasz, AA Ford, JC TI Strain rate insensitivity of damage-induced surface area in M30 and JA2 gun propellants SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article AB Uniaxial compression tests are conducted on single-grain seven-perforated specimens of M30 and JA2 gun propellant using the U.S. Army's high rate servohydraulic test apparatus in order to investigate the effects of strain rate, temperature, and percent axial strain on the combustion characteristic.,; (apparent burn rate and pressurization rate) or the propellants. At room temperature M30 primarily deforms by macroscopic fracture and JA2 deforms by macroscopic flow. The total number of tests (sixteen) is minimized by designing the experimental program according to a 2(4) statistical design strategy. The single grains of deformed propellant are then burned in a newly designed 7.8-cm(3) mini closed-bomb and plots of pressure, pressurization rate and surface area ratio versus time, and apparent burning into versus pressure are compared with baseline results for the Undeformed propellant specimens. The apparent burn rates of damaged M30 propellant vary considerably and [fie degree of damage induced surface area approaches six times that of the undeformed baseline M30 specimen!;. The apparent burn rates of JA2 are relatively unaffected by the induced deformation, Results indicate that the apparent burn rate of JA2 at 20 MPa is primarily dependent oil the deformation temperature, Yet the apparent burn rate, or M30 at 20 MPa is dependent primarily oil percent axial specimen strain. The apparent burn rates for these propellants are relatively insensitive to the deformation strain rate over the range 10(-2) to 100 sec(-1). C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21006 USA. RP Gazonas, GA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21006 USA. OI Gazonas, George/0000-0002-2715-016X NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 21 IS 6 BP 307 EP 316 DI 10.1002/prep.19960210605 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA V2980 UT WOS:000169019900004 ER PT J AU Pesce-Rodriguez, RA Fifer, RA AF Pesce-Rodriguez, RA Fifer, RA TI LOVA propellant aging: Effect of residual solvent SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article AB An investigation of LOVA propellant aging was performed to identify the cause of stabilization periods in certain propellant lots. Two important observations were made: (1) the level of residual solvent in propellant grains slowly decrease while in storage, and (2) during the drying process and while the grains are in storage, plasticizer "co-migrates" with solvent, resulting in plasticizer accumulation at grain surfaces. It was also observed that while in storage, residual solvent may be oxidized to generate organic acids. Based on those results, it is proposed that stabilization periods result from processes related to migration, evaporation, end oxidation of residual solvent. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WT PC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Pesce-Rodriguez, RA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WT PC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 21 IS 6 BP 337 EP 343 DI 10.1002/prep.19960210610 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA V2980 UT WOS:000169019900009 ER PT J AU Small, EJ Dawson, NA Kantoff, PW Vogelzang, NJ AF Small, EJ Dawson, NA Kantoff, PW Vogelzang, NJ TI Cancer and leukemia group B trials for advanced prostate cancer SO SEMINARS IN ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Roundtable Workshop on Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer - An Emerging Epidemic CY MAY 22, 1996 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA ID FLUTAMIDE WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME; ANTIANDROGEN WITHDRAWAL; ANTIGEN DECLINE C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. DANA FARBER CANC INST,BOSTON,MA 02115. UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT MED,CHICAGO,IL 60637. RP Small, EJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,MT ZION CANC CTR,UROL ONCOL SECT,SCH MED,2356 SUTTER ST,5TH FLOOR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94115, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0093-7754 J9 SEMIN ONCOL JI Semin. Oncol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 23 IS 6 SU 14 BP 28 EP 31 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA WC452 UT WOS:A1996WC45200007 PM 8996582 ER PT J AU Menn, SJ Loube, DI Morgan, TD Mitler, MM Berger, JS Erman, MK AF Menn, SJ Loube, DI Morgan, TD Mitler, MM Berger, JS Erman, MK TI The mandibular repositioning device: Role in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea SO SLEEP LA English DT Article DE mandibular repositioning device; obstructive sleep apnea; treatment; maintenance of wakefulness test ID LONG-TERM COMPLIANCE; UPPER AIRWAY; UVULOPALATOPHARYNGOPLASTY; ADVANCEMENT; THERAPY AB The role of oral appliances in the routine treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is not well defined. This prospective study attempts to clarify the clinical role of a specific oral appliance, the mandibular repositioning device (MRD). This study evaluated the demographic, polysomnographic, and cephalometric radiographic findings predictive of treatment success or failure with the MRD. Twenty-nine patients were diagnosed with mild to severe OSA by nocturnal polysomnography. The majority of these patients were intolerant to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and all were fitted with a MRD. Twenty-three of these patients were compliant initially with MRD use and received post-treatment nocturnal polysomnography at a mean of 104 days after receiving the device. The respiratory disturbance index (RDI) decreased with MRD use (37 +/- 23 versus 18 +/- 20 events/hour, p < 0.001), and 16 of the 23 patients (16%) were considered responders (decrease in RDI greater than or equal to 50% and posttreatment RDI less than or equal to 20). Measurements of subjective and objective daytime sleepiness, nocturnal oxygen desaturation, and snoring were all improved with MRD use. A pre-treatment RDI > 40 was present in four of the seven (67%) non-responders. Age, body mass index, and cephalometric radiographic measurements were not predictive of treatment outcome. Sixteen of 23 patients (70%) continue to use the MRD after 3.4 +/- 0.7 years. This study suggests that the MRD is useful in the long-term treatment of patients with OSA of mild to moderate severity. C1 SCRIPPS CLIN,DIV SLEEP DISORDERS,LA JOLLA,CA 92037. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,PULM SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 30 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SLEEP DISORDERS ASSOC PI ROCHESTER PA 1610 14TH STREET NW SUITE 300, ROCHESTER, MN 55806 SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PD DEC PY 1996 VL 19 IS 10 BP 794 EP 800 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA WN947 UT WOS:A1996WN94700007 PM 9085488 ER PT J AU Malone, JD PaigeDobson, B Ohl, C DiGiovanni, C Cunnion, S Roy, MJ AF Malone, JD PaigeDobson, B Ohl, C DiGiovanni, C Cunnion, S Roy, MJ TI Possibilities for unexplained chronic illnesses among reserve units deployed in Operation Desert Shield Desert Storm SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME; VIRUS-INFECTION; VETERANS; TROOPS; LEISHMANIASIS; RESPONSES; DISEASE; VIETNAM; HEALTH; GULF AB Because Armed Forces Reserve members, especially combat support units, were rapidly mobilized during Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm, they were at higher risk for anxiety and stress-related disorders. Personnel in reserve units in the military force structure are at greater risk for psychologic stress due to rapid mobilization and demobilization, which allows minimal time to process adverse experiences or fears. The unexpected disruption of families and careers and resulting financial pressures are magnified in older age groups who have increased personal and family commitments. Personnel in combat support units are at greatest risk when they lack necessary training, cohesion, and leadership. Prevention efforts in reserve units should involve education regarding the potential for activation and associated disruption of family and career plans, Support networks for reserve families should be encouraged, Additional training in an appropriate context regarding risks of biologic and chemical exposure, with the goal of developing confidence in training and equipment, should be stressed. Finally, group processing before demobilization and recall within 90 days of return to emphasize unit cohesion and readjustment to civilian life may be of benefit. C1 US MARINE CORPS, WASHINGTON, DC USA. NATL NAVAL MED CTR, NEUROL & RETROVIRAL DIS WORKING GRP, BETHESDA, MD USA. BUR MED & SURG, WASHINGTON, DC USA. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR, GULF WAR HLTH CTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20307 USA. RP Malone, JD (reprint author), NATL NAVAL MED CTR, DIV INFECT DIS, 8901 WISCONSIN AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20889 USA. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 89 IS 12 BP 1147 EP 1155 DI 10.1097/00007611-199612000-00003 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VX857 UT WOS:A1996VX85700003 PM 8969346 ER PT J AU Demaree, JD Fountzoulas, CG Hirvonen, JK AF Demaree, JD Fountzoulas, CG Hirvonen, JK TI Chromium nitride coatings produced by ion beam assisted deposition SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 22-26, 1996 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div DE chromium nitride coatings; ion beam assisted deposition; rf-type ion source ID HOLLOW-CATHODE DISCHARGE; FILMS; TITANIUM AB Chromium nitride is a candidate material for the replacement of electroplated chromium as a tribological coating in a number of Army applications. In this study, ion beam assisted deposition has been used to deposit chromium nitride coatings onto a variety of substrates, including carbon foil, silicon, and steel, using 1200 eV nitrogen ions from an r.f.-type ion source and thermally evaporated chromium. The ion/atom arrival ratio R was varied from zero to approximately 8 and was found to have a strong effect on the film composition, film growth rate and stress state. At a constant background pressure of nitrogen, the nitrogen content of the coatings increased from 0 to 44 at.% with increasing R, indicating the ion assist was necessary for the incorporation of nitrogen into the coatings. The increased R also resulted in a reduced deposition rate due to ion sputtering effects, however, so the formation of stoichiometric CrN films may be not be possible under these deposition conditions (room temperature substrate and a background nitrogen partial pressure of 1.8 x 10(-1): Pa). The microstructure and stress of the coatings varied from columnar and tensile (evaporated Cr with no ion assist) to compact and highly compressive (deposition with ion assist). The fracture behavior of the films was examined using an automated scratch tester and scanning electron microscopy; tensilely stressed Cr films showed a tendency to crack and delaminate from silicon substrates, while compressively stressed CrxNy films did not crack easily and were more adherent. RP Demaree, JD (reprint author), USA, RES LAB, MAT DIRECTORATE, ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD 21005 USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 1996 VL 86 IS 1-3 BP 309 EP 315 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(96)03035-6 PN 1 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA WB323 UT WOS:A1996WB32300046 ER PT J AU Beckman, TJ Mullins, ME Matthews, MD AF Beckman, TJ Mullins, ME Matthews, MD TI Case report on a diver with type II decompression sickness and viral meningitis SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE decompression sickness; viral meningitis; hyperbaric oxygen ID HYPERBARIC-OXYGEN AB A 33-yr-old man came to the emergency department with the chief complaint of a severe headache and decreased sensation in his right hand following a deep dive on scuba. Physical examination before recompression treatment was remarkable only for hypesthesia on the right hand. We diagnosed type II decompression sickness and the patient underwent standard recompression therapy. The patient experienced near-complete resolution of his symptoms, his only residual complaint being that of neck pain with head movement. To investigate other causes of headache, a computed tomography of the head was performed which was normal, and a lumbar puncture was performed which was consistent with viral meningitis. This is the first reported case of recompression treatment on a patient with viral meningitis and decompression sickness. C1 TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,EMERGENCY MED SERV,HONOLULU,HI 96859. RP Beckman, TJ (reprint author), USN,MED CLIN,BOX 121,HONOLULU,HI 96860, USA. OI Mullins, Michael/0000-0001-8605-0217 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI KENSINGTON PA 10531 METROPOLITAN AVE, KENSINGTON, MD 20895 SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 23 IS 4 BP 243 EP 245 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA WB271 UT WOS:A1996WB27100006 PM 8989855 ER PT J AU Morgan, TO McLeod, DG Leifer, ES Murphy, GP Moul, JW AF Morgan, TO McLeod, DG Leifer, ES Murphy, GP Moul, JW TI Prospective use of free prostate-specific antigen to avoid repeat prostate biopsies in men with elevated total prostate-specific antigen SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 91st Annual Meeting of the American-Urological-Association CY MAY 04-09, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Urol Assoc ID REFERENCE RANGES; SERUM; CANCER; ALPHA-1-ANTICHYMOTRYPSIN; ESTABLISHMENT; DENSITY; COMPLEX; VALUES; ZONE AB Objectives. We prospectively evaluated whether free PSA improves the specificity of PSA and can be useful as a clinical guide to avoid repeat prostate biopsies in patients with persistent PSA elevations, normal digital rectal examinations, and previous negative prostate biopsies. Methods, Sixty-seven men with persistent PSA elevations (median 9.5, range 4.1-24.8 ng/mL), normal digital rectal examinations and two or more prior sextant biopsies (mean 2.8) had serum collected for measurement of total and free PSA. All patients were rebiopsied to determine the receiver operating characteristics of total PSA versus percent free PSA for prostate cancer detection, Results. The study biopsy identified 11 prostate cancer cases. The median percent free PSA was significantly higher at 18.0% among men without prostate cancer compared to 6.7% in men with prostate cancer (P<0.00005). When sensitivity was plotted against 1-specificity, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for percent free PSA was 0.93, compared to 0.69 for free PSA density, 0.66 for PSA density, and 0.51 for PSA. In patients with elevated total PSA levels, normal digital rectal examinations and two prior negative sets of sextant prostate biopsies, a cutoff of 10% free PSA would maintain sensitivity at 91% with a corresponding specificity of 86%. Conclusions. Selective measurement of percent free PSA can significantly improve the specificity of prostate cancer screening with PSA. A low percent free PSA (<10%) appears to be a powerful predictor of prostate cancer even after two negative prostate biopsies. Copyright 1996 by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI, DEPT SURG, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI, CTR PROSTATE DIS RES, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR, UROL SERV, WASHINGTON, DC 20307 USA. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR, DEPT SURG, WASHINGTON, DC 20307 USA. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR, DEPT CLIN INVEST, WASHINGTON, DC 20307 USA. NW HOSP, PACIFIC NW CANC FDN, CANC RES DIV, SEATTLE, WA USA. NR 23 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 EI 1527-9995 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD DEC PY 1996 VL 48 IS 6A SU S BP 76 EP 80 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(96)00615-2 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA WA648 UT WOS:A1996WA64800014 PM 8973705 ER PT J AU Heidenberg, HB Bauer, JJ McLeod, DG Moul, JW Srivastava, S AF Heidenberg, HB Bauer, JJ McLeod, DG Moul, JW Srivastava, S TI The role of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in prostate cancer: A possible biomarker? SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WILD-TYPE P53; PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; ONCOGENE MUTATIONS; CELL-PROLIFERATION; EXPRESSION; CARCINOMA; PROTEIN; DEATH; ADENOCARCINOMA; ACCUMULATION C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT SURG,CTR PROSTATE DIS RES,BETHESDA,MD 20814. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT SURG,UROL SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 66 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAHNERS PUBL CO PI NEW YORK PA 249 WEST 17 STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD DEC PY 1996 VL 48 IS 6 BP 971 EP 979 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(96)00365-2 PG 9 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA VZ280 UT WOS:A1996VZ28000032 PM 8973691 ER PT J AU Snider, DM AF Snider, DM TI The coming defense train wreck ... SO WASHINGTON QUARTERLY LA English DT Article RP Snider, DM (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,NATL SECUR STUDIES,W POINT,NY, USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 55 HAYWARD ST JOURNALS DEPT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0163-660X J9 WASH QUART JI Wash. Q. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 19 IS 1 BP 89 EP 101 PG 13 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA TK646 UT WOS:A1996TK64600007 ER PT J AU Anderson, JE Perry, JE AF Anderson, JE Perry, JE TI Characterization of wetland plant stress using leaf spectral reflectance: Implications for wetland remote sensing SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article ID RESPONSES; PINE AB Spectral measurements were recorded for leaves from two monospecific stands of Acer rubrum in an attempt to characterize leaf reflectance at different stages of flooding. The stands occupied two different soil types possessing different soil moisture regimes. Leaves were excised from different parts of the trees, and their reflectance properties were measured with a hand-held spectroradiometer recording from 400 to 900 nanometers in 3-nm increments. Soil redox potentials were recorded at the sites in an attempt to characterize stress as a function of the soil reducing conditions. Spectral curves, reflectance peaks, soil moisture observations, and redox potentials were plotted and analyzed to document the conditions of the trees during a two-and-a-half month period in the early local growing season. Compared to non-hooded trees, spectral measurements for flooded trees showed elevated reflectance in both the green spectral region at 550 nm as well as the near infrared region at 770 nm. In addition, the reflectance measurements were strongly related (r greater than or equal to 0.80) to redox potentials recorded during the same period. The results indicated that spectrally detectable changes in visible and near infrared leaf reflectance may be more influenced by prolonged flooding than saturation This suggests that where remote sensing is used for wetland mapping, there may be optimal times to spectrally separate stands of forested wetlands during the growing season. RP Anderson, JE (reprint author), USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22315, USA. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 1996 VL 16 IS 4 BP 477 EP 487 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WB279 UT WOS:A1996WB27900009 ER PT J AU Davis, MM Sprecher, SW Wakeley, JS Best, GR AF Davis, MM Sprecher, SW Wakeley, JS Best, GR TI Environmental gradients and identification of wetlands in north-central Florida SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE environmental gradients; flatwoods; Florida; hydrology; hydrophytic vegetation; hydric soils; plant communities; soil morphology; wetland delineation ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS AB Vegetation composition, soil morphology, and hydrology were characterized along wetland-to-upland gradients at six forested sites in north-central Florida to compare results of Federal wetland delineation methods with 3-5 yr of hydrologic data. Wetland and non-wetland identifications were supported by hydrology data in eight of nine plant communities. Lack of hydric soil indicators and hydrophytic vegetation in two upland communities (scrub and mixed mesic hardwoods) agreed with a deep water table. Six wetland communities (cypress dome, cypress strand, bayhead, cypress/bayhead, red maple/oak swamp. and cedar swamp) with field indicators of wetland hydrology, hydrophytic vegetation and hydric soils were inundated or had water tables at or near the ground surface at least 5% of the growing season in most years. Flatwoods communities, however, occurred at intermediate positions on the moisture gradient and could not be consistently identified as wetland or upland communities. Identification of flatwoods as wetlands depended on wetland delineation method and was not usually supported by hydrologic measurements. In the flatwoods community, soil properties and vegetation composition were correlated with the mean and standard deviation of water-table depths, as well as the depth continuously exceeded by the water table at least 5% of the growing season in most years. Various hydrologic parameters need to be considered in addition to the 5% exceedence level currently used in Federal wetland delineation guidance when characterizing wetland conditions in low-gradient areas such as flatwoods. RP USA, WATERWAYS EXPT STN, ENVIRONM LAB, VICKSBURG, MS 39180 USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 1996 VL 16 IS 4 BP 512 EP 523 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WB279 UT WOS:A1996WB27900013 ER PT J AU Yang, YC Szafraniec, LL Beaudry, WT Rohrbaugh, DK Procell, LR Samuel, JB AF Yang, YC Szafraniec, LL Beaudry, WT Rohrbaugh, DK Procell, LR Samuel, JB TI Autocatalytic hydrolysis of V-type nerve agents SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS; CATALYSIS AB V-type nerve agents MeP(O)(OR)(SCH(2)CH(2)NR'(2)), VX (R = C2H5; R' = i-C3H7) and its isomeric analog RVX (the ''Russian V-agent'', R = i-C4H9; R' = C2H5), react slowly but completely with an equimolar amount of H2O via exclusive P-S cleavage to produce the corresponding phosphonic acid (MeP(O)(OR)OH) and 2-aminoethanethiol (HSCH(2)CH(2)NR'(2)). The reaction is believed to be initiated by nucleophilic attack of the deprotonated phosphonic acid on the protonated V-agent to produce a diphosphonate intermediate ((MeP(O)(OR))(2)O) that rapidly hydrolyzes to regenerate the phosphonic acid. The autocatalytic ionic chain reaction is thus continued in the nearly nonaqueous reaction medium. The viscous final product mixture remains reactive toward freshly added trace amounts of the V-agent, giving the same final reaction half-life of 13-15 h at 23 degrees C. When water is insufficient and depleted, the diphosphonate intermediate accumulates and reacts with the aminoethanethiol to regenerate the V-agent. This autocatalytic hydrolysis process is not observed with a simpler phosphonothioate analog (MeP(O)(OC2H5)(SC2H5)), which suggests that the attack of the phosphonic acid on the V-agent is intramolecularly assisted by the protonated amino group. RP USA, EDGEWOOD RES DEV & ENGN CTR, RES & TECHNOL DIRECTORATE, ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD 21010 USA. NR 19 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD NOV 29 PY 1996 VL 61 IS 24 BP 8407 EP 8413 DI 10.1021/jo9614506 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA VV609 UT WOS:A1996VV60900014 ER PT J AU Tidrow, MZ Bacher, K AF Tidrow, MZ Bacher, K TI A three-well quantum well infrared photodetector SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A simplified quantum well infrared photodetector (S-QWIP) has been designed and demonstrated which shows very high performance. The S-QWIP is designed to have only three quantum wells with detection peak wavelengths at 7.3, 8.3, and 10 mu m, for the first, second, and third well, respectively. The two barriers between the three wells are graded to block the dark current effectively when reverse bias is applied. It also produces a built-in potential in the structure for a photovoltaic (PV) effect. The two end barriers are designed with different widths so that the electron transport call be compared when the bias directions are changed. The responsivity of the S-QWIP shows three photoreponse peaks at zero bias (PV effect) and migrates to one wide peak when the bias increases. The device is BLIP at 85 K within the operable reverse bias range. The responsivity is greatly enhanced at higher temperature and small bias. The conversion efficiency of photon absorption to photocurrent calculated conservatively at a bias voltage -0.8 V and peak wavelength 8.5 mu m is 29%. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 QUANTUM EPITAXIAL DESIGNS INC, BETHLEHEM, PA 18015 USA. RP USA, RES LAB, FT MONMOUTH, NJ 07703 USA. NR 10 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 1996 VL 69 IS 22 BP 3396 EP 3398 DI 10.1063/1.117271 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA VU647 UT WOS:A1996VU64700034 ER PT J AU Washington, GE AF Washington, GE TI Fractal Brownian motion and polymers in external fields SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Polymer behavior in external fields is modeled using fractal Brownian motion. The chain dimensions of polymer chains with and without excluded volume show a contour length dependence of N-v where v = h - 1. Chains with excluded volume have h = 3/5, chains without excluded volume, Gaussian chains have h = 1/2, and for chains in the collapsed state h = 1/3. This nonphysical result points to the distinction between fractals as models of the trajectory or path of a polymer that are self-similar on all length scales and real polymers that possess a lower and upper limit for self-similarity. RP Washington, GE (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,DEPT CHEM,W POINT,NY 10966, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 22 PY 1996 VL 105 IS 20 BP 9324 EP 9333 DI 10.1063/1.472760 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA VV049 UT WOS:A1996VV04900036 ER PT J AU Kozikowski, AP Campiani, G Sun, LQ Wang, SM Saxena, A Doctor, BP AF Kozikowski, AP Campiani, G Sun, LQ Wang, SM Saxena, A Doctor, BP TI Identification of a more potent analogue of the naturally occurring alkaloid huperzine A. Predictive molecular modeling of its interaction with AChE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ANTICHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; BINDING; CHOLINESTERASES; RESIDUES; DYNAMICS; ROUTE AB Huperzine A (HA), a potent reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), is an important psychotherapeutic agent for improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's patients through the enhancement of central cholinergic tone. This molecule takes on added value in that it has recently been shown to exhibit neuroprotective properties (glutamate toxicity blocking activity) in vitro. Based upon our cumulative SAR information and to some extent the predicted binding site of HA within Torpedo AChE, we chose to investigate the synthesis and biology of certain C-10 substituted analogues. The important finding was made that introduction of an axial methyl group into the C-10 position of huperzine A increased the potency for AChE inhibition 8-fold; the corresponding equatorial isomer was about 1.5-fold less active than huperzine A. The introduction of substituents larger than methyl resulted in a drop in activity. For example, the ethyl analogue was found to be about 100-fold less active than huperzine A, indicating that while it is still capable of binding to Torpedo AChE, some steric interaction with the ''walls'' of the active site gorge must result. Through the use of molecular modeling methods involving the docking of these analogues to the reported X-ray crystal structure of Torpedo AChE, it is clearly evident that the C-10 axial methyl group points into a hydrophobic region of the enzyme, while the equatorial methyl group is directed to a less favorable hydrophilic region. Substituents larger than methyl were found to result in a conformational energy penalty. The ready explanation of this structure-activity relationship data provides further evidence in support of our modeling studies aimed at establishing huperzine A's binding site in AChE. This knowledge should facilitate the identification of other structural analogues of huperzine A likely to exhibit an improved therapeutic profile. C1 UNIV SIENA,DIPARTIMENTO FARMACO CHIM TECNOL,I-53100 SIENA,ITALY. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV BIOCHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP Kozikowski, AP (reprint author), GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,INST COGNIT & COMPUTAT SCI,3970 RESERVOIR RD NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20007, USA. RI Wang, Shaomeng/E-9686-2010 NR 25 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 20 PY 1996 VL 118 IS 46 BP 11357 EP 11362 DI 10.1021/ja9622822 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA VU995 UT WOS:A1996VU99500003 ER PT J AU Chew, DC Federici, JF GutierrezSolana, J Molina, G Savin, W Wilber, W AF Chew, DC Federici, JF GutierrezSolana, J Molina, G Savin, W Wilber, W TI Infrared quenching of photoinduced persistent conductivity in YBa2Cu3O6+x SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-DEFICIENT YBA2CU3OX; THIN-FILMS; PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT AB Experimental evidence for infrared quenched photoinduced persistent conductivity in oxygen deficient YBa2Cu3O6+x films is presented. Results are interpreted in terms of both a charge transfer photoassisted oxygen ordering model. Infrared illumination of the photoinduced state results in detrapping of electrons, a recombination of photogenerated holes/electrons, and a partial quenching of the photoinduced state. Experimental results suggest the possibility of optically controlled superconducting devices in which the superconducting state is generated and quenched with different colors of light. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 USA,RES LAB,PHYS SCI DIRECTORATE,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703. RP Chew, DC (reprint author), NEW JERSEY INST TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,NEWARK,NJ 07102, USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 1996 VL 69 IS 21 BP 3260 EP 3262 DI 10.1063/1.118029 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA VT731 UT WOS:A1996VT73100049 ER PT J AU Henderson, LA Svirkin, YY Gross, RA Kaplan, DL Swift, G AF Henderson, LA Svirkin, YY Gross, RA Kaplan, DL Swift, G TI Enzyme-catalyzed polymerizations of epsilon-caprolactone: Effects of initiator on product structure, propagation kinetics, and mechanism SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION; POLYESTERS; LACTONES; LIPASE AB Studies were undertaken to gain mechanistic information on lactone ring-opening polymerization reactions using porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) as the catalyst and epsilon-caprolactone (epsilon-CL) as the monomer. Polymerizations were carried out at low water levels (0.13 mmol) and supplemented with either butanol or butylamine. Rates of monomer conversion, product molecular weight, total chain number, and chain end structure were determined by H-1 NMR. In the presence of water alone, a maximum M(n) of 7600 g/mol was obtained at 85% conversion, which decreased to 4200 g/mol as the reaction continued to 98% conversion. Reactions with butanol and butylamine at 100% conversion gave polymers with M, values of 1900 and 1200 g/mol, respectively. For these three polymerizations, the total number of polymer chains increased with conversion due to a simultaneous increase in carboxylic acid chain ends. Within 4 h (similar to 26% monomer conversion), butylamine was completely consumed but only 37% of butanol reacted. Reactions with butylamine occurred predominantly by an enzyme-mediated route to form N-butyl-6-hydroxyhexanamide. This step was rapid relative to subsequent chain growth. In addition, the living or immortal nature of the polymerizations was assessed from plots of log{[M](0)/[M](t)} versus time and M(n) Versus conversion. These results indicate that termination and chain transfer did not occur, and we described the system as providing ''controlled'' polymerizations. Furthermore, an expression for the rate of propagation was derived from the experimental data which is consistent with that derived from the proposed enzyme-catalyzed polymerization mechanism. The absence of termination in conjunction with the relationship between molecular weight and the total concentration of multiple initiators suggests that E-CL polymerization by PPL catalysis shares many features of immortal polymerizations. C1 UNIV LOWELL,DEPT CHEM,LOWELL,MA 01854. USA,NATICK RES DEV & ENGN CTR,DIV BIOTECHNOL,STRNC,YM,NATICK,MA 01760. ROHM & HAAS CO,SPRING HOUSE,PA 19477. NR 14 TC 112 Z9 117 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 18 PY 1996 VL 29 IS 24 BP 7759 EP 7766 DI 10.1021/ma960821h PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA VU066 UT WOS:A1996VU06600018 ER PT J AU Kiserow, DJ Itoh, Y Webber, SE AF Kiserow, DJ Itoh, Y Webber, SE TI Effect of coil collapse on photon-harvesting polymers with carbazole chromophores SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-ENERGY TRANSFER; FLEXIBLE MACROMOLECULES; SPECTROSCOPIC RULER; EXCIMER FORMATION; LINEAR-CHAINS; FLUORESCENCE; POLY(N-VINYLCARBAZOLE); NAPHTHALENE; COPOLYMERS; DIMENSIONS AB Steady-state and time-dependent fluorescence measurements were made for copolymers with pendant carbazole chromophores as a function of polymer coil collapse induced by the addition of a nonsolvent. The results show that although the efficiency of electronic energy transport to a covalently bound trap increases with coil contraction, this increase is part of a complex chain of events, the most important being a decrease in donor quantum yield. It was found that classical excimer formation is small. for the polymers studied, while self-quenching is prevalent and competes for donor energy. The result is that, as the efficiency of energy transfer increases, the quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime of the donor decrease while the fluorescence intensity of the acceptor increases. It is quite likely that if self-quenching were eliminated, the efficiency of electronic energy transfer would approach unity for a small degree of coil collapse. C1 SHINSHU UNIV,FAC TEXT SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT FUNCT POLYMER SCI,UEDA,NAGANO 386,JAPAN. UNIV TEXAS,CTR POLYMER RES,AUSTIN,TX 78712. UNIV TEXAS,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,AUSTIN,TX 78712. RP Kiserow, DJ (reprint author), USA,RES OFF,4300 SO MIAMI BLVD,POB 12211,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 18 PY 1996 VL 29 IS 24 BP 7847 EP 7852 DI 10.1021/ma960680j PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA VU066 UT WOS:A1996VU06600028 ER PT J AU Kark, JA Ward, FT Gardner, JW AF Kark, JA Ward, FT Gardner, JW TI Prevention of exercise-related death associated with sickle cell trait. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HOWARD UNIV HOSP,WASHINGTON,DC. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,BETHESDA,MD 20814. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1996 VL 88 IS 10 SU 1 BP 38 EP 38 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA VT983 UT WOS:A1996VT98300038 ER PT J AU Krishnamurti, C Cutting, MA Reid, TJ Alving, BM AF Krishnamurti, C Cutting, MA Reid, TJ Alving, BM TI Rapid measurement of plasma levels of argatroban utilizing the quantitative thrombin time. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1996 VL 88 IS 10 SU 1 BP 682 EP 682 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA VT983 UT WOS:A1996VT98300682 ER PT J AU Jones, MP Carrington, L Cutting, M Alving, B AF Jones, MP Carrington, L Cutting, M Alving, B TI Case controlled, prospective study of the prevalence of factor V Leiden among ambulatory patients presenting with venous thromboembolism. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1996 VL 88 IS 10 SU 1 BP 691 EP 691 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA VT983 UT WOS:A1996VT98300691 ER PT J AU Byrd, JC Wiesen, AR Hospenthal, DR Howard, RS Glass, KL Diehl, LF AF Byrd, JC Wiesen, AR Hospenthal, DR Howard, RS Glass, KL Diehl, LF TI The impact of the administration of packed red blood cells in the evaluation of the post-transfusion patient. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1996 VL 88 IS 10 SU 1 BP 711 EP 711 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA VT983 UT WOS:A1996VT98300711 ER PT J AU Houde, LL Sehn, LH Robson, MR Antin, JH Strickland, WR Byrd, JC AF Houde, LL Sehn, LH Robson, MR Antin, JH Strickland, WR Byrd, JC TI Pancreatitis during therapy of acute myeloid leukemia: Cytarabine related? SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02115. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1996 VL 88 IS 10 SU 1 BP 857 EP 857 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA VT983 UT WOS:A1996VT98300857 ER PT J AU Myhand, R Stephenson, J Coleman, T Ayala, E Irrizary, Z Martin, S Smith, D AF Myhand, R Stephenson, J Coleman, T Ayala, E Irrizary, Z Martin, S Smith, D TI Autologous granulocyte storage and infusion as supportive care in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) receiving high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell support (HDC/SCS). SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTAT SERV,SAN ANTONIO,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1996 VL 88 IS 10 SU 1 BP 1651 EP 1651 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA VT983 UT WOS:A1996VT98301651 ER PT J AU Jackson, MR Friedman, SA Carter, AJ Bayer, V Burge, JR MacPhee, MJ Drohan, WN Alving, BM AF Jackson, MR Friedman, SA Carter, AJ Bayer, V Burge, JR MacPhee, MJ Drohan, WN Alving, BM TI Hemostatic efficacy of a bandage containing lyophilized, virally-inactivated human fibrinogen and thrombin in a porcine model of arterial injury. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. AMER RED CROSS,JEROME H HOLLAND LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1996 VL 88 IS 10 SU 1 BP 1762 EP 1762 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA VT983 UT WOS:A1996VT98301762 ER PT J AU Flinn, IW Byrd, JC Seifter, E Marcellus, D Lee, N Diehl, LF Ambinder, RF Grever, MR Vogelsang, G AF Flinn, IW Byrd, JC Seifter, E Marcellus, D Lee, N Diehl, LF Ambinder, RF Grever, MR Vogelsang, G TI Fludarabine and cyclophosphamide as first therapy for indolent lymphoproliferative disorders: Response rates and toxicity. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1996 VL 88 IS 10 SU 1 BP 2345 EP 2345 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA VT983 UT WOS:A1996VT98302345 ER PT J AU Hartman, KR AF Hartman, KR TI Microcytic anemia with iron malabsorption. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,MED RES FELLOWSHIP,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1996 VL 88 IS 10 SU 1 BP 2771 EP 2771 PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA VT986 UT WOS:A1996VT98600032 ER PT J AU Reid, TJ LaRussa, VF Kiang, JG Snider, RL Esteban, G Donald, WR Avery, R AF Reid, TJ LaRussa, VF Kiang, JG Snider, RL Esteban, G Donald, WR Avery, R TI Correlation of platelet induced clot retraction with intracellular free calcium concentration. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1996 VL 88 IS 10 SU 1 BP 2923 EP 2923 PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA VT986 UT WOS:A1996VT98600184 ER PT J AU Hill, JM Johnson, K Hoffmeister, K Kaye, F Frame, JN Alving, BM Velasco, PT Lorand, L AF Hill, JM Johnson, K Hoffmeister, K Kaye, F Frame, JN Alving, BM Velasco, PT Lorand, L TI Management of intracerebral hemorrhage secondary to an acquired inhibitor of factor XIII. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL NAVAL MED CTR, DEPT HEMATOL & ONCOL, BETHESDA, MD USA. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES, COAGULAT LAB, WASHINGTON, DC USA. NORTHWESTERN UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT CELL & MOL BIOL, CHICAGO, IL USA. FEINBERG CARDIOVASC RES INST, CHICAGO, IL USA. RI kaye, frederic/E-2437-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1996 VL 88 IS 10 SU 1 BP 3027 EP 3027 PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA VT986 UT WOS:A1996VT98600288 ER PT J AU Trotta, RF Alkins, S Hanzel, G Diehl, LF AF Trotta, RF Alkins, S Hanzel, G Diehl, LF TI Significance of a positive D-dimer in seriously ill patients. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1996 VL 88 IS 10 SU 1 BP 3040 EP 3040 PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA VT986 UT WOS:A1996VT98600301 ER PT J AU Reid, TJ LaRussa, VF Esteban, G Snider, RL Avery, R Hartman, K AF Reid, TJ LaRussa, VF Esteban, G Snider, RL Avery, R Hartman, K TI Platelet induced clot retraction, platelet activation and mean platelet volume: Methods to evaluate cryoprotectant strategies for platelet SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1996 VL 88 IS 10 SU 1 BP 3111 EP 3111 PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA VT986 UT WOS:A1996VT98600372 ER PT J AU Schwartz, GN Rothwell, SW Szabo, JM Halverson, DC Gress, RE AF Schwartz, GN Rothwell, SW Szabo, JM Halverson, DC Gress, RE TI Cytokine pretreated stromal cell layers from normal donor marrow suppressed the production of committed progenitors. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL CANC INST,BETHESDA,MD. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1996 VL 88 IS 10 SU 1 BP 3244 EP 3244 PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA VT986 UT WOS:A1996VT98600505 ER PT J AU Byrd, JC Shields, DS Dow, NS Burrell, L Aguilera, NS Abbondanzo, SL Diehl, LF AF Byrd, JC Shields, DS Dow, NS Burrell, L Aguilera, NS Abbondanzo, SL Diehl, LF TI Unusual transformations in heavily pre-treated patients receiving fludarabine. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1996 VL 88 IS 10 SU 1 BP 3580 EP 3580 PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA VT986 UT WOS:A1996VT98600841 ER PT J AU Williams, HL Korona, T Bukowski, R Jeziorski, B Szalewicz, K AF Williams, HL Korona, T Bukowski, R Jeziorski, B Szalewicz, K TI Helium dimer potential from symmetry-adapted perturbation theory SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; HE-HE; DISPERSION COEFFICIENTS; MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS; INTERACTION ENERGIES; WEAKEST BOND; CONVERGENCE; DIPOLE; MODEL; ATOMS AB The intermolecular potential for the helium dimer has been computed using infinite-order symmetry-adapted perturbation theory and very large orbital and explicitly correlated basis sets. Our potential is significantly deeper than recent literature potentials, After adding the relativistic retardation correction, it accurately reproduces bulk properties of helium, the inclusion of retardation being essential for this agreement. Transport properties and virial coefficients are expected to be accurate enough to calibrate measuring apparatus. C1 ARMY RES LAB,WEAPONS TECHNOL DIRECTORATE,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005. WARSAW UNIV,DEPT CHEM,PL-02093 WARSAW,POLAND. UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,NEWARK,DE 19716. UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Williams, HL (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,NEWARK,DE 19716, USA. RI Korona, Tatiana/E-8290-2011 OI Korona, Tatiana/0000-0001-7169-3412 NR 36 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 1996 VL 262 IS 3-4 BP 431 EP 436 DI 10.1016/0009-2614(96)01078-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA VT117 UT WOS:A1996VT11700041 ER PT J AU Carter, AJ Laird, JR Bailey, LR Hoopes, TG Farb, A Fischell, DR Fischell, RE Fischel, TA Virmani, R AF Carter, AJ Laird, JR Bailey, LR Hoopes, TG Farb, A Fischell, DR Fischell, RE Fischel, TA Virmani, R TI Effects of endovascular radiation from a beta-particle-emitting stent in a porcine coronary restenosis model - A dose-response study SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE stenosis; stents; arteries ID MUSCLE CELL-PROLIFERATION; INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND; BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY; ARTERY DISEASE; IMPLANTATION; HYPERPLASIA AB Background Neointimal formation causes restenosis after intracoronary stent placement. Endovascular radiation delivered via a stent has been shown to reduce neointimal formation after placement in porcine and rabbit iliac arteries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dose-related effects of a beta-particle-emitting radioactive stent in a porcine coronary restenosis model. Methods and Results Thirty-seven swine underwent placement of 35 nonradioactive and 39 beta-particle-emitting stents with activity levels of 23.0, 14.0, 6.0, 3.0, 1.0, 0.5, and 0.15 mu Ci of P-32. Treatment effect was assessed by histological analysis 28 days after stent placement. Neointimal and medial smooth muscle cell density were inversely related to increasing stent activity. The neointima of the high-activity (3.0- to 23.0-mu Ci) scents consisted of fibrin, erythrocytes, occasional inflammatory cells, and smooth muscle cells with partial endothelialization of the luminal surface. In the 1.0-mu Ci stents, the neointima was expanded and consisted of smooth muscle cells and a proteoglycan-rich matrix. The neointima of the low-activity (0.15- and 0.5-mu Ci) stents was composed of smooth muscle cells and matrix with complete endothelialization of the luminal surface. At low and high stent activities, there was a reduction in neointimal area (low, 1.63+/-0.67 mm(2) and high, 1.73+/-0.97 mm(2) versus control, 2.40+/-0.87 mm(2)) and percent area stenosis (low, 26+/-7% and high, 26+/-12%) compared with control stents (37+/-12%, P less than or equal to.01). The 1.0-mu Ci stents, however, had greater neointimal formation (4.67+/-1.50 mm(2)) and more luminal narrowing (64+/-16%) than the control stents (P<.0001). Conclusions The differential response to the doses of continuous beta-particle irradiation used in this experimental model suggests a complex biological interaction of endovascular radiation and vascular repair after stent placement. Further study is required to determine the clinical potential for this therapy to prevent stent restenosis. C1 ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DIV CARDIOL,NASHVILLE,TN 37212. RP Carter, AJ (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,SERV CARDIOL,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 16 TC 97 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 15 PY 1996 VL 94 IS 10 BP 2364 EP 2368 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA VT114 UT WOS:A1996VT11400005 PM 8921774 ER PT J AU Barth, J AF Barth, J TI The truth about money: Because money doesn't come with instructions - Edelman,R SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Barth, J (reprint author), US MIL ACAD LIB,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD NOV 15 PY 1996 VL 121 IS 19 BP 69 EP 69 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA VT342 UT WOS:A1996VT34200128 ER PT J AU Bhattacharjee, AK Karle, JM AF Bhattacharjee, AK Karle, JM TI Molecular electronic properties of a series of 4-quinolinecarbinolamines define antimalarial activity profile SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; SOLVATION MODEL; MEFLOQUINE; MONOLAYERS; AGENTS; DRUGS; AM1 AB A detailed computational study on a series of 4-quinolinecarbinolamine antimalarials was performed using the semiempirical Austin model 1 (AM1) quantum chemical method to correlate the electronic features with antimalarial activity and to illuminate more completely the fundamental molecular level forces that affect the function and utility of the compounds. Ab initio (3-21G level) calculations were performed on mefloquine, the lead compound in this series, to check the reliability of the AM1 method. Electron density in specific regions of the molecules appears to play the pivotal role toward activity. A large laterally extended negative potential in the frontal portion of the nitrogen atom of the quinoline ring and the absence of negative potential over the molecular plane are crucial for the potent antimalarials, These electrostatic features are likely to be the modulator of hydrophobicity or lipophilicity of the compounds and, hence, determine their activities. The magnitude of the positive potential located by the hydroxyl hydrogen atom also correlates with potent antimalarial activity. Two negative potential regions occur near the hydroxyl oxygen and piperidyl nitrogen atoms. The two negative potential regions and the positive potential located by the hydroxyl hydrogen atom are consistent with intermolecular hydrogen bonding with the cellular effecters. The present modeling study should aid in efficient designing of this class of antimalarial agents. C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV EXPT THERAPEUT,DEPT PHARMACOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 39 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD NOV 8 PY 1996 VL 39 IS 23 BP 4622 EP 4629 DI 10.1021/jm960358z PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA VR624 UT WOS:A1996VR62400014 PM 8917651 ER PT J AU Sasaki, J Toyama, P Russell, J Furness, N Spitters, C AF Sasaki, J Toyama, P Russell, J Furness, N Spitters, C TI Update: Influenza activity - Worldwide, 1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 45, pg 816, 1996) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,HONOLULU,HI 96859. SNOHOMISH HLTH DIST,EVERETT,WA. WHO,NATL INFLUENZA CTR,EMERGING & OTHER COMMUNICABLE DIS DIV,GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. CDC,WORLD HLTH ORG COLLABORATING CTR SURVEILLANCE EPI,INFLUENZA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Sasaki, J (reprint author), HAWAII STATE DEPT HLTH,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,1250 PUNCHBOWL ST,HONOLULU,HI 96813, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 6 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 17 BP 1372 EP 1373 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VQ464 UT WOS:A1996VQ46400005 ER PT J AU Hoover, BW Stack, LB AF Hoover, BW Stack, LB TI Acute bilateral blindness SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE blindness; vision; cortical blindness; bilateral blindness; neurology; pulmonary embolism; case report ID CORTICAL BLINDNESS; SUDDEN BLINDNESS AB Acute bilateral blindness is an emergent condition that may signal life-threatening disease. This article details an emergency medicine approach to the patient with acute bilateral blindness, and reports a case of an elderly woman whose sole presenting complaint was acute loss of vision, She was ultimately diagnosed as having pulmonary embolism, The approach focuses on identification of life-threatening disease processes, while differentiating between ocular, psychogenic, and cortical etiologies. C1 BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,JOINT MIL MED CTR,DEPT EMERGENCY MED,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234. VANDERBILT UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT EMERGENCY MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37240. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 3 IS 11 BP 1056 EP 1059 DI 10.1111/j.1553-2712.1996.tb03354.x PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA VR086 UT WOS:A1996VR08600016 PM 8922016 ER PT J AU Burch, HB Burman, KD Reed, HL Buckner, L Raber, T Ownbey, JL AF Burch, HB Burman, KD Reed, HL Buckner, L Raber, T Ownbey, JL TI Fine needle aspiration of thyroid nodules - Determinants of insufficiency rate and malignancy yield at thyroidectomy SO ACTA CYTOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE thyroid neoplasms; aspiration biopsy ID SUPPRESSIVE THERAPY; BIOPSY; DIAGNOSIS; LEVOTHYROXINE; MANAGEMENT; CYTOLOGY; BREAST AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate patient- and practice-specific determinants of the thyroid nodule fine needle aspiration (FNA) insufficiency rate and malignancy yield at a tertiary-care teaching hospital. STUDY DESIGN: All FNAs of thyroid nodules performed from August 1990 to October 1993 at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center Endocrinology Clinic were reviewed and the results analyzed for correlation with surgical outcome, scintiscanning result and operator experience. Provider-specific factors influencing the FNA insufficiency rate, surgical referral pattern and malignancy yield were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 504 aspirations in 422 patients with thyroid nodules were included in the analysis. The sensitivity of FNA for detecting malignancy was 80%, specificity was 73.2%, and accuracy was 75.2%. A significant negative correlation was found between recent aspirator experience and the insufficiency rate. Repeat aspiration of nodules previously yielding benign cytology increased the malignancy yield. Surgical excision of nodules with insufficient aspirations gave a low malignancy yield, and aspiration of nodules that were ''hot'' on scintiscanning rarely yielded false positive FNA results. CONCLUSION: Specific limitations of thyroid nodule FNA include a large number of aspirates containing insufficient cytologic material and a variable malignancy yield. Specific recommendations based on the findings in this report are: the establishment of uniform criteria for judging specimen adequacy, the performance of repent aspiration on thyroid nodules with previously benign aspirates, the abandonment of scintiscanning in the routine management of thyroid nodules and a conservative approach to clinically indolent nodules repeatedly found to have scant cellularity on FNA. Based on these findings, an algorithm for the diagnostic evaluation of a solid thyroid nodule can be constructed. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,BETHESDA,MD 20814. RP Burch, HB (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT MED,ENDOCRINE METAB SERV,KYLE METAB UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 26 TC 69 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA P.O. DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 SN 0001-5547 J9 ACTA CYTOL JI Acta Cytol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1176 EP 1183 PG 8 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA VY541 UT WOS:A1996VY54100010 PM 8960025 ER PT J AU Xiao, SH Shen, BG Horner, J Catto, BA AF Xiao, SH Shen, BG Horner, J Catto, BA TI Tegument changes of Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mansoni in mice treated with artemether SO ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA LA English DT Article DE Schistosoma japonicum; Schistosoma mansoni; artemether; scanning electron microscopy ID PRAZIQUANTEL; INVITRO; INVIVO AB AIM: To study the effect of artemether (Art) on the tegument of schistosomes. METHODS: Mice infected with S japonicum cercariae for 7 and 35 d, or with S mansoni cercariae for 49 d were treated intragastrically with Art 200 - 300 mg . kg(-1) . d(-1) for 2 d. Schistosomes were collected in groups of 2 mice at various intervals after medication for scanning electron microscopic observation. RESULTS: The tegumental changes induced by Art appeared to be similar in S japonicum and S mansoni: swelling and fusion of tegumental surfaces, vesicle formation and collapse of discoid-like sensory structures. In S japonicum the emergence of tegumental alterations was earlier in 7-d-old schistosomulae than that in 35-d-old adult worms CONCLUSION: Art injured the teguments of S japonicum and S mansoni. C1 USA,EISENHOWER MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,FT GORDON,GA 30905. MED COLL GEORGIA,VET ADM MED CTR,AUGUSTA,GA 30904. RP Xiao, SH (reprint author), CHINESE ACAD PREVENT MED,WHO,COLLABORAT CTR MALARIA SCHISTOSOMIASIS & FILARIAS,SHANGHAI 200025,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA PI SHANGHAI PA 294 TAI-YUAN ROAD, SHANGHAI 200031, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0253-9756 J9 ACTA PHARM SINIC JI Acta Pharmacol. Sin. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 17 IS 6 BP 535 EP & PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA VQ485 UT WOS:A1996VQ48500015 ER PT J AU Mayers, D AF Mayers, D TI Rational approaches to resistance: Nucleoside analogues SO AIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Satellite Symposium on Changing Care - Evidence-Based Decisions in HIV and Cytomegalovirus Therapy, at the XI International Conference on AIDS CY JUL 07, 1996 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Hoffmann La Roche DE nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors; zidovudine; resistance; cross-resistance; HIV protease inhibitors ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; HIGH-LEVEL RESISTANCE; HIV-1 REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; POL GENE-MUTATIONS; ZIDOVUDINE RESISTANCE; COMBINATION THERAPY; 2',3'-DIDEOXYCYTIDINE; SENSITIVITY; AZT; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Aim: To review knowledge of drug-resistance patterns to nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors and how this can be used to advantage in patient management. Patterns of resistance: The speed of emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance is dependent on host, viral and drug factors. Resistance to zidovudine develops over months to years, and is associated with mutations in HIV reverse transcriptase at positions 41, 67, 70, 215 and 219. Reductions in susceptibility to didanosine, zalcitabine and stavudine develop more slowly and are lower than those seen with zidovudine. Resistance to lamivudine develops rapidly, in weeks to months; selection of a pre-existing mutated viral strain results in a 1000-fold reduction in susceptibility. There is some cross-resistance between nucleoside antiretroviral agents, particularly among didanosine, zalcitabine and lamivudine. Suppression of resistance: Some agents induce mutations that reverse or suppress zidovudine resistance; combination therapy with these drugs may delay the emergence of multidrug-resistance, but the mutational flexibility of the HIV-1 virus means that drug resistant isolates will eventually develop. Combining HIV protease inhibitors that strongly suppress viral replication with nucleoside inhibitors also delays the emergence of resistance. Conclusions: Widespread use of nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors that incompletely suppress viral replication has led to the emergence of resistant viral strains, with a consequent risk of transmission of drug-resistant virus. Combinations of protease inhibitors and reverse transcriptase inhibitors may slow viral replication sufficiently to prevent generation of resistant virus, to extend the duration of antiviral activity and increase the benefit to patients. C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,ROCKVILLE,MD. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV PY 1996 VL 10 SU 1 BP S9 EP S13 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA VZ585 UT WOS:A1996VZ58500003 PM 8970670 ER PT J AU Dooley, DP Dooley, MM AF Dooley, DP Dooley, MM TI Capsaicin and cajun claw syndrome SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Letter RP Dooley, DP (reprint author), BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD NOV 1 PY 1996 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1890 EP 1890 PG 1 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VR607 UT WOS:A1996VR60700003 PM 8900346 ER PT J AU Keith, B AF Keith, B TI The context of educational opportunity: States and the legislative organization of community college systems SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATION LA English DT Article AB Students' abilities to transfer from community colleges to baccalaureate-granting colleges and universities is an area that has produced considerable discourse during the twentieth century. Recent scholarship suggests that opportunities to transfer depend on the organization and curricular direction of community colleges, an outcome predominately influenced by educational administrators and elected state representatives. This article employs a macrosociological theory of education to explain the legitimation of a contextual framework within which opportunities to transfer become available to students who attend two-year colleges. By examining legislative enactments in the 48 contiguous states, this article finds that the structure of community college systems is not uniform across states. Only a small proportion of states have carefully coordinated local community colleges into statewide systems and incorporated them into their higher-educational systems. Although two factors associated with the creation of state community college systems are identified in this article, they are not found to influence the subsequent coordination of the system with higher education. Instead, the type of governance authority established (public education or higher education) is found to be an important factor in the coordination of community colleges with other higher-educational institutions. Because legislative histories provide a framework with which to identify states' commitments to community college systems and their incorporation into higher education, the article concludes that studies of student opportunities and outcomes must be examined in the context of the state educational systems. RP Keith, B (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0195-6744 J9 AM J EDUC JI Am. J. Educ. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 105 IS 1 BP 67 EP 101 DI 10.1086/444144 PG 35 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA WF797 UT WOS:A1996WF79700003 ER PT J AU Lavery, LA Armstrong, DG Quebedeaux, TL Walker, SC AF Lavery, LA Armstrong, DG Quebedeaux, TL Walker, SC TI Puncture wounds: Normal laboratory values in the face of severe infection in diabetics and non-diabetics SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION-RATE; WHITE BLOOD-CELL; MELLITUS; FOOT; ADULTS AB PURPOSE: Using infected puncture wounds as a basis for comparison, we pose the question of whether white blood cell count (WBC) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is lower in diabetic patients with foot infections as compared with nondiabetic patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This case control study consisted of two groups, both with infected puncture wounds of the foot, admitted to a 700-bed urban university teaching hospital between 1985 and 1992. The experimental group contained 77 patients with diabetes mellitus. The control group consisted of 69 patients without diabetes. All subjects received emergent incision and drainage of the affected site. RESULTS: Results revealed a normal WBC count in 57.6% of patients. The ESR was normal in 36.3% of admissions. More nondiabetic patients presented with normal ESR than diabetic patients (62.3% versus 13.7%, respectively; P <0.0001). Diabetic patients had a significantly higher mean WBC count and ESR than did nondiabetic patients. Pain was the principal complaint more frequently in nondiabetic patients (92.9% NDM versus 70.1% DM, respectively; P <0.005). Erythema (72.7% versus 51.4%; P = 0.008), and drainage (36.4% versus 7.1%; P <0.001) were more common in diabetic patients. CONCLUSION: We conclude that, while a glaringly elevated WBC count or ESR should alert the clinician to the possibility of infection, normal values should not be relied upon to rule out a serious event. (C) 1996 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234. BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,OPERAT SERV,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234. MEXICAN AMER MED TREATMENT EFFECTIVENESS RES CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. RP Lavery, LA (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT ORTHOPAED,7703 FLOYD CURL DR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284, USA. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 101 IS 5 BP 521 EP 525 DI 10.1016/S0002-9343(96)00283-5 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VV792 UT WOS:A1996VV79200012 PM 8948276 ER PT J AU Johnson, JWC Yancey, MK AF Johnson, JWC Yancey, MK TI Weight gain and pregnancy outcome - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,DIV MATERNAL FETAL MED,HONOLULU,HI 96859. RP Johnson, JWC (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,COLL MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,BOX J-294,JHMHC,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 175 IS 5 BP 1396 EP 1397 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(96)70074-1 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA VU514 UT WOS:A1996VU51400058 ER PT J AU Chang, AS Dillingham, TR Yu, KF AF Chang, AS Dillingham, TR Yu, KF TI Statistical methods of computing reference values for side-to-side differences in nerve conduction studies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE statistics; nerve conduction; reference values; side-to-side; normal values; electromyography; reference ranges ID REFLEX AB This study uses theoretic derivations, statistical simulations, and empirical estimations to compare two ways of deriving reference values for side-to-side differences in nerve conduction parameters of healthy subjects. The two methods involve using the side-to-side differences (STSD) and the absolute values of the STSD (AVSTSD). The theoretic derivations showed that the population reference value of the AVSTSD is greater than the STSD reference values by 0.18%. Simulation studies showed that the AVSTSD yields greater sampling errors than the STSD method when establishing the reference values for nerve conduction parameters. However, the sampling variability is substantially reduced by using study samples of greater than 50, and the differences between the two methods in sampling errors ave trivial as sample size approaches 100. Using H reflex (HR) and extensor digitorum brevis reflex (EDBR) clinical data, the two methods were compared. In contrast to the small theoretic differences in reference values, the AVSTSD method overestimated the reference value by 0.5 ms for the EDBR and 0.1 ms for the H reflex, when using data from a population sample, increasing the type II error (reducing sensitivity) far the EDBR. The STSD method is recommended for establishment of normal values and for clinical comparisons. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT PHYS MED & REHABIL,BALTIMORE,MD. NICHHD,BIOMETRY & MATH STAT BRANCH,DIV EPIDEMIOL STAT & PREVENT RES,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Chang, AS (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,RES REVIEW SERV,BLDG 6,ROOM 4046,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0894-9115 J9 AM J PHYS MED REHAB JI Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 75 IS 6 BP 437 EP 442 DI 10.1097/00002060-199611000-00007 PG 6 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA WA783 UT WOS:A1996WA78300006 PM 8985107 ER PT J AU Arciero, RA Scoville, CR Hayda, RA Snyder, RJ AF Arciero, RA Scoville, CR Hayda, RA Snyder, RJ TI The effect of tourniquet use in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction - A prospective, randomized study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PATELLAR TENDON; PNEUMATIC TOURNIQUET; GRACILIS TENDONS; REHABILITATION; MENISCECTOMY; MUSCLE; SEMITENDINOSUS; PARALYSIS; ISCHEMIA AB To evaluate the effect of tourniquet use during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, 40 consecutive patients were randomized into two groups: Group I (tourniquet) and Group II (no tourniquet). Preoperative evaluation included electromyography, measurement of thigh and calf girth, and determination of serum creatinine phosphokinase levels, Initial postoperative evaluations included serial creatinine phosphokinase determinations. At 1 and 6 months postoperatively, the electromyographic examination was repeated and thigh and calf girth measurements were obtained, At 6 months and 1 year after surgery, the following evaluations were made: thigh and calf girth, KT-1000 arthrometric testing, isokinetic testing of quadriceps and hamstring muscles, single-legged hop test for time single-legged hop test for distance, and the Lysholm knee score, In Group I, the tourniquet was inflated for an average of 87 minutes, with an average pressure of 269 mm Kg. At 1 month postoperatively, 6 of 20 patients in Group had positive electromyographic recordings (compared with 2 of 20 in Group II, P = 0.08), At 1 month, thigh girths measured 10 cm proximal to the medial joint line suggested more atrophy in the tourniquet group (P = 0.07), At 6 months, all electromyographic recordings had returned to normal. At 6 months and 1 year postoperatively, girth measurements, isokinetic strength testing, functional testing, KT-1000 arthrometer evaluation, and the Lysholm knee scores were similar for both groups. RP Arciero, RA (reprint author), USA,KELLER ARMY COMMUNITY HLTH HOSP,ORTHOPAED SERV,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 35 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 24 IS 6 BP 758 EP 764 DI 10.1177/036354659602400610 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA VV148 UT WOS:A1996VV14800010 PM 8947397 ER PT J AU Putnak, R Cassidy, K Conforti, N Lee, R Sollazzo, D Truong, T Ing, E Dubois, D Sparkuhl, J Gastle, W Hoke, C AF Putnak, R Cassidy, K Conforti, N Lee, R Sollazzo, D Truong, T Ing, E Dubois, D Sparkuhl, J Gastle, W Hoke, C TI Immunogenic and protective response in mice immunized with a purified, inactivated, dengue-2 virus vaccine prototype made in fetal rhesus lung cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; PRIMARY KIDNEY-CELLS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; SERIAL PASSAGE; CANDIDATE; NEUTRALIZATION; IDENTIFICATION; REACTOGENICITY AB The feasibility of a purified, inactivated vaccine (PIV) against dengue type 2 (DEN-2) virus was explored. Dengue-2 virus strain 16681 was used for producing a monotypic PIV. Virus adapted to fetal. rhesus lung (FRhL-2) cells was harvested from roller bottle culture supernatant fluids, concentrated, and purified on sucrose gradients. Analysis of purified virus preparations by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting showed primarily envelope (E) and premembrane (prM) antigens. These preparations had a purity, estimated from silver-stained gels, of approximately 70%, and a yield, based on recovery of virus and viral antigen, of 10-20%. The purified virus was inactivated with 0.05% formalin at 22 degrees C, or alternatively, with 7 mRads from a Co-60 source. Vaccinated mice developed high titers of anti-DEN-2 virus neutralizing antibody and were partially protected from virus challenge. These results warrant further testing and development of PIVs for the other DEN virus serotypes. C1 MICROBIX BIOSYST INC,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. US FDA,OFF DEVICE EVALUAT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP Putnak, R (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT VIRUS DIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 31 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 55 IS 5 BP 504 EP 510 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA VU702 UT WOS:A1996VU70200009 PM 8940981 ER PT J AU Eamsila, C Singsawat, P Duangvaraporn, A Strickman, D AF Eamsila, C Singsawat, P Duangvaraporn, A Strickman, D TI Antibodies to Orientia tsutsugamushi in Thai soldiers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI AB Thai soldiers who were conscripted, Royal Thai Army forces, professional Border Patrol Police, or local militia (Thai Rangers) located in any of seven provinces of Thailand were bled in April and again, four months later, in July 1989. In 1991, soldiers from five different locations in southern Thailand were bled once, in July. Serum samples were tested by indirect fluorescent antibody assay for antibody to Orientia (formerly Rickettsia) tsutsugamushi, etiologic agent of scrub typhus, with any titer greater than or equal to 1:50 considered positive. Prior to field exercises, prevalence of antibody varied significantly between different types of units, ranging between 18.6% for Thai Rangers and 6.8% for the Royal Thai Army. The April prevalence, July prevalence, and incidence varied significantly by province in 1989, with highest incidence being 14.5% in Kanchanaburi and the lowest 0% in Utraladit. The prevalence in southern Thailand in 1991 varied between 1.6% and 6.8%. The data demonstrate that O. tsutsugamushi is widely distributed in Thailand and that military activity consisting of field exercises that simulate combat conditions significantly expose soldiers to infection. C1 ARMED FORCES RES INST MED SCI,PLAN & PROJECT DEPT,BANGKOK 10400,THAILAND. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT RICKETTSIAL DIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP Eamsila, C (reprint author), ARMED FORCES RES INST MED SCI,DIV RES,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BANGKOK 10400,THAILAND. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 55 IS 5 BP 556 EP 559 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA VU702 UT WOS:A1996VU70200017 PM 8940989 ER PT J AU Gott, PE Tieva, MH Barcia, PJ LaBerge, JM AF Gott, PE Tieva, MH Barcia, PJ LaBerge, JM TI Biliary access procedure in the management of oriental cholangiohepatitis SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article ID RECURRENT PYOGENIC CHOLANGITIS; INTRAHEPATIC STONES; FLEXIBLE CHOLEDOCHOSCOPY; HEPATOLITHIASIS; LITHOTRIPSY AB The objective was to review the treatment of oriental cholangiohepatitis using a combined approach of surgical access to the biliary tree with a cutaneous choledochoenteric conduit and interventional radiology to remove intrahepatic stones and dilate biliary strictures. Design was a retrospective case series. Oriental cholangiohepatitis is a condition marked by intrahepatic strictures and extensive formation of pigmented stones leading to recurrent biliary sepsis and hepatic abscesses. It is a common condition in southeast Asia and is seen with increasing frequency in Western populations due to Asian immigration. Ten patients were treated at Tripler Army Medical Center from 1986 to 1994. Tripler is a 500 bed tertiary referral center located in Honolulu, Hawaii, and serves the military community in the Pacific basin as well as beneficiaries of the Trust Territories of Micronesia. Patients underwent cholecystectomy and formation of a Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy with a lateral limb that was brought out as a cutaneous stoma. After 4 weeks of healing; the intestinal conduit was used by the interventional radiologist;to extract retained Stones and dilate strictures using a variety of techniques. This was easily performed under light sedation. after completion of therapy, the stoma was closed and buried subcutaneously, This retains the option for accessing the conduit percutaneously or reopening the stoma if necessary for recurrence. Resolution of symptoms and radiologic clearance of intrahepatic stones, biliary strictures, and hepatic abscesses were the main outcome measures. Eight patients underwent the biliary access' procedure and had clearance of stones and strictures after one to 10 interventional sessions. There was no major morbidity associated with treatment. No patient required liver resection, and there was resolution the hepatic abscesses in all cases. The access procedure could not be completed in one patient due to extensive:,adhesions; this-patient was sucessfully treated by endoscopic retrograde cannulation of the biliary duct. Another patient was treated by the same method on several occasions and never referred to surgery. A combined approach using surgical access to the biliary tree and interventional radiology offers effective treatment of oriental cholangiohepatitis without the need for hepatic resection. C1 TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT GEN SURG,HONOLULU,HI 96859. TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT INTERVENT RADIOL,HONOLULU,HI 96859. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 1776 PEACHTREE RD, NW., SUITE 410N, ATLANTA, GA 30309-2352 SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 62 IS 11 BP 930 EP 934 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA VP511 UT WOS:A1996VP51100011 PM 8895715 ER PT J AU Karan, SM Lojeski, EW AF Karan, SM Lojeski, EW TI Skeletal muscle is responsible for heat production in porcine malignant hyperthermia SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Letter ID PIGS C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP Karan, SM (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,F EDWARD HERBERT SCH MED,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 83 IS 5 BP 1133 EP 1134 PG 2 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA VQ096 UT WOS:A1996VQ09600056 PM 8895310 ER PT J AU Topf, AI Eclavea, A AF Topf, AI Eclavea, A TI Extubation of the difficult airway SO ANESTHESIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID TRACHEAL C1 TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,HONOLULU,HI 96859. RP Topf, AI (reprint author), TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,MCHK-DSA,1 JARRETT WHITE RD,HONOLULU,HI 96859, USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0003-3022 J9 ANESTHESIOLOGY JI Anesthesiology PD NOV PY 1996 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1213 EP 1214 DI 10.1097/00000542-199611000-00043 PG 2 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA VT350 UT WOS:A1996VT35000045 PM 8916849 ER PT J AU Kazragis, RJ Dever, LL Jorgensen, JH Barbour, AG AF Kazragis, RJ Dever, LL Jorgensen, JH Barbour, AG TI In vivo activities of ceftriaxone and vancomycin against Borrelia spp in the mouse brain and other sites SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; INVIVO SUSCEPTIBILITY; IN-VITRO; BURGDORFERI; INVITRO; PHARMACOKINETICS; TEICOPLANIN AB Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, and B. turicatae, a neurotropic agent of relapsing fever, are susceptible to vancomycin in vitro, with an MIC of 0.5 mu g/ml. To determine the activity of vancomycin in vivo, particularly in the brain, we infected adult immunocompetent BALB/c and immunodeficient CB-17 scid mice with B. burgdorferi or B. turicatae, The mice were then treated with vancomycin, ceftriaxone as a positive control, or normal saline as a negative control, The effectiveness of treatment was assessed by cultures of blood and brain and other tissues, Ceftriaxone at a dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight administered every 12 h for 7 to 10 days eliminated cultivable B. burgdorferi or B. turicatae from all BALB/c or scid mice in the study, Vancomycin at 30 mg/kg administered every 12 h was effective in eliminating infection from immunodeficient mice if treatment was started within 3 days of the onset of infection, If treatment with vancomycin was delayed for 7 days or more, vancomycin failed to eradicate infection with B. burgdorferi or B. turicatae from immunodeficient mice. The failure of vancomycin in eradicating established infections in immunodeficient mice was associated with the persistence of viable spirochetes in the brain during antibiotic treatment. C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MED INFECT DIS,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PATHOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,DEPT MED,INFECT DIS SERV,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78234. RI Barbour, Alan/B-3160-2009 OI Barbour, Alan/0000-0002-0719-5248 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI37248] NR 36 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 40 IS 11 BP 2632 EP 2636 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA VQ870 UT WOS:A1996VQ87000036 PM 8913478 ER PT J AU Lachica, RV AF Lachica, RV TI Hemolytic activity reevaluation of putative nonpathogenic Listeria monocytogenes strains SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID API LISTERIA; MICE; PATHOGENICITY; COLONIES; SYSTEM AB Identification of 12 strains originally characterized as nonpathogenic Listeria monocytogenes was reassessed following the evaluation of their hemolytic capability with a newly developed horse blood agar plate. Seven of the strains were observed consistently to be hemolytic and confirmed as L. monocytogenes with the use of two commercial systems: the Gene-Trak L. monocytogenes-specific colorimetric DNA hybridization assay and the API Listeria system. Except for one strain that formed typical smooth colonies, these hemolytic strains formed rough colonies on a selective medium, lithium chloride-ceftazidime agar. The rest of the strains were nonhemolytic and did not hybridize with the DNA probe; they were identified as Listeria innocua on the basis of their API Listeria system biochemical profile. All but one of these nonhemolytic strains formed smooth colonies on lithium chloride-ceftazidime agar. RP Lachica, RV (reprint author), USA,SOLDIER SYST COMMAND,NATICK RES DEV & ENGN CTR,NATICK,MA 01760, USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 62 IS 11 BP 4293 EP 4295 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA VQ859 UT WOS:A1996VQ85900066 PM 8984907 ER PT J AU Hill, SC Saleheen, HI Barnes, MD Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM AF Hill, SC Saleheen, HI Barnes, MD Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM TI Modeling fluorescence collection from single molecules in microspheres: Effects of position, orientation, and frequency SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE fluorescence; single-molecule detection; spheres ID SPONTANEOUS-EMISSION RATES; DIELECTRIC MICROSPHERES; OPTICAL CAVITIES; SMALL PARTICLES; MICRODROPLETS; SCATTERING; MICROPARTICLE; RHODAMINE-6G; RADIATION; RESONANCE AB We present calculations of fluorescence from single molecules (modeled as damped oscillating dipoles) inside a dielectric sphere. For an excited molecule at an arbitrary position within the sphere we calculate the fluorescence intensity collected by an objective in some well-defined detection geometry. We find that, for the cases we model, integration over the emission linewidth of the molecule is essential for obtaining representative results. Effects such as dipole position and orientation, numerical aperture of the collection objective, sphere size, emission wavelength, and linewidth are examined. These results are applicable to single-molecule detection techniques employing microdroplets. (C) 1996 Optical Society of America C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Hill, SC (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,2800 POWDER MILL RD,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 31 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 1996 VL 35 IS 31 BP 6278 EP 6288 DI 10.1364/AO.35.006278 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA VP971 UT WOS:A1996VP97100029 PM 21127654 ER PT J AU Gerardi, GJ Poindexter, EH Keeble, DJ AF Gerardi, GJ Poindexter, EH Keeble, DJ TI Paramagnetic centers and dopant excitation in crystalline silicon carbide SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE dopant excitation; silicon carbide EPR; SiC defects; SiC dopants; wide-bandgap semiconductors AB Impurities, point defects, and dopant excitation in SiC have been examined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The pervasive nitrogen n-type dopant was found to show a substantial photoenhancement, not due to generation of carrier pairs, Aluminum in Al-doped SiC showed a strong EPK signal below 4 K, which disappeared as the sample was warmed to 10 K, because of the onset of impurity band conduction, The Al EPR signal intensity depends on the degree of compensation, Boron EPR appeared in samples where excess Al counteracts the compensation of B ions by N dopant. Hydrogen plasma anneal at 250 degrees C partially passivated Al: however, extended heating in vacuum, expected to depassivate, actually further decreased the Al signal, Abrasion damage produced a featureless. isotropic signal suggestive of the hulk damage signal in Si, indicating dangling C or Si orbitals. An oxide interface signal, in analogy to P-b of oxidized Si, was not isolated; the observed signal included a damage-like line. C1 USA,RES LAB,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703. WILLIAM PATERSON COLL NEW JERSEY,DEPT CHEM & PHYS,WAYNE,NJ 07470. UNIV DUNDEE,DEPT APPL PHYS & ELECT & MECH ENGN,DUNDEE DD1 4HN,SCOTLAND. RI Keeble, David /C-6633-2012 OI Keeble, David /0000-0002-5378-799X NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA PO BOX 1438, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 50 IS 11 BP 1428 EP 1434 DI 10.1366/0003702963904755 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA VX488 UT WOS:A1996VX48800020 ER PT J AU Jackson, MR MacPhee, MJ Drohan, WN Alving, BM AF Jackson, MR MacPhee, MJ Drohan, WN Alving, BM TI Fibrin sealant: Current and potential clinical applications SO BLOOD COAGULATION & FIBRINOLYSIS LA English DT Review DE fibrin glue; review; hemostatic agents ID BOVINE THROMBIN; FACTOR-V; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; PEPTIC-ULCER; GLUE; SURGERY; ANTIBODIES; EMBOLIZATION; INHIBITORS; PREVENTION AB There are few well-controlled studies of the clinical efficacy of fibrin sealant, defined by lives saved or reduced need for blood transfusions. Evaluation of fibrin sealant in trauma situations, e.g. liver laceration, has been difficult to perform. Only recently has fibrin sealant been actively promoted by US manufacturers as a commercially valuable alternative to the relatively inexpensive crude bovine thrombin and cryoprecipitate that are in current use. Regulatory agencies and manufacturers are aware that patients in the USA are receiving a suboptimal form of fibrin glue since cryoprecipitate is not virally inactivated and has a variable fibrinogen concentration. In addition, bovine thrombin is not regulated with respect to factor V content or any other impurities. During the past year regulatory agencies, together with manufacturers and clinicians, have begun to define clinically valid endpoints for efficacy of a commercially prepared fibrin sealant. These may include improvement in hemostasis compared with a placebo or agents considered to be 'standard of care'. Thus, the regulatory agencies may be willing to consider studies in animals that demonstrate efficacy as well as surrogate endpoints, such as reduced factor concentrate requirements in patients with severe hemophilia requiring dental extraction. As fibrin sealant becomes available in a liquid and potentially in a bandage form, it may also become an essential matrix for recombinant factors that can affect endothelial function. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,VASC SURG SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. AMER RED CROSS,HOLLAND LABS,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855. RP Jackson, MR (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT HEMATOL & VASC BIOL,6800 GEORGIA AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 56 TC 84 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 6 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0957-5235 J9 BLOOD COAGUL FIBRIN JI Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis PD NOV PY 1996 VL 7 IS 8 BP 737 EP 746 DI 10.1097/00001721-199611000-00001 PG 10 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA WE794 UT WOS:A1996WE79400001 PM 9034553 ER PT J AU TejaIsavadharm, P Nosten, F Kyle, DE Luxemburger, C TerKuile, F Peggins, JO Brewer, TG White, NJ AF TejaIsavadharm, P Nosten, F Kyle, DE Luxemburger, C TerKuile, F Peggins, JO Brewer, TG White, NJ TI Comparative bioavailability of oral, rectal, and intramuscular artemether in healthy subjects: Use of simultaneous measurement by high performance liquid chromatography and bioassay SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE artemether dihydroartemisinin; bioavailability; pharmacokinetics; malaria; pharmacodynamics ID FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; METABOLITE DIHYDROARTEMISININ; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ARTEMISININ; ARTESUNATE; PHARMACOKINETICS; COMBINATION; MEFLOQUINE; PLASMA AB 1 The pharmacokinetic and effect kinetic properties of oral (p.o.), intramuscular (i.m.), and intrarectal (i.r.) artemether (5 mg kg(-1)) were compared in a cross-over study in eight healthy adult volunteers. Plasma concentrations of artemether (AM) and its active metabolite dihydroartemisinin (DHA) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography with reductive mode electrochemical detection (h.p.l.c.-ECD), and plasma antimalarial activity in vitro (effect) was assessed on the same samples by a sensitive bioassay (BA). 2 Artemether was absorbed rapidly after oral administration with a mean (95% CI) C-max for the parent compound of 406 (249 to 561) nmol l(-1) and for DHA of 1009 (639 to 1379) nmol l(-1) with t(max) values of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.2) and 1.8 (1.4 to 2.2) h respectively. The mean (95% CI) elimination half-life of AM was 2.6 (1.8 to 3.4) h and for DHA was 1.9 (1.4 to 2.4) h. Plasma concentration and effect profiles with h.p.l.c.-ECD and BA were similar suggesting that other unidentified bioactive metabolites contributed little to antimalarial activity in vivo. 3 Absorption was slower, more variable, and DHA concentrations were lower following the i.m. and i.r. routes of administration. The mean (95% CI) relative bioavailability compared with oral artemether in the 6 h following administration AUC(0,6h) was 25 (9 to 41)% following i.m. and 35 (10 to 60)% following i.r. artemether. 4 These data demonstrate that oral artemether undergoes extensive first pass metabolism to the more active metabolite DHA. Plasma antimalarial activity following oral administration is significantly greater than following i.m. administration. The i.r. route of administration provided similar bioavailability to i.m. injection but there was considerable variability in absorption following both routes. Further studies are needed to determine whether i.r. artemether would be an effective treatment of severe malaria in the rural tropics in situations where oral or parenteral administration is not possible. C1 MAHIDOL UNIV,FAC TROP MED,BANGKOK 10400,THAILAND. ARMED FORCES RES INST MED SCI,USA,MED COMPONENT,DEPT IMMUNOL & PARASITOL,BANGKOK 10400,THAILAND. SHOKLO MALARIA RES UNIT,MAE SOT,THAILAND. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV EXPT THERAPEUT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. UNIV OXFORD,NUFFIELD DEPT MED,CTR TROP MED,OXFORD OX1 2JD,ENGLAND. RI White, Nicholas/I-4629-2012; OI Nosten, Francois/0000-0002-7951-0745 FU Wellcome Trust NR 19 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0306-5251 J9 BRIT J CLIN PHARMACO JI Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 42 IS 5 BP 599 EP 604 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1996.tb00115.x PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA VU618 UT WOS:A1996VU61800010 PM 8951191 ER PT J AU Mather, B AF Mather, B TI Ettringite technology SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Letter RP Mather, B (reprint author), CORPS ENGINEERS,STRUCT LAB,WATERWAYS EXPT STN,CLARKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0008-8846 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1745 EP 1745 DI 10.1016/S0008-8846(96)00165-2 PG 1 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA VT316 UT WOS:A1996VT31600015 ER PT J AU Carbello, AV AF Carbello, AV TI Role of the human senses in food behavior .4. Smell SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material ID ODOR RP Carbello, AV (reprint author), USA,NATICK RES DEV & ENGN CTR,NATICK,MA 01760, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 41 IS 11 BP 884 EP 886 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA VY478 UT WOS:A1996VY47800011 ER PT J AU Lum, GH Poropatich, RK AF Lum, GH Poropatich, RK TI Unilateral pleural thickening SO CHEST LA English DT Article ID SARCOIDOSIS; EFFUSION RP Lum, GH (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,PULM & CRIT CARE MED SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD NOV PY 1996 VL 110 IS 5 BP 1348 EP 1350 PG 3 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA VR835 UT WOS:A1996VR83500042 PM 8915244 ER PT J AU Maulik, N Engelman, DT Watanabe, M Engelman, RM Rousou, JA Flack, JE Deaton, DW Gorbunov, NV Elsayed, NM Kagan, VE Das, DK AF Maulik, N Engelman, DT Watanabe, M Engelman, RM Rousou, JA Flack, JE Deaton, DW Gorbunov, NV Elsayed, NM Kagan, VE Das, DK TI Nitric oxide carbon monoxide - A molecular switch for myocardial preservation during ischemia SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE nitric oxide; carbon monoxide; ischemia; reperfusion; heme oxygenase ID SOLUBLE GUANYLATE-CYCLASE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; REPERFUSION INJURY; L-ARGININE; PHOSPHOLIPASE INHIBITOR; ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; TISSUE PREPARATIONS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RAT-HEART; OXIDE AB Background In heart, NO is produced from L-arginine catalyzed by NO synthase, and CO is formed during the conversion of bilirubin from heme by the action of heme oxygenase. NO, which exerts its biological actions through cGMP and heme, has recently been implicated in myocardial protection during ischemia and reperfusion. We hypothesized that the intracellular signaling by NO may be modulated by heme oxygenase. Methods and Results To test this hypothesis, isolated rat hearts were perfused for 10 minutes with one of the following: (1) buffer alone; (2) 3 mmol/L L-arginine, a precursor for NO; (3) 650 mu mol/L zinc protoporphyrin, a heme oxygenase inhibitor; (4) 3 mmol/L L-arginine plus 650 mu mol/L zinc protoporphyrin; (5) 15 mu mol/L methylene blue, a cGMP inhibitor; or (6) 3 mmol/L L-arginine plus 15 mu mol/L methylene blue. Hearts were then made ischemic for 30 minutes, followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. L-Arginine afforded significant myocardial protection, as evidenced by increased developed pressure (DP) (53.3 +/- 4.3 versus 35.2 +/- 1.8 for control), dP/dt(max) (2405 +/- 125 versus 1758 +/- 117 for control), aortic flow (23.0 +/- 1.5 versus 9.4 +/- 1.6 for control), and coronary flow (CF) (23.0 +/- 0.8 versus 19.0 +/- 1.6 for control) at the end of reperfusion. Protoporphyrin tended to reduce these values compared with L-arginine alone (DP, 27.5 +/- 1.4; dP/dt(max), 1400 +/- 78; CF, 17 +/- 0.5), suggesting a contribution of heme oxygenase in addition to NO for myocardial preservation. Increased mRNAs for the heme oxygenase were noticed in the ischemic reperfused myocardium. Contents of cGMP, the second messenger for NO signaling, increased in the L-arginine group (1.6 +/- 0.1 versus 1.1 +/- 0.1 for control) and were reduced by protoporphyrin. cGMP was completely inhibited by methylene blue, which also retarded postischemic myocardial functional recovery. Malonaldehyde formation, a presumptive marker for free radical generation, was decreased in the L-arginine group (0.053 +/- 0.003) compared with control (0.089 +/- 0.005) but was increased in the protoporphyrin group (0.09 +/- 0.003) compared with the L-arginine group. In vitro studies demonstrated that NO was able to reduce the reactive oxygen species produced by myoglobin, especially oxoferrylmyoglobin, which either are present in heart or are formed in high concentrations during the reperfusion of ischemic myocardium. Conclusions The results suggest that NO contributes to myocardial preservation by both cGMP-dependent and cGMP-independent mechanisms, the former being modulated by CO signaling and the latter by virtue of its antioxidant action. C1 BAYSTATE MED CTR,DEPT SURG,SPRINGFIELD,MA 01107. UNIV PITTSBURGH,DEPT ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT HLTH,PITTSBURGH,PA. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Maulik, N (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,SCH MED,DEPT SURG,MOL CARDIOL LAB,FARMINGTON,CT 06030, USA. NR 41 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 1 PY 1996 VL 94 IS 9 SU S BP 398 EP 406 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA VP690 UT WOS:A1996VP69000072 ER PT J AU Kovacs, B Thomas, DE Tsokos, GC AF Kovacs, B Thomas, DE Tsokos, GC TI Elevated in vivo expression of the costimulatory molecule B7-BB1 (CD80) on antigen presenting cells from a patient with SLE SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SLE; antigen presenting cells; costimulation; activation ID T-CELLS; B7; ACTIVATION; B7/BB1; LUPUS AB The CD28/CTLA4-B7-family plays an important role in T-cell costimulation and is crucial for IL-2 production and tolerance induction. The costimulatory molecule B7-BB1 (CD80) is expressed on activated antigen presenting cells, but its expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells is very low. Here we report a patient with untreated SLE whose peripheral blood antigen presenting cells expressed increased amounts of B7-BB1. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT CLIN PHYSIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DIV RHEUMATOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CLINICAL & EXPER RHEUMATOLOGY PI PISA PA VIA SANTA MARIA 31, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 0392-856X J9 CLIN EXP RHEUMATOL JI Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 14 IS 6 BP 695 EP 697 PG 3 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA VZ385 UT WOS:A1996VZ38500021 PM 8978970 ER PT J AU Kantipong, P Watt, G Jongsakul, K AF Kantipong, P Watt, G Jongsakul, K TI Infection with human immunodeficiency virus does not influence the clinical severity of scrub typhus SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID AIDS AB Infection by Orientia (formerly Rickettsia) tsutsugamushi causes scrub typhus, a severe febrile disease common in Asia, Both scrub typhus and AIDS are prevalent in northern Thailand, Therefore, we prospectively investigated the impact of infection due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on the severity of the clinical syndrome produced by O. tsutsugamushi, The severity of scrub typhus was objectively graded on admission of patients to the hospital, and serologies for antibodies to HIV were performed. Fourteen (16%) of 86 patients with scrub typhus were infected with HIV; the median T helper cell count was 70/mm(3). There were no significant differences between HIV-infected patients and non-HIV-infected patients in severity scores or other admission characteristics. O. tsutsugamushi was isolated in blood samples from 48.6% of patients without HN infection and in blood samples from 14.3% of HIV-infected patients (P < .05, chi(2) test), The clinical manifestations of O. tsutsugamushi infection, unlike those due to some other intracellular pathogens, are not unusually severe in immunocompromised patients with AIDS. C1 ARMED FORCES RES INST MED SCI,DEPT MED,USA COMPONENT,BANGKOK 10400,THAILAND. CHIANGRAI REG HOSP,DEPT MED,CHIANGRAI,THAILAND. AFRIMS,ROYAL THAI ARMY COMPONENT,DEPT PATHOL,BANGKOK,THAILAND. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1168 EP 1170 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VQ906 UT WOS:A1996VQ90600038 PM 8922820 ER PT J AU Smith, KL Wilson, M Hightower, AW Kelley, PW Struewing, JP Juranek, DD McAuley, JB AF Smith, KL Wilson, M Hightower, AW Kelley, PW Struewing, JP Juranek, DD McAuley, JB TI Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in US Military recruits in 1989: Comparison with data published in 1965 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; PREGNANT-WOMEN C1 STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV PREVENT MED,ADV PREVENT MED STUDIES BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC. USN,ENVIRONM & PREVENT MED UNIT 5,SAN DIEGO,CA. RI Struewing, Jeffery/C-3221-2008; Struewing, Jeffery/I-7502-2013 OI Struewing, Jeffery/0000-0002-4848-3334 NR 10 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1182 EP 1183 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VQ906 UT WOS:A1996VQ90600046 PM 8922828 ER PT J AU Blair, JRS Mutchler, D VanLent, M AF Blair, JRS Mutchler, D VanLent, M TI Perfect recall and pruning in games with imperfect information (vol 12, pg 131, 1996) SO COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Correction, Addition DE game tree; imperfect information; perfect recall; heuristic search; pruning; alpha-beta; IMP-minimax; IMP-alpha-beta; NP-hard; NP-complete ID CONSPIRACY NUMBERS; CHAMPIONSHIP; SEARCH AB Games with imperfect information are an interesting and important class of games. They include most card games (e.g., bridge and poker) as well as many economic and political models. Here we investigate algorithms for finding the simplest form of a solution (a pure-strategy equilibrium point) to imperfect information games expressed in their extensive (game tree) form. We introduce to the artificial intelligence community a classic algorithm, due to Wilson, that solves one-player games with perfect recall. Wilson's algorithm, which we call IMP-minimax, runs in time linear in the size of the game-tree searched. In contrast to Wilson's result, Koller and Meggido have shown that finding a pure-strategy equilibrium point in one-player games without perfect recall is NP-hard. Here, we provide another contrast to Wilson's result-we show that in games with perfect recall but more than one player, finding a pure-strategy equilibrium point, given that such an equilibrium point exists, is NP-hard. Our second contribution is to present a pruning technique for Wilson's IMP-minimax algorithm to make the latter more tractable. We call this new algorithm IMP-alpha-beta. We provide a theoretical framework (model) and analyze IMP-alpha-beta in that model. IMP-alpha-beta is of direct value for one-player, perfect-recall games. It also has strong potential for other imperfect information games, as it is a natural (but as yet untested) heuristic in those cases. C1 ROSE HULMAN INST TECHNOL,DEPT COMP SCI,TERRE HAUTE,IN 47803. UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP Blair, JRS (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02148-5023 SN 0824-7935 J9 COMPUT INTELL JI Comput. Intell. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 12 IS 4 BP 131 EP 154 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00256.x PG 24 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA VX373 UT WOS:A1996VX37300004 ER PT J AU Saether, E AF Saether, E TI An explicit plane quadrilateral element for nonlinear material analysis SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID ADMISSIBLE MATRIX FORMULATION; HYBRID STRESS METHOD AB A general methodology for deriving explicit element stiffness matrices in hybrid stress formulations is extended to incorporate nonconstant material properties over the element domain for nonlinear elastic analysis. The technique utilizes special stress held transformations to simplify the stiffness definition together with an assumed variation of material properties using isoparametric interpolation functions. The developed technique eliminates the need for numerical integration and matrix inversions, resulting in a substantial increase in computation efficiency. The methodology is demonstrated with the Pian-Sumihara plane quadrilateral element. RP Saether, E (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21805, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 61 IS 3 BP 529 EP 538 DI 10.1016/0045-7949(96)00062-4 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA VE442 UT WOS:A1996VE44200013 ER PT J AU Laws, RA English, JC Elston, DM AF Laws, RA English, JC Elston, DM TI Acrospiroma: A case report and review SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID ECCRINE ACROSPIROMA AB Acrospiromas are cutaneous tumors of sweat duct differentiation. They usually present as slowly enlarging 1 to 2 cm nodules in middle-aged or older adults without site predilection On histologic examination they are multilobular dermal masses composed of a biphasic cell population. Acrospiromas are benign, and treatment consists of surgical excision. RP Laws, RA (reprint author), BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,DEPT MED,DERMATOL SERV,BLDG 3600,3851 ROGER BROOKE DR,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD NOV PY 1996 VL 58 IS 5 BP 349 EP 351 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA VT992 UT WOS:A1996VT99200007 PM 8934076 ER PT J AU Pattanapanyasat, K Yongvanitchit, K Heppner, DG Tongtawe, P Kyle, DE Webster, HK AF Pattanapanyasat, K Yongvanitchit, K Heppner, DG Tongtawe, P Kyle, DE Webster, HK TI Culture of malaria parasites in two different red blood cell populations using biotin and flow cytometry SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE hemoglobin H; hydroethidine; Plasmodium falciparum; propidium iodide; red cell genetic defects; streptavidin; thalassemia ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; THALASSEMIC ERYTHROCYTES; ALPHA-THALASSEMIA; INVITRO GROWTH; SUSCEPTIBILITY; HEMOGLOBIN; DEFICIENCY AB A novel culture system using biotin/streptavidin and now cytometry was developed to compare maturation and growth rates in Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites in two distinct red blood cell (RBC) populations, Biotin was used to label a selected RBC population which was then mixed with another distinct unbiotinylated RBC population, P.falciparum-infected RBCs were used to initiate co-cultures followed over 2-3 schizogonic growth cycles, Go-cultures were harvested and stained with streptavidin-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) followed by fixation and staining of parasite DNA, The combination of biotin/streptavidin-FITC and DNA fluorochrome enabled simultaneous now cytometric analysis of the two different RBC populations and of the parasitemias in each RBC population, we then used this system to study the in vitro susceptibility of RBCs from individuals with hemoglobin H (Hb H) disease to infection and growth of P.falciparum. Significant reduction in parasite multiplication was found in Hb H RBCs as compared with that in normal RBCs. This novel malaria culture system offers two major innovations: a method to compare directly the relative ability of any two red blood cell populations to support malaria parasite invasion and development under identical conditions, and a critical reduction in the volume of blood and reagents needed to assess parasite growth. The application of biotin-labeled RBCs in the now cytometric analysis of parasite development may offer new insights in studies of the relationship between RBC defects and susceptibility to malaria parasites. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 SIRIRAJ HOSP,FAC MED,DIV INSTRUMENTS RES,BANGKOK 10700,THAILAND. USA,RES INST MED SCI,DEPT IMMUNOL & PARASITOL,MED COMPONENT,BANGKOK,THAILAND. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV EXPT THERAPEUT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. BECTON DICKINSON IMMUNOCYTOMETRY SYST,SINGAPORE,SINGAPORE. RP Pattanapanyasat, K (reprint author), SIRIRAJ HOSP,FAC MED,OFF RES & DEV,THALASSEMIA CTR,BANGKOK 10700,THAILAND. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD NOV 1 PY 1996 VL 25 IS 3 BP 287 EP 294 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0320(19961101)25:3<287::AID-CYTO10>3.0.CO;2-S PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA VR314 UT WOS:A1996VR31400010 PM 8914826 ER PT J AU Kadakia, SC DeLaBaume, HR Shaffer, RT AF Kadakia, SC DeLaBaume, HR Shaffer, RT TI Effects of transdermal nicotine on lower esophageal sphincter and esophageal motility SO DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE nicotine; esophageal motility; lower esophageal sphincter pressure; cigarette smoking; transdermal nicotine patch ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; DISEASE; ALCOHOL AB Cigarette smoking has been shown to decrease lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) by 19-42%. This decrease in LESP may be due to nicotine in the cigarette smoke or substances other than nicotine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a nicotine patch on esophageal motility since nicotine patches are devoid of ail toxins present in the cigarette smoke except the nicotine. Ten healthy nonsmoking volunteers underwent baseline esophageal manometry. Esophageal manometry was repeated after placing a nicotine transdermal patch (Nicotrol) designed to deliver 15 mg of nicotine per day. The parameters that were compared included LESP by rapid pull-through (LESP-RPT) and station pull-through (LESP-SPT), LES relaxation, and velocity, amplitude, and duration of esophageal contractions. Plasma nicotine and cotinine levels were measured prior to baseline manometry and after 12 hr of placing the nicotine patch. the LESP-RPT decreased by 31% from 17.4 +/- 6.1 to 12.1 +/- 3.3 (P = 0.013) and the LESP-SPT by 27% from 13.4 +/- 5.4 to 9.8 +/- 4.8 (P = 0.029) after the nicotine patch. LES relaxation was present in 100% before and after nicotine patch. There were no significant differences in velocity, duration, and amplitude of esophageal contractions after the nicotine patch. Plasma nicotine and cotinine was absent in all subjects at baseline but was significantly elevated after 12 hr of nicotine patch. Transdermal delivery of nicotine results in a significant reduction in LESP in healthy subjects without effecting LES relaxation or esophageal body motility. RP Kadakia, SC (reprint author), BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,DEPT MED,GASTROENTEROL SERV,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78234, USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0163-2116 J9 DIGEST DIS SCI JI Dig. Dis. Sci. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 41 IS 11 BP 2130 EP 2134 DI 10.1007/BF02071391 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA VU837 UT WOS:A1996VU83700003 PM 8943963 ER PT J AU Levin, L Caswell, H Bridges, T DiBacco, C Cabrera, D Plaia, G AF Levin, L Caswell, H Bridges, T DiBacco, C Cabrera, D Plaia, G TI Demographic responses of estuarine polychaetes to pollutants: Life table response experiments SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE age at maturity; Capitella sp I; eutrophication; hydrocarbons; matrix population models; organic enrichment; pollution; polychaetes; population growth rate; sensitivity; sewage; Streblospio benedicti ID POPULATION-GROWTH RATE; NEANTHES-ARENACEODENTATA POLYCHAETA; STREBLOSPIO-BENEDICTI WEBSTER; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT; CAPITELLA-CAPITATA; ORGANIC ENRICHMENT; CHRONIC TOXICITY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; HISTORY TRAITS; COMMUNITY AB Capitella sp. I and Streblospio benedicti are infaunal, deposit-feeding polychaetes that occur in estuaries and littoral wetlands throughout much of the United States. Life table response experiments (sensu Caswell 1989a) were carried out in the laboratory to compare the demographic responses of these species to three common sources of estuarine contamination or enrichment: sewage (Milorganite), blue-green algae (Spirulina sp,), and hydrocarbons (No. 2 fuel oil). Life table data were used to generate two population projection models (a fully age-classified model and a simple two-stage model) for each species in each treatment and in a salt marsh sediment control. These models were used to quantify the effects of treatments on survival, reproduction, and age at maturity, and hence on population growth rate. For both species, survival was high in all treatments except the blue-green algae treatment, where oxygen depletion (to <1 mL/L) occurred. Treatments had dramatic effects on age at maturity, fertility, and generation time, which differed between species and among contaminants. Population growth rates (lambda) were higher in Capitella sp. I than in S. benedicti for all treatments, primarily due to earlier maturation and a fertility advantage exhibited by Capitella during the first few weeks of reproduction, In Capitella sp. I, explosive increases in lambda were seen in the sewage (lambda = 5.31) and algae (lambda = 2.81) enrichments relative to the control (lambda = 1.86) and the hydrocarbon treatments (lambda = 1.67), Reduced maturation time and increases in age-specific fertility associated with rapid growth and large body size were responsible, Hydrocarbons reduced lambda primarily through delayed maturation and reduced age-specific fertility. population growth rates of S. benedicti in the hydrocarbon treatment (lambda = 1.11) and algae treatment (lambda = 1.09) were reduced relative to the control (lambda = 1.46) and sewage treatments (lambda = 1.41), The hydrocarbon reduction resulted from delayed maturity and reduced fertility, whereas the algal effects were caused by reductions in both juvenile survival and fertility. Our analyses revealed that Capitella sp. I's population growth rate was less sensitive than that of S. benedicti to these three common forms of estuarine contamination, that different sources of organic enrichment (sewage and blue-green algae) introduced at the same C and N levels could have varying demographic effects, and that when two contaminants (hydrocarbons and blue-green algae) caused similar reductions in population growth rate in a species (Streblospio), the underlying mechanisms may have differed. For both species all demographically important effects of contaminants occurred early in life, suggesting a need to focus on juveniles and young adults in held and laboratory testing. The experiments performed here demonstrated the sensitivity of polychaete demographic properties to the condition of estuarine sediments, This sensitivity may be exploited to evaluate organic enrichment and hydrocarbon contamination in field settings. C1 WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT BIOL,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,WATERWAYS EXPT STN,VICKSBURG,MS 39180. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MARINE EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP Levin, L (reprint author), SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,MARINE LIFE RES GRP,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. OI Caswell, Hal/0000-0003-4394-6894 NR 81 TC 188 Z9 195 U1 7 U2 43 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 6 IS 4 BP 1295 EP 1313 DI 10.2307/2269608 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA VR856 UT WOS:A1996VR85600029 ER PT J AU LaRussa, VF Kessler, SW Henson, VA Cutting, M Polsinelli, T Knight, RD Wright, DG AF LaRussa, VF Kessler, SW Henson, VA Cutting, M Polsinelli, T Knight, RD Wright, DG TI Efficiency of human HLA-mismatched CD34(+) cells from unrelated donors in establishing in vitro hematopoiesis in allogeneic long-term marrow cultures SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CD34(+) cells; stromal cells; MHC restriction ID HUMAN-BONE-MARROW; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; COLONY-FORMING CELLS; CLASS-II ANTIGENS; PROGENITOR CELLS; STEM-CELLS; T-CELLS; STROMAL CELLS; PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION; INVITRO HEMATOPOIESIS AB We have examined the capacity of highly purified human CD34(+) marrow cell isolates from unrelated, HLA-mismatched donors to establish in vitro hematopoiesis on recipient marrow stromal cells in 2-stage hematopoietic long-term marrow cultures (H-LTMC). HLA-typing of both peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CD34(+) marrow cells was performed for both HLA class T and KLA class II antigens for eight healthy individuals. Significant antigenic mismatches for these molecules ranged from three to six antigens for each recipient-donor pair. Comparison of MHC antigen expression by peripheral blood cells and CD34(+) marrow cell isolates confirmed the presence of identical HLA-A, -B, and -C, and -DR specificities on the surface of these cells. Typing of -DQ specificities, however, was not consistently reactive on CD34(+) cells. The greater than or equal to 20% plating efficiency of purified CD34(+) cells for BFU-E, CFU-GM, and CFU-MIX allowed us to use inoculum doses of 10(3), 10(4), and 10(5) cells to determine the efficiency of allogeneic CD34(+) cells in achieving in vitro engraftment and the establishment of hematopoiesis in H-LTMC. Engraftment of adherent BFU-E, CFU-GM, and CFU-MIX was equally efficient for autologous and allogeneic CD34(+) cells. In vitro hematopoiesis reflected by the cumulative recoveries of progenitor cells over time was also equivalent for allogeneic and autologous CD34(+) cells. These results demonstrate that highly purified, HLA-mismatched CD34(+) marrow cells proliferate and establish in vitro hematopoiesis as efficiently as autologous cells in marrow derived stromal cell cultures and confirm that interactions between stromal cells and highly purified CD34(+), DR(-), and CD34(+), DR(+) marrow cell isolates are not MHC-restricted. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV MED,DEPT HEMATOL & VASC BIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. USN,MED RES INST,BETHESDA,MD 20084. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,ORGAN TRANSPLANTAT SERV,SUMMIT,NJ. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS & IMMUNOL,DEPT BACTERIAL DIS,SUMMIT,NJ. CIBA GEIGY CORP,CLIN RES,SUMMIT,NJ. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,SECT HEMATOL & ONCOL,BOSTON,MA 02118. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARDEN JENNINGS PUBL CO LTD PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA BLAKE CTR, STE 200, 1224 W MAIN ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 SN 0301-472X J9 EXP HEMATOL JI Exp. Hematol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 24 IS 13 BP 1475 EP 1483 PG 9 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA VW260 UT WOS:A1996VW26000004 PM 8950230 ER PT J AU Agin, TS Cantey, JR Boedeker, EC Wolf, MK AF Agin, TS Cantey, JR Boedeker, EC Wolf, MK TI Characterization of the eaeA gene from rabbit enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strain RDEC-1 and comparison to other eaeA genes from bacteria that cause attaching-effacing lesions SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli strain RDEC-1; eaeA gene; intimin; attaching-effacing lesion ID CITROBACTER-FREUNDII BIOTYPE; MURINE COLONIC HYPERPLASIA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; HAFNIA-ALVEI; PLASMID; EXPRESSION; DIARRHEA; PROTEINS; CLONING; CELLS AB A number of enteric pathogens, including enteropathogenic (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) Escherichia coli, Hafnia alvei, a strain of Citrobacter freundii, and rabbit EPEC strain RDEC-1 cause attaching-effacing (AE) lesions in the gut mucosa. These bacteria have a pathogenicity cassette (locus of enterocyte effacement or LEE) containing the eaeA gene. This gene encodes intimin, an outer membrane protein required for production of AE lesions. RDEC-1, a non-invasive enteropathogen in young rabbits, produces AE lesions morphologically indistinguishable from lesions caused by human AE bacterial strains. The RDEC-1 example of E. coli diarrhea in rabbits is an important model for studying the pathogenesis of AE bacteria in a natural infection and for analyzing specific roles of the components of LEE. In order to better understand the role of intimin in the development of AE lesions, a portion of DNA within RDEC-1 LEE, containing the eaeA gene and an upstream open reading frame (ORF), was sequenced. The RDEC-1 eaeA gene shared 87%, 92%, and 93% DNA sequence identity and > 80% amino acid sequence identity with the eaeA genes of C. freundii biotype 4280, EHEC O157:H7, and EPEC O127:H6, respectively. The carboxy-terminal 280 amino acid residues of intimin has 80%, 56%, and 54% identity with C. freundii, EHEC O157:H7, and EPEC O127:H6 intimins, respectively. The predicted protein encoded by the upstream ORF (156 amino acids) shares 95%, 97%, and 99% amino acid identity with predicted proteins from C. freundii, EHEC O157:H7, and EPEC O127:H6, respectively. The high degree of sequence homology of rhs ORF and the eaeA gene of RDEC-1 with those of other AE bacteria suggests an evolutionary relationship of LEE and supports and facilitates the use of the RDEC-1 model for studying the role of LEE in pathogenesis. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. MED UNIV S CAROLINA,CHARLESTON,SC 29425. NR 29 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 1996 VL 144 IS 2-3 BP 249 EP 258 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08538.x PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VP815 UT WOS:A1996VP81500022 PM 8900070 ER PT J AU Johnson, JL AF Johnson, JL TI Coordinate transform invariance SO FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB A four-dimensional operator is shown to contain the operator-generators for rotation, scale, reflections, and boosts. The hypothesis is advanced that a physical system changes under this operator by at most a complex phase factor due to invariance against the choice of inertial frame. A canonical transform gives a simple relation between space-time and energy-momentum. The basic conserved quantity is a four-dimensional angular momentum and/or coupling constant. The differential of this function contains a second-order differential product which is constrained as a power series in the independent variable. The analysis explores the consequences of the model and shows its degree of correspondence to the standard models. RP Johnson, JL (reprint author), USA,MISSILE COMMAND,RES DEV & ENGN CTR,AMSMI,RD,WS,PL,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35898, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0015-9018 J9 FOUND PHYS JI Found. Phys. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1529 EP 1557 DI 10.1007/BF02272369 PG 29 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WA083 UT WOS:A1996WA08300005 ER PT J AU Arcone, SA AF Arcone, SA TI High resolution of glacial ice stratigraphy: A ground-penetrating radar study of Pegasus runway, McMurdo station, Antarctica SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-PATTERNS; SYSTEM; SNOW AB Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has been used to detect areas of present or potential structural weakness beneath a 3.2-km snow-covered ice runway on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. The bandwidths of the transmitted wavelets were centered near 500 MHz. The data show many horizons up to tens of meters long and occurring to about a 9-m depth, below which a brine intrusion limits penetration. The horizons are interpreted as discrete scatterers because of their diffraction nature and loss of higher frequencies with depth. The presence of porous ice or dispersed water is interpreted from wavelet phase. The water may be associated with apparent deepening and fading of the brine horizon. If the above interpretation is correct, water occurs at depths to 3.5 m and extends as much as 40 m horizontally, which is greater and deeper than known previously. At 3.5 m depth, the water may be adsorbed on mineral particles rather than remain free. Migration of the diffractions with a single-layer migration scheme shows all horizons above the brine layer to be small dielectric perturbations within the ice. Stacking and Hilbert transformation of the data reveal slight folding along the length of the runway. Loss of high-frequency amplitude in the wavelets suggests that higher frequency radar might improve resolution only in the top few meters. RP Arcone, SA (reprint author), USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,HANOVER,NH 03755, USA. NR 31 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1653 EP 1663 DI 10.1190/1.1444084 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA VW785 UT WOS:A1996VW78500009 ER PT J AU SteelGoodwin, L Pravecek, TL Carmichael, AJ AF SteelGoodwin, L Pravecek, TL Carmichael, AJ TI Trichloroethylene metabolism in vitro: An EPR/SPIN trapping study SO HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE free radicals; conjugated dienes; trichloroethylene; EPR; PEN spin trap ID ADDUCTS; RATS; ACID AB Trichloroethylene (TCE) was hypothesized to produce free radicals which could be detected using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy with the spin trap, PEN (alpha-phenyl tert-butyl nitrone). The free radicals detected following incubation of precision cut liver slices in media containing 10 mM PBN had hyperfine coupling constants a(N)=1.61 mT and a(H)=0.325 mT. There was a linear increase in free radicals detected in the bathing media when the headspace TCE concentration was increased from 2500-10000 p.p.m. The levels of conjugated dienes measured in the slices incubated in PEN supplemented media were less than slices exposed to TCE in incubation media without PEN. The PEN trap may act as a scavenger preventing the propagation of free radicals and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. The experiments suggest that free radical formation by TCE leads to a concomitant increase in conjugated dienes in liver slices which may contribute to the pathological changes which occur in liver following TCE exposure. C1 ARMSTRONG LAB,ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT TOXICOL DIV,BIOL EFFECTS GRP,DAYTON,OH. USA,RADIOBIOL RES INST,APPL CELLULAR RADIOBIOL DEPT,BETHESDA,MD. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0144-5952 J9 HUM EXP TOXICOL JI Hum. Exp. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 15 IS 11 BP 878 EP 884 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA VR263 UT WOS:A1996VR26300003 PM 8938482 ER PT J AU Allen, AG Cherniack, M Andreopoulos, GJ AF Allen, AG Cherniack, M Andreopoulos, GJ TI Refining war: Civil wars and humanitarian controls SO HUMAN RIGHTS QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID LAW C1 UNIV NEW HAVEN,NEW HAVEN,CT. YALE UNIV,SCH EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. CUNY JOHN JAY COLL CRIMINAL JUSTICE,NEW YORK,NY 10019. RP Allen, AG (reprint author), USA,WASHINGTON,DC 20310, USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 SN 0275-0392 J9 HUM RIGHTS QUART JI Hum. Rights Q. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 18 IS 4 BP 747 EP 781 PG 35 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA VT453 UT WOS:A1996VT45300002 ER PT J AU Doe, WW Saghafian, B Julien, PY AF Doe, WW Saghafian, B Julien, PY TI Land-use impact on watershed response: The integration of two-dimensional hydrological modelling and geographical information systems SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE hydrology; rainfall-runoff models; watershed responses; geographical information systems ID INFILTRATION; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY AB The integration of a two-dimensional, raster-based rainfall-runoff model, CASC2D, with a raster geographical information system (GIS), GRASS, offers enhanced capabilities for analysing the hydrological impact under a variety of land management scenarios. The spatially varied components of the watershed, such as slope, soil texture, surface roughness and land-use disturbance, were characterized in GRASS at a user-specified grid cell resolution for input into the CASC2D model. CASC2D is a raster-based, single-event rainfall-runoff model that divides the watershed into grid cell elements and simulates the hydrological processes of infiltration, overland how and channel flow in response to distributed rainfall precipitation. The five-step integration of CASC2D and GRASS demonstrates the potential for analysing spatially and temporally varied hydrological processes within a 50 square mile semiarid watershed. By defining possible land-use disturbance scenarios for the watershed, a variety of rainfall-runoff events were simulated to determine the changes in watershed response under varying disturbance and rainfall conditions. Additionally, spatially distributed infiltration outputs derived from the simulations were analysed in GRASS to determine the variability of hydrological change within the watershed. Grid cell computational capabilities in GRASS allow the user to combine the scenario simulation outputs with other distributed watershed parameters to develop complex maps depicting potential areas of hydrological sensitivity. This GIS-hydrological model integration provides valuable spatial information to researchers and managers concerned with the study and effects of land-use on hydrological response. RP Doe, WW (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,DEPT GEOG & ENVIRONM ENGN,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1503 EP 1511 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA WD467 UT WOS:A1996WD46700006 ER PT J AU Loy, JR Myers, JD Tappert, CC AF Loy, JR Myers, JD Tappert, CC TI Notebook versus desktop computers for cadets at West Point SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION LA English DT Article AB Some universities require or recommend that their students purchase personal computers, and the trend is toward using the portable notebook variety, West Point cadets (students) are currently issued late-model, IBM-compatible desktop PC's on matriculation, and this study investigated the feasibility and desirability of issuing notebook computers to future incoming classes, As a pilot comparison one classroom group of 18 students taking introductory courses in computers and mathematics was given notebook computers for one semester in place of their desktops, An additional 12 notebooks were evaluated to assess specialized technical features, The principal findings were that, at a constant dollar cost, notebook and desktop computers differ in computational power, durability, and ease of use, Due to miniaturization costs a notebook is less powerful than a similarly priced desktop or, for example, to replace a $1700 desktop with a comparably powered notebook it would cost $2500, The most negative feature of the notebooks was the lack of durability indicated by a failure rate of 31% compared to a failure rate of less than 5% for desktops. The portability of notebooks was considered its most positive feature, and the Mathematics Department felt the strongest about the potential positive impact on their instructional pedagogy with other departments expressing minimal impact, The capability of portable notebook computers to serve in computer labs via docking stations for network connections was also evaluated. We concluded that we cannot move to notebook computers for incoming students until notebook durability (maturity of technology) is reasonable and until the disparity between the computational capability of comparably priced notebooks and desktops reaches an acceptable limit, We now see the technology maturing rapidly and are likely to move to notebook computers within three years. RP Loy, JR (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9359 J9 IEEE T EDUC JI IEEE Trans. Educ. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 39 IS 4 BP 497 EP 504 DI 10.1109/13.544803 PG 8 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA VW272 UT WOS:A1996VW27200006 ER PT J AU Funk, EE Lee, CH AF Funk, EE Lee, CH TI Free-space power combining and beam steering of ultra-wideband radiation using an array of laser-triggered antennas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID TRUE-TIME-DELAY; MICROWAVE AB A mode-locked laser is used to synchronize jitter-free ultrawideband (UWB) pulse generation at an array of UWB I antenna elements, The jitter-free pulses radiated by each element I add together in free space to produce a radiated held pattern that is steerable via optical true-time-delay techniques, The results from a three element array experiment are presented and used to develop a model for an N-element phased array, A transmission-line model is presented for a single array element, which includes the functions;of energy storage, as well as UWB pulse generation and radiation. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ELECT ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP Funk, EE (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,WEAPONS TECHNOL DIRECTORATE,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 44 IS 11 BP 2039 EP 2044 DI 10.1109/22.543960 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA VU121 UT WOS:A1996VU12100010 ER PT J AU Sadler, BM AF Sadler, BM TI Detection in correlated impulsive noise using fourth-order cumulants SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID NON-GAUSSIAN NOISE; THRESHOLD DETECTION; IDENTIFICATION; STATISTICS; RECONSTRUCTION AB In this work, we consider detection and estimation in correlated impulsive noise. The non-Gaussian impulsive noise is modeled as the sum of two linear processes: a nominal part and an impulsive part. This model admits correlated impulsive bursts lasting many data samples. Identifiability of the noise model is established using fourth- and second-order cumulants. Under this model, the correlated lime series can be whitened and an appropriate memoryless nonlinearity applied to attenuate the impulsive events. A detection statistic is then formed from the output of the nonlinearity. In the threshold detection case, the use of cumulants allows identification of the noise in the presence of the signal to be detected, obviating the need for noise-only training records. Simulation results with sample size of 512 show small loss in detector performance versus an ideal detector with no impulsive part present. RP Sadler, BM (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,2800 POWDER MILL RD,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 36 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 44 IS 11 BP 2793 EP 2800 DI 10.1109/78.542437 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA VR692 UT WOS:A1996VR69200011 ER PT J AU Anderson, GW Leary, SEC Williamson, ED Titball, RW Welkos, SL Worsham, PL Friedlander, AM AF Anderson, GW Leary, SEC Williamson, ED Titball, RW Welkos, SL Worsham, PL Friedlander, AM TI Recombinant V antigen protects mice against pneumonic and bubonic plague caused by F1-capsule-positive and -negative strains of Yersinia pestis SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION; FUSION PEPTIDE; IMMUNITY; SUPPRESSION; VIRULENCE; VACCINE AB The purified recombinant V antigen from Yersinia pestis, expressed in Escherichia coli and adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide, an adjuvant approved for human use, was used to immunize outbred Hsd:ND4 mice subcutaneously. Immunization protected mice from lethal bubonic and pneumonic plague caused by CO92, a wild-type F1(+) strain, or by the isogenic F1(-) strain C12. This work demonstrates that a subunit plague vaccine formulated for human use provides significant protection against bubonic plague caused by an F1(-) strain (C12) or against substantial aerosol challenges from either F1(+) (CO92) or F1(-) (C12) Y. pestis. C1 CHEM & BIOL DEF ESTAB,SALISBURY SP4 0JQ,WILTS,ENGLAND. RP Anderson, GW (reprint author), USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIOL,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 48 TC 172 Z9 181 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 64 IS 11 BP 4580 EP 4585 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA VP428 UT WOS:A1996VP42800025 PM 8890210 ER PT J AU Lowell, GH Colleton, C Frost, D Kaminski, RW Hughes, M Hatch, J Hooper, C Estep, J Pitt, L Topper, M Hunt, RE Baker, W Bazel, WB AF Lowell, GH Colleton, C Frost, D Kaminski, RW Hughes, M Hatch, J Hooper, C Estep, J Pitt, L Topper, M Hunt, RE Baker, W Bazel, WB TI Immunogenicity and efficacy against lethal aerosol staphylococcal enterotoxin B challenge in monkeys by intramuscular and respiratory delivery of proteosome-toxoid vaccines SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME; INTRANASAL IMMUNIZATION; MUCOSAL IMMUNITY; POLY(DL-LACTIDE-CO-GLYCOLIDE) MICROSPHERES; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE VACCINES; CHOLERA-TOXIN; T-CELLS; MICE; SUPERANTIGEN; INFLUENZA AB Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), a primary cause of food poisoning, is also a superantigen that can cause toxic shock after traumatic or surgical staphylococcal would infections or viral influenza-associated staphylococcal superinfections or when aerosolized for use as a potential biologic warfare threat agent. Intranasal or intramuscular (i.m.) immunization with formalinized SEB toroid formulated with meningococcal outer membrane protein proteosomes has previously been shown to be immunogenic and protective against lethal respiratory or parenteral SEB challenge in murine models of SEB intoxication, Here, it is demonstrated that immunization of nonhuman primates with the proteosome-SEB toxoid vaccine is safe, immunogenic, and protective against lethal aerosol challenge with 15 50% lethal doses of SEB. Monkeys (10 per group) were primed i.m. and given booster injections by either the i.m. or intratracheal route without adverse side effects. Anamnestic anti-SEB serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses were elicited in all monkeys, but strong IgA responses in sera and bronchial secretions were elicited both pre- and post-SEB challenge only in monkeys given booster injections intratracheally. The proteosome-SEB toxoid vaccine was efficacious by both routes in protecting 100% of monkeys against se, ere symptomatology and death from aerosolized-SEB intoxication. These data confirm the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in monkeys of pal enteral and respiratory vaccination with the proteosome-SEB toroid, thereby supporting clinical trials of this vaccine in humans. The safety and enhancement of both bronchial and systemic IgA and IgG responses by the proteosome vaccine delivered by a respiratory route are also encouraging for the development of mucosally delivered proteosome vaccines to protect against SEB and other toxic or infectious respiratory pathogens. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DIV AEROSOL BIOL,FREDERICK,MD 21701. NR 48 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 64 IS 11 BP 4686 EP 4693 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA VP428 UT WOS:A1996VP42800041 PM 8890226 ER PT J AU Converse, PJ Dannenberg, AM Estep, JE Sugisaki, K Abe, Y Schofield, BH Pitt, MLM AF Converse, PJ Dannenberg, AM Estep, JE Sugisaki, K Abe, Y Schofield, BH Pitt, MLM TI Cavitary tuberculosis produced in rabbits by aerosolized virulent tubercle bacilli SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID METHACRYLATE TISSUE-SECTIONS; DIETARY-CHOLESTEROL; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; INBRED STRAINS; ACTIVATION AB Liquefaction of solid caseous tuberculous lesions and the subsequent cavity formation are probably the most dangerous processes in the pathogenesis of human pulmonary tuberculosis, In liquefied caseum, the tubercle bacilli grow extracellularly for the first time since the onset of the disease and can reach such large numbers that mutants with antimicrobial resistance may develop, From a cavity, the bacilli enter the bronchial tree and spread to other parts of the lung and also to other people, Of the commonly used laboratory animals, the rabbit is the only one in which cavitary tuberculosis can be readily produced, This report is the first to describe and analyze the complete course of cavitary tuberculosis, produced by aerosolized virulent bovine-type tubercle bacilli in commercially available New Zealand white rabbits, after the inhalation of 220 to 880 bacillary units, all of the rabbits were overtly well until they were sacrificed at 33 weeks, After the inhalation of 3,900 to 5,800 bacillary units, half of the rabbits died of progressive tuberculosis between 5 and 9 weeks and the other half lived until they were sacrificed at 18 weeks. Pulmonary cavities developed in both low- and high-dose groups, some beginning as early as 6 weeks. Bacilli from primary cavities sometimes caused nearby secondary cavities, but more frequently, they ascended the bronchial escalator, were swallowed, and caused secondary tubercles in the lymphoid tissue of the appendix and ileocecal junction, Histologically, and by culture, the number of bacilli found in the liquefied caseum varied from many to comparatively few, Strong tuberculin reactions at 4 weeks after infection were associated with fewer primary lesions, while strong tuberculin reactions at 33 weeks were associated with more cavitary lesions, In the tuberculous granulation tissue surrounding caseous and liquefied pulmonary foci and cavities, we found many mature epithelioid macrophages that contained high levels of the proteinase cathepsin D, Therefore, cathepsin D probably plays a major role in the liquefaction of solid caseous material and in the subsequent cavity formation. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,BALTIMORE,MD. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT MOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BALTIMORE,MD. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DEPT AEROBIOL,APPL RES DIV,FT DETRICK,MD 21702. OITA MED UNIV,DEPT INTERNAL MED,OITA,JAPAN. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-35195, AI-27165]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-03819] NR 41 TC 93 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 64 IS 11 BP 4776 EP 4787 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA VP428 UT WOS:A1996VP42800054 PM 8890239 ER PT J AU Finley, DL Sanders, MG Ryan, AJ AF Finley, DL Sanders, MG Ryan, AJ TI Application of training transfer principles in developing the high transfer training (HITT) methodology SO INNOVATIONS IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID SKILLS AB This paper describes the approach taken to incorporate training transfer principles into a methodology for developing courses of instruction. An outline of the methodology and evidence of the effectiveness of a resulting training programme are also presented. C1 USA,RES INST,ALEXANDRIA,VA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU KOGAN PAGE LTD PI LONDON PA 120 PENTONVILLE RD, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9JN SN 1355-8005 J9 INNOV EDUC TRAIN INT JI Innov. Educ. Train. Int. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 33 IS 4 BP 332 EP 339 PG 8 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA VW552 UT WOS:A1996VW55200011 ER PT J AU Hamburger, KE AF Hamburger, KE TI In retrospect: The tragedy and lessons of Vietnam - McNamara,RS SO INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW LA English DT Book Review RP Hamburger, KE (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIMON FRASER UNIV, INT HISTORY REVIEW PI BURNABY PA EAA 2015, BURNABY BC V5A 1S6, CANADA SN 0707-5332 J9 INT HIST REV JI Int. Hist. Rev. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 18 IS 4 BP 981 EP 985 PG 5 WC History SC History GA VW493 UT WOS:A1996VW49300062 ER PT J AU Hamburger, KE AF Hamburger, KE TI LBJ and Vietnam: A different kind of war - Herring,G SO INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW LA English DT Book Review RP Hamburger, KE (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIMON FRASER UNIV, INT HISTORY REVIEW PI BURNABY PA EAA 2015, BURNABY BC V5A 1S6, CANADA SN 0707-5332 J9 INT HIST REV JI Int. Hist. Rev. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 18 IS 4 BP 981 EP 985 PG 5 WC History SC History GA VW493 UT WOS:A1996VW49300063 ER PT J AU Baginski, ME Baginski, TA Thomas, K Shaffer, EC AF Baginski, ME Baginski, TA Thomas, K Shaffer, EC TI A characterization of the electrodynamics of metals under the action of large electric currents SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS AND MECHANICS LA English DT Article AB An experimental and numerical investigation of the behavior of electrically thin exploding foils is presented that focuses on the influence that the geometry and non-linear material properties have on the electrodynamic behavior of the system. The foil is electrically excited using the first quarter cycle of a 1200 A, 1.7 MHz current source. This high power current pulse was experimentally found to be sufficient to induce solid to vapor phase transitions;over the entire bridgefoil. A novel finite element code (FEM) was used to determine the transient thermal and electrical distributions in the (electrically) thin copper foil to the point where a significant portion of the bridgefoil and surrounding region has exceeded the melting temperature. The FEM code solves two non-linear partial differential equations that account for the thermal conductivity, latent heat of fusion, and specific heat (constant volume) of the foil. Contour plots of the foil's electrical and thermal signature indicate that there is the expected focusing of energy dissipation in the vicinity of the corners - an effect that has been experimentally observed. The model predicts that following the onset of melt (over approximately 50% of the bridgefoil), the time-to-burst occurs at time frames that are less than 10% of the time required to induce melt from the onset of the event. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT ELECT ENGN,AUBURN,AL 36849. WL MNMF,EGLIN AFB,FL. US MIL ACAD,DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI,W POINT,NY 10996. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5416 J9 INT J APPL ELECTROM JI Int. J. Appl. Electromagn. Mech. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 7 IS 3 BP 193 EP 211 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA WC809 UT WOS:A1996WC80900004 ER PT J AU Carter, AJ Laird, JR AF Carter, AJ Laird, JR TI Experimental results with endovascular irradiation via a radioactive stent SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stents; restenosis; radiation ID INHIBITS NEOINTIMA FORMATION; TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY; MUSCLE CELL-PROLIFERATION; ARTERY BALLOON INJURY; RADIATION-THERAPY; RESTENOSIS MODEL; IMPLANTATION; SWINE; HYPERPLASIA; PREVENTION AB Purpose: The objective of this article is to describe the methods used to manufacture a radioactive stent and to review the experimental data on this therapy designed to improve arterial patency rates after stent placement. Materials and Methods: Surface activation in a cyclotron and io implantation techniques are used to render commercially available vascular stents radioactive. beta-Particle-emitting stents, most commonly P-32, were employed because of their short half-life (14.3 days) and limited range of tissue penetration (3-4 mm), The function and vascular response to these P-32 radioactive stents with varying activities (range 0.14-23 mu Ci) was evaluated in several animal models of arterial injury and restenosis. Results: In porcine iliac arteries, beta-particle-emitting stents with an initial activity of 0.14 mu Ci reduced neointimal formation 37% at 28 days after implant, On histology, the neointima consisted of smooth muscle cells and a proteoglycan-rich matrix, Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated complete endothelialization of the stent, beta-Particle-emitting stents with an initial activity of 3-23 mu Ci inhibited neointimal smooth muscle cell proliferation at 28 days in a porcine coronary restenosis model, The neointima within these high-activity stents consisted of fibrin, erythrocytes, and only rare smooth muscle cells, Studies with 1-year follow-up after implantation of a radioactive stent with a composition of gamma- and beta-particle-emitting radionuclides Co-55,Co-56,Co-57, Mg-52, and Fe-55 and an initial activity of 17.5 mu Ci demonstrated almost complete inhibition of neointimal proliferation in a rabbit model. Conclusion: Endovascular irradiation delivered via a radioactive stent reduces neointimal formation and improves luminal patency without increasing the risk for stent thrombosis in experimental models of restenosis. The optimal radiation dose is unknown, At stent activities >3 mu Ci of P-32, the inhibition of neointimal formation is due to direct radiation affects on proliferating smooth muscle cells, At ultra-low activities (0.14 mu Ci), beta-particle irradiation reduces neointimal formation possibly by impairing cell proliferation or migration, This novel therapy may have a significant impact on preventing stent restenosis, and requires further investigation. Published 1996 by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 WASHINGTON HOSP CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20010. RP Carter, AJ (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,SERV CARDIOL,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 35 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1996 VL 36 IS 4 BP 797 EP 803 DI 10.1016/S0360-3016(96)00410-5 PG 7 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA VX992 UT WOS:A1996VX99200004 PM 8960505 ER PT J AU Lee, CK Lanza, J Buckley, J AF Lee, CK Lanza, J Buckley, J TI Apparatus and method for measuring angular positions of parachute canopies SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article RP Lee, CK (reprint author), USA,NATICK RES DEV & ENGN CTR,SOLDIER SYST COMMAND,NATICK,MA 01760, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1197 EP 1199 DI 10.2514/3.47075 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA VW162 UT WOS:A1996VW16200022 ER PT J AU Kunsman, GW Levine, B Kuhlman, JJ Jones, RL Hughes, RO Fujiyama, CI Smith, ML AF Kunsman, GW Levine, B Kuhlman, JJ Jones, RL Hughes, RO Fujiyama, CI Smith, ML TI MDA-MDMA concentrations in urine specimens SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYAMPHETAMINE; IDENTIFICATION; ANALOGS; EMIT; MDEA; TDX C1 TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,FORENS TOXICOL DRUG TESTING LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96859. RP Kunsman, GW (reprint author), ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,OFF ARMED FORCES MED EXAMINER,DIV FORENS TOXICOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306, USA. NR 29 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 20 IS 7 BP 517 EP 521 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA VT933 UT WOS:A1996VT93300001 PM 8934299 ER PT J AU Mickevicius, R Mitin, V Paulavicius, G Kochelap, V Stroscio, MA Iafrate, GJ AF Mickevicius, R Mitin, V Paulavicius, G Kochelap, V Stroscio, MA Iafrate, GJ TI Hot-phonon effects on electron transport in quantum wires SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAAS/ALAS SUPERLATTICES; POLAR SEMICONDUCTORS; MONTE-CARLO; SCATTERING; THERMALIZATION; DYNAMICS; GAAS AB Hot (nonequilibrium) phonon effects on electron transport in rectangular GaAs/AlAs quantum wires have been investigated by a self-consistent Monte Carlo simulation. Confinement and localization of optical phonons have been taken into account. We have demonstrated that at room temperature hot optical phonons lead to a significant increase in electron drift velocity. This hot-phonon drag effect is due to the strongly asymmetric nonequilibrium phonon distribution. As a result, phonon absorption for forward transitions (electron gains momentum along electric field) is enhanced, whereas absorption for backward transitions (electron gains momentum against electric field) is suppressed. At low temperatures diffusive heating of electrons by hot phonons dominates over hot-phonon drag and the electron drift velocity decreases. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 USA,RES OFF,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NATL ACAD SCI UKRAINE,INST SEMICOND PHYS,KIEV,UKRAINE. RP Mickevicius, R (reprint author), WAYNE STATE UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,DETROIT,MI 48202, USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1996 VL 80 IS 9 BP 5145 EP 5149 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA VN647 UT WOS:A1996VN64700050 ER PT J AU Shimazu, T Yukioka, T Ikeuchi, H Mason, AD Wagner, PD Pruitt, BA AF Shimazu, T Yukioka, T Ikeuchi, H Mason, AD Wagner, PD Pruitt, BA TI Ventilation-perfusion alterations after smoke inhalation injury in an ovine model SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lung injury; severity-related changes; time-related changes; low ventilation-perfusion; krypton; gas chromatography mass spectrometry ID GAS ELIMINATION TECHNIQUE; CONTINUOUS DISTRIBUTIONS; RATIOS; BLOOD; LUNGS AB To study the pathophysiological mechanism of progressive hypoxemia after smoke inhalation injury, alterations in ventilation-perfusion ratio (VA/Q) were studied in an ovine model by using the multiple inert gas elimination technique. Because ethane was detected in expired gas of some sheep, we replaced ethane with krypton, which was a unique application of the multiple inert gas elimination technique when one of the experimental gases is present in the inspirate, Severity-related changes were studied 24 h after injury in control and mild, moderate, and severe inhalation injury groups. Time-related changes were studied in controls and sheep with moderate injury at 6, 12, 24, and 72 h. Arterial Pot decreased progressively with severity of injury as well as with time. In smoke-exposed animals, blood flow was recruited to low VA/Q compartment (0 < VA/Q < 0.1; 17.6 +/- 10.6% of cardiac output, 24 h, moderate injury) from normal VA/Q compartment (0.1 < VA/Q < 10). However, increases in true shunt (VA/Q = 0; 5.6 +/- 2.5%, 24 h, moderate injury) and dead space were not consistent findings. The VA/Q patterns suggest the primary change in smoke inhalation injury to be a disturbance of ventilation. C1 OSAKA UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT TRAUMATOL,OSAKA 565,JAPAN. KYORIN UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT TRAUMATOL & CRIT CARE MED,TOKYO 181,JAPAN. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT MED,SAN DIEGO,CA 92093. RP Shimazu, T (reprint author), USA,INST SURG RES,LIB BRANCH,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234, USA. NR 28 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 81 IS 5 BP 2250 EP 2259 PG 10 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA VT205 UT WOS:A1996VT20500053 PM 8941552 ER PT J AU Vick, JA VonBredow, JD AF Vick, JA VonBredow, JD TI Effectiveness of intramuscularly administered cyanide antidotes on methemoglobin formation and survival SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD AB Successful first aid therapy for cyanide intoxication is dependent upon immediate administration of antidotes which directly or indirectly interact with the cyanide ion to remove it from circulation. Owing to the severe respiratory, cardiovascular and convulsive episodes following acute cyanide intoxication, the most practical approach is to administer antidotes by intramuscular injection, Exceptionally rapid methemoglobin formers-hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HH) and dimethylaminophenol (DMAP)-are usually able to prevent the lethal effect of cyanide following intramuscular injections in doses sufficient to induce 20% methemoglobin (HH = 20 mg kg(-1) and DMAP = 2 mg kg(-1)). Sodium nitrite, the methemoglobin inducer approved for military use, must be administered by intravenous infusion because it is not an effective cyanide antidote by the intramuscular route, In the normal unintoxicated animal an intramuscular injection of 20 mg kg(-1) sodium nitrite will form 20% methemoglobin; however, in acute cyanide intoxication the associated severe bradycardia appears to limit the rate of absorption and thus the rapid formation of methemoglobin, If the bradycardia is prevented or reversed by atropine, the rate of absorption of sodium nitrite and the formation of methemoglobin is able to reverse the otherwise lethal effects of cyanide, Thus, an intramuscularly administered combination of 20 mg kg(-1) sodium nitrite and 1 mg kg(-1) atropine sulfate, rapidly absorbed from the intramuscular site, appears to achieve the same degree of effectiveness against acute cyanide intoxication as intramuscularly administered HH or DMAP, It would appear from these studies that HH, DMAP and sodium nitrite with atropine are all potentially effective intramuscular antidotes for acute cyanide poisoning. C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV EXPT THERAPEUT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP Vick, JA (reprint author), US FDA,DIV RES & TESTING,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 16 IS 6 BP 509 EP 516 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199611)16:6<509::AID-JAT382>3.0.CO;2-V PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA VW443 UT WOS:A1996VW44300007 PM 8956097 ER PT J AU Bantle, JA Finch, RA Burton, DT Fort, DJ Dawson, DA Linder, G Rayburn, JR Hull, M KumsherKing, M GaudetHull, AM Turley, SD AF Bantle, JA Finch, RA Burton, DT Fort, DJ Dawson, DA Linder, G Rayburn, JR Hull, M KumsherKing, M GaudetHull, AM Turley, SD TI FETAX interlaboratory validation study: Phase III, part 1 testing SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FETAX; Xenopus; teratogen; monosodium glutamate; ascorbic acid; P-aminopropionitrile; sodium acetate; sodium arsenate; copper sulfate; interlaboratory validation; developmental toxicity ID EMBRYO TERATOGENESIS ASSAY; INDUCED DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION SYSTEM; DECLINING AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; XENOPUS FETAX; ASCORBIC-ACID; MOUSE EMBRYO; CLEFT-PALATE; IDENTIFICATION; COPPER AB The Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (FETAX) is a 96-h whole embryo developmental toxicity screening assay that can be used in ecotoxicology and in detecting mammalian developmental toxicants when an in vitro metabolic activation system is employed, A standardized American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) guide for the conduct of FETAX has been published, along with a companion atlas that aids in embryo staging and identifying malformations, As part of the ASTM process, a three-phase interlaboratory validation study was undertaken to evaluate the repeatability and reliability of FETAX, Seven different participants collaborated in the study, In Phase I, FETAX proved to be more repeatable and reliable than many bioassays, However, some excessive variation was observed in a few laboratories, An initial lack of assay experience by some technicians caused variation, Phase II showed far less intra- and interlaboratory variability than Phase I, Non-teratogens showed the most consistent results, while more variability was observed for the two teratogens tested, Interlaboratory coefficient of variation values for all endpoints ranged from 7.3 to 54.7, Phase III-Part 1, using coded samples and test concentration ranges selected by each laboratory, showed results similar to Phase I, Analysis of the causes of variation suggested that some technicians judged some embryos to be malformed while others consistently judged similar embryos as normal, Concentration ranges tested by some of the laboratories varied greatly and a new protocol for selecting concentrations for initial testing was written to reduce variation from this source, Testing to date suggests that FETAX is as repeatable and reliable as other standard bioassays. C1 USA,BIOMED RES & DEV LAB,FREDERICK,MD 21702. UNIV MARYLAND,WYE RES & EDUC CTR,QUEENSTOWN,MD 21658. STOVER BIOMETR LABS INC,STILLWATER,OK 74076. ASHLAND UNIV,DEPT BIOL & TOXICOL,ASHLAND,OH 44805. MANTECH ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. USA,BIOMED RES & DEV LAB,GEO CTR INC,FREDERICK,MD 21702. RP Bantle, JA (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 48 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 16 IS 6 BP 517 EP 528 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA VW443 UT WOS:A1996VW44300008 PM 8956098 ER PT J AU StPierre, P Olson, EJ Elliott, JJ OHair, KC McKinney, LA Ryan, J AF StPierre, P Olson, EJ Elliott, JJ OHair, KC McKinney, LA Ryan, J TI Untitled - Reply SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Letter C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,ORTHOPAED SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,FT DETRICK,MD 21701. ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,DEPT VET PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. USA,INST SURG RES,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234. RP StPierre, P (reprint author), MADIGAN ARMY MED CTR,DEPT ORTHOPAED,TACOMA,WA 98431, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 78A IS 11 BP 1786 EP 1786 PG 1 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA VU604 UT WOS:A1996VU60400029 ER PT J AU YenLieberman, B Brambilla, D Jackson, B Bremer, J Coombs, R Cronin, M Herman, S Katzenstein, D Leung, S Lin, HJ Palumbo, P Rasheed, S Todd, J Vahey, M Reichelderfer, P AF YenLieberman, B Brambilla, D Jackson, B Bremer, J Coombs, R Cronin, M Herman, S Katzenstein, D Leung, S Lin, HJ Palumbo, P Rasheed, S Todd, J Vahey, M Reichelderfer, P TI Evaluation of a quality assurance program for quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in plasma by the AIDS clinical trials group virology laboratories SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; COMBINATION THERAPY; DISEASE PROGRESSION; HIV-1 RNA; VIREMIA; QUANTIFICATION; SERUM; DNA; ESTABLISHMENT AB A number of quantitative assays have been developed by using amplification techniques to measure human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in the plasma of infected individuals. The Virology Committee of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group in the Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, has established a quality assurance program (QAP) for quantitative assays of HIV-1 RNA levels in plasma. The primary objective of the QAP was to ascertain that a laboratory could maintain the precision required to have a 90% power to detect a fivefold difference in RNA copy number between two samples in the same batch. To achieve this goal, the QAP required an intra-assay standard deviation of no greater than 0.15 log(10) RNA copies per ml. Panels for proficiency testing consisted of coded replicate samples and a common set of standards. To date, 41 laboratories have participated in the program and have used both commercial and in-house assays. We demonstrated that 65% of the laboratories were capable of attaining the necessary level of intra-assay precision. The fitted regressions indicated that the differences among laboratories that used the same kit were generally greater than the differences among population-average regressions for the kits themselves. The use of an external QAP and a common set of standards reduced differences both among laboratories that used the same kit and among laboratories that used different kits. Thus, use of a common set of standards across clinical trial protocols would allow for cross-protocol comparisons. C1 UNIV HOSP CLEVELAND,CLEVELAND CLIN FDN,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,INST PATHOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. NEW ENGLAND RES INST,WATERTOWN,MA 02172. RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR,CHICAGO,IL 60612. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98144. ORGANON TEKNIKA CORP,DURHAM,NC 27712. ROCHE MOL SYST,BRANCHBURG,NJ 08876. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD,CA 94305. BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEWARK,NJ 07103. UNIV SO CALIF,SCH MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033. CHIRON CORP,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. NIAID,BETHESDA,MD 20892. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-25879, N0-AI-35172, AI-27664] NR 38 TC 130 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 34 IS 11 BP 2695 EP 2701 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VM556 UT WOS:A1996VM55600012 PM 8897167 ER PT J AU Rosner, GL Hargis, JB Hollis, DR Budman, DR Weiss, RB Henderson, IC Schilsky, RL AF Rosner, GL Hargis, JB Hollis, DR Budman, DR Weiss, RB Henderson, IC Schilsky, RL TI Relationship between toxicity and obesity in women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: Results from cancer and leukemia group B study 8541 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISEASE-FREE SURVIVAL; BODY-WEIGHT; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; SURFACE-AREA; THERAPY; HEIGHT; RISK; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; PROGNOSIS; CARCINOMA AB Purpose: We examined data from a large clinical trial to determine if chemotherapy dosing according to actual body weight places obese patients at greater risk of toxicity. Patients and Methods: Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) study 8541, a randomized study of schedule and dose of adjuvant cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil (CAF) for stage II breast cancer patients with positive regional lymph nodes, provided data on 1,435 women for analysis. Using body-mass index (BMI), we classified a woman as obese if her BMI was greater than or equal to 27.3 kg/m(2); doses were considered weight-based if within 5% of values calculated using actual weight. Our primary analysis concerned toxicity risks during cycle 1. Results: Among women who received weight-based doses of the most dose-intensive CAF regimen, 47% of obese and 51% of nonobese women experienced severe hematologic toxicity (grade greater than or equal to 3) during cycle 1 (P=.51, two-tailed). The overall risk ratio (obese v nonobese) of treatment failure among women who received weight-based doses during cycle 1 was 1.02 (95% confidence interval, 0.83 to 1.26), stratified by treatment and adjusted for number of positive nodes, menopausal status, hormone receptor status, and tumor size. The overall adjusted failure risk ratio (weight-based v reduced initial doses) was 0.73 (95% confidence interval, 0.53 to 1.00) among obese women. Conclusion: Obese patients initially dosed (within 5%) by actual weight did not experience excess cycle 1 toxicity or worse outcome compared with nonobese women dosed similarly. The data suggest that obese women who received reduced doses in cycle 1 experienced worse failure-free survival. We recommend that initial doses of CAF be computed according to actual body weight. (C) 1996 by American Society of Clinical Oncology. C1 STAT OFF,CANC & LEUKEMIA GRP B,DURHAM,NC. SW VERMONT MED CTR,BENNINGTON,VT. N SHORE UNIV HOSP,MANHASSET,NY. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CENT OFF,CANC & LEUKEMIA GRP B,CHICAGO,IL. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA26806, CA35279, CA33601] NR 41 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 14 IS 11 BP 3000 EP 3008 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA VU591 UT WOS:A1996VU59100015 PM 8918498 ER PT J AU Yoshiyama, M Carvalho, RM Sano, H Horner, JA Brewer, PD Pashley, DH AF Yoshiyama, M Carvalho, RM Sano, H Horner, JA Brewer, PD Pashley, DH TI Regional bond strengths of resins to human root dentine SO JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE bonding; root dentine; microtensile test ID INTERFACE; ADHESION AB Objectives: The demand for restoration of root dentine defects such as cervical erosion and root caries has significantly increased recently, but there is limited information on the performance of the adhesive resins to radicular dentine. The purpose of this study was to measure the regional tensile bond strength (TBS) of composite bonded to human root and coronal dentine, and to observe the interface between resin and root dentine by SEM. Methods: Human extracted cuspid teeth were used to measure TBS with a new microtensile bond test. Enamel and cementum were removed from the labial tooth surfaces to form a long cavity preparation into dentine from the mid-crown to the apex of the root within the same tooth. All Bond 2 (all etch technique) or Imperva Bond (no etch) was bonded to dentine surfaces and covered with Protect Liner resin composite. The resin-bonded teeth were serially sliced into 16 sections at right angles to the long axis of the tooth, and the bonded surfaces were trimmed to give a bonded surface area of 1 mm(2) for TBS testing. Results: All Bond 2 bond strengths to coronal and apical dentine showed high values (23.5 MPa) but the bond strength was significantly lower on cervical root dentine. Imperva Bond produced a relatively high tensile bond strength to all regional areas. SEM showed that the thickness of the resin-infiltrated layer formed by All Bond 2 in root dentine was less than coronal areas. Resin infiltration with Imperva Bond was always less than 0.5 mu m. The results suggest that high TBS values can be obtained with minimal resin infiltration in root dentine. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 MED COLL GEORGIA,SCH DENT,DEPT ORAL BIOL PHYSIOL,AUGUSTA,GA 30912. UNIV TOKUSHIMA,DEPT CONSERVAT DENT,TOKUSHIMA 770,JAPAN. TOKYO MED & DENT UNIV,DEPT OPERAT DENT,BUNKYO KU,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. DWIGHT DAVID EISENHOWER MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,FT GORDON,GA. RI Sano, Hidehiko/A-4802-2012 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE06427] NR 19 TC 88 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-5712 J9 J DENT JI J. Dent. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 24 IS 6 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.1016/0300-5712(95)00102-6 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA VX669 UT WOS:A1996VX66900011 PM 8990690 ER PT J AU Kluter, RA Nattress, DT Dunne, CP Popper, RD AF Kluter, RA Nattress, DT Dunne, CP Popper, RD TI Shelf life evaluation of Bartlett pears in retort pouches SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pears; retort pouches; shelf life; sensory; instrumental analyses AB Retort pouch pears in syrup were developed for a military ration. Processing variables were: syrup pH (4.0 and 3.5) and processing temperature (88 degrees C and 96 degrees C). Periodic sensory and biochemical/instrumental analyses were conducted during storage at 4, 21 and 38 degrees C. pH had the most effect on quality measures. Bivariate correlations from Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis indicated high positive relationships between the first PLS factor and sensory and analytical determinations: color quality, overall quality, pear flavor intensity, Hunter L, ascorbic acid and sucrose. Pears at pH 4.0, processed at either temperature, met minimum military shelf life requirements at 21 degrees or 38 degrees C. C1 OCEAN SPRAY CRANBERRIES INC,LAKEVILLE MIDDLEBORO,MA. RP Kluter, RA (reprint author), USA,NATICK RES DEV & ENGN CTR,SUSTAINMENT DIRECTORATE,NATICK,MA 01760, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 11 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1297 EP 1302 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1996.tb10982.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA VZ334 UT WOS:A1996VZ33400043 ER PT J AU Fleming, EC Pennington, JC Wachob, BG Howe, RA Hill, DO AF Fleming, EC Pennington, JC Wachob, BG Howe, RA Hill, DO TI Removal of N-nitrosodimethylamine from waters using physical-chemical techniques SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE N-nitrosodimethylamine; groundwater AB During the 1950s and 1960s, the Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA) was leased by the US Air Force for the purpose of producing rocket fuel, namely Aerozine 50, by blending hydrazine and unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine (UDMH). A product of the decomposition of UDMH is N-nitrosodimethylamine (NMDA). Bituminous coal granular activated carbon (GAC) systems located at the boundaries of the RMA are not highly effective at removal of NDMA. Modifications to the existing systems by adding additional adsorbents specific to NDMA removal vs construction of new facilities were evaluated. This paper summarizes the results of investigations into alternative adsorption technologies which might be more effective at removal of NDMA than bituminous coal GAC. The results were well described by the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. Bench-scale isotherm and column studies revealed that a coconut shell GAC and carbonaceous resin were more effective at removal of NDMA than bituminous coal GAC. C1 OFF PROGRAM MANAGER ROCKY MT ARSENAL,COMMERCE CITY,CO 80022. HARDING LAWSON ASSOCIATES,DENVER,CO 80202. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP Fleming, EC (reprint author), USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 8 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 51 IS 1-3 BP 151 EP 164 DI 10.1016/S0304-3894(96)01833-X PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WB584 UT WOS:A1996WB58400010 ER PT J AU Giurgiutiu, V Chen, Z Lalande, F Rogers, CA Quattrone, R Berman, J AF Giurgiutiu, V Chen, Z Lalande, F Rogers, CA Quattrone, R Berman, J TI Passive and active tagging of glass-fiber polymeric composites for in-process and in-field non-destructive evaluation SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article AB Conventional non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods are not very effective in monitoring the material conditions of advanced composite and adhesive joints. A technology that has been proposed to enhance the inspectability of advanced composites is the particle tagging technique. Two theoretical models were recently proposed to characterize the dynamic behavior of ferromagnetic and magnetostrictive tagging particles. These theoretical models concerning the development of an active tagging technique with embedded ferromagnetic and magnetostrictive particles and magnetic excitation are now experimentally verified. The experimental results of the active particle tagging shows a variation in the dynamic response of the specimens when defects and/or damage are present. The sensory signature from a tagged polymer is extracted as a result of the interaction between the embedded particles and their host matrix. A study of various types of composites and tagging particles for passive and active tagging was performed. Experimental validation of concepts for tagging of structural materials for on-site inspection prior to installation have also been explored. The on-site particle tagging inspection has been verified on laboratory specimens obtained from industry and was shown to be very efficient. C1 USA CORPS ENGINEERS,CONSTRUCT ENGN RES LABS,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61821. RP Giurgiutiu, V (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,CTR INTELLIGENT MAT SYST & STRUCT,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. RI Giurgiutiu, Victor/F-1394-2011; GIURGIUTIU, VICTOR/B-3137-2012 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 7 IS 6 BP 623 EP 634 DI 10.1177/1045389X9600700602 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA WL281 UT WOS:A1996WL28100002 ER PT J AU Reuben, JM Turpin, JA Lee, BN Doyle, M Gonik, B Jacobson, R Shearer, WT AF Reuben, JM Turpin, JA Lee, BN Doyle, M Gonik, B Jacobson, R Shearer, WT TI Induction of inflammatory cytokines in placental monocytes of gravidae infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 SO JOURNAL OF INTERFERON AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; AMNIOTIC-FLUID; PRETERM LABOR; POTENTIAL ROLE; HIV-INFECTION; MACROPHAGES; CELLS; INTERLEUKIN-6; EXPRESSION; CHILDREN AB Placental mononuclear cells (PMC) are susceptible to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), PMC secreted tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and IL-6 among other factors, which, in turn, regulate HIV replication in latently infected cells, We assessed the induction of these cytokines in PMC from HIV-infected (HIV+) and uninfected (control) gravidae following exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), HIV lysate (iHIV), recombinant HIV env (GP160) and HIV gag (gag55), and synthetic HIVp17 (HGP30) antigens, In comparison to control PMC, HIV+ PMC constitutively secreted higher levels of IL-1 beta and IL-6 and were refractory to stimulation by iHIV, GP160, gag55, and HGP30, Control PMC IL-1 beta levels were boosted by LPS; gag55 and HGP30 augmented IL-6 but not IL-1 beta, Both groups exhibited low basal TNF-alpha production that was augmented by LPS, HIV+ PMC exhibited higher constitutive levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha gene transcription than control PMC, These levels could be further augmented by LPS, yet the incremental levels were lower than those obtained from PMC of uninfected women, The high basal constitutive secretion of cytokines by HIV+ PMC and their refractoriness to activation may reflect a virus-mediated dysregulation of cytokine expression culminating in compromised host defenses against secondary opportunistic infections associated with AIDS. C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT CELLULAR IMMUNOL,HIV IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT OBSTET GYNECOL & REPROD SCI,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP Reuben, JM (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,MD ANDERSON CANCER CTR,TRANSFUS MED & LAB IMMUNOL SECT,DIV LAB MED,1515 HOLCOMBE BLVD,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI29131, AI32466]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD26603] NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 1079-9907 J9 J INTERF CYTOK RES JI J. Interferon Cytokine Res. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 16 IS 11 BP 963 EP 971 DI 10.1089/jir.1996.16.963 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA VU594 UT WOS:A1996VU59400012 PM 8938574 ER PT J AU Farr, JV AF Farr, JV TI The impacts of technology on engineering education SO JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article RP Farr, JV (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,DEPT SYST ENGN,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0742-597X J9 J MANAGE ENG JI J. Manage. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 12 IS 6 BP 25 EP 26 PG 2 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA VP004 UT WOS:A1996VP00400018 ER PT J AU Mather, B AF Mather, B TI Frost resistance of roller-compacted high-volume fly ash concrete - Discussion SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Letter RP Mather, B (reprint author), USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,STRUCT LAB,3909 HALLS FERRY RD,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0899-1561 J9 J MATER CIVIL ENG JI J. Mater. Civ. Eng. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 8 IS 4 BP 216 EP 216 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1996)8:4(216) PG 1 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA VP285 UT WOS:A1996VP28500008 ER PT J AU Frances, SP Klein, TA Wirtz, RA Eamsila, C Pilakasiri, C Linthicum, KJ AF Frances, SP Klein, TA Wirtz, RA Eamsila, C Pilakasiri, C Linthicum, KJ TI Plasmodium falciparum and P-vivax circumsporozoite proteins in anophelines (Diptera: Culicidae) collected in eastern Thailand SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles; malaria; mosquitoes; sporozoite; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SPOROZOITES AB In total, 414 anophelines, consisting of Anopheles karwari (James), An. splendidus Koidzumi, An. dirus Peyton & Harrison, and An. barbirostris Van der Wulp were collected in 2 provinces in eastern Thailand and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of circumsporozoite proteins. Plasmodium vivax CS protein was detected in 3.4% (2/54) of An. karwari and 4.8% (2/42) of An, barbirostris specimens. Bath P. vivax phenotypes, Pv247 and Pv210, were found in An. karwari, whereas only Pv247 was detected in An. barbirostris. Plasmodium falciparum CS protein was detected only in 0.3% (1/276) of An. dirus. Results indicate that An, barbirostris may play a role in the transmission of P. vivax in Chanthaburi Province, Thailand. C1 USA MED COMPONENT,ARMED FORCES RES INST MED SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL,BANGKOK 10400,THAILAND. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT ENTOMOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. ARMED FORCES RES INST MED SCI,ROYAL THAI COMPONENT,DIV RES,BANGKOK 10400,THAILAND. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 33 IS 6 BP 990 EP 991 PG 2 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA VR909 UT WOS:A1996VR90900021 PM 8961653 ER PT J AU Underwood, JH Parker, AP Corrigan, DJ Audino, MJ AF Underwood, JH Parker, AP Corrigan, DJ Audino, MJ TI Fatigue life measurements and analysis for overstrained tubes with evacuator holes SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference CY JUN 23-27, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB Sections of cannon tubes with inner radius of 53, 60, and 78 mm were cycled from near zero to 100-300 MPa internal pressure until fatigue failure occurred. The failure locations were along 2-mm holes cut through the cannon wall at a 30-deg angle to the tribe axis, for the purpose of evacuating combustion gases from the cannon after firing. The cannons had various amounts of autofrettage by overstraining, including 0, 30, 50, and 100 percent. The amount of overstrain affected both the initiation position of the fatigue crack along the evacuator hole and the measured fatigue life. Increasing the amount of overstrain moved the crack initiation from the tube inner radius toward a mid-wall position and significantly increased fatigue life. Fracture mechanics and solid mechanics-based calculations of fatigue life were performed for comparison with the measured lives. The calculations gave a goad description of the measured life, taking account of tube configuration, applied pressure, amount of overstrain, stress concentration of rite hole, crack size and shape, material fatigue crack rate behavior and yield strength, and pressure in the hole and on the crack surfaces. As with measured fatigue life, the calculated life was significantly affected by the amount of autofrettage of the tube. The ratio of outer to inner radius of the tube and the presence of pressure in the evacuator hole also had substantial effects on the calculated fatigue life. C1 NORTHUMBRIA UNIV,FAC ENGN SCI & TECHNOL,NEWCASTLE,NSW NE1 8ST,AUSTRALIA. RP Underwood, JH (reprint author), USA,ARMAMENT RES,BENET LABS,DEPT & ENGN CTR,BLDG 115,WATERVLIET,NY 12189, USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 1996 VL 118 IS 4 BP 424 EP 428 DI 10.1115/1.2842208 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA VV295 UT WOS:A1996VV29500005 ER PT J AU Taft, RM Cameron, SM Knudson, RC Runyan, DA AF Taft, RM Cameron, SM Knudson, RC Runyan, DA TI The effect of primers and surface characteristics on the adhesion-in-peel force of silicone elastomers bonded to resin materials SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article AB Facial prostheses, when used in conjunction with craniofacial implants, require a retentive matrix to hold attachments and/or magnets. The retentive matrix is usually fabricated with autopolymerizing acrylic resin or a visible light-polymerized resin. The purpose of this study was to compare the adhesion-in-peel force of a silicone adhesive to autopolymerizing polymethyl methacrylate and light-polymerizing urethane dimethacrylate gel with two surface textures: (1) pumice polish only or (2) pumice polish and bead retention, and two surface primers: (1) Dow Corning 1205 primer or (2) Dow Corning S-2260 primer. The 1205 primer produced an adhesion-in-peel force that was statistically significantly stronger (p <0.05) regardless of which type of resin or surface preparation was used. C1 USN,MED CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. EISENHOWER ARMY MED CTR,PROSTHODONT RESIDENCY PROGRAM,FT GORDON,GA. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. USA,DENT ACTIV,FT GORDON,GA 30905. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 76 IS 5 BP 515 EP 518 DI 10.1016/S0022-3913(96)90010-4 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA VR629 UT WOS:A1996VR62900011 PM 8933442 ER PT J AU Tzeng, JT Hopkins, DA AF Tzeng, JT Hopkins, DA TI Dynamic response of composite cylinders subjected to a moving internal pressure SO JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES LA English DT Article AB The dynamic response of a composite cylinder subjected to a moving pressure is investigated. The flexural wave in the wall of cylinder is modeled using both closed form analytic and finite element methods. Results indicate that very high amplitude and high Frequency strains are induced in the cylinder at the instant and location of pressure front passage as the velocity of pressure front approaches the propagation velocity of the flexural wave. The dynamic amplification effects are especially critical for overwrapped composite cylinders because of the multi-material construction. anisotropy of material propel ties, thermal degradation of material properties. and the design goals inherent in lightweight structures applications. RP Tzeng, JT (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,WEAPONS TECHNOL DIRECTORATE,PD,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 SN 0731-6844 J9 J REINF PLAST COMP JI J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 15 IS 11 BP 1088 EP 1105 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA VP518 UT WOS:A1996VP51800002 ER PT J AU Weinacht, P Sturek, WB AF Weinacht, P Sturek, WB TI Computation of the roll characteristics of a finned projectile SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB A computational technique has been developed and applied to predict the aerodynamic roll characteristics of a finned projectile. These aerodynamic parameters include the roll-producing moment, the roll-damping moment, and the equilibrium spin rate, defined as the spin rate for which the net roll moment is zero. The roll characteristics have been determined by computing the flowfield about the projectile using a parabolized Navier-Stokes computational approach. Because the body is not axisymmetric, a body-fixed rotating coordinate frame is employed to remove the time-dependency from the computation, The governing equations are appropriately modified to include the Coriolis and centrifugal accelerations resulting from the rotating coordinate frame. Comparison is made with results obtained experimentally from range firings and from engineering estimation approaches. The computed equilibrium spin rate and the spin histories agree well with the data obtained from range firings. The results likely represent the first known application of Navier-Stokes techniques for predicting the roll characteristic of nonaxisymmetric bodies. C1 USA,RES LAB,HIGH PERFORMANCE COMP DIV,ADV SIMULAT & HIGH PERFORMANCE COMP DIRECTORATE,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005. RP Weinacht, P (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,WEAPONS TECHNOL DIRECTORATE,AERODYNAM BRANCH,PROPULS & FLIGHT DIV,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 33 IS 6 BP 769 EP 775 DI 10.2514/3.26836 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA VX930 UT WOS:A1996VX93000002 ER PT J AU Lessem, A Mason, G Ahlvin, R AF Lessem, A Mason, G Ahlvin, R TI Stochastic vehicle mobility forecasts using the NATO Reference Mobility Model SO JOURNAL OF TERRAMECHANICS LA English DT Article AB The NATO Reference Mobility Model (NRMM) is a comprehensive means of predicting the speeds of military vehicles in on-road, off-road, and gap-crossing contexts. The model has been in service for many years and helps user communities concerned with vehicle design, wargaming, and strategic planning. Recent developments in computer hardware and software are creating an opportunity for NRMM to serve a tactical role on the battlefield. Adaptation of NRMM to this role requires that its users come to grips with the collection of digital data to describe vehicle, terrain, and scenario data in a rear-time environment. This paper discusses the performance of NRMM when selected inputs and algorithms contain random components. A developmental pathway is outlined that leads from current deterministic mobility forecasts to stochastic forecasts capable of suggesting the risks taken when speed predictions must be made in the presence of data and algorithm errors. Concepts that express measures of confidence for wide-area mobility forecasts when errors are known with small-area detail are described. Several numerical examples are given. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of ISTVS. RP Lessem, A (reprint author), USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,3909 HALLS FERRY RD,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4898 J9 J TERRAMECHANICS JI J. Terramech. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 33 IS 6 BP 273 EP 280 DI 10.1016/S0022-4898(97)00010-4 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA XY097 UT WOS:A1996XY09700002 ER PT J AU Cortez, R Zaghloul, HH Stephenson, LD Smith, ED Wood, JW Cahill, DG AF Cortez, R Zaghloul, HH Stephenson, LD Smith, ED Wood, JW Cahill, DG TI Laboratory scale thermal plasma arc vitrification studies of heavy metal-laden waste SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Plasma processing has been identified as a useful tool for immobilizing heavy metal-contaminated wastes into safe, leach-resistant slag. Although much effort has gone into developing this technology on a pilot scale, not much information has been published on basic research topics. A laboratory-scale plasma are furnace located at the University of Illinois was operated in cooperation with the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories in an effort to establish an understanding of the chemical and physical processes (such as metal volatilization and resultant gas evolution) that occur during thermal plasma treatment of metal-spiked samples. Experiments were conducted on nickel and chromium using a highly instrumented furnace equipped with a 75 kW transferred are plasma torch. The volatility of nickel and chromium was examined as a function of varying oxygen partial pressures. Oxidizing conditions reduced the total dust gathered for both the nickel and chromium samples, although each dust sample was found to be metal-enriched. Plasma treating increased the leach-resistance of the slags by at least one order of magnitude when compared to unprocessed specimens. The leach resistance of the nickel-containing slags increased in the presence of oxygen, whereas chromium samples remained relatively constant. C1 USA,CONSTRUCT ENGN LABS,IND OPERAT DIV,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61826. USA,CONSTRUCT ENGN LABS,DIV ENGN,FACILIT TECHNOL LAB,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61826. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,URBANA,IL 61801. RI Cahill, David/B-3495-2014 NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1075 EP 1080 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA VT096 UT WOS:A1996VT09600006 PM 28071519 ER PT J AU Warren, WL Seager, CH Robertson, J Kanicki, J Poindexter, EH AF Warren, WL Seager, CH Robertson, J Kanicki, J Poindexter, EH TI Creation and properties of nitrogen dangling bond defects in silicon nitride thin films SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS-SILICON; INDUCED PARAMAGNETIC DEFECTS; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; SI-N FILMS; SLOW PROCESSES; MODEL; CENTERS; ENERGY AB The photocreation mechanisms and properties of nitrogen dangling bonds in amorphous hydrogenated silicon nitride (a-SiNx:H) thin films are investigated. We find that the photocreation is strongly dependent on film deposition conditions, illumination temperature, and postdeposition thermal treatment. Our results suggest that Ii largely passivates N dangling bonds and/or precursor sites in the as-deposited films. The N-H bonds can then dissociate by a high-temperature deposition or postdeposition anneal (T > 500 degrees C), leaving behind charged N sites which become paramagnetic after exposure to UV Light. The N dangling bond is found to be an electrically active point defect. Its electrical and magnetic properties can be explained by assuming that the N defect centers can be cycled between its positive, negative, and neutral charge states. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT ENGN,CAMBRIDGE CB2 1PZ,ENGLAND. UNIV MICHIGAN,CTR DISPLAY TECHNOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. USA,RES LAB,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703. RP Warren, WL (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 34 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 143 IS 11 BP 3685 EP 3691 DI 10.1149/1.1837272 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA VU821 UT WOS:A1996VU82100051 ER PT J AU Lee, JW Vartuli, CB Abernathy, CR MacKenzie, JD Mileham, JR Pearton, SJ Shul, RJ Zolper, JC HagerottCrawford, M Zavada, JM Wilson, RG Schwartz, RN AF Lee, JW Vartuli, CB Abernathy, CR MacKenzie, JD Mileham, JR Pearton, SJ Shul, RJ Zolper, JC HagerottCrawford, M Zavada, JM Wilson, RG Schwartz, RN TI Etching processes for fabrication of GaN/InGaN/AlN microdisk laser structures SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIBPN) CY MAY 28-31, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE Electron Device Soc, Opt Soc Amer ID ALN; NITRIDE; GAN; INN AB Several new wet and dry etch processes required for fabrication of microdisk lasers in the III nitrides have been developed. ICl/Ar electron cyclotron resonance plasmas produce etch rates of 1.3 mu m/ min for GaN and 1.15 mu m/min for InN at 1000 W microwave power and 250 W Of rf power. These rates are substantially faster than previously investigated Cl-2/Ar or CH4/H-2 plasma chemistries. Selectivities of 5-6 over AlN are obtained for these materials. Wet chemical etching of AlN and InxAl1-xN in KOH-based solutions was found to be a strong function of etch temperature and material quality. The activation energy for these materials was in the range 2-6 kcal/mol, typical of diffusion-controlled processes. The KOH solutions did not etch GaN or InN at temperature as high as 80 degrees C. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. SANDIA NATL LABS, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87185 USA. USA, RES LAB, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. HUGHES RES LABS, MALIBU, CA 90265 USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 14 IS 6 BP 3637 EP 3640 DI 10.1116/1.588740 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA VZ361 UT WOS:A1996VZ36100041 ER PT J AU Cordts, PR Gawley, TS AF Cordts, PR Gawley, TS TI Anatomic and physiologic changes in lower extremity venous hemodynamics associated with pregnancy SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Meeting of the American Venous Forum CY FEB 22-24, 1996 CL SAN DIEGO, CA ID VARICOSE DISEASE; VEINS; DELIVERY; LEG AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the physiologic effects of pregnancy on lower extremity venous hemodynamics. Methods: Eight pregnant women, six with no known venous disease (NVD) and two with documented deep venous obstruction (DVO), were identified in the first trimester (TM) and studied monthly until delivery and once postpartum (pp) by air plethysmography and duplex scan. Results: None of six women in the NVD group (12 extremities) had obstruction or elevated ambulatory venous pressures as estimated by air plethysmography. In addition, despite significant increases in common femoral vein and saphenofemoral junction diameters, no woman in the NVD group had reflux by either test. Venous filling index increased significantly during pregnancy and decreased significantly pp, but all values remained within the normal range (0.55 +/- 0.2 ml/sec first TM, 1.01 +/- 0.38 ml/sec late third TM, 0.58 +/- 0.08 ml/sec pp; p < 0.03 both comparisons). Common femoral vein diameters increased and decreased in similar fashion (0.99 +/- 0.25 cm first TM, 1.21 +/- 0.25 cm late third TM, 0.80 +/- 0.11 cm pp; p < 0.0005 first vs late third TM, p < 0.005 late third TM vs pp). Saphenofemoral junction vein diameters similarly increased and decreased in size (0.46 +/- 0.07 cm first TM, 0.68 +/- 0.19 cm late third TM, 0.50 +/- 0.10 cm pp; p < 0.01 first vs late third TM, p < 0.03 late third TM vs pp). Neither of the two women in the DVO group showed deterioration of outflow fraction or venous filling index as pregnancy progressed, and neither had thromboembolic complications despite moderate to severe preexisting obstruction. Both women in the DVO group delivered uneventfully. No woman in either group developed varicose veins. Conclusion: Pregnancy-induced changes in lower extremity venous hemodynamics in the NVD and DVO groups were detected but were small. Hormonal or other systemic factors must play a significant role in the development of postpartum varicose veins. RP Cordts, PR (reprint author), TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT SURG,MCHKDSG,CDR,VASC SURG SERV,1 JARRETT WHITE RD,HONOLULU,HI 96859, USA. NR 17 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 24 IS 5 BP 763 EP 767 DI 10.1016/S0741-5214(96)70010-1 PG 5 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA VR838 UT WOS:A1996VR83800010 PM 8918321 ER PT J AU Weber, J Fenyo, EM Beddows, S Kaleebu, P Bjorndal, A Osmanov, S Heyward, W Esparza, J GalvaoCastro, B vandePerre, P Karita, E Wasi, C Sempala, S Tugume, B Biryahwaho, B RubsamenWaigmann, H vonBriesen, H Esser, R Grez, M Holmes, H Newberry, A Ranjbar, S Tomlinson, P Bradac, J McCutchan, F Louwagie, J Hegerich, P LopezGalindez, C Olivares, I Dopazo, J Mullins, JI Delwart, EL Bachmann, HM Goudsmit, J deWolf, F Hahn, BH Gao, F Yue, L Saragosti, S Schochetman, G Kalish, M Luo, CC George, R Pau, CP CheingsongPopov, R Nara, P Albert, J Myers, G Korber, B AF Weber, J Fenyo, EM Beddows, S Kaleebu, P Bjorndal, A Osmanov, S Heyward, W Esparza, J GalvaoCastro, B vandePerre, P Karita, E Wasi, C Sempala, S Tugume, B Biryahwaho, B RubsamenWaigmann, H vonBriesen, H Esser, R Grez, M Holmes, H Newberry, A Ranjbar, S Tomlinson, P Bradac, J McCutchan, F Louwagie, J Hegerich, P LopezGalindez, C Olivares, I Dopazo, J Mullins, JI Delwart, EL Bachmann, HM Goudsmit, J deWolf, F Hahn, BH Gao, F Yue, L Saragosti, S Schochetman, G Kalish, M Luo, CC George, R Pau, CP CheingsongPopov, R Nara, P Albert, J Myers, G Korber, B TI Neutralization serotypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 field isolates are not predicted by genetic subtype SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRAL GENOTYPE; HIV TYPE-1; ANTIBODIES; CELL AB Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) primary isolates from four geographical locations in Thailand, Brazil, Rwanda, and Uganda, representing genetic subtypes A, B, C, D, and E, were examined for autologous and heterologous neutralization by panels of human HIV+ polyclonal plasma. In independent linked experiments in three laboratories using diverse methodologies and common reagents, no defined pattern of genetic subtype-specific neutralization was observed. Most plasma tested were broadly cross-neutralizing across two or more genetic subtypes, although the titer of neutralization varied across a wide range. We conclude that the genetic subtypes of HIV-1 are not classical neutralization serotypes. C1 KAROLINSKA INST,MICROBIOL & TUMOUR BIOL CTR,S-10401 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. WHO,GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. OSWALDO CRUZ FDN,SALVADOR,BA,BRAZIL. NATL HIV AIDS REFERENCE LAB,KIGALI,RWANDA. MAHIDOL UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,BANGKOK 10700,THAILAND. UGANDA VIRUS RES INST,ENTEBBE,UGANDA. GEORG SPEYER HAUS CHEMOTHERAPEUT FORSCHUNGSINST,FRANKFURT,GERMANY. NATL INST BIOL STAND & CONTROLS,LONDON NW3 6RB,ENGLAND. NIAID,DIV AIDS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,HENRY M JACKSON FDN LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD. INST SALUD CARLOS III,CTR NACL BIOL CELULAR & RETROVIRUS,MADRID,SPAIN. STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV AMSTERDAM,ACAD MED CTR,HUMAN RETROVIRUS LAB,NL-1105 AZ AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT MED,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. INST COCHIN,PARIS,FRANCE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ST MARYS HOSP,SCH MED,LONDON,ENGLAND. NCI,VIRUS BIOL UNIT,FREDERICK,MD 21701. SWEDISH INST INFECT DIS CONTROL,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Weber, J (reprint author), ST MARYS HOSP,UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED,DEPT COMMUNICABLE DIS,LONDON W2,ENGLAND. RI Dopazo, Joaquin/A-9270-2014; Lopez-Galindez, Cecilio/A-3603-2008; Van de Perre, Philippe/B-9692-2008 OI Dopazo, Joaquin/0000-0003-3318-120X; Lopez-Galindez, Cecilio/0000-0002-2324-9584; Van de Perre, Philippe/0000-0002-3912-0427 NR 27 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 70 IS 11 BP 7827 EP 7832 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA VL792 UT WOS:A1996VL79200052 PM 8892904 ER PT J AU Ferrick, MG Calkins, DJ AF Ferrick, MG Calkins, DJ TI Risk-equivalent seasonal discharge programs for ice-covered rivers - Discussion SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material RP Ferrick, MG (reprint author), USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,72 LYME RD,HANOVER,NH 03755, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 122 IS 6 BP 442 EP 444 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1996)122:6(442) PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA VN872 UT WOS:A1996VN87200008 ER PT J AU Hughes, SA Fowler, JE AF Hughes, SA Fowler, JE TI Estimating wave-induced kinematics at sloping structures - Closure SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material RP Hughes, SA (reprint author), USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,COASTAL ENGN RES CTR,3909 HALLS FERRY RD,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 122 IS 6 BP 304 EP 305 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1996)122:6(304) PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA VP286 UT WOS:A1996VP28600009 ER PT J AU Chen, ZP Kaplan, DL Gao, H Kumar, J Marx, KA Tripathy, SK AF Chen, ZP Kaplan, DL Gao, H Kumar, J Marx, KA Tripathy, SK TI Molecular assembly of multilayer enzyme: Toward the development of a chemiluminescence-based fiber optic biosensor SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC MATERIALS SENSORS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE biosensors; molecular assembly; optical fiber sensor; chemiluminescence; pesticide ID PESTICIDES; FRUITS AB We report here on a technique to immobilize st multilayer enzyme assembly on an optical fiber surface. A multilayer of an enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, was immobilized by chemical cross-linking on an optical fiber surface. Chemiluminescence, ellipsometry, and surface plasmon resonance were used to characterize the structure and activity of the assembly. A chemiluminescence-based fiber optic biosensor utilizing this immobilization technique has been developed for the detection of organophosphorus-based pesticides. Detection of pesticide at sub-ppm level has been achieved for paraoxon. C1 USA,NATICK RES DEV & ENGN CTR,DIV BIOTECHNOL,NATICK,MA 01760. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT PHYS,LOWELL,MA 01854. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT CHEM,LOWELL,MA 01854. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0928-4931 J9 MAT SCI ENG C-BIOMIM JI Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Mater. Sens. Syst. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 4 IS 3 BP 155 EP 159 DI 10.1016/S0928-4931(96)00154-3 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA WH752 UT WOS:A1996WH75200005 ER PT J AU Xu, XD Kommareddi, N McCormick, M Baumgartner, T John, VT McPherson, GL Akkara, JA Kaplan, DL AF Xu, XD Kommareddi, N McCormick, M Baumgartner, T John, VT McPherson, GL Akkara, JA Kaplan, DL TI The microstructure of polymers enzymatically synthesized in a self-assembling environment SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC MATERIALS SENSORS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE reverse micelles; microencapsulation; polymer microspheres ID PEROXIDASE AB Polyphenols are synthesized in the self-assembling environment of reversed micelles using an oxidative enzyme, horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Hydrogen-bonding interactions between the monomer and the surfactant lead to monomer partitioning to the micellar interface. The polymer has the morphology of distinct and interconnected micron-sized spherical particles. The internal microstructure of the particles appears to be made up of nanometer-sized polymer patches. By controlling the extent of reaction it is possible to modify the internal density of these polymer microspheres. Intramicellar solutes such as enzymes and nanoparticles are entrapped within the microspheres and confer specific properties to the resulting composite. This leads to a method of microencapsulation and the preparation of novel polymer-protein and/or polymer-ceramic composites. C1 TULANE UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. TULANE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. USA,SOLDIER SYST COMMAND,NATICK,MA 01760. RI John, Vijay/G-3747-2010 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0928-4931 J9 MAT SCI ENG C-BIOMIM JI Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Mater. Sens. Syst. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 4 IS 3 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1016/S0928-4931(96)00148-8 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA WH752 UT WOS:A1996WH75200006 ER PT J AU Ayyagari, M Akkara, JA Kaplan, DL AF Ayyagari, M Akkara, JA Kaplan, DL TI Characterization of phenolic polymers synthesized by enzyme-mediated reactions in bulk solvents and at oil-water interfaces SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC MATERIALS SENSORS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE phenolic polymers; synthesis; enzymes; bulk solvents; oil-water interfaces ID POLYMERIZATION; PEROXIDASE AB Phenolic polymers are synthesized from horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed reactions in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The reactions are carried out in homogeneous mixtures of water and polar solvents such as DMF as well as at the oil-water interface of AOT/isooctane reversed micelles and isooctane-water biphasic systems. Polymer characteristics are analyzed using thermal, spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. Polymer molecular weight dependence on the reaction medium composition is demonstrated for poly(p-ethylphenol) and poly(m-cresol). It is shown that thermal curing of polymers leads to cross-linking, and as a result, there is a significant increase in molecular weight. Cross-linking appears to be directly to the aromatic rings, and not via ether links, as inferred from infrared spectra. A process scheme for the production, under controlled conditions, of phenolic polymers in ethanol-water mixtures is presented. The process allows enhanced monomer conversions and ability to tailor polymer molecular weight. Possible applications for phenolic polymers are discussed. C1 USA,NATICK RES DEV & ENGN CTR,SOLDIER SYST COMMAND,NATICK,MA 01760. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0928-4931 J9 MAT SCI ENG C-BIOMIM JI Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Mater. Sens. Syst. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 4 IS 3 BP 169 EP 173 DI 10.1016/S0928-4931(96)00144-0 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA WH752 UT WOS:A1996WH75200007 ER PT J AU Sarma, R Alva, KS Marx, KA Tripathy, SK Akkara, JA Kaplan, DL AF Sarma, R Alva, KS Marx, KA Tripathy, SK Akkara, JA Kaplan, DL TI Enzymatic polymerization of amphiphilic alkyl tyrosine derivatives from emulsions SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC MATERIALS SENSORS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE micelles; polyphenol; horseradish peroxidase; enzymatic polymerization ID PEROXIDASE; OXIDATION AB Horseradish peroxidase catalyzed polymerizations of amphiphilic derivatives of d- and l-isomers of tyrosine have been carried out in micellar solutions. The rate of polymerization has been found to be maximum at a pH of 6.1-6.2 and showed a second-order dependence on the monomer concentration. This enzyme shows stereospecificity towards the d-isomer compared to the d-isomer, which is consistent with the aqueous reaction with underivatized isomers of tyrosine. The resulting polymers, having a molecular weight of 2700, have been characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and H-1 NMR. The polymer shows surface activity at the air-water interface unlike the corresponding monomer, which aggregates under identical conditions. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT CHEM,CTR ADV MAT,LOWELL,MA 01854. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT CHEM,CTR INTELLIGENT BIOMAT,LOWELL,MA 01854. USA,NATICK RES DEV & ENGN CTR,DIV BIOTECHNOL,NATICK,MA 01760. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0928-4931 J9 MAT SCI ENG C-BIOMIM JI Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Mater. Sens. Syst. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 4 IS 3 BP 189 EP 192 DI 10.1016/S0928-4931(96)00152-X PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA WH752 UT WOS:A1996WH75200010 ER PT J AU Wittich, AC AF Wittich, AC TI Gynecologic evaluation of the first female soldiers enrolled in the Gulf War Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Program at Tripler Army Medical Center SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VETERANS AB Tripler Army Medical Center initiated the Department of Defense's Persian Gulf Illness Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Program (CCEP) on June 15, 1994. In the first 5 months, 100 patients enrolled in this program. Sixteen (16%) were women who served in the Persian Gulf during Desert Shield/Desert Storm, and 1 (1%) was the dependent wife of a Gulf War veteran who is experiencing illness that may be related to the Persian Gulf War. All 17 women enrolled in the CCEP were evaluated in the Tripler Army Medical Center Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic between June 17 and November 10, 1994. Each patient underwent gynecologic history, pelvic exam, Pap smear, and screen for fecal occult blood, Ten patients underwent baseline mammograms and 13 patients underwent urogenital and cervical cultures for aerobic bacteria, chlamydia and herpes simplex. The 1 patient with an abnormal Pap smear underwent cervical and endocervical biopsies and colposcopy (histology demonstrated no dysplasia or neoplasia). Half of the 16 Gulf War veterans experienced gynecologic problems while serving in the Gulf and 43% admitted gynecologic problems since returning in 1991. Of 6 patients who became pregnant after returning, 5 had normal pregnancies and 1 suffered four miscarriages. C1 TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,HONOLULU,HI 96859. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 161 IS 11 BP 635 EP 637 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VT576 UT WOS:A1996VT57600001 PM 8961714 ER PT J AU Gambel, JM Hibbs, RG AF Gambel, JM Hibbs, RG TI US military overseas medical research laboratories SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PROTECTION AB Many infectious disease threats to U.S. military operations are uncommon in the United States, The advanced development and testing of countermeasures, such as vaccines, drugs, or insect repellents, requires the capability to study militarily important infectious diseases where they occur. With formal agreements between the U.S. and each host country, the U.S. military operates seven overseas medical research laboratories (labs), Six labs conduct infectious disease research and are distributed over three continents; Africa (labs in Egypt and Kenya), Asia (labs in Indonesia and Thailand), and South America (labs in Brazil and Peru), One other lab is located in Germany and conducts psychosocial research related to military personnel and their families. In addition to product development, these labs play vital roles supporting overseas deployments, providing technical training, and promoting international relations, Also, these labs are well positioned to become part of a developing global surveillance and response system to help address the threat posed by emerging infectious diseases, This article will present an overview of this unique medical research capability, describe the history and some of the activities of each lab, and discuss the importance of maintaining these labs in the 21st century. RP Gambel, JM (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV PREVENT MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 161 IS 11 BP 638 EP 645 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VT576 UT WOS:A1996VT57600002 PM 8961715 ER PT J AU Rosen, LN Martin, L AF Rosen, LN Martin, L TI Childhood antecedents of psychological adaptation to military life SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; PHYSICAL ABUSE; VETERANS; SUPPORT; COMBAT AB This study examined the impact of a history of childhood abuse and neglect on soldiers' adaptation to Army life including commitment to the Army, confidence in leaders, and perceptions of unit cohesion and readiness, Childhood abuse and neglect were measured by the 30-item Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) which comprises four subscales-sexual abuse, physical-emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect, Information was obtained through a survey of 1,051 male soldiers and 305 female soldiers from combat support and combat service support units located at three different Army posts in the United States, The study found that of the four CTQ subscales, emotional neglect was the only variable predicting lower unit cohesion and lower confidence in leaders for both male and female soldiers even after controlling for concurrent psychological symptoms and sociodemographic variables. Emotional neglect during childhood may have a negative impact on soldiers' ability to access social support within their units, a factor that has been shown to prevent psychological breakdown in combat. RP Rosen, LN (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT MIL PSYCHIAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 161 IS 11 BP 665 EP 668 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VT576 UT WOS:A1996VT57600007 PM 8961720 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JA AF Caldwell, JA TI Effects of operationally effective doses of dextroamphetamine on heart rates and blood pressures of army aviators SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GENDER DIFFERENCES; SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; PHARMACOKINETICS; PHARMACODYNAMICS; PERFORMANCE AB The cardiovascular effects of 30 mg of dextroamphetamine, given in divided 10-mg doses at midnight, 4 a.m., and 8 a.m, during a sustained-operations scenario, were explored, Blood pressures and heart rates of male and female UH-60 pilots were measured during two periods of continuous wakefulness in which subjects received dextroamphetamine and placebo. Persistent elevations in heart rates were observed from 2 hours after the second 10-mg dose of dextroamphetamine until the end of the day, Systolic blood pressures of males were elevated from 1 hour after the first 10-mg dose until 5 hours after the third 10-mg dose. Systolic blood pressures of females increased 1 hour after the third 10-mg dose of dextroamphetamine and remained high until 6 hours after the third 10-mg dose, Diastolic blood pressures in both genders showed a persistent elevation from 2 hours past the second 10-mg dose until 6 hours after the third 10-mg dose. These changes did not result in any clinically detectable adverse sequelae. RP Caldwell, JA (reprint author), USA,AEROMED RES LAB,POB 620577,FT RUCKER,AL 36362, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 161 IS 11 BP 673 EP 678 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VT576 UT WOS:A1996VT57600009 PM 8961722 ER PT J AU Cripps, K Kerns, DG Greenwell, H AF Cripps, K Kerns, DG Greenwell, H TI Assessing hyperanticoagulation of dental patients undergoing warfarin therapy SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANTICOAGULANT-THERAPY; TRANEXAMIC ACID; ORAL-SURGERY AB Patients often undergo a number of dental procedures that may cause bleeding, Usually these procedures can be performed with little risk to the patient. However, patients on medications such as warfarin (Coumadin) have an altered ability to control bleeding and may develop bleeding problems subsequent to treatment. Once this potential problem has been recognized, measures can be taken to minimize the risks. Patients on warfarin are on specific medication protocols and often exhibit episodes of hyperanticoagulation. The purpose of this study was to assess patients on warfarin protocols for episodes of hyperanticoagulation. Sixty-two patients undergoing anticoagulation therapy with warfarin were assessed for episodes of hyperanticoagulation with the prothrombin test. Based on these results, it can be concluded that patients taking warfarin had an approximately 42% chance of at least one episode of hyperanticoagulation. No specific warfarin protocol demonstrated any statistical significance for an increased chance of hyperanticoagulation. C1 USA,DENT ACTIV,FT KNOX,KY 40121. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 161 IS 11 BP 679 EP 682 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VT576 UT WOS:A1996VT57600010 PM 8961723 ER PT J AU Klatka, LA Louis, ED Schiffer, RB AF Klatka, LA Louis, ED Schiffer, RB TI Psychiatric features in diffuse Lewy body disease: A clinicopathologic study using Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease comparison groups SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROGRESSIVE DEMENTIA; SENILE DEMENTIA; DEPRESSION; VARIANT; BODIES AB We conducted a retrospective study to determine the frequency of depression, hallucinations, and delusions in patients with diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD) and to compare these findings with those in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). One hundred twelve subjects were included in the study. Of these, 28 subjects were diagnosed with DLBD, 58 with AD, and 26 with PD at autopsy. Main outcome measures included the percentages of subjects in each of the three categories in whom depression, hallucinations, or delusions were reported at any time during the course of the illness. Hallucinations and delusions were further classified by type. We found that depression was more common in DLBD (50.0%) than in AD (13.8%) (chi(2) = 13.00, p = 0.0003). There was no difference in the frequency of depression in DLBD and PD (57.7%) (chi(2) = 0.32, p = 0.57). Hallucinations were reported more frequently in DLBD (60.7%) than in AD (34.5%) (chi(2) = 5.30, p = 0.021). There was no difference in the frequency of hallucinations in DLBD and PD (53.8%) (chi(2) = 0.26,p = 0.61). Delusions were more common in DLBD (57.1%) than in PD (15.4%) (chi(2) = 10.08, P = 0.0015). There was no difference in the frequency of delusions in DLBD and AD (53.4%) (chi(2) = 0.10, p = 0.75). There was a male predominance of DLBD cases and PD cases; AD cases were predominantly women. We conclude that psychiatric features are very common in DLBD and should be a central diagnostic criterion for the disease. C1 UNIV ROCHESTER,MED CTR,DEPT NEUROL,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. UNIV ROCHESTER,MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT NEUROL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG,DEPT NEUROL,NEW YORK,NY 10032. COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG,GERTRUDE H SERGIEVSKY CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10032. FU NIA NIH HHS [P30AG08665, T32AG00107-11]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS010863] NR 27 TC 119 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 0 PU LITTLE BROWN CO PI BOSTON PA 34 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MA 02108-1493 SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD NOV PY 1996 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1148 EP 1152 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA VR425 UT WOS:A1996VR42500005 PM 8909420 ER PT J AU Schomer, PD Wagner, LR AF Schomer, PD Wagner, LR TI On the contribution of noticeability of environmental sounds to noise annoyance SO NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LEVEL AB The purpose of this paper is to study noticeability of sounds as a function of sound level and sound character, Noticing an event should be a prerequisite for annoyance; one should need to notice an event for it to be annoying and for it to contribute to an overall impression of annoyance, This noticeability should be a function of the character of the sound, For example, for the same A-weighted sound exposure, a helicopter may be much more noticeable than a fixed-wing aircraft because of the impulsive blade-slap sound. This study was performed ill situ, in respondents' homes; there were no artificial sounds or tape recordings, Clusters of subjects were chosen and an outdoor sound monitor was used to measure single-event A-weighted sound exposure level (ASEL) and record the times at which they occurred, The three sources studied were helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft, and trains, For the same ASEL, helicopter sounds were not found to generate any greater annoyance per event than did the other two sounds, Rate of response was used as the main indicator of noticeability, The rate of response function for helicopter sounds grew at 3 times the rate of response functions found for airplanes at Los Angeles airport and trains at Aberdeen Proving Ground. Thus, this paper shows that sound noticeability may be a significant variable for predicting human response to noise, The character of the sound is a key ingredient to noticeability, Helicopters, with their distinct sound character, appear to be more noticeable than other sounds for the same A-weighted sound exposure level. (C) 1996 Institute of Noise Control Engineering. RP Schomer, PD (reprint author), USA,CONSTRUCT ENGN RES LAB,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61821, USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU INST NOISE CONTROL ENG PI POUGHKEEPSIE PA PO BOX 3206 ARLINGTON BRANCH, POUGHKEEPSIE, NY 12603 SN 0736-2501 J9 NOISE CONTROL ENG JI Noise Control Eng. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 44 IS 6 BP 294 EP 305 DI 10.3397/1.2828415 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Engineering GA WR890 UT WOS:A1996WR89000004 ER PT J AU Benson, JW AF Benson, JW TI Real-time blast noise detection and wind noise rejection system SO NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE AB Wind-induced noise causes many problems for unattended noise monitoring, This is especially true for the monitoring of low-frequency artillery blast noise, The wind noise can effectively mask the blasts and cause an abundance of false threshold events. This paper outlines the development of a real-time system capable of detecting blasts within wind noise while rejecting nonacoustic noise events caused by the wind. The system uses a combination of spectral and correlation methods to achieve the discrimination. Performance testing shows that detection and rejection rates of 97 percent can be achieved. (C) 1996 Institute of Noise Control Engineering. RP Benson, JW (reprint author), USA,CONSTRUCT ENGN RES LAB,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61826, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NOISE CONTROL ENG PI POUGHKEEPSIE PA PO BOX 3206 ARLINGTON BRANCH, POUGHKEEPSIE, NY 12603 SN 0736-2501 J9 NOISE CONTROL ENG JI Noise Control Eng. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 44 IS 6 BP 306 EP 314 DI 10.3397/1.2828416 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Engineering GA WR890 UT WOS:A1996WR89000005 ER PT J AU Yancey, MK Schuchat, A Brown, LK Ventura, VL Markenson, GR AF Yancey, MK Schuchat, A Brown, LK Ventura, VL Markenson, GR TI The accuracy of late antenatal screening cultures in predicting genital group B streptococcal colonization at delivery SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE INTRAPARTUM CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; EARLY-ONSET DISEASE; PREGNANT-WOMEN; CARRIAGE; PREVENTION; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION AB Objective: To determine the accuracy of late antenatal anogenital cultures in predicting group B streptococcal colonization at delivery. Methods: Swabs of the vagina and rectum were obtained from 826 women during routine prenatal visits at approximately 35-36 weeks' estimated gestation. The same women were recultured at admission for delivery. Swabs were cultured in broth media. Test performance indices were calculated using culture status at the time of delivery as the reference. Based on the sensitivity and specificity of antenatal cultures derived from analysis of this study population, we estimated predictive values of late antenatal cultures for a range of group B streptococcal carriage rates. Results: Group B streptococci were identified in specimens from 219 of 826 women (26.5%). The sensitivity of late antenatal cultures for identifying colonization status at delivery was 87% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 83-92). Specificity was 96% (95% CI 95-98). Positive predictive value was 87% (95% CI 83-92), and negative predictive value was 96% (95% CI 95-98). Test performance was similar from 1-5 weeks before delivery, but declined when 6 or more weeks had elapsed between the antenatal culture and delivery. Among patients cultured 6 or more weeks before delivery, sensitivity was only 43%, specificity 85%, and positive and negative predictive values were 50 and 81%, respectively. We estimated positive and negative predictive values of 85 and 97% for a colonization rate of 20%, and 79 and 98% for a colonization rate of 15%. Conclusion: Anogenital cultures in broth media obtained during the late antenatal period are accurate in predicting group B streptococcal colonization status at delivery in term parturients, and they perform significantly (P < .01) better than cultures collected 6 or more weeks before delivery. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP Yancey, MK (reprint author), TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,DIV MATERNAL FETAL MED,HONOLULU,HI 96859, USA. NR 25 TC 129 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 88 IS 5 BP 811 EP 815 DI 10.1016/0029-7844(96)00320-1 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA VP614 UT WOS:A1996VP61400014 PM 8885919 ER PT J AU Peele, KA Kennerdell, JS Maroon, JC Kalnicki, S Kazim, M Gardner, T Malton, M Goodglick, T Rosen, C AF Peele, KA Kennerdell, JS Maroon, JC Kalnicki, S Kazim, M Gardner, T Malton, M Goodglick, T Rosen, C TI The role of postoperative irradiation in the management of sphenoid wing meningiomas - A preliminary report SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-Academy-of-Ophthalmology Annual Meeting CY OCT-NOV -, 1995 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Acad Ophthalmol ID RADIATION-THERAPY; RESECTED MENINGIOMAS; RECURRENCE; RIDGE AB Purpose: To determine whether postoperative radiation therapy decreases recurrence rates in subtotally excised and recurrent sphenoid wing meningiomas. Methods: Patients with primary subtotally excised and recurrent sphenoid wing meningiomas who underwent surgery between 1981 and 1994 (n = 105) were prospectively followed for recurrence. Postoperative radiation was not recommended in patients who had complete excision; therefore, their recurrence rates were not evaluated in this study. Patients with malignant meningiomas also were excluded from analysis. Recurrence was defined as evidence of tumor growth on neuroimaging with or without clinical symptoms. Results: Follow-up information was available for 86 patients: 69 had primary subtotally excised tumors and 17 had recurrent tumors. Follow-up information was unavailable in the remaining 19 patients. Tumor location and histopathology, type of surgery performed, and patient sex and age were similar in the irradiated and nonirradiated subgroups. Postoperative irradiation was delivered to 31 patients with primary tumors and 11 with recurrent tumors; none of these 42 patients had recurrence during a mean observation period of 4.2 and 3.5 years, respectively. The nonirradiated group consisted of 38 patients with primary tumors and 6 with recurrent tumors; 16 of 18 patients who had primary meningiomas had a recurrence and 5 of 6 who had recurrent tumors had another relapse (mean interval between resection and recurrence, 4.4 years and 14 months, respectively). Conclusions: Postoperative radiation appeared to delay recurrence in subtotally excised and recurrent sphenoid wing meningiomas during the time frame of this study. C1 MED COLL PENN & HAHNEMANN UNIV,ALLEGHENY GEN HOSP,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15212. MED COLL PENN & HAHNEMANN UNIV,ALLEGHENY GEN HOSP,DEPT NEUROSURG,PITTSBURGH,PA 15212. MED COLL PENN & HAHNEMANN UNIV,ALLEGHENY GEN HOSP,DEPT RADIAT ONCOL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15212. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,OPHTHALMOL SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. COLUMBIA PRESBYTERIAN MED CTR,HARKNES EYE INST,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,NEW YORK,NY 10032. KAISER PERMANENTE,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,DENVER,CO. MECKLERBERG EYE ASSOCIATES,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,CHARLOTTE,NC. WASHINGTON HOSP CTR,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20010. OPHTHALMOL ASSOCIATES,ANCHORAGE,AK. NR 26 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD NOV PY 1996 VL 103 IS 11 BP 1761 EP 1766 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA VU097 UT WOS:A1996VU09700018 PM 8942867 ER PT J AU Stann, BL Ruff, WC Sztankay, ZG AF Stann, BL Ruff, WC Sztankay, ZG TI Intensity-modulated diode laser radar using frequency-modulation/continuous-wave ranging techniques SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ladar; lidar; laser radar AB This paper treats a practical adaptation of frequency modulation (FM) radar ranging principles to an incoherent laser radar (ladar). In the simplest sense, the ladar's laser transmitter output is amplitude-modulated with a radio-frequency subcarrier, which itself is linearly frequency-modulated. The subcarrier signal may have a start frequency in the tens to low hundreds of megahertz and a stop frequency in the hundreds of megahertz to low gigahertz. The difference between the start and stop frequency, Delta F, is chosen to establish the desired range resolution Delta R according to the usual equation from FM radar theory, Delta R=c/2 Delta F, where c is the velocity of light. The target-reflected light is incoherently detected with a photodiode and converted into a voltage waveform. This waveform is then mixed with an undelayed sample of the original modulation waveform. The output of the mixer is processed to remove ''self-clutter'' that is commonly generated in FM ranging systems and obscures the true target signals. The clutter-free waveform is then processed coherently using the discrete Fourier transform to recover target amplitude and range. A breadboard of the ladar architecture was developed around a 100-mW GaAlAs diode laser operating at 817 nm, Imagery and range responses obtained show that the theoretical range resolution of 0.25 m was attained for a Delta F of 600 MHz. Embodiments of this ladar are likely to be practical and economical for both military and commercial applications because row-cost continuous wave (cw) laser diodes are used, coherent optical mixing is not required, and the post-mixing processor bandwidth is low. (C) 1996 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. RP Stann, BL (reprint author), DEPT ARMY,ARMY RES LAB,AMSRL SE EP,2800 POWDER MILL ROAD,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 10 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOC PHOTO-OPT INSTRUM ENG PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 35 IS 11 BP 3270 EP 3278 DI 10.1117/1.601067 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA VT596 UT WOS:A1996VT59600028 ER PT J AU Chowdhury, DQ Hill, SC Mazumder, M AF Chowdhury, DQ Hill, SC Mazumder, M TI Absorptive bistability in a dielectric sphere SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MORPHOLOGY-DEPENDENT RESONANCES; DROPLETS AB Theoretical results on absorptive optical bistability of micron-sized droplets doped with a saturable absorber are presented, Bistability is observed only when the incident light frequency is near or on a morphology dependent resonance of the sphere. Results on Q-switching are also presented. C1 USA,RES LAB,WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE,NM 88002. YALE UNIV,DEPT APPL PHYS,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. RP Chowdhury, DQ (reprint author), CORNING INC,SP-DV-02-4,CORNING,NY 14831, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD NOV 1 PY 1996 VL 131 IS 4-6 BP 343 EP 346 DI 10.1016/0030-4018(96)00324-0 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA VN287 UT WOS:A1996VN28700023 ER PT J AU Piantanida, EW Samlaska, CP AF Piantanida, EW Samlaska, CP TI Recurrent aphthous stomatitis SO ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL RADIOLOGY AND ENDODONTICS LA English DT Letter RP Piantanida, EW (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT DERMATOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 1079-2104 J9 ORAL SURG ORAL MED O JI Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 82 IS 5 BP 472 EP 472 DI 10.1016/S1079-2104(96)80186-7 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA VU289 UT WOS:A1996VU28900002 PM 8936506 ER PT J AU Karnasuta, C Watt, G AF Karnasuta, C Watt, G TI Enhanced detection of Plasmodium vivax liver stages by cytocentrifugation SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Article ID FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; HUMAN HEPATOCYTES; INVITRO CULTURE; FALCIPARUM; DIAGNOSIS; CULTIVATION; PARASITES; CYTOLOGY; BERGHEI AB Malaria parasites circulating in the blood or developing in the mosquito host can easily be seen and studied. We know much less about malaria parasites in the liver not only because of their location, but also because there are so few of them. Hepatic parasites are most often grown within hepatoma cells in culture, stained and visualized on slides under direct microscopy. In this report, Chitraporn Karnasuta and George Watt investigate the potential of cytocentrifugation as a tool for improving the detection of liver-stage malaria parasites. RP Karnasuta, C (reprint author), ARMED FORCES RES INST MED SCI,DEPT MED,315-6 RAJVITHI RD,BANGKOK 10400,THAILAND. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD NOV PY 1996 VL 12 IS 11 BP 451 EP 453 DI 10.1016/0169-4758(96)40007-2 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA VP707 UT WOS:A1996VP70700012 PM 15275281 ER PT J AU Kapoor, R Nandhakumar, N AF Kapoor, R Nandhakumar, N TI Features for detecting obscured objects in ultra-wideband (UWB) SAR imagery using a phenomenological approach SO PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Article DE obscured object detection; image formation and sensing; multi-aperture processing; specularity; SAR ID RANGE AB We describe a technique that is based on phenomenological principles for detecting man-made objects in ultra-wideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. The UWB sensor (50 MHz to a GHz) provides penetration and high resolution necessary for detecting man-made objects that are obscured by some random media. Traditional 2-D pattern matching techniques are not effective since the SAR image of an object is distorted by the obscuring media. An electromagnetic model is used to predict the backscatter received from the scene objects. We show that the backscatter is highly dependent on the aspect angle of the incident wave on the object. Man-made objects exhibit specular reflections, at certain aspect angles while natural objects generally do not. Aspect-angle signatures of objects are established using a multi-aperture approach which essentially reconstructs the SAR image of an object over smaller subapertures of the full synthetic aperture. These signatures are matched to the object's polarimetric counterparts to establish feature vectors, which are used for detection. This procedure is applied to detection of man-made vehicles that are embedded in a deciduous forest and obscured by foliage. Results are presented using real data. Copyright (C) 1996 Pattern Recognition Society. C1 UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ELECT ENGN,MACHINE VIS LAB,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20783. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-3203 J9 PATTERN RECOGN JI Pattern Recognit. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1761 EP 1774 DI 10.1016/0031-3203(96)00035-0 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA VT973 UT WOS:A1996VT97300001 ER PT J AU Hebert, MA Potegal, M Moore, T Evenson, AR Meyerhoff, JL AF Hebert, MA Potegal, M Moore, T Evenson, AR Meyerhoff, JL TI Diazepam enhances conditioned defeat in hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE agonistic behavior; aggression; defeat; stress; fear; anxiety; drugs; benzodiazepines; sensitization ID GOLDEN-HAMSTER; BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPTOR; SOCIAL STRESS; RATS; AGGRESSION; MICE; BEHAVIOR; ATTACK; CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE; RHYTHMS AB Male hamsters that have been repeatedly defeated by larger, aggressive males subsequently flee from, rather than attack, nonaggressive male intruders that are introduced into their home cages. We have referred to this generalization of night in response to nonaggressive intruders as ''conditioned defeat'' (CD). In an attempt to reverse CD pharmacologically, diazepam (DZP) was administered to hamsters at two different time points relative to CD acquisition and subsequent response generalization tests, which involved the exposure of subjects to nonaggressive intruders (NAIs). In Experiment I, subjects were given a single injection of one of 4 doses of DZP (0, 2, 6, or 20 mg/kg) immediately following CD acquisition. Twenty-four hours later, contrary to expectations, subjects that had received the 6 mg/kg dose displayed elevated night responses in the presence of an NAI. Flight responding declined over days except in subjects that received the highest dose. In the second experiment, hamsters were administered a single injection of either 0, 2, or 6 mg/kg DZP just prior to a response generalization test occurring 24 h following CD training. Flight responses to the NAIs were again exaggerated in subjects that were given the 6 mg/kg dose, an effect that persisted several days without further drug administration. The present findings suggest the possibility that benzodiazepines can potentiate fear responses under certain stressful conditions. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Inc. RP Hebert, MA (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV NEUROSCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 55 IS 3 BP 405 EP 413 DI 10.1016/S0091-3057(96)00110-4 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA VV756 UT WOS:A1996VV75600012 PM 8951982 ER PT J AU Wu, JZ Yun, SH Tidrow, SC Eckart, DW AF Wu, JZ Yun, SH Tidrow, SC Eckart, DW TI Microstructures of mercury-based cuprate thin films SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB The microstructures of Hg-based cuprate thin films have been studied using a scanning electron microscope and an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, Besides a rough surface, several types of defects including the HgCaO2 phase are identified on those films made using a slow temperature ramping Hg-vapor annealing process. By ramping the sample temperature rapidly to the annealing temperature, the surface morphology of the film is significantly improved and the impurity phases, especially the HgCaO2 phase, are effectively reduced. C1 USA,RES LAB,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703. RP Wu, JZ (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LAWRENCE,KS 66045, USA. RI Tidrow, Steven/C-8133-2013 NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD NOV 1 PY 1996 VL 271 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(96)00455-8 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA VU642 UT WOS:A1996VU64200001 ER PT J AU Chen, JQ Krieger, JB Li, Y Iafrate, GJ AF Chen, JQ Krieger, JB Li, Y Iafrate, GJ TI Kohn-Sham calculations with self-interaction-corrected local-spin-density exchange-correlation energy functional for atomic systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT EXPANSION; ACCURATE; APPROXIMATION; STATE; GAS AB We have investigated the accuracy of the local-spin-density approximation with orbital-density-dependent self-interaction correction (LSDSIC) as proposed by Perdew and Zunger within a Kohn-Sham approach in which electrons with a given spin projection all move in a single optimized effective potential (OEP). We have also studied the accuracy of the Krieger-Li-Iafrate (KLI) approximation to the OEP for the same energy functional in order to assess its applicability to systems in which the integral equation for the OEP cannot be reduced to a one-dimensional problem, e.g., molecules. Self-consistent Kohn-Sham LSDSIC calculations have been performed for atoms with atomic number Z=1-20 in the exchange-only case for the total energy, the highest-occupied orbital energy epsilon(m), and the expectation value of r(2). In addition, the structure of the resulting exchange potential is examined and compared with the exact exchange-only density-functional theory (OEP method with Hartree-Fock exchange-energy functional) results. Furthermore, we display epsilon(m), the ionization potential I, and the electron affinity A when both exchange and correlation energy effects are included. Finally, we also consider the results of evaluating the LSDSIC energy functional by employing the exact (in the central-held approximation) single particle orbitals as proposed by Harrison. We find that the LSDSIC energy functional generally leads to calculated values that are superior to those provided by the LSD approximation and that the KLI approximation yields results in excellent agreement with the corresponding exact OEP results for this energy functional. In particular, quantities strongly related to the behavior of the valence electrons are nearly identical in both the OEP and KLI calculations, i.e., the difference between the [r(2)] and epsilon(m), is less than 0.2% on average, while the difference between the calculated I is less than 0.2 millihartree on average with the corresponding difference of only 0.1 millihartree for A. C1 USA,RES OFF,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP Chen, JQ (reprint author), CUNY BROOKLYN COLL,DEPT PHYS,BROOKLYN,NY 11210, USA. NR 29 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 1996 VL 54 IS 5 BP 3939 EP 3947 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.54.3939 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA VT673 UT WOS:A1996VT67300035 ER PT J AU Maurice, J Ballou, R AF Maurice, J Ballou, R TI Patarroyo offers scientists a challenge - Interview with Ripley Ballou SO RECHERCHE LA French DT Editorial Material C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT IMMUNOL,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ED SCIENTIFIQUES PI PARIS 06 PA 57 RUE DE SEINE, 75280 PARIS 06, FRANCE SN 0029-5671 J9 RECHERCHE JI Recherche PD NOV PY 1996 IS 292 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA VQ421 UT WOS:A1996VQ42100018 ER PT J AU Donovan, DJ Polly, DW Ondra, SL AF Donovan, DJ Polly, DW Ondra, SL TI The removal of a transdural pedicle screw placed for thoracolumbar spine fracture SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE complications; pedicle screws; spine instrumentation ID LUMBAR SPINE; FIXATION; COMPLICATIONS AB Study Design. This report describes the method of removal of a pedicle screw that had been misplaced through the thecal sac and the cauda equina instead of its proper location within the pedicle. Objectives. A patient who previously had undergone placement of pedicle screws and Roy-Camille plates for fixation of L1 burst fracture presented to the authors with neurologic deficits and a cerebrospinal fluid findings demonstrated misplacement of three of the screws, one of which was placed through the dura with resulting impingement of nerve roots within the thecal sac. Summary of Background Data. Removal of the screws was required for neural decompression and resolution of the cerebrospinal fluid leak. Methods. The patient underwent laminectomy to expose the screw and primary durotomy to include the entry point of the screw. This technique allowed safe removal under direct vision, with direct protection of the nerve roots. A subsequent anterior fusion procedure was performed. Results. The patient regained full neurologic function, and his cerebrospinal fluid leak ceased. At 2-year follow-up evaluation, he describes only mild, occasional back pain. Conclusions. Penetration of the dura and injury to the neural elements can occur when pedicle screw instrumentation is used. Removal of the screw under these circumstances may cause additional neurologic injury. Durotomy and direct visualization of the neural elements in this case was a valuable adjunct to safe removal of the screw. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,ORTHOPAED SURG SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP Donovan, DJ (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,NEUROL SURG SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD NOV 1 PY 1996 VL 21 IS 21 BP 2495 EP 2498 DI 10.1097/00007632-199611010-00017 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA VR735 UT WOS:A1996VR73500017 PM 8923638 ER PT J AU Naseem, SM AF Naseem, SM TI Toxicokinetics of [H-3]saxitoxinol in peripheral and central nervous system of rats SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GUINEA-PIGS; SAXITOXIN; SHELLFISH AB This study evaluated the toxicokinetics of a saxitoxin (STX) analog, [H-3]saxitoxinol (STXOL), in rats. [H-3]saxitoxinol (18.9 mu Ci/kg body weight) was administered iv to male Wistar rats via the penile vein, After injection, [H-3]STXOL disappeared rapidly from plasma (t 1/2 = 29.3 min), and 75% of the radiolabel was cleared from plasma within 2 hr. Radioactivity associated with red blood cell membranes was inversely related with the radioactivity associated with hemoglobin, suggesting internalization of STXOL, Distribution of [H-3]STXOL, 48 hr after iv exposure, showed that muscle tissues retained 91.2 +/- 7.1%, liver 63.7 +/- 3.8%, heart 17.4 +/- 1.6%, and lung 9.2 +/- 0.8% of the residual dose, High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis for saxitoxinol showed three to four major radiolabeled peaks for each of these tissues, By 48 hr, radiolabel associated with the saxitoxinol peak decreased 95% in lungs, heart, and kidneys, with a concomitant increase in unidentified, more polar peaks, No STXOL metabolites were detected in the urine from these animals, Radioactivity accumulation in the brain increased to a maximum of 162% at 8-hr postexposure, compared to values obtained at 10 min, then gradually declined to 148% by 48 hr, HPLC analysis of brain extracts showed that the relative percentage of radioactivity associated with parent toxin gradually decreased, with a concomitant rise in the levels of more polar peaks, Similar results were obtained for spinal cord, The data suggest that saxitoxinol was rapidly cleared from most of the peripheral organs and was little, if any metabolized by muscle cells. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. RP Naseem, SM (reprint author), USA, MED RES INST INFECT DIS, FREDERICK, MD 21702 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X EI 1096-0333 J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 141 IS 1 BP 49 EP 58 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA VV016 UT WOS:A1996VV01600007 PM 8917675 ER PT J AU Sword, MA Gravatt, DA Faulkner, PL Chambers, JL AF Sword, MA Gravatt, DA Faulkner, PL Chambers, JL TI Seasonal branch and fine root growth of juvenile loblolly pine five growing seasons after fertilization SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Dynamics of Physiological Processes in Woody Roots CY OCT 08-11, 1995 CL ITHACA, NY SP Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, USEPA Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, W Ecol Div, Corvallis DE branch phenology; rhizotrons; source-sink relations; water deficit ID CLIMATE; WATER AB In 1989, we established two replications of two fertilization treatments in a 10-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation. Between March and September 1993, branch internode and needle fascicle expansion in the upper and lower third of crowns were measured weekly on three south-facing branches of each of four trees, and new root initiation and elongation were measured at 10-day intervals in three vertical rhizotrons per plot. In one replication, soil water content was measured daily. Fertilization significantly increased the expansion of first flush internodes in the upper crown and first flush needle fascicles in the upper and lower crown. New root growth was stimulated by fertilization in the second half of the growing season. The timing of root growth responses to fertilization corresponded to branch phenologies in the upper and lower crown that were conducive to increased basipetal transport of photosynthate. We conclude, therefore, that new root growth was linked to source-sink activities in the crown. Root initiation was greater in the upper than in the lower part of the soil profile; however, as the growing season progressed and water deficit increased, this relationship was reversed. The effect of soil depth on seasonal root growth was closely associated with water availability, suggesting that root initiation deep in the soil profile is critical for the continued production of new roots in environments subjected to short-term, but relatively severe, water deficits. C1 USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,VICKSBURG,MS 39180. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,WETLAND BIOGEOCHEM INST,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH FORESTRY WILDLIFE & FISHERIES,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP Sword, MA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO RES STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 16 IS 11-12 BP 899 EP 904 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA VX155 UT WOS:A1996VX15500005 ER PT J AU Harris, MJ Thompson, IM AF Harris, MJ Thompson, IM TI The anatomic radical perineal prostatectomy: A contemporary and anatomic approach SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYMPH-NODE METASTASES; PELVIC LYMPHADENECTOMY; CANCER AB Objectives. We applied the advances in anatomic techniques as developed for the radical retropubic prostatectomy to the perineal approach to radical prostatectomy. The anatomic radical perineal prostatectomy maximizes cancer control and minimizes postoperative incontinence and impotence. This technique capitalizes on the many advantages associated with the perineal approach to the prostate. Methods. The anatomic radical perineal prostatectomy addresses the posterior surface and posterior bladder neck regions prior to urethral division at the prostatic apex. Anatomic dissection of the striated urethral sphincter and preservation of the bladder neck, as well as a ''watertight'' anastomosis, are accomplished with excellent exposure. Cavernosal nerve preservation is possible in appropriately selected patients. Data are accumulated prospectively and reported herein. Results. Prostate-specific antigen detectability is seen in 2% and 4% of pT2 and pT2 to T3b cases, respectively, at an average follow-up of 1 year. Immediate full continence is seen in 30% of cases; ultimately, 97.5% achieve full urinary control. Nerve-sparing techniques result in spontaneous erectile activity in 73%. Average length of hospital stay is less than 2 days, with most recent patients discharged on the day after surgery. Conclusions. The anatomic radical perineal prostatectomy is a safe and effective method of treating men with clinically localized prostate cancer and should be part of every urologist's surgical armamentarium. Copyright 1996 by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,UROL SERV,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234. NR 9 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAHNERS PUBL CO PI NEW YORK PA 249 WEST 17 STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD NOV PY 1996 VL 48 IS 5 BP 762 EP 768 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(96)00252-X PG 9 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA VR748 UT WOS:A1996VR74800021 PM 8911522 ER EF