FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Schemmel, RA Vaghefi, SB Bowman, BA AF Schemmel, RA Vaghefi, SB Bowman, BA TI Olaf Mickelsen (July 29, 1912 to August 8, 1999) - Biography SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ N Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schemmel, RA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 131 IS 2 BP 205 EP 210 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 400AB UT WOS:000166845500001 PM 11160534 ER PT J AU Troiano, RP Macera, CA Ballard-Barbash, R AF Troiano, RP Macera, CA Ballard-Barbash, R TI Be physically active each day. How can we know? SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE guideline; surveillance; health surveys; exercise; physical activity ID ENVIRONMENTAL-INFLUENCES; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; MINORITY WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH; EXERCISE; FITNESS; PARTICIPATION; PREVALENCE; INACTIVITY AB For the first time in its five versions, Nutrition and Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for Americans contains an apparently nondietary guideline recommending physical activity. Although new as a separate guideline, physical activity has been included in the weight guideline of previous versions. The current version recognizes the importance of physical activity to health beyond its effect on weight maintenance. The purpose of this paper is to examine what data are available or required to evaluate the level of physical activity in the population, particularly in light of current recommendations. The physical activity sections of several national surveys that assess individual behavior or activity-related policies are described. Surveillance of physical activity as a risk factor for chronic disease is critical because physical inactivity is highly prevalent, strongly associated with increased morbidity and mortality, costly and preventable. Determinants of physical activity behavior are also considered. These determinants are potentially important factors for surveillance and are critical components for planning successful interventions. C1 NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Troiano, RP (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 131 IS 2 SU 1 BP 451S EP 460S PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 401PQ UT WOS:000166936800003 PM 11160577 ER PT J AU Orr, MF Kaye, WE Zeitz, P Powers, ME Rosenthal, L AF Orr, MF Kaye, WE Zeitz, P Powers, ME Rosenthal, L TI Public health risks of railroad hazardous substance emergency events SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The number of railroad events reported to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance system increased from 84 in 1993 to 177 in 1998. Comparisons of data on railroad and non-railroad events were made. The results overall indicated a greater potential impact of railroad events on public health. A median number of 2039 persons were living within a 1-mile radius of railroad events versus 982 for non-railroad events. The percentage of events during times when people are more likely to be home was also greater for railroad events. Railroad event victims were more likely to need hospital treatment than non-railroad event victims, which suggested the need for better community planning, reevaluation of current federal regulations and priorities for railroad hazardous material transport, and enhanced railroad industry commitment to safety. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. George Meany Ctr Labor Studies, Railway Workers Hazardous Mat Training Program, Pinehurst, NC USA. Ruth Ruttenberg & Associates, Natl Clearinghouse Worker Safety & Hlth Training, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Orr, MF (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [U45-ES-06169-08] NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 43 IS 2 BP 94 EP 100 DI 10.1097/00043764-200102000-00004 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 402ER UT WOS:000166973500003 PM 11227638 ER PT J AU Beati, L Keirans, JE AF Beati, L Keirans, JE TI Analysis of the systematic relationships among ticks of the genera Rhipicephalus and Boophilus (Acari : Ixodidae) based on mitochondrial 12S ribosomal DNA gene sequences and morphological characters SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SANGUINEUS GROUP ACARI; 16S RDNA SEQUENCES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; METASTRIATA ACARI; HARD-TICK; IXODOIDEA; RNA; CLARIFICATION; MICROSCOPE; EVOLUTION AB A portion of mitochondrial 12S rDNA sequences (337-355 base pairs) and 63 morphological characters of 36 hard-tick species belonging to 7 genera were analyzed to determine the phylogenetic relationships among groups and species of Rhipicephalus and between the genera Rhipicephalus and Boophilus. Molecular and morphological data sets were first examined separately. The molecular data were analyzed by maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood, and neighbor-joining distance methods, the morphological data were analyzed by MP. After their level of congruence was evaluated by a partition homogeneity test, all characters were combined and analyzed by MP The branches of the tree obtained by combining the data sets were better resolved than those of the trees inferred from the separate analyses. Boophilus is monophyletic and arose within Rhipicephalus. Boophilus species clustered with species of the Rhipicephalus evertsi group. Most of the clustering within Rhipicephalus was, however, consistent with previous classifications based on morphological data. Morphological characters were traced on the molecular reconstruction in order to identify characters diagnostic fur monophyletic clades. Within the Rhipicephalus sanguineus complex, the sequences of specimens morphologically identified as Rhipicephalus turanicus were characterized by a high level of variability, indicating that R. turanicus-like morphology may cover a spectrum of distinct species. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Beati, L (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 60 Coll St,Suite 600,POB 208034, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 40729] NR 64 TC 162 Z9 182 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 87 IS 1 BP 32 EP 48 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2001)087[0032:AOTSRA]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 402ZB UT WOS:000167017100006 PM 11227901 ER PT J AU Call, JL Arrowood, M Xie, LT Hancock, K Tsang, VCW AF Call, JL Arrowood, M Xie, LT Hancock, K Tsang, VCW TI Immunoassay for viable Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in turbid environmental water samples SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; DISCONTINUOUS SUCROSE; DRINKING-WATER; GIARDIA CYSTS; SPOROZOITES; INFECTIVITY; PCR; ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; GRADIENTS; MILWAUKEE AB Crytosporidum parvum oocysts in drinking water have been implicated in outbreaks of diarrheal disease. Current methods for monitoring environmental exposures to C. parvum only account for total number oocysts without regard for the viability of the parasite. Measurement of oocyst viability, as indicated by an oocyst's ability to excyst, is useful because over time oocysts lose the ability to excyst and become noninfective. Thus, correlating the number of viable oocysts in drinking water with incidence and risk for disease should be more reliable than using the total number of oocysts. We have developed a quantitative assay capable of detecting low numbers of excystable, sporozoite-releasing C. parvum oocysts in turbid water samples. Monoclonal (CP7) and polyclonal antibodies have been developed against a sporozoite antigen released only during excystation or when the oocyst is mechanically disrupted. CP7 is specific for C. parvum and does not react with C. baileyi, C. muris, C. serpentis, Giardia spp., Eimeria spp., or E. nieschulzi. In this assay, oocysts in the test sample are first excysted and then centrifuged. The soluble sporozoite antigen is captured by CP7 attached to a magnetic bead. The captured antigen is then detected by ruthenium-labeled polyclonal antibodies via electrochemiluminescence. The CP7 viability assay can detect as few as 50 viable oocysts in a 1-ml assay sample with a turbidity as high as 200 Nephelometric turbidity units. This sensitive, turbidity-tolerant assay for oocyst viability may permit a better assessment of the disease risk associated with the presence of environmental oocysts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Call, JL (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Ctr Biotechnol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 87 IS 1 BP 203 EP 210 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2001)087[0203:IFVCPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 402ZB UT WOS:000167017100034 PM 11227892 ER PT J AU Cassell, CM AF Cassell, CM TI Love and eroticism SO JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH LA English DT Book Review C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Cassell, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS K-22,4770 Burford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC SCIENTIFIC STUDY SEX INC PI MT VERNON PA PO BOX 208, MT VERNON, IA 52314 USA SN 0022-4499 J9 J SEX RES JI J. Sex Res. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1 BP 77 EP 78 PG 2 WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 440LX UT WOS:000169177700009 ER PT J AU Yang, JY Lin, TL Luo, CC Chen, HY Twu, SJ AF Yang, JY Lin, TL Luo, CC Chen, HY Twu, SJ TI Subtyping HIV-1 infections in Taiwan using peptide-enzyme immunoassay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing SO JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE human immunodeficiency virus type 1; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; peptide-enzyme immunoassay; reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; peptide-enzyme immunoassay; subtype; phylogenetic ID TYPE-1; VIRUS; DIVERSITY; THAILAND; TROPISM AB Background and purpose: There are important questions about epidemiologic transmission patterns as well as the possibility that genetic and phenotypic differences in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) affect transmissibility, infectivity, pathogenicity, and response to therapy and vaccines. To delinate the genetic heterogeneity of HIV-1 and the association of subtypes with risk factors and location of residence in Taiwan, subtypes of HIV-1 in Taiwanese patients were identified and a phylogenetic study was performed. In addition, the accuracy of peptide-enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using serum samples from Taiwanese patients infected with HIV-1 was investigated. Methods: Peptide-EIA was used to give a preliminary subtype of HIV-l-positive serum samples collected from different areas of Taiwan. Reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genetic sequencing were used to confirm the peptide-ELA. results and to construct a phylogenetic tree. Results: Among the 149 serum samples, 98 were subtype B (66%), 38 subtype E (25%), two subtype Thai-B (1.3%), one subtype G (0.7%), and one subtype C (0.7%). Comparison of risk factors for HIV-1 infection and subtype revealed that most B subtype infections (59/98) occurred in homosexual or heterosexual patients, whereas 28 of 38 E subtype infections occurred in heterosexual patients. The B/E ratio was significantly different (p < 0.05) in Taipei than in other areas of Taiwan. Conclusions: These results suggest that the predominant subtype of HIV-1 infection in Taiwan is B, followed by E, and that the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in Taiwan is similar to that of Thailand, although the genetic sequences are distinct. Homosexuality, heterosexuality, bisexuality, and intravenous drug use behaviors affect the distribution of different subtypes of HIV-1 infection. Peptide-ELA in conjunction with RT-PCR and sequencing can provide accurate subtyping of HIV-1 infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Taipei, Taiwan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Twu, SJ (reprint author), No 6 Lin Shen S Rd, Taipei, Taiwan. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA ASIA LTD PI CHAI WAN PA 19/F, EIGHT COMMERCIAL TOWER, 8 SUN YIP ST, CHAI WAN, HONG KONG SN 0929-6646 J9 J FORMOS MED ASSOC JI J. Formos. Med. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 100 IS 2 BP 89 EP 100 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 423YX UT WOS:000168206300003 PM 11393107 ER PT J AU Belliot, GM Frankhauser, RL Monroe, SS AF Belliot, GM Frankhauser, RL Monroe, SS TI Characterization of 'Norwalk-like viruses' and astroviruses by liquid hybridization assay SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE 'Norwalk-like viruses' (NLV); astrovirus; gastroenteritis; liquid hybridization; detection ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SEQUENCE-BASED AMPLIFICATION; IMMUNE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; RNA SEQUENCE; GASTROENTERITIS; IDENTIFICATION; SEROTYPES AB 'Norvalk-like viruses' (NLVs) and human astroviruses are causative agents of gastroenteritis in all age-groups. The typing of these agents is generally done by nucleotide sequencing, blot hybridization, or enzyme immunoassay. These techniques are expensive. time-consuming, and sometimes require scarce reagents, which limits the typing of NLVs and astroviruses to a few reference laboratories. This report describes a liquid hybridization assay that uses broadly reactive probes whose sequences are based on data from specimens in collections available at CDC and GenBank. Two astrovirus genogroup-specific probes were designed and tested successfully on 26 wild strains from all serotypes. Fourteen GII and 16 GI representative NLV strains were typed without cross-hybridization by using P1B- and P2A-specific probes. described previously, and new P2B- and P1A-specific probes. Analysis of the specificity of the probes, the effect of the mismatches during hybridization, and the sensitivity of hybridization assay demonstrates this method to be a rapid and simple technique for molecular typing of NLVs and preliminary characterization of astroviruses. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect G04, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. RP Monroe, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect G04, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 36 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD FEB PY 2001 VL 91 IS 2 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(00)00254-8 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 396RG UT WOS:000166649900003 PM 11164493 ER PT J AU Novembre, FJ de Rosayro, J Nidtha, S O'Neil, SP Gibson, TR Evans-Strickfaden, T Hart, CE McClure, HM AF Novembre, FJ de Rosayro, J Nidtha, S O'Neil, SP Gibson, TR Evans-Strickfaden, T Hart, CE McClure, HM TI Rapid CD4(+) T-cell loss induced by human immunodeficiency virus type 1(NC) in uninfected and previously infected chimpanzees SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYMPHADENOPATHY-ASSOCIATED VIRUS; HIV-INFECTION; ANIMAL-MODEL; IN-VIVO; AIDS; MACAQUES; REPLICATION; APOPTOSIS; ISOLATE; DEATH AB To investigate the pathogenicity of a virus originating in a chimpanzee with AIDS (C499), two chimpanzees were inoculated with a plasma-derived isolate termed human immunodeficiency virus type 1(NC) (HIV-1(NC)). A previously uninfected chimpanzee, C534, experienced rapid peripheral CD4(+) T-cell loss to fewer than 26 cells/mul by 14 weeks after infection. CD4(+) T-cell depletion was associated with high plasma HIV-1 loads but a low virus burden in the peripheral lymph node. The second chimpanzee, C459, infected 13 years previously with HIV-1(LAV), experienced a more protracted course of peripheral CD4(+) T-cell loss after HIV-1(NC) inoculation, resulting in fewer than 200 cells/mul by 96 weeks postinoculation. The quantities of viral RNA in the plasma and peripheral lymph node from C459 were below the lower limits of detection prior to inoculation with HIV-1(NC) but were significantly and persistently increased after superinfection, with HIV-1(NC) representing the predominant viral genotype. These results show that viruses derived from C499 are more pathogenic for chimpanzees than any other HIV-1 isolates described to date. C1 Emory Univ, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Div Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Div Res Resources, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Microbiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Retroviral Dis Branch, DASTLR, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Novembre, FJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Div Microbiol & Immunol, 954 N Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00165, P51 RR000165]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI-40879] NR 37 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 75 IS 3 BP 1533 EP 1539 DI 10.1128/JVI.75.3.1533-1539.2001 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 391WF UT WOS:000166378700044 PM 11152525 ER PT J AU Lerche, NW Switzer, WM Yee, JL Shanmugam, V Rosenthal, AN Chapman, LE Folks, TM Heneine, W AF Lerche, NW Switzer, WM Yee, JL Shanmugam, V Rosenthal, AN Chapman, LE Folks, TM Heneine, W TI Evidence of infection with simian type D retrovirus in persons occupationally exposed to nonhuman primates SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY; MACAQUES; AIDS; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIBODIES; LYMPHOMA; PATIENT; MARKERS AB Simian type D retrovirus (SRV) is enzootic in many populations of Asian monkeys of the genus Macaca and is associated with immunodeficiency diseases. However, the zoonotic potential of this agent has not been well defined. Screening for antibodies to SRV was performed as part of an ongoing study looking for evidence of infection with simian retroviruses among persons occupationally exposed to nonhuman primates (NHPs). Of 231 persons tested, 2 (0.9%) were found to be strongly seropositive, showing reactivity against multiple SRV antigens representing gag, pol, and env gene products by Western immunoblotting. Persistent long-standing seropositivity, as well as neutralizing antibody specific to SRV type 2, was documented in one individual (subject 1), while waning antibody with eventual seroreversion, was observed in a second (subject 2). Repeated attempts to detect SRV by isolation in tissue culture and by using sensitive PCR assays for amplification of two SRV gene regions (gag and pol) were negative. Both individuals remain apparently healthy. We were also unable to transmit this seropositivity to an SRV negative macaque by using inoculation of whole blood from subject 1. The results of this study provide evidence that occupational exposure to NHPs may increase the risk of infection with SRV and underscore the importance of both occupational safety practices and efforts to eliminate this virus from established macaque colonies. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Calif Reg Primate Res Ctr, Simian Retrovirus Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lerche, NW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Calif Reg Primate Res Ctr, Simian Retrovirus Lab, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 33 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 75 IS 4 BP 1783 EP 1789 DI 10.1128/JVI.75.4.1783-1789.2001 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 397LK UT WOS:000166697000021 PM 11160676 ER PT J AU Mabry, JE Buge, S Bystrom, PE AF Mabry, JE Buge, S Bystrom, PE TI Don't let personality affect professionalism SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Chamblee Anim Facil, Prior 1 Serv Inc, Chamblee, GA USA. CDC, Anim Resources Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mabry, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 30 IS 2 BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 397PN UT WOS:000166704200004 ER PT J AU Mannino, DM Ford, E Giovino, GA Thun, M AF Mannino, DM Ford, E Giovino, GA Thun, M TI Lung cancer mortality rates in birth cohorts in the United States from 1960 to 1994 SO LUNG CANCER LA English DT Article DE lung cancer; mortality; epidemiology; smoking ID SMOKERS; MEN AB We sought to describe the changing death rates from lung cancer in the US white population ill sequential birth cohorts, adjusting for cohort smoking prevalence and duration. We starched the US mortality database (1960 1994) fur all deaths among whites in which lung cancer was listed as the underlying cause of death. To determine the population at risk for lung cancer, we used the 1970. 1978-1980, and 1992 National Health Interview Surveys to estimate the annual number of current and recent smokers (those who had quit within 5 years) in 11 5-year birth cohorts. starting in 1901. We then determined annual lung cancer mortality rates, for each birth cohort, stratified by sex and adjusting fur the prevalence and duration of smoking. The population-based rates of lung cancer mortality were much higher among men than among women across all ages and birth cohorts. reflecting higher smoking rates among men. These differences decreased after we controlled for current and recent smoking within the cohorts and were slightly increased in women after we controlled for duration of smoking. Differences in lung cancer death rates across birth cohorts of US men and women primarily reflect differences in the prevalence and duration of smoking in these birth cohorts. Changes in cigarette design that have greatly reduced tar yields have a relatively small effect compared with that of people's smoking status, and duration of smoking. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Chron Dis Prevent Branch, Div Nutr, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mannino, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,M-S E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0169-5002 J9 LUNG CANCER-J IASLC JI Lung Cancer PD FEB-MAR PY 2001 VL 31 IS 2-3 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1016/S0169-5002(00)00170-7 PG 9 WC Oncology; Respiratory System SC Oncology; Respiratory System GA 401AQ UT WOS:000166905100001 PM 11165388 ER PT J AU DeStefano, F Verstraeten, T AF DeStefano, F Verstraeten, T TI Multiple sclerosis SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP DeStefano, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 344 IS 5 BP 381 EP 381 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 397CM UT WOS:000166675800012 PM 11195798 ER PT J AU Stockmyer, C AF Stockmyer, C TI Remember when mom wanted you home for dinner? SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID US CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; FOOD; NUTRITION; PATTERNS; HEALTH AB Limited information exists about the relationship between family dinner and the quality of children's diets. However, several studies suggest that foods obtained at home have more fiber, calcium, and iron, and less total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium than foods obtained away from home. The results of a recent study confirm and extend these observations by showing beneficial effects of family dinner on the diet quality of children ages 9 to 14. Nutritionists and health educators should look for ways to encourage families to increase the number of meals eaten together to improve the eating patterns of children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Stockmyer, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 3 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 59 IS 2 BP 57 EP 60 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 412HU UT WOS:000167549600006 PM 11310778 ER PT J AU Peterson, HB Xia, ZS Wilcox, LS Tylor, LR Trussell, J AF Peterson, HB Xia, ZS Wilcox, LS Tylor, LR Trussell, J CA US Collaborative Rev Sterilization TI Pregnancy after tubal sterilization with silicone rubber band and spring clip application SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISK AB Objective: To determine risk factors for pregnancy after tubal sterilization with silicone rubber bands or spring clips. Methods: A total of 3329 women sterilized using silicone rubber bands and 1595 women sterilized using spring clips were followed for up to 14 years as part of a prospective cohort study conducted in medical centers in nine US cities. We assessed the risk of pregnancy by cumulative life-table probabilities and proportional hazards analysis. Results: The risk of pregnancy for women who had silicone rubber band application differed by location of band application and study site. The 10-year cumulative probabilities of pregnancy varied from a low of 0.0 per 1000 procedures at one study site to a high of 42.5 per 1000 procedures in the four combined sites in which fewer than 100 procedures per site were performed. The risk of pregnancy for women who had spring clip application varied by location of clip application, study site, race or ethnicity, tubal disease, and history of abdominal or pelvic surgery. The probabilities across study sites ranged from 7.1 per 1000 procedures at 10 years to 78.0 per 1000 procedures at 5 years (follow-up was limited to 5 years at that site). Conclusion: The 10-year cumulative probability of pregnancy after silicone rubber band and spring clip application is low but varies substantially by both clinical and demographic characteristics. (Obstet Gynecol 2001;97:205-10. (C) 2001 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Princeton Univ, Off Populat Res, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Peterson, HB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [3-YO2-HD41075-10] NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 97 IS 2 BP 205 EP 210 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(00)01114-5 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 401CX UT WOS:000166910500009 PM 11165583 ER PT J AU Davis, MK AF Davis, MK TI Breastfeeding and chronic disease in childhood and adolescence SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; INFLAMMATORY BOWEL-DISEASE; INFANT-FEEDING PRACTICES; CELIAC-DISEASE; COWS MILK; CROHNS-DISEASE; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; FINNISH CHILDREN; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; RISK DETERMINANTS AB A growing body of research suggests that infant feeding practices influence the risk for several chronic diseases of childhood and adolescence. Increased risks for type 1 diabetes, celiac disease, some childhood cancers, and inflammatory bowel disease have been associated with artificial infant feeding and short-term breastfeeding. As genetic susceptibility is understood more completely and gene-environment interactions are elucidated, evidence to either confirm or refute these findings will be forthcoming. C1 CDC, Global AIDS Program, NCHSTP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Davis, MK (reprint author), CDC, Global AIDS Program, NCHSTP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop E-07,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 113 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0031-3955 J9 PEDIATR CLIN N AM JI Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 48 IS 1 BP 125 EP + DI 10.1016/S0031-3955(05)70289-3 PG 18 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 405XC UT WOS:000167185000010 PM 11236720 ER PT J AU Wang, SS FitzSimmons, SC O'Leary, LA Rock, MJ Gwinn, ML Khoury, MJ AF Wang, SS FitzSimmons, SC O'Leary, LA Rock, MJ Gwinn, ML Khoury, MJ TI Early diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in the newborn period and risk of Pseudomonas aeruginosa acquisition in the first 10 years of life: A registry-based longitudinal study SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE cystic fibrosis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; neonatal screening; Kaplan Meier; epidemiology ID PULMONARY-DISEASE; MANAGEMENT; INFECTION AB Objective. Controlled clinical trial data have suggested that identifying asymptomatic cystic fibrosis (CF) patients through newborn screening improves health outcomes of affected children in the first decade of life. However, it is unclear whether these improvements also include a reduction in risk for bronchial infection, the major determinant of CF morbidity. The authors therefore investigated the association between early CF diagnosis and acquisition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the major bronchial pathogen, in the first decade of life. Methodology. Longitudinal data on 3625 CF patients diagnosed between 1982 and 1990 and before 36 months of age were ascertained from the National Cystic Fibrosis Patient Registry. We compared P aeruginosa acquisition in the first 10 years of life among 4 groups: EAD (early asymptomatic diagnosis)-< 6 weeks, by pre/neonatal screening, genotype, family history (n = 157); ESD (early symptomatic diagnosis) (n = 227); LAD (late asymptomatic diagnosis)-6 weeks to 36 months (n = 161); and LSD (late symptomatic diagnosis) (n = 3080). P aeruginosa acquisition was determined from yearly sputum and/or bronchoscopy cultures. Children whose CF diagnoses followed meconium ileus or whose cultures were obtained only from nasal samples were excluded from the study. Results. Kaplan Meier analyses for P aeruginosa acquisition were conducted for each diagnostic group. Regression models were used to generate adjusted relative hazards with EAD as the referent group. Relative hazards were 0.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.7-1.2) for ESD, 0.8 (95% CI: 0.6-1.2) for LAD, and 1.0 (95% CI: 0.7-1.2) for LSD. The risk of acquiring P aeruginosa was therefore not significantly different between children diagnosed early, late, asymptomatically, or symptomatically. Conclusions. These data suggest that, despite improvements in other health outcomes from newborn screening for CF, early asymptomatic diagnosis of CF does not affect P aeruginosa acquisition. C1 Univ Wisconsin Hosp & Clin, Madison, WI 53792 USA. Cyst Fibrosis Fdn, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wang, SS (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, 6120 Execut Blvd, Rockville, MD 20854 USA. NR 22 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2001 VL 107 IS 2 BP 274 EP 279 DI 10.1542/peds.107.2.274 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 397TT UT WOS:000166714000024 PM 11158458 ER PT J AU Cunniff, C Frias, JL Kaye, C Moeschler, JB Panny, SR Trotter, TL AF Cunniff, C Frias, JL Kaye, C Moeschler, JB Panny, SR Trotter, TL CA Comm Genetics TI Maternal phenylketonuria SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID HYPERPHENYLALANINEMIA; MALFORMATIONS AB Elevated maternal phenylalanine levels during pregnancy are teratogenic and may result in growth retardation, significant psychomotor handicaps, and birth defects in the offspring of unmonitored and untreated pregnancies. Women of childbearing age with all forms of phenylketonuria, including mild variants such as hyperphenylalaninemia, should receive counseling concerning their risks for adverse fetal effects optimally before conceiving. The best outcomes occur when strict control of maternal phenylalanine levels is achieved before conception and continued throughout the pregnancy. C1 NICHHD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2001 VL 107 IS 2 BP 427 EP 428 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 397TT UT WOS:000166714000051 ER PT J AU Taras, HL Cimino, DA McGrath, JW Murray, RD Yankus, WA Young, TL AF Taras, HL Cimino, DA McGrath, JW Murray, RD Yankus, WA Young, TL CA Comm Sch Hlth TI Guidelines for emergency medical care in school SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article AB Minor and major illnesses and injuries can occur in children during the school day. This statement provides recommendations for emergency health care for children in school, including information about procedures, staff and their education, documentation, and parental notification. C1 Amer Med Assoc, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2001 VL 107 IS 2 BP 435 EP 436 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 397TT UT WOS:000166714000053 ER PT J AU Kairys, SW Alexander, RC Block, RW Everett, VD Hymel, KP Jenny, C AF Kairys, SW Alexander, RC Block, RW Everett, VD Hymel, KP Jenny, C CA Comm Child Abuse Neglect TI Distinguishing sudden infant death syndrome from child abuse fatalities SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RECEPTOR-BINDING; RECURRENCE RISK; ARCUATE NUCLEUS; POSITION; SIBLINGS; SIDS; FAMILIES; DECLINE; SMOKING AB In most cases, when a healthy infant younger than 1 year dies suddenly and unexpectedly, the cause is sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). SIDS is more common than infanticide. Parents of SIDS victims typically are anxious to provide unlimited information to professionals involved in death investigation or research. They also want and deserve to be approached in a non-accusatory manner. This statement provides professionals with information and guidelines to avoid distressing or stigmatizing families of SIDS victims while allowing accumulation of appropriate evidence in potential cases of death by infanticide. C1 Childrens Hosp, San Diego, CA 90034 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 68 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2001 VL 107 IS 2 BP 437 EP 441 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 397TT UT WOS:000166714000054 ER PT J AU Anda, RF Felitti, VJ Chapman, DP Croft, JB Williamson, DF Santelli, J Dietz, PM Marks, JS AF Anda, RF Felitti, VJ Chapman, DP Croft, JB Williamson, DF Santelli, J Dietz, PM Marks, JS TI Abused boys, battered mothers, and male involvement in teen pregnancy SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE adolescent pregnancy; child abuse; domestic violence ID HEALTH-RISK BEHAVIORS; CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE; ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; WOMEN; VICTIMIZATION; MALTREATMENT; CONSEQUENCES; FATHERHOOD; PREVALENCE AB Background. The relationship between boyhood exposure to physical abuse, sexual abuse, or to a battered mother and subsequent risk of impregnating a teenage girl has not previously been examined. Methods. In a retrospective cohort study set in a primary care clinic for adult members of a large health maintenance organization, questionnaire responses from 4127 men were analyzed. Respondents provided the age of the youngest female whom they had impregnated, their own ages at the time, and information regarding childhood exposure to physical or sexual abuse and battered mothers. We calculated the prevalence and adjusted odds ratio (OR) for having impregnated a teenage girl according to these 3 adverse childhood experiences, regardless of the male's age at the time of impregnation. Using logistic regression, ORs were adjusted for the male's age at time of survey, race, and education. Results. Nineteen percent of the men reported that they had ever impregnated a teenage girl. During childhood, 32% of respondents had been physically abused, 15% sexually abused, and 11% had battered mothers. Compared with respondents reporting no abuse, frequent physical abuse or battering of mothers increased the risk of involvement in teen pregnancy by 70% (OR: 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-2.5) and 140% (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.1-5.0), respectively. Sexual abuse as a boy at age 10 years or younger increased the risk of impregnating a teenage girl by 80% (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3-2.4); sexual abuse with violence increased the risk by 110% (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.2-3.4). We found a dose-response relationship between the number of types of exposures and the risk of impregnating a teenage girl; men who reported all 3 types of exposures were more than twice as likely to have been involved than those with no exposures (OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.4-3.5). Conclusions. Boyhood exposure to physical or sexual abuse or to a battered mother is associated with an increased risk of involvement in a teen pregnancy-during both adolescence and adulthood. Because these exposures are common and interrelated, boys and adult men who have had these experiences should be identified via routine screening by pediatricians and other health care providers and counseled about sexual practices and contraception. Such efforts may prevent teen pregnancy and the intergenerational transmission of child abuse and domestic violence. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kaiser Permanente, So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Prevent Med, San Diego, CA USA. RP Anda, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, K-47,4770 Buford Hwy,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-44-10/11] NR 73 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2001 VL 107 IS 2 AR e19 DI 10.1542/peds.107.2.e19 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 397TT UT WOS:000166714000005 PM 11158493 ER PT J AU Killingsworth, RE Schmid, TL AF Killingsworth, RE Schmid, TL TI Community design and transportation policies - New ways to promote physical activity SO PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID WALKING; HEALTH C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Killingsworth, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Mail Stop K-46,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0091-3847 J9 PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED JI Physician Sportsmed. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 29 IS 2 BP 31 EP + PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 399HZ UT WOS:000166806700011 ER PT J AU Burke, W Imperatore, G Reyes, M AF Burke, W Imperatore, G Reyes, M TI Iron deficiency and iron overload: effects of diet and genes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Relative Contribution of Diet and Genotype to Development CY JUN 27-30, 2000 CL CORK, IRELAND DE iron deficiency; iron overload; hereditary haemochromatosis; iron regulatory pathway ID CELL-SURFACE EXPRESSION; HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS; TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR; HFE PROTEIN; HLA-H; POPULATION; MUTATIONS; BETA(2)-MICROGLOBULIN; ASSOCIATION; SURVIVAL AB Like most essential nutrients, Fe needs to be maintained in the body at a defined level for optimal health, with appropriate adaptation to varying Fe needs and supply. The primary mechanism for controlling Fe level is the regulation of Fe absorption. Several different proteins have been identified as contributors to the process. Despite a complex regulatory system, Fe disorders (both Fe deficiency and Fe overload) occur. Fe deficiency is a common problem worldwide, resulting from inadequate dietary Fe and blood loss. Complications include pre-term labour, developmental delay, and impaired work efficiency. No specific genetic syndromes causing isolated Fe deficiency have been described, but animal studies and clinical observations suggest that such a relationship may be a possibility. Conversely, the known causes of Fe overload are genetic. Fe overload is less common than Fe deficiency, but can result in serious medical complications, including cirrhosis, primary liver cancer, diabetes, cardiomyopathy and arthritis. The most common and best characterized syndrome of Fe overload is hereditary haemochromatosis (HHC). an autosomal recessive disorder. Mutations in the HFE protein cause HHC, but the clinical presentation is variable. Of particular interest is the factor that some HFE genotypes appear to be associated with protection from Fe deficiency. Other genetic variants in the regulatory pathway may influence the likelihood of Fe deficiency and Fe overload. Studies of genetic variants in HFE and other regulatory proteins provide important tools for studying the biological processes in Fe regulation. This work is likely to lead to new insights into Fe disorders and potentially to new therapeutic approaches. It will not be complete, however, until coordinated study of both genetic and nutritional factors is undertaken. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Med Hist & Eth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Burke, W (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Med Hist & Eth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 57 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0029-6651 J9 P NUTR SOC JI Proc. Nutr. Soc. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 60 IS 1 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1079/PNS200069 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 414WJ UT WOS:000167688900010 PM 11310426 ER PT J AU Adimora, AA Schoenbach, VJ Martinson, FEA Donaldson, KH Fullilove, RE Aral, SO AF Adimora, AA Schoenbach, VJ Martinson, FEA Donaldson, KH Fullilove, RE Aral, SO TI Social context of sexual relationships among rural African Americans SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; SYPHILIS; RISK; AIDS AB Background: Reasons for the strikingly increased rates of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among African Americans in the rural Southeastern United States remain unclear. Investigators have devoted little attention to the potential influence of the social and economic context on sexual behaviors. Goal: To examine the potential influence of these contextual factors on behaviors that promote the transmission of STIs. Study Design: Focus group interviews in which African Americans from rural North Carolina discussed life in their communities and contextual factors affecting sexual behavior. Results: Respondents reported pervasive economic and racial oppression, lack of community recreation, boredom, and resultant substance abuse. Many perceived a shortage of black men because of their higher mortality and incarceration rates compared with whites, and believed this male shortage to be partly responsible for the concurrent sexual partnerships that they perceived as widespread among unmarried persons. Conclusion: Contextual features including racism, discrimination, limited employment opportunity, and resultant economic and social inequity may promote sexual patterns that transmit STIs. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Columbia Univ, Community Res Grp, Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Adimora, AA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, 547 Burnett Womack,CB 703, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [1R01 AI 39176-01] NR 21 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 28 IS 2 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1097/00007435-200102000-00002 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 401YH UT WOS:000166956300002 PM 11234788 ER PT J AU Warner, L Rochat, RW Fichtner, RR Stoll, BJ Nathan, L Toomey, KE AF Warner, L Rochat, RW Fichtner, RR Stoll, BJ Nathan, L Toomey, KE TI Missed opportunities for congenital syphilis prevention in an urban southeastern hospital SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CASE-DEFINITION; RISK-FACTORS; INFANTS AB Background: Despite recent declines in syphilis rates nationally, recent outbreaks suggest that prevention of congenital syphilis remains an ongoing public health problem. Goals: To identify missed opportunities for congenital syphilis prevention during prenatal care. Study Design: Retrospective medical record review of 157 live birth or stillbirth deliveries that involved cases of congenital syphilis from Grady Memorial Hospital (Atlanta, GA). Results: The hospital congenital syphilis prevalence was 8.2 cases per 1000 live births. Six percent of case patients were EW positive. Opportunities for earlier maternal screening, treatment, or diagnosis were missed in 60% of case patients who received timely prenatal care. Congenital syphilis cases attributable to preventable missed opportunities were significantly more common among case patients with fewer prenatal visits (66% versus 28%, P = 0.01). Conclusion: Provider efforts to reduce congenital syphilis in high-risk populations receiving prenatal care should focus on (1) screening patients at the first opportunity, at both the first prenatal visit and during the third trimester (i.e., 28 weeks); (2) performing on-site testing and same-day treatment; (3) providing appropriate treatment to infected women with penicillin allergy; (4) referring sex partners for treatment to prevent reinfection; and (5) screening all pregnant women attending emergency clinics. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Informat Off,Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Warner, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Informat Off,Off Director, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Rochat, Roger/J-9802-2012 NR 20 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 28 IS 2 BP 92 EP 98 DI 10.1097/00007435-200102000-00006 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 401YH UT WOS:000166956300006 PM 11234792 ER PT J AU Whittington, WLH Kent, C Kissinger, P Oh, MK Fortenberry, JD Hillis, SE Litchfield, B Bolan, GA St Louis, ME Farley, TA Handsfield, HH AF Whittington, WLH Kent, C Kissinger, P Oh, MK Fortenberry, JD Hillis, SE Litchfield, B Bolan, GA St Louis, ME Farley, TA Handsfield, HH TI Determinants of persistent and recurrent Chlamydia trachomatis infection in young women - Results of a multicenter cohort study SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; FEMALE ADOLESCENTS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK; CERVICITIS; DIAGNOSIS; URINE AB Background: Sequelae of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women are more strongly linked to repeat infections than to initial ones, and persistent or subsequent infections foster continued transmission. Objective: To identify factors associated with persistent and recurrent chlamydial infection in young women that might influence prevention strategies. Methods: Teenage and young adult women with uncomplicated C trachomatis infection attending reproductive health, sexually transmitted disease, and adolescent medicine clinics in five US cities were recruited to a cohort study. Persistent or recurrent chlamydial infection was detected by ligase chain reaction (LCR) testing of urine 1 month and 4 months after treatment. Results: Among 1,194 women treated for chlamydial infection, 792 (66.4%) returned for the first follow-up visit, 50 (6.3 %) of whom had positive LCR results. At that visit, women who resumed sex since treatment were more likely to have chlamydial infection (relative risk [RR], 2.0; 95% CI, 1.03-3.9), as were those who did not complete treatment (RR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.6-7.3). Among women who tested negative for C trachomatis at the first follow-up visit, 36 (7.1%) of 505 had positive results by LCR at the second follow-up visit. Reinfection at this visit was not clearly associated with having a new sex partner or other sexual behavior risks; new infection was likely due to resumption of sex with untreated partners. Overall, 13.4% of women had persistent infection or became reinfected after a median of 4.3 months, a rate of 33 infections per 1,000 person months. Conclusions: Persistent or recurrent infection is very common in young women with chlamydial infection. Improvedstrategies are needed to assure treatment of women's male sex partners. Rescreening, or retesting of women for chlamydial infection a few months after treatment, also is recommended as a routine chlamydia prevention strategy. C1 Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA USA. Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Indiana Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Handsfield, HH (reprint author), Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Med, 325 9Th Ave,Box 359777, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RI Bolan, Nanthi/E-8535-2011 OI Bolan, Nanthi/0000-0003-2056-1692 NR 33 TC 132 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 28 IS 2 BP 117 EP 123 DI 10.1097/00007435-200102000-00011 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 401YH UT WOS:000166956300011 PM 11234786 ER PT J AU Burstein, GR Zenilman, JM Gaydos, CA Diener-West, M Howell, MR Brathwaite, W Quinn, TC AF Burstein, GR Zenilman, JM Gaydos, CA Diener-West, M Howell, MR Brathwaite, W Quinn, TC TI Predictors of repeat Chlamydia trachomatis infections diagnosed by DNA amplification testing among inner city females SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article DE chlamydia; adolescents; sexually transmitted diseases ID FAMILY-PLANNING CLINICS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; ADOLESCENT FEMALES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; URINE SPECIMENS; CONDOM USE; WOMEN; PREVENTION; PERSISTENCE AB Objective: To describe the epidemiology of prevalent and incident chlamydia infection in order to assess the appropriate interval for chlamydia screening; and to identify risk factors predictive of infection and repeat infections. Design: Prospective longitudinal study of a consecutive sample of 3860 sexually active females aged 12-60 years tested for C trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction in Baltimore City clinics during 11 904 patient visits over a 33 month period. Results: Chlamydia prevalence, incidence, and frequency to diagnosis of infection varied by age. Among 2073 females <25 years, chlamydia infection was found in 31.2%. The median times to first and repeat incident infections were 7.0 months and 7.6 months, respectively. Among 1787 females 25 years, chlamydia infection was found in 9.6%. Median times to first and repeat incident infections were 13.8 months and 11.0 months, respectively. Age <25 years yielded the highest risk of infection. Conclusions: Since a high burden of chlamydia was found among mostly asymptomatic females <25 years in a spectrum of clinical settings, we recommend chlamydia screening for all sexually active females <25 years at least twice yearly. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD USA. Baltimore City Hlth Dept, Baltimore, MD USA. NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Burstein, GR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010 NR 46 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 77 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.1136/sti.77.1.26 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 401BY UT WOS:000166908100007 PM 11158688 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ Little, J AF Khoury, MJ Little, J TI Guidelines for submitting human genome epidemiology (HuGE) reviews to teratology SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD FEB PY 2001 VL 63 IS 2 BP 62 EP 64 DI 10.1002/1096-9926(200102)63:2<62::AID-TERA1010>3.0.CO;2-Y PG 3 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 408EP UT WOS:000167313800002 ER PT J AU Itikala, PR Watkins, ML Mulinare, J Moore, CA Liu, Y AF Itikala, PR Watkins, ML Mulinare, J Moore, CA Liu, Y TI Maternal multivitamin use and orofacial clefts in offspring SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERICONCEPTIONAL VITAMIN USE; FOLIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; INFANT C677T MUTATION; BIRTH-DEFECTS; NEURAL-TUBE; ORAL CLEFTS; FOLATE; FORTIFICATION; PREVENTION; RISKS AB Background: Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CLP) and cleft palate alone (CP) affect approximately 1 in 1000 infants and 1 in 2,500 infants, respectively. Studies of the relation between orofacial clefts and multivitamins or folic acid have been inconsistent. Methods: We used data from a population-based case-control study involving 309 nonsyndromic cleft-affected births (222 with CLP, 87 with CP) and 3,029 control births from 1968 to 1980 to evaluate the relation between regular multivitamin use and the birth prevalence of orofacial clefts. Results: We found a 48% risk reduction for CLP (odds ratio = 0.52, 95% confidence interval = 0.34-0.80) among mothers who used multivitamins during the periconceptional period or who started multivitamin use during the first postconceptional month, after controlling for several covariates. The risk reduction for CP was less than those for CLP (odds ratio = 0.81, 95% confidence interval = 0.44-1.52); however, a small number of CP cases limited interpretation. No risk reductions for CLP or CP were found for women who began multivitamin use in the second or third month after conception. Conclusions: The magnitude of the risk reduction in our study is comparable to those of other recent studies; our study does not support the contention that only large dosages of folic acid are needed to prevent orofacial clefts. More studies are needed to test the effects of multivitamins and varying dosages of folic acid on the recurrence and/or occurrence of orofacial clefts to provide information needed to determine possible prevention strategies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, DBDCDDH, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Watkins, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, DBDCDDH, Mail Stop F-45,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 109 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD FEB PY 2001 VL 63 IS 2 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1002/1096-9926(200102)63:2<79::AID-TERA1013>3.0.CO;2-3 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 408EP UT WOS:000167313800005 PM 11241430 ER PT J AU Teutsch, SM AF Teutsch, SM TI Is an ounce of prevention always worth a pound of cure? Yes: Clinical preventive services can provide excellent value SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Merck & Co Inc, US Human Hlth, Outcomes Res & Management, W Point, PA 19486 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Teutsch, SM (reprint author), Merck & Co Inc, US Human Hlth, Outcomes Res & Management, WP 39-169,POB 4, W Point, PA 19486 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 221 MAIN ST, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94120-7690 USA SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 174 IS 2 BP 84 EP 84 DI 10.1136/ewjm.174.2.84 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 397TY UT WOS:000166714500001 PM 11156898 ER PT J AU Barrios, LC AF Barrios, LC TI Preventing school violence - A time for "hard, solid thinking" SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barrios, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 221 MAIN ST, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94120-7690 USA SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 174 IS 2 BP 88 EP 90 DI 10.1136/ewjm.174.2.88 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 397TY UT WOS:000166714500005 ER PT J AU Boxwell, D Haverkos, H Kukich, S Struble, K Jolson, H AF Boxwell, D Haverkos, H Kukich, S Struble, K Jolson, H TI Serious adverse events attributed to nevirapine regimens for postexposure prophylaxis after HIV exposures - Worldwide, 1997-2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 1153-1156, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 US FDA, Off Postmkt Drug Risk Assessment, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. US FDA, Div Antiviral Drug Prod, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Prevent & Evaluat Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Boxwell, D (reprint author), US FDA, Off Postmkt Drug Risk Assessment, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 24 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 4 BP 402 EP 403 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 394CG UT WOS:000166506000010 ER PT J CA CDC TI Public health dispatch: Outbreak of poliomyelitis - Dominican Republic and Haiti, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 1094-1104, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Minist Hlth, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Minist Hlth, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Port Au Prince, Haiti. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Div Vaccines & Immunizat, Washington, DC 20037 USA. CDC, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Vaccine Preventable Dis Eradicat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), Minist Hlth, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 24 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 4 BP 403 EP 404 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 394CG UT WOS:000166506000011 ER PT J AU Fletcher, M Levy, ME Griffin, DD AF Fletcher, M Levy, ME Griffin, DD TI Foodborne outbreak of group A rotavirus gastroenteritis among college students - District of Columbia, March-April 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 1131-1133, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Dept Hlth, Bur Epidemiol & Dis Control, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, US DOE, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CDC, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enterovirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fletcher, M (reprint author), Dept Hlth, Bur Epidemiol & Dis Control, Washington, DC 20037 USA. NR 1 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 24 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 4 BP 405 EP 406 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 394CG UT WOS:000166506000013 ER PT J AU Koplan, JP Fleming, DW AF Koplan, JP Fleming, DW TI Overpopulation as a public health challenge - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Koplan, JP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 24 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 4 BP 411 EP 411 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 394CG UT WOS:000166506000026 ER PT J AU Parekh, BS Pau, CP Kennedy, MS Dobbs, TL McDougal, JS AF Parekh, BS Pau, CP Kennedy, MS Dobbs, TL McDougal, JS TI Assessment of antibody assays for identifying and distinguishing recent from long-term HIV type 1 infection SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; SOLUBLE CD4; BINDING; GP120; AVIDITY; MATURATION; AFFINITY AB We evaluated 16 antibody assays for their performance in discriminating recent from established HIV-1 infection. These approaches were based on antigen specificity, quantity, conformation dependence, and avidity/affinity of HIV-specific antibodies. A panel of 41 sera from subjects who had seroconverted in the previous 2-6 months (n = 20) and from subjects with established infection (>1 year, n = 21) were run in each assay. Compared with anti-Gag and anti-Pol responses, quantitative anti-Env antibody levels were initially lower and ultimately higher, resulting in the greatest spread and least overlap between incident and established infection. Quantitative measurement included end-point titer in Western blot, end-point titer or response at a given dilution in solid-phase enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) with recombinant proteins or synthetic peptides, and IgG capture assays that reflect the relative proportion of IgG that is anti-HIV antibody. Focusing on the anti-env response, we measured specific responses to the V3 region of gp120, to the CD4-binding site of gp120, to a peptide corresponding to the immunodominant region of gp41, and to conformation-dependent epitopes of gp120, We also measured antibody affinity for gp41 peptide and the relative avidity for gp120 or gp41 peptide by thermal or urea-elution assays. These assays also discriminated recent from established infection but were not necessarily superior to the quantitative anti-Env assays. Appropriate approaches, based on distinct principles or combination of principles, can be used to develop simple assays for identifying individuals recently infected with HIV-1. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Parekh, BS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Publ Hlth Serv, Bldg 17-3050,Mailstop D12,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JAN 20 PY 2001 VL 17 IS 2 BP 137 EP 146 DI 10.1089/08892220150217229 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 396PW UT WOS:000166646600006 PM 11177393 ER PT J AU Rodenburg, CM Li, YY Trask, SA Chen, YL Decker, J Robertson, DL Kalish, ML Shaw, GM Allen, S Hahn, BH Gao, F AF Rodenburg, CM Li, YY Trask, SA Chen, YL Decker, J Robertson, DL Kalish, ML Shaw, GM Allen, S Hahn, BH Gao, F CA UNAIDS NIAID Networks HIV Isolati TI Near full-length clones and reference sequences for subtype C isolates of HIV type 1 from three different continents SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; NEUTRALIZATION SEROTYPES; GENETIC SUBTYPE; RECOMBINATION; CHINA AB Among the major circulating HIV-1 subtypes, subtype C is the most prevalent. To generate full-length subtype C clones and sequences, we selected 13 primary (PBMC-derived) isolates from Zambia, India, Tanzania, South Africa, Brazil, and China, which were identified as subtype C by partial sequence analysis. Near full-length viral genomes were amplified by using a long PCR technique, sequenced in their entirety, and phylogenetically analyzed. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed 10.2, 6.3, and 17.3% diversity in predicted Gag, Pol, and Env protein sequences. Ten of 13 viruses were nonmosaic subtype C genomes, while all three isolates from China represented B/C recombinants, One of them was composed primarily of subtype C sequences with three small subtype B portions in gag, pol, and aef genes. Two others exhibited these same mosaic regions, but contained two additional subtype B portions at the gag/pol overlap and in the accessory gene region, suggesting ongoing B/C recombination in China, All subtype C genomes contained a prematurely truncated second exon of rev, but other previously proposed subtype C signatures, including three potential NF-kappaB-binding sites in the viral promoter-enhancer regions, were found in only a subset of these genomes. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3P3, England. CDC, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol & Int Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Gao, F (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Med, 701 S 19th St,LHRB 639, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. OI , Carolyn/0000-0003-0125-1226; Auewarakul, Prasert/0000-0002-4745-4291 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 40951, N01 AI 85338] NR 26 TC 139 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JAN 20 PY 2001 VL 17 IS 2 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1089/08892220150217247 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 396PW UT WOS:000166646600008 PM 11177395 ER PT J AU Hurd, S Phan, Q Hadler, J Mackenzie, B Lance-Parker, S Blake, P Deasy, M Rankin, J Frye, D Lee, I Werner, B Vugia, D Bidol, S Stoltman, G Boulton, M Widemann, M Kornstein, L Reddy, S Mojica, B Guido, F Huang, A Vincent, C Bugenhagen, A Corby, J Carloni, E Holcomb, M Kondracki, S Woron, R Zansky, S Smith, P Dowdle, G Nichols, C Smith, F Gerber, D Jones, T Moore, W Ahrabi-Fard, S Davis, J AF Hurd, S Phan, Q Hadler, J Mackenzie, B Lance-Parker, S Blake, P Deasy, M Rankin, J Frye, D Lee, I Werner, B Vugia, D Bidol, S Stoltman, G Boulton, M Widemann, M Kornstein, L Reddy, S Mojica, B Guido, F Huang, A Vincent, C Bugenhagen, A Corby, J Carloni, E Holcomb, M Kondracki, S Woron, R Zansky, S Smith, P Dowdle, G Nichols, C Smith, F Gerber, D Jones, T Moore, W Ahrabi-Fard, S Davis, J CA CDC TI Multistate outbreak of listeriosis - United States, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 1129-1130, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Connecticut State Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. Los Angeles Dept Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. Calif State Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Westchester Cty Dept Hlth, New Rochelle, NY USA. New York State Dept Agr & Markets, Albany, NY USA. Utah Dept Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Wisconsin Dept Hlth, Madison, WI USA. CDC, Human Hlth Sci Div, Off Publ Hlth, Food Safety & Inspect Serv,USDA, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hurd, S (reprint author), Connecticut State Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. NR 1 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 17 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 3 BP 285 EP 286 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 390XD UT WOS:000166324300010 ER PT J AU Lofgren, JP Macias, M Russakow, S Gergely, R McPartland, B Amrich, M Krueger, J Silverman, M Caceres, I Wooldridge, J Symonik, D Falken, M Stout, M Krantz, T Ward, T Norman, E Twitchell, N Eccleston, C Raucci, J Alexander, T Stevens-Dickerson, I Braggio, JT Fletcher, A Ball, W Lynn, S Mueller, M Coons, MJ Klietz, T Musgrave, K AF Lofgren, JP Macias, M Russakow, S Gergely, R McPartland, B Amrich, M Krueger, J Silverman, M Caceres, I Wooldridge, J Symonik, D Falken, M Stout, M Krantz, T Ward, T Norman, E Twitchell, N Eccleston, C Raucci, J Alexander, T Stevens-Dickerson, I Braggio, JT Fletcher, A Ball, W Lynn, S Mueller, M Coons, MJ Klietz, T Musgrave, K CA CDC TI Blood lead levels in young children - United States and selected states, 1996-1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 1133-1137, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Colorado Dept Hlth, Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent Program, Denver, CO 80222 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent Program, Hartford, CT USA. Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent Program, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. Maine Dept Human Serv, Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent Program, Augusta, ME USA. Massachusetts Dept Hlth, Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent Program, Boston, MA USA. Michigan Dept Publ Hlth, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent Program, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. Butte Silver Bow Cty Hlth Dept, Butte, MT USA. Montana Dept Publ Hlth & Human Serv, Helena, MT USA. Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Div Environm Hlth, Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent Program, Raleigh, NC USA. New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent Program, Concord, NH 03301 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent Program, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent Program, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. Oklahoma State Dept Hlth, Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent Program, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. Utah Dept Hlth, Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent Program, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. Vermont Dept Hlth, Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent Program, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Lead Surveillance Program, Olympia, WA USA. Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent Program, Madison, WI USA. Wyoming Dept Hlth, Cheyenne, WY USA. CDC, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lofgren, JP (reprint author), Colorado Dept Hlth, Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent Program, Denver, CO 80222 USA. NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 17 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 3 BP 286 EP 287 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 390XD UT WOS:000166324300011 ER PT J CA CDC TI Respiratory syncytial virus activity - United States, 1999-2000 season (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 1091-1093, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID BRONCHIOLITIS-ASSOCIATED HOSPITALIZATIONS; INFECTION; CHILDREN; ADULTS C1 CDC, Natl Resp & Enter Virus Surveillance Syst Collabo, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, Natl Resp & Enter Virus Surveillance Syst Collabo, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 17 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 3 BP 287 EP 288 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 390XD UT WOS:000166324300012 ER PT J AU Chu, SY Singleton, JA McCauley, MM Orenstein, WA Hughes, JM Mawle, AC Modlin, JF AF Chu, SY Singleton, JA McCauley, MM Orenstein, WA Hughes, JM Mawle, AC Modlin, JF TI Influenza vaccine for healthy working adults SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dartmouth Med Sch, Lebanon, NH USA. RP Chu, SY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 17 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 3 BP 291 EP 292 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 390XD UT WOS:000166324300016 PM 11176835 ER PT J AU Bridges, CB Meltzer, MI Thompson, WW AF Bridges, CB Meltzer, MI Thompson, WW TI Influenza vaccine for healthy working adults - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID POPULATION; IMPACT; TRIAL C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bridges, CB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 17 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 3 BP 292 EP 292 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 390XD UT WOS:000166324300017 ER PT J AU Dworkin, MS Wan, PCT AF Dworkin, MS Wan, PCT TI Indinavir, zidovudine, lamivudine: 3-year follow-up SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dworkin, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JAN 16 PY 2001 VL 134 IS 2 BP 165 EP 165 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 391KW UT WOS:000166356000012 PM 11177322 ER PT J AU Ohnishi, J Piesman, J de Silva, AM AF Ohnishi, J Piesman, J de Silva, AM TI Antigenic and genetic heterogeneity of Borrelia burgdorferi populations transmitted by ticks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; OUTER SURFACE-PROTEIN; IXODES-RICINUS TICKS; INBRED STRAINS; MICE; TRANSMISSION; EXPRESSION; ARTHROPOD; INFECTION; ANTIBODY AB The genome of Borrelia burgdorferi encodes a large number of lipoproteins, many of which are expressed only at certain stages of the spirochete's life cycle. In the current study we describe the B, burgdorferi population structure with respect to the production of two lipoproteins [outer surface protein A (OspA) and outer surface protein C (OspC)] during transmission from the tick vector to the mammalian host. Before the blood meal, the bacteria in the tick were a homogeneous population that mainly produced OspA only, During the blood meal, the population became more heterogeneous; many bacteria produced both OspA and OspC whereas others produced only a single Osp and a few produced neither Osp. From the heterogeneous spirochetal population in the gut, a subset depleted of OspA entered the salivary glands and stably infected the host at time points >53 hr into the blood meal. We also examined genetic heterogeneity at the B. burgdorferi vlsE locus before and during the blood meal. In unfed ticks, the vlsE locus was stable and one predominant and two minor alleles were detected, During the blood meal, multiple vlsE alleles were observed in the tick. Tick feeding may increase recombination at the vlsE locus or selectively amplify rare vlsE alleles present in unfed ticks, On the basis of our data we propose a model, which is different from the established model for B. burgdorferi transmission, Implicit in our model is the concept that tick transmission converts a homogeneous spirochete population into a heterogeneous population that is poised to infect the mammalian host. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP de Silva, AM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, CB 7290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR-02061] NR 38 TC 190 Z9 195 U1 2 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 16 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 2 BP 670 EP 675 DI 10.1073/pnas.98.2.670 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 393TG UT WOS:000166485300058 PM 11209063 ER PT J AU Hebert, LE Scherr, PA McCann, JJ Beckett, LA Evans, DA AF Hebert, LE Scherr, PA McCann, JJ Beckett, LA Evans, DA TI Is the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease greater for women than for men? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer's disease; incidence; mortality; prevalence; prospective studies; risk factors; sex factors; women ID COMMUNITY POPULATION; JAPANESE POPULATION; ELDERLY COMMUNITY; SENILE DEMENTIA; OLDER PERSONS; PREVALENCE; AGE; SUBTYPES; PROJECT; PREDICTORS AB A large proportion of people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are women; however, it is not clear whether this is due to higher risk of disease or solely to the larger number of women alive at ages when AD is common. Beginning in 1982, two stratified random samples of people aged greater than or equal to 65 years in East Boston, Massachusetts underwent detailed, structured clinical evaluation for prevalent (467 people) and incident (642 people from a cohort previously ascertained to be disease-free) probable AD. The prevalence sample was followed for mortality for up to 11 years (through December 1992). The age-specific incidence of AD did not differ significantly by sex (for men vs, women, odds ratio = 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51, 1.67). Controlled for age, prevalence also did not differ significantly by sex (for men vs, women, odds ratio = 1.29; 95% CI: 0.67, 2.48). The increase in risk of mortality due to AD did not vary by sex. The odds ratio for women with AD compared with women without AD was 2.07 (95% CI: 1.21, 3.56). For men, the odds ratio was 2.22 (95% CI: 1.02, 4.81). These findings suggest that the excess number of women with AD is due to the longer life expectancy of women rather than sex-specific risk factors for the disease. C1 Rush Univ, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hebert, LE (reprint author), Rush Univ, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, 1645 W Jackson Blvd,Suite 675, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG05362, AG10161, AG11862] NR 49 TC 110 Z9 115 U1 3 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 153 IS 2 BP 132 EP 136 DI 10.1093/aje/153.2.132 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 391HR UT WOS:000166351000006 PM 11159157 ER PT J AU Song, RG Kennedy, E Bartley, D AF Song, RG Kennedy, E Bartley, D TI Uniformity test of bias when the reference value contains experimental error SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The uniformity test of biases for analytical methods must address uncertainties in the reference method. If the uncertainty associated with the estimates of true values is significant but ignored in the test of bias equality, the type I error can exceed the prespecified error rate. In general, when biases at each concentration level are confounded with a random component (confounding bias), the usual test of bias equality tests the uniformity of the combined bias, rather than the uniformity of fixed bias-the bias without the random component. Based on a confounding model that takes both the fixed and the confounding biases into account, the actual type I error rate of the uniformity test can be calculated. To eliminate the impact of confounding bias on the uniformity test of fixed biases, a new F'-test is proposed. The new F'-test is simply adding a correction factor to the conventional, F-test. The correction factor is directly related to the uncertainty associated with the estimates of true values. A simulation study is conducted to show that the proposed test can bring the type I error rate down to the prespecified level. Data from two aldehyde methods are used to demonstrate how the proposed F'-test works. Recommendations on optimal sample allocation are also provided. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Song, RG (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 73 IS 2 BP 310 EP 314 DI 10.1021/ac000710n PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 391QE UT WOS:000166366000026 PM 11199983 ER PT J AU Breiman, RF AF Breiman, RF TI Vaccines as tools for advancing more than public health: Perspectives of a former director of the National Vaccine Program Office SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; DISEASE; MEASLES AB With application of new technologies and licensing of new vaccines, vaccines will soon be better by several orders of magnitude. Yet barriers impede the introduction and wide use of new vaccines. Most of the diseases for which we will have vaccines in the future have not evoked enthusiasm from public health professionals, but not consumer demand, despite ongoing high rates of disease and death. Furthermore, the public's attention turns from the now rarely occurring vaccine-preventable diseases to reports of fears and confirmed adverse events associated with the same vaccines that so effectively continue to prevent disease. New vaccines will be held to a much higher standard; thus we will need more capacity for disease studies, vaccine trials, and surveillance systems. Vaccines and immunization programs contribute to the societal fabric and are an expression of social responsibility. Vaccine research and implementation programs must have the foundation and capacity to keep pace with evolving scientific and societal realities so that their broad benefits can be fully realized. C1 Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, Programme Infect Dis & Vaccine Sci, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. RP Breiman, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop D-66,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 32 IS 2 BP 283 EP 288 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 393JK UT WOS:000166465300016 PM 11170919 ER PT J AU Sobel, JD Ohmit, SE Schuman, P Klein, RS Mayer, K Duerr, A Vazquez, JA Rompalo, A AF Sobel, JD Ohmit, SE Schuman, P Klein, RS Mayer, K Duerr, A Vazquez, JA Rompalo, A TI The evolution of Candida species and fluconazole susceptibility among oral and vaginal isolates recovered from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and at-risk HIV-seronegative women SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; INFECTED PATIENTS; MUCOSAL CANDIDIASIS; RESISTANT CANDIDA; POSITIVE PATIENTS; DOUBLE-BLIND; IN-VITRO; ALBICANS; THERAPY AB Antifungal agents can effectively treat mucosal candidiasis; however, their use can lead to colonization with less susceptible species and to resistance among normally susceptible strains. Oral and vaginal Candida isolates obtained at 3 points over 2 years from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- seropositive and at- risk HIV- seronegative women were identified by species and were evaluated for in vitro fluconazole susceptibility. Prevalence of non- C. albicans strains increased over time, and these strains were more likely among women reporting current antifungal use. Among C. albicans isolates, resistance was rare, with no evidence for progressive reduction in susceptibility over time. Among non- C. albicans isolates, reduced susceptibility occurred frequently and increased with time. HIV- seropositive women were more likely to have non- C. albicans isolates with reduced susceptibility as were women reporting current antifungal use. This evolution and selection of mucosa- colonizing Candida species with reduced susceptibility could play a critical early role in the development of antifungal resistance among C. albicans isolates responsible for refractory candidiasis. C1 Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Sobel, JD (reprint author), Harper Hosp, Div Infect Dis, 4 Brush,Rm 4811,3990 John R St, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU306802, U64/CCU106795, U64/CCU206798] NR 40 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 2 BP 286 EP 293 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 385DU UT WOS:000165987700016 PM 11204125 ER PT J AU Varghese, B Peterman, TA Mugalla, C AF Varghese, B Peterman, TA Mugalla, C TI Voluntary counselling and testing for HIV-1 SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Varghese, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 13 PY 2001 VL 357 IS 9250 BP 144 EP 144 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71179-X PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 393NH UT WOS:000166476200043 PM 11197423 ER PT J AU Tripp, RA Hou, S Etchart, N Prinz, A Moore, D Winter, J Anderson, LJ AF Tripp, RA Hou, S Etchart, N Prinz, A Moore, D Winter, J Anderson, LJ TI CD4(+) T cell frequencies and Th1/Th2 cytokine patterns expressed in the acute and memory response to respiratory syncytial virus I-E-d-restricted peptides SO CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RSV; Th1; Th2; CTLp; peptide; I-E-d; class II; virus ID RECOMBINANT VACCINIA VIRUS; PULMONARY INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; FORMALIN-INACTIVATED RSV; BALB/C MICE; G-GLYCOPROTEIN; FUSION PROTEIN; F-GLYCOPROTEIN; M2 PROTEIN; PROTECTIVE EPITOPES AB The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-specific frequencies and cytokine expression patterns of acute and memory CD4(+) T cells from RSV strain-A- and strain-B-infected BALB/c mice were determined following restimulation with a panel of 14 predicted RSV I-E-d peptides from NSP-2, M, SH, F, and L proteins. Ten of fourteen peptides stimulated intracellular Th1 and/or Th2 cytokines in CD4(+) T cells from the mediastinal lymph nodes (MLN) and spleens of RSV strain-A-or strain-B-immune BALB/c mice. Spleen cells exhibited a predominant Th2 cytokine expression pattern after peptide stimulation, whereas MLN cells exhibited a mixed Th1/Th2 cytokine pattern. For a few peptides, there were differences in the Th1/Th2 cytokine response to peptides from the homologous versus heterologous RSV group. None of the 10 peptides induced both Th1 and Th2 cytokines in cells from similarly immunized mice. The frequency and breadth of cytokine expression by I-E-d-restricted CD4(+) T cells to peptide stimulation was diminished in the memory response. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Furman Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. Edward Jenner Inst Vaccine Res, Newbury RG20 7NN, Berks, England. RP Tripp, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0008-8749 J9 CELL IMMUNOL JI Cell. Immunol. PD JAN 10 PY 2001 VL 207 IS 1 BP 59 EP 71 DI 10.1006/cimm.2000.1752 PG 13 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA 405DM UT WOS:000167142600009 PM 11161454 ER PT J AU Beckett, G Williams, D Giberson, G Gensheimer, KF Gershman, K Shillam, P Hoffman, RE Merry, R Savalox, H Fawcett, L AF Beckett, G Williams, D Giberson, G Gensheimer, KF Gershman, K Shillam, P Hoffman, RE Merry, R Savalox, H Fawcett, L CA CDC TI Pseudomonas dermatitis/folliculitis associated with pools and hot tubs - Colorado and Maine, 1999-2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 1087-1090, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID FOLLICULITIS; OUTBREAK C1 Maine Bur Hlth, Augusta, ME USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Eagle Cty Environm Hlth Div, Eagle, CO USA. CDC, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Beckett, G (reprint author), Maine Bur Hlth, Augusta, ME USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 10 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 2 BP 157 EP 158 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 389FB UT WOS:000166227000007 ER PT J AU Van Fossan, D Jagoda, L LeSage, A Hartmann, R Johl, J Sharman, J Jay, M Schnurr, D Crawford-Miksza, L Glaser, C Vugia, D Leach, R Cantiello, K Auer, P Jones, G Qian, J Depowski, P Downing, P Trimarchi, C Huang, C Drabkin, P Eidson, M Wallace, B Willsey, A Smith, P Ahadzie, L Katner, HP Rahman, M Muraina, O Tift, JP Shetty, D Drenzek, CL Lance-Parker, S Cantrell, D Saidla, E Koppanyi, Z Blake, PA Boldingh, T Wagstrom, L Danila, R Mariotti, J Smith, KE Neitzel, D Hull, HF Shireley, L Johnson, D Patron, R Scheckler, WE Levin, JM Dominski, M Wolff, M Muhlenbeck, B Turner, RC Kazmierczak, J Proctor, M Davis, JP AF Van Fossan, D Jagoda, L LeSage, A Hartmann, R Johl, J Sharman, J Jay, M Schnurr, D Crawford-Miksza, L Glaser, C Vugia, D Leach, R Cantiello, K Auer, P Jones, G Qian, J Depowski, P Downing, P Trimarchi, C Huang, C Drabkin, P Eidson, M Wallace, B Willsey, A Smith, P Ahadzie, L Katner, HP Rahman, M Muraina, O Tift, JP Shetty, D Drenzek, CL Lance-Parker, S Cantrell, D Saidla, E Koppanyi, Z Blake, PA Boldingh, T Wagstrom, L Danila, R Mariotti, J Smith, KE Neitzel, D Hull, HF Shireley, L Johnson, D Patron, R Scheckler, WE Levin, JM Dominski, M Wolff, M Muhlenbeck, B Turner, RC Kazmierczak, J Proctor, M Davis, JP CA CDC TI Human rabies - California, Georgia, Minnesota, New York, and Wisconsin, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 1111-1115, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Sutter Amador Hosp, Jackson, CA 95642 USA. Amador Cty Hlth Dept, Jackson, CA USA. Amador Cty Rabies Task Force, Jackson, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Calif State Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Glens Falls Hosp, Glens Falls, NY USA. Warren Cty Hlth Dept, Glens Falls, NY USA. Albany Med Ctr, Albany, NY USA. Washington Cty Hlth Dept, Hudson Falls, NY USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Ghana Minist Hlth, Accra, Ghana. Mercer Univ, Sch Med, Macon, GA 31207 USA. Med Ctr Cent Georgia, Macon, GA USA. Peach Cty Med Ctr, Ft Valley, GA USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Minnesota Board Anim Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. Dakota Heartland Hosp, Fargo, ND USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. N Dakota Dept Hlth, Bismarck, ND USA. St Marys Hosp, Med Ctr, Madison, WI USA. Sauk Cty Hlth Dept, Baraboo, WI USA. Reedsburg Area Med Ctr, Reedsburg, WI USA. Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. CDC, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Van Fossan, D (reprint author), Sutter Amador Hosp, Jackson, CA 95642 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 10 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 2 BP 158 EP 160 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 389FB UT WOS:000166227000008 ER PT J AU Turgeon, N Tucci, M Teitelbaum, J Deshaies, D Pilon, PA Carsley, J Valiquette, L Arruda, H Alain, L Jackson, AC Wandeler, A AF Turgeon, N Tucci, M Teitelbaum, J Deshaies, D Pilon, PA Carsley, J Valiquette, L Arruda, H Alain, L Jackson, AC Wandeler, A CA CDC TI Human rabies - Quebec, Canada, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 1115, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Hop St Justine, Montreal, PQ H3T 1C5, Canada. Hop Maison Neuve Rosemont, Montreal, PQ H1T 2M4, Canada. Montreal Ctr Dept Publ Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Minist Hlth & Social Serv, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Kingston Gen Hosp, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada. Anim Dis Res Inst, Kingston, ON, Canada. CDC, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Turgeon, N (reprint author), Hop St Justine, Montreal, PQ H3T 1C5, Canada. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 10 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 2 BP 160 EP 161 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 389FB UT WOS:000166227000009 ER PT J CA CDC TI Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication - Eastern Mediterranean region, 1999-September 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 1024-1028, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 REg Off Eastern Mediterranean Reg, Cairo, Egypt. WHO, Dept Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Vaccine preventable Dis Eradicat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), REg Off Eastern Mediterranean Reg, Cairo, Egypt. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 10 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 2 BP 161 EP 162 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 389FB UT WOS:000166227000010 ER PT J AU Sutter, RW Cochi, SL AF Sutter, RW Cochi, SL TI Polio immunization. Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sutter, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 4 PY 2001 VL 344 IS 1 BP 62 EP 63 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 388CT UT WOS:000166160400016 ER PT J AU McNaghten, AD Adams, MR Dworkin, MS AF McNaghten, AD Adams, MR Dworkin, MS CA Adult Adolescent Spectrum HIV Dis TI Case 23-2000: Osteomyelitis in HIV-infected patients. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McNaghten, AD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 4 PY 2001 VL 344 IS 1 BP 66 EP 67 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 388CT UT WOS:000166160400024 PM 11187119 ER PT J CA WHO Collaborating Labs Natl Resp Enteric Virus Surveilla Sentinel Physicians Influenza Surv CDC TI Influenza activity - United States, 2000-01 season (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 1085-1087, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Surveillance Syst Br, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Mortal Stat Br, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Resp & Enter Virus Br, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Influenza Br, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 3 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 1 BP 35 EP 36 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 387GH UT WOS:000166114500007 ER PT J AU Rutherford, GW Ingle, R AF Rutherford, GW Ingle, R CA CDC TI Unpowered scooter-related injuries - United States, 1998-2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 1108-1110, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID SAFETY C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rutherford, GW (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 3 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 1 BP 36 EP 37 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 387GH UT WOS:000166114500008 ER PT J CA CDC TI End-stage renal disease attributed to diabetes among American Indians/Alaska natives with diabetes - United States, 1990-1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 959-62, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Natl Diabet Program Headquarters, Indian Hlth Svc,Epidemiol & Stat Br, Div Diabet Translat,Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent &, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), CDC, Natl Diabet Program Headquarters, Indian Hlth Svc,Epidemiol & Stat Br, Div Diabet Translat,Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent &, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 3 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 1 BP 37 EP 38 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 387GH UT WOS:000166114500009 ER PT J AU Oliver, JF Ostroff, SM AF Oliver, JF Ostroff, SM TI Preventing Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Oliver, JF (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 3 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 1 BP 42 EP 43 DI 10.1001/jama.285.1.42 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 387GH UT WOS:000166114500019 PM 11150104 ER PT J AU Steindel, SJ Howanitz, PJ AF Steindel, SJ Howanitz, PJ TI The uncertainty of hair analysis for trace metals SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID WASHING PROCEDURES; ELEMENTS; ZINC C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Div Lab Syst, Lab Practice Assessment Branch, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol, Brooklyn, NY USA. RP Steindel, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Div Lab Syst, Lab Practice Assessment Branch, MS G-23,4770 Buford Hwy, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 3 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 1 BP 83 EP 85 DI 10.1001/jama.285.1.83 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 387GH UT WOS:000166114500030 PM 11150115 ER PT B AU Diaz, HF Cayan, DR AF Diaz, HF Cayan, DR GP AMS AMS TI Seasonality of precipitation in the American Southwest and cultural changes in the Colorado plateau in pre-historic times SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, OAR, CDC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Diaz, HF (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, CDC, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 30 EP 33 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01M UT WOS:000177601900011 ER PT J AU Mourya, DT Thakare, JP Gokhale, MD Powers, AM Hundekar, SL Jayakumar, PC Bondre, VP Shouche, YS Padbidri, VS AF Mourya, DT Thakare, JP Gokhale, MD Powers, AM Hundekar, SL Jayakumar, PC Bondre, VP Shouche, YS Padbidri, VS TI Isolation of Chikungunya virus from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected in the town of Yawat, Pune District, Maharashtra State, India SO ACTA VIROLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; Chikungunya virus; Dengue virus ID DENGUE VIRUSES; TRANSMISSION; VECTORS AB Chikungunya (CHIK) virus is prevalent throughout Southeast Asia and Africa. It has caused numerous large outbreaks in India. No active or passive surveillance has been carried out since the last epidemic occurring in 1971. During a recent outbreak of Dengue (DEN)-like illness in eastern India, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected from the affected area were positive for CHIK virus. Evidence of dual infection with CHIK and DEN type1 virus was also obtained. A widely circulating low-virulent CHIK virus is a possible explanation for the epidemiological pattern of the CHIK virus disease in this region. C1 Natl Inst Virol, Pune, Maharashtra, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Pune Univ, Natl Ctr Cell Sci, Pune, Maharashtra, India. RP Mourya, DT (reprint author), Indian Council Med Res, Microbial Containment Complex,Sus Rd, Pune 411021, Maharashtra, India. RI SHOUCHE, YOGESH/C-1231-2009 NR 23 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 4 PU SLOVAK ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI BRATISLAVA PA PO BOX 57 NAM SLOBODY 6, 810 05 BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA SN 0001-723X J9 ACTA VIROL JI Acta Virol. PY 2001 VL 45 IS 5-6 BP 305 EP 309 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 553VU UT WOS:000175697600006 PM 12083330 ER PT J AU Hogben, M Byrne, D Hamburger, ME Osland, J AF Hogben, M Byrne, D Hamburger, ME Osland, J TI Legitimized aggression and sexual coercion: Individual differences in cultural spillover SO AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE aggression; sexual coercion; social legitimization; measurement ID INITIAL VALIDATION; MACHO PERSONALITY; ATTITUDES; AUTHORITARIANISM; RAPE AB Correlations between aggressive attitudes and sexual coercion have consistently been found in numerous empirical studies across social science disciplines, Extrapolating from sociological research linking indices of legitimate aggression by state to statewide frequencies of rape, we have extended the investigation of legitimate aggression and coercive sexuality to the individual level. The specific purposes of this research were to index the breadth and level of endorsement of legitimized aggression at the individual level and to measure the association between such an index and coercive sexual behavior. These purposes were achieved across the course of three studies in which we created a new dispositional measure, the Proclivity for Legitimized Aggression Questionnaire (PLAQ), and replicated a sociocultural level correlation with coercive sexual behavior (Study 1); assessed the individual differences level construct validity of the PLAQ (Study 2); and tested whether endorsement of items on the PLAQ were related to content-relevant behaviors (Study 3), The PLAQ was internally consistent, modestly but significantly correlated with a measure of self-reported coercive sexual behavior, and characterized by promising construct validity, (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss.Inc.. C1 Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Psychol, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hogben, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, MS-E44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 17 U2 20 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0096-140X J9 AGGRESSIVE BEHAV JI Aggressive Behav. PY 2001 VL 27 IS 1 BP 26 EP 43 DI 10.1002/1098-2337(20010101/31)27:1<26::AID-AB3>3.0.CO;2-V PG 18 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA 395JB UT WOS:000166576300003 ER PT J AU Kilmarx, PH Ramjee, G Kitayaporn, D Kunasol, P AF Kilmarx, PH Ramjee, G Kitayaporn, D Kunasol, P TI Protection of human subjects' rights in HIV-preventive clinical trials in Africa and Asia: experiences and recommendations SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE research; ethics; informed consent; counseling; community; vaccine; microbicide ID VACCINE TRIALS; ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS; EFFICACY TRIALS; CHALLENGES; THAILAND; NATIONS C1 Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. MRC, Durban, South Africa. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. RP Kilmarx, PH (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, DMS 6 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PY 2001 VL 15 SU 5 BP S73 EP S79 DI 10.1097/00002030-200100005-00010 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 504AL UT WOS:000172834100010 PM 11816177 ER PT J AU Polonis, VR De Souza, MS Chanbancherd, P Chantakulkij, S Jugsudee, A Loomis-Price, LD Vancott, TC Garner, R Markowitz, LE Brown, AE Birx, DL AF Polonis, VR De Souza, MS Chanbancherd, P Chantakulkij, S Jugsudee, A Loomis-Price, LD Vancott, TC Garner, R Markowitz, LE Brown, AE Birx, DL TI HIV type 1 subtype E-infected patients with broadened, dual (B/E) V3 loop serology have increased cross-neutralizing antibodies SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; YOUNG THAI MEN; T-CELL-LINE; VACCINE DEVELOPMENT; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; GENETIC SUBTYPES; VIRAL GENOTYPE; AMINO-ACID; ENVELOPE AB The two prevalent subtypes of HIV-1 circulating in Thailand are subtypes E and B, While the most prevalent subtype continues to be E using molecular typing assays, immunologically, a subset of subtype E-infected patients (3.4% in 1997) have binding antibodies to both the E and B V3 loops in a peptide ELISA. To assess the potential function of this dual (B/E) V3 reactivity, plasmas from patients with genetically defined HIV-1 subtype E infection and either E or B/E V3 serotypes were compared for magnitude and breadth of neutralization of seven primary and laboratory-adapted subtype B and E viruses, Dually reactive (B/E) plasmas showed significantly increased cross-neutralizing activity against subtype B viruses (p < 0.001), and increased neutralization of the panel of viruses overall (p < 0.02), as compared to monoreactive E serotype plasmas, While the total envelope binding antibody titers to both subtype B and E envelopes did not differ significantly between the E, and B/E plasmas, 67% of B/E plasmas neutralized >50% of the viruses in the panel, and only 14% of E plasmas showed this broadened neutralizing activity, These data suggest that dual (B/E) V3 loop reactivity may be a marker of broader immune recognition of HIV envelope epitopes in subtype E-infected patients, V3 loop antibody, perhaps in conjunction with antibodies to additional epitopes, may play a role in neutralization of virus isolates from Thailand. C1 Henry M Jackson Fdn, Dept Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. AIP, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Polonis, VR (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn, Dept Retrovirol, 13 Taft Court, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 65 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 17 IS 1 BP 69 EP 79 DI 10.1089/088922201750056807 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 394LP UT WOS:000166525800006 PM 11177385 ER PT J AU Cummins, JE Switzer, WM Boneva, RS Shanmugam, V Sandstrom, P Chapman, LE Heneine, W Dezzutti, CS AF Cummins, JE Switzer, WM Boneva, RS Shanmugam, V Sandstrom, P Chapman, LE Heneine, W Dezzutti, CS TI Humoral immune responses and virus recovery in the oral mucosa of humans occupationally infected with SFVcpz SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PY 2001 VL 17 SU 1 BP S58 EP S58 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 446EE UT WOS:000169499300208 ER PT J AU Dezzutti, CS Guenthner, PC AF Dezzutti, CS Guenthner, PC TI Matrix metalloproteinase-9 MMP9 production and induction by HTLV-LU-infected cell lines: Differential production between HAM/TSP-derived and ATL-derived cell lines. SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PY 2001 VL 17 SU 1 BP S63 EP S63 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 446EE UT WOS:000169499300226 ER PT J AU Hisada, M Masciotra, V Lal, R Rudolph, D Martin, M Carrington, M Wilks, R Manns, A AF Hisada, M Masciotra, V Lal, R Rudolph, D Martin, M Carrington, M Wilks, R Manns, A TI Chemokine receptor gene polymorphisms and risk of human T-lymphotropic virus type I infection in Jamaica. SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI, Viral Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, DASTLR, NCID, Atlanta, GA USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Intramural Res Support Program, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Frederick, MD USA. Univ W Indies, Res Inst Trop Med, Epidemiol Res Unit, Kingston 7, Jamaica. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PY 2001 VL 17 SU 1 BP S37 EP S37 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 446EE UT WOS:000169499300123 ER PT J AU Switzer, WM Shanmugam, V Van Dooren, S Vandamme, AM Bhullar, V Parekh, B Heneine, W AF Switzer, WM Shanmugam, V Van Dooren, S Vandamme, AM Bhullar, V Parekh, B Heneine, W TI Identification of a distinct STLV in an Ethiopian gelada baboon (Theropithicus gelada). SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rega Inst, Louvain, Belgium. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Hosp, Louvain, Belgium. RI Vandamme, Anne Mieke/I-4127-2012 OI Vandamme, Anne Mieke/0000-0002-6594-2766 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PY 2001 VL 17 SU 1 BP S11 EP S11 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 446EE UT WOS:000169499300026 ER PT J AU Campbell, DL Coffey, CC Lenhart, SW AF Campbell, DL Coffey, CC Lenhart, SW TI Respiratory protection as a function of respirator fitting characteristics and fit test accuracy SO AIHAJ LA English DT Article DE assignment error; fit-testing; h-value; respirator ID HEALTH-CARE ENVIRONMENT; EXPOSURE AB The fitting characteristics of particulate respirators are no longer assessed in the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health respirator certification program. It is important for respirator program administrators to understand the implications of that change and the additional burden it may impose. To address that issue, a typical respirator fit-testing program is analyzed using a mathematical model that describes the effectiveness of a fit-testing program as a function of the fitting characteristics of the respirator and the accuracy of the fit-testing method. The model is used to estimate (1) the respirator assignment error, the percentage of respirator wearers mistakenly assigned an ill-fitting respirator; (2) the number of fit-test trials necessary to qualify a group of workers for respirator use; and (3) the number of workers who will fail the fit-test with any candidate respirator model and thereby fail to qualify for respirator use. Using data from previous studies, the model predicts respirator assignment errors ranging from 0 to 20%, depending on the fitting characteristics of the respirator models selected and the fit-testing method used. This analysis indicates that when respirators do not necessarily have good fitting characteristics, respirator program administrators should exercise increased care in the selection of respirator models and increased care in fit-testing. Also presented are ways to assess the fitting characteristics of candidate respirator models by monitoring the first-time fit-testing results. The model demonstrates that significant public health and economic benefits can result when only respirators having good fitting characteristics are purchased and respirators are assigned to workers using highly accurate fit-testing methods. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, NIOSH,Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Campbell, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, NIOSH,Div Resp Dis Studies, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Coffey, Christopher/I-2471-2012 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHAJ JI AIHAJ PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 62 IS 1 BP 36 EP 44 DI 10.1080/15298660108984607 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 404DU UT WOS:000167082800005 PM 11258866 ER PT J AU Tucker, SP AF Tucker, SP TI Determination of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in air in a pickle and pepper processing plant SO AIHAJ LA English DT Article DE air analysis; capsaicin; capsaicinoids; capsicum fruit; dihydrocapsaicin; capsaicin : dihydrocapsaicin ratio ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATION AB A sampling and analytical method has been developed for measurement of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in air. This method is applicable to measurement of the capsaicinoids in air in pepper processing plants and involves air sampling with a 13-mm glass fiber filter, recovery of the sample with 2 mL of acetonitrile, filtration of the solution, and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Excitation and emission wavelengths of the detector were 281 and 312 nm, respectively. Average recoveries were 98 to 104% after fortification of glass fiber filters with 0.13- to 2.9-mug quantities of capsaicin. Average recoveries of dihydrocapsaicin were 93 to 99% after fortification of glass fiber filters with 0.11- to 3.0-mug quantities. Detection limits of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were 0.015 and 0.02 mug per sample, respectively. This method was used successfully for determining air concentrations of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in a health hazard evaluation at a large pickle and pepper processing plant. An interesting phenomenon was the fact that the ratio of capsaicin to dihydrocapsaicin in each of the largest air samples was in the range of 0.3:1 to 0.5:1. Generally, capsaicin is the capsaicinoid that occurs in Capsicum fruit in the greatest relative abundance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv,NIOSH,Div Appl Res & Technol, Chem Exposure & Monitoring Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Tucker, SP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv,NIOSH,Div Appl Res & Technol, Chem Exposure & Monitoring Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHAJ JI AIHAJ PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 62 IS 1 BP 45 EP 48 DI 10.1080/15298660108984608 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 404DU UT WOS:000167082800006 PM 11261419 ER PT J AU Vine, MF Stein, L Weigle, K Schroeder, J Degnan, D Tse, CKJ Backer, L AF Vine, MF Stein, L Weigle, K Schroeder, J Degnan, D Tse, CKJ Backer, L TI Plasma 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) levels and immune response SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DDE; DDT; DNA; immunity; micronuclei; pesticides ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; AGRICULTURAL-WORKERS; CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS; HEALTH SURVEILLANCE; GENERAL-POPULATION; PESTICIDES; SPRAYERS; SPECIMENS AB For determination of whether plasma 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethyl (DDE) pesticide levels (less than or equal to1-32 ppb) are associated with immune suppression or DNA damage in lymphocytes, 302 individuals residing in Moore County, North Carolina, in 1994-1996 provided a blood specimen, underwent a skin test, and answered a questionnaire concerning factors affecting plasma organochlorine pesticide levels and the immune system. The blood specimens were analyzed for levels of plasma DDE (a metabolite of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p- chlorophenyl)ethane), numbers and types of blood cells, immunoglobulin levels, mitogen-induced lymphoproliferative activity, and lymphocyte micronuclei. When DDE levels were categorized as 1 or less, more than 1 to 2, more than 2 to 4.3, more than 4.3 to 7.6, and more than 7.6 ppb, individuals with higher plasma DDE levels had lowered mitogen-induced lymphoproliferative activity (concanavalin A, range: 74,218 dropping to 55,880 counts per minute, p = 0.03) and modestly increased total lymphocytes (range: 2.0-2.3 x 10(3)/mul, p = 0.05) and immunoglobulin A levels (range: 210-252 mg/dl, p = 0.04). There were no consistent differences in response to the skin tests by plasma DDE levels. Plasma DDE levels were not associated with a higher frequency of micronuclei. The authors conclude that relatively low levels of plasma DDE are associated with statistically significant changes in immune markers, although the magnitude of the effects are of uncertain clinical importance. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vine, MF (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Box 2949,Hanes House, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM vine0002@mc.duke.edu NR 57 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 153 IS 1 BP 53 EP 63 DI 10.1093/aje/153.1.53 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 388MX UT WOS:000166185800009 PM 11159147 ER PT J AU Frumkin, H Letz, R Williams, PL Gerr, F Pierce, M Sanders, A Elon, L Manning, CC Woods, JS Hertzberg, VS Mueller, P Taylor, BB AF Frumkin, H Letz, R Williams, PL Gerr, F Pierce, M Sanders, A Elon, L Manning, CC Woods, JS Hertzberg, VS Mueller, P Taylor, BB TI Health effects of long-term mercury exposure among chloralkali plant workers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE mercury; chloralkali; occupational diseases; environmental diseases; neurotoxicity; renal toxicity ID URINARY PORPHYRIN PROFILES; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; INORGANIC MERCURY; PSYCHOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE; METALLIC MERCURY; ALANINE AMINOPEPTIDASE; SUBJECTIVE SYMPTOMS; EVALUATION SYSTEM; METHYL MERCURY AB Background Inorganic mercury is toxic to the nervous system, kidneys, and reproductive system. We studied the health effects of mercury exposure among former employees of a chloralkali plans that operated from 1955 to 1994 in Georgia. Methods Former plant workers and unexposed workers from nearby employers were studied. Exposure was assessed with a job-exposure matrix based on historical measurements and personnel records. Health outcomes were assessed with interviews physical examinations, neurological and neurobehavioral testing, renal function testing, and urinary porphyrin measurements. Exposure-disease associations were assessed with multivariate modeling. Results Exposed workers reported more symptoms, and tended toward more physical examination abnormalities, than unexposed workers. Exposed workers performed worse than unexposed subjects on some quantitative tests of vibration sense, motor speed and coordination, and tremor, and on one test of cognitive function. Few findings remained significant when exposure was modeled as a continuous variable. Neither renal function nor porphyrin excretion was associated with mercury exposure. Conclusions Mercury-exposed chloralkali plant workers reported more symptoms than unexposed controls, but no strong associations were demonstrated with neurological or renal function or with porphyrin excretion. Am. J. Ind. Med. 39:1-18, 2001. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Glynn Cty Hlth Dept, Brunswick, GA USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Coastal Hlth Dist, Brunswick, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Frumkin, H (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01ES08346] NR 78 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 39 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 389LQ UT WOS:000166239700001 PM 11148011 ER PT J AU Mercy, JA Hammond, WR AF Mercy, JA Hammond, WR TI Learning to do violence prevention well SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mercy, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Mailstop K60,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1 SU S BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00267-1 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 392PK UT WOS:000166419700001 PM 11146254 ER PT J AU Dahlberg, LL Potter, LB AF Dahlberg, LL Potter, LB TI Youth violence - Developmental pathways and prevention challenges SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE adolescence; aggression; behavior; child development; crime; homicide; primary prevention; risk factors; violence ID SERIOUS JUVENILE-OFFENDERS; NURSE HOME VISITATION; 15-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; ANTISOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; CHILD-ABUSE; LIFE-COURSE; DELINQUENT-BEHAVIOR; ECONOMIC HARDSHIP; CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR; RANDOMIZED TRIAL AB Youth violence is an important public health problem. During the latter half of the 1980s and early 1990s, the United States witnessed unprecedented levels of violence among the nation's youths. Homicide remains one of the leading causes of death for young people aged 10 to 24 years. This paper reviews the major trends in homicide victimization and perpetration among youths during the past decade, the developmental pathways of delinquent and violent behavior and the context in which these behaviors occur, and some of the challenges associated with disrupting these pathways and preventing violence. Previous research reveals that multiple pathways lead toward violence and delinquency. Predicting which pathway a youth will follow, or if one will be followed at all, depends to some extent on a host of other biological, psychosocial, and environmental factors present as young people transition from early childhood to adolescence to early adulthood. Preventing violence requires a comprehensive approach that takes into account developmental needs, tasks, and supports. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, NCIPC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dahlberg, LL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, NCIPC, Mailstop K60,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 97 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1 SU S BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00268-3 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 392PK UT WOS:000166419700002 PM 11146255 ER PT J AU Hall, HI McDavid, K Jorgensen, CM Kraft, JM AF Hall, HI McDavid, K Jorgensen, CM Kraft, JM TI Factors associated with sunburn in white children aged 6 months to 11 years SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE carcinoma, basal cell; carcinoma, squamous cell; melanoma; skin neoplasms; sunburn; sunscreening agents ID NONMELANOCYTIC SKIN-CANCER; SUN PROTECTION BEHAVIORS; SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; SUNLIGHT EXPOSURE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BASAL-CELL; MELANOMA; RISK; PREVENTION; CHILDHOOD AB Objective: To determine the sunburn experience and factors associated with sunburn among white children aged 6 months to 11 years. Methods: Telephone interviews were conducted with parents and primary caretakers of children, selected by random, stratified sampling, in the contiguous United States in the summer of 1998. Information was gathered on demographic characteristics of parents and children, and children's sunburn experience during the past year, protection from sun exposure, and hours per week spent outdoors. The proportion of children experiencing sunburn in the past year was calculated. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine factors associated with sunburn. Information for 1052 white children was available for the analyses. Results: An estimated 42.6% of U.S. white children experienced one or more sunburns within the past year (95% CI 38.2-47.0). Sunburn was less common among children who ever wore hats (adjusted OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.40-0.87) and more common among children who did not always wear sunscreen (OR for using sunscreen sometimes compared with always, 2.25; 95% CI 1.31-3.86). Sunburn was also more common among children with sun-sensitive skin and older children. Conclusions: A large proportion of U.S. white children experience sunburns. Parents and children may benefit from education about protection from sun exposure. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, DCPC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hall, HI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, DCPC, Mailstop K 53,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 31 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00265-8 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 391LD UT WOS:000166356700002 PM 11137768 ER PT J AU Ikeda, RM Simon, TR Swahn, M AF Ikeda, RM Simon, TR Swahn, M TI The prevention of youth violence - The rationale for and characteristics of four evaluation projects SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE aggression; primary prevention; violence; youth ID PEER PLAY SCALE; CONDUCT PROBLEMS; CHILDREN; HOME AB In response to the magnitude of violence in the United States, a number of violence-prevention programs have been implemented throughout the country. However, relatively few have been rigorously evaluated for effectiveness. To encourage development and evaluation of violence-prevention interventions that focus on young children and their families, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provided funding to four projects in 1996. This paper briefly describes the rationale for funding these projects, which is based on our understanding of the development of aggressive and violent behavior and on the literature regarding promising approaches to prevent problem behavior in this age group. We provide an overview of the four specific projects funded by the CDC as well as a short discussion of some of the many challenges encountered during their implementation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ikeda, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highwy,MS K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Swahn, Monica/A-7545-2009 OI Swahn, Monica/0000-0002-6663-3885 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1 SU S BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00269-5 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 392PK UT WOS:000166419700003 PM 11146256 ER PT J AU Dumas, JE Lynch, AM Laughlin, JE Smith, EP Prinz, RJ AF Dumas, JE Lynch, AM Laughlin, JE Smith, EP Prinz, RJ TI Promoting intervention fidelity - Conceptual issues, methods, and preliminary results from the EARLY ALLIANCE prevention trial SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE clinical trials; conduct disorder; guideline adherence; information services; primary prevention; substance abuse ID CHRONIC JUVENILE-OFFENDERS; PROGRAM-EVALUATION; INTEGRITY; PSYCHOTHERAPY; COMPETENCE; AGGRESSION; VARIABLES; VIOLENT; THERAPY; MODEL AB Fidelity refers to the demonstration that an experimental manipulation is conducted as planned. In outcome research, an intervention call be said to satisfy fidelity requirements if it can be shown that each of its components is delivered in a comparable manner to all participants and is true to the theory and goals underlying the research. Demonstrating the fidelity of an intervention is a key methodologic requirement of any sound prevention trial. This paper summarizes key conceptual and methodologic issues associated with intervention fidelity, and describes the steps taken to promote fidelity in EARLY ALLIANCE, a large-scale prevention trial currently testing the effectiveness of family, peer, and school interventions to promote competence and reduce risk for conduct disorder, substance abuse, and school failure. The paper presents preliminary results (Trial Year 1) that demonstrate content and process fidelity for two of these interventions, and discusses how the EARLY ALLIANCE methodology may be generalized to address fidelity issues in ether prevention studies. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Psychol, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dumas, JE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH/DA54171] NR 31 TC 118 Z9 120 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1 SU S BP 38 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00272-5 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 392PK UT WOS:000166419700006 PM 11146259 ER PT J AU Kellerman, SE Herold, J AF Kellerman, SE Herold, J TI Physician response to surveys - A review of the literature SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE data collection; methods; physicians; questionnaires; review literature ID MAIL SURVEYS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; FAMILY PHYSICIANS; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; FOLLOW-UP; RATES; PROFESSIONALS; QUESTIONNAIRE; ATTITUDES; INCENTIVES AB Objective: Physician-specific surveys are a frequently used tool in health services research, but attempts at ensuring adequate response rates are rarely reported. We reviewed literature of survey methodology specific to physician surveys and report those found to be most effective. Data Sources: Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE and PSYCHInfo from 1967 through February 1999. We included all English-language studies that randomized physician survey respondents to an experimental or control group. The authors independently extracted data from 24 studies examining survey methodology of physician-specific surveys. We included Mantel-Haenszel chi-squares comparing treatment groups, if present. If not, these were calculated from study data. Results: Pre-notification of survey recipients, personalizing the survey mailout package, and nonmonetary incentives were not associated with increased response rates. Monetary incentives, the use of stamps on both outgoing and return envelopes, and short questionnaires did increase response rates. Few differences were reported in response rates of phone surveys compared with mail surveys and between the demographics and practice characteristics of early survey respondents and late respondents. Conclusions: We report some simple approaches that may significantly increase response rates of mail surveys. Surprisingly, the response rates of mail surveys of physicians compared favorably with those from telephone and personal interview surveys. Nonresponse bias may be of less concern in physician surveys than in surveys of the general public. Future research steps include specifically testing the more compelling results to allow for better control of confounders. (C) 2001 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS, Epidemiol Program Off,Div Training, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Div Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Kellerman, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS, Epidemiol Program Off,Div Training, Mailstop E-47,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 48 TC 469 Z9 473 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00258-0 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 391LD UT WOS:000166356700010 PM 11137777 ER PT J AU Des Jarlais, DC Schuchat, A AF Des Jarlais, DC Schuchat, A TI Hepatitis C among drug users: Deja vu all over again? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 Beth Israel Med Ctr, Inst Chem Dependency, New York, NY 10003 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Des Jarlais, DC (reprint author), Beth Israel Med Ctr, Inst Chem Dependency, 1st Ave 16th St, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 9 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 2001 VL 91 IS 1 BP 21 EP 22 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 387GP UT WOS:000166115100006 PM 11189818 ER PT J AU Diaz, T Des Jarlais, DC Vlahov, D Perlis, TE Edwards, V Friedman, SR Rockwell, R Hoover, D Williams, IT Monterroso, ER AF Diaz, T Des Jarlais, DC Vlahov, D Perlis, TE Edwards, V Friedman, SR Rockwell, R Hoover, D Williams, IT Monterroso, ER TI Factors associated with prevalent hepatitis C: Differences among young adult injection drug users in lower and upper Manhattan, New York City SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INFECTION; HIV-INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY; SEROPREVALENCE; TRANSMISSION; BEHAVIORS; NETWORKS; BERLIN AB Objectives. This study examined correlates of prevalent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among young adult injection drug users in 2 neighborhoods in New York City. Methods. Injection drug users aged 18 to 29 years were street recruited from the Lower East Side and Harlem. Participants were interviewed about drug use and sex practices; venipuncture was performed for hepatitis B virus (HBV), HCV, and HIV serologies. Results. In both sites, testing positive for HCV antibody (anti-HCV) was associated with having injected for more than 3 years. Additionally, HCV infection was positively associated with injecting with someone known to have had hepatitis (but the association was significant only in the Lower East Side) and with sharing cotton (but the association was statistically significant only in Harlem). Being in drug treatment and older than 24 years were associated with HCV in the Lower East Side but not in Harlem. Receiving money for sex was associated with anti-HCV positivity in Harlem but not in the Lower East Side. Conclusions. Several differences in factors associated with prevalent HCV infection existed among 2 populations of young injection drug users from the same city. Indirect transmission of HCV may occur. C1 New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Atlanta, GA USA. Beth Israel Med Ctr, Inst Chem Dependency, New York, NY 10003 USA. Natl Dev & Res Inst Inc, New York, NY USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Stat, Piscataway, NJ USA. Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Aging Hlth & Hlth Care Policy, Piscataway, NJ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV & AIDS, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vlahov, D (reprint author), New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, 1216 5th Ave, New York, NY 10029 USA. NR 30 TC 134 Z9 136 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 2001 VL 91 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 387GP UT WOS:000166115100007 PM 11189819 ER PT J AU Buffington, J Rowel, R Hinman, JM Sharp, K Choi, S AF Buffington, J Rowel, R Hinman, JM Sharp, K Choi, S TI Lack of awareness of hepatitis C risk among persons who received blood transfusions before 1990 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Westat, Rockville, MD USA. RP Buffington, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Mailstop G-37,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 2001 VL 91 IS 1 BP 47 EP 48 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 387GP UT WOS:000166115100012 PM 11189824 ER PT J AU Tierney, EF Geiss, LS Engelgau, MM Thompson, TJ Schaubert, D Shireley, LA Vukelic, PJ McDonough, SL AF Tierney, EF Geiss, LS Engelgau, MM Thompson, TJ Schaubert, D Shireley, LA Vukelic, PJ McDonough, SL TI Population-based estimates of mortality associated with diabetes: Use of a death certificate check box in North Dakota SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; ASYMPTOMATIC HYPERGLYCEMIA; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; GLUCOSE-INTOLERANCE; SEX-DIFFERENCES; ALL-CAUSE; MELLITUS; MEN; IMPACT AB Objectives. Overall and cause-specific mortality among persons with diabetes in Noah Dakota was estimated and compared with estimates from previous population-based studies. Methods. Data were derived from North Dakota death certificate data, which included unique information on decedents' diabetes status and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System estimates of the diabetic and nondiabetic adult populations of North Dakota. Results. The risk of death among adults with diabetes was 2.6 (2.2, 2.9) times that of adults without diabetes. Relative risks of death among adults with diabetes were at least twice as high for heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, accidents and adverse events, and kidney disease and 70% to 80% higher for pneumonia and influenza, malignant neoplasms, arterial disease, and other causes. Risks remained substantial in the oldest age group. These findings are comparable to results of other population-based studies. Conclusions. Diabetes status information enhanced the usefulness of death certificate data in examining mortality associated with diabetes and confirms that the effect of diabetes on death is substantial. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Medctr 1 Hlth Syst, Bismarck, ND USA. Dept Hlth, Bismarck, ND USA. RP Tierney, EF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 buford Hwy NE,MS K-68, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 58 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 2001 VL 91 IS 1 BP 84 EP 92 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 387GP UT WOS:000166115100018 PM 11189830 ER PT J AU Pappas, G Akhtar, T Gergen, PJ Hadden, WC Khan, AQ AF Pappas, G Akhtar, T Gergen, PJ Hadden, WC Khan, AQ TI Health status of the Pakistani population: A health profile and comparison with the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PROSPECTS; TETANUS AB Objectives. The health status of the Pakistani population was compared with that of the US population to provide a better understanding of the health problems in a developing nation and shed light on the dynamics of selected diseases. Methods. Results from the National Health Survey of Pakistan (n=18315) and the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n=31311) were compared. Standardized and comparable methods were used in both surveys. Results. indicators of undernutrition among children were high throughout Pakistan. Among adults, there were urban-rural differences acid economic gradients in indicators of undernutrition and risk factors for heart disease and cancer. In comparison with the US Population, the Pakistani population has a higher rate of undernutrition, a lower rate of high cholesterol, and an approximately equal rate of high blood pressure. Conclusions. There are major inequalities in health within Pakistan and between Pakistan and the United States. Standardized national health examination survey methodology can be used to monitor health status and plan health transition policy in developing countries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Off Assistant Secretary Hlth, Washington, DC USA. Khyber Med Coll, Peshawar, Pakistan. Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. MRC, Islamabad, Pakistan. RP Hadden, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 1100, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 43 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 2001 VL 91 IS 1 BP 93 EP 98 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 387GP UT WOS:000166115100019 PM 11189831 ER PT J AU Jernigan, DB Kargacin, L Poole, A Kobayashi, J AF Jernigan, DB Kargacin, L Poole, A Kobayashi, J TI Sentinel surveillance as an alternative approach for monitoring antibiotic-resistant invasive pneumococcal disease in Washington state SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; WORKING GROUP AB Objectives. As an alternative to statewide, mandated surveillance for antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, a sentinel surveillance network of 27 hospitals was developed in Washington State. Methods. The utility of targeted surveillance in population centers was assessed, current laboratory susceptibility testing practices were evaluated, and a baseline of pneumococcal resistance in Washington State was obtained for use in a statewide campaign promoting the judicious use of antibiotics. Results. Between July 1997 and June 1998, 300 cases were reported; 67 (22%) had diminished susceptibility to penicillin Only 191 (64%) were fully tested with penicillin and an extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) as nationally recommended; 10.5% were resistant to penicillin and 6.8% were resistant to an ESC. The number of isolates inadequately tested declined through the year. The findings were similar to those from more comprehensive active surveillance in Oregon for the same time period. Conclusions. Targeted surveillance may be an adequate alternative for limited monitoring of antibiotic resistance for states that choose not to mandate reporting. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Surveillance, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Off Communicable Dis, Seattle, WA USA. RP Jernigan, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Surveillance, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D59, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 2001 VL 91 IS 1 BP 142 EP 145 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 387GP UT WOS:000166115100030 PM 11189811 ER PT J AU McElroy, PD Ter Kuile, FO Hightower, AW Hawley, WA Phillips-Howard, PA Oloo, AJ Lal, AA Nahlen, BL AF McElroy, PD Ter Kuile, FO Hightower, AW Hawley, WA Phillips-Howard, PA Oloo, AJ Lal, AA Nahlen, BL TI All-cause mortality among young children in western Kenya. VI: The Asembo Bay Cohort Project SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; RURAL MALAWI; DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY; LONGITUDINAL COHORT; HIV-1 INFECTION; BIRTH-WEIGHT; AREA; MORBIDITY; INFANT AB Although all-cause mortality has been used as an indicator of the health status of childhood populations, such data are sparse for most rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa, particularly community-based estimates of infant mortality rates. The longitudinal follow-up of more than 1,500 children enrolled at birth into the Asembo Bay Cohort Project (ABCP) in western Kenya between 1992 and 1996 has provided a fixed birth cohort for estimating all-cause mortality over the first 5 yr of life. We surveyed mothers and guardians of cohort children in early 1999 to determine survival status. A total of 1,260 households were surveyed to determine the survival status of 1,556 live births (99.2% of original cohort, n = 1,570). Most mothers (66%) still resided but 27.5% had migrated, and 5.5% had died. In early 1999, the overall cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality for the entire 1992-1996 birth cohort was 26.5% (95%) confidence interval, 24.1-28.9%). Neonatal and infant mortality were 32 and 176 per 1,000 live births, respectively. These community-based estimates of mortality in the ABCP area are substantially higher than for Kenya overall (nationally, infant mortality is 75 per 1,000 live births). The results provide a baseline description of all-cause mortality among children in an area with intense Plasmodium falciparum transmission and will be useful in future efforts to monitor changes in death rates attributable to control programs for specific diseases (e.g., malaria and HIV/AIDS) in Africa. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Kenya Med Res Inst, Vector Biol & Control Res Ctr, CDC, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Lal, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Altaf Lab, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 44 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 64 IS 1-2 BP 18 EP 27 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 443WC UT WOS:000169364300007 PM 11425174 ER PT J AU Steketee, RW Nahlen, BL Parise, ME Menendez, C AF Steketee, RW Nahlen, BL Parise, ME Menendez, C TI The burden of malaria in pregnancy in malaria-endemic areas SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; INTERMITTENT SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM INFECTION; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; WEST-AFRICAN VILLAGE; RURAL MALAWI; PLACENTAL MALARIA AB Pregnant women in malarious areas may experience a variety of adverse consequences from malaria infection including maternal anemia, placental accumulation of parasites, low birth weight (LBW) from prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), fetal parasite exposure and congenital infection, and infant mortality (IM) linked to preterm-LBW and IUGR-LBW. We reviewed studies between 1985 and 2000 and summarized the malaria population attributable risk (PAR) that accounts for both the prevalence of the risk factors in the population and the magnitude of the associated risk for anemia, LBW, and IM. Consequences from anemia and human immunodeficiency virus infection in these studies were also considered. Population attributable risks were substantial: malaria was associated with anemia (PAR range = 3-15%, LEW (8-14%), preterm-LBW (8-36%), IUGR-LBW (13-70%), and IM (3-8%). Human immunodeficiency virus was associated with anemia (PAR range = 12-14%), LEW (11-38%), and direct transmission in 20-40% of newborns, with direct mortality consequences. Maternal anemia was associated with LEW (PAR range = 7-18%). and fetal anemia was associated with increased IM (PAR not available). We estimate that each year 75,000 to 200,000 infant deaths are associated with malaria infection in pregnancy. The failure to apply known effective antimalarial interventions through antenatal programs continues to contribute substantially to infant deaths globally. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Manhica Hlth Res Ctr, Manhica, Mozambique. Hosp Clin Barcelona, Epidemiol & Biostat Unit, Barcelona, Spain. RP Steketee, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Mailstop F-22,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 68 TC 506 Z9 513 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 64 IS 1-2 BP 28 EP 35 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 443WC UT WOS:000169364300008 PM 11425175 ER PT J AU Stoll, C Rosano, A Botto, LD Erickson, D Khoury, MJ Olney, RS Castilla, EE Cocchi, G Cornel, MC Goujard, J Bermejo, E Merlob, P Mutchinick, O Ritvanen, A Zampino, G Mastroiacovo, P AF Stoll, C Rosano, A Botto, LD Erickson, D Khoury, MJ Olney, RS Castilla, EE Cocchi, G Cornel, MC Goujard, J Bermejo, E Merlob, P Mutchinick, O Ritvanen, A Zampino, G Mastroiacovo, P TI On the symmetry of limb deficiencies among children with multiple congenital anomalies SO ANNALES DE GENETIQUE LA English DT Article DE asymmetry; congenital anomalies; laterality; limb reduction deficiencies; limb deficiencies; congenital malformations of limbs; multiply malformed; situs inversus; symmetry ID HOLT-ORAM SYNDROME; SITUS ABNORMALITIES; MALFORMATIONS; LATERALITY; ASYMMETRY; GENE; DEFECTS; POPULATION; MUTATIONS; SPECTRUM AB In humans, unpaired organs are placed in a highly ordered pattern along the left-right axis. As indicated by animal studies, a cascade of signaling molecules establish left-right asymmetry in the developing embryo. Some of the same genes are involved also in limb patterning. To provide a better insight into the connection between these processes in humans, we analysed the symmetry of limb deficiencies among infants with multiple congenital anomalies. The study was based on data collected by the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Monitoring Systems (ICBDMS). Registries of the ICBDMS provided information on infants who, in addition to a limb deficiency, also had at least one major congenital anomaly in other organ systems. We reviewed 815 such cases of which 149 cases (18.3 %) were syndromic and 666 (81.7 %) were nonsyndromic. The comparisons were made within the associated limb deficiencies, considering the information on symmetry, using a comparison group with malformations associated not involved in the index association. Among the non-syndromic cases, the left-right distribution of limb deficiencies did not differ appreciably between limb deficiency subtypes (e.g., preaxial, transverse, longitudinal). The left-right distribution of limb anomalies did not differ among most types of non-limb anomalies, though a predominance of left-sided limb deficiencies was observed in the presence of severe genital defects - odds ratio [OR], 2.6; 95 % CI, 1.1-6.4). Limb deficiencies (LDs) were more often unilateral than bilateral when accompanied by gastroschisis (OR, 0.1) or axial skeletal defects (OR, 0.5). On the contrary, LDs were more often bilateral than unilateral when associated with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (OR, 3.9) or micrognathia (OR, 2.6). Specifically, we found an association between bilateral preaxial deficiencies and cleft lip, bilateral amelia with gastroschisis and urinary tract anomalies, and bilateral transverse deficiencies and gastroschisis and axial skeleton defects. Of 149 syndromic cases, 62 (41.6 %) were diagnosed as trisomy 18. Out of the 30 cases of trisomy 18 with known laterality, 20 cases were bilateral. In the remainder the right and left sides were equally affected. Also, in most cases (74.4 %) only the upper limbs were involved. In conclusion the left-right distribution of limb deficiencies among some non-limb anomalies may suggest a relationship between the development of the limb and the left-right axis of the embryo. (C) 2001 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. C1 Hop Hautepierre, Serv Genet Med, F-67085 Strasbourg, France. Int Ctr Birth Defects, I-00195 Rome, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Pediat Genet, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FIOCRUZ, ECLAMC, BR-20010970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Bologna, Ist Clin Pediat Prevent & Neonatol, I-40138 Bologna, Italy. Univ Groningen, Dept Med Genet, NL-9713 Groningen, Netherlands. INSERM, U149, France Paris Birth Defects Monitoring Program, F-75014 Paris, France. Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Med, ECEMC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Rabin Med Ctr, Dept Neonatol, IL-49100 Petah Tiqva, Israel. Natl Res & Dev Ctr Welf & Hlth Stakes, Registry Congenital Malformat, Helsinki 00531, Finland. IPIMC, I-00168 Rome, Italy. Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Inst Pediat, Birth Defects Unit, I-00168 Rome, Italy. Inst Nacl Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Dept Genet, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. RP Stoll, C (reprint author), Hop Hautepierre, Serv Genet Med, F-67085 Strasbourg, France. RI Rosano, Aldo/G-6525-2012; BERMEJO-SANCHEZ, EVA/E-8703-2012; OI BERMEJO-SANCHEZ, EVA/0000-0001-7282-2714; rosano, Aldo/0000-0002-5453-2294 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0003-3995 J9 ANN GENET-PARIS JI Ann. Genet. PD JAN-MAR PY 2001 VL 44 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1016/S0003-3995(01)01036-X PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 431JT UT WOS:000168628600005 PM 11334613 ER PT J AU Doody, MM Hayes, HM Bilgrad, R AF Doody, MM Hayes, HM Bilgrad, R TI Comparability of National Death Index Plus and standard procedures for determining causes of death in epidemiologic studies SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cause of death; death certificates; epidemiologic methods ID MORTALITY AB PURPOSE: To determine whether causes of death obtained through National Death Index (NDI) Plus are comparable to those obtained by requesting death certificates from start Vital statistics offices and having deaths coded by contractor nosologists. METHODS: The authors compared underlying cause of death codes obtained from NDI Plus with those assigned by contractor nosologists for a sample of 250 known decedents. RESULTS: The underlying cause of death codes differed for 18 (7%) of 249 successful matches. Independent coding by an expert National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) nosologist trainer revealed that seven of these had an NDI Plus code that matched the code provided by the NCHS nosologist and a contractor nosologist code that did not match the NCHS nosologist code, seven had a contractor nosologist code that matched the NCHS nosologist code and an NDI Plus code that did not match the NCHS nosologist code, and four had both an NDI Plus and a contractor nosologist: code that did not match the NCHS nosologist code. The level of disagreement with the NCHS nosologist and the organ systems involved mere similar fur NDI Plus and the contractor nosologist. CONCLUSIONS: The authors report that NDI Plus provides comparable information within a substantially shorter time period for most states and, for known decedents, at about half the cost of standard procedures. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science me. All rights reserved. C1 NCI, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Doody, MM (reprint author), NCI, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Execut Plaza S,Room 7088, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CP-33013] NR 7 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 11 IS 1 BP 46 EP 50 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(00)00177-0 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 386QU UT WOS:000166073700007 PM 11164119 ER PT J AU Serdula, MK Alexander, MP Scanlon, KS Bowman, BA AF Serdula, MK Alexander, MP Scanlon, KS Bowman, BA TI What are preschool children eating? A review of dietary assessment SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE validity; reproducibility; reliability; child; diet assessment; nutrient intake; food intake ID FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; TOTAL-ENERGY EXPENDITURE; LABELED WATER METHOD; 24-HOUR RECALL; YOUNG-CHILDREN; VALIDATION; VALIDITY; POPULATION; ACCURACY; HISTORY AB Accurate assessment of dietary intake among preschool-aged children is important for clinical care and research, for nutrition monitoring and evaluating nutrition interventions, and for epidemdologic research. We identified 25 studies published between January 1976 and August 2000 that evaluated the validity of food recalls (n = 12). food frequency questionnaires (n = 9), food records (n = 2), or other methods (n = 2). We identified four studies that evaluated the reproducibility of food frequency questionnaires. Validity studies varied in validation standard and study design, making comparisons between studies difficult. In general, food frequency questionnaires overestimated total energy intake and were better at ranking, than quantifying, nutrient intake. Compared with the validation standard, food recalls both overestimated and underestimated energy intake. When choosing a method to estimate diet, both purpose of the assessment and practicality of the method must be considered, in addition to the validity and reproducibility reported in the scientific literature. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Serdula, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 39 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 11 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0199-9885 J9 ANNU REV NUTR JI Annu. Rev. Nutr. PY 2001 VL 21 BP 475 EP 498 DI 10.1146/annurev.nutr.21.1.475 PG 24 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 463CN UT WOS:000170459400020 PM 11375446 ER PT J AU Dietz, WH Gortmaker, SL AF Dietz, WH Gortmaker, SL TI Preventing obesity in children and adolescents SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review DE overweight; prevention; family; schools ID SCHOOL-BASED INTERVENTION; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; FOLLOW-UP; CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BIRTH-WEIGHT; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH; ADULT HYPERTENSION; DIABETES-MELLITUS; PUBLIC-HEALTH AB In this review, we address the natural history of obesity in children, the most promising family- and school-based approaches to the prevention of obesity, and the barriers and opportunities associated with secondary prevention. In childhood, the most important periods of risk appear to be the periods of adiposity rebound and adolescence. Caution regarding the period of adiposity rebound is still warranted, because it is not yet clear that early rebound is attributable to changes in body fat. Families and schools represent the most important foci for preventive efforts in children and adolescents. One productive approach is to proceed from an examination of factors that affect energy balance to the identification of more proximal influences on those factors. This approach may help to narrow the strategies necessary to prevent or treat childhood obesity. For example, television viewing affects both energy intake and energy expenditure, and therefore represents a logical target for interventions. Anticipatory guidance by pediatricians may offer an effective mechanism by which to change parental attitudes and practices regarding television viewing. A similar process is used to emphasize the potential influence of school-based interventions directed at changes in food choices and sedentary behavior. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth & Social Behav, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Dietz, WH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Hyw NE,Mailstop K-24, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 83 TC 300 Z9 306 U1 8 U2 50 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-7525 J9 ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH JI Annu. Rev. Public Health PY 2001 VL 22 BP 337 EP 353 DI 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.22.1.337 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 431TZ UT WOS:000168649000020 PM 11274525 ER PT S AU Schantz, PM AF Schantz, PM BE SoulsbySwaffham, P Wilber, R TI Origins and nature of antimicrobial resistance: parasites SO ANTIMICROBIA L RESISTANCE SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS AND SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Antimicrobial Resistance CY MAY 04-05, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Royal Soc Med, Royal Soc Med Fdn, Tufs Univ Sch Med ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; DRUG-RESISTANCE; MALARIA; CHLOROQUINE; METRONIDAZOLE; SENSITIVITY; MEFLOQUINE; EFFICACY; AFRICA; WORLD C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1M 8AE, ENGLAND SN 0142-2367 BN 1-85315-479-2 J9 ROY SOC MED INT CONG PY 2001 VL 247 BP 79 EP 88 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC General & Internal Medicine; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BR98H UT WOS:000168275800013 ER PT S AU Besser, RE AF Besser, RE BE SoulsbySwaffham, P Wilber, R TI How to alter prescription patterns SO ANTIMICROBIA L RESISTANCE SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS AND SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Antimicrobial Resistance CY MAY 04-05, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Royal Soc Med, Royal Soc Med Fdn, Tufs Univ Sch Med ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ANTIBIOTIC USE; WORKING GROUP; RESISTANCE; PNEUMOCOCCI; PHYSICIANS; PARENTS; IMPACT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1M 8AE, ENGLAND SN 0142-2367 BN 1-85315-479-2 J9 ROY SOC MED INT CONG PY 2001 VL 247 BP 151 EP 157 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC General & Internal Medicine; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BR98H UT WOS:000168275800023 ER PT J AU Leitch, GJ Scanlon, M Shaw, A Visvesvara, GS AF Leitch, GJ Scanlon, M Shaw, A Visvesvara, GS TI Role of P glycoprotein in the course and treatment of Encephalitozoon microsporidiosis SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; PLEIOTROPIC DRUG; CANCER-CELLS; GENE; HELLEM; VINBLASTINE; PARASITES; INFECTION AB Encephalitozoon microsporidia are obligate intracellular protozoan parasites that proliferate and differentiate within a parasitophorous vacuole inside host cells that are usually epithelial in nature. Isolates of the three species of the Encephalitozoon microsporidia, E. cuniculi, E. hellem, and E. intestinalis, were obtained from AIDS patients and cultured in green monkey (E6) kidney cells, Anti-P-glycoprotein (anti-Pgp) and anti-multidrug resistance-associated protein (anti-MRP) monoclonal antibodies were used to probe for multidrug resistance (MDR) pump epitopes and verapamil- or cyclosporin A- and probenecid-modulated intracellular calcein fluorescence were used to assess the expression of Pgp and MRP respectively in uninfected and infected cells, Pgp, but not MRP, was detected immunocytochemically and by verapamil- and cyclosporin A-potentiated intracellular fluorescence in both host cells and parasite developing stages. When an in vitro infection assay was employed, verapamil and cyclosporin A acted as chemosensitizing agents for the antiparasitic drug albendazole. These observations suggest that inhibiting host cell and perhaps parasite MDR pumps may increase the efficacy of antiparasitic agents in these and other microsporidia species. C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Leitch, GJ (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Physiol, 720 Westview Dr, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03034, G12 RR003034] NR 36 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 45 IS 1 BP 73 EP 78 DI 10.1128/AAC.45.1.73-78.2001 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 384NV UT WOS:000165952500011 PM 11120947 ER PT J AU Brock, JW Silva, MJ Malek, NA Hodge, CC Blount, BC AF Brock, JW Silva, MJ Malek, NA Hodge, CC Blount, BC TI A new method to measure phthalate exposure in humans SO APMIS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Brock, JW (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 47 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0903-4641 J9 APMIS JI APMIS PY 2001 VL 109 SU 103 BP S330 EP S331 PG 2 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Pathology SC Immunology; Microbiology; Pathology GA 456UW UT WOS:000170101500067 ER PT J AU Grandjean, P Guillette, L Matthiessen, P Part, P Bourguignon, P Bro-Rasmussen, F Russo, J Jegou, B Skakkebaek, N Brock, J Joffe, M Bustos-Obregon, E Olea, N Soto, A Thonneau, P Boersma, R Swan, S Bonefeld-Jorgensen, E Huff, J Kogevinas, M AF Grandjean, P Guillette, L Matthiessen, P Part, P Bourguignon, P Bro-Rasmussen, F Russo, J Jegou, B Skakkebaek, N Brock, J Joffe, M Bustos-Obregon, E Olea, N Soto, A Thonneau, P Boersma, R Swan, S Bonefeld-Jorgensen, E Huff, J Kogevinas, M TI General discussion: Effects of hormone disrupters in man and wildlife SO APMIS LA English DT Editorial Material ID PESTICIDES C1 Commiss European Communities, Ispra, Italy. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Olea, Nicolas/H-3198-2014; Bro, Rasmus/A-7898-2008; Bonefeld-Jorgensen, Eva Cecilie/A-1682-2015; Jegou, Bernard/I-4742-2015; Kogevinas, Manolis/C-3918-2017 OI Olea, Nicolas/0000-0002-8938-3743; Bro, Rasmus/0000-0002-7641-4854; NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0903-4641 J9 APMIS JI APMIS PY 2001 VL 109 SU 103 BP S254 EP S260 PG 7 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Pathology SC Immunology; Microbiology; Pathology GA 456UW UT WOS:000170101500053 ER PT J AU Mannino, DM Moorman, JE Kingsley, B Rose, D Repace, J AF Mannino, DM Moorman, JE Kingsley, B Rose, D Repace, J TI Health effects related to environmental tobacco smoke exposure in children in the United States - Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PARENTAL SMOKING; PASSIVE SMOKING; COTININE; PARTICULATE; POLLUTION; WORKPLACE; CHILDHOOD; ASTHMA AB Objective: To determine the effects of prenatal. and postnatal smoke exposure on the respiratory health of children in the United States. Design: Nationally representative cross-sectional survey, including questionnaire information, measurements of serum cotinine (a metabolite of nicotine), and pulmonary function measurement, of 5400 US children. Setting and Participants: Children aged 4 to 16 years in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, October 25, 1988, to October 15, 1994. Methods: We stratified the study participants into tertiles, on the basis of serum cotinine levels, and used logistic and linear regression modeling, adjusting for known covariates, to determine the effect of high environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure (on the basis of a high cotinine level) on outcomes such as the prevalence of current asthma, the prevalence of frequent wheezing, school absence, and lung function. For children aged 4 to 11 years, we also determined the effect of prenatal maternal smoking on these outcomes. Results: We observed effects of ETS exposure in all age groups, although the effects varied between age groups. Among all children significant effects associated with high cotinine levels were for wheezing apart from cold in the past year (odds ratio [OR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-2.8); 6 or more days of school absence in the past year (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4-2.8); and lung function decrements in the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (mean change, -1.8%; 95% CI, -3.2% to -0.4%) and the maximal midexpiratory flow (mean change, -5.9%; 95% CI, -8.1% to -3.4%). Although current and ever asthma were not significantly associated with high cotinine levels in the overall group (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.8-2.7, and OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.8-2.2, respectively), they were increased significantly among 4- to 6-year-old children (OR, 5.3; 95% CI, 2.2-12.7, and OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1-5.1, respectively). Conclusions: We investigated recent ETS exposures as important predictors of respiratory health outcomes in children 4 years and older. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure affects children of all ages, although the exact effects may vary between age groups. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epidemiol Branch, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Vital & Hlth Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Washington, DC USA. Repace Associates, Bowie, MD USA. RP Mannino, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 22 TC 124 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 155 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 389RU UT WOS:000166252200007 PM 11177060 ER PT J AU Murphy, FA Calisher, CH Mahy, BWJ Arstila, P AF Murphy, FA Calisher, CH Mahy, BWJ Arstila, P TI In memoriam - Pekka Eljas Halonen (1927-2001) SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Turku, Dept Virol, Turku, Finland. RP Murphy, FA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 2001 VL 146 IS 5 BP 1047 EP 1050 DI 10.1007/s007050170135 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 438PY UT WOS:000169063300016 PM 11448024 ER PT J AU Guenthner, PC Hershow, RC Lal, RB Dezzutti, CS AF Guenthner, PC Hershow, RC Lal, RB Dezzutti, CS TI Effects of human T-lymphotropic virus type II on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 phenotypic evolution SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; HIV-1 DISEASE PROGRESSION; HTLV-II; CELLULAR TROPISM; INFECTION; COINFECTION; INDIVIDUALS; CELLS; SEROPREVALENCE; REPLICATION AB Phenotypic change and broader coreceptor usage by HIV-I1have been associated with disease progression. HIV-1 coreceptor usage by primary isolates obtained from HIV-1-infected and HIV-1/HTLV-II-coinfected individuals was determined. HIV-1 was isolated from 15 of 20 HIV-1-infected and 17 of 24 HIV-1/HTLVII-coinfected individuals. None of the isolates from either the HIV-1-infected or the coinfected group infected CCR5 Delta 32 PBMCs, suggesting that they all were R5-tropic. Further, both spontaneous and PHA-stimulated production of MIP-1 beta and RANTES were similar in HIV 1-infected and coinfected individuals. These data indicate that coinfection with HTLV II has no effect on HIV-1 coreceptor usage or ex vivo beta -chemokine production. C1 CDCP, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. RP Guenthner, PC (reprint author), CDCP, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, 1600 Clifton Rd Mailstop G19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 2001 VL 146 IS 8 BP 1617 EP 1622 DI 10.1007/s007050170083 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 470RM UT WOS:000170885000014 PM 11676422 ER PT J AU Schuffenecker, I Ando, T Thouvenot, D Lina, B Aymard, M AF Schuffenecker, I Ando, T Thouvenot, D Lina, B Aymard, M TI Genetic classification of "Sapporo-like viruses" SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; HUMAN CALICIVIRUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ENTERIC CALICIVIRUS; SEQUENCE DIVERSITY; GASTROENTERITIS; GENOME; EPIDEMIOLOGY; 5'-TERMINUS AB "Sapporo-like viruses" (SLVs) and "Norwalk-like viruses"' (NLVs) are an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans. While NLVs have been genetically classified into three major genetic groups consisting of 17 genetic subgroups, a classification of SLVs into comparable genetic groups remains to be determined. In an attempt to classify both SLVs and NLVs uniformly, the sequences of 2 SLV strains newly detected from French infants were analysed together with the published sequences of 9 SLV and 19 NLV strains. Distance and phylogenetic analyses were conducted on the sequences of the capsid gene, RNA polymerase gene, 3' open reading frame (3'ORF), ORF overlapping the capsid gene, and 3' untranslated region (3'UTR). The histogram showing frequency distribution of pairwise distances and the topology of the phylogenetic tree demonstrated that SLVs and NLVs could be classified uniformly on the basis of the entire capsid sequences and that the I I SLV strains could be genetically classified into 3 major genetic groups, genogroups I, II and III, comprised of 5 genetic subgroups. The differentiation of the I I SLV strains into these genetic groups was also maintained in the 4 remaining genome regions, while the sequences at the junction between the RNA polymerase and capsid genes were shown to be genogroup-specific. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Lyon 1, Ctr Natl Reference Enterovirus, Virol Lab, F-69365 Lyon, France. RP Ando, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop GO4, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 43 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 2001 VL 146 IS 11 BP 2115 EP 2132 DI 10.1007/s007050170024 PG 18 WC Virology SC Virology GA 495JC UT WOS:000172336200005 PM 11765915 ER PT J AU Waters, TR MacDonald, LA AF Waters, TR MacDonald, LA TI Ergonomic job design to accommodate and prevent musculoskeletal disabilities SO ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2000 RESNA Research Symposium CY JUL 28, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA DE musculoskeletal disorders; ergonomic interventions; obesity; aging; job accommodation; diversity ID MANUAL HANDLING TASKS; UNITED-STATES AB Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) account for a major portion of the cost of work-related injury and illness in the United States. Many of these injuries and illnesses lead to temporary or permanent disability. It is generally accepted that the incidence of MSDs increases when the demands of the job exceed the capabilities of the worker. As the workforce ages and physical capabilities decline, it is anticipated that many more Americans will request disability-related leave resulting from musculoskeletal disorders because they are unable to meet the demands of the job. To prevent these disabilities and to accommodate a wider range of people in the workforce, physical job demands may have to be reduced so that a larger portion of the population will be capable of working. Providing engineering controls or alternative work arrangements allows for accommodation of workers with a wide range of capabilities and can assist in rehabilitation and early return to work following injury. C1 NIOSH, Human Factors & Ergon Res Sect, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Waters, TR (reprint author), NIOSH, Human Factors & Ergon Res Sect, 4676 Columbia Pkwy MS C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI MacDonald, Leslie/D-2201-2014 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU R E S N A PRESS PI ARLINGTON PA 1700 MOORE ST, STE 1540, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-1903 USA SN 1040-0435 J9 ASSIST TECHNOL JI Assist. Technol. PY 2001 VL 13 IS 2 BP 88 EP 93 PG 6 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 628QY UT WOS:000180008900004 PM 12530836 ER PT J AU Curran, K AF Curran, K TI NATA partners with SAFE KIDS SO ATHLETIC THERAPY TODAY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NATA Res & Educ Fdn, Board Directors, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Curran, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NATA Res & Educ Fdn, Board Directors, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1078-7895 J9 ATHLET THER TODAY JI Athlet. Ther. Today PD JAN PY 2001 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 482AT UT WOS:000171553200001 ER PT J AU Pickering, LK AF Pickering, LK TI Biotherapeutic agents and disease in infants SO BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS OF HUMAN MILK SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOTTLE-FED INFANTS; CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE COLITIS; HUMAN LACTOBACILLUS STRAIN; GG PROMOTES RECOVERY; SACCHAROMYCES-BOULARDII; INTESTINAL MICROFLORA; CONTROLLED TRIAL; ACUTE DIARRHEA; FECAL FLORA; LACTIC-ACID AB Human milk contains many factors that act synergistically or with redundancy in protecting suckling infants from infectious diseases. The rigorous application of the scientific method has shown significant beneficial effects of these specific factors. The beneficial effects of biotherapeutic agents, including prebiotics and probiotics, on the alteration of intestinal microflora and modulation of the local and systemic immune response of infants have been shown. The beneficial effects of these compounds on preventing diarrhea and possibly other infectious diseases in infants serves as a model for the development and use of biotherapeutic agents to treat and prevent infectious diseases in persons of all ages. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pickering, LK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [NIH-NICHHD-13021] NR 56 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2001 VL 501 BP 365 EP 373 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA BU23V UT WOS:000175455800040 PM 11787704 ER PT J AU Dykewicz, CA AF Dykewicz, CA TI Guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: Focus on community respiratory virus infections SO BIOLOGY OF BLOOD AND MARROW TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Tandem Bone Marrow Transplant Meeting CY FEB, 2001 CL KEYSTONE, COLORADO DE hematopoietic stem cell transplant; community respiratory virus; opportunistic infection ID SYNCYTIAL VIRUS AB Guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, cosponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, were issued in October 2000. The guidelines recommend that to minimize transmission of community respiratory virus (CRV) infection, health care workers and visitors with symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection be restricted from having contact with HSCT recipients and candidates undergoing conditioning therapy. To screen HSCT recipients for CRVs, active clinical surveillance for CRV disease should be conducted on all hospitalized HSCT recipients and candidates undergoing conditioning therapy, including daily monitoring for signs and symptoms of CRV infections. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important CRV because it is the most prevalent and because RSV pneumonia has a high case-fatality rate. For this reason, it is recommended that respiratory secretions of any hospitalized HSCT candidate or recipient with signs and symptoms of CRV infection be tested promptly for RSV If test results are positive; the patient should be treated early and aggressively. Early preemptive therapy with such treatments as aerosolized ribavirin has been proposed, but limited data preclude a recommendation as to the optimal strategy. Lifelong seasonal influenza vaccination is recommended for all HSCT recipients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dykewicz, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E64, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU CARDEN JENNINGS PUBL CO LTD PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA BLAKE CTR, STE 200, 1224 W MAIN ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA SN 1083-8791 J9 BIOL BLOOD MARROW TR JI Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. PY 2001 VL 7 SU S BP 19S EP 22S DI 10.1053/bbmt.2001.v7.pm11777100 PG 4 WC Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation SC Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation GA 507RP UT WOS:000173041700007 PM 11777100 ER PT J AU Richardson, LC Schulman, J Sever, LE Lee, NC Coates, RJ AF Richardson, LC Schulman, J Sever, LE Lee, NC Coates, RJ TI Early-stage breast cancer treatment among medically underserved women diagnosed in a national screening program, 1992-1995 SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE breast cancer treatment; cancer registries; poor; record linkages; screening program; uninsured; underinsured ID COMPARING TOTAL MASTECTOMY; CONSERVING SURGERY; RADIATION-THERAPY; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; OLDER WOMEN; WHITE WOMEN; SURVIVAL; CARE; TRIAL; UNDERUTILIZATION AB Background. Little research has been conducted on the breast cancer treatment of low income, underserved women. This study was designed to describe initial treatment of breast cancer among low-income women diagnosed through federally funded screening programs in Detroit, Michigan, and the states of New Mexico and California; and to compare the treatment received by program women with early-stage breast cancer with that of all women diagnosed in those regions. Methods. Data from the three screening programs were linked with cancer registry data from the corresponding geographic areas. All women diagnosed between 1992 and 1995 through the state-based screening programs and all women contemporaneously diagnosed with breast cancer in the three regions were studied. Descriptive analyses were done of the proportion of women with breast cancer receiving treatment; the proportion of early-stage breast cancer (stage I or II) cases treated with breast-conserving surgery, and the proportion treated with mastectomy; and among women with breast-conserving surgery, the proportion receiving radiation therapy. Logistic regression models controlled for age and stage at diagnosis, race or ethnicity and geographic region. Results. Less than 2% of program women diagnosed with breast cancer received no treatment. More than two of five women with early-stage breast cancer underwent breast-conserving surgery, with 72% of these women receiving radiation therapy. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that women with stage IIA or IIB breast cancer had lower odds of undergoing breast-conserving surgery than women with stage I (0.51 [95% CI = 0.30-0.87] and 0.36 [95% CI = 0.19-0.70], respectively). Women over age 65 and those with incompletely staged cancer had the lowest odds for receiving radiation therapy after breast-conserving surgery (0.29 [95% CI = 0.09-0.99] and 0.14 [95% CI = 0.03-0.72], respectively). Women diagnosed through the screening programs had odds of undergoing breast-conserving surgery similar to those of all women in the regions (1.11 [95% CI = 0.89-1.39]). Conclusions. Treatment patterns for women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer through three state-based screening programs appear to have been similar to those reported in the literature. In addition, their treatment appears to have been similar to that of other women during the same time period. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Richardson, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E64, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 63 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2001 VL 69 IS 2 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1023/A:1012252607421 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 486DC UT WOS:000171802300004 PM 11759819 ER PT J AU Roberts, L Chartier, Y Chartier, O Malenga, G Toole, M Rodka, H AF Roberts, L Chartier, Y Chartier, O Malenga, G Toole, M Rodka, H TI Keeping clean water clean in a Malawi refugee camp: a randomized intervention trial SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE water pollution/analysis; drinking water/microbiology; water quality; diarrhea/etiology; households; refugees; randomized controlled trials; regression analysis; Mozambique (source MeSH) ID DIARRHEAL DISEASE; DRINKING-WATER; STORAGE; CONTAMINATION; TRANSMISSION; CHLORINATION; SANITATION; COMMUNITY; STRATEGY AB Objective This study was undertaken to assess the ability of a water container with a cover and a spout to prevent household contamination of water in a Malawian refugee camp. Methods A randomized trial was conducted in a refugee population that had experienced repeated outbreaks of cholera and diarrhoea and where contamination of water in the home was found to be a significant cause of cholera. Four hundred Mozambican refugee households were systematically identified and followed over a 4-month period, one fourth of the households were randomly assigned to exclusively use the improved container for water collection. Findings Water flowing from the source wells had little or no microbial contamination although the water collectors quickly contaminated their water, primarily through contact with their hands. Analysis of water samples demonstrated that there was a 69% reduction in the geometric mean of faecal coliform levels in household water and 31% less diarrhoeal disease (P = 0.06) in children under 5 years of age among the group using the improved bucket. Regression models examining diarrhoea among under 5-year-olds confirmed the protective effect of the bucket and found that visible faeces in the family latrine and the presence of animals were significantly associated with an increased diarrhoeal incidence in children. Conclusion Household contamination of drinking-water significantly contributed to diarrhoea in this population. Proper chlorination is a less expensive and more effective means of water quality protection in comparison with the improved bucket, but was unpopular and rarely utilized by the camp inhabitants. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Hlth Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Medecins Sans Frontieres, Paris, France. Off UN High Commissioner Refugees, Blantyre, Malawi. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Stat & Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Roberts, L (reprint author), Int Rescue Comm, 122 E 42nd St, New York, NY 10168 USA. NR 23 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 8 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2001 VL 79 IS 4 BP 280 EP 287 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 421WQ UT WOS:000168086900002 PM 11357205 ER PT J AU Balluz, L Moll, D Martinez, MGD Colindres, JEM Malilay, J AF Balluz, L Moll, D Martinez, MGD Colindres, JEM Malilay, J TI Environmental pesticide exposure in Honduras following hurricane Mitch SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE insecticides; drinking water/chemistry; water pollutants; chemical; natural disasters; environmental monitoring; households; cross-sectional studies; Honduras (source : MeSH) ID REFERENCE RANGE CONCENTRATIONS; POPULATION AB Objective To investigate whether environmental contamination occurred in the wake of hurricane Mitch (30-31 October 1998), we conducted a population-based cross-sectional household survey in the barrio of istoca, Department of Choluteca, Honduras. The goals were to evaluate chemical contamination of potable water and the extent of human exposure to chemicals as a result of extensive flooding. Methods The survey consisted of an environmental exposure assessment, which included assaying water and soil samples for contaminants, and taking blood and urine samples from 45 adolescents aged 15-18 years. We also made a subjective questionnaire assessment of 155 households. Findings There was significant contamination of the soil in Istoca, but no water contamination in the aftermath of hurricane Mitch, The soil levels of chlopyrifos and parathion were 30- and 1000-limes higher, respectively, than the Environmental Data Quality Level. However, the most striking finding was the detection of elevated levels of chlorinated and organophosphate pesticides in adolescents. Toxicological analyses of serum specimens showed that 51% of the samples had elevated levels of 1,1 -dichioro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,pDDE) (range, 1.16-96.9 ng/ml) (US reference mean = 3.5 ng/ml) in adults). Dieldrin levels > 0.2 ng/ml were also present in 23% of the serum specimens (serum levels of this analyte in US adolescents are <0.2 ng/ml), Of 43 urine samples analysed for organophosphate metabolites, 18.6% contained diethyl phosphate (DEP) at levels which were greater that the reference mean of 6.45 g/g creatinine. We also detected elevated levels of p-nitrophenol (p-NP) and of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinal (3,5,6-TCPY) in 91% and 42% of the samples, respectively. Conclusions The elevated levels of chlorinated pesticides were surprising, since although these substances were banned in Honduras 15 years ago it appears that they are still being used in the country. Moreover, elevated levels of organophosphates were detected in the study adolescents even three weeks after the hurricane. Since these chemicals are usually cleared from the body quickly, our data suggest that the adolescents face an ongoing threat from pesticide exposure. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Secretaria Salud, Dept Estadist, Tegucigalpa, DC, Honduras. Ctr Estudios & Control Contaminantes, Tegucigalpa, DC, Honduras. RP Balluz, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2001 VL 79 IS 4 BP 288 EP 295 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 421WQ UT WOS:000168086900003 PM 11357206 ER PT J AU Zuber, PLF Conombo, KSG Traore, AD Millogo, JD Ouattara, A Ouedraogo, IB Valian, A AF Zuber, PLF Conombo, KSG Traore, AD Millogo, JD Ouattara, A Ouedraogo, IB Valian, A TI Mass measles vaccination in urban Burkina Faso, 1998 SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE measles/prevention and control; measles vaccine/administration and dosage; immunization programs; cluster analysis; Burkina Faso (source : MeSH) ID IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE; CAMPAIGN AB Objective To assess the impact of the National Immunization Days (NIDs) on measles vaccine coverage in Burkina Faso in 1998. Methods During the week after the campaign, in which measles vaccine was offered to children aged 9-59 months in six cities regardless of vaccination history, a cluster survey was conducted in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso, the country's two largest cities. Interviewers visited the parents of 1267 children aged up to 59 months and examined vaccination cards. We analysed the data using cluster sample methodology for the 1041 children who were aged 9-59 months. Findings A total of 604 (57%) children had received routine measles vaccination prior to the campaign, and 823 (79%) were vaccinated during the NIDs. Among those who had previously had a routine vaccination, 484 (81%) were revaccinated during the NIDs. Among those not previously vaccinated, 339 (78%) received one dose during the NIDs. After the campaign, 943 (91%) children had received at least one dose of measles vaccine. Better socioeconomic status was associated with a higher chance of having been vaccinated routinely, but it was not associated with NID coverage. Conclusion The mass campaign enabled a substantial increase in measles vaccine coverage to be made because it reached a high proportion of children who were difficult to reach through routine methods. C1 WHO, Representat Off, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Reg Hlth Directorate Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Reg Hlth Directorate Bobo Dioulasso, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. RP Zuber, PLF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd MS-E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2001 VL 79 IS 4 BP 296 EP 300 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 421WQ UT WOS:000168086900004 PM 11357207 ER PT J AU Hamel, MJ Odhacha, A Roberts, JM Deming, MS AF Hamel, MJ Odhacha, A Roberts, JM Deming, MS TI Malaria control in Bungoma District, Kenya: a survey of home treatment of children with fever, bednet use and attendance at antenatal clinics SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE malaria/prevention and control/drug therapy; antimalarials/administration and dosage; chloroquine/administration and dosage; bedding and linens/utilization; prenatal care; fever/drug therapy; home nursing; child; households; sampling studies; cluster analysis; Kenya ID RURAL AREA; WESTERN KENYA; BIRTH-WEIGHT; MORTALITY; MORBIDITY; MALAWI; GAMBIA; AFRICA; IMPACT; TRIAL AB Objective To lay the basis for planning an improved malaria control programme in Bungoma District, Kenya. Methods By means of a cluster sample household survey an investigation was conducted into the home management of febrile children, the use of bednets, and attendance at antenatal clinics, Findings Female caters provided information on 314 recently febrile children under 5 years of age, of whom 43% received care at a health facility, 47% received an antimalarial drug at home, and 25% received neither. Of the antimalarial treatments given at home, 91% were started by the second day of fever and 92% were with chloroquine, the nationally recommended antimalarial at the time. The recommended dosage of chloroquine to be administered over three days was 25 mg/kg but the median chloroquine tablet or syrup dosage given over the first three days of treatment was 15 mg/kg. The total dosages ranged from 2.5 mg/kg to 82 mg/kg, administered over one to five days. The dosages were lower when syrup was administered than when tablets were used. Only 5% of children under 5 years of age slept under a bednet. No bednets had been treated with insecticide since purchase. At least two antenatal visits were made by 91% of pregnant women. Conclusions Carers are major and prompt providers of antimalarial treatment. Home treatment practices should be strengthened and endorsed when prompt treatment at a health facility is impossible. The administration of incorrect dosages, which proved common with chloroquine, may occur less frequently with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, as its dosage regimen is simpler. High levels of utilization of antenatal clinics afford the opportunity to achieve good coverage with presumptive intermittent malaria treatments during pregnancy, and to reach the goal of widespread bednet use by pregnant women and children by distributing nets during antenatal clinic visits. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div Parasit Dis, Int Child Survival & Emerging Infect Program Supp, Publ Hlth Serv,US State Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Finland Primary Hlth Care Programme, Kakaamega, Kenya. RP Hamel, MJ (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div Parasit Dis, Int Child Survival & Emerging Infect Program Supp, Publ Hlth Serv,US State Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 25 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2001 VL 79 IS 11 BP 1014 EP 1023 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 495BE UT WOS:000172319700003 PM 11731808 ER PT J AU Factor, SH Schillinger, JA Kalter, HD Saha, S Begum, H Hossain, A Hossain, M Dewitt, V Hanif, M Khan, N Perkins, B Black, RE Schwartz, B AF Factor, SH Schillinger, JA Kalter, HD Saha, S Begum, H Hossain, A Hossain, M Dewitt, V Hanif, M Khan, N Perkins, B Black, RE Schwartz, B TI Diagnosis and management of febrile children using the WHO/UNICEF guidelines for IMCI in Dhaka, Bangladesh SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE fever/drug therapy; bacterial infections/diagnosis/drug therapy; meningitis, bacterial/diagnosis/drug therapy; pneumonia, bacterial/diagnosis/drug therapy; otitis media/diagnosis/drug therapy; urinary tract infections/diagnosis/drug therapy; bacteremia/diagnosis/drug therapy; dysentery/diagnosis/drug therapy; skin diseases, infectious/diagnosis/drug therapy; malaria/diagnosis; antibiotic prophylaxis/utilization; child/delivery of health care, integrated; guidelines; evaluation studies; Bangladesh ID INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; CHILDHOOD MORTALITY; PNEUMONIA; REDUCTION; ALGORITHM; ILLNESS; MALARIA AB Objective To determine whether the fever module in the WHO/UNICEF guidelines for the integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) identifies children with bacterial infections in an area of low malaria prevalence. Methods Physicians assessed a systematic sample of 669 sick children aged 2-59 months who presented to the outpatient department of Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Bangladesh. Findings Had IMCI guidelines been used to evaluate the children, 78% of those with bacterial infections would have received antibiotics: the majority of children with meningitis (100%), pneumonia (95%), otitis media (95%) and urinary tract infection (83%); and 50% or less of children with bacteraemia (50%), dysentery (48%), and skin infections (30%). The current fever module identified only one additional case of meningitis. Children with bacteraemia were more likely to be febrile, feel hot, and have a history of fever than those with dysentery and skin infections, Fever combined with parental perception of fast breathing provided a more sensitive fever module for the detection of bacteraemia than the current IMCI module. Conclusions In an area of low malaria prevalence, the IMCI guidelines provide antibiotics to the majority of children with bacterial infections, but improvements in the fever module are possible. C1 NCID, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Dhaka Shishu Hosp, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, DBMD, NCID, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Factor, SH (reprint author), New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, 1216 5th Ave, New York, NY 10029 USA. OI Black, Robert/0000-0001-9926-7984 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2001 VL 79 IS 12 BP 1096 EP 1105 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 509ZU UT WOS:000173184900004 PM 11799441 ER PT J AU Quinn, TC Mann, JM Curran, JW Piot, P AF Quinn, TC Mann, JM Curran, JW Piot, P TI AIDS in Africa: An epidemiologic paradigm SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Review ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; VIRUS TYPE-III; T-LYMPHOTROPIC RETROVIRUS; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; LYMPHADENOPATHY-ASSOCIATED VIRUS; ENDEMIC KAPOSIS SARCOMA; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; HTLV-III; NATURAL-HISTORY; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS AB Cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been reported in countries throughout the world. Initial surveillance studies in Central Africa suggest an annual incidence of AIDS of 550 to 1000 cases per million adults. The male to female ratio of cases is 1:1, with age- and sex-specific rates greater in females less than 30 years of age and greater in males over age 40. Clinically, AIDS in Africans is often characterized by a diarrhea-wasting syndrome, opportunistic infections, such as tuberculosis, cryptococcosis, and cryptosporidiosis, or disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma. From 1 to 18% of healthy blood donors and pregnant women and as many as 27 to 88% of female prostitutes have antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The present annual incidence of infection is approximately 0.75% among the general population of Central and East Africa. The disease is transmitted predominately by heterosexual activity, parenteral exposure to blood transfusions and unsterilized needles, and perinatally from infected mothers to their newborns, and will continue to spread rapidly where economic and cultural factors favor these modes of transmission. Prevention and control of HIV infection through educational programs and blood bank screening should be an immediate public health priority for all African countries. C1 NIAID, Immunoregulat Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. WHO, Control Program AIDS, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control, Ctr Infect Dis, AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Trop Med, Dept Microbiol, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Quinn, TC (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Blalock 111,600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 163 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2001 VL 79 IS 12 BP 1159 EP 1167 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 509ZU UT WOS:000173184900016 PM 11799437 ER PT J AU Leighton, FA Artsob, HA Chu, MC Olson, JG AF Leighton, FA Artsob, HA Chu, MC Olson, JG TI A serological survey of rural dogs and cats on the southwestern Canadian prairie for zoonotic pathogens SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE LA English DT Article ID HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; DOMESTIC ANIMALS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ANTIGEN; PLAGUE AB A survey for antibodies against agents of plague, tularemia, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), and against Sin Nombre hantavirus (SNV), Bartonella henselae and B. clarridgeiae was conducted in the summer of 1995 using serum from rural dogs and cats living in the vicinity of four public parks in southeastern Alberta:a and southwestern Saskatchewan. Antibodies to all pathogens were detected in all survey areas. Overall prevalence rates were 0.075 for Yersinia pestis, 0.083 for Francisella tularensis, 0.025 for Rickettsia rickettsii (dogs only), and 0.029, 0.178 and 0.186 for SNV, B, henselae and B. clarridgeiae, respectively (cats only). This serological survey of rural dogs and cats was more sensitive and efficient than previous surveys based on collection and culture of rodents and ectoparasites. All six pathogens appear endemic to the region. Surveillance for plague, tularemia, RMSF and SNV, and management of associated public risks should be done in endemic regions. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Vet Pathol, Western Coll Vet Med, Canadian Cooperat Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. Canadian Sci Ctr Human & Anim Hlth, Zoonot Dis & Level 4 Program, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Leighton, FA (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Vet Pathol, Western Coll Vet Med, Canadian Cooperat Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 8 PU CANADIAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 1565 CARLING AVE, SUITE 400, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 8R1, CANADA SN 0008-4263 J9 CAN J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Can. J. Public Health-Rev. Can. Sante Publ. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 92 IS 1 BP 67 EP 71 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 410NF UT WOS:000167445500016 PM 11257996 ER PT J AU Ashford, AR Albert, SM Hoke, G Cushman, LF Miller, DS Bassett, M AF Ashford, AR Albert, SM Hoke, G Cushman, LF Miller, DS Bassett, M TI Prostate carcinoma knowledge, attitudes, and screening behavior among African-American men in Central Harlem, New York City SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE prostate carcinoma; screening; African Americans; prostate specific antigen (PSA); health behaviors ID ASSOCIATION SYMPTOM INDEX; DETROIT METROPOLITAN-AREA; WHITE MEN; CANCER; BLACK; ANTIGEN; STAGE AB BACKGROUND. Although the benefits of prostate carcinoma screening in reducing mortality rates have not been proven or shown to be cost-effective, screening, particularly using prostate specific antigen (PSA) tests, is widespread. A better understanding of screening behavior, knowledge of prostate carcinoma risk, and attitudes toward screening among men at high risk, such as African-American men, would be valuable. METHODS. A prevalence survey was conducted using 2 samples of African-American men, aged 50-74 years: a clinic sample drawn from all clinics in Central Harlem (n = 404) and a random-digit dial sample from the same geographic region (n = 319). The prevalence of self-reported PSA screening was estimated using a cognitive survey methodology based on the internal consistency of answers to four different questions. Prevalence estimates were adjusted to take into account the high proportion of nontelephone residences. RESULTS. The clinic sample, representing a poorer, more ill population (as determined by MOS Physical Function Scores) was less likely to report PSA screening than the community sample (11.1% in clinic sample vs 25.5% in community). The prevalence of PSA testing in Central Harlem overall in this age group by using two different techniques was estimated to be 24%. In multiple logistic models, self-reported PSA screening was associated with age, education, favorable attitudes toward screening, and knowing someone who had prostate carcinoma. However, the association between these factors and the likelihood of self-reported PSA screening differed between clinic and community samples. CONCLUSIONS. The prevalence of self-reported PSA screening in Central Harlem was lower than that reported for other populations. These findings may be useful in the design of health education campaigns and for counseling innercity, low-income African-American patients appropriately about the disease. Published 2001 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 Harlem Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Med, New York, NY 10037 USA. Harlem Prevent Ctr, New York, NY USA. Harlem Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Urol, New York, NY 10037 USA. Columbia Presbyterian Med Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Gertrude H Sergievsky Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. RP Ashford, AR (reprint author), Harlem Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Med, 135th & Lenox Ave, New York, NY 10037 USA. OI Albert, Steven/0000-0001-6786-9956 NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 91 IS 1 BP 164 EP 172 DI 10.1002/1097-0142(20010101)91:1<164::AID-CNCR21>3.0.CO;2-A PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 432DD UT WOS:000168675200021 PM 11148573 ER PT J AU Benard, VB Lee, NC Piper, M Richardson, L AF Benard, VB Lee, NC Piper, M Richardson, L TI Race-specific results of Papanicolaou testing and the rate of cervical neoplasia in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program, 1991-1998 (United States) SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; cervical neoplasia; ethnic groups; mass screening; racial groups ID WOMEN AB Objective: To describe differences in cervical screening and biopsy results by race or ethnicity from women in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP). Methods: We examined the percentage of abnormalities detected by Papanicolaou (Pap) tests and the rate of biopsy-diagnosed high-grade precancerous or cancerous lesions by racial or ethnic group. Results: Almost half the 628,085 women screened were members of racial or ethnic minority groups. American Indian or Alaska Native women were more likely than others to report never having had a prior Pap test. American Indian or Alaska Native women had the highest proportion of abnormal Pap tests for first program screens (4.4%), followed by blacks (3.2%), whites (3.0%), Hispanics (2.7%), and Asians or Pacific Islanders (1.9%). Whites had the highest biopsy detection rate of high-grade lesions for first program screens (9.9 per 1000 Pap tests), followed by Hispanics (7.6), blacks (7.1), American Indians or Alaska Natives (6.7), and Asians or Pacific Islanders (5.4). Conclusions: This program provides important data on the prevalence of cervical neoplasia among diverse populations. Our findings that black women with a high-grade Pap test were less likely to get a work-up are disconcerting and merit further study and ultimate correction. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Benard, VB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-55,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 18 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD JAN PY 2001 VL 12 IS 1 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1023/A:1008959019019 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 393EE UT WOS:000166455600007 PM 11227926 ER PT J AU Fridkin, SK AF Fridkin, SK TI Vancomycin-intermediate and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus: What the infectious disease specialist needs to know SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID REDUCED SUSCEPTIBILITIES; METHICILLIN; HOSPITALS; BACTEREMIA; EMERGENCE; STRAINS; PATIENT AB Ever since the first strain of Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin and teicoplanin was reported from Japan, there has been a lot of confusion regarding the laboratory and clinical approach to patients with infections due to S. aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. To date, 6 clinical infections with vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) have been reported in the United States. Intermediate resistance appears to develop from preexisting strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus in the presence of vancomycin, and all but 1 infection occurred in patients with exposure to dialysis for renal insufficiency. Detection of VISA is difficult in the laboratory, and special inquiries about susceptibility testing methods may be needed. These VISA-infected patients had underlying illnesses, and their infections did not appear to respond well to conventional treatment. Prevention strategies have been outlined. Without continued vigilance in enforcing infection-control measures, improved use of antimicrobials, and coordination of efforts among public health authorities, increasing levels of vancomycin resistance in S. aureus are likely to be encountered. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fridkin, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS A-35,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 179 Z9 203 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 BP 108 EP 115 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 385PF UT WOS:000166012300014 PM 11118389 ER PT J AU Boneva, RS Folks, TM Chapman, LE AF Boneva, RS Folks, TM Chapman, LE TI Infectious disease issues in xenotransplantation SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID PORCINE ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; CROSS-SPECIES TRANSMISSION; AFRICAN-GREEN MONKEYS; CHAIN-REACTION ASSAYS; HUMAN-CELLS; FAMILY PARAMYXOVIRIDAE; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; HYPERACUTE REJECTION; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS AB Xenotransplantation, the transplantation of living organs, tissues, or cells from one species to another, is viewed as a potential solution to the existing shortage of human organs for transplantation. While whole-organ xenotransplantation is still in the preclinical stage, cellular xenotransplantation and extracorporeal perfusion applications are showing promise in early clinical trials. Advances in immunosuppressive therapy, gene engineering, and cloning of animals bring a broader array of xenotransplantation protocols closer to clinical trials. Despite several potential advantages over allotransplantation, xenotransplantation encompasses a number of problems. Immunologic rejection remains the primary hindrance. The potential to introduce infections across species barriers, another major concern, is the main focus of this review. Nonhuman primates are unlikely to be a main source for xenotransplantation products despite their phylogenetic proximity to humans. Genetically engineered pigs, bred under special conditions, are currently envisaged as the major sour ce. Thus far, there has been no evidence for human infections caused by pig xenotransplantation products. However, the existence of xenotropic endogenous retroviruses and the clinical evidence of long-lasting porcine cell microchimerism indicate the potential for xenogeneic infections. Thus, further trials should continue under regulatory oversight, with close clinical and laboratory monitoring for potential xenogeneic infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB LAb REs, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Boneva, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB LAb REs, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop G-19,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 126 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.14.1.1-14.2001 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 392WT UT WOS:000166436100001 PM 11148000 ER PT J AU DeStefano, F Chen, RT AF DeStefano, F Chen, RT TI Autism and measles-mumps-rubella vaccination - Controversy laid to rest? SO CNS DRUGS LA English DT Article ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; VIRUS; DISORDER; CHILDREN; ABSENCE; EVENTS; CAUSAL AB It has been suggested that vaccination, particularly with measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, may be related to the development of autism. The main evidence for a possible association is that the prevalence of autism has been increasing at the same time that infant vaccination coverage has increased, and that in some cases there is an apparent temporal association in which autistic characteristics are first noted shortly after vaccination. Although the prevalence of autism and similar disorders appears to have increased recently, it is not clear if this is an actual increase or the result of increased recognition and changes in diagnostic criteria. The apparent onset of autism in close proximity to vaccination may be a coincidental temporal association. The clinical evidence in support of an association derives from a series of 12 patients with inflammatory bowel conditions and regressive developmental disorders, mostly autism. The possibility that measles vaccine may cause autism through a persistent bowel infection has generated much interest, since it provides a possible biological mechanism. Epidemiological studies, however, have not found an association between MMR vaccination and autism. The epidemiological findings are consistent with current understanding of the pathogenesis of autism, which has a strong genetic component and in which the neurological defects probably occur early in embryonic development. It seems unlikely that a vaccination that is given after birth could cause autism. A minority of cases of autism may have onset after I year of age (regressive autism), but the single epidemiological study that included such cases did not find an association with MMR vaccination. Currently, the weight of the available epidemiological and related evidence does not support a causal association between MMR vaccine, or any other vaccine or vaccine constituent, and autism. C1 Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP DeStefano, F (reprint author), Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 23 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 1172-7047 J9 CNS DRUGS JI CNS Drugs PY 2001 VL 15 IS 11 BP 831 EP 837 DI 10.2165/00023210-200115110-00002 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 497UT UT WOS:000172474400002 PM 11700148 ER PT J AU Manatunga, AK Williamson, JM AF Manatunga, AK Williamson, JM TI Assessing familial aggregation with an ordinal response SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-THEORY AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE environmental effect; genetic effect; goodness-of-fit test; latent variable modeling; ordered categorical data. ID TWIN DATA; NHLBI TWIN; MODELS; REGRESSION; DISEASE AB A latent variable model is considered for the analysis of twin data with an ordinal response. The underlying latent multivariate normally distributed variable is expressed in terms of genetic and environmental effects, and the variance components associated with these effects are estimated. We illustrate this approach with analysis of the NHLBI Twin Study. Model assessment is ascertained by proposing a goodness-of-fit test for ordered categorical data. Extensions of this approach for the investigation of how genetic effects vary over time are discussed. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0361-0926 J9 COMMUN STAT-THEOR M JI Commun. Stat.-Theory Methods PY 2001 VL 30 IS 4 BP 627 EP 641 DI 10.1081/STA-100002141 PG 15 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 455RM UT WOS:000170041800005 ER PT J AU Williamson, DF Bowman, B AF Williamson, DF Bowman, B TI Commentary on alternative treatments for weight loss SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID MEDICINE; OBESITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat K68, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Williamson, DF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat K68, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1040-8398 J9 CRIT REV FOOD SCI JI Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. PY 2001 VL 41 IS 1 BP 39 EP 40 DI 10.1080/20014091091706 PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 390KF UT WOS:000166293700005 ER PT J AU Clelland, R Graybill, DC Hubbard, V Khan, LK Stern, JS Wadden, TA Weinsier, R Yanovski, S AF Clelland, R Graybill, DC Hubbard, V Khan, LK Stern, JS Wadden, TA Weinsier, R Yanovski, S TI Commercial weight loss products and programs: What consumers stand to gain and lose - A public conference on the information consumers need to evaluate weight loss products and programs SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION LA English DT Review C1 Fed Trade Commiss, Div Serv Ind Practices, Washington, DC 20580 USA. NIDDKD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Internal Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Clelland, R (reprint author), Fed Trade Commiss, Div Serv Ind Practices, Washington, DC 20580 USA. NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 20 U2 25 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1040-8398 J9 CRIT REV FOOD SCI JI Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. PY 2001 VL 41 IS 1 BP 45 EP 70 PG 26 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 390KF UT WOS:000166293700008 PM 11152047 ER PT J AU Warheit, DB Hart, GA Hesterberg, TW Collins, JJ Dyer, WM Swaen, GMH Castranova, V Soiefer, AI Kennedy, GL AF Warheit, DB Hart, GA Hesterberg, TW Collins, JJ Dyer, WM Swaen, GMH Castranova, V Soiefer, AI Kennedy, GL TI Potential pulmonary effects of man-made organic fiber (MMOF) dusts SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PARA-ARAMID FIBRILS; INTERSTITIAL LUNG-DISEASE; FLOCK WORKERS LUNG; PARANASAL SINUSES; TEXTILE WORKERS; NASAL CANCER; CHRONIC INHALATION; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; LANCASHIRE COTTON; SINONASAL CANCER AB In the first half of the twentieth century epidemiologic evidence linked elevated incidences of pulmonary fibrosis and cancer with inhalation of chrysotile and crocidolite asbestos, a family of naturally occurring inorganic fibrous materials. As the serpentine and amphibole forms of asbestos were phased out, synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs; fiber glass, mineral wool, and refractory fiber) became increasingly utilized, and concerns were raised that they too might cause adverse health effects. Extensive toxicological research on SVFs has demonstrated that their pulmonary effects are directly related to fiber dose in the lung over time. This is the result of deposition (thin fibers deposit in the lower lung more efficiently than thick fibers) and lung-persistence ("biopersistence" is directly related to fiber length and inversely related to dissolution and fragmentation rates). In rat inhalation studies, asbestos was determined to be 7- to 10-fold more biopersistent in the lung than SVFs. Other than its effect on biopersistence, fiber composition did not appear to play a direct role in the biological activity of SVFs. Recently, the utilization of man-made organic fibers (MMOFs) (also referred to by some as synthetic organic fibers) has increased rapidly for a variety of applications. In contrast to SVFs, research on the potential pulmonary effects of MMOFs is relatively limited, because traditionally MMOFs were manufactured in diameters too thick to be respirable (inhalable into the lower lung). However, new developments in the MMOF industry have resulted in the production of increasingly fine-diameter fibers for special applications, and certain post-manufacturing processes (e.g., chopping) generate respirable-sized MMOF dust. Until the mid-1990s, there was no consistent evidence of human health affects attributed to occupational exposure to MMOFs. Very recently, however, a unique form of interstitial lung disease has been reported in nylon flock workers in three different plants, and respirable-sized nylon shreds (including fibers) were identified in workplace air samples. Whether nylon dust or other occupational exposures are responsible for the development of lung disease in these workers remains to be determined. It is also unknown whether the biological mechanisms that determine the respirability and toxicity of SVFs apply to MMOFs. Thus, it is appropriate and timely to review the current data regarding MMOF workplace exposure and pulmonary health effects, including the database on epidemiological, exposure assessment, and toxicology studies. C1 DuPont Haskell Lab, Wilmington, DE 19898 USA. Johns Manville Corp, Denver, CO USA. Solutia Inc, St Louis, MO 63141 USA. Eastman Chem Co, Kingsport, TN 37662 USA. Univ Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Collins, JJ (reprint author), DuPont Haskell Lab, Wilmington, DE 19898 USA. NR 151 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PY 2001 VL 31 IS 6 BP 697 EP 736 DI 10.1080/20014091111965 PG 40 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 498XJ UT WOS:000172538600001 PM 11763480 ER PT J AU Glasgow, RE Hiss, RG Anderson, RM Friedman, NM Hayward, RA Marrero, DG Taylor, CB Vinicor, F AF Glasgow, RE Hiss, RG Anderson, RM Friedman, NM Hayward, RA Marrero, DG Taylor, CB Vinicor, F TI Report or the Health Care Delivery Work Group - Behavioral research related to the establishment of a chronic disease model for diabetes care SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Review ID DOCTOR-PATIENT INTERACTION; MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION; EDUCATION-PROGRAM; MANAGEMENT-SYSTEM; MEDICAL-CARE; FOCUS GROUPS; SELF-CARE; MELLITUS; INTERVENTIONS; ADHERENCE AB As one of four work groups for the November 1999 conference on Behavioral Science Research in Diabetes, sponsored by the National Institute on Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the health care delivery work group evaluated the status of research on quality of care, patient-provider interactions, and health care systems' innovations related to improved diabetes outcomes. In addition, we made recommendations for future research. In this article, which was developed and modified at the November conference by experts in health care delivery, diabetes and behavioral science, we summarize the literature on patient-provider interactions, diabetes care and self-management support among underserved and minority populations, and implementation of chronic care management systems for diabetes. We conclude that, although the quality of care provided to the vast majority of diabetic patients is problematic, this is principally not the fault of either individual patients or health care professionals. Rather, it is a systems issue emanating from the acute illness model of care, which still predominates. Examples of proactive population-based chronic care management programs incorporating behavioral principles are discussed. The article concludes by identifying barriers to the establishment of a chronic care model (e.g., lack of supportive policies, understanding of population-based management, and information systems) and priorities for future research in this area needed to overcome these barriers. C1 AMC Canc Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Vet Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare Syst, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Kaleida Hlth, Buffalo, NY USA. Indiana Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Glasgow, RE (reprint author), 11716 98th Pl SW, Vashon, WA 98070 USA. NR 97 TC 102 Z9 106 U1 5 U2 12 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JAN PY 2001 VL 24 IS 1 BP 124 EP 130 DI 10.2337/diacare.24.1.124 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 386XX UT WOS:000166091600024 PM 11194217 ER PT J AU Chen, KT Chen, CJ Gregg, EW Engelgau, MM Narayan, KMV AF Chen, KT Chen, CJ Gregg, EW Engelgau, MM Narayan, KMV TI Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Taiwan: ethnic variation and risk factors SO DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE type 2 diabetes mellitus; risk factor; genetic factor; environmental factor ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; UNITED-STATES; PIMA-INDIANS; POPULATION; BLACKS; WHITES; DETERMINANTS; ABORIGINES; COMMUNITY; MORTALITY AB The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of diabetes and risk factors for the disease in three ethnic groups in Taiwan; the Hakaas, Fukienese, and aborigines. A cross-sectional study of men and women aged 50-79 years were invited to attend a standardized interview and physical examination. Diabetes mellitus was defined as a fasting plasma glucose (concentration of greater than or equal to 126) or a previous diagnosis of diabetes. Demographic, socioeconomic, and risk factor data were obtained. A total of 1293 persons (468 Hakaas, 440 Fukienese, and 385 aborigines) completed the examination. Hakaas had the highest age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes, 17.9% in men and 15.5% in women, followed by Fukienese; 14.5% in men and 12.8% in women. Aborigines had a prevalence of 10.0% in men and 13.3% in women. Diabetes prevalence was positively associated with family history of diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia. The ethnic variation in diabetes prevalence was reduced after adjustment for age, sex and significant factors. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.27 (0.76-2.12) for Fukienese and 1.44 (0.89-2.33) for Hakaas compared with aborigines. Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem in Taiwan and warrants prevention efforts tailored to the country's different ethnic groups. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Dept Hlth, Ctr Dis Control, Field Epidemiol Training Program, Taipei, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Grad Inst Epidemiol, Taipei, Taiwan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chen, KT (reprint author), Dept Hlth, Ctr Dis Control, Field Epidemiol Training Program, 6-8F Lin Shen S Rd, Taipei, Taiwan. RI Chen, Chien-Jen/C-6976-2008; Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 32 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-8227 J9 DIABETES RES CLIN PR JI Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 51 IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1016/S0168-8227(00)00200-X PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 388VX UT WOS:000166204700008 PM 11137183 ER PT B AU Nash, D Cohen, N Layton, M AF Nash, D Cohen, N Layton, M BE Scheld, WM Craig, WA Hughes, JM TI West Nile virus infection in New York City: the public health perspective SO EMERGING INFECTIONS 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 17-21, 2000 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP NIH ID SOUTHEASTERN ROMANIA; ENCEPHALITIS; OUTBREAK; EUROPE C1 CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nash, D (reprint author), CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 1-55581-216-3 PY 2001 BP 11 EP 28 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BT38Y UT WOS:000172837000002 ER PT B AU Talkington, DE Waites, KB Schwartz, SB Besser, RE AF Talkington, DE Waites, KB Schwartz, SB Besser, RE BE Scheld, WM Craig, WA Hughes, JM TI Emerging from obscurity: Understanding pulmonary and extrapulmonary syndromes, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of human Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections SO EMERGING INFECTIONS 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 17-21, 2000 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP NIH ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; REQUIRING HOSPITALIZATION; PROTEAN MANIFESTATIONS; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; CLINICAL SPECTRUM; BRONCHIAL-ASTHMA; DIRECT INVASION; SYNOVIAL-FLUID; FREQUENT CAUSE C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Talkington, DE (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mail Stop G03,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 211 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 1-55581-216-3 PY 2001 BP 57 EP 84 PG 28 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BT38Y UT WOS:000172837000004 ER PT B AU Gerberding, JL Chambers, HF AF Gerberding, JL Chambers, HF BE Scheld, WM Craig, WA Hughes, JM TI Community-onset oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection SO EMERGING INFECTIONS 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 17-21, 2000 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP NIH ID METHICILLIN RESISTANCE; ENDOCARDITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BACTEREMIA; VANCOMYCIN; OUTBREAK; STRAINS; RISK C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gerberding, JL (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop A07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 1-55581-216-3 PY 2001 BP 85 EP 93 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BT38Y UT WOS:000172837000005 ER PT J AU Li, J Collins, WE Wirtz, RA Rathore, D Lal, A McCutchan, TF AF Li, J Collins, WE Wirtz, RA Rathore, D Lal, A McCutchan, TF TI Geographic subdivision of the range of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN GENE; IDENTIFICATION; BRASILIANUM; FALCIPARUM; INFECTION; EVOLUTION; MOSQUITOS; RNA AB We examined geographically distinct isolates of Plasmodium vivax and categorized them according to developmental success in Anopheles albimanus. We found that parasites from Central America and Colombia form a group distinct from those of Asia. New World isolates have a distinct chromosomal translocation and an episomal variation in the open reading frame (ORF) 470 DNA sequence that distinguishes them from the other isolates tested. Old World types of P. vivax were introduced into the Americas, and a remnant of this lineage remains in P. simium. it is indistinguishable from Old World P. vivax to the extent determinable by using our encoded markers and the examination of its developmental pattern in mosquitoes. The cohesive characteristics that separate types of P. vivax are predictors of range and potential for transmission and hence require taxonomic distinction. C1 NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McCutchan, TF (reprint author), NIAID, NIH, 4 Ctr Dr,Room 4-126, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 22 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 7 IS 1 BP 35 EP 42 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 403EG UT WOS:000167029200005 PM 11266292 ER PT J AU Hussain, AI Shanmugam, V Switzer, WM Tsang, SX Fadly, A Thea, D Helfand, R Bellini, WJ Folks, TM Heneine, W AF Hussain, AI Shanmugam, V Switzer, WM Tsang, SX Fadly, A Thea, D Helfand, R Bellini, WJ Folks, TM Heneine, W TI Lack of evidence of endogenous avian leukosis virus and endogenous avian retrovirus transmission to measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine recipients SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE ACTIVITY; CANCER RISK; SUBGROUP-E; RNA; CELLS; EAV-0 AB The identification of endogenous avian leukosis virus (ALV) and endogenous avian retrovirus (EAV) in chick cell-derived measles and mumps vaccines in current use has raised concern about transmission of these retroviruses to vaccine recipients. We used serologic and molecular methods to analyze specimens from 206 recipients of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine for evidence of infection with ALV and EAV. A Western blot assay for detecting antibodies to endogenous ALV was developed and validated. All serum samples were negative for antibodies to endogenous ALV by Western blot analysis. Peripheral blood lymphocyte samples from 100 vaccinees were further tested by polymerase chain reaction for both ALV and EAV proviral sequences; all were negative. Matching serum samples were tested by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for ALV and EAV RNA, and all 100 samples were negative, providing no evidence of viremia. These findings do not indicate the presence of either ALV or EAV infection in MMR vaccine recipients and provide support for current immunization policies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI USA. Harvard Inst Int Dev, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Heneine, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 7 IS 1 BP 66 EP 72 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 403EG UT WOS:000167029200009 PM 11266296 ER PT J AU Schuchat, A Hilger, T Zell, E Farley, MM Reingold, A Harrison, L Lefkowitz, L Danila, R Stefonek, K Barrett, N Morse, D Pinner, R AF Schuchat, A Hilger, T Zell, E Farley, MM Reingold, A Harrison, L Lefkowitz, L Danila, R Stefonek, K Barrett, N Morse, D Pinner, R CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Active bacterial core surveillance of the emerging infections program network SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID B STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; SPORADIC LISTERIOSIS; SEROTYPE-V; EMERGENCE; DISEASE; VACCINE; SEPSIS; FOODS AB Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) is a collaboration between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and several state health departments and universities participating in the Emerging Infections Program Network. ABCs conducts population-based active surveillance, collects isolates, and performs studies of invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, group A and group B Streptococcus, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae for a population of 17 to 30 million. These pathogens caused an estimated 97,000 invasive cases, resulting in 10,000 deaths in the United States in 1998. Incidence rates of these pathogens are described. During 1998, 25% of invasive pneumococcal infections in ABCs areas were not susceptible to penicillin, and 13.3% were not susceptible to three classes of antibiotics. in 1998, early-onset group B streptococcal disease had declined by 65% over the previous 6 years. More information on ABCs is available at www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/abcs. ABCs specimens will soon be available to researchers through an archive. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Georgia Dept Human Resources,Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta Vet Adm Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. Oregon Dept Human Resources, Portland, OR USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. RP Schuchat, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Mailstop C23,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 42 TC 151 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 7 IS 1 BP 92 EP 99 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 403EG UT WOS:000167029200012 PM 11266299 ER PT J AU Willingham, FF Schmitz, TL Contreras, M Kalangi, SE Vivar, AM Caviedes, L Schiantarelli, E Neumann, PM Bern, C Gilman, RH AF Willingham, FF Schmitz, TL Contreras, M Kalangi, SE Vivar, AM Caviedes, L Schiantarelli, E Neumann, PM Bern, C Gilman, RH CA Working Grp TB Peru TI Hospital control and multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in female patients, Lima, Peru SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; STAFF AB We examined the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB), rate of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB, and characteristics of TB on a female general medicine ward in Peru. Of 250 patients, 40 (16%) were positive by sputum culture and 27 (11%) by smear, and 8 (3%) had MDRTB. Thirteen (33%) of 40 culture-positive patients had not been suspected of having TB on admission. Six (46%) of 13 patients whose TB was unsuspected on admission had MDRTB, compared with 2 (7%) of 27 suspected cases (p=0.009). Five (63%) of 8 MDRTB patients were smear positive and therefore highly infective. In developing countries, hospital control, a simple method of reducing the spread of MDRTB, is neglected. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Proyectos Informat Salud Med & Agr, Lima, Peru. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Arzobispo Loayza Hosp, Lima, Peru. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gilman, RH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. OI Willingham, Field/0000-0002-7071-3001 FU FIC NIH HHS [TW00611]; NIAID NIH HHS [U01-AI35894-03] NR 16 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 7 IS 1 BP 123 EP 127 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 403EG UT WOS:000167029200015 PM 11266302 ER PT J AU Platonov, AE Shipulin, GA Shipulina, OY Tyutyunnik, EN Frolochkina, TI Lanciotti, RS Yazyshina, S Platonova, OV Obukhov, IL Zhukov, AN Vengerov, YY Pokrovskii, VI AF Platonov, AE Shipulin, GA Shipulina, OY Tyutyunnik, EN Frolochkina, TI Lanciotti, RS Yazyshina, S Platonova, OV Obukhov, IL Zhukov, AN Vengerov, YY Pokrovskii, VI TI Outbreak of West Nile virus infection, Volgograd Region, Russia, 1999 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ROMANIA; ENCEPHALITIS; MOSQUITOS; EPIDEMIC; FEVER AB From July 25 to October 1, 1999, 826 patients were admitted to Volgograd Region, Russia, hospitals with acute aseptic meningoencephalitis, meningitis, or fever consistent with arboviral infection. Of 84 cases of meningoencephalitis, 40 were fatal. Fourteen brain specimens were positive in reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays, confirming the presence of West Nile/Kunjin virus. C1 Cent Inst Epidemiol, Moscow 111123, Russia. Moscow State Univ Med & Dent, Moscow, Russia. Minist Publ Hlth, Moscow, Russia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Russian State Inst Control Vet Prod, Moscow, Russia. Ctr Sanitary & Epidem Control Volgograd Reg, Volgograd, Russia. RP Platonov, AE (reprint author), Cent Inst Epidemiol, Novogireevskaya Str 3A, Moscow 111123, Russia. OI Platonov, Alexander/0000-0001-7450-0081; Shipulin, German/0000-0002-3668-6601 NR 12 TC 192 Z9 213 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 7 IS 1 BP 128 EP 132 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 403EG UT WOS:000167029200016 PM 11266303 ER PT J AU Kombarova, S Kim, C Melnikov, V Reeves, M Borisova, O Mazurova, I Popovic, T AF Kombarova, S Kim, C Melnikov, V Reeves, M Borisova, O Mazurova, I Popovic, T TI Rapid identification of Corynebacterium diphtheriae clonal group associated with diphtheria epidemic, Russian Federation SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB We used 199 Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated from 1995 to 1997 in Russia to evaluate the ability of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to identify the unique clonal group that emerged there in 1990. Our data show that RAPD can reliably, reproducibly, and rapidly screen a large number of strains to identify the epidemic clonal group. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Gabrichevsky Inst Epidemiol & Microbiol, Moscow, Russia. RP Popovic, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop G34,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Melnikov, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-0825-7930 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 7 IS 1 BP 133 EP 136 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 403EG UT WOS:000167029200017 PM 11266304 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Limor, J Bern, C Lal, AA AF Xiao, LH Limor, J Bern, C Lal, AA TI Tracking Cryptosporidium parvum by sequence analysis of small double-stranded RNA SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB We sequenced a 173-nucleotide fragment of the small double-stranded viruslike RNA of Cryptosporidium parvum isolates from 23 calves and 38 humans. Sequence diversity was detected at 17 sites. Isolates from the same outbreak had identical double-stranded RNA sequences, suggesting that this technique may be useful for tracking Cryptosporidium infection sources. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mail Stop F12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 11 TC 30 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 7 IS 1 BP 141 EP 145 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 403EG UT WOS:000167029200019 PM 11266306 ER PT J AU Shieh, SJ Jung, SM Hsueh, C Kuo, TT Mounts, A Parashar, U Yang, CF Guarner, J Ksiazek, TG Dawson, J Goldsmith, C Chang, CJJ Oberste, SM Pallansch, MA Anderson, LJ Zaki, SR AF Shieh, SJ Jung, SM Hsueh, C Kuo, TT Mounts, A Parashar, U Yang, CF Guarner, J Ksiazek, TG Dawson, J Goldsmith, C Chang, CJJ Oberste, SM Pallansch, MA Anderson, LJ Zaki, SR CA Epidemic Working Grp TI Pathologic studies of fatal cases in outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease, Taiwan SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ENTEROVIRUS-71 AB In 1998, an outbreak of enterovirus 71-associated hand, foot, and mouth disease occurred in Taiwan. Pathologic studies of two fatal cases with similar clinical features revealed two different causative agents, emphasizing the need for postmortem examinations and modern pathologic techniques in an outbreak investigation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Tauyuan, Taiwan. RP Shieh, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 7 IS 1 BP 146 EP 148 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 403EG UT WOS:000167029200020 ER PT J AU LeDuc, JW Jahrling, PB AF LeDuc, JW Jahrling, PB TI Strengthening national preparedness for smallpox: An update SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP LeDuc, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 7 IS 1 BP 155 EP 157 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 403EG UT WOS:000167029200023 PM 11266310 ER PT J AU Tondella, MLC Rosenstein, NE Mayer, LW Tenover, FC Stocker, SA Reeves, MW Popovic, T AF Tondella, MLC Rosenstein, NE Mayer, LW Tenover, FC Stocker, SA Reeves, MW Popovic, T TI Lack of evidence for chloramphenicol resistance in Neisseria meningitidis, Africa SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID PENICILLIN RESISTANCE; POPULATION-GENETICS; EMERGENCE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tondella, MLC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 7 IS 1 BP 163 EP 164 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 403EG UT WOS:000167029200028 PM 11266315 ER PT J AU Reyes, M Imperatore, G AF Reyes, M Imperatore, G TI Iron loading and disease surveillance SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; HEMOCHROMATOSIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reyes, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 7 IS 1 BP 164 EP 165 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 403EG UT WOS:000167029200029 PM 11266316 ER PT J AU Drotman, DP Jaffe, HW Schable, CA Feinman, L AF Drotman, DP Jaffe, HW Schable, CA Feinman, L TI About the international conference on emerging infectious diseases 2000 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Amer Soc Microbiol, Washington, DC USA. RP Drotman, DP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 SU S BP 493 EP 493 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 459BW UT WOS:000170230800001 ER PT J AU Hughes, JM AF Hughes, JM TI Emerging infectious diseases: A CDC perspective SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hughes, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 SU S BP 494 EP 496 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 459BW UT WOS:000170230800002 PM 11485640 ER PT J AU Tauxe, RV AF Tauxe, RV TI Food safety and irradiation: Protecting the public from foodborne infections SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA ID UNITED-STATES; MILK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tauxe, RV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 SU S BP 516 EP 521 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 459BW UT WOS:000170230800006 PM 11485644 ER PT J AU Schuchat, A Hillier, S Edwards, K Schrag, S Labbok, M AF Schuchat, A Hillier, S Edwards, K Schrag, S Labbok, M TI Early opportunities for prevention: Infections of pregnant women and young infants SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Magee Womens Hosp, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Schuchat, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 SU S BP 532 EP 532 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 459BW UT WOS:000170230800011 PM 11485649 ER PT J AU Liang, AP Koopmans, M Doyle, MP Bernard, DT Brewer, CE AF Liang, AP Koopmans, M Doyle, MP Bernard, DT Brewer, CE TI Teaming up to prevent foodborne disease SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDCP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Natl Food Processors Assoc, Washington, DC 20005 USA. US FDA, Washington, DC 20204 USA. RP Liang, AP (reprint author), CDCP, MS G24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 SU S BP 533 EP 534 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 459BW UT WOS:000170230800012 PM 11485650 ER PT J AU Grady, C Ramjee, G Pape, J Hofman, K Speers, M AF Grady, C Ramjee, G Pape, J Hofman, K Speers, M TI Ethical and legal issues in infectious disease research and control SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIH, Fogarty Int Hlth Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. MRC, Durban, South Africa. Grp Haitien Etud Sarcome Kaposi & Infect Opportun, Port Au Prince, Haiti. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hofman, K (reprint author), NIH, Fogarty Int Hlth Ctr, 16 Ctr Dr,Bldg 16, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 SU S BP 534 EP 534 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 459BW UT WOS:000170230800013 PM 11485651 ER PT J AU Luby, T AF Luby, T TI Injection safety SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Luby, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 SU S BP 535 EP 535 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 459BW UT WOS:000170230800014 ER PT J AU Deubel, V Gubler, DJ Layton, M Malkinson, M AF Deubel, V Gubler, DJ Layton, M Malkinson, M TI West Nile virus: A newly emergent epidemic disease SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Inst Pasteur, Paris, France. Kimron Vet Inst, Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Gubler, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foothills Campus,POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 SU S BP 536 EP 536 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 459BW UT WOS:000170230800015 PM 11485653 ER PT J AU Jernigan, DB AF Jernigan, DB TI Electronic laboratory-based reporting: Opportunities and challenges for surveillance SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Surveillance, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jernigan, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Surveillance, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D59, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 SU S BP 538 EP 538 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 459BW UT WOS:000170230800017 PM 11485655 ER PT J AU Kaplan, JE Sepkowitz, K Masur, H Sirisanthana, T Russo, M Chapman, L AF Kaplan, JE Sepkowitz, K Masur, H Sirisanthana, T Russo, M Chapman, L TI Opportunistic infections in persons with HIV or other immunocompromising conditions SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Chiang Mai Med Sch, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Cornell Univ, Med Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Kaplan, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D21, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 SU S BP 541 EP 541 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 459BW UT WOS:000170230800020 PM 11485658 ER PT J AU Breman, J LeDuc, J AF Breman, J LeDuc, J TI International partnerships in infectious diseases research, training, and control SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Breman, J (reprint author), NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 31,Room B2C39,31 Ctr Dr,MSC 2220, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 SU S BP 542 EP 543 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 459BW UT WOS:000170230800021 PM 11485659 ER PT J AU Hunter, PR Colford, JM LeChevallier, MW Binder, S Berger, PS AF Hunter, PR Colford, JM LeChevallier, MW Binder, S Berger, PS TI Waterborne diseases SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Binder, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K02, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Hunter, Paul/A-7172-2008 OI Hunter, Paul/0000-0002-5608-6144 NR 0 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 SU S BP 544 EP 545 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 459BW UT WOS:000170230800023 PM 11485661 ER PT J AU Chapman, L AF Chapman, L TI Xenotransplantation: Benefits and risks SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chapman, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 SU S BP 545 EP 545 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 459BW UT WOS:000170230800024 PM 11485662 ER PT J AU Teklehaimanot, A Keusch, G Binder, S AF Teklehaimanot, A Keusch, G Binder, S TI Malaria SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Binder, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K02, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 SU S BP 546 EP 547 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 459BW UT WOS:000170230800025 PM 11485663 ER PT J AU Naimi, T Ringwald, P Besser, R Thompson, S AF Naimi, T Ringwald, P Besser, R Thompson, S TI Antimicrobial resistance SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Naimi, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 SU S BP 548 EP 548 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 459BW UT WOS:000170230800027 PM 11485665 ER PT J AU Dowdle, WR Cochi, SL Oberste, S Sutter, R AF Dowdle, WR Cochi, SL Oberste, S Sutter, R TI Preventing polio from becoming a reemerging disease SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Decatur, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dowdle, WR (reprint author), 750 Commerce Dr,Suite 400, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 SU S BP 549 EP 550 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 459BW UT WOS:000170230800028 PM 11485666 ER PT J AU Cookson, ST Carballo, M Nolan, CM Keystone, JS Jong, EC AF Cookson, ST Carballo, M Nolan, CM Keystone, JS Jong, EC TI Migrating populations - A closer view of who, why, and so what SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID MALARIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID DQ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Int Ctr Migrat & Hlth, Geneva, Switzerland. Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Cookson, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID DQ, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 SU S BP 551 EP 551 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 459BW UT WOS:000170230800030 PM 11485668 ER PT J AU Chamberland, ME Alter, HJ Busch, MP Nemo, G Ricketts, M AF Chamberland, ME Alter, HJ Busch, MP Nemo, G Ricketts, M TI Emerging infectious disease issues in blood safety SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material AB Improvements in donor screening and testing and viral inactivation of plasma derivatives together have resulted in substantial declines in transfusion-transmitted infections over the last two decades. Most recently, nucleic acid testing techniques have been developed to screen blood and plasma donations for evidence of very recent viral infections that could be missed by conventional serologic tests. Nonetheless, the blood supply remains vulnerable to new and reemerging infections. In recent years, numerous infectious agents found worldwide have been identified as potential threats to the blood supply. Several newly discovered hepatitis viruses and agents of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies present unique challenges in assessing possible risks they may pose to the safety of blood and plasma products. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Blood Ctr Pacific, San Francisco, CA USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Chamberland, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 SU S BP 552 EP 553 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 459BW UT WOS:000170230800031 PM 11485669 ER PT J AU Reissman, DB Staley, F Curtis, GB Kaufmann, RB AF Reissman, DB Staley, F Curtis, GB Kaufmann, RB TI Use of geographic information system technology to aid health department decision making about childhood lead poisoning prevention activities SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE childhood; geographic information systems; lead poisoning; public health ID EXPOSURE; CHILDREN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Jefferson Cty Dept Environm Hlth, Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent Program, Louisville, KY USA. RP Reissman, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 109 IS 1 BP 89 EP 94 DI 10.2307/3434926 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 392BU UT WOS:000166391400029 PM 11171530 ER PT J AU Buchert, A Cederberg, T Dyke, P Fiedler, H Furst, P Hanberg, A Hosseinpour, J Hutzinger, O Kuenen, JG Malisch, R Needham, LL Olie, K Papke, O Aranda, JR Thanner, G Umlauf, G Vartiainen, T van Holst, C AF Buchert, A Cederberg, T Dyke, P Fiedler, H Furst, P Hanberg, A Hosseinpour, J Hutzinger, O Kuenen, JG Malisch, R Needham, LL Olie, K Papke, O Aranda, JR Thanner, G Umlauf, G Vartiainen, T van Holst, C TI Dioxin contamination in food - Bayreuth, Germany, from September 28 to October 1, 2000 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE analysis; dioxins and furans; food contamination; limit values; risk assessment AB Dioxin and PCB monitoring programs for food and feeding stuff in most countries of the world, including many European Countries are currently inadequate. Better control of food production lines and food processing procedures is needed to minimize entry of dioxin to the food chain and will help to avoid dioxin contamination accidents. This would also improve the ability to trace back a possible contamination to its source. European guidelines for monitoring programs should be established to ensure comparable and meaningful results. These guidelines should define the minimum requirements for the design of monitoring programs, analytical methods, and quality assurance. Though data from Northern Europe shows that the general population exposure to dioxin and PCB has decreased during the last ten years these compounds continue to be a risk of accidental contamination of the food chain. The most prominent recent example is the Belgian dioxin contamination of feeding stuff in 1999. The Belgian dioxin contamination was not detected due to dioxin monitoring programs but by their direct biological effects seen in animals. Four other cases of dioxin contamination have been detected in Europe since 1997 due to local monitoring programs. One of them (citrus pulp pellets 1998) was in a much larger scale than the Belgian dioxin contamination. The general population's exposure to dioxins and PCBs is still in the same range (1-4 pg WHO-TEQ/kg body weight and day) as the recently revised WHO tolerable daily intake (TDI). There is concern that short-term high level exposure to dioxins, furans, and PCB may cause biological effects on the human fetal development and further research is required. Further actions to control sources building on considerable advances already made in many countries may need to be supplemented by measures to prevent direct contamination of feeding stuff or food to reduce general population exposure further. C1 Danish Vet & Food Adm, Inst Food Res & Nutr, DK-2860 Soborg Copenhagen, Denmark. PD Consulting, Lechlade GL7 3EE, Glos, England. UNEP Chem, CH-1219 Chatelaine, GE, Switzerland. Chem Landes & Staatl Vet Untersuchungsamt, D-48151 Munster, Germany. Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Okometr GmbH, D-95448 Bayreuth, Germany. Univ Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. Delft Univ Technol, Dept Biotechnol, Kluyver Lab, NL-2628 BC Delft, Netherlands. Chem & Vet Untersuchungsamt Freiburg, D-79114 Freiburg, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Toxicol Branch F 17, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Dept Environm & Toxicol Chem, NL-1018 WV Amsterdam, Netherlands. CSIC, CID, Mass Spectrometry Lab, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. ERGO Forsch Gesells MbH, D-22305 Hamburg, Germany. Umweltbundesamt, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Commiss European Communities, JRC Ispra, Inst Environm, Soil & Waste Unit, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Div Environm Hlth, FIN-70701 Kuopio, Finland. Commiss European Communities, DG Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. RP Fiedler, H (reprint author), UNEP Chem, 11-13 Chemin Anemones, CH-1219 Chatelaine, GE, Switzerland. RI Fiedler, Heidelore/P-6115-2015 OI Fiedler, Heidelore/0000-0003-1496-9245 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA RUDOLF-DIESEL-STR 3, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2001 VL 8 IS 2 BP 84 EP 88 DI 10.1007/BF02987298 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 429VU UT WOS:000168539300002 PM 11400642 ER PT J AU de la Paz, MP Philen, RM Borda, IA AF de la Paz, MP Philen, RM Borda, IA TI Toxic oil syndrome: The perspective after 20 years SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME; RAPESEED OIL; SPAIN; INGESTION; EPIDEMIC; ANILINE; 3-(PHENYLAMINO)ALANINE; MANIFESTATIONS; MORTALITY; PRODUCTS C1 Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Invest Sindrome Aceite Tox, Madrid, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Philen, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects E23, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Posada, Manuel/0000-0002-8372-4180 NR 80 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 2001 VL 23 IS 2 BP 231 EP 247 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 513ZG UT WOS:000173410700003 ER PT B AU Becker, KM AF Becker, KM BE Maiolo, JR Whitehead, JC McGee, M King, L Johnson, J Stone, H TI The incidence of injury, illness, and death during and after Hurricane Floyd SO FACING OUR FUTURE: HURRICANE FLOYD AND RECOVERY IN THE COASTAL PLAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on In the Aftermath of Hurricane Floyd - Recovery in the Coastal Plain CY OCT 13, 1999 CL E CAROLINA UNIV, GREENVILLE, NC SP Amer Red Cross, N Carolina Chapter, Aramark Catering, Branch Bank & Trust, Carolina Power & Light, Carteret News Times, Catalytica Pharmaceut Inc, Ctr Transporat & Envirnom, Cent Bank, Coastal Carolina Press, E Coastal Univ, Coastal Resources Management Programs, E Coastal Univ, Div Res & Grad Studies, Eastern N Carolina Poverty Comm, Fed Emergency Management Acgy, First S Bank, E Coastal Univ, Flood Cent Archive, Joyner Lib, Grady White Boats, N C Div Emergency Management, N C Sea Grant Program, PCS Phosphate, Pitt County Memorial Hosp, News & Observer, Trade Oil Co, Univ Book Exchange, Weyerhaeuser Corp, WCZI Radio, WNCT-TV HO E CAROLINA UNIV ID CAROLINA; HUGO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Becker, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COASTAL CAROLINA PRESS PI WILMINGTON PA 2231 WRIGHTS AVE, WILMINGTON, NC 28403 USA BN 1-928556-30-2 PY 2001 BP 207 EP 211 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Sociology GA BV41Z UT WOS:000178902800026 ER PT B AU Cox, NJ AF Cox, NJ BE Layne, SP Beugelsdijk, TJ Patel, CKN TI Expanding the worldwide influenza surveillance system and improving the selection of strains for vaccines SO FIREPOWER IN THE LAB: AUTOMATION IN THE FIGHT AGAINST INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND BIOTERRORISM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Automation in Threat Reduction and Infectious Disease Research CY APR 29-30, 1999 CL NATL ACAD SCI, WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US DOE, US Dept HHS, Off Emergency Preparedness, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Acad Engn, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Assoc Lab Automat HO NATL ACAD SCI C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Cox, NJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOSEPH HENRY PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-06849-5 PY 2001 BP 47 EP 53 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Infectious Diseases; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Automation & Control Systems; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Infectious Diseases; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BU88C UT WOS:000177289400004 ER PT B AU Hughes, JM AF Hughes, JM BE Layne, SP Beugelsdijk, TJ Patel, CKN TI Addressing emerging infectious diseases, food safety, and bioterrorism: Common themes SO FIREPOWER IN THE LAB: AUTOMATION IN THE FIGHT AGAINST INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND BIOTERRORISM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Automation in Threat Reduction and Infectious Disease Research CY APR 29-30, 1999 CL NATL ACAD SCI, WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US DOE, US Dept HHS, Off Emergency Preparedness, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Acad Engn, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Assoc Lab Automat HO NATL ACAD SCI C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Hughes, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOSEPH HENRY PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-06849-5 PY 2001 BP 55 EP 60 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Infectious Diseases; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Automation & Control Systems; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Infectious Diseases; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BU88C UT WOS:000177289400005 ER PT B AU Maslanka, SE Zirnstein, G Sobel, J Swaminathan, B AF Maslanka, SE Zirnstein, G Sobel, J Swaminathan, B BE Layne, SP Beugelsdijk, TJ Patel, CKN TI Foodborne pathogen and toxin diagnostics: Current methods and needs assessment from surveillance, outbreak response, and bioterrorism preparedness perspectives SO FIREPOWER IN THE LAB: AUTOMATION IN THE FIGHT AGAINST INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND BIOTERRORISM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Automation in Threat Reduction and Infectious Disease Research CY APR 29-30, 1999 CL NATL ACAD SCI, WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US DOE, US Dept HHS, Off Emergency Preparedness, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Acad Engn, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Assoc Lab Automat HO NATL ACAD SCI ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; STREPTOCOCCUS-SANGUIS; BIOSENSOR TECHNOLOGY; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; MASSIVE OUTBREAK; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; UNITED-STATES; HYDROXYAPATITE; INFECTION; GENE C1 CDCP, Natl Botulism Surveillance & Invest Lab, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Lab Sect, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Maslanka, SE (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Botulism Surveillance & Invest Lab, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Lab Sect, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOSEPH HENRY PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-06849-5 PY 2001 BP 143 EP 163 PG 21 WC Automation & Control Systems; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Infectious Diseases; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Automation & Control Systems; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Infectious Diseases; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BU88C UT WOS:000177289400013 ER PT J AU Ruiz-Mendez, MV de la Paz, MP Abian, J Calaf, RE Blount, B Castro-Molero, N Philen, R Gelpi, E AF Ruiz-Mendez, MV de la Paz, MP Abian, J Calaf, RE Blount, B Castro-Molero, N Philen, R Gelpi, E TI Storage time and deodorization temperature influence the formation of aniline-derived compounds in denatured rapeseed oils SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In 1981 an epidemic, named Toxic Oil Syndrome, occurred in Spain as a result of ingestion of rapeseed oil denatured with 2% aniline, which had been imported for industrial use but was fraudulently diverted and processed for human consumption. Two groups of chemical compounds have been identified in the ingested toxic oil: fatty acid anilides and amino-propanediol derivatives. The objective of this work was to assess the effect of several refining process variables on the formation of 3-(N-phenylamino)-1,2-propanediol (PAP) esters. The amount of PAP esters in aniline-denatured oil increased dramatically when oil was heated from 250 degreesC to 300 degreesC. However, the ones formed when 300 degreesC was reached were lost during processing at that temperature. The level maintained during the operation time at 300 degreesC was higher in denatured samples stored for 3 weeks before refining than in denatured samples stored only for 1 week. Anilides were also analyzed. We found that anilides decreased very little with distillation time. In this paper we discuss the influence of storage time prior to refining and of elevated refining temperature, such as temperatures that might occur in close proximity to a deodorizer coil. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CSIC, Inst Grasa, Seville 41012, Spain. Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Invest Sindrome Aceite Toxico, Madrid 28029, Spain. CSIC, IDIBAPS, IIBB,Dept Bioanalit Med, Unidad Espectrometria Masas Estructural & Biol, Barcelona 08036, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ruiz-Mendez, MV (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Grasa, Avda P Garcia Tejero 4, Seville 41012, Spain. RI Abian, Joaquin/M-1965-2014; Ruiz-Mendez, M. Victoria/P-1627-2014 OI Abian, Joaquin/0000-0003-2823-5429; Ruiz-Mendez, M. Victoria/0000-0003-0750-7915 NR 15 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 39 IS 1 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1016/S0278-6915(00)00111-3 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 414EE UT WOS:000167652300010 PM 11259855 ER PT J AU Zhang, Z Leonard, SS Qian, Y Chen, F Chuang, CS Shi, XG AF Zhang, Z Leonard, SS Qian, Y Chen, F Chuang, CS Shi, XG TI Vanadate induces cell Growth arrest through MAPKs and Reactive Oxygen Species SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Chen, Fei/A-3056-2008; Zhang, Zhuo/B-8601-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2001 VL 31 SU 1 MA 331 BP S108 EP S108 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 491EZ UT WOS:000172096200347 ER PT B AU Glass, RI Bresee, J Jiang, BM Gentsch, J Ando, T Fankhauser, R Noel, J Parashar, U Rosen, B Monroe, SS AF Glass, RI Bresee, J Jiang, BM Gentsch, J Ando, T Fankhauser, R Noel, J Parashar, U Rosen, B Monroe, SS BE Chadwick, D Goode, JA TI Gastroenteritis viruses: an overview SO GASTROENTERITIS VIRUSES SE NOVARTIS FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Gastroenteritis Viruses CY MAY 16-18, 2000 CL NOVARTIS FDN, LONDON, ENGLAND HO NOVARTIS FDN ID RNA-RNA HYBRIDIZATION; UNITED-STATES; NORWALK VIRUS; HUMAN ROTAVIRUS; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; FECAL SPECIMENS; CAPSID PROTEIN; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; AICHI-VIRUS; DIARRHEA AB Acute gastroenteritis is among the most common illnesses of humankind, and its associated morbidity and mortality are greatest among those at the extremes of age, children and the elderly. In developing countries, gastroenteritis is a common cause of death in children <5 years that can be linked to a wide variety of pathogens. In developed countries, while deaths from diarrhoea are less common, much illness leads to hospitalization or doctor visits. Much of the gastroenteritis in children is caused by viruses belonging to four distinct families - rotaviruses, caliciviruses, astroviruses and adenoviruses. Other viruses, such as the toroviruses, picobirnaviruses, picornavirus (the Aichi virus), and enterovirus 22, may play a role as well. Viral gastroenteritis occurs with two epidemiologic patterns, diarrhoea that is endemic in children and outbreaks that affect people of all ages. Viral diarrhoea in children is caused by group A rotaviruses, enteric adenoviruses, astroviruses and the caliciviruses; the illness affects all children worldwide in the first few years of life regardless of their level of hygiene, quality of water, food or sanitation, or type of behaviour, For all but perhaps the caliciviruses, these infections provide immunity from severe disease upon reinfection. Epidemic viral diarrhoea is caused primarily by the Norwalk-like virus genus of the caliciviruses. These viruses affect people of all ages, are often transmitted by faecally contaminated food or water, and are therefore subject to control by public health measures. The tremendous antigenic diversity of caliciviruses and short-lived immunity to infection permit repeated episodes throughout life. In the past decade, the molecular characterization of many of these gastroenteritis viruses has led to advances both in our understanding of the pathogens themselves and in development of a new generation of diagnostics. Application of these more sensitive methods to detect and characterize individual agents is just beginning, but has already opened up new avenues to reassess their disease burden, examine their molecular epidemiology, and consider new directions for their prevention and control through vaccination, improvements in food and water quality and sanitary practices. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Glass, RI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 59 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA BAFFINS LANE, CHICHESTER PO19 1UD, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 0-471-49663-4 J9 NOVART FDN SYMP PY 2001 VL 238 BP 5 EP 25 PG 21 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Medicine, General & Internal; Virology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; General & Internal Medicine; Virology GA BS91F UT WOS:000171368200002 PM 11444035 ER PT B AU Monroe, SS Holmes, JL Belliot, GM AF Monroe, SS Holmes, JL Belliot, GM BE Chadwick, D Goode, JA TI Molecular epidemiology of human astroviruses SO GASTROENTERITIS VIRUSES SE NOVARTIS FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Gastroenteritis Viruses CY MAY 16-18, 2000 CL NOVARTIS FDN, LONDON, ENGLAND HO NOVARTIS FDN ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CODING REGION; RNA SEQUENCE; GASTROENTERITIS; SEROTYPES; CHILDREN; VIRUSES; DIARRHEA; INFECTION AB Human astroviruses (HAstVs) are associated with 5-9 percent of cases of gastroenteritis in young children. Seven serotypes (HAstV-1 to -7), which correlate with genotypes, have been defined by using immune typing methods. We have used partial nucleotide sequence information from the capsid protein gene for molecular typing of 29 unique human astrovirus strains obtained from prospective studies of children with gastroenteritis in Egypt and Malawi. HAstV-1 was the most commonly detected strain, consistent with previous studies, but a surprising variety of strains were identified in both collections. An eighth astrovirus type, HAstV-8, has been defined on the basis of the complete capsid protein gene sequence and was detected in both collections analysed in this study. Although HAstV-8 and HAstV-4 strains segregate into well resolved clades by analysis of sequences from the region encoding protein P2 (VP32), the pair-wise distances between these types are less than those between strains of the other serotypes. In contrast, analysis of sequences from the region encoding protein P3 unambiguously resolve HAstV-4 and HAstV-8 strains, consistent with their classification as distinct serotypes. Overall, strains representing six of the eight serotypes were detected in two collections of samples from prospective studies of gastroenteritis in young children indicating that multiple astrovirus types are frequently co-circulating within communities. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. RP Monroe, SS (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA BAFFINS LANE, CHICHESTER PO19 1UD, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 0-471-49663-4 J9 NOVART FDN SYMP PY 2001 VL 238 BP 237 EP 249 PG 13 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Medicine, General & Internal; Virology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; General & Internal Medicine; Virology GA BS91F UT WOS:000171368200013 PM 11444029 ER PT J AU Parish, KL Cotton, D Huszti, HC Parsons, JT AF Parish, KL Cotton, D Huszti, HC Parsons, JT CA Hemophilia Behav Intervention Eval TI Safer sex decision-making among men with haemophilia and HIV and their female partners SO HAEMOPHILIA LA English DT Article DE communication; decision-making; haemophilia; heterosexual; HIV; safer sex ID INFLUENCING CONDOM USE; AIDS-RISK BEHAVIOR; SAN-FRANCISCO; GAY MEN; POPULATION; INFECTION; COMMUNICATION; TRANSMISSION; HEMOPHILIACS; PREDICTORS AB An exploratory qualitative study of adult heterosexual men with haemophilia and HIV and women who were their sexual partners was conducted as formative research to better understand cognitive factors involved in behavioural intentions and practices which comprise HIV risk-reduction for sexual transmission. The study sought to generate hypotheses, uncover themes, and develop a broad perspective on possible determinants of behaviours related to HIV transmission risk reduction. Qualitative analysis of these data served as a basis for developing a subsequent quantitative, hypothesis-testing survey and an intervention. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 23 single men and 28 married men with haemophilia and HIV infection, and 28 married women partners selected through stratified, purposeful sampling. The interviews identified beliefs, attitudes, and values underlying decisions regarding target behaviours related to preventing sexual transmission of HIV, including (1) using condoms consistently during vaginal intercourse and (2) talking to partners about risk reduction. The interviews elicited information about perceived advantages and disadvantages of performing each of the targeted behaviours, and factors that facilitate or prevent performing them. Qualitative analysis of coded responses yielded important themes regarding how choices are made about sexual activity and safer sex. Most notably, communication between partners (1) plays a direct, key role in facilitating condom use and (2) forms the basis for maintaining emotional intimacy in these relationships. The link between condom use and communicating about safer sex was viewed as pivotal in achieving HIV prevention for individuals in serodiscordant couples. Recommendations for risk reduction intervention development are discussed. C1 Huntington Hosp Hemophilia Ctr, Pasadena, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Prevent Serv, Div Std HIV Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Mt Sinai Med Ctr, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Parish, KL (reprint author), Hemophilia Fdn So Calif, 33 S Catalina Ave,Suite 102, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. OI Parsons, Jeffrey/0000-0002-6875-7566 FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU906115] NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1351-8216 J9 HAEMOPHILIA JI Haemophilia PD JAN PY 2001 VL 7 IS 1 BP 72 EP 81 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2516.2001.00459.x PG 10 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 406UY UT WOS:000167235500013 PM 11136384 ER PT J AU Spiropoulou, CF AF Spiropoulou, CF TI Hantavirus maturation SO HANTAVIRUSES SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BETA-GALACTOSIDE ALPHA-2,6-SIALYLTRANSFERASE; PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS TYPE-3; CREEK CANAL VIRUS; SIN-NOMBRE-VIRUS; M-GENOME SEGMENT; HANTAAN-VIRUS; PULMONARY SYNDROME; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; CYTOPLASMIC DOMAIN; UUKUNIEMI VIRUS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Spiropoulou, CF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 67 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2001 VL 256 BP 33 EP 46 PG 14 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BT48L UT WOS:000173125600003 PM 11217405 ER PT J AU Gostin, LO AF Gostin, LO TI Health information: Reconciling personal privacy with the public good of human health SO HEALTH CARE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE ethics; health information; privacy; public health ID CARE; DISCLOSURE AB The success of the health care system depends on the accuracy, correctness and trustworthiness of the information, and the privacy rights of individuals to control the disclosure of personal information. A national policy on health informational privacy should be guided by ethical principles that respect individual autonomy while recognizing the important collective interests in the use of health information. At present there are no adequate laws or constitutional principles to help guide a rational privacy policy. The laws are scattered and fragmented across the states. Constitutional law is highly general, without important specific safeguards. Finally, a case study is provided showing the important trade-offs that exist between public health and privacy. For a model public health law, see www.critpath.org/msphpa/privacy. C1 Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20001 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. CDC, Collaborat Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gostin, LO (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, 600 New Jersey Ave NW, Washington, DC 20001 USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1065-3058 J9 HEALTH CARE ANAL JI Health Care Anal. PY 2001 VL 9 IS 3 BP 321 EP 335 DI 10.1023/A:1012905932744 PG 15 WC Ethics; Health Policy & Services; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 496EB UT WOS:000172382300006 PM 11794835 ER PT J AU Cooper, CP Burgoon, M Roter, DL AF Cooper, CP Burgoon, M Roter, DL TI An expectancy-value analysis of viewer interest in television prevention news stories SO HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID SMOKING CESSATION PROGRAM; GRATIFICATIONS SOUGHT; MEDIA EXPOSURE; PROJECT; AUDIENCE; RECALL; INTERVENTION; ATTENTION; MODEL AB Understanding what drives viewer interest in television news stories about prevention topics is vital to maximizing the effectiveness of interventions that utilize this medium. Guided by expectancy-value theory, this experiment used regression analysis to identify the salient beliefs associated with viewer attitudes towards these types of news stories. The 458 study participants were recruited over 30 days from a municipal jury pool in an eastern U.S. city. Out of the 22 beliefs included in the experiment, 6 demonstrated salience. Personal relevance, novelty, shock value, and the absence of exaggeration were the core values reflected in the identified salient beliefs. This study highlights the importance of explaining the relevance of prevention stories to viewers and framing these stories with a new spin or a surprising twist. However, such manipulations should be applied with savvy and restraint, as hyping prevention news was found to be counterproductive to educating the public. C1 Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Arizona Canc Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Cooper, CP (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent Control, K-48,4770 Buford Highway,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ccooper@cdc.gov RI Roter, Debra/N-8830-2014 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [5-T32HL07180] NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1041-0236 J9 HEALTH COMMUN JI Health Commun. PY 2001 VL 13 IS 3 BP 227 EP 240 DI 10.1207/S15327027HC1303_1 PG 14 WC Communication; Health Policy & Services SC Communication; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 465QM UT WOS:000170601500001 PM 11550849 ER PT J AU Vanderford, ML Stein, T Sheeler, R Skochelak, S AF Vanderford, ML Stein, T Sheeler, R Skochelak, S TI Communication challenges for experienced clinicians: Topics for an advanced communication curriculum SO HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID PATIENT-RELATIONSHIP; MEDICAL DISCOURSE; CARE; LESSONS; ILLNESS AB We asked 111 experienced clinicians (MDs, RNs, PhDs, DMins) attending a conference on medical interviewing for descriptions of communication challenges they encountered while practicing in clinical health care settings. Eighty-one provided accounts analyzed in this study. Using narrative analysis, we found that most of the accounts focused on conflicts between clinicians and patients based on differing beliefs about the nature and treatment of illness and contrasting expectations about the doctor-patient relationship. This article traces the clinician-narrators' use of plot, characterization, cause-effect relationships, and idealized images to make sense of challenging communication encounters. The results of our analysis point to several communication competencies that experienced clinicians found they lacked, even after receiving communication training and developing an awareness of the literature on teaching health communication skills. Building skills in the identified areas could reduce clinician frustration and enrich the practice of medicine. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Commun, Tampa, FL USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Family Med, Madison, WI USA. RP Vanderford, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS F-29,4770 Buford Highway,NE, Atlanta, GA 30041 USA. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 1041-0236 J9 HEALTH COMMUN JI Health Commun. PY 2001 VL 13 IS 3 BP 261 EP 284 DI 10.1207/S15327027HC1303_3 PG 24 WC Communication; Health Policy & Services SC Communication; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 465QM UT WOS:000170601500003 PM 11550851 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Herrera-Goepfert, R Mohar, A Sanchez, L Halperin, D Ley, C Parsonnet, J AF Guarner, J Herrera-Goepfert, R Mohar, A Sanchez, L Halperin, D Ley, C Parsonnet, J TI Gastric atrophy and extent of intestinal metaplasia in a cohort of Helicobacter pylori-infected patients SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atrophy; intestinal metaplasia; Helicobacter pylori ID HIGH-RISK POPULATION; PRECANCEROUS PROCESS; CLASSIFICATION; STOMACH; LESIONS; CANCER AB Atrophy and intestinal metaplasia (IM) are preneoplastic gastric lesions associated with Helicobacter pylori, infection. Atrophy and IM are usually found together; however, the association between increasing degrees of severity of both atrophy and IM has not been evaluated completely. Two pathologists graded atrophy and IM using the visual analog scale of the Sydney classification in gastric biopsies from 368 H pylori-infected patients. Extent of IM also included determining the number of specimens affected. We then correlated the degree of atrophy with the degree and number of specimens affected with IM by calculating relative risks: (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The mean number of biopsies examined from each patient was 6.5, Atrophy and IM were found more frequently in the antrum (85% and 75% of biopsies, respectively), One hundred thirty-eight patients had a combination of atrophy and IM, 48 had IM only, and 89 had atrophy only. Fifty-three subjects had mild atrophy and IM (RR = 1.57; 95% CI 1.2-2.1), 69 had moderate atrophy and IM (RR = 1.86; 95% CI 1.9-2.4), and 16 had marked atrophy and IM (RR = 2.47; 95% CI 1.8-3.3). The median number of biopsy specimens with IM increased from 0 in subjects with no atrophy to 3 in subjects with severe atrophy. The degree of IM correlated with the degree of atrophy; the median degree was 0.6 in subjects with no atrophy and increased to 2.32 in those with severe atrophy. Our data suggest that higher degrees of IM in an individual specimen and increasing number of specimens with IM are associated with moderate or severe degrees of atrophy. This is a US Government work. There are no restrictions on its use. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Nacl Cancerol, Dept Pathol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Nacl Cancerol, Direcc Invest, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Biomed, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. ECOSUR, Las Casas, Mexico. Stanford Univ, Dept Hlth Res & Policy, Stanford, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Stanford, CA USA. RP Guarner, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Mailstop G32,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA67488-04] NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1053/hupa.2001.20889 PG 5 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 397ZR UT WOS:000166729700006 PM 11172292 ER PT J AU Burwen, DR Lasker, BA Rao, N Durry, E Padhye, AA Jarvis, WR AF Burwen, DR Lasker, BA Rao, N Durry, E Padhye, AA Jarvis, WR TI Invasive aspergillosis outbreak on a hematology-oncology ward SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA AB An outbreak of invasive aspergillosis occurred in a community hospital in temporal association with construction activity. Epidemiological investigation showed that patients who are at highest risk comprise a small group and are readily identifiable. Clinicians should strive to protect these patients, following guidelines published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001;22:45-48). C1 US Dept HHS, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept HHS, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Shadyside Hosp, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. RP Jarvis, WR (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Publ Hlth Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 22 IS 1 BP 45 EP 48 DI 10.1086/501826 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 392YF UT WOS:000166439600010 PM 11198023 ER PT J AU Alvarado-Ramy, F Alter, MJ Bower, W Henderson, DK Sohn, AH Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Jarvis, WR AF Alvarado-Ramy, F Alter, MJ Bower, W Henderson, DK Sohn, AH Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Jarvis, WR TI Management of occupational exposures to hepatitis C virus: Current practice and controversies SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Unlike hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus, there currently are no immunization or chemoprophylactic interventions available to prevent infection after an occupational exposure to hepatitis C virus (HCV). A "Reality Check" session was held at the 4th Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections to gather information on current practices related to management of occupational exposures to HCV, generate discussion on controversial issues, and identify areas for future research. Infection control professionals in attendance were knowledgeable in most issues addressed regarding the management of occupational exposures to HCV. Areas of controversy included the use of antiviral therapy early in the course of HCV infection and the appropriate administrative management of an HCV-infected healthcare worker (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001;22:53-55). C1 US Dept HHS, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept HHS, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training,Epidemiol Program Off, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIH, Warren G Magnuson Clin Ctr, Off Director, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Alvarado-Ramy, F (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Publ Hlth Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-68, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 22 IS 1 BP 53 EP 55 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 392YF UT WOS:000166439600013 PM 11198026 ER PT J AU Ives, TJ Marston, EL Regnery, RL Butts, JD AF Ives, TJ Marston, EL Regnery, RL Butts, JD TI In vitro susceptibilities of Bartonella and Rickettsia spp. to fluoroquinolone antibiotics as determined by immunofluorescent antibody analysis of infected Vero cell monolayers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS LA English DT Article DE fluoroquinolones; Rickettsia; Bartonella; in vitro ID TISSUE-CULTURE CELLS; MULTIPLE-DOSE PHARMACOKINETICS; OPTICALLY-ACTIVE OFLOXACIN; CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; HENSELAE SP-NOV; ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE; INTRACELLULAR ACTIVITY; COXIELLA-BURNETII; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES AB The in vitro susceptibilities of Bartonella and Rickettsia spp. to different concentrations of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin and sparfloxacin in Vero cell cultures, were determined by enumeration of immunofluorescent-stained bacilli. After incubation in a CO2-enriched atmosphere, inocula were replaced and tested with media containing 12 different concentrations of each antibiotic in replicate for each species and the monolayers were re-incubated. Growth status was determined by evaluation of immunofluorescent staining bacilli. Effective inhibitory antibiotic dilution endpoints were determined by counting Bartonella- and Rickettsia-specific fluorescent foci across a range of antibiotic dilutions with an epi-fluorescent microscope, and were compared with an antibiotic-negative control, Based upon the use of C-max:MIC and AUC:MIC data, levofloxacin exhibited activity against Bartonella elizabethae and B. quintana. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. and International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Family Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Immunol Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Virol & Rickettsial Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Lexington, KY 40504 USA. Univ Kentucky, Coll Pharm, Lexington, KY 40504 USA. RP Ives, TJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Campus Box 7595, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-8579 J9 INT J ANTIMICROB AG JI Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents PY 2001 VL 18 IS 3 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1016/S0924-8579(01)00388-0 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 489WV UT WOS:000172016200003 PM 11673033 ER PT J AU Nelson, BK Snyder, DL Shaw, PB AF Nelson, BK Snyder, DL Shaw, PB TI Developmental toxicity interactions of methanol and radiofrequency radiation or 2-methoxyethanol in rats SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE developmental toxicity; exposure standards; glycol ethers; hyperthermia; industrial solvents; intervention strategies; methanol; RF radiation; synergism ID GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER; GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS; CD-1 MOUSE; TERATOGENIC INTERACTION; CYTOSINE-ARABINOSIDE; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; INDUCED HYPERTHERMIA; LONGITUDINAL DATA; INHALED METHANOL; BIRTH-DEFECTS AB This research was undertaken to determine potential interactions among chemical and physical agents, Radiofrequency (RF) radiation is used in numerous workplaces, and many workers are concurrently exposed to RF radiation and various chemicals. The developmental toxicity of RF radiation is associated with the degree and duration of hyperthermia induced by the exposure. Previous animal research indicates that hyperthermia induced by an elevation in ambient temperature can potentiate the toxicity and teratogenicity of some chemical agents. We previously demonstrated that combined exposure to RF radiation (10 MHz) and the industrial solvent, 2-methoxyethanol (2ME), enhanced teratogenicity in rats. Interactions were noted at even the lowest levels of 2ME tested, but only at hyperthermic levels of RF radiation. The purpose of the present research is to investigate if the interactive effects noted for RF radiation and 2ME are unique to these agents, or if similar interactions might be seen with other chemicals. Because methanol is widely used as a solvent as well as fuel additive, and, at high levels, is teratogenic in animals, we selected methanol as a chemical to address generalizability, Based on the literature and our pilot studies, 0, 2, or 3 g/kg methanol (twice, at 6-hour intervals) were administered on gestation day 9 or 13 to groups of 10 Sprague-Dawley rats. Dams treated on day 9 were given methanol and exposed to RF radiation sufficient to maintain colonic temperature at 41 degreesC for 60 minutes (or sham), Those treated on day 13 were given methanol plus either 0 or 100 mg/kg 2ME. Because we observed that methanol produced hypothermia, some groups were given the initial dose of methanol concurrently with the RF or 2ME, and others were given the first dose of methanol 1.5 hours prior to RF or 2ME. Dams were sacrificed on gestation day 20, and the fetuses were examined for external malformations. The results indicate that RF radiation or methanol on day 9 increased the incidence of resorbed fetuses, but no interactive effects were observed. The resorptions were highest in groups given the experimental treatments 1.5 hours apart. The higher dose of methanol also reduced fetal weights. Administration of 2ME or methanol on day 13 increased the rate of malformations, and there was evidence of a positive interaction between 2ME and methanol, Fetal weights were reduced by 2ME and methanol alone, but no interaction was observed. Also, separation of the dosing with the teratogens did not affect the results. These results point out that interactions in developmental toxicology, such as those of RF radiation, 2ME, and methanol that we have studied, are complex, and such interactions cannot be fully understood or predicted without more research. It is important that combined exposure effects be considered when developing both physical agent and chemical agent exposure guidelines and intervention strategies. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Nelson, BK (reprint author), NIOSH, C-24,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 91 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PY 2001 VL 20 IS 2 BP 89 EP 100 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 429KU UT WOS:000168516800006 PM 11354470 ER PT J AU Granich, RM Moore, M Binkin, NJ McCray, E AF Granich, RM Moore, M Binkin, NJ McCray, E TI Drug-resistant tuberculosis in foreign-born persons from Mexico, the Philippines, and Vietnam - United States, 1993-1997 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE drug resistance; immigration; multidrug-resistant tuberculosis ID SAN-FRANCISCO; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION AB SETTING: Foreign-born persons in the United States represent a growing proportion of the nation's tuberculosis(TB)cases. OBJECTIVE: To characterize drug resistance patterns in foreign-born TB patients from the three most common birth countries. DESIGN: A descriptive analysis of national TB surveillance data for 1993-1997. TB case reports for foreign-born persons who were at least 15 years old and born either in Mexico (6221), the Philippines (3624), or Vietnam (3351) were included. RESULTS: Among those with no prior history of TB, the proportions with isoniazid-resistant TB and MDR-TB (resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin) were 9.2% and 1.6% for persons from Mexico, 13.7% and 1.4% for those from the Philippines, and 17.8% and 1.4% for those from Vietnam. Levels of isoniazid resistance and MDR-TB did not change during the 5-year study period. Levels of isoniazid resistance decreased with older age for persons with no prior TB from all three countries; however, rates of MDR-TB did not vary with age. Persons with <1 year of residence in the US were more likely to have MDR-TB; however, duration of residence in the US was not associated with isoniazid resistance. CONCLUSION: Increased drug resistance in younger and more recent arrivals suggests that vigorous efforts to prevent further development of MDR-TB in the three countries are essential. C1 Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Moore, M (reprint author), CDC, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 5 IS 1 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 426QC UT WOS:000168359000008 PM 11263517 ER PT J AU Conover, C Ridzon, R Valway, S Schoenstadt, L McAuley, J Onorato, I Paul, W AF Conover, C Ridzon, R Valway, S Schoenstadt, L McAuley, J Onorato, I Paul, W CA Investigative Team TI Outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis at a methadone treatment program SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; methadone; outbreak ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; HIV-INFECTION; SHELTER; TRANSMISSION; HOMELESS AB SETTING: An out-patient methadone treatment program (MTP). OBJECTIVE: To investigate transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in the MTP. DESIGN: Cases were defined as MTP clients or staff who developed TB between I January 1994 and 1 January 1996, with at least one positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid and rifampin. Contacts were identified, located and evaluated. RESULTS: Thirteen cases of MDR-TB occurred among 462 clients and staff. One fifth (6/30) of the members of a counseling group for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected clients developed MDR-TB. Individuals known to be HIV positive were at greater risk for TB than those who were HIV negative (RR 5.2, 95%CI 1.2-22.7). Of 449 clients and staff identified as contacts, 393 (87.5%) were located and screened. Among those with a negative baseline tuberculin skin test, 18.5% (56/303) were skin test converters. Attendance at the MTP during a period when the index case was infectious was associated with an increased risk of conversion (RR 2.5, 95%CI 1.1-6.0). CONCLUSION: Extensive transmission of MDR-TB occurred at an out-patient MTP serving numerous clients with HIV infection. This outbreak underscores the importance of developing effective strategies to prevent TB transmission in this setting. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, TB Control Program, Chicago, IL USA. RP Ridzon, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Mailstop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 5 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 426QC UT WOS:000168359000009 PM 11263518 ER PT J AU Kramer, MH Quade, G Hartemann, P Exner, M AF Kramer, MH Quade, G Hartemann, P Exner, M TI Waterborne diseases in Europe - 1986-96 SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS INTESTINAL DISEASE; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION; SURVEILLANCE; OUTBREAK; ENGLAND; ILLNESS C1 Univ Bonn, Inst Hyg, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bonn, Inst Med Stat Documentat & Data Proc, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Nancy 1, Dept Environm & Publ Hlth, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Nancy, France. RP Kramer, MH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Mailstop K-72,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 93 IS 1 BP 48 EP 53 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 434VL UT WOS:000168836500014 ER PT J AU Strauss, RP Sengupta, S Kegeles, S McLellan, E Metzger, D Eyre, S Khanani, F Emrick, CB MacQueen, KM AF Strauss, RP Sengupta, S Kegeles, S McLellan, E Metzger, D Eyre, S Khanani, F Emrick, CB MacQueen, KM TI Willingness to volunteer in future preventive HIV vaccine trials: Issues and perspectives from three US communities SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV vaccine; freelisting; research participation; qualitative research; HIV/AIDS ID EFFICACY TRIALS; UNITED-STATES; MEN; PARTICIPATE; RISK; GAY AB This study examined perceived risks, benefits. and desired information related to willingness to volunteer in preventive HIV vaccine trials. Sample: Purposive sampling was used to select 90 participants among injecting drug users (Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A.); gay men (San Francisco, CA, U.S.A.); and black Americans (Durham, NC, U.S.A.). Methods: A qualitative interview guide elicited perceived benefits, risks, and desired information relating to trial participation. Themes were developed from the transcribed texts and from freelists. Results: Stated willingness to volunteer in a preventive HIV vaccine trial was similar across the three communities. Eight perceived benefits were reported, including self-benefits, altruism, and stopping the spread of AIDS. Seven perceived risks were reported, including negative side effects and vaccine safety issues, contracting HIV from the vaccine, and social stigmatization. Participants voiced the desire for eight types of information about issues relating to trust and confidentiality in the research process, health complications and later assistance, and vaccine trial methodology. Conclusions: In this study, many benefits as well as risks of preventive HIV vaccine trial participation were cited. Scientists conducting preventive HIV vaccine trials need to address community perceptions of risks and provide information about the research if trial enrollment is to be diverse and successful. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Dent, Dept Dent Ecol, Ctr AIDS Res, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Study Addict, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Adolescent Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Med Anthropol Program, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Natl Ctr HIV Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Pre, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. TRW Co Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Strauss, RP (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Dent, Dept Dent Ecol, Ctr AIDS Res, CB 7450, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. OI McLellan-Lemal, Eleanor/0000-0002-1884-9315 FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU310867, U48/CCU409660, U64/CCU910851] NR 19 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1 BP 63 EP 71 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 393YQ UT WOS:000166497600008 PM 11176270 ER PT J AU Reisler, RB Thea, DM Pliner, V Green, T Lee, F Nesheim, S Brown, T Kalish, M Folks, TM Heneine, W AF Reisler, RB Thea, DM Pliner, V Green, T Lee, F Nesheim, S Brown, T Kalish, M Folks, TM Heneine, W CA PACTS Members TI Early detection of reverse transcriptase activity in plasma of neonates infected with HIV-1: A comparative analysis with RNA-based and DNA-based testing using polymerase chain reaction SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections CY FEB 01-05, 1998 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DE viral load; HIV-1 DNA; PCR-HIV-1; RNA PCR; Amp-RT reverse transcriptase; neonates; PACTS; HIV-1 diagnosis; HIV-1 prognosis; sensitivity ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; DISEASE PROGRESSION; TRUNCATED DATA; RISK-FACTORS; P24 ANTIGEN; VIRAL LOAD; INFANTS; TRANSMISSION; CHILDREN; DIAGNOSIS AB Plasma viral load from 71 HIV-1-infected neonates was measured by using Amp-RT, an ultrasensitive quantitative reverse transcriptase (RT) assay and by nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), an RNA-based quantitative assay. Results were then compared with those obtained from detection of proviral DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using Turnbull analysis. At 5 days of life, 50% of neonates were positive by Amp-RT, 30% were NASBA positive, and 20% were DNA-PCR positive. Through the first 12 days of life, Amp-RT was more sensitive than either NASBA or DNA-PCR in detecting HIV-1 infection. Amp-RT values correlated well with NASBA RNA values, with an overall Pearson's r = 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40-0.78). In proportional hazards analysis of infants aged 14 to 61 days (N = 31), a one-log increase in RNA-based viral load was associated with a > fivefold risk of disease progression when using the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) clinical Category C (CDC-C) or death as an endpoint (p = .014). Kaplan-Meier analysis of these data found that RNA viral loads were able to predict disease progression using CDC-C/death as an endpoint (p = .013). Early quantitative viral load measurements may assist clinicians in diagnosing HIV-1 infection, stratifying risk of disease progression, and implementing a treatment plan using highly active antiretroviral therapy for infants within the first few weeks of life. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Med & Hlth Res Associat, New York, NY USA. CDC, Off Director, DASTLR, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Heneine, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU PHS HHS [U64 CCU 404456, U64 CCU 200937] NR 44 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1 BP 93 EP 102 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 393YQ UT WOS:000166497600011 PM 11176273 ER PT J AU Ashley, K Andrews, RN Cavazos, L Demange, M AF Ashley, K Andrews, RN Cavazos, L Demange, M TI Ultrasonic extraction as a sample preparation technique for elemental analysis by atomic spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY FEB 04-08, 2001 CL LILLEHAMMER, NORWAY ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS; INDUSTRIAL-HYGIENE SAMPLES; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; ONLINE PRECONCENTRATION; STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; SOLID SAMPLES; HEAVY-METALS; SPECIATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB This work presents performance data after ultrasonic extraction (UE) for the elemental analysis of a number of metal species in samples of interest in environmental and occupational health. In this study, several National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Materials(R) (SRMs) were subjected to UE in various acid solutions. The extraction solutions employed were 25% nitric acid (v/v), 25% nitric-hydrochloric acids (v/v) and concentrated nitric-hydrochloric acids (1:1). NIST SRMs 1648, 1579a, 2583, 2704, 2710, 3087a, and 8074 were subjected to these acid conditions and ultrasonic energy (about 1 W cm(-2)), and elemental recoveries were determined following analysis by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Observed recoveries were higher overall with HNO3-HCl mixtures than with nitric acid alone, and recoveries were generally higher for concentrated acid mixtures. Recoveries of > 80% could be achieved for some elements (As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn) when using acidic ultrasonic treatment with no deliberately added heating, even under diluted acid conditions. However, several elements (Ba, Co, Cr, Fe, Mg, Ni, V) yielded v 75% recoveries when using sonication without deliberate heating, even in concentrated HNO3-HCl. For comparison with UE, selected SRMs were subjected to acid leaching (no sonication) in the above acid solutions. Elemental recoveries from acid leaching without sonication were generally lower overall when compared to results obtained from UE, thereby demonstrating the effect of ultrasound for the dissolution of target analytes. Sonication of chromate-containing certified reference materials and certified filter samples (European Commission Certified Reference Material 545) in slightly basic buffer solutions was shown to be effective for the complete ( 90%) dissolution of hexavalent chromium (Cr-VI) from both soluble (potassium chromate) and insoluble (lead chromate) Cr-VI reference sources. Sonication in HNO3-HF was used to extract Cd, Fe, Pb and Zn from aerosol filters, water rinsates and aerosol samplers alone; ICP-AES was used for elemental measurement. Sample losses were found for these four elements from rinsates and samples following removal of the aerosol filter, thereby demonstrating the utility of carrying out sonication directly within the aerosol sampler containing the filter. It is hypothesized that UE will be increasingly used for analytical sample preparation purposes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Inst Natl Rech & Secur, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. RP Ashley, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 52 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2001 VL 16 IS 10 BP 1147 EP 1153 DI 10.1039/b102027g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 484UJ UT WOS:000171707700007 ER PT J AU Fries, I de Ruijter, A Paxton, RJ da Silva, AJ Slemenda, SB Pieniazek, NJ AF Fries, I de Ruijter, A Paxton, RJ da Silva, AJ Slemenda, SB Pieniazek, NJ TI Molecular characterization of Nosema bombi (Microsporidia : Nosematidae) and a note on its sites of infection in Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera : Apoidea) SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Microsporidia; Nosema bombi; spores; bumble bees; Bombus; ultrastructure; nucleotide sequencing; genes; small subunit rRNA; parasites ID BUMBLE BEES; APIS Z; IDENTIFICATION; PSITHYRUS; PARASITE; APIDAE; SPORES AB Investigations of queen, worker and male bumble bees (Bombus terrestris) showed that all individuals became infected with Nosema bombi. Infections were found in Malpighian tubules, thorax muscles, fat body tissue and nerve tissue, including the brain. Ultrastructural studies revealed thin walled emptied spores in host cell cytoplasm interpreted as autoinfective spores, besides normal spores (environmental spores) intended for parasite transmission between hosts. The nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for the small subunit rRNA (SSU-rRNA) from Microsporidia isolated from B. terrestris, B. lucorum, and B. hortorum were identical, providing evidence that N. bombi infects multiple hosts. The sequence presented here (GenBank Accession no AY008373) is different from an earlier submission to GenBank (Accession no U26158) of a partial sequence of the same gene based on material collected from B. terrestris. It still remains to be investigated if there is species diversity among Microsporidia found in bumble bees. C1 Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Entomol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Ambrosiushoeve, NL-5081 Hilvarenbeek, Netherlands. Univ Tubingen, Inst Zool, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fries, I (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Entomol, Box 7044, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Paxton, Robert/D-7082-2015 OI Paxton, Robert/0000-0003-2517-1351 NR 30 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 8 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2001 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 91 EP 96 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 598PW UT WOS:000178286500002 ER PT J AU Moorman, JE Mannino, DM AF Moorman, JE Mannino, DM TI Increasing US asthma mortality rates: Who is really dying? SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE asthma; mortality; epidemiology; death rate ID ACCURACY; DEATHS AB Asthma mortality rates have been increasing since 1979, but rates of change among different demographic subgroups have not been examined in detail. This analysis identifies the demographic subgroups that are most responsible for the increase in asthma mortality rates in the United States between 1979 and 1996. The analysis is limited to those death certificates that specified asthma as the underlying cause of death. Blacks, females, and people aged 65 and older had the largest increases in age-adjusted asthma mortality rates between 1979 and 1996. When all three demographic variables are considered simultaneously, black females aged 65 years and older had the highest crude asthma mortality rates in 1996 and the largest increase in rates since 1979. However white females aged 65 years and older contributed the most to the increase in age-adjusted rates between 1979 and 1996 because of their relatively larger population size. Overall, the increase in asthma mortality rates between 1979 and 1996 was due primarily to increased mortality rates in the population subgroup aged 65 years and older Even though the vapid increase in asthma mortality rates in those aged 65 years and older shows evidence of a slight reversal after 1989, efforts to develop strategies to reduce overall mortality from asthma should concentrate on middle-aged and elderly women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Moorman, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop E-17,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 13 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1081/JAS-100000023 PG 7 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 409WY UT WOS:000167409700007 PM 11256556 ER PT J AU Boss, LP Kreutzer, RA Luttinger, D Leighton, J Wilcox, K Redd, SC AF Boss, LP Kreutzer, RA Luttinger, D Leighton, J Wilcox, K Redd, SC TI The public health surveillance of asthma SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE asthma; surveillance ID GUIDELINES; THERAPY AB Asthma is a highly prevalent disease that affects the quality of life of many people in the United States. Yet there is limited descriptive epidemiological understanding of the disease, particularly at the state and local levels. Minimal surveillance of asthma is occurring across the country. Surveillance of a disease requires that public health workers have the ability to accurately identify cases, have access to needed data, and have adequate resources so that they can collect, assess, report, and use the data-all considerable challenges in the case of asthma. We consider four groups of questions that asthma surveillance should address: (1) How much asthma is there and what are the trends in asthma occurrence over time? (2) How severe is the asthma and what are the trends in asthma severity over time ? (3) How well is asthma controlled and what are the trends in asthma management over time ? (4) What is the cost of asthma Because wise decision making in public health depends on the availability of appropriate data for program planning, implementation and evaluation we encourage increased surveillance of asthma in jurisdictions across the country. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Boss, LP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, MS E-171600 Clifton Rd,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1081/JAS-100000025 PG 7 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 409WY UT WOS:000167409700009 PM 11256558 ER PT J AU Saijo, M Niikura, M Morikawa, S Ksiazek, TG Meyer, RF Peters, CJ Kurane, I AF Saijo, M Niikura, M Morikawa, S Ksiazek, TG Meyer, RF Peters, CJ Kurane, I TI Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of antibodies to Ebola and Marburg viruses using recombinant nucleoproteins SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; EXPRESSION VECTORS; ZAIRE; KIKWIT; MONKEYS; CONGO; SUDAN; GENE C1 Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Virol 1, Special Pathogens Lab, Tokyo 2080011, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Morikawa, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Virol 1, Special Pathogens Lab, Gakuen 4-7-1, Tokyo 2080011, Japan. EM morikawa@nih.go.jp NR 24 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 39 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.1.1-7.2001 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 393KZ UT WOS:000166468900001 PM 11136739 ER PT J AU Herwaldt, BL de Arroyave, KR Wahlquist, SP de Merida, AM Lopez, AS Juranek, DD AF Herwaldt, BL de Arroyave, KR Wahlquist, SP de Merida, AM Lopez, AS Juranek, DD TI Multiyear prospective study of intestinal parasitism in a cohort of Peace Corps Volunteers in Guatemala SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN FECAL SPECIMENS; BLASTOCYSTIS-HOMINIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATHOGEN; ETIOLOGY; GIARDIA AB We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study in a cohort of 36 Peace Corps volunteers (PCVs) in Guatemala to study the incidence and natural history of intestinal parasitic infections during the PCVs' >2-year overseas stay. PCVs collected stool specimens at least monthly and when ill with gastrointestinal symptoms. Of the 1,168 specimens tested, 453 (38.8%) were positive for at least one parasite and 18 ( 4.1%) were positive for a pathogenic parasite. A median interval of 187 days (range, 14 to 752 days) elapsed before the first documented parasitic infection, and the median intervals from arrival until subsequent infections (e.g., second or third) were >300 days. The PCVs had 116 episodes of infection with II parasites, including up to 4 episodes per PCV with specific nonpathogens and Blastocystis hominis. The incidence, in episodes per 100 person-years, was highest for B. hominis (65), followed by Entamoeba coli (31), Cryptosporidium parvum (17), and Entamoeba hartmanni (17), The PCVs' B, hominis episodes lasted 6,809 person-days (28.7% of the 23,689 person-days in the study), the E. coli episodes lasted 2,055 person-days (8.7%), and each of the other types of episodes lasted <2% of the person-days in the study. Gastrointestinal symptoms were somewhat more common and more persistent, but not significantly so, in association with pathogen episodes than with B. hominis and nonpathogen episodes. Although infections with pathogenic parasites could account for only a minority of the PCVs' diarrheal episodes, the continued acquisition of parasitic infections throughout the PCVs' 22-year stay in Guatemala suggests that PCVs repeatedly had fecal exposures and thus were at risk for infections with both parasitic and nonparasitic pathogens throughout their overseas service. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Valle, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Peace Corps Med Off, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RP Herwaldt, BL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 39 IS 1 BP 34 EP 42 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.1.34-42.2001 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 393KZ UT WOS:000166468900006 PM 11136744 ER PT J AU Popovic, T Schmink, S Rosenstein, NA Ajello, GW Reeves, MW Plikaytis, B Hunter, SB Ribot, EM Boxrud, D Tondella, ML Kim, C Noble, C Mothershed, E Besser, J Perkins, BA AF Popovic, T Schmink, S Rosenstein, NA Ajello, GW Reeves, MW Plikaytis, B Hunter, SB Ribot, EM Boxrud, D Tondella, ML Kim, C Noble, C Mothershed, E Besser, J Perkins, BA TI Evaluation of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in epidemiological investigations of meningococcal disease outbreaks caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; CLONAL RELATIONSHIPS; POPULATION-GENETICS; UNITED-STATES; STRAINS AB Since 1990, the frequency of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C (NMSC) outbreaks in the United States has increased. Based on multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE), the current molecular subtyping standard, most of the NMSC outbreaks have been caused by isolates of several closely related electrophoretic types (ETs) within the ET-37 complex. We chose 66 isolates from four well-described NMSC outbreaks that occurred in the United States from 1993 to 1995 to evaluate the potential of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to identify outbreak-related isolates specific for each of the four outbreaks and to differentiate between them and 50 sporadic isolates collected during the outbreak investigations or through active laboratory-based surveillance from 1989 to 1996. We tested all isolates collected during the outbreak investigations by four other molecular subtyping methods: MEE, ribotyping (ClaI), random amplified polymorphic DNA assay (two primers), and serotyping and serosubtyping. Among the 116 isolates, we observed 11 clusters of 39 NheI PFGE patterns. Excellent correlation between the PFGE and the epidemiological data was observed, with an overall sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 71% at the 95% pattern relatedness breakpoint using either 1.5 or 1.0% tolerance. For all four analyzed outbreaks, PFGE would have given public health officials additional support in declaring an outbreak and making appropriate public health decisions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Invest Lab, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, DBMD,NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Popovic, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Invest Lab, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, DBMD,NCID, Bldg 5,Room 346,MS D11,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 64 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 39 IS 1 BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.1.75-85.2001 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 393KZ UT WOS:000166468900014 PM 11136752 ER PT J AU Loparev, VN Massung, RF Esposito, JJ Meyer, H AF Loparev, VN Massung, RF Esposito, JJ Meyer, H TI Detection and differentiation of Old World orthopoxviruses: Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the crmB gene region SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; VACCINIA VIRUS; DNA; SEQUENCE; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; POXVIRUSES; VIRULENCE; SMALLPOX; PROTEIN AB A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay was developed to identify and differentiate Old World, African-Eurasian orthopoxviruses (OPV): variola, vaccinia, cowpox, monkeypox, camelpox, ectromelia, and taterapox viruses. The test uses amplicons produced from virus genome DNA by PCR with a consensus primer pair designed from sequences determined for the cytokine response modifier B (crmB) gene of 43 different OPV strains of known taxonomic origin, The primer pair amplified a single specific product from each of the 115 OPV samples tested. Size-specific amplicons identified and differentiated ectromelia and vaccinia virus strains, which contain a truncated crmB gene, and enabled their differentiation front other OPV species, Restriction digests of amplified products allowed the identification and differentiation of variola, monkeypox, camelpox, vaccinia, and cowpox virus species and strains. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Fed Armed Forces Med Acad, Inst Microbiol, D-80937 Munich, Germany. RP Loparev, VN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, MS D-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 39 IS 1 BP 94 EP 100 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.1.94-100.2001 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 393KZ UT WOS:000166468900017 PM 11136755 ER PT J AU Tenover, FC Mohammed, MJ Stelling, J O'Brien, T Williams, R AF Tenover, FC Mohammed, MJ Stelling, J O'Brien, T Williams, R TI Ability of laboratories to detect emerging antimicrobial resistance: Proficiency testing and quality control results from the World Health Organization's External Quality Assurance System for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASES; DISK SCREENING-TEST; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; UNITED-STATES; DECREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY; PENICILLIN-RESISTANT; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; PNEUMOCOCCAL MENINGITIS; MULTICENTER EVALUATION; MEDICAL-CENTER AB The accuracy of antimicrobial susceptibility data submitted by microbiology laboratories to national and international surveillance systems has been debated for a number of years. To assess the accuracy of data submitted to the World Health Organization by users of the WHONET software, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention distributed six bacterial isolates representing key antimicrobial-resistance phenotypes to approximately 130 laboratories, ail but one of which were outside of the United States, for antimicrobial susceptibility testing as part of the World Health Organization's External Quality Assurance System for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Each laboratory also was asked to submit 10 consecutive quality control values for several key organism-drug combinations. Most laboratories were able to detect methicillin (oxacillin) resistance in Staphylococcus arureus, high-level vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium, and resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Many laboratories, particularly those using disk diffusion tests, had difficulty in recognizing reduced susceptibility to penicillin in an isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The most difficult phenotype for laboratories to detect was reduced susceptibility to vancomycin in an isolate of Staphylococcus epidermidis. The proficiency testing challenge also included a request for biochemical identification of a gram-negative bacillus, which most laboratories recognized as Enterobacter cloacae. Although only a small subset of laboratories have submitted their quality control data, it is clear that many of these laboratories generate disk diffusion results for oxacillin when testing S. aureus ATCC 25923 and S, pneumoniae ATCC 49619 that are outside of the acceptable quality control range. The narrow quality control range for vancomycin also proved to be a challenge for many of the laboratories submitting data; approximately 27% of results were out of range. Thus, it is important to establish the proficiency of laboratories submitting data to surveillance systems in which the organisms are tested locally, particularly for penicillin resistance in pneumococci and glycopeptide resistance in staphylococci. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, Collaborating Ctr Global Antimicrobial Resistance, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Brigham & Womens Hosp, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Surveillance Antimicrobial Resi, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Williams, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nosocomial Pathogens Lab Branch G08, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 58 TC 70 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 39 IS 1 BP 241 EP 250 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.1.241-250.2001 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 393KZ UT WOS:000166468900040 PM 11136778 ER PT J AU Brener, ND Wilson, TW AF Brener, ND Wilson, TW TI Substance use on school property among students attending alternative high schools in the United States SO JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID HEALTH RISK BEHAVIORS; DRUG-USE; TOBACCO USE; SMOKING; YOUTH; RELIABILITY; INITIATION; ALCOHOL AB We analyzed nationally representative data from the 1998 National Alternative High School Youth Risk Behavior Survey, conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, to determine the prevalence of substance use on school property among alternative high school students in the United States, to describe the characteristics of students who use substances on school property, and to examine the interrelationships of substance-use behaviors. During the 30 days preceding the survey, nearly 48 percent of students used at least one substance on school property and 17 percent used more than one substance on school property. Males were more likely than females and white students were more likely than black or Hispanic students to have used substances on school property. The results of this and other studies suggest that school administrators, public health practitioners, and policy makers should work to improve strategies for reducing substance use in this heterogeneous, hard-to-reach population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Brener, ND (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 10 PU BAYWOOD PUBL CO INC PI AMITYVILLE PA 26 AUSTIN AVE, AMITYVILLE, NY 11701 USA SN 0047-2379 J9 J DRUG EDUC JI J. Drug Educ. PY 2001 VL 31 IS 4 BP 329 EP 342 DI 10.2190/KQJ1-Q2FY-YNJC-ELB1 PG 14 WC Substance Abuse; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Substance Abuse; Education & Educational Research GA 540AE UT WOS:000174905100003 PM 11957389 ER PT J AU Martinez, AJ Schuster, FL Visvesvara, GS AF Martinez, AJ Schuster, FL Visvesvara, GS TI Balamuthia mandrillaris: its pathogenic potential SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 13-16, 2001 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Cincinnati ID GRANULOMATOUS AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS; FREE-LIVING AMEBA; LEPTOMYXID-AMEBA; OPPORTUNISTIC AMEBAS; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; AGENT; ANIMALS; HUMANS; PATIENT; AIDS C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Div Neuropathol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Martinez, AJ (reprint author), Presbyterian Univ Hosp, Div Neuropathol, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2001 SU S BP 6S EP 9S PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 531MN UT WOS:000174419300003 ER PT J AU Schuster, FL Glaser, C Gilliam, S Visvesvara, GS AF Schuster, FL Glaser, C Gilliam, S Visvesvara, GS TI Survey of sera from encephalitis patients for Balamuthia mandrillaris antibody SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 13-16, 2001 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Cincinnati ID AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; ANIMALS; HUMANS; AGENT C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schuster, FL (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2001 SU S BP 10S EP 12S PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 531MN UT WOS:000174419300004 ER PT J AU Glaberman, S Sulaiman, IM Bern, C Limor, J Peng, MM Morgan, U Gilman, R Lal, AA Xiao, LH AF Glaberman, S Sulaiman, IM Bern, C Limor, J Peng, MM Morgan, U Gilman, R Lal, AA Xiao, LH TI A multilocus genotypic analysis of Cryptosporidium meleagridis SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 13-16, 2001 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Cincinnati DE Cryptosporidium meleagridis; genotyping; diagnosis; zoonosis ID GENE; BIRDS AB Cryptosporidium meleagridis is a common cause of cryptosporidiosis in birds. In addition, recent reports have described the parasite as an etiologic agent of cryptosporidiosis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised humans. Therefore, it is important to genetically characterize isolates of C. meleagridis from different hosts and geographic areas, and to develop molecular tools to differentiate isolates from various hosts or areas. In this study, a total of 11 isolates of Cryptosporidium meleagridis from both human and avian hosts were examined at three genetic loci: the small-subunit rRNA, 60-kDa glycoprotein precursor, and 70-kDa heat shock protein genes. Two genotypes of C. meleagridis were seen at the small-subunit rRNA locus. These differed from each other by the presence or lack of a heterogeneous copy of the gene and an ATT re eat. The 60-kDa glycoprotein precursor gene divided these eleven isolates of C. meleagridis into six genotypes with high sequence diversity between groups. The highest genetic heterogeneity, however, was seen at the 70-kDa heat shock protein locus, and was primarily present at the 3' end of the gene. This heterogeneity separated eight isolates of C. meleagridis into six genotypes. These data could be useful in the development of molecular tools to promote understanding of the transmission of C. meleagridis in humans. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Murdoch Univ, State Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Asociac Benefica Proyectos Informat Salud Med & A, Lima, Peru. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 12 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2001 SU S BP 19S EP 22S PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 531MN UT WOS:000174419300008 ER PT J AU Sulaiman, IM Lal, AA Xiao, LH AF Sulaiman, IM Lal, AA Xiao, LH TI A population genetic study of the Cryptosporidium parvum human genotype parasites SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 13-16, 2001 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Cincinnati ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; BOVINE; HOSTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 12 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2001 SU S BP 24S EP 27S PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 531MN UT WOS:000174419300010 ER PT J AU Peng, MM Matos, O Gatei, W Das, P Stantic-Pavlinic, M Bern, C Sulaiman, IM Glaberman, S Lal, AA Xiao, LH AF Peng, MM Matos, O Gatei, W Das, P Stantic-Pavlinic, M Bern, C Sulaiman, IM Glaberman, S Lal, AA Xiao, LH TI A comparison of Cryptosporidium subgenotypes from several geographic regions SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Opportunistic Pathogens CY JUN 13-16, 2001 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Cincinnati ID PARVUM; GENE; CHILDREN; POLYMORPHISM; INFECTION; PARASITES; GENOTYPES; SEQUENCE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. Inst Higiene & Med Trop, Unidade Protozoarios Oportunistas VIH & Outras Pr, Lisbon, Portugal. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis, Kolkata, W Bengal, India. Inst Publ Hlth Ljubljana, Ctr Epidemiol, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lax0@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; MATOS, OLGA/J-8859-2012 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; NR 15 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1066-5234 EI 1550-7408 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2001 SU S BP 28S EP 31S PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 531MN UT WOS:000174419300011 ER PT J AU Moura, H Visvesvara, GS AF Moura, H Visvesvara, GS TI A proteome approach to the host-parasite interaction of the microsporidian encephalitozoon intestinalis SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 13-16, 2001 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Cincinnati ID ALBICANS IMMUNOGENIC PROTEINS; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; N-SP; AIDS; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; CULTURE; PATIENT; URINE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, NCID BDB, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. State Univ Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Fiocruz MS, HEC, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Moura, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-13, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2001 SU S BP 56S EP 59S PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 531MN UT WOS:000174419300021 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Li, LX Moura, H Sulaiman, IIM Lal, AA Gatti, S Scaglia, M Didier, ES Visvesvara, GS AF Xiao, LH Li, LX Moura, H Sulaiman, IIM Lal, AA Gatti, S Scaglia, M Didier, ES Visvesvara, GS TI Genotyping Encephalitozoon parasites using multilocus analyses of genes with repetitive sequences SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 13-16, 2001 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Cincinnati ID POLAR TUBE PROTEIN; CUNICULI STRAINS; MICROSPORIDIOSIS; HELLEM; HUMANS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Pavia, IRCCS, Lab Clin Parasitol, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Tulane Univ, Delta Reg Primate Res Ctr, Covington, LA 70433 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2001 SU S BP 63S EP 65S PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 531MN UT WOS:000174419300023 ER PT J AU Kucerova-Pospisilova, Z Secor, WE Moura, H Desportes-Livage, I Datry, A Bern, C Leitch, G Visvesvara, GS AF Kucerova-Pospisilova, Z Secor, WE Moura, H Desportes-Livage, I Datry, A Bern, C Leitch, G Visvesvara, GS TI An ELISA test to detect human serum antibodies reactive with Encephalitozoon intestinalis SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 13-16, 2001 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Cincinnati ID CUNICULI; MICROSPORIDIOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; DIARRHEA; PATIENT; AIDS C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Paris 06, INSERM 511, Paris, France. RP Kucerova-Pospisilova, Z (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2001 SU S BP 73S EP 74S PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 531MN UT WOS:000174419300027 ER PT J AU Meshnick, SR Hossler, PA Enger, KS Kazanjian, P Rest, JS Mindell, D Li, BZ Lee, CH Nimri, LF Carter, JL Beard, CB Huang, L AF Meshnick, SR Hossler, PA Enger, KS Kazanjian, P Rest, JS Mindell, D Li, BZ Lee, CH Nimri, LF Carter, JL Beard, CB Huang, L TI Distribution of DHPS mutations among ITS subtypes of P-carinii f. sp hominis SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 13-16, 2001 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Cincinnati ID DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHASE GENE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE VARIATIONS; SULFONE PROPHYLAXIS FAILURES; TRANSCRIBED SPACER REGIONS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII; AIDS PATIENTS; POLYMORPHISMS C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Meshnick, SR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2001 SU S BP 126S EP 128S PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 531MN UT WOS:000174419300050 ER PT J AU Huang, L Friedly, J Morris, AM Carter, JL Turner, JR Merrifield, C Navin, TR Beard, CB AF Huang, L Friedly, J Morris, AM Carter, JL Turner, JR Merrifield, C Navin, TR Beard, CB TI Pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase genotypes in HIV-infected persons residing in San Francisco: Possible implications for disease transmission SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 13-16, 2001 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Cincinnati ID SULFONE PROPHYLAXIS; AIDS PATIENTS; MUTATIONS; GENE C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Huang, L (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2001 SU S BP 137S EP 138S PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 531MN UT WOS:000174419300056 ER PT J AU Huang, L Morris, AM Beard, CB AF Huang, L Morris, AM Beard, CB TI Pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase mutations and treatment with sulfa or sulfone regimens: a proposal for standardized definitions for clinical evaluation SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 13-16, 2001 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Cincinnati ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; AIDS PATIENTS; RESISTANCE; GENE; PROPHYLAXIS; SEQUENCE; SULFADOXINE; MALARIA C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Posit Hlth Program, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Huang, L (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2001 SU S BP 180S EP 181S PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 531MN UT WOS:000174419300079 ER PT J AU Patel, DS Witte, K Zuckerman, C Murray-Johnson, L Orrego, V Maxfield, AM Meadows-Hogan, S Tisdale, J Thimons, ED AF Patel, DS Witte, K Zuckerman, C Murray-Johnson, L Orrego, V Maxfield, AM Meadows-Hogan, S Tisdale, J Thimons, ED TI Understanding barriers to preventive health actions for occupational noise-induced hearing loss SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID CONDOM USE; EXPOSURE; BELIEF; MODEL AB A theoretically based formative evaluation was conducted with coal miners in the Appalachian Mountains who were at high risk for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The results of four focus groups indicate that despite high levels of knowledge, strong perceived severity of negative consequences, and strong perceived susceptibility to hearing loss, two main categories of barriers (environmental and individual) keep coal miners from using their hearing protection devices (HPD). Further analysis suggests that the environmental factors, rather than individual variables, more strongly influence decisions against protective actions. Recommendations and practical implications are offered. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Commun, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Commun, Miami, FL 33152 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Washington, DC USA. NIOSH, Pittsburgh Res Lab, Dust & Toxic Subst Control Branch, Washington, DC USA. RP Patel, DS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Commun, Commun Arts & Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. FU PHS HHS [61-8533] NR 46 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PY 2001 VL 6 IS 2 BP 155 EP 168 DI 10.1080/108107301750254484 PG 14 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 439AL UT WOS:000169086700005 PM 11405079 ER PT J AU Chua, KB Lam, SK Goh, KJ Hooi, PS Ksiazek, TG Kamarulzaman, A Olson, J Tan, CT AF Chua, KB Lam, SK Goh, KJ Hooi, PS Ksiazek, TG Kamarulzaman, A Olson, J Tan, CT TI The presence of Nipah virus in respiratory secretions and urine of patients during an outbreak of Nipah virus encephalitis in Malaysia SO JOURNAL OF INFECTION LA English DT Article ID FATAL ENCEPHALITIS; MORBILLIVIRUS; HORSES; HUMANS; PARAMYXOVIRUS; INFECTION AB Objectives: To study the excretion of Nipah virus in the upper respiratory secretions and urine of infected patients in relation to other clinical features. Methods: Isolation of Nipah virus from the respiratory secretions and urine was made in Vero cells and identified by indirect immunofluorescence assay using anti-Hendra specific hyperimmune mouse ascitic fluid and FITC-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG. Results: During the peak outbreak of Nipah virus encephalitis in Malaysia, Nipah virus was isolated from the upper respiratory secretions and urine in eight of 20 patients who were virologically and/or serologically confirmed to be infected with the virus, From these eight patients, Nipah virus was isolated from sire throat swab specimens, three urine specimens and only one nasal swab specimen. The positive virus isolation rate was related to the collection of these specimens during the early phase of the illness (P = 0.068). The presence of serum anti-Nipah specific IgM appeared to reduce the chance of isolating the virus (P = 0.049). There was no significant difference in the isolation rate with respect to the age, gender, ethnic group and clinical features associated with grave prognosis and mortality outcome of the patients. Conclusion: This study shows that it is possible to be infected from secretions of infected patients, but epidemiological survey on close contacts so far did not suggest that human-to-human transmission is common. (C) 2001 The British Infection Society. C1 Univ Malaya, Fac Med, Dept Med Microbiol, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Univ Malaya, Fac Med, Dept Med, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chua, KB (reprint author), Univ Malaya, Fac Med, Dept Med Microbiol, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. RI LAM, SAI KIT/B-5231-2010; Goh, Khean Jin/D-1990-2010; Hooi, Poh Sim/O-6275-2014 OI Goh, Khean Jin/0000-0001-5416-9627; NR 12 TC 72 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0163-4453 J9 J INFECTION JI J. Infect. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 42 IS 1 BP 40 EP 43 DI 10.1053/jinf.2000.0782 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 409VV UT WOS:000167407100008 PM 11243752 ER PT J AU Shay, DK Holman, RC Roosevelt, GE Clarke, MJ Anderson, LJ AF Shay, DK Holman, RC Roosevelt, GE Clarke, MJ Anderson, LJ TI Bronchiolitis-associated mortality and estimates of respiratory syncytial virus-associated deaths among US children, 1979-1997 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 01-04, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Pediat Acad Soc ID CONGENITAL HEART-DISEASE; CONTROLLED TRIAL; YOUNG-CHILDREN; REFERRAL BIAS; INFECTION; INFANTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; WASHINGTON; RISK; RIBAVIRIN AB A 1985 estimate that 4500 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated deaths occur annually among US children has not been updated using nationally representative data. Thus, 1979-1997 multiple cause-of-death records for children <5 years old listing bronchiolitis, pneumonia, or any respiratory tract disease were examined. Deaths among children associated with any respiratory disease declined from 4631 in 1979 to 2502 in 1997. During the 19-year study period, 1806 bronchiolitis-associated deaths occurred (annual mean, 95 deaths; range, 66-127 deaths). Of these deaths, 1435 (79%) occurred among infants <1 year old. Congenital heart disease, lung disease, or prematurity was listed in death records of 179 (9.9%), 99 (5.5%), and 76 (4.2%) children dying with bronchiolitis, respectively. By applying published proportions of children hospitalized for bronchiolitis or pneumonia who were RSV-infected to bronchiolitis and pneumonia deaths, it was estimated that less than or equal to 510 RSV-associated deaths occurred annually during the study period, fewer than previously estimated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Childrens Mem Hosp, Div Pediat Emergency Med, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. RP Shay, DK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 54 TC 278 Z9 293 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 1 BP 16 EP 22 DI 10.1086/317655 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 385CE UT WOS:000165983400003 PM 11076709 ER PT J AU MacLennan, J Obaro, S Deeks, J Lake, D Elie, C Carlone, G Moxon, ER Greenwood, B AF MacLennan, J Obaro, S Deeks, J Lake, D Elie, C Carlone, G Moxon, ER Greenwood, B TI Immunologic memory 5 years after meningococcal A/C conjugate vaccination in infancy SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Pathogenic Neisseria Conference CY NOV 01-06, 1998 CL NICE, FRANCE ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; A CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; MENINGITIDIS SEROGROUP-A; T-CELL MODULATION; INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; GAMBIAN CHILDREN; INDUCTION; IMMUNIZATION AB Infant vaccination with meningococcal conjugates may provide long-term protection against disease. Antibody levels and immunologic memory were assessed in 5-year-old Gambian children who received meningococcal A/C conjugate vaccination (MenA/C) in infancy. At 2 years, they were randomized to receive a booster of MenA/C (conjugate group), meningococcal A/C polysaccharide (MPS group), or inactivated polio vaccine (IPV group). All groups were revaccinated with 10 mug MPS at 5 years of age, as were 39 previously unvaccinated age-matched control subjects. Before revaccination, titers were higher in the conjugate and MPS groups than in control subjects (P<.001); titers for the IPV group were similar to those for control subjects. Ten days after revaccination, the conjugate and IPV groups had similar serogroup C serum bactericidal antibody titers (3421 vs. 2790, respectively). These levels were significantly higher than those in the MPS (426) and control (485) groups (P<.001). Thus, immunologic memory was sustained for greater than or equal to5 years; however, MPS challenge at 2 years interfered with a subsequent memory response. C1 John Radcliffe Hosp, Dept Pediat, Oxford Vaccine Grp, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. Ctr Stat Med, Oxford, England. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1, England. Med Res Council Labs, Banjul, Gambia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP MacLennan, J (reprint author), John Radcliffe Hosp, Dept Pediat, Oxford Vaccine Grp, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. OI Deeks, Jonathan/0000-0002-8850-1971 NR 41 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 1 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1086/317667 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 385CE UT WOS:000165983400012 PM 11087205 ER PT J AU Olsen, SJ Hansen, GR Bartlett, L Fitzgerald, C Sonder, A Manjrekar, R Riggs, T Kim, J Flahart, R Pezzino, G Swerdlow, DL AF Olsen, SJ Hansen, GR Bartlett, L Fitzgerald, C Sonder, A Manjrekar, R Riggs, T Kim, J Flahart, R Pezzino, G Swerdlow, DL TI An outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni infections associated with food handler contamination: The use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ENTERITIS AB In 1998, an outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni infections occurred in Kansas among persons attending a school luncheon; community cases were also reported. In a cohort study of luncheon attendees, 27 (17%) of 161 persons reported illness. Consuming gravy (relative risk [RR], 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-11.7) or pineapple (RR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.0-5.7) was associated with illness. Both foods were prepared in a kitchen that served 6 other schools where no illness was reported. A cafeteria worker at the luncheon had a diarrheal illness and was the likely source of the outbreak. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of the isolates from the food handler and those of 8 lunch attendees were indistinguishable. Isolates from 4 community patients differed. This was the first use of PFGE in a Campylobacter outbreak in the United States; its use was critical in determining that community cases were not linked. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Child Survival, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prenancy & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kansas Dept Hlth & Environm, Div Hlth & Environm Labs, Topeka, KS USA. Kansas Dept Hlth & Environm, Bur Epidemiol & Dis Prevent, Topeka, KS USA. RP Olsen, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 1 BP 164 EP 167 DI 10.1086/317657 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 385CE UT WOS:000165983400024 PM 11078485 ER PT J AU Yang, J Hooper, WC Phillips, D Talkington, DF AF Yang, J Hooper, WC Phillips, D Talkington, DF TI Regulation of proinflammatory cytokines in human lung epithelial cells by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PY 2001 SU S MA 209 BP 66 EP 66 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA 480UY UT WOS:000171482200209 ER PT J AU Norris, SJ Cox, DL Weinstock, GM AF Norris, SJ Cox, DL Weinstock, GM TI Biology of Treponema pallidum: Correlation of functional activities with genome sequence data SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PENICILLIN-BINDING PROTEINS; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN-1; CULTURED MAMMALIAN-CELLS; HYDROPEROXIDE REDUCTASE FLAVOPROTEIN; ENDOFLAGELLAR SHEATH PROTEIN; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LIMITED SURFACE EXPOSURE; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSE; XYLANUS NADH OXIDASE AB Aspects of the biology of T. pallidum subsp. pallidum, the agent of syphilis, are examined in the context of a century of experimental studies and the recently determined genome sequence. T. pallidum and a group of closely related pathogenic spirochetes have evolved to become highly invasive, persistent pathogens with little toxigenic activity and an inability to survive outside the mammalian host. Analysis of the genome sequence confirms morphologic studies indicating the lack of lipopolysaccharide and lipid biosynthesis mechanisms, as well as a paucity of outer membrane protein candidates. The metabolic capabilities and adaptability of T. pallidum are minimal, and this relative deficiency is reflected by the absence of many pathways, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, components of oxidative phosphorylation, and most biosynthetic pathways. Although multiplication of T. pallidum has been obtained in a tissue culture system, continuous in vitro culture has not been achieved. The balance of oxygen utilization and toxicity is key to the survival and growth of T. pallidum, and the genome sequence reveals a similarity to lactic acid bacteria that may be useful in understanding this relationship. The identification of relatively few genes potentially involved in pathogenesis reflects our lack of understanding of invasive pathogens relative to toxigenic organisms. The genome sequence will provide useful raw data for additional functional studies on the structure, metabolism, and pathogenesis of this enigmatic organism. C1 Univ Texas, Houston Med Sch, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Houston, TX 77225 USA. Univ Texas, Houston Med Sch, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77225 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Norris, SJ (reprint author), Univ Texas, Houston Med Sch, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, POB 20708, Houston, TX 77225 USA. OI Norris, Steven/0000-0002-2501-8034 NR 272 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 11 PU HORIZON SCIENTIFIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA PO BOX 1, NORFOLK, WYMONDHAM NR18 0JA, ENGLAND SN 1464-1801 J9 J MOL MICROB BIOTECH JI J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 3 IS 1 BP 37 EP 62 PG 26 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 408GB UT WOS:000167317200003 PM 11200228 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SA Fernhoff, PM Scanlon, KS AF Rasmussen, SA Fernhoff, PM Scanlon, KS TI Vitamin B-12 deficiency in children and adolescents SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSCOBALAMIN-II DEFICIENCY; COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; FOLIC-ACID; METHYLMALONIC ACIDURIA; FOLATE-DEFICIENCY; SCREENING-PROGRAM; INFANTS; MALABSORPTION; SERUM; FORTIFICATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects Child Dev & Disabil & Hlth, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Med Genet, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rasmussen, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects Child Dev & Disabil & Hlth, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS-F45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Rasmussen, Sonja/0000-0002-0574-4928 NR 65 TC 73 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 138 IS 1 BP 10 EP 17 DI 10.1067/mpd.2001.112160 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 393PK UT WOS:000166478700004 PM 11148506 ER PT J AU Mohammed, NB Ali, RN Anandakumar, C Qureshi, RN Luby, S AF Mohammed, NB Ali, RN Anandakumar, C Qureshi, RN Luby, S TI Management trend and safety of vaginal delivery for term breech fetuses in a tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan SO JOURNAL OF PERINATAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE breech presentation; cesarean section; management trend; maternal mortality and morbidity; neonatal mortality and morbidity and vaginal delivery ID CESAREAN-SECTION; RANDOMIZED MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; INFANTS; DEATH; MORBIDITY AB Aim: To investigate the safety of vaginal delivery for term breech fetuses in a tertiary-care hospital of Pakistan. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of all live singleton breech deliveries at or beyond 37 weeks of gestation, at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January 1988 to December 1995. Results: Rate of cesarean section increased from 48% (1988) to 74% (1995). Out of 287 subjects, 158 underwent elective cesarean section while 129 received a trial of labor, 77% of which delivered vaginally. There was no neonatal or maternal death. Compared to babies delivered by emergency or elective cesarean section, those delivered vaginally had significantly more neonatal intensive-care unit admissions (none and 5% versus 13%) and higher rates of birth trauma (none and 0.6% versus 7%). However, there was no significant difference in the Apgar score at 5 minutes and the risk of maternal complications by delivery mode. Conclusion: Allowing trial of labor to carefully selected mothers can result in vaginal delivery in 77% of the cases. However, the risk of trauma and neonatal intensive-care unit admissions, among vaginal births may favor the decision of elective cesarean section, unless rigorous pre-delivery assessment and conduct of delivery by adequately trained obstetricians is performed. C1 Natl Univ Singapore Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Singapore 119074, Singapore. Aga Khan Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Karachi, Pakistan. Aga Khan Univ, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Karachi, Pakistan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Food Borne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mohammed, NB (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0300-5577 J9 J PERINAT MED JI J. Perinat. Med. PY 2001 VL 29 IS 3 BP 250 EP 259 DI 10.1515/JPM.2001.036 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 448QK UT WOS:000169639000012 PM 11447931 ER PT J AU Hackman, ST Frazelle, EH Griffin, PM Griffin, SO Vlasta, DA AF Hackman, ST Frazelle, EH Griffin, PM Griffin, SO Vlasta, DA TI Benchmarking warehousing and distribution operations: An input-output approach SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE efficiency analysis; data envelopment analysis; benchmarking ID DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS; EFFICIENCY; PERFORMANCE AB We develop an input-output model of a warehouse system to assess operational efficiency. Our model simultaneously accounts for all of the critical resources (labor, space, storage and handling equipment) and the different workload requirements (broken case, full case and pallet picking, storage and order accumulation) of a warehouse. We collected extensive data on 57 warehouse and distribution facilities from a variety of industries, including auto parts, dental and office supplies, electronics, fine papers, hardware, health care, industrial packaging, mail order apparel, office machines, photographic supplies, and wholesale drugs, and used the model to assess and compare their efficiencies. We offer 3 conclusions based on a statistical analysis of the operating efficiencies obtained from several models: Smaller warehouses tend to be more efficient than larger warehouses. Warehouses using lower levels of automation tend to be more efficient. This association is more pronounced in small firms. Unionization is not negatively associated with efficiency and in fact may actually contribute to higher efficiency. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Logist Resources Int Inc, Atlanta, GA 30326 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Experian Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hackman, ST (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 23 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0895-562X J9 J PROD ANAL JI J. Prod. Anal. PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 79 EP 100 DI 10.1023/A:1011155320454 PG 22 WC Business; Economics; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 439YW UT WOS:000169146000005 ER PT J AU Beeker, C Kraft, JM Goldman, R Jorgensen, C AF Beeker, C Kraft, JM Goldman, R Jorgensen, C TI Strategies for increasing colorectal cancer screening among African Americans SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOCIAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE colorectal cancer screening; African Americans; community interventions ID BREAST-CANCER; SMOKING-CESSATION; HEALTH PROMOTION; BEHAVIOR-CHANGE; COMMUNITY; WOMEN; OLDER; PREVENTION; EDUCATION; PROGRAM AB African Americans bear a disproportionate burden of mortality from colorectal cancer. Because the majority of excess deaths are linked to delayed detection (after the cancer has spread), interventions to promote acceptance of and compliance with screening are urgently needed. This article considers strategies to overcome barriers to screening for colorectal cancer among African Americans. The authors draw attention to the barriers that may be more influential among African Americans than in other groups: for example, fear of cancer, fatalism, reliance on self-care, limited opportunities to screen, and inadequate provider-patient communication. Previous efforts to promote screening for breast cancer and other health behaviors suggest that community-based approaches designed to effect mutually reinforcing changes at the individual, community, and health care system levels may be best suited to raise awareness of colorectal cancer, promote acceptance of screening, and facilitate compliance in African American Communities. C1 CDCP, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Urban Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Commun & Behav Sci Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Brown Univ, Mem Hosp Rhode Isl, Dept Family Med, Pawtucket, RI 02860 USA. RP Beeker, C (reprint author), CDCP, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Urban Res Ctr, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-K73, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 77 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0734-7332 J9 J PSYCHOSOC ONCOL JI J. Psychosoc. Oncol. PY 2001 VL 19 IS 3-4 BP 113 EP 132 DI 10.1300/J077v19n03_09 PG 20 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 501KL UT WOS:000172683800009 ER PT J AU Vijapurkar, UP Gotway, CA AF Vijapurkar, UP Gotway, CA TI Assessment of forecasts and forecast uncertainty using generalized linear regression models for time series count data SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL COMPUTATION AND SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE prediction; GEE; quasi-likelihood ID PREDICTION AB This paper evaluates a prediction methodology for forecasting non-Gaussian time series count data using quasi-likelihood regression models. A detailed simulation study is used to assess the accuracy of forecasts from the quasi-likelihood predictor, and to study the effect of several different specifications of the variance-covariance matrix in the quasi-likelihood approach. Effects due to the strength of the autocorrelation and overdispersion on the accuracy of the forecasts are also investigated. Forecasts and forecast uncertainty obtained using the quasi-likelihood predictor are also compared to those obtained using the traditional best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP). Results from this investigation show that the quasi-likelihood predictors give fairly accurate results in a variety of situations and give more accurate forecasts than the BLUP, regardless of the magnitude of the overdispersion, the strength of the autocorrelation, or the nature of the mean function. These results also show that the measure of forecast error associated with the quasi-likelihood predictor more realistically reflects the true variability in the forecast error than that corresponding to the BLUP. Overall, the quasi-likelihood prediction methodology is fairly accurate for forecasting time series count data and may also be an accurate and flexible approach for forecasting other types of non-Gaussian time series data. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RW Johnson Pharmaceut Res Inst, Raritan, NJ 08869 USA. RP Gotway, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mail Stop E70,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH PUBLISHING, TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, 8TH FL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0094-9655 J9 J STAT COMPUT SIM JI J. Stat. Comput. Simul. PY 2001 VL 68 IS 4 BP 321 EP 349 DI 10.1080/00949650108812074 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 436BB UT WOS:000168915700002 ER PT J AU O'Leary, A AF O'Leary, A TI Substance use and HIV - Disentagling the nexus of risk SO JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ALCOHOL MYOPIA; BEHAVIOR C1 CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Natl Ctr STD HIV & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP O'Leary, A (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Natl Ctr STD HIV & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MSE 37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0899-3289 J9 J SUBST ABUSE JI J. SUBST. ABUSE PY 2001 VL 13 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/S0899-3289(01)00075-X PG 3 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 467AF UT WOS:000170677800001 PM 11547611 ER PT J AU Latka, M Ahern, J Garfein, RS Ouellet, L Kerndt, P Morse, P Farshy, CE Des Jarlais, DC Vlahov, D AF Latka, M Ahern, J Garfein, RS Ouellet, L Kerndt, P Morse, P Farshy, CE Des Jarlais, DC Vlahov, D TI Prevalence, incidence, and correlates of chlamydia and gonorrhea among young adult injection drug users SO JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE LA English DT Article DE sexually transmitted disease; chlamydia; gonorrhea; injection drug use; prevalence ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; RISK BEHAVIORS; HIV-INFECTION; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; TRACHOMATIS; CITY; SEX; POPULATIONS; ASSAYS AB Purpose: To measure prevalence, incidence, and correlates of chlamydia and gonorrhea among injection drug users (IDUs). Methods: Participants (n=2129; 63% male, 52% white, ages 18-30 years) in five US cities were tested for chlamydia and gonorrhea by urine LCR assay and completed a standardized questionnaire about demographics and recent sexual behavior. Logistic regression identified correlates of prevalent infection; incidence rates were calculated from 6-month follow-up data. Results: Chlamydia prevalence was 5.2% and did not differ by gender. Gonorrhea prevalence was 0.2% among men and 2.0% among women, P < .001. Among men, younger age [OR (95% CI): 0.89 (0.83-0.96)], age at sexual debut [0.91 (0.83-0.99)], and African American race [2.92 (1.53-5.59)] were associated with chlamydia. Among women, age at sexual debut [1.16 (1.02-1.31)] and commercial sex [1.96 (1.03-3.74)] were associated with chlamydia, and with gonorrhea [1.27 (1.04-1.56)] and [5.17 (1.66-16.11)], respectively. At 6 months, the cumulative incidence of chlamydia was 1.7% among men and 4.4% among women, P=.03: no men and 1.3% of women tested positive for gonorrhea, P=.01. Implications: Prevalence and correlates of chlamydia and gonorrhea were similar to other samples, suggesting that screening criteria need not be modified for IDU populations. The number of behavioral correlates identified was limited, perhaps unmeasured sexual-network-level factors play a role in determining sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevalence. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Community Outreach Intervent Project, Chicago, IL USA. Univ So Calif, Div Infect Dis, Los Angeles, CA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Med Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Lab Res, Div AIDS STD TB, Atlanta, GA USA. Beth Israel Med Ctr, Edmond Rothschild Fdn, Chem Dependency Unit, New York, NY USA. RP Latka, M (reprint author), New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, 1216 5th Ave,Rm 556, New York, NY 10029 USA. NR 33 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0899-3289 J9 J SUBST ABUSE JI J. SUBST. ABUSE PY 2001 VL 13 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 88 DI 10.1016/S0899-3289(01)00071-2 PG 16 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 467AF UT WOS:000170677800007 PM 11547626 ER PT J AU Purcell, DW Parsons, JT Halkitis, PN Mizuno, Y Woods, WJ AF Purcell, DW Parsons, JT Halkitis, PN Mizuno, Y Woods, WJ TI Substance use and sexual transmission risk behavior of HIV-positive men who have sex with men SO JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE LA English DT Article DE HIV positive; men who have sex with men; gay and bisexual men; transmission risk; substance use ID BISEXUAL MEN; UNSAFE SEX; GAY MEN; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; UNITED-STATES; YOUNG MEN; DRUG-USE; INFECTION; ABUSE; SEROCONVERSION AB We examined substance use in relationship to transmission risk behavior (unprotected insertive, UIAI, or receptive anal intercourse, URAI) between HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) and their HIV-negative or unknown serostatus partners. Men who engaged in transmission risk behavior with casual partners were more likely than men who did not engage in such behavior to have used various substances. Users of certain drugs were specifically less likely to use condoms with HIV-negative or unknown status partners than users. Of men who drank alcohol, those who drank more frequently before or during sex engaged in significantly more UIAI with casual partners. Of men who used drugs, those who used more frequently before or during sex were more likely to engage in URAI with casual partners. In multivariate analyses, use of inhalants as well as drinking before or during sex predicted UIAI, while use of inhalants as well as noninjection drug use before or during sex predicted URAL HIV prevention programs for HIV-positive MSM should focus on decreasing substance use and use specifically before or during sex. Developing prevention programs for substance-using MSM is critical to improve community health and decrease HIV transmissions. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NYU, Hunter Coll, New York, NY USA. TRW Co Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Purcell, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MSE E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168; Parsons, Jeffrey/0000-0002-6875-7566 FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU913557, U62/CCU213605] NR 39 TC 144 Z9 149 U1 7 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0899-3289 J9 J SUBST ABUSE JI J. SUBST. ABUSE PY 2001 VL 13 IS 1-2 BP 185 EP 200 DI 10.1016/S0899-3289(01)00072-4 PG 16 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 467AF UT WOS:000170677800015 PM 11547619 ER PT J AU Carmichael, SL Prince, CB Burr, R Nakamoto, F Vogt, RL AF Carmichael, SL Prince, CB Burr, R Nakamoto, F Vogt, RL TI Breast-feeding practices among WIC participants in Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; INFANT; WOMEN; MOTHERS; DECISIONS; HEALTH; POPULATION; IMMIGRANTS; PATTERNS; DURATION AB Objective To describe breast-feeding practices and identify correlates of breast-feeding among participants in the Hawaii Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program. Design A cross-sectional survey. Subjects/setting We conducted structured, in-person interviews with 535 women at WIC clinics throughout Hawaii (95% response rate). The interview collected information on maternal characteristics and infant-feeding practices. Statistical analyses Breast-feeding prevalence was examined by infant age and predictors of infant-feeding method were examined via bivariate tests and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Reported breast-feeding promotion efforts in health care settings outside of WIC were also examined. Results Most women (82%) attempted to breast-feed, albeit for short durations for many women; of the women who breast-fed in combination with formula feeding, 46% introduced formula within the first week after delivery. Significant predictors of breast-feeding initiation included previous breast-feeding experience, having a close relative or friend who breast-fed, multiparity, Asian/Pacific Island ethnicity (other than Filipino), and being foreign-born. Significant predictors of mixed feeding (vs exclusive breastfeeding) included working or attending school, age less than 20 years, Hawaiian/part Hawaiian or Filipino ethnicity, being Hawaiian-born, and residing in Oahu county. Conclusions Although most women in this population initiated breast-feeding, formula was usually introduced at an early age. This study identified several factors associated with breast-feeding initiation and exclusive breast-feeding, factors that may prove useful for the development of appropriate interventions to promote these behaviors. C1 Dept Hlth, WIC Serv Branch, Honolulu, HI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Global Programme Eradicat Polio, Cairo, Egypt. RP Carmichael, SL (reprint author), March Dimes Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Progra, 1830 Embarcadero,Ste 100, Oakland, CA 94606 USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 101 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00016-5 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 460MR UT WOS:000170311800011 PM 11209586 ER PT J AU Houston, TK Chang, BL Brown, S Kukafka, R AF Houston, TK Chang, BL Brown, S Kukafka, R TI Consumer Health Informatics: A consensus description and commentary from the American Medical Informatics Association members SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Symposium of the American-Medical-Informatics-Association (AMIA 2001) CY NOV 03-07, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Med Informat Assoc DE Consumer Health Informatics; patients; evaluation; outcomes; communication; research agenda ID PATIENT AB Background: Although interest in Consumer Health Informatics (CHI) has increased, a consensus definition of CHI does not yet exist. Purpose: To conduct a hypothesis-generating survey of AMIA members regarding definition and research agenda for CHI. Methods: We solicited participation among AMIA members in an Internet-based survey focusing on issues related to a definition of CHI. Results: One hundred thirty-five AMIA members responded, Participants indicated a broad spectrum of topics important to CHI including "self-help for disease management" and "patient access to their own medical records." CHI research was felt to rely heavily on public health methods such as epidemiology and outcomes research, a paradigm shift from traditional medical informatics. Responses indicated a perceived lack of funding and need for further research in CHI. Conclusions: A working definition should emphasize the multidisciplinary nature of CHI, include consumer input into CHI design, and focus on public health approaches to evaluation. C1 Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Med Informat, New York, NY USA. RP Houston, TK (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RI Houston, Thomas/F-2469-2013 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PY 2001 SU S BP 269 EP 273 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA 494CZ UT WOS:000172263400056 ER PT J AU Steindel, SJ Granade, SE AF Steindel, SJ Granade, SE TI Monitoring quality requires knowing similarity: The NICLTS experience SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Symposium of the American-Medical-Informatics-Association (AMIA 2001) CY NOV 03-07, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Med Informat Assoc ID CODES AB Laboratory tests can appear similar from the test names but may be vastly different in the way a result is achieved. Currently, for example, cervical cancer evaluation is moving from the traditional Papanicolaou smear to new smear preparation technologies and testing for human papillomavirus. Monitoring the quality of these three tests, and of all tests, requires that computers "understand" how these tests are similar and different. The National Inventory of Clinical Laboratory Testing Services (NICLTS) found that the approximately 20,000 most commonly performed tests used combinations of 635 analytes and 1,699 methods. These analytes and methods provide the base data for a semantic model that makes the requisite similarities and differences explicit. The semantic relationships, e.g. the method principle enabling a test and the nature of the substance tested, were evaluated against empirically derived, uni-dimensional relations. The resulting multi-dimensional semantic model expands our ability to monitor the quality of laboratory testing in the face of rapid change. Use of common terminology tools and representations enable the creation, expansion and reuse of this model beyond the needs of NICLTS. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Steindel, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PY 2001 SU S BP 667 EP 671 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA 494CZ UT WOS:000172263400136 ER PT J AU Berman, LE Fisher, AL Ostchega, Y Reed-Gillette, DS Stammerjohn, EL AF Berman, LE Fisher, AL Ostchega, Y Reed-Gillette, DS Stammerjohn, EL TI Quality assurance (QC)/quality control (QC) processes for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Orkand Corp, Informat Sci, Hyattsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PY 2001 SU S BP 862 EP 862 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA 494CZ UT WOS:000172263400222 ER PT J AU Massoudi, B Kota, K AF Massoudi, B Kota, K TI The Epi Survey Data Management System - an integrated approach to survey development, data collection, management, analysis, and reporting SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, BS TRW Informat Syst Support Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PY 2001 SU S BP 969 EP 969 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA 494CZ UT WOS:000172263400329 ER PT J AU Lipsitz, SR Williamson, J Klar, N Ibrahim, J Parzen, M AF Lipsitz, SR Williamson, J Klar, N Ibrahim, J Parzen, M TI A simple method for estimating a regression model for kappa between a pair of raters SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES A-STATISTICS IN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE generalized estimating equations; generalized linear model; measure of agreement ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION AB Agreement studies commonly occur in medical research, for example, in the review of Xrays by radiologists, blood tests by a panel of pathologists and the evaluation of psychopathology by a panel of raters. In these studies, often two observers rate the same subject for some characteristic with a discrete number of levels. The kappa -coefficient is a popular measure of agreement between the two raters. The kappa -coefficient may depend on covariates, i.e. characteristics of the raters and/or the subjects being rated. Our research was motivated by two agreement problems. The first is a study of agreement between a pastor and a co-ordinator of Christian education on whether they feel that the congregation puts enough emphasis on encouraging members to work for social justice (yes versus no). We wish to model the kappa -coefficient as a function of covariates such as political orientation (liberal versus conservative) of the pastor and co-ordinator. The second example is a spousal education study, in which we wish to model the kappa -coefficient as a function of covariates such as the highest degree of the father of the wife and the father of the husband. We propose a simple method to estimate the regression model for the kappa -coefficient, which consists of two logistic (or multinomial logistic) regressions and one linear regression for binary data. The estimates can be easily obtained in any generalized linear model software program. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biometry & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Canc Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada. Harvard Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Lipsitz, SR (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biometry & Epidemiol, Suite 1148,135 Rutledge Ave,POB 250551, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-1998 J9 J ROY STAT SOC A STA JI J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A-Stat. Soc. PY 2001 VL 164 BP 449 EP 465 DI 10.1111/1467-985X.00213 PN 3 PG 17 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Mathematics GA 484MJ UT WOS:000171693900003 ER PT J AU Hudgens, MG Longini, IM Halloran, ME Choopanya, K Vanichseni, S Kitayaporn, D Mastro, TD Mock, PA AF Hudgens, MG Longini, IM Halloran, ME Choopanya, K Vanichseni, S Kitayaporn, D Mastro, TD Mock, PA TI Estimating the transmission probability of human immunodeficiency virus in injecting drug users in Thailand SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES C-APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE human immunodeficiency virus; injecting drug user; interval censoring; transmission probability ID INTERVAL CENSORED-DATA; HIV VACCINE TRIALS; SUBTYPE-E; GENETIC DIVERSITY; INFECTION; PREVENTION; BANGKOK; MODEL AB We estimate the transmission probability for the human immunodeficiency virus from seroconversion data of a cohort of injecting drug users (IDUs) in Thailand. The transmission probability model developed accounts for interval censoring and incorporates each IDU's reported frequency of needle sharing and injecting acts. Using maximum likelihood methods, the per needle sharing act transmission probability estimate between infectious and susceptible IDUs is 0.008. The effects of covariates. disease dynamics, mismeasured exposure information and the uncertainty of the disease prevalence on the transmission probability estimate are considered. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Longini, IM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-9254 J9 J ROY STAT SOC C-APP JI J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. C-Appl. Stat. PY 2001 VL 50 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1111/1467-9876.00216 PN 1 PG 14 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 401PW UT WOS:000166938100001 ER PT J AU Krewski, D Byus, CV Glickman, BW Lotz, WG Mandeville, R McBride, ML Prato, FS Weaver, DF AF Krewski, D Byus, CV Glickman, BW Lotz, WG Mandeville, R McBride, ML Prato, FS Weaver, DF TI Potential health risks of radiofrequency fields from wireless telecommunication devices SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY; HZ MAGNETIC-FIELD; CENTRAL CHOLINERGIC ACTIVITY; LEVEL MICROWAVE IRRADIATION; RAT-LIVER CARCINOGENESIS; CALCIUM-ION EFFLUX; AMPLITUDE-MODULATED MICROWAVES; MOTOR-VEHICLE COLLISIONS AB The use of wireless telecommunications devices in Canada has increased dramatically over the past decade. With the increased use has come a greater visibility of the technology and a concurrent rise in public concern over its safety. C1 Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biomed Sci & Biochem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Victoria, Ctr Environm Hlth, Victoria, BC, Canada. NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Biophage Inc, Montreal, PQ, Canada. British Columbia Canc Agcy, Canc Control Res Unit, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Diagnost Radiol & Nucl Med, London, ON, Canada. Queens Univ, Dept Chem, Div Neurol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Queens Univ, Dept Med, Div Neurol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Krewski, D (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, 451 Smyth Rd,Room 3229C, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada. RI Prato, Frank/C-9117-2014 NR 465 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1093-7404 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PD JAN-MAR PY 2001 VL 4 IS 1 BP 1 EP 143 DI 10.1080/109374001459458 PG 143 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 392EV UT WOS:000166398700002 PM 11202058 ER PT J AU Krewski, D Byus, CV Glickman, BW Lotz, WC Mandeville, R Prato, FS Weaver, DF AF Krewski, D Byus, CV Glickman, BW Lotz, WC Mandeville, R Prato, FS Weaver, DF TI Recent advances in research on radiofrequency fields and health SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY; HZ MAGNETIC-FIELDS; MICROWAVE-RADIATION; CELLULAR PHONES; TESTICULAR FUNCTION; DOSE-RESPONSE; BRAIN-TUMORS; MOBILE PHONE; NEAR-FIELD; EXPOSURE AB Since the Royal Society of Canada report on potential health risks or radiofrequency (RF) fields from wireless telecommunications in the spring of 1999, there have been several newly published reports on risks associated with the use of mobile phones. This article provides a summary of scientific research on the potential health effects of radiofrequency fields that has been reported since the original Royal Society report was published. This update also discusses several earlier results not included in the original report. C1 Univ Ottawa, Dept Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biomed Sci & Biochem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Victoria, Ctr Environm Hlth, Victoria, BC, Canada. NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Biophage Inc, Montreal, PQ, Canada. British Columbia Canc Agcy, Canc Control Res Unit, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Diagnost Radiol & Nucl Med, Div Imaging Sci, London, ON, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, Lawson Hlth Inst, London, ON, Canada. Queens Univ, Dept Chem, Div Neurol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Queens Univ, Dept Med, Div Neurol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Krewski, D (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RI Prato, Frank/C-9117-2014 NR 65 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1093-7404 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PD JAN-MAR PY 2001 VL 4 IS 1 BP 145 EP 159 DI 10.1080/109374001459467 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 392EV UT WOS:000166398700003 PM 11202059 ER PT J AU Modlin, JF Snider, DE Brooks, DA Clover, RD Guerra, FA Helms, CM Johnson, DR Le, CT Offit, PA Rennels, MB Tompkins, LS Word, BM Bradshaw, D Cheek, JE Evans, GS Graydon, TR Myers, MG Heilman, C Midthun, K Myers, MG Nichol, KL Mahoney, M Pickering, L Abramson, J France, EK Gall, SA Gardner, P Schaffner, W Wilson, HD McKinney, WP Marchessault, V Siegel, JD Katz, SL Santos, JI Jackson, RE Peter, G Howe, BJ Ashford, DA Perkins, B Rotz, LD AF Modlin, JF Snider, DE Brooks, DA Clover, RD Guerra, FA Helms, CM Johnson, DR Le, CT Offit, PA Rennels, MB Tompkins, LS Word, BM Bradshaw, D Cheek, JE Evans, GS Graydon, TR Myers, MG Heilman, C Midthun, K Myers, MG Nichol, KL Mahoney, M Pickering, L Abramson, J France, EK Gall, SA Gardner, P Schaffner, W Wilson, HD McKinney, WP Marchessault, V Siegel, JD Katz, SL Santos, JI Jackson, RE Peter, G Howe, BJ Ashford, DA Perkins, B Rotz, LD CA Advisory Comm Immunization Practic TI Use of anthrax vaccine in the United States: Recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (Reprinted from Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, vol 49, pg 1-20, 2000) SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; INHALATION ANTHRAX; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; COMPARATIVE EFFICACY; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; LETHAL FACTOR; GUINEA-PIGS; ANTIBODIES; MANAGEMENT; OUTBREAK C1 Dartmouth Med Sch, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Johnson Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. San Antonio Metropolitan Hlth Dist, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Santa Rosa, CA USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USAF, Med Operat Agcy, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. US Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. US Hlth Care Financing Adm, Baltimore, MD 21207 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. VA Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. Amer Acad Family Physicians, Clarence, NY USA. Amer Acad Pediat, Norfolk, VA USA. Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Denver, CO USA. Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Louisville, KY USA. Amer Coll Phys, Stony Brook, NY USA. Amer Hosp Assoc, Nashville, TN USA. Amer Med Assoc, Grand Forks, ND USA. Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Louisville, KY USA. Canadian Natl Advisory Comm Immunizat, Cumberland, ON, Canada. Healthcare Infect Control Practices Advisory Comm, Dallas, TX USA. Infect Dis Soc Amer, Durham, NC USA. Natl Immunizat Council & Child Hlth Program, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Natl Med Assoc, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Vaccine Advisory Comm, Providence, RI USA. Pharmaceut Res & Manufacturers Amer, Collegeville, PA USA. RP Modlin, JF (reprint author), Dartmouth Med Sch, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. NR 85 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 J TOXICOL-CLIN TOXIC JI J. Toxicol.-Clin. Toxicol. PY 2001 VL 39 IS 1 BP 85 EP 100 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 456DF UT WOS:000170067300014 ER PT J AU Geller, RJ Singleton, KL Tarantino, ML Drenzek, CL Toomey, KE AF Geller, RJ Singleton, KL Tarantino, ML Drenzek, CL Toomey, KE CA Georgia Poison Ctr Georgia Div Public Hlth Natl Inst Occupational Safety Hlth CDC TI Nosocomial poisoning associated with emergency department treatment of organophosphate toxicity - Georgia, 2000 SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; OLYMPIC-GAMES; INCIDENTS AB Emergency department (ED) staff caring for patients conraminnted with toxic chemicals are at risk for developing toxicity from secondary contamination. This report describes three cases of occupational illnesses associated with organophosphate toxicity caused by exposure to a contaminated patient and underscores the importance of using personal protection equipment (PPE) and establishing and following decontamination procedures in EDs and other areas of acute care hospitals. C1 Georgia Poison Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, NIOSH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Pharmaceut Stockpile Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Geller, RJ (reprint author), Georgia Poison Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 J TOXICOL-CLIN TOXIC JI J. Toxicol.-Clin. Toxicol. PY 2001 VL 39 IS 1 BP 109 EP 111 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 456DF UT WOS:000170067300017 PM 11327219 ER PT J AU Qari, SH Magre, S Garcia-Lerma, JG Hussain, AI Takeuchi, Y Patience, C Weiss, RA Heneine, W AF Qari, SH Magre, S Garcia-Lerma, JG Hussain, AI Takeuchi, Y Patience, C Weiss, RA Heneine, W TI Susceptibility of the porcine endogenous retrovirus to reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MURINE LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; HUMAN-CELLS; HEPATIC-FAILURE; TISSUE-CULTURE; NO EVIDENCE; IN-VITRO; TYPE-1; INFECTION; TRANSPLANTATION AB Porcine xenografts mag offer a solution to the shortage of human donor allografts. However, all pigs contain the porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV), raising concerns regarding the. transmission of PERV and the possible development of disease in xenotransplant recipients. We evaluated II antiretroviral drugs licensed for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) therapy for their activities against PERV to assess their potential for clinical use. Fifty and 90% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)s and IC(90)s, respectively) of five nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) were determined were enzymatically for PERV and for wild-type (WT) and RTI-resistant HIV-1 reference isolates. In a comparison of IC(50)s, the susceptibilities of PERV RT to lamivudine, stavudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, and zidovudine were reduced >20-fold, 26-fold, 6-fold, 4-fold, and 3-fold, respectively, compared to those of WT HIV-1. PERV was also resistant to nevirapine. Tissue culture-based, single-round infection assays using replication-competent virus confirmed the relative sensitivity of PERV to zidovudine and its resistance to all other RTIs. A Gag polyprotein-processing inhibition assay was developed and used to assess the activities of protease inhibitors against PERV. No inhibition of PERV protease was seen with saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, or amprenavir at concentrations >200 fold the IC(50)s for WT HIV-1. Thus, following screening of many antiretroviral agents, our findings support only the potential clinical use of zidovudine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. UCL, Windeyer Inst, Wohl Virion Ctr, London, England. RP Heneine, W (reprint author), CDC, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, MS G-19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM WMH2@CDC.GOV NR 54 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 75 IS 2 BP 1048 EP 1053 DI 10.1128/JVI.75.2.1048-1053.2001 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 385QK UT WOS:000166015000052 PM 11134319 ER PT J AU Higgins, DL Maciak, B Metzler, M AF Higgins, DL Maciak, B Metzler, M CA CDC Urban Res Ctr TI CDC Urban Research Centers: Community-based participatory research to improve the health of urban communities SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PARTNERSHIP; INTERVENTION; VIOLENCE; WOMEN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Urban Res Ctr, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Metzler, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Urban Res Ctr, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-K 73, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD JAN-MAR PY 2001 VL 10 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 405RC UT WOS:000167172100001 PM 11224940 ER PT J AU Maggi, S Minicuci, N Langlois, J Pavan, M Enzi, G Crepaldi, G AF Maggi, S Minicuci, N Langlois, J Pavan, M Enzi, G Crepaldi, G TI Prevalence rate of urinary incontinence in community-dwelling elderly individuals: The Veneto study SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL CONDITIONS; POPULATION; DYSFUNCTION; PEOPLE; IMPACT; TRACT AB Background. Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common problem in elderly people, due mainly to functional impair ments and concurrent medical diseases. Few studies, however, have assessed the prevalence of UI in noninstitutionalized individuals. The objectives of the present work were to estimate the prevalence of UI in a community-based population of elderly Italians and to determine the associated physical, social, and psychological factors. Methods. A random sample of noninstitutionalized men (n = 847) and women (n = 1531), aged 65 years and older, from the Veneto region of northeastern Italy, were interviewed at home, using an extensive multidisciplinary questionnaire, to assess their quality of life and social, biological, and psychological correlates. Results. The prevalence rate of UI was of 11.2% among men and of 21.6% among women. Among those reporting the condition, approximately 53% of women and 59% of men reported experiencing incontinence daily or weekly. Association of UT was found for participants older than 70 years in both men (odds ratio [OR] 2.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45-4.28) and women (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.11-2.02). Three of the medical conditions investigated were associated with increases in the odds in women, namely chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.11-2.12) Parkinsonism (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.14-4.54), and hip fracture (OR 1.38, 95% Cl 1.02-1.88), whereas chronic diarrhea was the only condition associated with UI in men (OR 6.92, 95% CI 2.22-21.5). Participants with a physical disability were two times more likely to report incontinence, and the odds were increased by 50% in women who had sleep disturbances. Conclusions. Incontinence is highly prevalent in the Italian elderly population, and several common chronic conditions are significantly associated with it, Moreover, very few people with incontinence seek health care or are aware of potential treatments. C1 Univ Padua, Med Clin 1, Natl Res Council, Ctr Aging, I-35128 Padua, Italy. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Maggi, S (reprint author), Univ Padua, Med Clin 1, Natl Res Council, Ctr Aging, Via Giustiniani 2, I-35128 Padua, Italy. RI MINICUCI, NADIA/D-5237-2016 OI MINICUCI, NADIA/0000-0002-0970-6531 NR 42 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 2 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 56 IS 1 BP M14 EP M18 PG 5 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 389VU UT WOS:000166260000010 PM 11193226 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Greer, P Facklam, R Sampson, J Carlone, G Zaki, SR AF Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Greer, P Facklam, R Sampson, J Carlone, G Zaki, SR TI Diagnosis of streptococcal pneumonias in formalin-fixed specimens SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 EI 1530-0307 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 81 IS 1 MA 1085 BP 185A EP 185A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 396KE UT WOS:000166634901098 ER PT J AU Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Greer, PW Ferebee-Harris, T Morken, T Bartlett, J Montague, JL Zaki, SR AF Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Greer, PW Ferebee-Harris, T Morken, T Bartlett, J Montague, JL Zaki, SR TI West Nile encephalitis - An update of pathologic studies SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 EI 1530-0307 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 81 IS 1 MA 1096 BP 186A EP 186A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 396KE UT WOS:000166634901109 ER PT J AU Campbell, CE Gibbs, PDL Schmale, MC AF Campbell, CE Gibbs, PDL Schmale, MC TI Progression of infection and tumor development in damselfish SO MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Aquaria Fish Models of Human Disease CY SEP 20-23, 2000 CL SW TEXAS STATE UNIV, SAN MARCOS, TX SP NCI, Chem & Phys Carcinogenesis Branch HO SW TEXAS STATE UNIV DE neurofibroma; damselfish; tumor virus; schwann cell; chromatophore ID BICOLOR DAMSELFISH; POMACENTRUS-PARTITUS; NEUROFIBROMATOSIS; DISEASE; REEFS AB The bicolor damselfish (Stegastes partitus) is a tropical marine teleost naturally affected by multiple neurofibromas and chromatophoromas on South Florida reefs. Damselfish neurofibromatosis is a transmissible disease caused by a subcellular agent. Development of tumors is associated with the appearance of a series of extrachromosomal DNAs ranging in size from 1.2 to 7 kb that appear to be the genome of a small virus-like agent which we termed the damselfish virus-like agent (DVLA). This DNA was found at high copy number in most spontaneous and experimentally induced tumors. An essentially identical pattern of DNA, but with lower copy numbers, was observed in non-tumor-bearing tissue from diseased fish. Copy numbers of DVLA DNA in tumors and nontumorous tissues increased as the disease progressed from early to late stages. In healthy fish in which DVLA DNA was detected, the quantities were much lower than those in diseased fish. Healthy fish from populations with a high prevalence of disease exhibited more infected tissues than fish from populations with low levels. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schmale, MC (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM mschmale@rsmas.miami.edu NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-2228 J9 MAR BIOTECHNOL JI Mar. Biotechnol. PY 2001 VL 3 SU 1 BP S107 EP S114 DI 10.1007/s10126-001-00323 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 465MN UT WOS:000170592900014 PM 14961306 ER PT J AU Fulton, JE Masse, LC Tortolero, SR Watson, KB Heesch, KC Kohl, HW Blair, SN Caspersen, CJ AF Fulton, JE Masse, LC Tortolero, SR Watson, KB Heesch, KC Kohl, HW Blair, SN Caspersen, CJ TI Field evaluation of energy expenditure from continuous and intermittent walking in women SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE exercise; physical activity; females; bouts ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; TRIAXIAL ACCELEROMETER; EXERCISE; HEALTH; OVERWEIGHT; CHILDREN; ADULTS; BOUTS AB Rationale: Recent physical activity recommendations suggest that comparable amounts of prescribed physical activity, done as a single continuous bout or as a set of intermittent bouts, will produce equal amounts of energy expenditure (EE) during the prescribed activity as well as throughout the day. Hypotheses: In a field setting, we tested two hypotheses: (1) continuous and intermittent walking conditions will result in significantly greater total daily EE than a control condition, and (2) continuous and intermittent walking conditions will result in similar total daily Methods:. Thirty women (mean age [yr] = 43.7 +/- 5.8; mean body mass index [kg.m(-2)]= 24.7 +/- 4.0) participated in a repeated-measures design so that each woman participated in three walking conditions on successive days of the week: a single 30-min brisk walk (continuous); three 10-min brisk walks (intermittent); and no activity (control). Throughout the study protocol, women wore a TRITRAC-R3D accelerometer programmed to estimate EE in 2-min intervals. Results: Mean Coral EE estimates (kcal) for the three walking conditions were as follows: continuous: 2181 +/- 308; intermittent: 2121 +/- 305; and control: 1948 +/- 270. A repeated-measures analysis of variance omnibus test indicated that EE differed significantly by experimental condition [F(2,58) = 40.2, P < 0.001]. To test the first hypothesis, contrasts were examined revealing that EE in the continuous and intermittent conditions was significantly greater than EE in the control condition [F(1,29) = 58.2, P < 0.001]. To test the second hypothesis, contrasts revealed that EE in the continuous condition was significantly greater than EE in the intermittent condition [F(1,29) = 7.0, P = 0.013]. Conclusion: For the purposes of total EE, selecting a continuous mode of walking may offer additional benefit over an intermittent mode, given the same total prescribed duration. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Int Life Sci Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. Cooper Inst Aerob Res, Dallas, TX USA. RP Fulton, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Heesch, Kristi/B-7863-2009; Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009; Heesch, Kristiann/J-1288-2012 OI Heesch, Kristiann/0000-0003-1931-3683 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CC609653] NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 33 IS 1 BP 163 EP 170 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 390RW UT WOS:000166311100026 PM 11194104 ER PT S AU Yasnoff, WA Chute, CG Scherrer, JR Pittet, D AF Yasnoff, WA Chute, CG Scherrer, JR Pittet, D BE Patel, VL Rogers, R Haux, R TI Charting the future of public health informatics SO MEDINFO 2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH WORLD CONGRESS ON MEDICAL INFORMATICS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE STUDIES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th World Congress on Medical Informatics (MEDINFO 2001) CY 2001 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP McGill Univ, Ctr Med Educ, Columbia Univ, Dept Med Informat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9630 BN 1-58603-194-5 J9 ST HEAL T PY 2001 VL 84 BP 1519 EP 1519 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BT40J UT WOS:000172901700420 ER PT J AU Montenegro, SML Abath, FGC Domingues, ALC Melo, W de Morais, CNL Coutinho, EM Mahanty, S Wynn, T AF Montenegro, SML Abath, FGC Domingues, ALC Melo, W de Morais, CNL Coutinho, EM Mahanty, S Wynn, T TI Preliminary results on the effects of CD40/CD40L interactions and SAC-induction on IFN-gamma expression in human schistosomiasis SO MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Schistosomiasis CY DEC 05-09, 1999 CL RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL SP Oswaldo Cruz Fdn DE Schistosoma mansoni; CD40/CD40 ligand; human schistosomiasis; IFN-gamma ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; GRANULOMA-FORMATION; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; INTERFERON-GAMMA; CD40 LIGAND; MANSONI; IL-4; INTERLEUKIN-10; INFECTION; RESPONSES AB In this communication the authors analyzed the pattern of expression of IFN-gamma as a surrogate type 1 response in different clinical forms of schistosomiasis in response to stimulation involving T-cell dependent and T-cell independent pathways, to investigate which pathways were functional in human schistosomiasis, and to further characterize the nature of Th1 response impairment in this parasitic disease. C1 Ctr Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhaes Fiocruz, BR-50670420 Recife, PE, Brazil. Univ Fed Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Montenegro, SML (reprint author), Ctr Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhaes Fiocruz, Av Morais Rego S-N,Cidade Univ, BR-50670420 Recife, PE, Brazil. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FUNDACO OSWALDO CRUZ PI RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ PA AV BRASIL 4365, 21045-900 RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ, BRAZIL SN 0074-0276 J9 MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ JI Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz PY 2001 VL 96 SU S BP 103 EP 105 DI 10.1590/S0074-02762001000900014 PG 3 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 475ZV UT WOS:000171200700014 PM 11586433 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Greer, P Facklam, R Sampson, J Carlone, G Zaki, SR AF Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Greer, P Facklam, R Sampson, J Carlone, G Zaki, SR TI Diagnosis of Streptococcal pneumonias in formalin-fixed specimens SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 EI 1530-0285 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1 MA 1085 BP 185A EP 185A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 396EB UT WOS:000166622401094 ER PT J AU Shieh, WJ Guamer, J Greer, PW Ferebee-Harris, T Morken, T Bartlett, J Montague, JL Zaki, SR AF Shieh, WJ Guamer, J Greer, PW Ferebee-Harris, T Morken, T Bartlett, J Montague, JL Zaki, SR TI West Nile encephalitis - An update of pathologic studies SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 EI 1530-0285 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1 MA 1096 BP 186A EP 186A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 396EB UT WOS:000166622401105 ER PT J AU Soto, SIU Lehmann, T Rowton, ED Velez, ID Porter, CH AF Soto, SIU Lehmann, T Rowton, ED Velez, ID Porter, CH TI Speciation and population structure in the morphospecies Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva) as derived from the mitochondrial ND4 gene SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME-B; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; AMAZONIAN BRAZIL; DNA-SEQUENCE; PSYCHODIDAE; DIPTERA; EVOLUTION; VARIABILITY; PHYLOGENETICS; ORGANIZATION AB Recent studies have suggested that the phlebotomine sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae), the principal vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the Neotropics, may consist of several allopatric sibling species. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of nucleotide variation in a 618-bp fragment of the mitochondrial ND4 gene were carried out on specimens of Lu. longipalpis from several locations in Central and South America. The analyses were concordant with previous findings, indicating that certain allopatric populations of Lu. longipalpis have become sufficiently differentiated as to represent sibling species. Phylogenetic analyses revealed deep genetic divisions between four clades represented by specimens from northern South America, Brazil, Central America, and an isolated Colombian population. Strong differentiation also was observed between certain populations within the first two clades. Partitioning of genetic diversity within and between Central American populations did not show the presence of more than one species in the region. However, distance, even within the 70-km range of the Honduran collection sites, was found to have a remarkably strong effect on gene how, The highly subdivided population structure may be due to the patchiness of their distribution. F-ST values comparing a Guatemalan population with several Honduran populations revealed a level of differentiation associated with a negligible rate of gene how, (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Univ Antioquia, PECET, Medellin, Colombia. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Porter, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RI Rowton, Edgar/A-4474-2012; Rowton, Edgar/A-1975-2011 OI Rowton, Edgar/0000-0002-1979-1485 NR 46 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 18 IS 1 BP 84 EP 93 DI 10.1006/mpev.2000.0863 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 395BR UT WOS:000166559300010 PM 11161745 ER PT S AU Gubler, DJ AF Gubler, DJ BE Smith, GL Irving, WL McCauley, JW Rowlands, DJ TI Epidemic dengue/dengue haemorrhagic fever as a public health problem in the 21st century SO NEW CHALLENGES TO HEALTH: THE THREAT OF VIRUS INFECTION SE SYMPOSIA OF THE SOCIETY FOR GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60th Symposium of the Society-for-General-Microbiology CY MAR, 2001 CL HERIOT-WATT UNIV, EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Soc Gen Microbiol HO HERIOT-WATT UNIV ID DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; BORNE DISEASE-CONTROL; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; VIRUSES; IMPACT; TYPE-2 C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Gubler, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0081-1394 BN 0-521-80614-3 J9 SYMP SOC GEN MICROBI PY 2001 VL 60 BP 247 EP 267 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511754883.014 PG 21 WC Microbiology; Virology SC Microbiology; Virology GA BS88Q UT WOS:000171316100013 ER PT J AU McDavid, K Breslow, RA Radimer, K AF McDavid, K Breslow, RA Radimer, K TI Vitamin/mineral supplementation among cancer survivors: 1987 and 1992 National Health Interview Surveys SO NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS; VITAMIN; PREVALENCE; TRENDS; RISK AB The number of cancer survivors in the United States is increasing, but little is known about this population, including its use of vitamin/mineral supplements. We combined data on vitamin/mineral use from the 1987 and 1992 National Health Interview Survey Cancer Epidemiology Supplement (CES)for cancer survivors: persons reporting a diagnosis of cancer other than nonmelanoma skin cancer >5 yr before their interviews [n = 461 (1987) and 228 (1992)] and persons reporting no history of cancer [n = 20,851 (1987) and 11, 186 (1992)]. For both groups, we calculated gender-specific proportions (adjusted for age, race/ ethnicity, education, smoking status, and poverty index) for use of multivitamins, vitamins A, C, and E, and calcium during the year before each survey. Supplement use was similar in survivors and persons reporting no history of cancer. Among survivors, calcium use was significantly higher, among women (34.9%) than men (13.8%), and vitamin A use was higher among men than women (P < 0.05). Over three-fourths of both groups used multivitamins, and about one half used vitamin C No differences were found in vitamin mineral use between male survivors and men with no cancer history or between female survivors and women with no cancer history. These first nationally representative estimates suggest that persons who have survived cancer and those who report that they never had the disease do not differ appreciably in their use of vitamin/mineral supplements. Results were based on small numbers of survivors, however, and require replication. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, DCPC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP McDavid, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, DCPC, Mailstop K53,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0163-5581 J9 NUTR CANCER JI Nutr. Cancer PY 2001 VL 41 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 32 DI 10.1207/S15327914NC41-1&2_3 PG 4 WC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 565FN UT WOS:000176358900003 PM 12094625 ER PT J AU Saarinen, NM Huovinen, R Warri, A Makela, SI Valentin-Blasini, L Needham, L Eckerman, C Collan, YU Santti, R AF Saarinen, NM Huovinen, R Warri, A Makela, SI Valentin-Blasini, L Needham, L Eckerman, C Collan, YU Santti, R TI Uptake and metabolism of hydroxymatairesinol in relation to its anticarcinogenicity in DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinoma model SO NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ANTIESTROGEN TOREMIFENE; BREAST-CANCER; LIGNANS; PRECURSOR; CARCINOGENESIS; FLAXSEED; SERUM; PHYTOESTROGENS; ENTEROLACTONE; INHIBITION AB The chemopreventive effects of hydroxymatairesinol (HMR), a lignan extracted from Norway spruce (Picea abies), on the development of mammary carcinoma induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) was studied in rats. HMR administered via diet in an average daily dose of 4.7 mg/kg body wt starting before DMBA induction reduced tumor volume and tumor growth, but no significant reduction in tumor multiplicity (number of tumors/rat) was observed. The predominant histological type in the control group was type B (well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, 78%). The proportion of type B tumors decreased to 35% in the HMR group, while the type A (poorly differentiated) and type C (atrophic) tumor proportions increased. Anticarcinogenic effects of dietary HMR (4.7 mg/kg) were also evident when the administration started after DMBA induction and was seen as growth inhibition of established tumors. Dietary HMR supplementation significantly increased serum and urinary enterolactone and HMR concentrations but had no significant effect on the uterine weight, suggesting that HMR or its major metabolite enterolactone did not have an antiestrogenic effect. Further studies are warranted to further clarify and verify HMR action and the associated mechanisms in mammary tumorigenesis. C1 Univ Turku, Inst Biomed, Dept Anat, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland. Univ Turku, Inst Microbiol & Pathol, Dept Pathol, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland. Univ Turku, Cent Hosp, Dept Radiotherapy & Oncol, FIN-20500 Turku, Finland. Karolinska Inst, Novum, Dept Med Nutr, Unit Prevent Nutr, S-14157 Huddinge, Sweden. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Abo Akad Univ, Lab Forest Prod Chem, FIN-20500 Turku, Finland. RP Saarinen, NM (reprint author), Univ Turku, Inst Biomed, Dept Anat, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 21 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0163-5581 J9 NUTR CANCER JI Nutr. Cancer PY 2001 VL 41 IS 1-2 BP 82 EP 90 DI 10.1207/S15327914NC41-1&2_11 PG 9 WC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 565FN UT WOS:000176358900011 PM 12094633 ER PT S AU Grurnmer-Strawn, LM Ogden, CL Mei, ZG Flegal, KM Johnson, CL Kuczmarski, RJ Curtin, LR AF Grurnmer-Strawn, LM Ogden, CL Mei, ZG Flegal, KM Johnson, CL Kuczmarski, RJ Curtin, LR BE Martorell, R Haschke, F TI Scientific and practical issues in the development of the US Childhood Growth Reference SO NUTRITION AND GROWT H SE Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Nestle Nutrition Workshop CY APR 02-06, 2000 CL SANTIAGO, CHILE ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; EXPERT COMMITTEE; FED INFANTS; CHILDREN; OVERWEIGHT; HEALTH; RECOMMENDATIONS; ADOLESCENTS; PERCENTILES; OBESITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Chil Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Grurnmer-Strawn, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Chil Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Martorell, Reynaldo /I-2539-2012 NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1664-2147 BN 0-7817-3467-3 J9 NESTLE NUTR WORKS SE PY 2001 VL 47 BP 21 EP 36 PG 16 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA BV46C UT WOS:000179047700002 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Moriarty, DG Zack, MM Mokdad, AH Chapman, DP AF Ford, ES Moriarty, DG Zack, MM Mokdad, AH Chapman, DP TI Self-reported body mass index and health-related quality of life: Findings from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE body mass index; health surveys; health status; quality of life ID OF-LIFE; WEIGHT CHANGE; OLDER WOMEN; OBESITY; POPULATION; RELIABILITY; DISABILITY; TELEPHONE; REPRODUCIBILITY; OVERWEIGHT AB Objective: To examine the relationship between self-reported body mass index (BMI) and health-related quality of life in the general adult population in the United States. Research Methods and Procedures: Using data from 109,076 respondents in the 1996 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we examined how self-reported BMI is associated with five health-related quality of life measures developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for population health surveillance. Results: After adjusting for age, gender, race or ethnicity, educational attainment, employment status, smoking status, and physical activity status, participants with a self-reported BMI of < 18.5 kg/m(2) and participants with a self-reported BMI of greater than or equal to 30 kg/m(2) reported impaired quality of life. Compared with persons with a self-reported BMI of 18.5 to < 25 kg/m(2), odds ratios (ORs) of poor or fair self-rated health increased among persons with self-reported BMIs of < 18.5 (1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31 to 1.89), 25 to < 30 kg/m(2) (1.12, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.20), 30 to < 35 kg/m(2) (1.65, 95% CI: 1.50 to 1.81), 35 to < 40 kg/m(2) (2.58, 95% CI: 2.21 to 3.00), and greater than or equal to 40 kg/m(2) (3.23, 95% CI: 2.63 to 3.95); ORs for reporting greater than or equal to 14 days of poor physical health during the previous 30 days were 1.44 (95% CI: 1.21 to 1.72), 1.04 (95% CI: 0.96 to 1.14), 1.32 (95% CI: 1.19 to 1.47), 1.80 (95% CI: 1.52 to 2.13), and 2.37 (95% CI: 1.90 to 2.94), respectively; ORs for having greater than or equal to 14 days of poor mental health during the previous 30 days were 1.18 (95% CI: 0.97 to 1.42), 1.02 (95% CI: 0.95 to 1.11), 1.22 (95% CI: 1.10 to 1.36), 1.68 (95% CI: 1.42 to 1.98), and 1.66 (95% CI: 1.32 to 2.09), respectively. Discussion: In the largest study to date, low and increased self-reported BMI significantly impaired health-related quality of life. Particularly, deviations from normal BMI affected physical functioning more strongly than mental functioning. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K24, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 49 TC 189 Z9 194 U1 4 U2 10 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI ROCHESTER PA C/O DR MICHAEL JENSEN, MAYO MEDICAL CENTER, MAYO CLIN 200 FIRST ST, SW, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 9 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1038/oby.2001.4 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 427NU UT WOS:000168413100004 PM 11346664 ER PT J AU Walter, EB Royce, RA Fernandez, MI Dehovitz, J Ickovics, JR Lampe, MA AF Walter, EB Royce, RA Fernandez, MI Dehovitz, J Ickovics, JR Lampe, MA CA Perinatal Guidelines Evaluation Pr TI New mothers' knowledge and attitudes about perinatal human immunodeficiency virus infection SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREGNANT-WOMEN; AIDS; TRANSMISSION AB Objectives: To assess new mothers' attitudes toward perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, their knowledge about perinatal HIV, and their trust of government and scientists. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey of 1362 postpartum women at four United States locations in 1997, a standardized interview was administered to new mothers 24-48 hours postpartum to determine their HIV test acceptance, attitudes, and knowledge. Results: Seventy-five percent of women who were offered HIV tests reported being tested. Although 95% of women were aware of perinatal HIV transmission, only 60% knew that HIV can be transmitted through breast-feeding, and only 51% knew of medication to prevent perinatal transmission. Eighty-four percent of women thought that all pregnant women should be tested for HIV, and 60% thought that prenatal HIV testing should be legally mandated. Twenty percent of women indicated mistrust of government and scientists regarding origins of HIV and potential cures for AIDS. Knowledge about perinatal transmission was unrelated to receipt of prenatal HIV tests. When other factors were controlled for, mistrust was not significantly associated with getting tested. Conclusion: Incomplete knowledge of prevention of perinatal HIV transmission and mistrust were prevalent among new mothers. Knowledge deficits or mistrust did not appear to reduce reported prenatal test rates, but our data suggest that future public health efforts need to educate women about methods of preventing perinatal HIV transmission and at enhancing their trust in the public health system. (Obstet Gynecol 2001;97:70-6. (C) 2001 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.) C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Miami, FL USA. Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Walter, EB (reprint author), Duke Childrens Primary Care, 4020 N Roxboro Rd, Durham, NC 27704 USA. RI Royce, Rachel/A-7964-2012 FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU412273-03-01] NR 16 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 97 IS 1 BP 70 EP 76 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(00)01070-X PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 391TT UT WOS:000166372100015 PM 11152911 ER PT J AU Rice, FL Park, R Stayner, L Smith, R Gilbert, S Checkoway, H AF Rice, FL Park, R Stayner, L Smith, R Gilbert, S Checkoway, H TI Crystalline silica exposure and lung cancer mortality in diatomaceous earth industry workers: a quantitative risk assessment SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE crystalline silica; cristobalite; lung cancer ID NONMALIGNANT RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; DOSE-RESPONSE ASSOCIATIONS; AFRICAN GOLD MINERS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; SMOKING; DUST AB Objective-To use various exposure-response models to estimate the risk of mortality from lung cancer due to occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust. Methods-Data from a cohort mortality study of 2342 white male California diatomaceous earth mining and processing workers exposed to crystalline silica dust (mainly cristobalite) were reanalyzed with Poisson regression and Cox's proportional hazards models. Internal and external adjustments were used to control for potential confounding from the effects of time since first observation, calendar time, age, and Hispanic ethnicity. Cubic smoothing spline models were used to assess the fit of the models. Exposures were lagged by 10 years. Evaluations of the fit of the models were performed by comparing their deviances. Lifetime risks of lung cancer were estimated up to age 85 with an actuarial approach that accounted for competing causes of death. Results-Exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust was a significant predictor (p<0.05) in nearly all of the models evaluated and the linear relative rate model with a 10 year exposure lag seemed to give the best fit in the Poisson regression analysis. For those who died of lung cancer the linear relative rate model predicted rate ratios for mortality from lung cancer of about 1.6 for the mean cumulative exposure to respirable silica compared with no exposure. The excess lifetime risk (to age 85) of mortality from lung cancer for white men exposed for 45 years and with a 10 year lag period at the current Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standard of about 0.05 mg/m(3) for respirable cristobalite dust is 19/1000 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 5/1000 to 46/1000). Conclusions-There was a significant risk of mortality from lung cancer that increased with cumulative exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust. The predicted number of deaths from lung cancer suggests that current occupational health standards may not be adequately protecting workers from the risk of lung cancer. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Rice, FL (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Banks, Tamara/G-3007-2012 NR 42 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 5 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 58 IS 1 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.1136/oem.58.1.38 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 388NK UT WOS:000166187000007 PM 11119633 ER PT B AU Crews, JE Campbell, VA AF Crews, JE Campbell, VA BE Wahl, HW Schulze, HE TI An examination of secondary conditions and activity limitations of older people experiencing vision impairment SO ON THE SPECIAL NEEDS OF BLIND AND LOW VISION SENIORS: RESEARCH AND PRACTICE CONCEPTS SE ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Special Needs of the Blind and Low Vision Seniors CY MAR 16-18, 2000 CL HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP Christian Blind Mission, Ciba Vis, Claere Jung Fdn, German Relief Work Blind, Heidelberger Versorgungs Verkehrsbetriebe, IBM Handicape Ctr AB This paper has two objectives: 1) to provide an epidemiological analysis of the 1994 Health Interview Survey Second Supplement on Aging (SOA Il), 2) to present those findings within the theoretical framework of revisions of the international Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH 2). The 1994 Second Supplement on Aging, released in the fall of 1998, samples 8,767 community dwelling people over age 70. These data are population based. An analysis reveals that 18.1% of the non-institutionalized U. S. population over age 70 (3,652,626 individuals) report vision problems. Moreover, 8.6% of the population (1,724,277 individuals) report significant hearing and vision problems. Recent research in the U.S. indicates that the rates of disability may be declining among the elderly; these findings do no appear to support those estimated declines. The international Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps, initially published by WHO in 1980, has gone through considerable revisions. The ICIDH 2 embraces the complexity of disability. Findings from the SOA II suggests that older people reporting vision problems indicate higher rates of comorbidities and secondary conditions than people without vision problems. Moreover, people reporting compromised vision, report dramatically greater differences in activity limitations and greater participation restrictions. People reporting both hearing and vision problems indicate much greater rates of activity limitations and participation restrictions than people without vision and hearing problems. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Disabil & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Crews, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Disabil & Hlth Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,F-29, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 1-58603-152-X J9 ASSIST TECHN RES SER PY 2001 VL 8 BP 27 EP 31 PG 5 WC Gerontology; Ophthalmology; Rehabilitation SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Ophthalmology; Rehabilitation GA BR98M UT WOS:000168276200003 ER PT S AU Thompson, W Brammer, L Shay, D Weintraub, E Cox, N Fukuda, K AF Thompson, W Brammer, L Shay, D Weintraub, E Cox, N Fukuda, K BE Osterhaus, ADM Cox, N Hampson, AW TI Alternative models for estimating influenza-attributable P&I deaths in the US SO OPTIONS FOR THE CONTROL OF INFLUENZA IV SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Congress on Options for the Control of Influenza CY SEP 23-28, 2000 CL HERSONISSOS, GREECE DE excess deaths; mortality; cyclical regression ID UNITED-STATES; EXCESS MORTALITY; EPIDEMICS; IMPACT; CHILDREN; DISEASE AB Introduction: This study examined alternative models for estimating influenza-attributable pneumonia and influenza (P&I) deaths in the United States which included influenza specific measures of viral activity as well as measures of RSV activity. Materials and methods: P&I deaths in the United States were modeled from 1976 to 1997. Predictors in the models included influenza subtypes A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B and RSV. We analyzed data from 1976 to 1997. RSV data was available from 1990 through 1997 and therefore separate models were fit that included and excluded RSV measures. Results: Influenza accounted for an average of 4773 P&I deaths per year from 1976 to 1997. The results were highly correlated with previous estimates of P&I deaths in the United States (r=0.74, p < 0.001). From 1990 to 1997, after controlling for RSV, influenza accounted for an average of 7900 P&I deaths per year. RSV was associated with 563 P&I deaths per year during this time period. Discussion: The models in this paper provide strain specific estimates of the association between influenza and P&I deaths in the United States. The models are well suited for providing more precise measurements of the association between influenza and deaths. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Thompson, W (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, A-32,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-50575-X J9 INT CONGR SER PY 2001 VL 1219 BP 33 EP 36 DI 10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00323-5 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA BT73L UT WOS:000173897700007 ER PT S AU Cox, NJ Brammer, TL Postema, A Klimov, AI Thompson, W Fukuda, K AF Cox, NJ Brammer, TL Postema, A Klimov, AI Thompson, W Fukuda, K BE Osterhaus, ADM Cox, N Hampson, AW TI Influenza present: the impact of the 1999-2000 epidemic on morbidity and mortality in the USA SO OPTIONS FOR THE CONTROL OF INFLUENZA IV SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Congress on Options for the Control of Influenza CY SEP 23-28, 2000 CL HERSONISSOS, GREECE DE influenza surveillance; influenza variation; morbidity; mortality AB Background: During the 1999-2000 influenza season, influenza A (H3N2) viruses predominated in the United States and worldwide. Typically, influenza seasons in which influenza A (H3N2) viruses predominate are more severe than seasons in which influenza A (HIN1) and influenza B viruses are the primary circulating viruses. Three of the four indices used to monitor the impact of influenza in the US indicated that the 1999-2000 season was a typical H3N2 season; however, the P and I mortality reporting system and many media reports indicated that it was particularly severe. Methods: During the seasons covered (1996-1997 through 1999-2000), CDC received weekly reports from October through May from (1) collaborating laboratories that report on the total number of respiratory specimens tested and those that are influenza positive; (2) State and Territorial Epidemiologists who report on estimates of influenza activity in their state or territory; (3) sentinel physicians who report on the total number of patient visits and the number of cases of influenza-like illness (ILI); and (4) vital statistics offices in major US cities that report on the number of deaths related to pneumonia and influenza (P and 1). Results: During the 1999-2000 influenza season, the percentage of respiratory specimens testing positive for influenza peaked at 33%; the state and territorial epidemiologists reports peaked at 44 states reporting either regional or widespread influenza activity; the percentage of patient visits for ILI peaked at 6%; and the proportion of deaths attributed to pneumonia and influenza peaked at 11.2%. Conclusions: Influenza activity during the 1999-2000 influenza season was similar to the three previous influenza seasons as indicated by reports from state and territorial epidemiologists, the percentage of respiratory specimens positive for influenza, and the proportion of visits for ILI. The percentage of deaths attributed to P and I reported by 122 US cities was higher than the peaks of the previous three seasons; however, part of the observed increase is apparently due to changes in reporting. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cox, NJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, G-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-50575-X J9 INT CONGR SER PY 2001 VL 1219 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00404-6 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA BT73L UT WOS:000173897700008 ER PT S AU Xu, X Shaw, J Smith, CB Cox, NJ Klimov, AI AF Xu, X Shaw, J Smith, CB Cox, NJ Klimov, AI BE Osterhaus, ADM Cox, N Hampson, AW TI Multiple lineages co-circulation and genetic reassortment of the neuraminidase and hemagglutinin genes within influenza viruses of the same type/subtype SO OPTIONS FOR THE CONTROL OF INFLUENZA IV SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Congress on Options for the Control of Influenza CY SEP 23-28, 2000 CL HERSONISSOS, GREECE DE neuraminidase; hemagglutinin; reassortment AB Background: Analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of influenza A and B viruses revealed worldwide circulation of multiple genetic lineages within the same type/ subtype. Genetic reassortment between distinct genetic lineages was examined in this study. Methods: Nucleotide sequencing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used. Phylogenetic studies were used to analyze sequence data. Results: Influenza A (H3N2). The NA genes of H3N2 viruses were found to have evolved as three distinct lineages represented by A/Sydney/5/97, A/Panama/2007/99, and A/Moscow/10/99, respectively. Similar genetic groups were also found among the HA genes of these viruses. PCR/RFLP data of strains isolated between June 1999 and June 2000 showed that 122 of 141 viruses examined (87%) had their NA genes closely related to that of A/Moscow/10/99 virus; 14 of 141 viruses (10%) had A/ Panama/2007/99-like NA genes, and only 5 strains (3%) had A/Sydney/5/97-like NA genes. Viruses beating A/Panama/2007/99-like HA, and either A/Moscow/10/99-like, or A/Sydney/5/97-like NA were detected, indicating that genetic reassortments of the NA genes among different lineages of H3N2 viruses had occurred. Influenza A (H1N1). Analyses showed that the NA and HA genes of the current strains each evolved as two genetically distinct lineages, represented by A/Bayem/7/95 and A/Beijing/262/95, respectively. The NA genes of the majority of circulating H1N1 viruses were closely related to that of the current vaccine strain A/New Caledonia/20/99 virus (A/Beijing/262/95 lineage). Influenza B. The NA genes of influenza B viruses, similar to their HA genes, were found to have diverged into two genetically and antigenically distinguishable lineages represented by B/ Yamagata/16/88 (recently B/Yamanashi/166/98) and B/Victoria/2/87 (recently by B/Shandong/7/97) strains. Reassortants bearing the B/Yamagata-lilce HA and B/Victoria-like NA were isolated from several countries. Conclusion: Monitoring both HA and NA genes/antigens is important for appropriate vaccine strain selection. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Xu, X (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, G-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-50575-X J9 INT CONGR SER PY 2001 VL 1219 BP 383 EP 387 DI 10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00348-X PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA BT73L UT WOS:000173897700053 ER PT S AU Subbarao, K Lu, X Tumpey, TM Smith, CB Shaw, MW Katz, JM AF Subbarao, K Lu, X Tumpey, TM Smith, CB Shaw, MW Katz, JM BE Osterhaus, ADM Cox, N Hampson, AW TI Molecular correlates of influenza A H5N1 virus pathogenesis in mice SO OPTIONS FOR THE CONTROL OF INFLUENZA IV SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Congress on Options for the Control of Influenza CY SEP 23-28, 2000 CL HERSONISSOS, GREECE DE molecular pathogenesis; influenza H5N1; mouse pathogenicity ID A VIRUS; MOUSE MODEL; HOST RANGE; HONG-KONG; HUMANS; NEURAMINIDASE; GENES; VIRULENCE; STRAINS AB Background: In 1997, highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 viruses caused 18 human cases of respiratory illness and six deaths in Hong Kong. The genes of the H5N1 viruses isolated from humans were derived from avian influenza viruses, with no evidence of reassortment with human influenza viruses. The molecular determinants of human pathogenesis were not evident. Methods: The BALB/c mouse was used as a mammalian model to evaluate the biological and molecular basis of human H5N1 virus pathogenesis. Molecular correlates of H5N1 virus pathogenicity for mice were sought by analyzing the nucleotide sequence of human H5N1 viruses. Results: Based on high and low lethality for mice, the pathogenicity phenotype of 15 human H5N1 viruses was characterized; nine viruses displayed a high, five a low, and one an intermediate pathogenicity phenotype. H5N1 viruses with a high pathogenicity phenotype replicated in multiple solid organs and caused depletion of peripheral blood leukocytes. Sequence analysis determined that five specific amino acids in four proteins correlated with pathogenicity in mice, Conclusions: Alone or in combination, these specific residues are the likely determinants of virulence of human H5N1 influenza viruses in this mammalian model. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Subbarao, K (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, Mailstop G-16,1600 Cliftokn Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-50575-X J9 INT CONGR SER PY 2001 VL 1219 BP 595 EP 600 DI 10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00635-5 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA BT73L UT WOS:000173897700079 ER PT S AU Strikas, RA Bridges, CB Singleton, JA AF Strikas, RA Bridges, CB Singleton, JA BE Osterhaus, ADM Cox, N Hampson, AW TI Influenza vaccination recommended for all adults aged 50 years and older, United States SO OPTIONS FOR THE CONTROL OF INFLUENZA IV SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Congress on Options for the Control of Influenza CY SEP 23-28, 2000 CL HERSONISSOS, GREECE DE influenza vaccine; adults 50 years and older; United States ID WORKING ADULTS; HEALTHY; POPULATION; TRIAL AB The U.S. Public Health Services' Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices added the 41 million U.S. adults aged 50-64 years to its recommended primary target group for universal annual influenza vaccination, beginning with the 2000-2001 influenza season. Several reasons prompted lowering the recommended age from greater than or equal to 65 years. (1) Between 10 and 13 million (24-32%) of persons aged 50-64 years are at high risk for influenza-related hospitalizations (80-400 hospitalizations per 100,000 persons aged 45-64 years) and death because of chronic medical conditions. (2) Strategies to increase vaccination based on age-specific recommendations have been more successful than those based on medical conditions (e.g., in 1997, 63% of all persons aged greater than or equal to 65 years reported influenza vaccination compared to 40% of persons aged 50-64 years reporting one or more high-risk medical conditions). (3) Increased vaccination would reduce disease transmission from the substantial number in this age group who are contacts of persons at risk for influenza-related complications, such as the elderly and other high-risk adults. (4) Past data show that vaccination of healthy adults < 65 years who are at low risk for serious illness reduced the number of illnesses, physician visits, workdays missed, and antibiotic use. (5) Fifty years is an age when other preventive services begin and when routine assessment of vaccination and other preventive services has been recommended. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Strikas, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-50575-X J9 INT CONGR SER PY 2001 VL 1219 BP 665 EP 669 DI 10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00670-7 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA BT73L UT WOS:000173897700089 ER PT S AU Katz, JM Lu, X Renshaw, M Tumpey, TM Cox, NJ AF Katz, JM Lu, X Renshaw, M Tumpey, TM Cox, NJ BE Osterhaus, ADM Cox, N Hampson, AW TI Vaccines against avian influenza A H9N2 viruses SO OPTIONS FOR THE CONTROL OF INFLUENZA IV SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Congress on Options for the Control of Influenza CY SEP 23-28, 2000 CL HERSONISSOS, GREECE DE vaccines; influenza H9N2; mouse model ID A H5N1 VIRUS; DIAGNOSIS; ANTIBODY AB Background: Avian influenza A H9N2 viruses are now widespread in poultry and were recently isolated from children with influenza-like illness in Hong Kong. The development and evaluation of vaccines against H9N2 viruses is a priority for pandemic preparedness. Methods: The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of live and inactivated H9N2 viruses that represented two antigenically and genetically distinct sublineages of Eurasian H9N2 viruses, G1 and G9, were evaluated in BALB/c mice. Mice were either infected intranasally with live virus or vaccinated intramuscularly with formalin-inactivated purified virus and challenged with G1-like and G9 viruses. Results: Infection or vaccination of mice with a G1-like virus induced substantially lower serum antibody responses against homologous virus, compared with mice infected or vaccinated with a G9 virus. The G1-like inactivated vaccine, but not the G9 vaccine, induced modest levels of antibody that cross-reacted with the heterologous H9 virus. Mice infected with either G1-like or G9 viruses or vaccinated with inactivated G1-like vaccine were protected from challenge with either virus. However, mice immunized with G9 vaccine, although completely protected from homologous challenge, were only partially protected against challenge with the G1-like virus. Conclusions: This study has identified differences in immunogenicity between the G1 and G9 H9N2 virus sublineages that have consequences for the design of optimal vaccines against circulating H9 viruses. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Katz, JM (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, MS G-16 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-50575-X J9 INT CONGR SER PY 2001 VL 1219 BP 783 EP 788 DI 10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00394-6 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA BT73L UT WOS:000173897700106 ER PT S AU Chen, H Yu, K Jiang, Y Tang, X AF Chen, H Yu, K Jiang, Y Tang, X BE Osterhaus, ADM Cox, N Hampson, AW TI DNA immunization elicits high HI antibody and protects chicken from AIV challenge SO OPTIONS FOR THE CONTROL OF INFLUENZA IV SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Congress on Options for the Control of Influenza CY SEP 23-28, 2000 CL HERSONISSOS, GREECE DE avian influenza virus; DNA immunization; H5N1 subtype ID INFLUENZA-VIRUS CHALLENGE; HEMAGGLUTININ; VACCINE; INFECTION AB Background: A highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of goose origin A/Goose/Guangdong/1/ 96 (H5N1) (GD/96) shared nucleotide homology of 98% in the HA with A/HK/156/97(H5N1). The nucleotide sequences at the cleavage site, all potential glycosylation sites and the receptor binding sites in the HA were conserved. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity and efficacy of a DNA vaccine to against this virus. Methods: The HA cDNA from GD/96 was cloned under a CMV promoter to generate vaccine plasmid pCIHA, which was administered to 3-week-old SPF chickens in two doses of 100 mug (n=9) or 50 mug (n=14) by the intramuscular route, 2 weeks apart. Chickens were challenged with 10 LD50 GD/96 at 2 weeks post-boost. Results: Hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) antibody titers were 2(5.8+/-2.0) and 2(4.7+/-2.5), 2 weeks after priming, 2(8.4+/-2.7) and 2(7.6+/-3.9) and 2 weeks after boost, and 2(9.6+/-2.2) and 2(9.0+/-2.4), 1 week after challenge in chicken immunized with 100- or 50-mug pCIHA, respectively. All immunized chickens were fully protected from the lethal challenge, with no clinical signs of disease, no virus shedding and 100% survival at 10 days postchallenge. Conclusion: The plasinid pCIHA is highly immunogenic and protects SPF chickens from lethal challenge with the homologous avian influenza virus GD/96. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Harbin Vet Res Inst, Anim Influenza Res Ctr, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. RP Yu, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd MS G-16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-50575-X J9 INT CONGR SER PY 2001 VL 1219 BP 917 EP 921 DI 10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00368-5 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA BT73L UT WOS:000173897700124 ER PT S AU Klimov, AI Kiseleva, IV Desheva, JA Alexandrova, GI Cox, NJ Rudenko, LG AF Klimov, AI Kiseleva, IV Desheva, JA Alexandrova, GI Cox, NJ Rudenko, LG BE Osterhaus, ADM Cox, N Hampson, AW TI Live attenuated reassortant influenza vaccine prepared using A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) donor strain is genetically stable after replication in children 3-6 years of age SO OPTIONS FOR THE CONTROL OF INFLUENZA IV SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Congress on Options for the Control of Influenza CY SEP 23-28, 2000 CL HERSONISSOS, GREECE DE live influenza vaccine; genetic stability ID GENOME COMPOSITION; VIRUS; STABILITY AB Background: Live influenza A vaccines (LIVs) for adults and children are prepared in Russia by reasserting current epidemic strains with cold-adapted (ca) attenuated donor viruses A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) (Len/17) and A/Leningrad/134/47/57 (H2N2) (Len/47), respectively. Len/17 and Len/47 were derived from the A/Leningrad/134/57 (H2N2) wild-type virus after 17 and 47 passages in eggs at 25 T. Two doses of Len/47-based vaccine have been used for vaccinating children. In a recent study, children were vaccinated with the Len/17-based LIV in order to determine if this vaccine is safe and immunogenic after a single dose vaccination. As part of this study, type A isolates obtained from children 3-6 years of age on the third day after vaccination were analyzed for genetic stability. Methods: PCR-restriction (RFLP) analysis was used to detect mutations in genomes of isolates. Results: Internal genes of Len/17 contain eight coding mutations in the PB2 (1), PB1 (2), PA (2), M I (1), M2 (1) and NS (1) genes. All of these mutations, except one, were conserved in the genomes of all 28 strains studied. Similar to other studies with Len/17, the A-86-T change in the M2 protein, which was shown to be heterogeneous in the parent donor strain, was absent in 13 isolates. Since it was shown that mutations in polymerase genes play a leading role in the attenuation of Len/17, it is important to emphasize their conservation in all of the isolates. Moreover, an additional mutation in the PB2 protein (S-478-R), previously known only for the more attenuated Len/47 ca donor strain, was detected in 9 of 28 isolates, indicating that this mutation may also be heterogeneous in the donor virus. Conclusion: The Len/17-based LIV is genetically stable in children. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Klimov, AI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, G-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Desheva, Yulia/I-1493-2013 OI Desheva, Yulia/0000-0001-9794-3520 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-50575-X J9 INT CONGR SER PY 2001 VL 1219 BP 951 EP 954 DI 10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00020-6 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA BT73L UT WOS:000173897700129 ER PT S AU Klimov, AI Kiseleva, IV Alexandrova, GI Cox, NJ AF Klimov, AI Kiseleva, IV Alexandrova, GI Cox, NJ BE Osterhaus, ADM Cox, N Hampson, AW TI Genes coding for polymerase proteins are essential for attenuation of the cold-adapted A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) influenza virus SO OPTIONS FOR THE CONTROL OF INFLUENZA IV SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Congress on Options for the Control of Influenza CY SEP 23-28, 2000 CL HERSONISSOS, GREECE DE live influenza vaccine; attenuation; polymerase genes ID GENOME COMPOSITION; STABILITY; VACCINES; STRAINS AB Background: The A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) (Len/17) cold-adapted (ca) master strain used as a donor of attenuation for preparing live attenuated influenza vaccine was derived from the A/Leningrad/134/57 wild-type virus (Len/wt) after 17 passages in eggs at 25 degreesC. In contrast to Len/wt, the Len/17 virus is sensitive to high (40 degreesC) temperature (ts), is able to grow at low (25 T) temperature (ca), and is attenuated (att) for humans. Len/17 is different from Len/wt by eight coding mutations in internal genes PB2 (V-478-L), PB1 (K-265-N, V-591-I), PA (L-28-P, V-341-L), M1 (I-15-V), M2 (A-86-T) and NS2 (M-100-I). However, the role of individual mutant genes in the manifestation of the ts, ca, and att phenotypes was not established. To evaluate this, single gene reassortants (SGRs) with one mutated gene in the background of the Len/wt genome were studied. Methods: Since heterogeneity (A- or T-86 in the M2 gene) was noted in Len/17, the ts and ca clone 28 of this donor (Len/17-c128) that has A-86 in M2 was used to prepare the SGRs. Preservation of mutations in SGRs was monitored by PCR-restriction (RFLP) analysis. Virus replication in ferret lungs was observed to evaluate the att phenotype of SGRs. Results: PB2- and PB1-SGRs each manifested the ts phenotype, and PB2-SGR demonstrated the ca phenotype as well. PA-SGR was ca, but not ts, Mutations in the M1 and NS2 genes did not affect the ts or ca phenotypes of corresponding SGRs. Ferrets infected with Len/17-cl28, Len/wt and PB2-, PB1- or PA-SGRs demonstrated comparable titers in nasal turbinates on the third day, while infectious virus was found only in the lungs of ferrets infected with Len/wt and PA-SGR. Conclusion: These data suggest that mutations in the PB2 (V-478-L) and PB1 (K-265-N, V-591-I) genes play a critical role in the attenuation of the ca Len/17 vaccine donor strain. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Klimov, AI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, G-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-50575-X J9 INT CONGR SER PY 2001 VL 1219 BP 955 EP 959 DI 10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00369-7 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA BT73L UT WOS:000173897700130 ER PT S AU Tumpey, TM Clements, JD Katz, JM AF Tumpey, TM Clements, JD Katz, JM BE Osterhaus, ADM Cox, N Hampson, AW TI Mucosal vaccination protects mice against influenza A heterosubtypic challenge SO OPTIONS FOR THE CONTROL OF INFLUENZA IV SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Congress on Options for the Control of Influenza CY SEP 23-28, 2000 CL HERSONISSOS, GREECE DE vaccines; influenza H5N1; mouse model ID HEAT-LABILE ENTEROTOXIN; A VIRUS-INFECTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IMMUNITY; HUMANS; REPLICATION AB Background: The introduction of an influenza A virus possessing a novel hemagglutinin (HA) into an immunologically naive human population has the potential to cause the next influenza pandemic. The recent emergence of avian H5 and H9 influenza subtypes into the human population has renewed the search for a vaccine strategy that induces broadly cross-reactive or heterosubtypic immunity (Het-1), with the potential to protect individuals against multiple subtypes of influenza A virus. Methods: Mice vaccinated mucosally with a formalin-inactivated X-31 (H3N2) virus vaccine coadministrated with a mutant form of heat-labile enterotoxin (mLT) from Escherichia coli as an adjuvant were challenged with the highly pathogenic human H5N1 influenza A (A/HK/483/97) subtype. As the indicator of Het-1, survival and reduction in virus shedding from the respiratory tract were determined. Serum and mucosal antibody responses were compared between immune and nonimmune control mice. Results: Mice that received three intranasal immunizations of H3N2 vaccine coadministered with 1-5 mug of mLT had increased levels of antiviral IgG and IgA antibodies, and lower levels of infectious virus observed in lung tissues when compared with mice which received vaccine alone. Mice administered H3N2/mLT vaccine were completely protected against lethal H5N1 challenge and had viral titers that were at least 1000-fold lower than control mice receiving mLT alone. Conclusions: These results suggest a strategy of mucosal vaccination that stimulates cross-protection against an influenza subtype with pandemic potential. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, DVRD, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Katz, JM (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, DVRD, Influenza Branch, Mailstop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-50575-X J9 INT CONGR SER PY 2001 VL 1219 BP 985 EP 992 DI 10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00653-7 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA BT73L UT WOS:000173897700135 ER PT J AU Langlois, JA Mussolino, ME Visser, M Looker, AC Harris, T Madans, J AF Langlois, JA Mussolino, ME Visser, M Looker, AC Harris, T Madans, J TI Weight loss from maximum body weight among middle-aged and older white women and the risk of hip fracture: The NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE aged; body weight; hip fracture ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; MASS INDEX; US ADULTS AB Although weight loss increases bone loss and hip fracture risk in older women, little is known about the relation between weight loss in middle-aged women and subsequent hip fracture risk. The objective of this study was to determine the association between weight loss from reported maximum body weight in middle-aged and older women and the risk of hip fracture. Data were from a nationally representative sample of 2180 community-dwelling white women aged 50-74 years from the Epidemiologic Follow-up Study of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHEFS). In this prospective cohort study, incident hip fracture was ascertained during 22 years of follow-up. The adjusted relative risks associated with weight loss of 10% or more from maximum body weight were elevated for both middle-aged (RR 2.54; 95% CI 1. 10-5.86) and older women (RR 2.04, 95% Cl 1.37-3.04). For both ages combined, women in the lowest tertile of body mass index at maximum who lost 10% or more of weight had the highest risk of hip fracture (RR 2.37; 95% CI 1.32-4.27). Weight loss from maximum reported body weight in women aged 50-64 years and 65-74 years increased their risk of hip fracture, especially among those who were relatively thin. Weight loss of 10% or more from maximum weight among both middle-aged and older women is an important indicator of hip fracture risk. C1 NIA, Epidemiol Demog & Biometry Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Langlois, JA (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Acute Care Rehabil Res & Disabil Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS F-41, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 19 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING GU7 3DJ, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PY 2001 VL 12 IS 9 BP 763 EP 768 DI 10.1007/s001980170053 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 481HE UT WOS:000171513200010 PM 11605743 ER PT J AU Sobottka, I Iglauer, F Schuler, T Schmetz, C Visvesvara, GS Albrecht, H Schwartz, DA Pieniazek, NJ Bartscht, K Laufs, R Schottelius, J AF Sobottka, I Iglauer, F Schuler, T Schmetz, C Visvesvara, GS Albrecht, H Schwartz, DA Pieniazek, NJ Bartscht, K Laufs, R Schottelius, J TI Acute and long-term humoral immunity following active immunization of rabbits with inactivated spores of various Encephalitozoon species SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEPTATA-INTESTINALIS INFECTION; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; WESTERN-BLOT; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; CUNICULI; AIDS; MICROSPORIDIA; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; DIAGNOSIS; PATIENT AB Microsporidia of the genus Encephalitozoon are increasingly being reported as a cause of severe, often disseminated infections, mainly in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Immunological identification of each of the three recognized species (E. cuniculi, E. hellem, and E. intestinalis) requires the availability of specific immune sera. All sera available thus far have been generated by direct inoculation of rabbits with virulent microsporidian spores. This study demonstrates for the first time that subcutaneous immunization with inactivated spores of E. cuniculi, E. hellem, or E. intestinalis is capable of generating highly active rabbit hyperimmune sera to the homologous antigens, with maximal titers being 1:5,120, 1:1,280, and 1:2,560, respectively, as determined by the indirect immunofluorescence technique (IIF). Broad cross-reactivity of the rabbit antisera with all heterologous Encephalitozoon antigens was determined by IIF and immunogold electron microscopy; however, only the E. hellem immune serum strongly cross-reacted with spores of Enterocytozoon bieneusi. During the 35-month follow-up period the antibody titers to the homologous antigens declined to 1:640, 1:160, and 1:320, respectively. The observed decay curves for antibody titers against E. cuniculi, E. hellem, and E. intestinalis were fitted using mathematical modeling, resulting in a predicted duration for specific immune responses of about 7 years on average. Knowledge of the magnitude and duration of specific immune responses is a prerequisite for further evaluation of the concept of using inactivated microsporidian spores in the quest for vaccines against microsporidian infections. C1 Univ Hamburg, Hosp Eppendorf, Inst Med Microbiol & Immunol, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Hosp Eppendorf, Lab Anim Facil, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany. Bernhard Nocht Inst Trop Med, Lab Anim Facil, Hamburg, Germany. Bernhard Nocht Inst Trop Med, Dept Parasitol, Hamburg, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sobottka, I (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Hosp Eppendorf, Inst Med Microbiol & Immunol, Martinistr 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany. RI Albrecht, Helmut/D-5319-2011 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 87 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1007/s004360000297 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 392JD UT WOS:000166407200001 PM 11199842 ER PT J AU Kourtis, AP Ibegbu, CC Scinicarrielo, F Lee, FK AF Kourtis, AP Ibegbu, CC Scinicarrielo, F Lee, FK TI Effects of different HIV strains on thymic epithelial cultures SO PATHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thymus; HIV strains; thymic epithelium ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CELLS IN-VITRO; SCID-HU MICE; ORGAN-CULTURE; INFECTED INFANTS; VIVO; MODEL; PATHOGENESIS; LOCALIZATION; LYMPHOCYTES AB The thymus is the major site for T cell development; interactions of developing thymocytes with thymic epithelial cells are critical for normal thymopoiesis. We set out to determine whether thymic epithelial cells can be infected by HIV strains that cause different patterns of disease progression in infected infants. Thymic epithelial cell monolayers were prepared from normal thymus of infants, removed at the time of cardiac surgery. We infected the thymic epithelial cell monolayers with different strains of HIV, including laboratory strains and clinical strains from 3 of our pediatric HIV-infected patients with different patterns of disease progression. We found that different strains of HIV have different ability to infect thymic epithelial cells; the ability to infect thymic epithelial cells may not be directly related to CCR5/CXCR4 usage. Different HIV strains thus appear to employ different mechanisms by which they affect thymic components. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Dept Microbiol Immunol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kourtis, AP (reprint author), CDC, EVMS, HIV Sect, NCCDPHP, 3439 T N Druid Hills Rd, Decatur, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-2008 J9 PATHOBIOLOGY JI Pathobiology PY 2001 VL 69 IS 6 BP 329 EP 332 DI 10.1159/000064640 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Pathology GA 601QE UT WOS:000178457500006 PM 12324710 ER PT J AU Mounts, AW Amr, S Jamshidi, R Groves, C Dwyer, D Guarner, J Dawson, JE Oberste, MS Parashar, U Spevak, P Alexander, J AF Mounts, AW Amr, S Jamshidi, R Groves, C Dwyer, D Guarner, J Dawson, JE Oberste, MS Parashar, U Spevak, P Alexander, J TI A cluster of fulminant myocarditis cases in children, Baltimore, Maryland, 1997 SO PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE myocarditis; enterovirus; cardiomyopathy; congestive heart failure ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; DISEASE; RNA AB The true incidence of myocarditis in children is difficult to estimate because many mild cases go undetected. This study describes an unusual cluster of myocarditis cases that occurred in young children living in the greater Baltimore area between May and October 1997. A search of multiple comprehensive databases and interviews with area pediatric cardiologists were conducted to identify unreported cases and determine the background rate of myocarditis in the area. Seven cases of myocarditis were found as well as two with a similar clinical picture and myocardial fibrosis on tissue examination. Six case patients with active myocarditis and one child with fibrosis died. The case children were predominantly black (eight of nine) and male (seven of nine), with no identifiable risk factors. The disease was characterized by a fulminant course with malignant arrhythmias. The greatest number of pediatric myocarditis deaths reported in 1 year prior to 1997 was three. Myocardial tissues were examined using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction but no etiologic agent was identified. This outbreak is unusual because of both the number of cases and the fulminant course of the disease in this group of children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Epidemiol & Dis Control Program, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Guarner, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS G-32, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0172-0643 EI 1432-1971 J9 PEDIATR CARDIOL JI Pediatr. Cardiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 22 IS 1 BP 34 EP 39 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Pediatrics SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Pediatrics GA 384TB UT WOS:000165960000007 PM 11123124 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, CM Bresee, JS Parashar, UD Riggs, TL Holman, RC Glass, RI AF Zimmerman, CM Bresee, JS Parashar, UD Riggs, TL Holman, RC Glass, RI TI Cost of diarrhea-associated hospitalizations and outpatient visits in an insured population of young children in the United States SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE diarrhea; children; cost; hospitalizations; outpatient visits ID ROTAVIRUS IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; TRENDS; MORBIDITY; INFANTS; DISEASE; IMPACT; CODE AB Objective. To assess the financial and clinical burden of diarrhea- and rotavirus-associated disease among a population of privately insured US children. Methods. For the period 1993 through 1996, we analyzed medical claims data from a large, administrative database containing information on similar to 300 000 children <5 years of age to examine trends in, and costs associated, with hospitalizations and outpatient visits for diarrhea. Results. An annual average of 1186 diarrhea-associated hospitalizations (35 per 10 000 children <5 years) and 33 386 outpatient visits (943 per 10 000 children <5 years) were reported, accounting for 4% of all hospitalizations and 2% of all outpatient visits among children <5 years of age. Diarrhea-associated hospitalizations and outpatient visits showed a distinct winter-spring peak consistent with that of rotavirus infection. The excess of diarrhea-associated events occurring during the winter-spring peak accounted for an average of 50% of all diarrhea-associated hospitalizations and 18% of all diarrhea-associated outpatient visits. The median cost (in 1998 constant dollars) of a diarrhea-associated hospitalization was $2307, and that for a rotavirus-associated hospitalization was $2303. Median costs of diarrhea- and rotavirus-associated outpatient visits were $47 and $57, respectively. Conclusions. Diarrhea is an important cause of morbidity in this insured population of young children. The epidemiologic features of diarrhea-associated events suggest that rotavirus is an important contributor to the overall morbidity from diarrhea. These disease burden and cost estimates should provide useful information with which to assess the costs and benefits of future interventions for rotavirus-associated illness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zimmerman, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Mail Stop G-04,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. NR 24 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1 BP 14 EP 19 DI 10.1097/00006454-200101000-00004 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 392JQ UT WOS:000166408300004 PM 11176561 ER PT J AU Winquist, AG Roome, A Hadler, J AF Winquist, AG Roome, A Hadler, J TI Varicella outbreak at a summer camp for human immunodeficiency virus-infected children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Epidemic-Intelligence-Service Conference CY APR 20-24, 1998 CL CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Epidem Intelligence Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent HO CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT DE varicella; human immunodeficiency virus infections; disease outbreaks; intravenous immunoglobulin ID ZOSTER IMMUNE GLOBULIN; BACTERIAL-INFECTIONS; PREVENTION AB Objectives. Varicella can result in severe, persistent, or recurrent disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children. In the summer of 1997, we were notified of a suspected varicella outbreak among attendees of a summer camp for HIV-infected children. We investigated this outbreak to determine the extent and sequelae of the outbreak, and to identify factors that contributed to the outbreak to identify measures for preventing such outbreaks at the camp in the future. Design. To identify varicella-susceptible persons and those developing varicella after camp and to evaluate the camp's varicella prevention measures, we reviewed camp records for the 110 campers and 96 staff at the implicated camp session, mailed questionnaires to the campers' parents/guardians and physicians, and interviewed susceptible staff. We defined a case as varicella in a person who attended the session with onset less than or equal to 21 days after the session ended. Results. Eleven of 31 susceptible children (36%) and 2 of 4 susceptible adults developed varicella. Two children were hospitalized. One developed cellulitis. Cases occurred among children in 5 of 15 cabins. The most likely index case was a child with active zoster at camp, reported to the camp after the session ended. The camp had varicella-prevention measures in place, but the varicella-susceptibility and exposure information provided to the camp was often incomplete or inaccurate. Staff with no varicella history underwent serologic testing, but susceptible staff members were not vaccinated. Conclusions. Widespread varicella transmission occurred at the camp. A case of zoster was the most likely source. The risk for such outbreaks can be minimized through vaccinating susceptible staff members, considering vaccination for asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic HIV-infected children according to Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines, rigorously collecting recent varicella and zoster exposure information, excluding anyone with active varicella or zoster or with recent varicella or zoster exposure, and considering varicella and zoster exposures at camp to be potentially camp-wide. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Community Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Hartford, CT USA. RP Winquist, AG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2001 VL 107 IS 1 BP 67 EP 72 DI 10.1542/peds.107.1.67 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 387YL UT WOS:000166150600024 PM 11134436 ER PT J AU Stokley, S Rodewald, LE Maes, EF AF Stokley, S Rodewald, LE Maes, EF TI The impact of record scattering on the measurement of immunization coverage SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE immunization; assessment; provider validation; record scattering ID CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION; CHILDREN; VACCINE; RATES AB Background. Lack of a consolidated immunization record may lead to problems with determining individual immunization needs at office visits as well as measuring vaccination coverage levels of a clinician's practice or a community's population. Objectives. For children with multiple immunization providers, evaluate the difference in coverage levels using data from all responding immunization providers compared with: 1) the most recent immunization provider's records, 2) the first immunization provider's records, and 3) a randomly selected immunization provider's records. Identify characteristics of the most recent provider that may be associated with reporting incomplete immunization histories. Methods. Data from the 1995 National Immunization Provider Record Check Study (NIPRCS) were used for analysis. The NIPRCS is a provider validation study of the household reported immunization histories of all children 19 to 35 months of age included in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Providers identified by the child's parent during the NHIS interview are mailed a 2-page survey to report all immunizations (type and date) the child received, regardless of the provider who administered the shots, and child's first and most recent visit dates to the practice. Results. Of the 1352 children with provider data, 304 (22%) had received immunizations from more than one provider. Compared with information from all providers and depending on the vaccine, the most recent provider records underestimated coverage by 9.6 to 13.4 percentage points; the initial provider records underestimated coverage by 15.6 to 34.6 percentage points; and the randomly selected provider records underestimated coverage by 10.0 to 20.7 percentage points. Public facilities and having an immunization summary sheet in the patient's chart were associated with having complete records. Conclusion. Scattered immunization records significantly compromise the ability of clinicians to determine the immunization status of their patients who received immunizations at other sites of health care. Routinely assessing immunization coverage levels at the practice level, implementing a recall system, and developing community-wide immunization registries are some strategies to reduce the problem of scattered immunization records. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stokley, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2001 VL 107 IS 1 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1542/peds.107.1.91 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 387YL UT WOS:000166150600028 PM 11134440 ER PT J AU Trepka, MJ Belongia, EA Chyou, PH Davis, JP Schwartz, B AF Trepka, MJ Belongia, EA Chyou, PH Davis, JP Schwartz, B TI The effect of a community intervention trial on parental knowledge and awareness of antibiotic resistance and appropriate antibiotic use in children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE antibiotics; antimicrobial use; antimicrobial resistance; parents; health education ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; JUDICIOUS USE; OTITIS-MEDIA; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; COMMON COLD; RISK-FACTORS; CARE-CENTER; PENICILLIN AB Background. Overuse of antibiotics for children's upper respiratory infections is widespread and contributes to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Objective. To assess changes in knowledge and awareness regarding antibiotic resistance and appropriate antibiotic use after community-wide educational interventions to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use. Design. Baseline survey conducted during June through July 1997 and postintervention survey of baseline participants during June through August 1998. Setting. Communities in northern Wisconsin. Participants. Parents of 729 randomly selected children <4 years of age were called until 215 in each of the intervention and control areas were reached. Of the 430 baseline participants, 365 (85%) participated in the postintervention survey. Intervention. Parent-oriented activities included distribution of materials and presentations. Physician-oriented activities included formal presentations and small group meetings. Outcome Measure. Change in awareness about antibiotic resistance and knowledge about antibiotic indications. Results. A higher proportion of parents in the intervention area (53%) were exposed to 2 or more local educational messages, compared with the control area (23%). From the baseline to the postintervention survey, the percentage of parents with a high degree of antibiotic resistance awareness increased more in the intervention area (58% to 73%) than in the control area (60% to 65%). In the intervention area, there was also a larger increase in knowledge regarding appropriate indications for antibiotic use, compared with the control area. The proportion of parents who expected an antibiotic for their child and did not receive one declined in the intervention area (14% to 9%), while it increased in the control area (7% to 10%). In addition, the percentage of parents in the intervention area who brought their child to another physician because they did not receive an antibiotic decreased (5% to 2%), while it increased in the control area (2% to 4%). Conclusion. Parental knowledge and awareness about antibiotic indications and antibiotic resistance can be changed with educational interventions directed at parents and clinicians. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligent Serv, State Branch, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training,Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis, Madison, WI USA. Marshfield epidemiol Res Fdn, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Marshfield, WI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Trepka, MJ (reprint author), Miami Dade Cty Hlth Dept, Off Epidemiol & Dis Control, 1350 NW 14th St, Miami, FL 33021 USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU513299-01] NR 38 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2001 VL 107 IS 1 BP art. no. EP e6 DI 10.1542/peds.107.1.e6 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 387YL UT WOS:000166150600006 PM 11134470 ER PT J AU Visser, M Bouter, LM McQuillan, GM Wener, MH Harris, TB AF Visser, M Bouter, LM McQuillan, GM Wener, MH Harris, TB TI Low-grade systemic inflammation in overweight children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE inflammation; obesity; children ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PLASMA-CONCENTRATION; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; BIOLOGICAL VARIATION; METABOLIC SYNDROME; DIABETES-MELLITUS AB Objective. Human adipose tissue expresses and releases the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6, potentially inducing low-grade systemic inflammation in persons with excess body fat. To limit potential confounding by inflammation-related diseases and subclinical cardiovascular disease, we tested the hypothesis that overweight is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation in children. Design and Setting. The third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994, a representative sample of the US population. Participants. A total of 3512 children 8 to 16 years of age. Outcome Measures. Elevated serum C-reactive protein concentration (CRP; >.22 mg/dL) and white blood cell count (10(9) cells/L). Results. Elevated CRP was present in 7.1% of the boys and 6.1% of the girls. Overweight children (defined as having a body mass index or a sum of 3 skinfolds (triceps, subscapula, and supra-iliac) above the gender-specific 85th percentile) were more likely to have elevated CRP than were their normal-weight counterparts. After adjustment for potential confounders, including smoking and health status, the odds ratio (OR) was 3.74 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.66-8.43) for overweight boys and the OR was 3.17 (95% CI: 1.60-6.28) for overweight girls, based on the body mass index. Based on the sum of 3 skinfolds, these ORs were 5.11 (95% CI: 2.36-11.06) and 2.89 (95% CI: 1.49-5.59) for boys and girls, respectively. Overweight was also associated with statistically significant higher white blood cell counts. The results were similar when restricted to healthy, non-smoking, nonestrogen-using children. Conclusions. In children 8 to 16 years of age, overweight is associated with higher CRP concentrations and higher white blood cell counts. These findings suggest a state of low-grade systemic inflammation in overweight children. C1 Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Med, Inst Res Extramural Med, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands. NIA, Epidemiol Demog & Biometry Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Visser, M (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Med, Inst Res Extramural Med, Van der Boechorststr 7, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands. NR 57 TC 166 Z9 174 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2001 VL 107 IS 1 BP art. no. EP e13 DI 10.1542/peds.107.1.e13 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 387YL UT WOS:000166150600013 PM 11134477 ER PT J AU Chotpitayasunondh, T Vanprapar, N Simonds, RJ Chokephaibulkit, K Waranawat, N Mock, P Chuachoowong, R Young, N Mastro, TD Shaffer, N AF Chotpitayasunondh, T Vanprapar, N Simonds, RJ Chokephaibulkit, K Waranawat, N Mock, P Chuachoowong, R Young, N Mastro, TD Shaffer, N CA Bangkok Collaborative Perinatal HI TI Safety of late in utero exposure to zidovudine in infants born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected mothers: Bangkok SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE zidovudine; vertical HIV transmission; children; disease progression; Thailand ID NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGS; IN-UTERO; TRANSMISSION; THAILAND; TYPE-1; SUBSET; WOMEN; TRIAL AB Background. Short-course zidovudine (ZDV) given in the late antenatal period can reduce mother-infant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission by one half. Because this intervention is being implemented in developing countries, evidence of its safety is needed. Methods. In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in Bangkok, HIV-infected pregnant women received either ZDV (300 mg twice daily from 36 weeks' gestation until labor, then every 3 hours until delivery) or an identical placebo regimen. Infants were evaluated at birth and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 months of age. Growth, clinical events, and hematologic and immunologic measurements were compared between treatment groups. Results. Of the 395 children born (196 in ZDV group and 199 in placebo group), 330 were uninfected, 55 were infected, and 10 had indeterminate infection status. Overall, 319 children (81%) completed 18 months of follow-up, and 14 (4%) died before 18 months of age. Among uninfected children, the mean hematocrit was lower in the ZDV group at birth (49.1% vs 51.5%) but not at later ages; mean weight, height, head circumference, and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocyte counts were similar in both groups at all ages. Five uninfected children in the ZDV group but only one in the placebo group had a febrile convulsion. No other signs suggestive of mitochondrial dysfunction and no tumors were observed. Among infected children, an estimated 62% in the ZDV group and 77% in the placebo group survived free of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention class C disease during the 18-month follow-up. Conclusions. No significant adverse events were associated with short-course ZDV during 18 months of follow-up in this population. C1 HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Med Siriraj Hosp, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Med Serv, Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Simonds, RJ (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, DMS 6 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2001 VL 107 IS 1 AR e5 DI 10.1542/peds.107.1.e5 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 387YL UT WOS:000166150600005 PM 11134469 ER PT J AU Huang, HP Galperin, B Sukoriansky, S AF Huang, HP Galperin, B Sukoriansky, S TI Anisotropic spectra in two-dimensional turbulence on the surface of a rotating sphere SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID FORCED 2-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; BETA-PLANE TURBULENCE; INVERSE ENERGY CASCADE; BAROTROPIC MODEL; WAVE TURBULENCE; KOLMOGOROV FLOW; EDDY VISCOSITY; ZONAL JETS; PARAMETERIZATION; PREDICTABILITY AB The anisotropic characteristics of small-scale forced 2D turbulence on the surface of a rotating sphere are investigated. In the absence of rotation, the Kolmogorov k(-5/3) spectrum is recovered with the Kolmogorov constant C(K)approximate to6, close to previous estimates in plane geometry. Under strong rotation, in long-term simulations without a large-scale drag, a -5 slope emerges in the vicinity of the zonal axis (k(x)-->0), while a -5/3 slope prevails in other sectors far away from the zonal axis in the wave number plane. This picture is consistent with the new flow regime recently simulated by Chekhlov [Physica D 98, 321-334 (1995)] and Smith and Waleffe [Phys. Fluids 11, 1608-1622 (1999)] on the beta plane. The concentration of energy in the zonal components and breaking of isotropy are caused by the strongly anisotropic spectral energy transfer and the stabilization of zonal mean flow by the meridional gradient of the planetary vorticity. The sharp tilt-up of the spectrum along the zonal axis was qualitatively understood through the scale-dependent stability property of the zonal flow. Under planetary rotation, the capacity for the zonal jets to hold energy and remain stable sharply increases with an increase of the meridional scale of the jets. In our simulations that were virtually inviscid at the large scales, the energy spectrum along the zonal axis tilts up all the way to the largest possible scale, indicating an apparent up-scale energy "cascade" along the zonal axis. This apparent up-scale cascade corresponds to a process of continuous mergers of zonal jets that does not cease until reaching the largest scale. This picture is consistent with the inviscid scenario for jet merging discussed by Manfroi and Young [J. Atmos. Sci. 56, 784-800 (1999)]. It contrasts the viscous scenario (for flows under the influence of a constant bottom drag) simulated in several previous studies, in which a distinct and finite jet scale emerges asymptotically. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Colorado, CDC, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Mech Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Perlstone Ctr Aeronaut Engn Studies, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Huang, HP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CDC, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI SUKORIANSKY, SEMION/F-1260-2012 NR 64 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JAN PY 2001 VL 13 IS 1 BP 225 EP 240 DI 10.1063/1.1327594 PG 16 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 383BT UT WOS:000165863200022 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Mokdad, AH AF Ford, ES Mokdad, AH TI Fruit and vegetable consumption and diabetes mellitus incidence among US adults SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cohort studies; diabetes; diet; fruit; incidence; vegetables ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; DIETARY FIBER; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INCREASING PREVALENCE; NATIONAL-HEALTH; INSULIN ACTION; UNITED-STATES; FREE-RADICALS; FOLLOW-UP; RISK AB Background. Adequate fruit and vegetable intake may lower the risk of several chronic diseases, but little is known about how it affects the risk of diabetes mellitus. Methods. We examined whether fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with diabetes incidence in a cohort of U.S. adults aged 25-74 years who were followed for about 20 years. Results. In the analytic sample of 9,665 participants, 1,018 developed diabetes mellitus. The mean daily intake of fruits and vegetables as well as the percentage of participants consuming five or more fruits and vegetables per day was lower among persons who developed diabetes than among persons who remained free of this disease (P < 0.001). After adjustments for age, race or ethnicity, cigarette smoking, systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medication, serum cholesterol concentration, body mass index, recreational exercise, nonrecreational exercise, and alcohol consumption, the hazard ratio for participants consuming five or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day compared with those consuming none was 0.73 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.54-0.98) for all participants, 0.54 (95% CI, 0.36-0.81) for women, and 1.09 (95% CI, 0.63-1.87) for men. Adding education to the model changed the hazard ratios to 0.79 (95% CI, 0.59-1.06) for all participants, 0.61 (95% CI, 0.42-0.88) for women, and 1.14 (95% CI, 0.67-1.93) for men. Conclusions. Fruit and vegetable intake may be inversely associated with diabetes incidence particularly among women. Education may explain partly this association. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 50 TC 166 Z9 171 U1 1 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1006/pmed.2000.0772 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 391YJ UT WOS:000166383600004 PM 11162324 ER PT J AU Phelan, EA Buist, DSM Anderson, LA Newton, KM Delaney, KM LaCroix, AZ AF Phelan, EA Buist, DSM Anderson, LA Newton, KM Delaney, KM LaCroix, AZ TI Understanding attitudes of older women toward hormone replacement therapy SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE estrogen replacement therapy; menopause; attitude ID CHRONIC DISEASE SCORE; ESTROGEN; PROGESTIN AB Background. Counseling women facing the decision to initiate, continue, or discontinue hormone replacement therapy represents a major challenge for providers. Women's attitudes deserve careful consideration in this context, because attitudes may influence hormone replacement therapy use and patients' satisfaction with decision-making. Little is known about factors that may explain different attitudes. Methods. To evaluate the association between characteristics of peri- and postmenopausal women and their attitudes toward hormone replacement therapy, we conducted a population-based, computer-assisted telephone survey of 1,076 randomly selected women, ages 50-80, at a staff-model health maintenance organization. Women with a positive or neutral attitude were compared to those with a negative attitude, We examined associations between attitudes and demographic and clinical characteristics, self-rated health status, physical function, personal and family history of conditions affected by hormone replacement therapy, gynecologic visits, provider characteristics, interactions with provider, and sources of information about hormone replacement therapy, Results. The perception of being adequately informed about the benefits of hormone replacement therapy by one's provider was associated with a tripling of the likelihood of having a positive attitude toward hormone replacement therapy, Additional factors associated with positive attitudes included past hormone replacement therapy use, younger age, a higher level of physical functioning, and personal history of heart disease. Relationships between these variables and attitudes varied among current hormone replacement therapy users and nonusers, Conclusions. The study findings reinforce the critical role of provider counseling in shaping women's attitudes about hormone replacement therapy. (C) 2000 American Health Foundation and Academic Press. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Gerontol & Geriatr Med, Seattle, WA USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Phelan, EA (reprint author), Dept Med Gerontol & Geriatr Med, 325 9th Ave,Box 359755, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. FU PHS HHS [CCU009654-04] NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1006/pmed.2000.0768 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 391YJ UT WOS:000166383600006 PM 11162326 ER PT J AU Khan, AS Swerdlow, DL Juranek, DD AF Khan, AS Swerdlow, DL Juranek, DD TI Precautions against biological and chemical terrorism directed at food and water supplies SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; MASSIVE OUTBREAK; UNITED-STATES; SALMONELLA; INFECTION; SURVEILLANCE; MILK; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; CONTAMINATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Deliberate food and water contamination remains the easiest way to distribute biological or chemical agents for the purpose of terrorism, despite the national focus on dissemination of these agents as small-particle aerosols or volatile liquids. Moreover, biological terrorism as a result of sabotage of our food supply has already occurred in the United States. A review of naturally occurring food- and waterborne outbreaks exposes this vulnerability and reaffirms that, depending on the site of contamination, a significant number of people could be infected or injured over a wide geographic area. Major knowledge gaps exist with regard to the feasibility of current disinfection and inspection methods to protect our food and water against contamination by a number of biological and chemical agents. However, a global increase in food and water safety initiatives combined with enhanced disease surveillance and response activities are our best hope to prevent and respond quickly to food- and waterborne bioterrorism. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Khan, AS (reprint author), CDC, MS A-26,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 55 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 14 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 116 IS 1 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1093/phr/116.1.3 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 468NJ UT WOS:000170763500003 PM 11571403 ER PT J AU Koplan, J AF Koplan, J TI CDC's strategic plan for bioterrorism preparedness and response SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd National Symposium on Medical and Public Health Response to Bioterrorism Public Health Emergency and National Security Threat CY NOV, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Koplan, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2001 VL 116 SU 2 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1016/S0033-3549(04)50132-2 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 508CT UT WOS:000173070200004 PM 11880662 ER PT J AU Doll, L Berkelman, R Rosenfield, A Baker, E AF Doll, L Berkelman, R Rosenfield, A Baker, E TI Extramural prevent on research at the centers for disease control and prevention SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article C1 CDC, Prevent Res Ctr Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. RP Doll, L (reprint author), CDC, Prevent Res Ctr Program, 4770 Buford Highway,K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2001 VL 116 SU 1 BP 10 EP 19 DI 10.1093/phr/116.S1.10 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 470JA UT WOS:000170866800003 PM 11889271 ER PT J AU Green, L Daniel, M Novick, L AF Green, L Daniel, M Novick, L TI Partnerships and coalitions for community-based research SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID HEALTH PROMOTION; PREVENTION; INTERVENTIONS; PROJECT; PROGRAM; MODEL C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Med, Syracuse, NY USA. RP Green, L (reprint author), CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Daniel, Mark/A-1151-2009 NR 52 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 7 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2001 VL 116 SU 1 BP 20 EP 31 DI 10.1093/phr/116.S1.20 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 470JA UT WOS:000170866800004 PM 11889272 ER PT J AU Piper, MA Lindenmayer, JM Lengerich, EJ Pass, KA Brown, WG Crowder, WB Khoury, MJ Baker, TG Lloyd-Puryear, MA Bryan, JL AF Piper, MA Lindenmayer, JM Lengerich, EJ Pass, KA Brown, WG Crowder, WB Khoury, MJ Baker, TG Lloyd-Puryear, MA Bryan, JL TI The role of state public health agencies in genetics and disease prevention: Results of a national survey SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Objectives. The onset and severity of the clinical expression of most diseases that are of public health importance are influenced by genetic predisposition. The ability to assess human genetic predisposition for many diseases is increasing rapidly. Therefore, state public health agencies should be incorporating new developments in genetics and disease prevention into their core functions of assessment, policy development, and assurance. The authors assessed the status of this process. Methods. The Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) surveyed states about projects and concerns related to genetics and public health activities. Respondents were the Health Officer, the Maternal and Child Health/Genetics Program Director, the Chronic Disease Program Director, and the Laboratory Director. Where applicable, responses were categorized into assessment, policy development, and assurance functions. Results. Thirty-eight (76%) state health departments responded. Ongoing genetics activities were assurance (82%), assessment (17%), and policy development (2%). In contrast, Health Officers responded that future genetics activities would be distributed differently: assurance, 41%; assessment, 36%; and policy development, 23%. Future assurance activities would be largely educational. Topics of interest and recently initiated activities in genetics were primarily assessment functions. Funding was the greatest concern, followed by lack of proven disease prevention measures and outcomes data. Conclusions. State health departments recognize a need to realign their activities to meet future developments in genetics. Lack of adequate resources, proven disease prevention measures, and outcomes data are potential barriers. Public health agencies need to develop a strategic plan to meet the opportunities associated with the development and implementation of genetic tests and procedures. C1 Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Providence, RI 02908 USA. Blue Cross & Blue Shield Assoc, Technol Evaluat Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, Hershey, PA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Lab Newborn Screening, Albany, NY USA. Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Genet Branch, Maternal & Child Hlth Bur, Rockville, MD USA. Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Washington, DC USA. RP Lindenmayer, JM (reprint author), Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Cannon Bldg,3 Capitol Hill, Providence, RI 02908 USA. OI Lengerich, Eugene/0000-0001-9872-1647; Piper, Margaret/0000-0002-6231-9653 NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 116 IS 1 BP 22 EP 31 DI 10.1093/phr/116.1.22 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 468NJ UT WOS:000170763500005 PM 11571405 ER PT J AU Yoon, PW Rasmussen, SA Lynberg, MC Moore, CA Anderka, M Carmichael, SL Costa, P Druschel, C Hobbs, CA Romitti, PA Langlois, PH Edmonds, LD AF Yoon, PW Rasmussen, SA Lynberg, MC Moore, CA Anderka, M Carmichael, SL Costa, P Druschel, C Hobbs, CA Romitti, PA Langlois, PH Edmonds, LD TI The National Birth Defects Prevention Study SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; ORAL CLEFTS; OROFACIAL CLEFTS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; CANDIDATE GENES; INFANTS; RISK; DISEQUILIBRIUM; AMPLIFICATION AB The National Birth Defects Prevention Study was designed to identify infants with major birth defects and evaluate genetic and environmental factors associated with the occurrence of birth defects. The ongoing case-control study covers an annual birth population of 482,000 and includes cases identified from birth defect surveillance registries in eight states. Infants used as controls are randomly selected from birth certificates or birth hospital records. Mothers of case and control infants are interviewed and parents are asked to collect buccal cells from themselves and their infants for DNA testing. Information gathered from the inter-views and the DNA specimens will be used to study independent genetic and environmental factors and gene-environment interactions for a broad range of birth defects. As of December 2000, 7470 cases and 3821 controls had been ascertained in the eight states. Interviews had been completed with 70% of the eligible case and control mothers, buccal cell collection had begun in all of the study sites, and researchers were developing analysis plans for the compiled data, This study is the largest and broadest collaborative effort ever conducted among the nation's leading birth defect researchers, The unprecedented statistical power that will result from this study will enable scientists to study the epidemiology of some rare birth defects for the first time. The compiled interview data and banked DNA of approximately 35 categories of birth defects will facilitate future research as new hypotheses and improved technologies emerge. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, State Serv Sect, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Off Stat & Evaluat, Boston, MA USA. Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Oakland, CA USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. New York State Congenital Malformat Registry, Troy, NY USA. Arkansas Ctr Birth Defects Res & Prevent, Little Rock, AR USA. Iowa Birth Defects Registry, Iowa City, IA USA. Texas Birth Defects Res Ctr, Austin, TX USA. RP Rasmussen, SA (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, State Serv Sect, Mailstop F-45,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU913241, U50/CCU113247, U50/CCU213243, U50/CCU213244, U50/CCU613232, U50/CCU613236, U50/CCU713238] NR 31 TC 384 Z9 388 U1 0 U2 9 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2001 VL 116 SU 1 BP 32 EP 40 DI 10.1093/phr/116.S1.32 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 470JA UT WOS:000170866800005 PM 11889273 ER PT J AU Weis, S King, B Thompson, SF Shaffer, N Jones, B Puentes, S Silva, C Hershfield, E Izon, G Mangura, B Reichman, L Leus, MC Owens, M Lahart, C Nickson, R Scott, T Awe, R Murphy, AL Weiner, M Engle, M Chaisson, R Sterling, T Hackman, J Wilcox, F Wassler, P Dukes-Hamilton, C Mosher, A Ho, B Reves, R Burman, W Peloquin, C Tapy, J Rom, W Condos, R Sandman, L Bhattacharya, M Fabre, J El-Sadr, W Klein, M Horton, J Quinn, E Pachuki, C Samuel, M Gordin, F Benator, D Sepulveda, D Quinlan-Mauzy, C Kernodle, D McKee, GS Reeves-Hammock, L Bernardo, J Horsburgh, CR Saukkonen, J Murphy, C Schluger, N Burzynski, J Lozano, V Menzies, R Schwartzman, K Pelletier, M Valiquette, C Nolan, C Goldberg, S Stone, M Fitzgerald, M Hernandez, E Peyvandi, B Daley, C Hopewell, P Stanton, B Merrifield, C Donovan, C Hobbs, B Gotting, V Therrien, M Ferrell, S Bozeman, L Broadnax, S Carter, C Dansbury, K Gross, L Henderson, C Jackson, M Khan, A O'Brien, R Sharma, A Villarino, ME Wang, YC Cooksey, R Crawford, J Sikes, D Metchock, B Sheppard, J Woodley, C Jaffe, H Neaton, J Bass, J AF Weis, S King, B Thompson, SF Shaffer, N Jones, B Puentes, S Silva, C Hershfield, E Izon, G Mangura, B Reichman, L Leus, MC Owens, M Lahart, C Nickson, R Scott, T Awe, R Murphy, AL Weiner, M Engle, M Chaisson, R Sterling, T Hackman, J Wilcox, F Wassler, P Dukes-Hamilton, C Mosher, A Ho, B Reves, R Burman, W Peloquin, C Tapy, J Rom, W Condos, R Sandman, L Bhattacharya, M Fabre, J El-Sadr, W Klein, M Horton, J Quinn, E Pachuki, C Samuel, M Gordin, F Benator, D Sepulveda, D Quinlan-Mauzy, C Kernodle, D McKee, GS Reeves-Hammock, L Bernardo, J Horsburgh, CR Saukkonen, J Murphy, C Schluger, N Burzynski, J Lozano, V Menzies, R Schwartzman, K Pelletier, M Valiquette, C Nolan, C Goldberg, S Stone, M Fitzgerald, M Hernandez, E Peyvandi, B Daley, C Hopewell, P Stanton, B Merrifield, C Donovan, C Hobbs, B Gotting, V Therrien, M Ferrell, S Bozeman, L Broadnax, S Carter, C Dansbury, K Gross, L Henderson, C Jackson, M Khan, A O'Brien, R Sharma, A Villarino, ME Wang, YC Cooksey, R Crawford, J Sikes, D Metchock, B Sheppard, J Woodley, C Jaffe, H Neaton, J Bass, J CA Tuberculosis Trials Consortium TI The tuberculosis trials consortium: A model for clinical trials collaborations SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Res & Evaluat Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Weis, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Res & Evaluat Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2001 VL 116 SU 1 BP 41 EP 49 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 470JA UT WOS:000170866800006 ER PT J AU Mays, GP Halverson, PK Stevens, R AF Mays, GP Halverson, PK Stevens, R TI The contributions of managed care plans to public health practice: Evidence from the nation's largest local health departments SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 127th Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY NOV 07-10, 1999 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc ID CLINICAL PREVENTION SERVICES; ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICES; PUGET-SOUND; ECONOMETRICS; COMMUNITIES; CHALLENGE; HMOS AB Objective. The authors examine the extent and nature of managed care plans participating in local public health activities, Methods. In 1998, the authors surveyed the directors of all US local health departments serving jurisdictions of at least 100,000 residents to collect information about public health activities performed in their jurisdictions and about organizations participating in the activities. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were used to examine organizational and market characteristics associated with managed care plan participation in public health activities. Results. Managed care plans were reported to participate in public health activities in 164 (46%) of the jurisdictions surveyed, and to contribute to 13% of the public health activities per-formed in the average jurisdiction. Plans appeared most likely to participate in public health activities involving the delivery or management of personal health services and the exchange of health-related information. Managed care participation was more likely to occur in jurisdictions with higher HMO penetration, fewer competing plans, and larger proportions of plans enrolling Medicaid recipients. Participation was positively associated with the overall scope and perceived effectiveness of local public health activities. Conclusions. Although plans participate in a narrow range of activities, these contributions may complement the work of public health agencies. C1 Math Policy Res, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Div Publ Hlth Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. N Carolina Inst Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Mays, GP (reprint author), Math Policy Res, 600 Maryland Ave,Suite 550, Washington, DC 20024 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA S230-15/16] NR 69 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2001 VL 116 SU 1 BP 50 EP 67 DI 10.1093/phr/116.S1.50 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 470JA UT WOS:000170866800007 PM 11889275 ER PT J AU Yanek, LR Becker, DM Moy, TF Gittelsohn, J Koffman, DM AF Yanek, LR Becker, DM Moy, TF Gittelsohn, J Koffman, DM TI Project joy: Faith based cardiovascular health promotion for African American women SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID WEIGHT-LOSS PROGRAM; BLACK-WOMEN; CHURCH; COMMUNITY; PREVENTION; HEART; CHOLESTEROL; CANCER; BODY AB Objective. The authors tested the impact on cardiovascular risk profiles of African American women ages 40 years and older after one year of participation in one of three church-based nutrition and physical activity strategies: a standard behavioral group intervention, the standard intervention supplemented with spiritual strategies, or self-help strategies, Methods. Women were screened at baseline and after one year of participation. The authors analyzed intention-to-treat within group and between groups using a generalized estimating equations adjustment for intra-church clustering, Because spiritual strategies were added to the standard intervention by participants themselves, the results from both active groups were similar and, thus, combined for comparisons with the self-help group. Results. A total of 529 women from 16 churches enrolled, Intervention participants exhibited significant improvements in body weight (- 1.1 lbs), waist circumference (-0.66 inches), systolic blood pressure (- 1.6 mmHg), dietary energy (- 117 kcal), dietary total fat (-8 g), and sodium intake (- 145 mg). The self-help group did not. In the active intervention group, women in the top decile for weight loss at one year had even larger, clinically meaningful changes in risk outcomes (- 19.8 lbs). Conclusions. Intervention participants achieved clinically important improvements in cardiovascular disease risk profiles one year after program initiation, which did not occur in the self-help group. Church-based interventions can significantly benefit the cardiovascular health of African American women. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Hlth Promot, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yanek, LR (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Hlth Promot, Sch Med, Room 8024,1830 E Monument St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU309674-01] NR 31 TC 207 Z9 209 U1 2 U2 11 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2001 VL 116 SU 1 BP 68 EP 81 DI 10.1093/phr/116.S1.68 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 470JA UT WOS:000170866800008 PM 11889276 ER PT J AU Smith, S AF Smith, S TI NCHS dataline SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Smith, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 116 IS 1 BP 69 EP 71 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 468NJ UT WOS:000170763500013 ER PT J AU Coyle, K Basen-Engquist, K Kirby, D Parcel, G Banspach, S Collins, J Baumler, E Carvajal, S Harrist, R AF Coyle, K Basen-Engquist, K Kirby, D Parcel, G Banspach, S Collins, J Baumler, E Carvajal, S Harrist, R TI Safer choices: Reducing teen pregnancy, HIV, and STDs SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID RISK-REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS; SCHOOL-BASED HIV; PREVENTION PROGRAM; AIDS-PREVENTION; IMPACT; BEHAVIOR; MULTICOMPONENT; INFECTION; PROJECT AB Objectives. This study evaluated the long-term effectiveness of Safer Choices, a theory-based, multi-component educational program designed to reduce sexual risk behaviors and increase protective behaviors in preventing HIV, other STDs, and pregnancy among high school students. Methods. The study used a randomized controlled trial involving 20 high schools in California and Texas. A cohort of 3869 ninth-grade students was tracked for 31 months from fall semester 1993 (baseline) to spring semester 1996 (31-month follow-up). Data were collected using self-report surveys administered by trained data collectors. Response rate at 31-month follow-up was 79%. Results. Safer Choices had its greatest effect on measures involving condom use. The program reduced the frequency of intercourse without a condom during the three months prior to the survey, reduced the number of sexual partners with whom students had intercourse without a condom, and increased use of condoms and other protection against pregnancy at last intercourse. Safer Choices also improved 7 of 13 psychosocial variables, many related to condom use, but did not have a significant effect upon rates of sexual initiation. Conclusions. The Safer Choices program was effective in reducing important risk behaviors for HIV, other STDs, and pregnancy and in enhancing most psychosocial determinants of such behavior. C1 ETR Associates, Scotts Valley, CA USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth Promot Res & Dev, Houston, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Evaluat Res Sect, Surveillance & Evaluat Res Branch, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Eucid Inc, Chicago, IL USA. RP Coyle, K (reprint author), ETR Associates, POB 1830, Santa Cruz, CA 95061 USA. FU PHS HHS [200-91-0938] NR 31 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 4 U2 13 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2001 VL 116 SU 1 BP 82 EP 93 DI 10.1093/phr/116.S1.82 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 470JA UT WOS:000170866800009 PM 11889277 ER PT J AU Fogarty, LA Heilig, CM Armstrong, K Cabral, R Galavotti, C Gielen, AC Green, BM AF Fogarty, LA Heilig, CM Armstrong, K Cabral, R Galavotti, C Gielen, AC Green, BM TI Long-term effectiveness of a peer-based intervention to promote condom and contraceptive use among HIV-positive and at-risk women SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID DECISIONAL BALANCE; BEHAVIOR-CHANGE; SELF-EFFICACY; PREVENTION; INFECTION; REDUCTION; TRIAL; VALIDATION; PREGNANCY; STAGE AB Objective. The authors used data from a larger study to evaluate the longterm effects of a peer advocate intervention on condom and contraceptive use among HIV-infected women and women at high risk for HIV infection. Methods. HIV-infected women in one study and women at high risk for HIV infection in a second study were selected from the Women and Infants Demonstration Project and assigned to a standard or an enhanced HIV prevention treatment group. The enhanced intervention included support groups and one-on-one contacts with peer advocates tailored to clients' needs. The authors interviewed women at baseline and at 6-, 12- and 18-months, and measured changes in consistency of condom and contraceptive use and in self-efficacy and perceived advantages and disadvantages of condom and contraceptive use. Results. Of HIV-infected women, the enhanced group had improved consistency in condom use, increased perceived advantages of condom use, and increased level of self-efficacy compared with the standard group. Of women at risk, the enhanced intervention group at six months maintained consistent condom use with a main partner and perceived more benefit of condom use compared with the standard group. These differences diminished at 12 months. Conclusions. The enhanced intervention was generally effective in the HIV+ study. In the at-risk study, however, intervention effects were minimal and short-lived. Factors related to the theory, intervention design, and Sample characteristics help explain these differences. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Div Social & Behav Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Family Planning Council Inc, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Fogarty, LA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Div Social & Behav Sci, 624 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RI Heilig, Charles/C-2753-2008 OI Heilig, Charles/0000-0003-1075-1310 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00722]; ODCDC CDC HHS [UU65/CCU306934, U88/CCU312355] NR 34 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2001 VL 116 SU 1 BP 103 EP 119 DI 10.1093/phr/116.S1.103 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 470JA UT WOS:000170866800011 PM 11889279 ER PT J AU Fuller, CM Vlahov, D Arria, AM Ompad, DC Garfein, R Strathdee, SA AF Fuller, CM Vlahov, D Arria, AM Ompad, DC Garfein, R Strathdee, SA TI Factors associated with adolescent initiation of injection drug use SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY; RISK BEHAVIORS; HIV-INFECTION; HEPATITIS-C; VIRUS-INFECTIONS; SUBSTANCE USE; PREVALENCE; TRENDS; AGE; BALTIMORE AB Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to which demographic, sexual, and non-injection drug use practices predict adolescent initiation of injection drug use. Methods. Street recruited injection drug users 15-30 years of age in Baltimore, Maryland, who initiated injection within five years of study enrollment, completed a questionnaire that included a year-by-year history regarding the five years prior to initiation of injection. Factors associated with initiation during adolescence (less than or equal to 21 years of age) versus young adulthood (> 21) were determined using logistic regression. Results. Of 226 participants, most were female (61%) and African American (64%). Median age of participants was 25; median age at initiation of injection was 23. Factors significantly associated with adolescent initiation in multivariate analysis included race other than African American, and practices prior to initiating injection including condom use, lack of cocaine use, exclusive crack smoking just prior to initiation, and smoking marijuana. Adolescent initiates also had shorter durations of illicit drug use prior to initiating injection. Conclusion. Short-term non-injection drug use, particularly exclusive crack smoking, was associated with adolescent initiation of injection drug use. Early prevention efforts targeting this high-risk group of younger drug users are warranted in order to delay or prevent onset of injection drug use. C1 Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY 10032 USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. Collaborat Inject Drug Users Study, CIDUS 2, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Infect Dis Program, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Substance Abuse Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. CDC, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Std HIV Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fuller, CM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, PH18-120,622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. RI Strathdee, Steffanie/B-9042-2009; Ompad, Danielle/F-3163-2013; OI Ompad, Danielle/0000-0003-0240-0393; Arria, Amelia/0000-0002-6360-9265 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU309690] NR 35 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2001 VL 116 SU 1 BP 136 EP 145 DI 10.1093/phr/116.S1.136 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 470JA UT WOS:000170866800013 PM 11889281 ER PT J AU Muhib, FB Lin, LS Stueve, A Miller, RL Ford, WL Johnson, WD Smith, PJ AF Muhib, FB Lin, LS Stueve, A Miller, RL Ford, WL Johnson, WD Smith, PJ CA Community Intervention Trial Youth TI A venue-based method for sampling hard-to-reach populations SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MEN AB Constructing scientifically sound samples of hard-to-reach populations, also known as hidden populations, is a challenge for many research projects. Traditional sample survey methods, such as random sampling from telephone or mailing lists, can yield low numbers of eligible respondents while non-probability sampling introduces unknown biases. The authors describe a venue-based application of time-space sampling (TSS) that addresses the challenges of accessing hard-to-reach populations. The method entails identifying days and times when the target population gathers at specific venues, constructing a sampling frame of venue, day-time units (VDTs), randomly selecting and visiting VDTs (the primary sampling units), and systematically intercepting and collecting information from consenting members of the target population. This allows researchers to construct a sample with known properties, make statistical inference to the larger population of venue visitors, and theorize about the introduction of biases that may limit generalization of results to the target population. The authors describe their use of TSS in the ongoing Community Intervention Trial for Youth (CITY) project to generate a systematic sample of young men who have sex with men, The project is an ongoing community level HIV prevention intervention trial funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The TSS method is reproducible and can be adapted to hard-to-reach populations in other situations, environments, and cultures. C1 Tufts Univ, Fletcher Sch Law & Diplomacy, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Psychol, Div Community & Prevent Res, Chicago, IL USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Muhib, FB (reprint author), 2323 Shirl Lane, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. NR 12 TC 274 Z9 276 U1 0 U2 11 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2001 VL 116 SU 1 BP 216 EP 222 DI 10.1093/phr/116.S1.216 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 470JA UT WOS:000170866800019 PM 11889287 ER PT J AU Daumit, G Boulware, LE Powe, NR Minkovitz, CS Minkovitz, CS Frick, KD Anderson, LA Janes, GR Lawrence, RS AF Daumit, G Boulware, LE Powe, NR Minkovitz, CS Minkovitz, CS Frick, KD Anderson, LA Janes, GR Lawrence, RS TI A computerized tool for evaluating the effectiveness of preventive interventions SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS; MILD HYPERTENSION; PROGRAM; CARE AB In identifying appropriate strategies for effective use of preventive services for particular settings or populations, public health practitioners employ a systematic approach to evaluating the literature. Behavioral intervention studies that focus on prevention, however, pose special challenges for these traditional methods. Tools for synthesizing evidence on preventive interventions can improve public health practice. The authors developed a literature abstraction tool and a classification for preventive interventions. They incorporated the tool into a PC-based relational database and user-friendly evidence reporting system, then tested the system by reviewing behavioral interventions for hypertension management. They performed a structured literature search and reviewed 100 studies on behavioral interventions for hypertension management. They abstracted information using the abstraction tool and classified important elements of interventions for comparison across studies. The authors found that many studies in their pilot project did not report sufficient information to allow for complete evaluation, comparison across studies, or replication of the intervention. They propose that studies reporting on preventive interventions should (a) categorize interventions into discrete components; (b) report sufficient participant information; and (c) report characteristics such as intervention leaders, timing, and setting so that public health professionals can compare and select the most appropriate interventions. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Daumit, G (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, 2024 E Monument St,Suite 2-500, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. FU PHS HHS [0957-013] NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2001 VL 116 SU 1 BP 244 EP 253 DI 10.1093/phr/116.S1.244 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 470JA UT WOS:000170866800021 PM 11889289 ER PT J AU Sattin, RW AF Sattin, RW TI The prevention research initiative and the peer review process at CDC SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SERVICES; GUIDE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sattin, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Mailstop K-02,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2001 VL 116 SU 1 BP 254 EP 256 DI 10.1093/phr/116.S1.254 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 470JA UT WOS:000170866800022 PM 11889290 ER PT J AU Andresen, EM Vahle, VJ Lollar, D AF Andresen, EM Vahle, VJ Lollar, D TI Proxy reliability: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures for people with disability SO QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE disabled persons; health status indicators; proxy; quality of life; questionnaires; reproducibility of results ID COMMUNITY-DWELLING WOMEN; OF-LIFE; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; SIGNIFICANT OTHERS; PATIENT HEALTH; SELF-REPORTS; VALIDITY; CANCER; SURVEILLANCE; PERFORMANCE AB Objectives: Research and surveillance activities sometimes require that proxy respondents provide key exposure or outcome information, especially for studies of people with disability (PWD). In this study, we compared the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) responses of index PWD to proxies. Methods: Subjects were selected from nursing home, other assisted living residences, and from several clinic samples of PWD. Each index identified one or more proxy respondents. Computer-assisted interviews used a random order of measures. Proxy reliability was measured by intraclass correlation (ICC) and kappa statistics. HRQoL measures tested included the surveillance questions of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs and IADLs), medical outcomes study short-form 36 and 12 (SF-36 and SF-12). Results: A total of 131 index-proxy sets were completed. In general, agreement and reliability of proxy responses to the PWD tended to be best for relatives, with friends lower, and health care proxies lowest. For example, the ICC for the physical functioning scale of the SF-36 was 0.68 for relatives, 0.51 for friends, and 0.40 for healthcare proxies. There was a tendency for proxies to overestimate impairment and underestimate HRQoL. This pattern was reversed for measures of pain, which proxies consistently underestimated. The pattern among instruments, proxy types, and HRQoL domains was complex, and individual measures vary from these general results. Conclusions: We suggest caution when using proxy respondents for HRQoL, especially those measuring more subjective domains. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Child Dev & Dev Disabil, Disabil & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Andresen, EM (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, 3545 Lafayette Ave,Suite 300, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU710807, U59/CCU103370]; PHS HHS [H133660037, H133N50014] NR 48 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-9343 J9 QUAL LIFE RES JI Qual. Life Res. PY 2001 VL 10 IS 7 BP 609 EP 619 DI 10.1023/A:1013187903591 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 500EL UT WOS:000172612900005 PM 11822794 ER PT B AU Rupprecht, CE Hanlon, CA Dietzschold, B Koprowski, H AF Rupprecht, CE Hanlon, CA Dietzschold, B Koprowski, H BE Dodet, B Meslin, FX TI Monoclonal antibodies: a viable alternative to rabies immunoglobulin? SO RABIES CONTROL IN ASIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Rabies Control in Asia CY MAR 05-09, 2001 CL HANOI, VIETNAM SP Merieux Fdn, WHO ID POSTEXPOSURE TREATMENT; VIRUS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rupprecht, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT PI MONTROUGE PA 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE BN 2-7420-0393-2 PY 2001 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Immunology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Immunology GA BU50K UT WOS:000176159600008 ER PT B AU Rupprecht, CE Hanlon, CA AF Rupprecht, CE Hanlon, CA BE Dodet, B Meslin, FX TI Post-exposure treatment and management of rabies in domestic animals, including dogs SO RABIES CONTROL IN ASIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Rabies Control in Asia CY MAR 05-09, 2001 CL HANOI, VIETNAM SP Merieux Fdn, WHO ID VACCINE; VIRUS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rupprecht, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT PI MONTROUGE PA 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE BN 2-7420-0393-2 PY 2001 BP 113 EP 116 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Immunology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Immunology GA BU50K UT WOS:000176159600023 ER PT J AU Karlsson, U Bjoersdorff, A Massung, RF Christensson, B AF Karlsson, U Bjoersdorff, A Massung, RF Christensson, B TI Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis - A clinical case in Scandinavia SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE; LYME BORRELIOSIS; EUROPE AB A clinical case of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Scandinavia is presented. The patient developed high fever, myalgia, headache and dyspnoea. Doxycycline treatment resulted in a dramatic improvement. Laboratory confirmation Included a fourfold change in anti-Ehrlichia equi IFA titre and a positive PCR confirmed by gene sequence analysis. C1 Univ Lund Hosp, Infect Dis Sect, Dept Med Microbiol & Infect Dis, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden. Univ Lund Hosp, Sect Med Microbiol, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden. Kalmar Cty Hosp, Dept Clin Microbiol, Kalmar, Sweden. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Karlsson, U (reprint author), Univ Lund Hosp, Infect Dis Sect, Dept Med Microbiol & Infect Dis, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden. NR 16 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0036-5548 J9 SCAND J INFECT DIS JI Scand. J. Infect. Dis. PY 2001 VL 33 IS 1 BP 73 EP 74 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 401YP UT WOS:000166957000014 PM 11234985 ER PT J AU Noell, J Rohde, P Ochs, L Yovanoff, P Alter, MJ Schmid, S Bullard, J Black, C AF Noell, J Rohde, P Ochs, L Yovanoff, P Alter, MJ Schmid, S Bullard, J Black, C TI Incidence and prevalence of chlamydia, herpes, and viral hepatitis in a homeless adolescent population SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; C VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; HIGH-RISK; FEMALE ADOLESCENTS; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; DRUG-USE; BEHAVIORS; HEALTH; YOUTH AB Background: High rates of unprotected intercourse and illegal drug use have been reported among homeless adolescents. As a transient population with the potential to act as disease vectors from one location to another, incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in this population are of particular concern. Goal: To assess a homeless adolescent population for incidence and prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus type 2, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, HIV, and psychosocial correlates of the acquisition of sexually transmitted infections. Study Design: Longitudinal with assessments at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months (n = 536; 319 males and 217 females). Results: Baseline prevalence of C trachomatis was 4.17% for males and 6.30% for females. Prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 was 5.73% for males and 12.50% for females. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus prevalences were 3.60% and 5.0%, respectively. HIV seroprevalence was 0.3%. The incidence of sexually transmitted infections was significantly higher among females than among males (16.7% versus 9.8%) and was associated with inconsistent condom use and, for females, number of partners and sex with older partners. Incident hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection:rates were 3.44% and 6.61%, respectively; both were associated with injection drug use, Conclusions: Among females, the incidence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (> 25%) and C trachomatis (12%) was relatively high. Inconsistent condom use was the primary factor associated with a significantly greater risk of incident sexually transmitted infections. This was especially true for females with multiple partners. Homeless adolescents also are at high risk for hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection, primarily associated with self-reported injection drug use. C1 Oregon Res Inst, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Noell, J (reprint author), Oregon Res Inst, 1715 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI34497] NR 34 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 28 IS 1 BP 4 EP 10 DI 10.1097/00007435-200101000-00003 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 390RC UT WOS:000166309300002 PM 11196044 ER PT J AU Finelli, L Schillinger, JA Wasserheit, JN AF Finelli, L Schillinger, JA Wasserheit, JN TI Are emergency departments the next frontier for sexually transmitted disease screening? SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS; SYPHILIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance & Special Studies Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Res Sect, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & Tuberculosis PRevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schillinger, JA (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Informat Serv, Mailstop E-06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 28 IS 1 BP 40 EP 42 DI 10.1097/00007435-200101000-00009 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 390RC UT WOS:000166309300008 PM 11196045 ER PT J AU Weisbord, JS Koumans, EH Toomey, KE Grayson, C Markowitz, LE AF Weisbord, JS Koumans, EH Toomey, KE Grayson, C Markowitz, LE TI Sexually transmitted diseases during pregnancy: Screening, diagnostic, and treatment practices among prenatal care providers in Georgia SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID B STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; PRETERM BIRTH; WOMEN; METRONIDAZOLE; PREVENTION; INFECTION; VAGINALIS; DELIVERY; TRIAL AB Background. Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) during pregnancy are associated with adverse outcomes. We conducted a prenatal care provider survey to determine STD screening, diagnosis, and treatment practices. Methods. Standard questionnaires were mailed to Georgia-licensed obstetrician/ gynecologists, family practitioners, and nurse-midwives (N = 3,082) in 1998 Results. Of the 1,300 care providers who returned the survey 565 (44%) provided prenatal care, 390 (57%) were male, and 390 (70%) were obstetrician/ gynecologists. Overall, 553 prenatal care providers (98%) reported screening all pregnant patients for syphilis, 551 (98%) for hepatitis B, 501 (89%) for trichomonas, 474 (84%) for human immunodeficiency vir us (HIV), 401 (71%) for gonorrhea, 403 (71%) for chlamydia, 475 (84%) for group B streptococci, and 130 (23%) for bacterial vaginosis (BV) thigh risk. Less than 10% used amplification tests for chlamydia or gonorrhea. Most providers used appropriate regimens to treat STD in pregnant women. A written office policy on testing for BV or HIV was associated with increased screening. Conclusions. Provider education is needed about diagnosis and treatment of STD during pregnancy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Med Assoc Georgia, Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Koumans, EH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 94 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 400CJ UT WOS:000166850800009 PM 11213942 ER PT J AU McQueen, DV AF McQueen, DV TI The social dimension of risk factor surveillance SO SOZIAL-UND PRAVENTIVMEDIZIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McQueen, DV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0303-8408 J9 SOZ PRAVENTIV MED JI Sozial-und Pravent. PY 2001 VL 46 IS 3 BP 143 EP 143 DI 10.1007/BF01324245 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 463QL UT WOS:000170488700002 PM 11565438 ER PT J AU Holtzman, D AF Holtzman, D TI Gender differences in health-related behaviours: the BRFSS experience SO SOZIAL-UND PRAVENTIVMEDIZIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Behav Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Holtzman, D (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Behav Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0303-8408 J9 SOZ PRAVENTIV MED JI Sozial-und Pravent. PY 2001 VL 46 IS 4 BP 221 EP 222 DI 10.1007/BF01593175 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 474WU UT WOS:000171130500003 PM 11582847 ER PT J AU Nelson, DE Holtzman, D Bolen, J Stanwyck, CA Mack, KA AF Nelson, DE Holtzman, D Bolen, J Stanwyck, CA Mack, KA TI Reliability and validity of measures from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) SO SOZIAL-UND PRAVENTIVMEDIZIN LA English DT Review DE behavioral surveillance; risk factors; public health; reliability; validity; United States ID REPORTED ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; WEIGHT CONTROL PRACTICES; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION STATUS; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; MULTISTATE TELEPHONE SURVEY; DIETARY ASSESSMENT METHODS; GENERAL-POPULATION SURVEY; PAP SMEAR HISTORIES; SELF-RATED HEALTH; UNITED-STATES AB Objectives: To assess the reliability and validity of measures on the BRFSS, to assist users in evaluating the quality of BRFSS data, and to identify areas for further research. Methods: Review and summary of reliability and validity studies of measures on the BRFSS and studies of measures that were the same or similar to those on the BRFSS from other surveys. Results: Measures determined to be of high reliability and high validity were current smoker, blood pressure screening, height, weight, and BMI, and several demographic characteristics. Measures of both moderate reliability and validity included when last mammography was received, clinical breast exam, sedentary lifestyle, intense leisure-time physical activity, and fruit and vegetable consumption. Few measures were of low validity and only one measure was determined to be of low reliability. Several other measures were of high or moderate reliability or validity, but not both. The reliability or validity could not be determined for some measures, primarily due to lack of research. Conclusions: Most questions on the core BRFSS instrument were at least moderately reliable and valid, and many were highly reliable and valid. Additional research is needed for some measures. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Behav Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Holtzman, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Behav Surveillance Branch, Mailstop K-66,4770 Buford Highway,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 223 TC 341 Z9 361 U1 6 U2 29 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0303-8408 J9 SOZ PRAVENTIV MED JI Sozial-und Pravent. PY 2001 VL 46 SU 1 BP S3 EP S42 PG 40 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 519HA UT WOS:000173718600002 PM 11851091 ER PT J AU Fulton, JE McGuire, MT Caspersen, CJ Dietz, WH AF Fulton, JE McGuire, MT Caspersen, CJ Dietz, WH TI Interventions for weight loss and weight gain prevention among youth - Current issues SO SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FAMILY-BASED TREATMENT; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; OBESE CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BEHAVIOR-MODIFICATION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; AEROBIC EXERCISE; ACTIVITY CHOICE; PARENT WEIGHT AB The recent increase in the prevalence of paediatric obesity is one of the most pressing public health concerns today because of the immediate and long term health consequences associated with this often intractable disease. Efforts are currently being made to reduce the prevalence of paediatric obesity. Youth weight loss studies have produced significant long term results. Most of these programmes included behaviour modification, diet and exercise. Studies have suggested that lifestyle exercise programmes may produce the best long term results. Effective components of these programmes appear to be parental involvement, reduced intake of foods having high energy density and reductions in physical inactivity. Future weight loss studies need to determine the type, intensity, and duration of exercise that will produce acceptable adherence and consequent long term weight loss, and to ascertain the reinforcing factors that determine youth behaviour choice. Weight gain prevention interventions for youth are clearly in their infancy. This review describes 3 completed and 2 ongoing weight gain prevention trials. One study showed reductions in the prevalence of obesity among junior high school girls, but not among boys. Another study among elementary school students showed significant mean decreases in body mass index in boys and girls following an intervention specifically to reduce time spent viewing television. Whether these studies altered food intake or increased physical activity remains unclear. A combination of weight loss treatment and weight gain prevention strategies employed in parallel is likely to yield the greatest benefits. Development and testing of novel intervention strategies, using innovative behavioural approaches to increase the likelihood that children will adopt healthy dietary, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour patterns, holds great promise to significantly reduce the epidemic of obesity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Fulton, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Highway NW,Mailstop K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009 NR 82 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 12 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 0112-1642 J9 SPORTS MED JI Sports Med. PY 2001 VL 31 IS 3 BP 153 EP 165 DI 10.2165/00007256-200131030-00002 PG 13 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 414VP UT WOS:000167687100002 PM 11286354 ER PT J AU Spierto, FW Gardner, F Smith, SJ AF Spierto, FW Gardner, F Smith, SJ TI Evaluation of an EIA method for measuring serum levels of the estrogen metabolite 2-hydroxyestrone in adults SO STEROIDS LA English DT Article DE 2-hydroxyestrone; estrogen; enzyme immunoassay; human serum; breast cancer ID BREAST-CANCER; URINE; 16-ALPHA-HYDROXYESTRONE; CELLS; BONE AB Two-hydroxyestrone (2OHE-1) and 16 alpha -hydroxyestrone (16OHE-1) are two estrogen metabolites that may play important roles in the development or promotion of breast cancer. Our study assessed the reliability of a newly developed kit procedure for measuring 2OHE-1. Although under certain conditions the assay would not distinguish 2OHE-1 from estriol, or possibly 2-methoxyestrone, steroids such as 17 beta -estradiol, estrone and 16OHE-1 should not interfere with the test. Our study evaluated the precision of this enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit for measuring 2OHE-1 levels in serum obtained from healthy men and women. As a result of several replicate analyses of specimens obtained from 18 men and 20 women, we found that the within-run coefficients of variation (CVs) were approximately 20% and the among run CVs, 30%. Because the SD for the procedure is high, the limit of detection (LOD) was also high (130 ng/l). Nonetheless the assay could distinguish between 2OHE-1 levels in men (128 ng/l) and women (332 ng/l) because we performed a large number of analyses on each specimen. Improving the reproducibility of the assay would reduce the: 1. LOD; number of replicates needed to obtain reliable estimates of 2-OHE-1 levels; amount of time, effort, and cost for each analysis; and greatly improve the reliability of the method. Because the within-run variability is relatively smaller than the total variability (among run + within run), use of the assay for determining differences among groups could be justified only when measurements were made in a single run. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Chamblee Facil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Spierto, FW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0039-128X J9 STEROIDS JI Steroids PD JAN PY 2001 VL 66 IS 1 BP 59 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S0039-128X(00)00139-2 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 385UY UT WOS:000166023700008 PM 11090660 ER PT J AU Malarcher, AM Giles, WH Croft, JB Wozniak, MA Wityk, RJ Stolley, PD Stern, BJ Sloan, MA Sherwin, R Price, TR Macko, RF Johnson, CJ Earley, CJ Buchholz, DW Kittner, SJ AF Malarcher, AM Giles, WH Croft, JB Wozniak, MA Wityk, RJ Stolley, PD Stern, BJ Sloan, MA Sherwin, R Price, TR Macko, RF Johnson, CJ Earley, CJ Buchholz, DW Kittner, SJ TI Alcohol intake, type of beverage, and the risk of cerebral infarction in young women SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE alcohol drinking; cerebral infarction; young adults ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; ISCHEMIC STROKE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; WINE; CONSUMPTION; POPULATION; SPIRITS; BEER AB Background and Purpose - The relationship between alcohol consumption and cerebral infarction remains uncertain, and few studies have investigated whether the relationship varies by alcohol type or is present in young adults. We examined the relationship between alcohol consumption, beverage type, and ischemic stroke in the Stroke Prevention in Young Women Study. Methods-All 59 hospitals in the greater Baltimore-Washington area participated in a population-based case-control study of stroke in young women. Case patients (n=224) were aged 15 to 44 years with a first cerebral infarction, and control subjects (n=392), identified by random-digit dialing, were frequency matched by age and region of residence. The interview assessed lifetime alcohol consumption and consumption and beverage type in the previous year, week, and day. ORs were obtained from logistic regression models controlling for age, race, education, and smoking status, with never drinkers as the referent. Results-Alcohol consumption, up to 24 g/d, in the past year was associated with fewer ischemic strokes (<12 g/d: OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.86; 12 to 24 g/d: OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.86; >24 g/d: OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.43 to 2.10) in comparison to never drinking. Analyses of beverage type (beer, wine, liquor) indicated a protective effect for wine consumption in the previous year (<12 g/wk: OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.97; 12 g/wk to <12 g/d: OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.10; greater than or equal to 12 g/d: OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.23 to 3.64). Conclusions-Light to moderate alcohol consumption appears to be associated with a reduced risk of ischemic stroke in young women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Neurol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Harbin Clin, Rome, GA USA. Tulane Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, New Orleans, LA USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Ctr Geriatr Res Educ & Clin, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Malarcher, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, MS K-47,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS16332-11] NR 26 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD JAN PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 BP 77 EP 83 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 389JF UT WOS:000166234300017 PM 11136918 ER PT J AU Hammond, WR AF Hammond, WR TI Suicide prevention: Broadening the field toward a public health approach SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article C1 CDCP, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hammond, WR (reprint author), CDCP, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 SU S BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1521/suli.32.1.5.1.24213 PG 2 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 534UB UT WOS:000174604200001 PM 11924690 ER PT J AU O'Carroll, PW Crosby, A Mercy, JA Lee, RK Simon, TR AF O'Carroll, PW Crosby, A Mercy, JA Lee, RK Simon, TR TI Interviewing suicide "decedents": A fourth strategy for risk factor assessment SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Editorial Material ID TEENAGE SUICIDE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. RP O'Carroll, PW (reprint author), 1107 NE 45th St,Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 SU S BP 3 EP 6 DI 10.1521/suli.32.1.5.3.24211 PG 4 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 534UB UT WOS:000174604200002 PM 11924692 ER PT J AU Kresnow, MJ Ikeda, RM Mercy, JA Powell, KE Potter, LB Simon, TR Lee, RK Frankowski, RF AF Kresnow, MJ Ikeda, RM Mercy, JA Powell, KE Potter, LB Simon, TR Lee, RK Frankowski, RF TI An unmatched case-control study of nearly lethal suicide attempts in Houston, Texas: Research methods and measurements SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; ADOLESCENT SUICIDE; MENTAL-DISORDERS; SELECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FIREARMS; EXPOSURE; ILLNESS; INJURY AB This article details the research methods and measurements used in conducting a population-based, case-control study of nearly lethal suicide attempts among persons aged 13-34 years, residing in Houston, Texas. From November 1992 to July 1995, we interviewed 153 case subjects presenting at one of three participating hospital emergency departments and used random digit dialing to identify 513 control subjects residing in the same catchment area in which cases were enlisted. Unlike most research in this area, this study was designed to extend our understanding of suicidal behavior and prevention activities beyond identification and treatment of depression and other mental illnesses. We discuss the overall strengths and weaknesses of our study design and conclude that this methodology is well suited for studying rare outcomes such as nearly lethal suicide. C1 CDC, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Educ Dev Ctr, Newton, MA USA. Barnes Coll Nursing, St Louis, MO USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. RP Kresnow, MJ (reprint author), CDC, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Mailstop K59,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NIAAA NIH HHS [2Y02-AA30017] NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 SU S BP 7 EP 20 DI 10.1521/suli.32.1.5.7.24210 PG 14 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 534UB UT WOS:000174604200003 PM 11924698 ER PT J AU Swahn, MH Potter, LB AF Swahn, MH Potter, LB TI Factors associated with the medical severity of suicide attempts in youths and young adults SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE ATTEMPTERS; EVENTUAL SUICIDE; RISK-FACTORS; AGED 13; HOPELESSNESS; IDEATION; SAMPLE; PEOPLE AB This study examined factors associated with the medical severity of suicide attempts focusing on demographic characteristics, mental health characteristics, and the circumstances of the suicide attempt. Analyses were based on 153 nearly lethal suicide attempters and 47 less lethal suicide attempters aged 13-34 years who presented to emergency departments in Houston, Texas. The results show that young age was significantly associated with a nearly lethal suicide attempt. Prior suicide attempts, hopelessness, depression, and help-seeking (ever) were significantly and negatively associated with a nearly lethal suicide attempt. None of the suicide attempt factors occurring prior to the attempt were associated with a nearly lethal suicide attempt. C1 CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Educ Dev Ctr, Newton, MA USA. RP Swahn, MH (reprint author), CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Swahn, Monica/A-7545-2009 OI Swahn, Monica/0000-0002-6663-3885 NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 5 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 SU S BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1521/suli.32.1.5.21.24214 PG 9 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 534UB UT WOS:000174604200004 PM 11924691 ER PT J AU Powell, KE Kresnow, MJ Mercy, JA Potter, LB Swann, AC Frankowski, RF Lee, RK Bayer, TL AF Powell, KE Kresnow, MJ Mercy, JA Potter, LB Swann, AC Frankowski, RF Lee, RK Bayer, TL TI Alcohol consumption and nearly lethal suicide attempts SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; PREVALENCE; DEPENDENCE; RISK AB We conducted a case-control study of the association between nearly lethal suicide attempts and facets of alcohol consumption; namely, drinking frequency, drinking quantity, binge drinking, alcoholism, drinking within 3 hours of suicide attempt, and age began drinking. Subjects were 13-34 years of age. In bivariable analyses, all measures were associated with nearly lethal suicide attempts. Odds ratios ranged from 2.4 for alcoholism to 7.0 for drinking within 3 hours of attempt. All exposure variables except age began drinking exhibited a J-shaped relationship between alcohol exposure and nearly lethal suicide attempt. After controlling for potential confounders and other measures of alcohol exposure, drinking within 3 hours of attempt remained most strongly (odds ratios > 6) associated. Alcoholism remained significantly associated in most models, but at lower strength. C1 CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Mental Sci Inst, Houston, TX USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Barnes Coll Nursing, St Louis, MO USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Powell, KE (reprint author), CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Mailstop K60,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NIAAA NIH HHS [2Y02-AA30017] NR 22 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 4 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 SU S BP 30 EP 41 DI 10.1521/suli.32.1.5.30.24208 PG 12 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 534UB UT WOS:000174604200005 PM 11924693 ER PT J AU Potter, LB Kresnow, MJ Powell, KE Simon, TR Mercy, JA Lee, RK Frankowski, RF Swann, AC Bayer, T O'Carroll, PW AF Potter, LB Kresnow, MJ Powell, KE Simon, TR Mercy, JA Lee, RK Frankowski, RF Swann, AC Bayer, T O'Carroll, PW TI The influence of geographic mobility on nearly lethal suicide attempts SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID MIGRATION; RISK AB Teenagers and young adults are very mobile and mobility has been identified as a potential risk factor for suicidal behavior. We conducted a population-based, case-control study of nearly lethal suicide attempts with 153 cases and 513 controls. Study participants were asked about changing residence over the past 12 months. Results indicate that moving in the past 12 months is positively associated with a nearly lethal suicide attempt (adjusted odds ratio of 2.1, with 95% confidence interval of 1.4-3.3), as are specific characteristics of the move (e.g., frequency, recency, distance, and difficulty staying in touch). These findings confirm and extend prior ecologic research by demonstrating a relationship, at the individual level, between the geographic mobility of adolescents and young adults and nearly lethal suicide attempts. C1 Educ Dev Ctr, Newton, MA 02458 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Univ Texas, Mental Sci Inst, Houston, TX USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. CDC, Publ Hlth Practice Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, LB (reprint author), Educ Dev Ctr, 55 Chapel St, Newton, MA 02458 USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 SU S BP 42 EP 48 DI 10.1521/suli.32.1.5.42.24216 PG 7 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 534UB UT WOS:000174604200006 PM 11924694 ER PT J AU Simon, TR Swann, AC Powell, KE Potter, LB Kresnow, MJ O'Carroll, PW AF Simon, TR Swann, AC Powell, KE Potter, LB Kresnow, MJ O'Carroll, PW TI Characteristics of impulsive suicide attempts and attempters SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID INFLICTED GUNSHOT WOUNDS; ADOLESCENTS; BEHAVIOR; HOPELESSNESS; LETHALITY; CHILDREN; RISK AB Suicide attempts often are impulsive, yet little is known about the characteristics of impulsive suicide. We examined impulsive suicide attempts within a population-based, case-control study of nearly lethal suicide attempts among people 13-34 years of age. Attempts were considered impulsive if the respondent reported spending less than 5 minutes between the decision to attempt suicide and the actual attempt. Among the 153 case-subjects, 24% attempted impulsively. Impulsive attempts were more likely among those who had been in a physical fight and less likely among those who were depressed. Relative to control subjects, male sex, fighting, and hopelessness distinguished impulsive cases but depression did not. Our findings suggest that inadequate control of aggressive impulses might be a greater indicator of risk for impulsive suicide attempts than depression. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Psychiat, Houston, TX USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. Educ Dev Ctr, Newton, MA USA. CDC, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Simon, TR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Mailstop K-60,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 24 TC 130 Z9 134 U1 2 U2 4 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 SU S BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.1521/suli.32.1.5.49.24212 PG 11 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 534UB UT WOS:000174604200007 ER PT J AU Ikeda, RM Kresnow, MJ Mercy, JA Powell, KE Simon, TR Potter, LB Durant, TM Swahn, MH AF Ikeda, RM Kresnow, MJ Mercy, JA Powell, KE Simon, TR Potter, LB Durant, TM Swahn, MH TI Medical conditions and nearly lethal suicide attempts SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID HEALTH; IDEATION; DISEASES; INJURY; RISK AB Physical illness has been studied as a risk factor for suicidal behavior, but little is known about this relationship among younger persons. We conducted a population-based, case-control study in Houston, Texas, from November 1992 through September 1995. The final sample consisted of 153 case- and 513 control-subjects aged 13 to 34 years. Case patients were identified at hospital emergency departments and met criteria for a nearly lethal suicide attempt. Control subjects were recruited via a random-digit-dial telephone survey. Case patients were more likely than controls to report having any serious medical conditions (crude OR = 3.23; 95% CI 2.12-4.91). After controlling for age, race/ethnicity, alcoholism, depression, and hopelessness, the adjusted odds ratio for men was 4.76 (95% Cl = 1.87-12.17), whereas the adjusted odds ratio for women was 1.60 (95% CI-0.62-4.17), suggesting that young men with medical conditions are at increased risk for nearly lethal suicide attempts. Increased efforts to identify and appropriately refer these patients are needed. C1 CDCP, Div Violence Control, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. Educ Dev Ctr, Newton, MA USA. RP Ikeda, RM (reprint author), CDCP, Div Violence Control, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Swahn, Monica/A-7545-2009 OI Swahn, Monica/0000-0002-6663-3885 NR 33 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 SU S BP 60 EP 67 DI 10.1521/suli.32.1.5.60.24207 PG 8 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 534UB UT WOS:000174604200008 PM 11924696 ER PT J AU Barnes, LS Ikeda, RM Kresnow, MJ AF Barnes, LS Ikeda, RM Kresnow, MJ TI Help-seeking behavior prior to nearly lethal suicide attempts SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-PRACTITIONERS; PREVENTION AB The association between help-seeking and nearly lethal suicide attempts was evaluated using data from a population-based, case-control study of 153 13- to 34-year-old suicide attempt case-patients treated at emergency departments in Houston, Texas, and a random sample of 513 control-subjects. Measures of help-seeking included whether the participant sought help for health/emotional problems in the past month, type of consultant contacted, and whether suicide was discussed during the interaction. Overall, friends/family were consulted most frequently (48%). After controlling for potential confounders, case-patients were less likely khan control-subjects to seek help from any consultant (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3-0.8) or a professional (e.g., physician, counselor) consultant (OR = 0.5,95% CI = 0.29-0.8). Among those who sought help, case-patients were more likely than to discuss suicide (OR = 2.6,95% CI = 1.2-5.4), particularly with professionals (OR 11.8,95% CI = 3.2-403.2). Our findings suggest that efforts to better understand the role of help-seeking in suicide prevention, including help sought from family and friends, deserves further attention. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barnes, LS (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 18 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 SU S BP 68 EP 75 DI 10.1521/suli.32.1.5.68.24217 PG 8 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 534UB UT WOS:000174604200009 PM 11924697 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SA Moore, CA AF Rasmussen, SA Moore, CA TI Effective coding in birth defects surveillance SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; ETIOLOGIC HETEROGENEITY; CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; GASTROSCHISIS; DYSMORPHOLOGY; REGISTRIES; FREQUENCY; 22Q11 AB Effective coding is critical to data collected by birth defects surveillance programs because subsequent use of the data depends on storage and retrieval of cases using codes. Hence, careful consideration needs to be given to the coding process. The primary goal of coding is to accurately, completely, and concisely represent infants with birth defects. Coding procedures need to accommodate the objectives of the surveillance program; for example, programs that focus on research may require different coding procedures from those that focus on linking infants to services. Several challenges exist in coding birth defects, including the need to distinguish infants with multiple defects and syndromes from those with isolated defects, and the need for strategies to code suspected defects for which confirmation is not available. Selection of a coding system by a birth defects surveillance program is central to the utility of the data collected. Most programs use a modification of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-based (ICD) systems. This paper addresses ICD-based systems and the modifications used by many birth defects surveillance programs and presents examples of the problems in interpreting birth defects data because of inappropriate coding. Teratology 64:S3-S7, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Rasmussen, SA (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Rasmussen, Sonja/0000-0002-0574-4928 NR 31 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PY 2001 VL 64 SU 1 BP S3 EP S7 DI 10.1002/tera.1077 PG 5 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 490GJ UT WOS:000172041800002 PM 11745837 ER PT J AU Paulozzi, LJ AF Paulozzi, LJ TI The relation between small size for gestational age and the sex ratio of children with birth defects SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; POPULATION; GROWTH AB Background: Infants with birth defects are more likely to be born small for gestational age (SGA) than are other infants. This study describes a relation noted between the percentage SGA and the percentage male among children with various defect types. The data source was case records collected by the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, a population-based, active surveillance system, during 1968 through 1998. Methods: The study calculated the correlation between the percentage male and the percentage SGA for isolated cases of 44 different defect types for male-dominant and female-dominant defects separately. Results: The correlation coefficient was -0.47 (P < 0.01) for male-dominant defects and 0.20 (P > 0.05) for female-dominant defects. Male-dominant defects were more likely to show less than 15% SGA and more likely to show the strongest risk differences by sex. Conclusions: These results are consistent with genetic causation of strongly skewed sex ratios, at least among male-dominant defects. Review of the literature Suggests that defects with sex ratios closer to 1 are likely to have lower recurrence risks and therefore are less likely to be inherited than are other defects with skewed sex ratios. Sex ratios closer to 1 and a high percentage SGA may be markers of acquired or environmental birth defects. Teratology 63:52-56, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Paulozzi, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Mailstop K60,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 BP 52 EP 56 DI 10.1002/1096-9926(200101)63:1<52::AID-TERA1008>3.0.CO;2-G PG 5 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 388WJ UT WOS:000166205800009 PM 11169555 ER PT J AU Rier, SE Turner, WE Martin, DC Morris, R Lucier, GW Clark, GC AF Rier, SE Turner, WE Martin, DC Morris, R Lucier, GW Clark, GC TI Serum levels of TCDD and dioxin-like chemicals in rhesus monkeys chronically exposed to dioxin: Correlation of increased serum PCB levels with endometriosis SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE endometriosis; rhesus monkey; environmental toxicants; dioxin; TCDD; PCB; dioxin-like chemicals ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; TOXICOKINETIC MIXTURE INTERACTIONS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; MACACA-MULATTA; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN TCDD; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; VIETNAM VETERANS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; RATS AB Humans and animals are exposed daily to a complex mixture of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs). Previous work has shown that exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is associated with a dose-dependent increase in the incidence and severity of endometriosis in the rhesus monkey. Dioxin-like chemicals can also exert effects in combination with TCDD via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. This study demonstrates that the serum levels of TCDD and specific dioxin-like PHAH congeners were increased in TCDD-treated animals with endometriosis 13 years after the TCDD exposure. Nine TCDD-exposed and 6 unexposed female rhesus monkeys were evaluated for serum content of relevant compounds and for endometriosis by surgical laparoscopy. Additional studies were done on 4 animals that died 7 to 11 years after exposure to TCDD and 4 lead-treated animals with no history of PHAH treatment. For TCDD-exposed and unexposed animals, TCDD exposure correlated with an increased serum TCDD concentration. Furthermore, TCDD exposure and an elevated serum TCDD concentration were associated with increased serum levels of triglycerides, 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran, 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) and 3,3'4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PnCB). Importantly, the animals with elevated serum levels of 3,3',4,4'-TCB, 3,3',4,4',5-PnCB and an increased total serum TEQ had a high prevalence of endometriosis, and the severity of disease correlated with the serum concentration of 3,3',4,4'-TCB. Increased serum concentrations of coplanar PCBs were also present in lead-treated animals. Implications of these findings for human health and the prevalence of endometriosis in humans will be discussed. C1 Dartmouth Med Sch, Dept Physiol, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Memphis, TN 38103 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Rier, SE (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, B1100 Med Ctr N, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES08545-01] NR 62 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 59 IS 1 BP 147 EP 159 DI 10.1093/toxsci/59.1.147 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 392CF UT WOS:000166392500016 PM 11134554 ER PT J AU Lawn, SD Wiktor, S Coulibaly, D Ackah, AN Lal, RB AF Lawn, SD Wiktor, S Coulibaly, D Ackah, AN Lal, RB TI Serum C-reactive protein and detection of tuberculosis in persons co-infected with the human immunodeficiency virus SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; diagnosis; human immunodeficiency virus; C-reactive protein ID HIV C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB & Mycobacteriol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Projet Retro CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Antituberculeux, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. RP Lawn, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Mail Stop G-35,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 95 IS 1 BP 41 EP 42 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(01)90328-1 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 412NQ UT WOS:000167561600012 PM 11280064 ER PT J AU Barton, JC Preston, BL McDonnell, SM Rothenberg, BE AF Barton, JC Preston, BL McDonnell, SM Rothenberg, BE TI Severity of iron overload in hemochromatosis: effect of volunteer blood donation before diagnosis SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS; GENETIC HEMOCHROMATOSIS; VENESECTION THERAPY; POPULATION SURVEY; SERUM FERRITIN; PREVALENCE; DONORS; PHLEBOTOMY; PROBANDS; WOMEN AB BACKGROUND: An effort was made to determine if volunteer blood donation before diagnosis decreases the severity of iron overload at diagnosis in persons with hemochromatosis. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A study was performed in 1089 persons in the United States with hemochromatosis who responded to a convenience sample survey and in 124 C282Y/C282Y hemochromatosis probands diagnosed during routine medical care. RESULTS: Less than half of questionnaire respondents (46.2%) and probands (35.5%) reported that they had been volunteer blood donors; 5.4 percent and 4.0 percent, respectively, had donated >20 units of blood. In either subject group, there were no significant differences according to age in the mean numbers of units that needed to be removed by therapeutic phlebotomy to induce iron depletion in subgroups of men and women, respectively. Similarly, there was no significant, correlation of units of voluntary blood donation or of therapeutic phlebotomy index (= therapeutic phlebotomy units divided by age in years) with the number of therapeutic phlebotomy units needed to induce iron depletion. When questionnaire respondents were stratified by sex, there was no significant correlation of units of blood donation with the number of therapeutic phlebotomy units needed to induce iron depletion or with the therapeutic phlebotomy index. CONCLUSION: Routine blood donation does not, on average, decrease the severity of iron overload in persons with hemochromatosis. These findings have implications for the understanding of the severity of iron overload and its complications in hemochromatosis, for advising persons with hemochromatosis about treatment, and far considering persons with hemochromatosis as possible blood donors. C1 Univ Alabama, So Iron Disorders Ctr, Birmingham, AL 35209 USA. Univ Alabama, Div Hematol & Oncol, Birmingham, AL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, San Diego, CA USA. Billups Rothenberg Inc, San Diego, CA USA. RP Barton, JC (reprint author), Univ Alabama, So Iron Disorders Ctr, G-105,2022 Brookwood Med Ctr Dr, Birmingham, AL 35209 USA. RI Preston, Benjamin/B-9001-2012 OI Preston, Benjamin/0000-0002-7966-2386 NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JAN PY 2001 VL 41 IS 1 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41010123.x PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 395LT UT WOS:000166582400022 PM 11161257 ER PT J AU Barry, C Cole, S Fourie, B Geiter, L Gosey, L Grosset, J Kanyok, T Laughon, B Mitchison, D Nunn, P O'Brien, R Robinson, T Annick-Mouries, M Cynamon, M Duncan, K Goldberger, M Gutteridege, W Kioy, D Pablos-Mendez, A Orme, I Rieder, H Roscigno, G Vernon, A AF Barry, C Cole, S Fourie, B Geiter, L Gosey, L Grosset, J Kanyok, T Laughon, B Mitchison, D Nunn, P O'Brien, R Robinson, T Annick-Mouries, M Cynamon, M Duncan, K Goldberger, M Gutteridege, W Kioy, D Pablos-Mendez, A Orme, I Rieder, H Roscigno, G Vernon, A TI Scientific blueprint for tuberculosis drug development - Global alliance for TB drug development SO TUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Review ID SHORT-COURSE CHEMOTHERAPY; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; TREATING PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; SCINTILLATION PROXIMITY ASSAY; EARLY BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; AEROSOL INFECTION MODEL; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS BCG; STRUCTURE-BASED DESIGN; ALAMAR-BLUE ASSAY; PREVENTIVE THERAPY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Res & Evaluat Branch E10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Inst Pasteur, Paris, France. S African MRC, Pretoria, South Africa. Sequella Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. US FDA, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. Univ Paris 06, Paris, France. WHO, Special Programme Res & Training Trop Dis, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. St George Hosp, Sch Med, London, England. Boston Consulting Grp Inc, Boston, MA USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Stevenage, Herts, England. US FDA, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. Rockefeller Fdn, New York, NY USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Int Union TB & Lung Dis, Bern, Switzerland. Global Alliance TB Drug Dev, New York, NY USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP O'Brien, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Res & Evaluat Branch E10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rjo1@cdcede.gov RI Barry, III, Clifton/H-3839-2012 NR 209 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 1472-9792 J9 TUBERCULOSIS JI Tuberculosis PY 2001 VL 81 SU 1 BP 1 EP 52 PG 52 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Respiratory System SC Immunology; Microbiology; Respiratory System GA 449LW UT WOS:000169686900001 ER PT J AU Ceianu, CS Ungureanu, A Nicolescu, G Cernescu, C Nitescu, L Tardei, G Petrescu, A Pitigoi, D Martin, D Ciulacu-Purcarea, V Vladimirescu, A Savage, HM AF Ceianu, CS Ungureanu, A Nicolescu, G Cernescu, C Nitescu, L Tardei, G Petrescu, A Pitigoi, D Martin, D Ciulacu-Purcarea, V Vladimirescu, A Savage, HM TI West Nile virus surveillance in Romania: 1997-2000 SO VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN ROMANIA; ENCEPHALITIS; DIAGNOSIS; EPIDEMIC AB In response to the 1996 West Nile (WN) fever epidemic that occurred in Bucharest and southeastern Romania, a surveillance program was established. The surveillance system detected 39 clinical human WN fever cases during the period 1997-2000: 14 cases in 1997, 5 cases in 1998, 7 cases in 1999, and 13 cases in 2000. Thirty-eight of the 39 case-patients lived in the greater Danube Valley of southern Romania, and 1 case-patient resided in the district of Vaslui, located on the Moldavian plateau. The estimated annual case incidence rate for the surveillance area during the period 1997-2000 was 0.95 cases per million residents. Thirty-four cases were serologically confirmed, and 5 cases were classified as probable. Twenty-four case-patients presented with clinical symptoms of meningitis (62%), 12 with meningoencephalitis (31%), 1 with encephalitis (3%), and 2 with febrile exanthema (5%). Five of the 39 cases were fatal (13%). Fourteen case-patients resided in rural areas, and 25 in urban and suburban areas, including 7 case-patients who resided in Bucharest. The ages of case-patients ranged from 8 to 76 years with a median age of 45 years. Twenty-four case-patients were males and 15 were females. Dates of onset of illness occurred from May 24 through September 25, with 82% of onset dates occurring in August and September. Limited entomological surveillance failed to detect WN virus. Retrospective sampling of domestic fowl in the vicinity of case-patient residences during the years 1997-2000 demonstrated seroprevalence rates of 7.8%-29%. Limited wild bird surveillance demonstrated seroprevalence rates of 5%-8%. The surveillance data suggest that WN virus persists focally for several years in poorly understood transmission cycles after sporadic introductions or that WN virus is introduced into Romania at relatively high rates, and persists seasonally in small foci. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Cantacuzino Inst, Reference Lab Insect Vectors, Bucharest, Romania. Army Ctr Med Res, Lab Diagnost Arbovirol, Bucharest, Romania. St S Nicolau Inst Virol, Bucharest, Romania. Grigore Antipa Natl Museum Nat Hist, Bucharest, Romania. Minist Hlth, Dept Prevent Med, Bucharest, Romania. RP Savage, HM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0882-8245 J9 VIRAL IMMUNOL JI Viral Immunol. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 3 BP 251 EP 262 DI 10.1089/088282401753266765 PG 12 WC Immunology; Virology SC Immunology; Virology GA 471UJ UT WOS:000170946800004 PM 11572635 ER PT J AU Bishop, PL Yu, T Kupferle, MJ Moll, D Alonso, C Koechling, M AF Bishop, PL Yu, T Kupferle, MJ Moll, D Alonso, C Koechling, M TI Teaching future professors how to teach SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Water Congress of the International-Water-Association (IWA) CY JUL 03-07, 2000 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Int Water Assoc DE teaching; course development; graduate education; environmental education; effective teaching; unit map; biofilms; student-instructors AB This paper describes a course designed to provide hands-on teaching experience to future professors and to incorporate techniques for more effective teaching. A team of Ph.D. candidates, under the direction of a senior faculty member, prepared a new course from beginning to end and then offered it to a class of graduate students. The course was developed using the unit map concept so that the presentations by the five student-instructors complemented and built upon one another. Immediately after each class, feedback was given to the student-instructors by the faculty advisor and the other student-instructors. Review of video tapes of the lecture reinforced this feedback. At the completion of the course, both students and student-instructors were surveyed as to the effectiveness of the course and the student-instructors. This teaching experience and the feedback obtained from the surveys will be invaluable to the student-instructors in their future development. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Umweltberatung Nueckel GMBH, Wadersloh, Germany. RP Bishop, PL (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 43 IS 5 BP 327 EP 332 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 425YL UT WOS:000168319200039 PM 11379149 ER PT S AU Gubler, DJ AF Gubler, DJ BE White, DJ Morse, DL TI Human arbovirus infections worldwide SO WEST NILE VIRUS: DETECTION, SURVEILLANCE, AND CONTROL SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on West Nile Virus CY APR 05-07, 2001 CL WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK SP NY Acad Sci, NY State Dept Hlth, NY City Dept Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mushett Family Fdn Inc DE West Nile virus; arbovirus; Dengue fever; yellow fever; Aedes aegypti mosquito ID DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; YELLOW-FEVER; EPIDEMIC AB Viral diseases transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods (arboviral diseases) are among the most important of the emerging infectious disease public health problems facing the world at the beginning of the third millennium. There are over 534 viruses listed in the arbovirus catalogue, approximately 134 of which have been shown to cause disease in humans. These are transmitted principally by mosquitoes and ticks. In the last two decades of the twentieth century, a few new arboviral diseases have been recognized. More important, however, is the dramatic resurgence and geographic spread of a number of old diseases that were once effectively controlled. Global demographic and societal changes, and modern transportation have provided the mechanisms for the viruses to break out of their natural ecology and become established in new geographic locations where susceptible arthropod vectors and hosts provide permissive conditions for them to cause major epidemics. West Nile virus is just the the latest example of this type of invasion by exotic viruses. This paper will provide an overview of the medically important arboviruses and discuss several in more detail as case studies to illustrate our tenuous position as we begin the twenty-first century. C1 CDCP, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Gubler, DJ (reprint author), CDCP, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 21 TC 68 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 13 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-374-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2001 VL 951 BP 13 EP 24 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Virology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Virology GA BT69H UT WOS:000173778000002 PM 11797771 ER PT S AU Komar, N AF Komar, N BE White, DJ Morse, DL TI West Nile virus surveillance using sentinel birds SO WEST NILE VIRUS: DETECTION, SURVEILLANCE, AND CONTROL SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on West Nile Virus CY APR 05-07, 2001 CL WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK SP NY Acad Sci, NY State Dept Hlth, NY City Dept Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mushett Family Fdn Inc DE arbovirus; Flaviviridae; West Nile virus; birds; sentinels ID LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES; EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ARBOVIRUS SURVEILLANCE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; ANTIBODIES; CHICKENS; TRANSMISSION; IMMUNOASSAY; INFECTIONS AB Captive and free-ranging birds have been used for decades as living sentinels in arbovirus surveillance programs. This review summarizes information relevant to selecting sentinel bird species for use in surveillance of West Nile (WN) virus. Although experience using avian sentinels for WN virus surveillance is limited, sentinels should be useful for both detecting and monitoring WN virus transmission; however, sentinel bird surveillance systems have yet to be adequately tested for use with the North American strain of WN virus. Captive chickens are typically used for arbovirus surveillance, but other captive species may be used as well. Serosurvey and experimental infection data suggest that both chickens and pigeons show promise as useful captive sentinels; both species were naturally exposed during the epizootics in New York City, 1999-2000, and both species develop antibodies after infection without becoming highly infectious to Culex pipiens vectors. Wild bird species that should be targeted for use as free-ranging sentinels include house sparrows and pigeons. The ideal wild bird should be determined locally on the basis of seroprevalence studies. Interpreting serological data generated from studies using free-ranging sentinel birds is complex, however. Sentinel bird monitoring sites should be selected in enzootic transmission foci. Several years of observation may be required for selection of effective sentinel monitoring sites. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Komar, N (reprint author), POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 67 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 19 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-374-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2001 VL 951 BP 58 EP 73 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Virology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Virology GA BT69H UT WOS:000173778000006 PM 11797805 ER PT S AU Campbell, GL Ceianu, CS Savage, HM AF Campbell, GL Ceianu, CS Savage, HM BE White, DJ Morse, DL TI Epidemic West Nile encephalitis in Romania - Waiting for history to repeat itself SO WEST NILE VIRUS: DETECTION, SURVEILLANCE, AND CONTROL SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on West Nile Virus CY APR 05-07, 2001 CL WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK SP NY Acad Sci, NY State Dept Hlth, NY City Dept Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mushett Family Fdn Inc DE West Nile virus; West Nile fever; flavivirus; epidemiology; Romania; Culex pipiens; encephalitis; meningitis; meningoencephalitis ID SOUTHEASTERN ROMANIA; VIRUS; MOSQUITOS; OUTBREAK AB Seroprevalence data suggest that West Nile virus activity in southern Romania dates to the 1960s or earlier. In the summer of 1996, southeastern Romania and especially Bucharest experienced an unprecedented epidemic of West Nile encephalitis/meningitis, with at least 393 hospitalized cases and 17 deaths. Contributing factors included a susceptible avian population and urban/suburban infrastructural conditions that favored the production of large numbers of Culex pipiens pipiens. The epidemic ended spontaneously in early autumn. Results of serosurveys conducted as the epidemic waned pointed to the recent, novel introduction of West Nile virus to Bucharest. During 19972000, 39 scattered human cases of clinical West Nile virus infection (mean, 10 per year; range, 5-14 per year)-including 5 (13%) fatal cases-were diagnosed serologically throughout the region, but epidemic disease did not recur. Results of limited ecologic surveillance efforts during 1997-2000 suggested the existence of numerous focal areas of enzootic West Nile virus activity within the region. The authors explore the possible factors that led to the 1996 epidemic, review the ecologic and human data gathered during the postepidemic period of 1997-2000, summarize the public health lessons offered by the epidemic and its aftermath, and speculate on the future of epidemic West Nile virus activity in southeastern Romania. C1 CDCP, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Inst Cantacuzino, Bucharest, Romania. RP Campbell, GL (reprint author), CDCP, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 27 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-374-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2001 VL 951 BP 94 EP 101 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Virology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Virology GA BT69H UT WOS:000173778000009 PM 11797808 ER PT S AU Campbell, GL Grady, LJ Huang, CN Lanciotti, R Kramer, L Roehrig, JT Shope, RE AF Campbell, GL Grady, LJ Huang, CN Lanciotti, R Kramer, L Roehrig, JT Shope, RE BE White, DJ Morse, DL TI Laboratory testing for West Nile virus - Panel discussion SO WEST NILE VIRUS: DETECTION, SURVEILLANCE, AND CONTROL SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material CT International Conference on West Nile Virus CY APR 05-07, 2001 CL WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK SP NY Acad Sci, NY State Dept Hlth, NY City Dept Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mushett Family Fdn Inc C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Griffin Lab, Wadsworth Ctr, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Griffin Lab, Wadsworth Ctr, Slingerlands, NY 12203 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Acambis Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. New Jersey Dept Agr, Trenton, NJ USA. Minist Publ Hlth Russia, Cent Res Inst Epidemiol, Moscow, Russia. Chares River Tektagen, Malvern, PA USA. PanBio InDx Inc, Baltimore, MD USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Massachusetts State Labs, Boston, MA USA. RP Campbell, GL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-374-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2001 VL 951 BP 179 EP 194 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Virology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Virology GA BT69H UT WOS:000173778000017 PM 11797776 ER PT S AU Nasci, RS Newton, NH Terrillion, GF Parsons, RE Dame, DA Miller, JR Ninivaggi, DV Kent, R AF Nasci, RS Newton, NH Terrillion, GF Parsons, RE Dame, DA Miller, JR Ninivaggi, DV Kent, R BE White, DJ Morse, DL TI Interventions: Vector control and public education - Panel discussion SO WEST NILE VIRUS: DETECTION, SURVEILLANCE, AND CONTROL SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material CT International Conference on West Nile Virus CY APR 05-07, 2001 CL WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK SP NY Acad Sci, NY State Dept Hlth, NY City Dept Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mushett Family Fdn Inc C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. N Carolina Dept Environm Hlth & Nat Resources, Publ Hlth Pest Management Sect, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. Nassau Cty Mosquito Control, Roosevelt, NY 11575 USA. Harris Cty Mosquito Control, Publ Hlth & Environm Serv, Houston, TX 77021 USA. Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Suffolk Cty Dept Publ Works, Yaphank, NY 11980 USA. New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Off Mosquito Control Coordinat, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. Bergen Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Paramus, NJ USA. Acambis Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. Flushing Hosp Med Ctr, Flushing, NY USA. CDC, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. RP Nasci, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-374-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2001 VL 951 BP 235 EP 254 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Virology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Virology GA BT69H UT WOS:000173778000021 PM 11797780 ER PT S AU Chang, GJJ Davis, BS Hunt, AR Holmes, DA Kuno, G AF Chang, GJJ Davis, BS Hunt, AR Holmes, DA Kuno, G BE White, DJ Morse, DL TI Flavivirus DNA vaccines - Current status and potential SO WEST NILE VIRUS: DETECTION, SURVEILLANCE, AND CONTROL SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on West Nile Virus CY APR 05-07, 2001 CL WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK SP NY Acad Sci, NY State Dept Hlth, NY City Dept Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mushett Family Fdn Inc DE flavivirus; vaccine; infection; protein ID BORNE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; WORLD-HEALTH-ORGANIZATION; DENGUE TYPE-2 VIRUS; YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; MEMORY B-CELLS; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES AB The use of DNA-based vaccines is a novel and promising immunization approach for the development of flavivirus vaccines. This approach has been attempted In vaccine development for various virus species, including St. Louis encephalitis, Russian spring-summer encephalitis, Central European encephalitis, dengue serotypes I and 2, Murray Valley encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile viruses. However, very little is known about the factors affecting its efficacy. Recently, we demonstrated that a single intramuscular immunization of DNA vaccine of Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses protected mice and horses from virus challenge. Administration of these recombinant plasmid vectors resulted in endogenous expression and secretion of extracellular virus-like particles that correlated well with the induction of protective immunity. These results provided evidence that the virus-like particles composed of premembrane/membrane and envelope proteins are essential for eliciting immune responses similar to those induced by live, attenuated virus vaccines. The biosynthesis and protein processing of premembrane/membrane and envelope proteins that preserve the native conformation and glycosylation profiles identical to virion proteins could be determined by the effectiveness of the transmembrane signal sequence located at the amino-terminus of premembrane protein. The use of DNA vaccines in multivalent and/or combination vaccines designed to immunize against multiple flaviviruses Is also a promising area of development. C1 CDCP, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Chang, GJJ (reprint author), CDCP, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 53 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-374-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2001 VL 951 BP 272 EP 285 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Virology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Virology GA BT69H UT WOS:000173778000024 PM 11797784 ER PT S AU Roehrig, JT Staudinger, LA Hunt, AR Mathews, JH Blair, CD AF Roehrig, JT Staudinger, LA Hunt, AR Mathews, JH Blair, CD BE White, DJ Morse, DL TI Antibody prophylaxis and therapy for flavivirus encephalitis infections SO WEST NILE VIRUS: DETECTION, SURVEILLANCE, AND CONTROL SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on West Nile Virus CY APR 05-07, 2001 CL WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK SP NY Acad Sci, NY State Dept Hlth, NY City Dept Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mushett Family Fdn Inc DE passive protection; monoclonal antibodies (MAbs); flaviviruses; cross-protection ID TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; VIRUS ENVELOPE PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PASSIVE-IMMUNIZATION; E-GLYCOPROTEIN; MOUSE MODEL; REDUCED NEUROINVASIVENESS; ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE; DNA VACCINES; WEST NILE AB The outbreak of West Nile (WN) encephalitis in the United States has rekindled interest in developing direct methods for prevention and control of human flaviviral infections. Although equine WN vaccines are currently being developed, a WN vaccine for humans is years away. There is also no specific therapeutic agent for flaviviral infections. The incidence of human WN virus infection is very low, which makes it difficult to target the human populations in need of vaccination and to assess the vaccine's economic feasibility. It has been shown, however, that prophylactic application of antiflaviviral antibody can protect mice from subsequent virus challenge. This model of antibody prophylaxis using murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) has been used to determine the timing of antibody application and specificity of applied antibody necessary for successful prophylaxis. The major flaviviral antigen is the envelope (E) glycoprotein that binds cellular receptors, mediates cell membrane fusion, and contains an array of epitopes that elicit virus-neutralizing and nonneutralizing antibodies. The protective efficacy of an E-glycoprotein-specific MAb is directly related to its ability to neutralize virus infectivity. The window for successful application of prophylactic antibody to prevent flaviviral encephalitis closes at about 4 to 6 days postinfection concomitant with viral invasion of the brain. Using murine MAbs to modify human disease results in a human antimouse antibody (HAMA) response that eventually limits the effectiveness of subsequent murine antibody applications. To reduce the HAMA response and make these MAbs more generally useful for humans, murine MAbs can be "humanized" or human MAbs with analogous reactivities can be developed. Antiflaviviral human or humanized MAbs might be practical and cost-effective reagents for preventing or modifying flaviviral diseases. C1 CDCP, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis,NCID, US Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Roehrig, JT (reprint author), CDCP, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis,NCID, US Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 56 TC 93 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 7 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-374-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2001 VL 951 BP 286 EP 297 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Virology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Virology GA BT69H UT WOS:000173778000025 PM 11797785 ER PT S AU Gubler, DJ Morse, DL Hadler, JL Ostroff, SM Dame, DA Layton, M Shope, RE Reynolds, D Jupp, P McNamara, T Spielman, A Trtanj, J Focks, D Arbegast, D AF Gubler, DJ Morse, DL Hadler, JL Ostroff, SM Dame, DA Layton, M Shope, RE Reynolds, D Jupp, P McNamara, T Spielman, A Trtanj, J Focks, D Arbegast, D BE White, DJ Morse, DL TI Guidance for 2001 - Panel discussion SO WEST NILE VIRUS: DETECTION, SURVEILLANCE, AND CONTROL SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material CT International Conference on West Nile Virus CY APR 05-07, 2001 CL WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK SP NY Acad Sci, NY State Dept Hlth, NY City Dept Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mushett Family Fdn Inc C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Off Sci & Publ Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. Connecticut Dept Hlth, Infect Dis Div, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gubler, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-374-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2001 VL 951 BP 298 EP 306 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Virology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Virology GA BT69H UT WOS:000173778000026 PM 11797786 ER PT S AU McCarthy, TA Hadler, JL Julian, K Walsh, SJ Biggerstaff, BJ Hinten, SR Baisley, C Iton, A Brennan, T Nelson, RS Achambault, C Marfin, AA Peterson, LR AF McCarthy, TA Hadler, JL Julian, K Walsh, SJ Biggerstaff, BJ Hinten, SR Baisley, C Iton, A Brennan, T Nelson, RS Achambault, C Marfin, AA Peterson, LR BE White, DJ Morse, DL TI West Nile virus serosurvey and assessment of personal prevention efforts in an area with intense epizootic activity: Connecticut, 2000 SO WEST NILE VIRUS: DETECTION, SURVEILLANCE, AND CONTROL SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on West Nile Virus CY APR 05-07, 2001 CL WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK SP NY Acad Sci, NY State Dept Hlth, NY City Dept Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mushett Family Fdn Inc DE West Nile virus; flavivirus; arbovirus; encephalitis; seroprevalence; cluster sampling AB West Nile virus (WNV) can cause large outbreaks of febrile illness and severe neurologic disease. This study estimates the seroprevalence of WNV infection and assesses risk perception and practices regarding potential exposures to mosquitoes of persons in an area with intense epizootics in 1999 and 2000. A serosurvey of persons aged greater than or equal to12 years was conducted in southwestern Connecticut during October 10-15, 2000, using household-based stratified cluster sampling. Participants completed a questionnaire regarding concern for and personal measures taken with respect to WNV and provided a blood sample for WNV testing. Seven hundred thirty persons from 645 households participated. No person tested positive for WNV (95% CI: 0-0.5%). Overall, 44% of persons used mosquito repellent, 56% practiced greater than or equal to two personal precautions to avoid mosquitoes, and 61% of households did greater than or equal to two mosquito-source reduction activities. In multivariate analyses, using mosquito repellent was associated with age <50 years, using English as the primary language in the home, being worried about WNV, being a little worried about pesticides, and finding mosquitoes frequently in the home (P<0.05). Females (OR = 2.0; Cl = 1.2-2.9) and persons very worried about WNV (OR = 3.8; Cl = 2.2-6.5) were more likely to practice two personal precautions. Taking : two mosquito source reductions was associated with persons with English as the primary language (OR = 2.0; CI = 1.1-3.5) and finding a dead bird on the property (OR 1.8; CI = 1.1-2.8). An intense epizootic can occur in an area without having a high risk for infection to humans. A better understanding of Why certain people do not take personal protective measures, especially among those aged :50 years and those whose primary language is not English, might be needed if educational campaigns are to prevent future WNV outbreaks. C1 Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Epidemiol Program, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. CDCP, Epidemiol Program Off, Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, NCID, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Greenwich Dept Hlth, Greenwich, CT 06830 USA. Stamford Hlth Dept, Stamford, CT 06901 USA. RP Hadler, JL (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Epidemiol Program, 410 Capitol Ave MS 11 EPI, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-374-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2001 VL 951 BP 307 EP 316 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Virology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Virology GA BT69H UT WOS:000173778000027 PM 11797787 ER PT S AU Bunning, ML Bowen, RA Cropp, B Sullivan, K Davis, B Komar, N Godsey, M Baker, D Hettler, D Holmes, D Mitchell, CJ AF Bunning, ML Bowen, RA Cropp, B Sullivan, K Davis, B Komar, N Godsey, M Baker, D Hettler, D Holmes, D Mitchell, CJ BE White, DJ Morse, DL TI Experimental infection of horses with West Nile virus and their potential to infect mosquitoes and serve as amplifying hosts SO WEST NILE VIRUS: DETECTION, SURVEILLANCE, AND CONTROL SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on West Nile Virus CY APR 05-07, 2001 CL WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK SP NY Acad Sci, NY State Dept Hlth, NY City Dept Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mushett Family Fdn Inc DE West Nile virus; horses C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, NCID, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Serv, DHHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Physiol, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Bunning, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, NCID, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-374-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2001 VL 951 BP 338 EP 339 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Virology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Virology GA BT69H UT WOS:000173778000033 PM 11797793 ER PT J AU Easton, A Husten, C Elon, L Pederson, L Frank, E AF Easton, A Husten, C Elon, L Pederson, L Frank, E TI Non-primary care physicians and smoking cessation counseling: Women Physicians' Health Study SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE non-primary care physicians; women; smoking cessation counseling ID UNITED-STATES; PREVENTION; SERVICES; PRACTITIONERS; ATTITUDES; EMERGENCY; OPINIONS; DISEASE; COHORT; HABITS AB Objectives: The Women Physicians' Health Study (WPHS) offers a unique opportunity to examine the counseling and screening practices of women physicians in various specialties. In this study we describe the prevalence of self-reported counseling on smoking cessation among non-primary care women physicians and examine the association between their demographic, professional, and personal characteristics and such counseling on smoking cessation. Methods: Conducted in 1993-1994, WPHS is a nationally representative cross-sectional mailed survey of U.S. women physicians with 4,501 respondents representing all major specialties. Physicians in 9 specialty areas were grouped in 6 categories: (1) anesthesiology; (2) general surgery and surgical subspecialties; (3) emergency medicine; (4) medical subspecialties, (5) psychiatry; and (6) other. Frequent counseling was defined as having counseled patients who were known smokers at every visit or at least once a year. Results: Overall, 45% of the physicians frequently counseled smokers to quit. Medical subspecialists (80%) were most likely and psychiatrists (29%) least likely to counsel frequently. Specialty, perceived relevance of counseling to the physician's practice, and self-confidence in counseling about smoking cessation were associated with frequent counseling. Conclusion: Cessation counseling by non-primary care physicians can reduce tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. Increasing perceived relevance and self-confidence among this group of physicians, combined with implementation of system changes and the creation of physician accountability can facilitate the provision of such counseling. (C) 2001 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Easton, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0363-0242 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 2001 VL 34 IS 4 BP 15 EP 29 DI 10.1300/J013v34n04_02 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 511LE UT WOS:000173264700002 PM 11785855 ER PT J AU Hogben, M Lawrence, JS Eldridge, GD AF Hogben, M Lawrence, JS Eldridge, GD TI Sexual risk behavior, drug use, and STD rates among incarcerated women SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE dincarcerated women; STD/HIV; STD/HIV risk behaviors ID HIV-INFECTION; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; COUNTY JAIL; ALCOHOL; REDUCTION; SYSTEM; ABUSE; CARE AB Objective: To present a profile of long-term incarcerated women in two southern states. Methods: 472 women responded to interview questions assessing their arrest histories, STD rates, sexual risk behaviors, and drug/alcohol use. Results: Lifetime sexual behaviors were risky and drug use was high: 38.9% had been told they had an STD over the course of their lifetimes. Current risk behaviors were fewer: 17.8% of incarcerated women were sexually active while incarcerated (mostly with other women), and reported drug use was low. Conclusion: The drop in the number of risk behaviors among longterm incarcerated women presents an opportunity for risk reduction interventions aimed at post-release. C1 CDCP, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Jackson State Univ, Dept Psychol, Jackson, MS USA. RP Hogben, M (reprint author), CDCP, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Div STD Prevent, Mail Stop E-44,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0363-0242 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 2001 VL 34 IS 1 BP 63 EP 78 DI 10.1300/J013v34n01_05 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 488JU UT WOS:000171932700005 ER PT J AU Lauby, JL Semaan, S O'Connell, A Person, B Vogel, A AF Lauby, JL Semaan, S O'Connell, A Person, B Vogel, A TI Factors related to self-efficacy for use of condoms and birth control among women at risk for HIV infection SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE HIV prevention; self-efficacy; condom use; birth control ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; PREVENTION INTERVENTION; AIDS-PREVENTION; BLACK-WOMEN; BEHAVIOR; GENDER; ATTITUDES; PROMOTION AB Many women who are at risk for HIV do not regularly use condoms, particularly with their main partners. In this paper we examine factors related to self-efficacy for condom use with main and other partners and self-efficacy for birth control in 2864 women interviewed in five urban high-risk communities. Limited social and economic resources, dependence on a main partner, and risk factors, including exchanging sex for money or drugs and binge drinking, were found to be negatively related to self-efficacy. Segmentation analysis identified groups of women with low self-efficacy who should be the focus of preventive interventions. (C) 2001 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Philadelphia Hlth Management Corp, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. RP Lauby, JL (reprint author), Philadelphia Hlth Management Corp, 260 S Broad St,18th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. RI O'Connell, Ann/A-6833-2013 NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 3 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0363-0242 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 2001 VL 34 IS 3 BP 71 EP 91 DI 10.1300/J013v34n03_05 PG 21 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 494ZR UT WOS:000172316200005 PM 11708688 ER PT J AU Cabral, RJ Galavotti, C Armstrong, K Morrow, B Fogarty, L AF Cabral, RJ Galavotti, C Armstrong, K Morrow, B Fogarty, L TI Reproductive and contraceptive attitudes as predictors of condom use among women in an HIV prevention intervention SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE childbearing; contraception; partner; condoms; HIV ID RISK-REDUCTION INTERVENTION; AIDS; PREGNANCIES; INFECTION; CHOICE; MODEL AB This study prospectively evaluates the effect of childbearing motivation and contraceptive attitudes on consistency of condom use among at-risk women enrolled in an HIV prevention intervention. Women (age 15-40, 85% African-American) were recruited from homeless shelters, drug treatment facilities, and public housing developments and assigned to standard or enhanced intervention conditions. Among the eligible study group of nonsterilized women with a main partner (n = 312), 24.4% wanted to have a baby at baseline; 43.5% believed their partner wanted them to have a baby. Women who reported a desire for a baby, compared to all others, were less likely to be at a higher level of condom consistency six months later (OR = 0.66; .48-90). Women who perceived partner support contraceptive use showed a higher level ofcondom consistency (OR = 1.20; 1.03-1.41) at 6-month follow-up, Many women in this study wanted to have a baby and this desire interfered with subsequent consistency of condom use. We also found that condom use increased toward consistency of use among women whose partner supported contraceptive use, HIV prevention interventions should include screening for reproductive motivation, so that prevention messages can be tailored to the realities of women's lives. Women who want a baby can be educated about disease prevention in the context of pregnancy planning and linked with appropriate services. Women who want to avoid childbearing can be given messages that emphasize the contraceptive benefits of condom use and that help strengthen partner support. (C) 2001 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Family Planning Council, Philadelphia, PA USA. Klemm Anal Grp Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Cabral, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, MS K-34,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rxc1@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0363-0242 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 2001 VL 33 IS 3-4 BP 117 EP 132 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 472KB UT WOS:000170981900008 PM 11527100 ER PT J AU Williams, SP Gardos, PS Ortiz-Torres, B Tross, S Ehrhardt, AA AF Williams, SP Gardos, PS Ortiz-Torres, B Tross, S Ehrhardt, AA TI Urban women's negotiation strategies for safer sex with their male partners SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE negotiation; urban women; safer sex; sexual behavior; interventions; HIV/STD prevention ID CONDOM USE; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; AIDS; BEHAVIOR; GENDER; ADULTS; POWER AB Heterosexual transmission of HIV is growing at an increasing rate. One primary prevention strategy is to consistently use condoms. With the exception of female condoms, women do not "wear" condoms and therefore must negotiate condom use with their male partners. This present study examines the strategies women believe they would use in a safer sex negotiation with a male partner including (1) initiating negotiations, (2) resolving conflict, and (3) maintaining the intention to practice safer sex. The findings highlight the importance of understanding women's patterns of negotiation as well as their repertoire of negotiation skills prior to their exposure to behavioral interventions and prevention programs. (C) 2001 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 New York State Psychiat Inst, Hiv Ctr Clin & Behav Studies, New York, NY 10032 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. RP Ehrhardt, AA (reprint author), New York State Psychiat Inst, Hiv Ctr Clin & Behav Studies, 1051 Riverside Dr,Unit 15, New York, NY 10032 USA. RI Ortiz-Torres, Blanca/F-3675-2010 FU NIMH NIH HHS [5T32-MH19139, P50-MH43520] NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0363-0242 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 2001 VL 33 IS 3-4 BP 133 EP 148 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 472KB UT WOS:000170981900009 PM 11527101 ER PT J AU Easton, A Husten, C Malarcher, A Elon, L Caraballo, R Ahluwalia, I Frank, E AF Easton, A Husten, C Malarcher, A Elon, L Caraballo, R Ahluwalia, I Frank, E TI Smoking cessation counseling by primary care women physicians: Women physicians' health study SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE physicians; women; smoking cessation counseling ID POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION; UNITED-STATES; PREVENTION; INTERVENTIONS; PRACTITIONERS; INTERNISTS; PROMOTION; SERVICES; ADVICE AB Objectives: The Women Physicians' Health Study (WPHS) offers a unique opportunity to examine the counseling and screening practices of women physicians. The objectives of this study were to: describe the prevalence of self-reported smoking cessation counseling among primary care women physicians and determine the association between physician demographic, professional, and personal characteristics and smoking cessation counseling. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Easton, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0363-0242 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 2001 VL 32 IS 4 BP 77 EP 91 DI 10.1300/J013v32n04_05 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 467AQ UT WOS:000170678700005 PM 11548137 ER PT J AU Williams, SP AF Williams, SP TI Reaching the hard to reach: Implications of the new view of women's sexual problems SO WOMEN & THERAPY LA English DT Article DE hard to reach; marginalized; women; sexual problems ID TO-REACH; POPULATIONS; RISK AB Much of the research regarding women's Sexual issues has focused on accessible groups of women. Women who are marginalized are often harder to reach. Thus, their needs and challenges are not as visible, nor as well addressed as those who have access to resources. This commentary describes the contribution the document "A New View of Women's Sexual Problems" can make in addressing the sexual problems of women who are hard to reach. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Williams, SP (reprint author), CDCP, Div STD Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Mail Stop E-44,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0270-3149 J9 WOMEN THER JI Women Ther. PY 2001 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 42 PG 4 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Women's Studies SC Psychology; Women's Studies GA 536BP UT WOS:000174681100007 ER PT J AU Whitney, CG Farley, MM Hadler, J Harrison, LH Lexau, C Reingold, A Lefkowitz, L Cieslak, PR Cetron, M Zell, ER Jorgensen, JH Schuchat, A AF Whitney, CG Farley, MM Hadler, J Harrison, LH Lexau, C Reingold, A Lefkowitz, L Cieslak, PR Cetron, M Zell, ER Jorgensen, JH Schuchat, A CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; PENICILLIN-RESISTANT; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; PNEUMOCOCCAL BACTEREMIA; MENINGITIS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SURVEILLANCE; MANAGEMENT; INFECTIONS AB Background: The emergence of drug-resistant strains of bacteria has complicated treatment decisions and may lead to treatment failures. Methods: We examined data on invasive pneumococcal disease in patients identified from 1995 to 1998 in the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pneumococci that had a high level of resistance or had intermediate resistance according to the definitions of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards were defined as "resistant'' for this analysis. Results: During 1998, 4013 cases of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease were reported (23 cases per 100,000 population); isolates were available for 3475 (87 percent). Overall, 24 percent of isolates from 1998 were resistant to penicillin. The proportion of isolates that were resistant to penicillin was highest in Georgia (33 percent) and Tennessee (35 percent), in children under five years of age (32 percent, vs. 21 percent for persons five or more years of age), and in whites (26 percent, vs. 22 percent for blacks). Penicillin-resistant isolates were more likely than susceptible isolates to have a high level of resistance to other antimicrobial agents. Serotypes included in the 7-valent conjugate and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines accounted for 78 percent and 88 percent of penicillin-resistant strains, respectively. Between 1995 and 1998 (during which period 12,045 isolates were collected), the proportion of isolates that were resistant to three or more classes of drugs increased from 9 percent to 14 percent; there also were increases in the proportions of isolates that were resistant to penicillin (from 21 percent to 25 percent), cefotaxime (from 10 percent to 14 percent), meropenem (from 10 percent to 16 percent), erythromycin (from 11 percent to 15 percent), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (from 25 percent to 29 percent). The increases in the frequency of resistance to other antimicrobial agents occurred exclusively among penicillin-resistant isolates. Conclusions: Multidrug-resistant pneumococci are common and are increasing. Because a limited number of serotypes account for most infections with drug-resistant strains, the new conjugate vaccines offer protection against most drug-resistant strains of S. pneumoniae. (N Engl J Med 2000;343:1917-24.) (C) 2000, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Vanderbilt Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Whitney, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop C-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 41 TC 616 Z9 638 U1 6 U2 39 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 28 PY 2000 VL 343 IS 26 BP 1917 EP 1924 DI 10.1056/NEJM200012283432603 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 386VR UT WOS:000166082700003 PM 11136262 ER PT J AU Lentine, DA Hersey, JC Iannacchione, VG Laird, GH McClamroch, K Thalji, L AF Lentine, DA Hersey, JC Iannacchione, VG Laird, GH McClamroch, K Thalji, L CA CDC TI HIV-related knowledge and stigma - United States, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 1062-1064, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. CDC, Prevent Informat Off, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lentine, DA (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 27 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 24 BP 3118 EP 3119 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 385FZ UT WOS:000165994100011 ER PT J AU Novello, A White, D Kramer, L Trimarchi, C Edison, M Morse, D Wallace, B Smith, P Trock, S Stone, W Cherry, B Kellachan, J Kulasekera, B Miller, J Poshni, I Glaser, C Crans, W Sorhage, F Bresnitz, E Andreadis, T French, R Lis, M Nelson, R Mayo, D Carter, M Hadler, J Werner, B DeMaria, A Bandy, U Greenblatt, J Keller, P Levy, M Lesser, C Beyer, R Driscoll, C Johnson, C Krick, J Altman, A Rohn, D Myers, R Montague, L Scaletta, J Roche, J Engber, B Newton, N McPherson, T MacCormack, N Obiri, G Rankin, J Tassler, P Galbraith, P Jenkins, S Stroube, R Wolfe, D Towers, H Meredith, W Hathcock, A Kelley, P Bunning, M AF Novello, A White, D Kramer, L Trimarchi, C Edison, M Morse, D Wallace, B Smith, P Trock, S Stone, W Cherry, B Kellachan, J Kulasekera, B Miller, J Poshni, I Glaser, C Crans, W Sorhage, F Bresnitz, E Andreadis, T French, R Lis, M Nelson, R Mayo, D Carter, M Hadler, J Werner, B DeMaria, A Bandy, U Greenblatt, J Keller, P Levy, M Lesser, C Beyer, R Driscoll, C Johnson, C Krick, J Altman, A Rohn, D Myers, R Montague, L Scaletta, J Roche, J Engber, B Newton, N McPherson, T MacCormack, N Obiri, G Rankin, J Tassler, P Galbraith, P Jenkins, S Stroube, R Wolfe, D Towers, H Meredith, W Hathcock, A Kelley, P Bunning, M CA CDC TI Update: West Nile Virus activity - Eastern United States, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, pg 1044-1047, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New York State Dept Agr, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Connecticut Dept Agr, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Providence, RI 02908 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. New Hampshire Dept Hlth, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Maryland Dept Agr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. Vermont Dept Hlth, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA 23218 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USAF, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. CDC, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Novello, A (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 27 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 24 BP 3119 EP 3120 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 385FZ UT WOS:000165994100012 ER PT J AU Cowling, DW Kwong, SL Schlag, R Lloyd, JC Bal, DG AF Cowling, DW Kwong, SL Schlag, R Lloyd, JC Bal, DG CA CDC TI Declines in lung cancer rates - California, 1988-1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 1066-1070, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 27 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 24 BP 3121 EP 3122 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 385FZ UT WOS:000165994100014 ER PT J CA Minist Hlth Intercountry Off So Africa & Reg Natl Inst Virol World Hlth Org Natl Ctr Infect Dis CDC TI Outbreak of poliomyelitis - Cape Verde, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 1070, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Minist Hlth, Country Off, Praia, Cape Verde. Intercountry Off W Africa, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Intercountry Off So Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe. Reg Off Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe. Inst Pasteur, Dakar, Senegal. Natl Inst Virol, Johannesburg, South Africa. WHO, Vaccines & Other Biol Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, Div Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Vaccine Preventable Dis Eradicat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Minist Hlth, Country Off, Praia, Cape Verde. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 27 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 24 BP 3121 EP 3121 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 385FZ UT WOS:000165994100013 ER PT J AU Feikin, DR Lezotte, DC Hamman, RF Salmon, DA Chen, RT Hoffman, RE AF Feikin, DR Lezotte, DC Hamman, RF Salmon, DA Chen, RT Hoffman, RE TI Individual and community risks of measles and pertussis associated with personal exemptions to immunization SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; VACCINATION; OUTBREAK; HEALTH; LAWS AB Context The risk of vaccine-preventable diseases among children who have philosophical and religious exemptions from immunization has been understudied, Objectives To evaluate whether personal exemption from immunization is associated with risk of measles and pertussis at individual and community levels. Design, Setting, and Participants Population-based, retrospective cohort study using data collected on standardized forms regarding all reported measles and pertussis cases among children aged 3 to 18 years in Colorado during 1987-1998, Main Outcome Measures Relative risk of measles and pertussis among exemptors and vaccinated children; association between incidence rates among vaccinated children and frequency of exemptors in Colorado counties; association between school outbreaks and frequency of exemptors in schools; and risk associated with exposure to an exemptor in measles outbreaks. Results Exemptors were 22.2 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.9-31.1) more likely to acquire measles and 5.9 times (95% CI, 4.2-8.2) more likely to acquire pertussis than Vaccinated children. After adjusting for confounders, the frequency of exemptors in a county was associated with the incidence rate of measles (relative risk [RR], 1.6, 95% CI, 1.0-2.4) and pertussis (RR, 1.9; 95 % CI, 1.7-2.1) in vaccinated children. Schools with pertussis outbreaks had more exemptors (mean, 4.3% of students) than schools without outbreaks (1.5% of students; P=.001), At least 11% of vaccinated children in measles outbreaks acquired infection through contact with an exemptor, Conclusions The risk of measles and pertussis is elevated in personal exemptors. Public health personnel should recognize the potential effect of exemptors in outbreaks in their communities, and parents should be made aware of the risks involved in not vaccinating their children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Feikin, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-C23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 203 Z9 206 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 27 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 24 BP 3145 EP 3150 DI 10.1001/jama.284.24.3145 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 385FZ UT WOS:000165994100032 PM 11135778 ER PT J AU Dunne, EF Fey, PD Kludt, P Reporter, R Mostashari, F Shillam, P Wicklund, J Miller, C Holland, B Stamey, E Barrett, TJ Rasheed, JK Tenover, FC Ribot, EM Angulo, FJ AF Dunne, EF Fey, PD Kludt, P Reporter, R Mostashari, F Shillam, P Wicklund, J Miller, C Holland, B Stamey, E Barrett, TJ Rasheed, JK Tenover, FC Ribot, EM Angulo, FJ TI Emergence of domestically acquired ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella infections associated with AmpC beta-lactamase SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EXPANDED-SPECTRUM CEPHALOSPORINS; UNITED-STATES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TYPHIMURIUM; CEFOTAXIME; OUTBREAK; THERAPY; GASTROENTERITIS; ENTERITIDIS; INFANTS AB Context Ceftriaxone, an expanded-spectrum cephalosporin, is an antimicrobial agent commonly used to treat severe Salmonella infections, especially in children, Ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella infections have recently been reported in the United States, but the extent of the problem is unknown. Objectives To summarize national surveillance data for ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella infections in the United States and to describe mechanisms of resistance. Design and Setting Case series and laboratory evaluation of human isolates submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 17 state and community health departments participating in the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) for enteric bacteria between 1996 and 1998. Patients Patients with ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella infections between 1996 and 1998 were interviewed and isolates with decreased ceftriaxone susceptibility were further characterized. Main Outcome Measures Exposures and illness outcomes, mechanisms of resistance. Results The prevalence of ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella was 0.1% (1 of 1326) in 1996, 0.4% (5 of 1301) in 1997, and 0.5% (7 of 1466) in 1998. Ten (77%) of the 13 patients with ceftriaxone-resistant infections were aged 18 years or younger. The patients lived in 8 states (California, Colorado, Kansas. Massachusetts, Maryland, Minnesota, New York, and Oregon). Nine (82%) of 11 patients interviewed did not take antimicrobial agents and 10 (91%) did not travel outside the United States before illness onset. Twelve of the 15 Salmonella isolates with ceftriaxone minimum inhibitory concentrations of 16 mug/mL or higher were serotype Typhimurium but these isolates had different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. Thirteen of these 15 isolates collected between 1996 and 1998 were positive for a 631-base pair polymerase chain reaction product obtained by using primers specific for the ampC gene of Citrobacter freundii. Conclusions Domestically acquired ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella has emerged in the United States. Most ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella isolates had similar AmpC plasmid-mediated resistance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Angulo, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 35 TC 170 Z9 176 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 27 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 24 BP 3151 EP 3156 DI 10.1001/jama.284.24.3151 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 385FZ UT WOS:000165994100033 PM 11135779 ER PT J AU Arishi, H Ageel, A Rahman, MA Al Hazmi, A Arishi, AR Ayoola, B Menon, C Ashraf, J Frogusin, O Ochia, L Sawwan, F Al Hazmi, M Almaradni, M Shah, MY As-Sharif, A Al Sayed, M Ageel, AR Shihry, A Khobar, A Abudahish, A Al Sharif, A Al Hazmi, I Quenfadah, A Alrajhi, AA Al-Hedaithy, MA Fatani, A Sahaly, A Ghelani, A Al Basam, T Turkistani, A Al Rabeah, AM Al Hamdan, N Mishkas, A Al Jeffri, MH Al Mazrou, YY Alamri, MM Al-Qahtani, MM Al Drees, A Madani, T Al Gasabi, G Shubokshi, OA Al Khamees, M Al Mujalli, D Ibn Moamar, AA Jupp, P Kemp, A Burt, F Swanepoel, R AF Arishi, H Ageel, A Rahman, MA Al Hazmi, A Arishi, AR Ayoola, B Menon, C Ashraf, J Frogusin, O Ochia, L Sawwan, F Al Hazmi, M Almaradni, M Shah, MY As-Sharif, A Al Sayed, M Ageel, AR Shihry, A Khobar, A Abudahish, A Al Sharif, A Al Hazmi, I Quenfadah, A Alrajhi, AA Al-Hedaithy, MA Fatani, A Sahaly, A Ghelani, A Al Basam, T Turkistani, A Al Rabeah, AM Al Hamdan, N Mishkas, A Al Jeffri, MH Al Mazrou, YY Alamri, MM Al-Qahtani, MM Al Drees, A Madani, T Al Gasabi, G Shubokshi, OA Al Khamees, M Al Mujalli, D Ibn Moamar, AA Jupp, P Kemp, A Burt, F Swanepoel, R CA CDC TI Update: Outbreak of Rift Valley fever - Saudi Arabia, August-November 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 982-986, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 King Fahad Cent Hosp, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Al Ardah Hosp, Med Serv, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Samta Gen Hosp, Med Serv, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Reg Hlth Affairs, Prevent Med, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. King Saud Univ, King Khalid Univ Hosp, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia Field Epidemiol Training Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Labs & Blood Banks, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Minist Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Minist Agr & Water, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Natl Inst Virol, Special Pathogens Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. CDC, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Arishi, H (reprint author), King Fahad Cent Hosp, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 20 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 23 BP 2989 EP 2990 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 382VC UT WOS:000165847200008 ER PT J AU Zurlo, J Crook, T Green, W Adams, J Freer, C Ratner, J M'ikanatha, N Rankin, J Stetson, L Pappagianis, D AF Zurlo, J Crook, T Green, W Adams, J Freer, C Ratner, J M'ikanatha, N Rankin, J Stetson, L Pappagianis, D CA CDC TI Coccidioidomycosis in travelers returning from Mexico-Pennsylvania, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 1004-1006, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Hanover Hosp, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Cent Community Hosp, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. CDC, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zurlo, J (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 20 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 23 BP 2990 EP 2991 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 382VC UT WOS:000165847200009 ER PT J AU Durch, J Ringhand, T Manner, K Barnett, M Proctor, M Davis, J Boxrud, D AF Durch, J Ringhand, T Manner, K Barnett, M Proctor, M Davis, J Boxrud, D CA CDC TI Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 infection associated with eating fresh cheese curds - Wisconsin, June 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 911-913, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES; MILK C1 Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI 53701 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. CDC, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 20 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 23 BP 2991 EP 2992 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 382VC UT WOS:000165847200010 ER PT J AU Ramachandran, M Kirkwood, CD Unicomb, L Cunliffe, NA Ward, RL Bhan, MK Clark, HF Glass, RI Gentsch, JR AF Ramachandran, M Kirkwood, CD Unicomb, L Cunliffe, NA Ward, RL Bhan, MK Clark, HF Glass, RI Gentsch, JR TI Molecular characterization of serotype G9 rotavirus strains from a global collection SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELECTION FOLLOWING COINFECTION; SUBGROUP-2 HUMAN ROTAVIRUSES; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; ANTIGENIC CHARACTERIZATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CULTURED-CELLS; NSP4 GENE; VP7 AB Between 1992 and 1998, serotype G9 human rotavirus (RV) strains have been detected in 10 countries, including Thailand, India, Brazil, Bangladesh, Malawi, Italy, France, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, suggesting the possible emergence of the fifth common serotype worldwide. Unlike the previously characterized reference G9 strains (i.e., WI61 and F45), the recent G9 isolates had a variety of gene combinations, raising questions concerning their origin and evolution. To identify the progenitor strain and examine the on-going evolution of the recent G9 strains, we characterized by genetic and antigenic analyses 16 isolates obtained from children with diarrhea in India, Bangladesh, the United States, and Malawi. Specifically, we sequenced their VP7 and NSP4 genes and compared the nucleotide (nt) and deduced amino acid sequences with the reference G9 strains. To identify reassortment, we examined the products of five gene segments; VP4, VP7, and NSP4 genotypes (genes 4, 9, and 10); subgroups (gene 6); electropherotypes (gene It); and the genogroup profiles of ail of the recent G9 isolates. Sequence analysis of the VP7 gene indicated that the recent U.S. P[6],G9 strains were closely related to the Malawian G9 strains (>99% nt identity) but distinct from G9 strains of India (similar to 97% nt identity), Bangladesh (similar to 98% nt identity), and the reference strains (similar to 97% nt identity). Phylogenetic analysis identified a single cluster for the U.S. P[6],G9 strains that may have common progenitors with Malawian P[6],G9 strains whereas separate lineages were defined for the Indian, Bangladeshi, and reference G9 strains. Northern hybridization results indicated that all 11 gene segments of the Malawian P[6],G9 strains hybridized with a probe derived from a U.S. strain of the same genotype and may have the same progenitor, different from the Indian G9 strains, whereas the Bangladesh strains may have evolved from the U.S. G9 progenitors. Overall, our findings suggest that much greater diversity among the newly identified G9 strains has been generated by reassortment between gene segments than through the accumulation of mutations in a single gene. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Univ Liverpool, Dept Med Microbiol & Genitourinary Med, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Wellcome Trust Res Labs, Blantyre, Malawi. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Pediat Gastroenterol, New Delhi, India. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Infect Dis Sect, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Ramachandran, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, MS G04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Cunliffe, Nigel/0000-0002-5449-4988 NR 46 TC 99 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD DEC 20 PY 2000 VL 278 IS 2 BP 436 EP 444 DI 10.1006/viro.2000.0682 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 388EK UT WOS:000166164300013 PM 11118366 ER PT J AU Cooper, R Cutler, J Desvigne-Nickens, P Fortmann, SP Friedman, L Havlik, R Hogelin, G Marler, J McGovern, P Morosco, G Mosca, L Pearson, T Stamler, J Stryer, D Thom, T AF Cooper, R Cutler, J Desvigne-Nickens, P Fortmann, SP Friedman, L Havlik, R Hogelin, G Marler, J McGovern, P Morosco, G Mosca, L Pearson, T Stamler, J Stryer, D Thom, T TI Trends and disparities in coronary heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases in the United States - Findings of the National Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular diseases; epidemiology; prevention ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION; DIABETES-MELLITUS; ACE-INHIBITORS; MORTALITY; FAILURE; PATTERNS; HEALTH; PREVALENCE; PHYSICIANS AB A workshop was held September 27 through 29, 1999: to address issues relating to national trends in mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular diseases; the apparent slowing of declines in mortality from cardiovascular diseases; levels and trends in risk factors for cardiovascular diseases; disparities in cardiovascular diseases by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geography; trends in cardiovascular disease preventive and treatment services; and strategies for efforts to reduce cardiovascular diseases overall and to reduce disparities among subpopulations. The conference concluded that coronary heart disease mortality is still declining in the United States as a whole, although perhaps at a slower rate than in the 1980s; that stroke mortality rates have declined little, if at all, since 1990; and that there are striking differences in cardiovascular death rates by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geography. Trends in risk factors are consistent with a slowing of the decline in mortality; there has been little recent progress in risk factors such as smoking, physical inactivity, and hypertension control. There are increasing levels of obesity and type 2 diabetes, with major differences among subpopulations. There is considerable activity in population-wide prevention, primary prevention for higher risk people, and secondary prevention, but wide disparities exist among groups on the basis of socioeconomic status and geography, pointing to major gaps in efforts to use available, proven approaches to control cardiovascular diseases. Recommendations for strategies to attain the year 2010 health objectives were made. C1 NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. NIA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NINDS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Cornell Univ, New York, NY USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Chicago, IL USA. Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. RP Friedman, L (reprint author), NHLBI, NIH, 31 Ctr Dr,MSC 2482, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 77 TC 490 Z9 499 U1 12 U2 45 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD DEC 19 PY 2000 VL 102 IS 25 BP 3137 EP 3147 PG 11 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 384EU UT WOS:000165930500027 PM 11120707 ER PT J AU Dietz, WH AF Dietz, WH TI "Adiposity rebound": reality or epiphenomenon? SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHILDREN; AGE; ADULTHOOD; PATTERNS; OBESITY; GROWTH; BMI C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dietz, WH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 15 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 16 PY 2000 VL 356 IS 9247 BP 2027 EP 2028 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03396-1 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 385GB UT WOS:000165994300005 PM 11145485 ER PT J AU Xu, FJ Schillinger, JA Markowitz, LE Sternberg, MR Aubin, MR Louis, MES AF Xu, FJ Schillinger, JA Markowitz, LE Sternberg, MR Aubin, MR Louis, MES TI Repeat Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women: Analysis through a surveillance case registry in Washington State, 1993-1998 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adolescence; Chlamydia trachomatis; infections; population surveillance; registries; sexually transmitted diseases ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; FEMALE ADOLESCENTS; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; GENITAL-INFECTION; URINE SPECIMENS; THERAPY; RISK; AMPLIFICATION; DOXYCYCLINE AB Repeat infections with Chlamydia trachomatis are associated with increased risk for long-term sequelae. The authors analyzed the frequency and predictors of repeat chlamydial infection by using a population-based chlamydia registry in Washington State and evaluated whether women would seek care at the same clinic for repeat infections. Among 32,698 women with an appropriately treated initial chlamydial infection during 1993-1998, 15% developed one or more repeat infections during a mean follow-up time of 3.4 years. Among women less than age 20 years at the time of initial infection, 6% were reinfected by 6 months, 11% by 1 year, and 17% by 2 years. Young age was the strongest predictor for one and two or more repeat infections after controlling for the length of follow-up and other variables. Only 36% of the repeat infections were diagnosed at the same clinical setting as the initial infection, and 50% were diagnosed at the same type of clinic. Adolescent girls had the least consistency in the source of care for chlamydia. This study suggests that efforts to prevent repeat chlamydial infection in young women remain an urgent public health priority and that the burden of repeat infection may be substantially higher than estimates from clinic-based studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, STD TB Serv, Olympia, WA USA. RP Louis, MES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat Serv, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 152 IS 12 BP 1164 EP 1170 DI 10.1093/aje/152.12.1164 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 382YD UT WOS:000165854200009 PM 11130622 ER PT J AU Doebbeling, BN Clarke, WR Watson, D Torner, JC Woolson, RF Voelker, MD Barrett, DH Schwartz, DA AF Doebbeling, BN Clarke, WR Watson, D Torner, JC Woolson, RF Voelker, MD Barrett, DH Schwartz, DA TI Will we solve the Gulf War syndrome puzzle by population surveys or clinical research? Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; VETERANS; COUNTERPOINT; PREVALENCE; SYMPTOMS C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Biostat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Psychol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Div Pulm Med, Durham, NC USA. RP Doebbeling, BN (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RI Doebbeling, Bradley/C-6620-2009; Watson, David/D-8129-2011 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 109 IS 9 BP 745 EP 748 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 387LY UT WOS:000166125100012 ER PT J AU Ouellet, LJ Thorpe, LE Hue, DZ Bailey, SL Jimenez, AD Johnson, WA Rahimian, A Monterroso, E AF Ouellet, LJ Thorpe, LE Hue, DZ Bailey, SL Jimenez, AD Johnson, WA Rahimian, A Monterroso, E TI Prevalence and incidence of HIV among out-of-treatment injecting drug users, Chicago 1994-1996 SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE adult; Chicago/epidemiology; female; human; HIV seropositivity/epidemiology; incidence; male; prevalence studies; risk factors; substance abuse; intravenous/complications ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEW-YORK-CITY; ENTERING METHADONE TREATMENT; AIDS RISK BEHAVIORS; OUTREACH PROGRAM; NATIONAL SAMPLE; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; SEROPREVALENCE; POPULATIONS AB Objectives: To assess HIV prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors among IDUs in Chicago, Methods: Seven hundred ninety-four street-recruited IDUs ranging in age from 18 to 50 years, who were not in drug treatment at study enrollment, were interviewed and tested for HIV at baseline and at two follow-ups scheduled 6 and 12 months after baseline. Questionnaires assessed respondents' demographic characteristics, medical and drug treatment histories, drug use, and sexual practices. Results: HIV seroprevalence at baseline was 18%. Logistic regression identified the following determinants of prevalent HIV infection: Puerto Rican ethnicity, homosexual or bisexual self-identification, injecting for 4 or more years, and having smoked crack cocaine in the past 6 months. Follow-up data were collected from 584 (73.6%) participants. Mean duration of follow-up was 16.5 months, indicating that most subjects had follow-up intervals longer than the scheduled 6 and 12 months, Seven HIV seroconversions were observed in 632 person years of risk, yielding an incidence rate of 1.1 per 100 person years of risk. Injection for 3 or less years was positively associated with HIV seroconversion. Conclusions: The findings provide evidence of a decline in HIV incidence among IDUs, though newer injectors remain at elevated risk for infection. C1 Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ouellet, LJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, 2121 W Taylor, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU509678-01] NR 55 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 25 IS 5 BP 443 EP 450 DI 10.1097/00126334-200012150-00010 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 385RG UT WOS:000166017000008 PM 11141244 ER PT J AU Valdiserri, RO Janssen, RS Buehler, JW Fleming, PL AF Valdiserri, RO Janssen, RS Buehler, JW Fleming, PL TI The context of HIV/AIDS surveillance SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV surveillance; HIV testing; HIV reporting; test-seeking; confidentiality ID HIV-PREVENTION; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; TRENDS; CARE; AIDS; NAME AB HIV surveillance and diagnostic testing for HIV infection share elements in common, yet differ notably in context. Clinical testing provides vital information for individual medical and behavioral decisions, whereas surveillance, which focuses on populations, provides information to develop policy, direct resources, and plan services. HIV/AIDS surveillance has evolved over the course of the epidemic, reflecting changes in scientific knowledge, populations affected, and information needs. Likewise, the benefits of early diagnosis of HIV have become increasingly apparent with advances in HIV treatment. This article examines the changing context of HIV/AIDS surveillance and discusses the potential impact of HIV surveillance practices and policies on HIV testing behaviors. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of protecting the confidentiality of HIV/AIDS surveillance data and on the role of health department in monitoring the impact of surveillance policies on test-seeking patterns and behaviors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Valdiserri, RO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd E07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 48 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 25 SU 2 BP S97 EP S104 DI 10.1097/00126334-200012152-00003 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 386TN UT WOS:000166077800003 PM 11256740 ER PT J AU Krebs, JW Rupprecht, CE Childs, JE AF Krebs, JW Rupprecht, CE Childs, JE TI Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1999 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RACCOON RABIES; VACCINATION PROGRAM; ORAL VACCINATION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; VIRUS; COYOTES; EXPOSURES; WILDLIFE; EFFICACY; ANIMALS AB During 1999, 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported 7,067 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a decrease of 11.2% from 7,961 cases in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being reported in 1998. More than 91% (6.466 cases) were in wild animals, whereas 8.5% (601 cases) were in domestic species (compared with 92.4% in wild animals and 7.6% in domestic species in 1998). No cases of rabies were reported in human beings in 1999. Decreases were evident in all major species groups, with the exception of cattle, sheep/goats, and swine. The relative contributions of the major groups to the total reported were-as follows: raccoons (41.0%; 2,872 cases), skunks (29.4%; 2,076), bats (14.0%; 989), foxes (5.4%; 384), cats (3.9%; 278), cattle (1.9%; 135), and dogs (1.6%; 111). Reported cases (6) associated with the epizootic of rabies in raccoons in Ohio declined from the 26 cases reported in 1998. Fifteen of the 19 states where the raccoon variant of the rabies virus is enzootic reported fewer cases of rabies during 1999, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, states with enzootic rabies in raccoons, each reported more rabid skunks than rabid raccoons for the third consecutive year. In Texas, cases associated with the enzootic canine variants of the rabies virus remained low (10 cases), whereas cases associated with the gray fox variant of the virus increased (66). Cases of rabies in skunks decreased by 8.6%, compared with those reported in 1998, Michigan reported the largest percentage increase in rabid skunks (950.0%; 2 cases in 1998 to 21 in 1999). Cases of rabies in horses and mules declined 21%, from 82 cases in 1998 to 65 in 1999. Cases of rabies reported in bats (989) were similar in number to those reported in 1998 (992) and represented almost 14.0% of the total number of rabid animals reported during 1999. Reported cases of rabies in cats (278) and dogs (111) decreased by 1.4% and 1.8%, respectively, whereas cases in cattle (135) increased by 16.4%, compared with those reported in 1998. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Krebs, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 217 IS 12 BP 1799 EP 1811 DI 10.2460/javma.2000.217.1799 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 382QC UT WOS:000165832900025 PM 11132881 ER PT J AU Marano, NN Rossiter, S Stamey, K Joyce, K Barrett, TJ Tollefson, LK Angulo, FJ AF Marano, NN Rossiter, S Stamey, K Joyce, K Barrett, TJ Tollefson, LK Angulo, FJ TI The National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) for enteric bacteria, 1996-1999: surveillance for action SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Public Health in the New Millennium held during the 137th American-Veterinary-Medical-Association Annual Convention CY JUN 23, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Amer Vet Med Assoc C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Off Surveillance & Compliance, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. RP Marano, NN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, MS C-O9,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 217 IS 12 BP 1829 EP 1830 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 382QC UT WOS:000165832900030 PM 11132885 ER PT J AU Kermani, F Flint, MS Hotchkiss, SAM AF Kermani, F Flint, MS Hotchkiss, SAM TI Induction and localization of cutaneous interleukin-1 beta mRNA during contact sensitization SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IL-1 beta mRNA; IL-1 beta protein; contact sensitization; in situ hybridization ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; EPIDERMAL LANGERHANS CELLS; HUMAN DERMAL FIBROBLASTS; DENDRITIC CELLS; MESSENGER-RNA; CHEMICAL ALLERGENS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; GENE-EXPRESSION; HUMAN SKIN AB Chemical allergens that induce contact sensitivity cause changes in levels of epidermal cytokines, In mice one of the earliest epidermal cytokines to be upregulated following sensitization is interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), The present study investigated the kinetics and in situ localization of induced IL-1 beta expression in mouse skin following topical exposure to the contact allergen oxazolone. Mice were exposed topically to 1% oxazolone, with control mice exposed to vehicle (acetone:olive oil 4:1) alone, and at various times thereafter skin was excised for IL-1 beta mRNA and protein determination by in situ hybridization and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), respectively. IL-1 beta mRNA was found to be expressed constitutively at low levels in skin from naive (untreated) and vehicle-treated mice, with mRNA localized in some hair follicles and sebaceous glands; no IL-1 beta mRNA was detected in the epidermis of control animals. Following topical exposure of mice to oxazolone for 5-15 min, upregulation of IL-1 beta mRNA was observed in the epidermis, dermis, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands; at 90 min and beyond the pattern of IL-1 beta mRNA expression declined toward control. Analysis of whole skin homogenates by ELISA demonstrated cutaneous IL-1 beta protein to be present constitutively in both vehicle-treated and naive mice. Following exposure to oxazolone, cutaneous IL-1 beta protein expression was elevated at 30 min, decreased at 1 h, and fell below the limit of detection of the assay at 2 h before returning to constitutive levels at 4 and 24 h. IL-1 beta protein levels in vehicle-treated mice, naive mice, and mice treated with the respiratory allergen trimellitic anhydride were unchanged over this time period. The present study demonstrated that IL-1 beta mRNA expression was upregulated rapidly and transiently in well-defined regions of mouse epidermis and dermis during contact sensitization, and was succeeded by an elevation in IL-1 beta protein. This early highly localized upregulation of IL-1 beta lends further support to the hypothesis that this cytokine plays a key role in the initial stages of skin sensitization. Such information will enhance our understanding of the molecular processes involved in allergic contact dermatitis and may provide a mechanistic basis for designing refined animal and in vitro alternatives to existing models of skin sensitization, (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Kermani, F (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Sir Alexander Fleming Bldg, London SW7 2AZ, England. OI Flint, Melanie/0000-0001-5311-3023 NR 43 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 169 IS 3 BP 231 EP 237 DI 10.1006/taap.2000.9058 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 392CR UT WOS:000166393500003 PM 11133345 ER PT J AU Reese, S Owen, P Bender, B Potts, G Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelman, F Bullo, I Hoecherl, S Martin, L Reyes-Salvail, F Aydelotte, J Steiner, B Stemnock, L Davila, J Hunt, C Sparks, T Bates, B Maines, D Weinstein, A Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Johnson, D Jackson-Thompson, J Feigley, P Andelt, L DeJan, E Powers, L Boeselager, G Honey, W Baker, C Gizlice, Z Shireley, L Pullen, P Baker, K Pickle, K Mann, L Cintron, Y Hesser, J Wu, M Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Condon, K Marti, K Roe, C Carswell, K Simmons, KW King, F Pearson, K Futa, M AF Reese, S Owen, P Bender, B Potts, G Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelman, F Bullo, I Hoecherl, S Martin, L Reyes-Salvail, F Aydelotte, J Steiner, B Stemnock, L Davila, J Hunt, C Sparks, T Bates, B Maines, D Weinstein, A Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Johnson, D Jackson-Thompson, J Feigley, P Andelt, L DeJan, E Powers, L Boeselager, G Honey, W Baker, C Gizlice, Z Shireley, L Pullen, P Baker, K Pickle, K Mann, L Cintron, Y Hesser, J Wu, M Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Condon, K Marti, K Roe, C Carswell, K Simmons, KW King, F Pearson, K Futa, M TI State-specific prevalence of current cigarette smoking among adults and the proportion of adults who work in a smoke-free environment - United States, 1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 978-982, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reese, S (reprint author), CDC, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI McGee, Hannah/D-6480-2012 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 13 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 22 BP 2865 EP 2866 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 380RJ UT WOS:000165717000010 ER PT J AU Izurieta, HS Venczel, L Carrasco, P Tambini, G Castillo, C Landaverde, M Brana, M de Quadros, CA Garib, Z Pedreira, C Quiroga, R Barrezueta, O Desormeaux, AM Laender, F Dobbins, J Andre, J Luna, E Brondi, L Quixada, MC Parise, S Segatto, C Prevots, R Micelli, I Vilosio, J Dietz, V AF Izurieta, HS Venczel, L Carrasco, P Tambini, G Castillo, C Landaverde, M Brana, M de Quadros, CA Garib, Z Pedreira, C Quiroga, R Barrezueta, O Desormeaux, AM Laender, F Dobbins, J Andre, J Luna, E Brondi, L Quixada, MC Parise, S Segatto, C Prevots, R Micelli, I Vilosio, J Dietz, V TI Progress toward interrupting indigenous measles transmission - Region of the Americas, January 1999 September 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 986-990, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Pan Amer Hlth Org, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Minist Hlth, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Minist Hlth, La Paz, Bolivia. Pan Amer Hlth Org, La Paz, Bolivia. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Port Au Prince, Haiti. Minist Hlth, Port Au Prince, Haiti. Minist Hlth, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Minist Hlth, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Fdn Oswaldo Cruz, Natl Reference Ctr Measles, Dept Virol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. CDC, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Global Measles Branch, Vaccine Preventable Dis Eradicat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Luna, Expedito/B-7948-2012 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 13 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 22 BP 2867 EP 2868 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 380RJ UT WOS:000165717000011 ER PT J AU Talbot, EA Moore, M McCray, E Binkin, NJ AF Talbot, EA Moore, M McCray, E Binkin, NJ TI Tuberculosis among foreign-born persons in the United States, 1993-1998 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID IMMIGRANTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; REFUGEES; CHILDREN; COUNTY AB Context Immigration is a major force sustaining the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the United States. Objective To describe trends and characteristics of foreign-born persons with TB and the implications for TB program planning and policy development. Design, setting, and subjects Descriptive analysis of US TB surveillance data from case reports submitted from 1993 to 1998. Main Outcome Measure Demographic and clinical characteristics of foreign-born persons with TB, Results The number of TB cases among foreign-born persons increased 2.6%, from 7402 in 1993 to 7591 in 1998, and the proportion of US cases that were foreign-born increased from 29.8% to 41.6%. During 1993-1998, the TB case rate was 32.9 per 100 000 population in foreign-born persons compared with 5.8 per 100 000 in US-born persons. Six states reported 73.4% of foreign-born cases (California, New York, Texas, Florida, New Jersey, and illinois). Approximately two thirds of these cases were originally from Mexico, the Philippines, Vietnam, India, China, Haiti, and South Korea. Among those for whom date of US entry was known, 51.5% arrived 5 years or less prior to the diagnosis of TB. Most were male and aged 25 to 44 years. During 1993-1996, the proportion receiving some portion of treatment under directly observed therapy increased from 27.3% to 59.1% and approximately 70% completed therapy in 12 months. The rate of primary resistance to isoniazid was 11.6% and to both isoniazid and rifampin was 1.7%. Conclusions As the United States moves toward the goal of TB elimination, success will depend increasingly on reducing the impact of TB in foreign-born persons. Continued efforts to tailor local TB control strategies to the foreign-born community and commitment to the global TB battle are essential. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Moore, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mail Stop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 123 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 13 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 22 BP 2894 EP 2900 DI 10.1001/jama.284.22.2894 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 380RJ UT WOS:000165717000029 PM 11147986 ER PT J AU Anderson, LJ AF Anderson, LJ TI Respiratory syncytial virus vaccines for otitis media SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Otitis Media a Preventable Disease CY FEB 13-16, 2000 CL MERIEUX FDN, ANNECY LE VIEUX, FRANCE SP Marcel Merieux Fdn HO MERIEUX FDN DE respiratory syncytial virus; otitis media; vaccines ID PULMONARY INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PURIFIED FUSION PROTEIN; ATTACHMENT G-PROTEIN; RSV F-PROTEIN; BALB/C MICE; SUBUNIT VACCINE; MIDDLE-EAR; BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA; VIRAL-INFECTION AB RSV is a high priority for Vaccine development because of its propensity to cause pneumonia and bronchiolitis in the infant and young child. Since RSV infection is likely to be a substantial contributor to otitis media, a vaccine could also decrease rates of this disease. No vaccine has yet been developed but it is hoped that the availability of an RSV infectious clone will make it possible to develop a live virus vaccine for the infant and young child. Subunit RSV vaccines are being developed for previously infected persons, i.e. in older children at high risk for RSV disease and the elderly. An effective RSV vaccine for the infant and young child could markedly decrease otitis media disease. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Anderson, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop A34,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 8 PY 2000 VL 19 SU 1 BP S59 EP S65 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(00)00280-2 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 386KL UT WOS:000166060500011 PM 11163465 ER PT J AU Peterson, HB Jeng, G Folger, SG Hillis, SA Marchbanks, PA Wilcox, LS AF Peterson, HB Jeng, G Folger, SG Hillis, SA Marchbanks, PA Wilcox, LS CA US Collaborative Rev Sterlization TI The risk of menstrual abnormalities after tubal sterilization SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; HYSTERECTOMY; PREGNANCY AB Background: The existence of a post-tubal-ligation syndrome of menstrual abnormalities has been debated for decades. We used data from the U.S. Collaborative Review of Sterilization to determine whether the likelihood of persistent menstrual abnormalities was greater among women who had undergone tubal sterilization than among women who had not. Methods: A total of 9514 women who underwent tubal sterilization and 573 women whose partners underwent vasectomy were followed in a multicenter, prospective cohort study for up to five years by means of annual telephone interviews. All women were asked the same questions about six characteristics of their menstrual cycles in the presterilization and follow-up interviews. Multiple logistic-regression analysis was used to assess the risk of persistent menstrual changes. Results: The women who had undergone sterilization were no more likely than those who had not undergone the procedure to report persistent changes in intermenstrual bleeding or the length of the menstrual cycle. They were more likely to have decreases in the number of days of bleeding (odds ratio, 2.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 5.2), the amount of bleeding (odds ratio, 1.5; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.0), and menstrual pain (odds ratio, 1.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.0 to 1.8) and to have an increase in cycle irregularity (odds ratio, 1.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.3). Among women who had had very heavy bleeding at base line, women who had undergone sterilization were more likely than women who had not undergone the procedure to report decreased bleeding (45 percent vs. 33 percent, P=0.03). Conclusions: Women who have undergone tubal sterilization are no more likely than other women to have menstrual abnormalities. (N Engl J Med 2000;343:1681-7.) (C) 2000, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Peterson, HB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-34,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [3-Y02-HD41075-10] NR 16 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 7 PY 2000 VL 343 IS 23 BP 1681 EP 1687 DI 10.1056/NEJM200012073432303 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 380PX UT WOS:000165711900003 PM 11106717 ER PT J AU Hay, A Gust, I Hampson, A Tashiro, M Burgoon, C Gaglani, M Haught, D Dobin, L Berkman, D Pascoe, N Morgan, J Patterson, MA Romnes, D Bergmire-Sweat, D AF Hay, A Gust, I Hampson, A Tashiro, M Burgoon, C Gaglani, M Haught, D Dobin, L Berkman, D Pascoe, N Morgan, J Patterson, MA Romnes, D Bergmire-Sweat, D CA WHO CDC TI Influenza activity - United States and worldwide, April-October 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 1006-1008, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 WHO, Natl Influenza Ctr Communicable Dis Surveillance, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Natl Inst Med Res, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, London NW7 1AA, England. WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Parkville, Vic, Australia. Natl Inst Infect Dis, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Tokyo, Japan. Waco McLennan Cty Hlth Dept, Waco, TX USA. Scott & White Mem Hosp, Temple, TX 76508 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Austin, TX USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. CDC, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Influenza Br,Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hay, A (reprint author), WHO, Natl Influenza Ctr Communicable Dis Surveillance, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 6 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 21 BP 2712 EP 2714 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 377JB UT WOS:000165509500009 ER PT J AU Sawaya, GF Kerlikowske, K Gildengorin, G AF Sawaya, GF Kerlikowske, K Gildengorin, G CA CDC TI Incidence of pap test abnormalities within 3 years of a normal pap test - United States, 1991-1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 1001-1003, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sawaya, GF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 6 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 21 BP 2714 EP 2715 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 377JB UT WOS:000165509500010 ER PT J AU Cooper, D Souther, L Hanlon, D Fischer, P Leiker, R Tsongas, T Harter, L Comeau, C AF Cooper, D Souther, L Hanlon, D Fischer, P Leiker, R Tsongas, T Harter, L Comeau, C TI Public health consequences among first responders to emergency events associated with illicit methamphetamine laboratories selected states, 1996-1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 1021-1024, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. Missouri Dept Hlth, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR 97214 USA. Washington Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cooper, D (reprint author), Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 6 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 21 BP 2715 EP 2716 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 377JB UT WOS:000165509500011 ER PT J AU Wassell, JT Gardner, LI Landsittel, DP Johnston, JJ Johnston, JM AF Wassell, JT Gardner, LI Landsittel, DP Johnston, JJ Johnston, JM TI A prospective study of back belts for prevention of back pain and injury SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Context Despite scientific uncertainties about effectiveness, wearing back belts in the hopes of preventing costly and disabling low back injury in employees is becoming common in the workplace. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of using back belts in reducing back injury claims and low back pain. Design and Setting Prospective cohort study. from April 1996 through April 1998, we identified material-handing employees in 160 new retail merchandise stores (89 required back belt use; 71 had voluntary back belt use) in 30 states (from New Hampshire to Michigan in the north and from Florida to Texas in the south); data collection ended December 1998, median follow-up was 6 1/2 months. Participants A referred sample of 13 873 material handling employees provided 9377 baseline interviews and 6311 (67%) follow-up interviews; 206 (1.4%) refused baseline interview. Main Outcome Measurer Incidence rate of material-handling back injury workers' compensation claims and 6-month incidence rate of self-reported low back pain. Results Neither frequent back belt use nor a belt-requirement store policy was significantly associated with back injury claim rates or self-reported back pain. Rate ratios comparing back injury claims of those who reported wearing back belts usually every day and once or twice a week vs those who reported wearing belts never or once or twice a month were 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87-1.70) and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.56-1.59), respectively. The respective odds ratios for low back pain incidence were 0.97 (95% CI, 0.83-1.13) and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.73-1.16). Conclusions In the largest prospective cohort study of back belt use, adjusted for multiple individual risk factors, neither frequent back belt use nor a store policy that required belt use was associated with reduced incidence of back injury claims or low back pain. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Safety Res, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Wassell, JT (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Safety Res, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 13 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 6 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 21 BP 2727 EP 2732 DI 10.1001/jama.284.21.2727 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 377JB UT WOS:000165509500026 PM 11105177 ER PT J AU Danovaro-Holliday, MC LeBaron, CW Allensworth, C Raymond, R Borden, TG Murray, AB Ieenogle, JP Reef, SE AF Danovaro-Holliday, MC LeBaron, CW Allensworth, C Raymond, R Borden, TG Murray, AB Ieenogle, JP Reef, SE TI A large rubella outbreak with spread from the workplace to the community SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VACCINATION LEVELS; UNITED-STATES; SYNDROME CRS; CHILDREN; PRESCHOOL; PROGRAM AB Context Childhood vaccination has reduced rubella disease to low levels in the United States, but outbreaks continue to occur. The largest outbreak in the past 5 years occurred in Nebraska in 1999. Objectives To examine risk factors for disease, susceptibility of the risk population, role of vaccine failure, and the need for new vaccination strategies in response to the Nebraska rubella outbreak. Design, Setting, and Patients Investigation of 83 confirmed rubella cases occurring in Douglas County, Nebraska, between March 23 and August. 24, 1999; serosurvey of 413 pregnant women in the outbreak locale between October 1998 and March 1999 (prior to outbreak) and April and November 1999 (during and after outbreak). Main Outcome Measures Case characteristics, compared with that of the general county population; area childhood rubella vaccination rates; and susceptibility among pregnant women before vs during and after the outbreak. Results All 83 rubella cases were unvaccinated or had unknown vaccination status and fell into 3 groups: (1) 52 (63%) were young adults (median age, 26 years), 83% of whom were born in Latin American countries where rubella vaccination was not routine. They were either employed in meatpacking plants or were their household contacts. Attack rates in the plants were high (14.4 per 1000 vs 0.19 per 1000 for general county population); (2) 16 (19%), including 14 children (9 of whom were aged <12 months) and 2 parents, were US-born and non-Hispanic, who acquired the disease through contacts at 2 day care facilities (attack rate, 88.1 per 1000); and (3) 15 (18%) were young adults (median age, 22 years) whose major disease risk was residence in population-dense census tracts where meatpacking-related cases resided (R-2=0.343; P<.001); 87% of these persons were born in Latin America. Among pregnant women, susceptibility rates were 13% before the outbreak and 11% during and after the outbreak. Six (25%) of 24 susceptible women tested were seropositive for rubella IgM. Rubella vaccination rates were 90.2% for preschool children and 99.8% for school-aged children. Conclusions A large rubella outbreak occurred among unvaccinated persons in a community with high immunity levels. Crowded working and living conditions facilitated transmission, but vaccine failure did not. Workplace vaccination could be considered to prevent similar outbreaks. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Douglas Cty Hlth Dept, Omaha, NE USA. Nebraska Hlth & Human Serv Syst, Lincoln, NE USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Danovaro-Holliday, MC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 6 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 21 BP 2733 EP 2739 DI 10.1001/jama.284.21.2733 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 377JB UT WOS:000165509500027 PM 11105178 ER PT J AU Kester, KE Visvesara, GS McEvoy, P AF Kester, KE Visvesara, GS McEvoy, P TI Organism responsible for nodular cutaneous microsporidiosis in a patient with AIDS SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Kester, KE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011 OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802 NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 EI 1539-3704 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD DEC 5 PY 2000 VL 133 IS 11 BP 925 EP 925 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 378LL UT WOS:000165585800019 PM 11103074 ER PT J AU Childs, JE Curns, AT Dey, ME Real, LA Feinstein, L Bjornstad, ON Krebs, JW AF Childs, JE Curns, AT Dey, ME Real, LA Feinstein, L Bjornstad, ON Krebs, JW TI Predicting the local dynamics of epizootic rabies among raccoons in the United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PROCYON-LOTOR; SURVEILLANCE; ANTIBODY; VIRUS AB Mathematical models have been developed to explore the population dynamics of viral diseases among wildlife. However, assessing the predictions stemming from these models with wildlife databases adequate in size and temporal duration is uncommon. An epizootic of raccoon rabies that began in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States in the late 1970s has developed into one of the largest and most extensive in the history of wildlife rabies. We analyzed the dynamics of local epizootics at the county level by examining a database spanning more than 20 years and including 35,387 rabid raccoons, The size, number, and periodicity of rabies epizootics among raccoons were compared with predictions derived from a susceptible, exposed, infectious, and recovered model of raccoon rabies [Coyne, J., Smith, G. & McAllister, F. E. (1989) Am. J. Vet, Res, 50, 2148-2154]. After our methods for defining epizootics were applied to solutions of the model, the time series revealed recurrent epizootics in some counties, with a median first epizootic period of 48 months. Successive epizootics declined in size and the epizootic period progressively decreased. Our reanalysis of the model predicted the initial-epizootic period of 4-5 years, with a progressive dampening of epizootic size and progressive decrease in epizootic period. The best quantitative agreement between data and model assumed low levels of immunity (1-5%) within raccoon populations, suggesting that raccoons develop little or no rabies immune class. These results encourage the use of data obtained through wildlife surveillance in assessing and refining epidemic models for wildlife diseases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Ecol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. RP Childs, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd MSG13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012; Bjornstad, Ottar/I-4518-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI047498, R01 AI47498-01] NR 24 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 13 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 5 PY 2000 VL 97 IS 25 BP 13666 EP 13671 DI 10.1073/pnas.240326697 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 380XH UT WOS:000165728800040 PM 11069300 ER PT J AU Villinger, F Switzer, WM Parekh, BS Otten, RA Adams, D Shanmugam, V Bostik, P Mayne, AE Chikkala, NF McClure, HM Novembre, F Yao, QZ Heneine, W Folks, TM Ansari, AA AF Villinger, F Switzer, WM Parekh, BS Otten, RA Adams, D Shanmugam, V Bostik, P Mayne, AE Chikkala, NF McClure, HM Novembre, F Yao, QZ Heneine, W Folks, TM Ansari, AA TI Induction of long-term protective effects against heterologous challenge in SIVhu-infected macaques SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; RHESUS MACAQUES; ATTENUATED SIV; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; VAGINAL CHALLENGE; MOLECULAR CLONES; NEF GENE; IN-VITRO; LIVE; VACCINE AB A group of three rhesus macaques were inoculated with SIV isolated from a human (SIVhu) accidentally exposed and infected with SIVsm. Extensive sequence analyses of SIVhu obtained from the human and macaques following infection indicated the presence of truncated nef. Not only did nei fail to repair itself in vivo postinfection (p.i.), but instead, further mutations added additional stop codons with increasing time p.i. Infection of these animals was associated with minimal acute viral replication, followed by undetectable plasma viral loads and only intermittent PCR detection up to 5 years p.i. The three SIVhu infected and three control monkeys were then challenged with the heterologous highly pathogenic SHIV89.6p. All three controls became infected and showed rapid declines in peripheral CD4(+) lymphocytes, disease, and death at 10 and 32 weeks p.i., respectively. In contrast, all three animals previously infected with SIVhu are healthy and exhibit stable CD4(+) lymphocyte levels and undetectable plasma viral loads at >20 months post-SHIV89.6p challenge. Only transient, low levels of SHIV replication were noted in these animals. Whereas responses to SIVgag/pol were noted, no evidence for SIV/SHIV envelope cross-reactivity was detected by antibody or CTL analyses, suggesting that the protective immune mechanisms to the heterologous challenge isolate were most likely not directed to envelope but rather to other viral determinants. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Microbiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Villinger, F (reprint author), Winship Canc Inst, Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [DRR16500165]; NIAID NIH HHS [1R01AI27057] NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD DEC 5 PY 2000 VL 278 IS 1 BP 194 EP 206 DI 10.1006/viro.2000.0651 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 383QU UT WOS:000165894500021 PM 11112494 ER PT J AU Naik, RS Branch, OH Woods, AS Vijaykumar, M Perkins, DJ Nahlen, BL Lal, AA Cotter, RJ Costello, CE Ockenhouse, CF Davidson, EA Gowda, DC AF Naik, RS Branch, OH Woods, AS Vijaykumar, M Perkins, DJ Nahlen, BL Lal, AA Cotter, RJ Costello, CE Ockenhouse, CF Davidson, EA Gowda, DC TI Glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors of Plasmodium falciparum: Molecular characterization and naturally elicited antibody response that may provide immunity to malaria pathogenesis SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE malaria parasite; cytokine response; antigenicity; acquired immunity; pathogenesis ID MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; MEMBRANE ANCHOR; ERYTHROCYTIC STAGES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CEREBRAL MALARIA; PARASITE; MULTISTAGE; VACCINE; TOXIN AB Induction of proinflammatory cytokine responses by glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) of intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum is believed to contribute to malaria pathogenesis. In this study, we purified the GPIs of P. falciparum to homogeneity and determined their structures by biochemical degradations and mass spectrometry. The parasite GPIs differ from those of the host in that they contain palmitic (major) and myristic (minor) acids at C-2 of inositol, predominantly C18:0 and C18:1 at sn-1 and sn-2, respectively, and do not contain additional phosphoethanolamine substitution in their core glycan structures. The purified parasite GPIs can induce tumor necrosis factor a release from macrophages. We also report a new finding that adults who have resistance to clinical malaria contain high levels of persistent anti-GPI antibodies, whereas susceptible children lack or have low levels of short-lived antibody response. Individuals who were not exposed to the malaria parasite completely lack anti-GPI antibodies. Absence of a persistent anti-GPI antibody response correlated with malaria-specific anemia and fever, suggesting that anti-GPI antibodies provide protection against clinical malaria. The antibodies are mainly directed against the acylated phosphoinositol portion of GPIs. These results are likely to be valuable in studies aimed at the evaluation of chemically defined structures for toxicity versus immunogenicity with implications for the development of GPI-based therapies or vaccines. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Mol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Kenya Med Res Inst, Vector Biol & Control Ctr, Kisiumu, Kenya. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Mass Spectrometry Resource, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Gowda, DC (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 3900 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR010888, P41-RR10888]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI41139, R01 AI041139] NR 45 TC 163 Z9 170 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD DEC 4 PY 2000 VL 192 IS 11 BP 1563 EP 1575 DI 10.1084/jem.192.11.1563 PG 13 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 382QE UT WOS:000165833100006 PM 11104799 ER PT J AU Hungerford, DW Pollock, DA Todd, KH AF Hungerford, DW Pollock, DA Todd, KH TI Acceptability of emergency department-based screening and brief intervention for alcohol problems SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY NOV 15-19, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc DE emergency service, hospital; alcoholism; mass screening; preventive health services; referral and consultation; alcohol drinking ID IDENTIFICATION TEST AUDIT; PROBLEM DRINKING; PRIMARY-CARE; INSTRUMENTS; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIORS; DRINKERS; ROOM; DEPENDENCE; POPULATION AB Objectives: To adapt screening and brief intervention for alcohol problems (SBI) to a high-volume emergency department (ED) setting and evaluate its acceptability to patients. Methods: Patients at a large public-hospital ED were screened with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Screen-positive drinkers (AUDIT score greater than or equal to 6) were provided brief, on-site counseling and referral as needed. Three months later, project staff blinded to baseline measures reassessed alcohol intake, alcohol-related harm, alcohol dependence symptoms, and readiness to change. Results: Of 1,034 patients approached, 78.3% (810) consented to participate (95% CI = 75.5% to 81.2%), and 21.2% (172) screened positive (95% CI = 18.4% to 24.0%). Of 88 patients with complete intervention data, 94.3% (83) accepted an intervention (95% CI = 89.5% to 99.2%), with acceptance rates ranging from 93% to 100% across four alcohol-problem-severity levels (p = 0.7). A majority (59.0%) set goals to decrease or stop drinking (95% CI = 48.4% to 69.6%). The group recontacted (n = 23) experienced statistically significant decreases in alcohol intake, alcohol-related harm, and dependence symptoms, with measures decreasing for 68%, 52%, and 61% of the patients. Readiness to change also showed statistically significant improvement, with scores increasing for 43% of the patients. Moreover, two-thirds of the patients (15/23) reported at follow-up that SBI was a helpful part of their ED visit. Conclusions: High rates of consent and acceptance of counseling for alcohol problems by patients across a wide range of problem severity indicate that this protocol was acceptable to at-risk patients in a public-hospital ED. Improvements in alcohol-related outcome measures at follow-up were strong enough to warrant controlled studies of intervention efficacy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hungerford, DW (reprint author), DACRRDP, NCIPS, MS F-41,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 27 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 3 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 7 IS 12 BP 1383 EP 1392 DI 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2000.tb00496.x PG 10 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 384XH UT WOS:000165972200008 PM 11099429 ER PT J AU Kilmarx, PH Supawitkul, S Wankrairoj, M Uthaivoravit, W Limpakarnjanarat, K Saisorn, S Mastro, TD AF Kilmarx, PH Supawitkul, S Wankrairoj, M Uthaivoravit, W Limpakarnjanarat, K Saisorn, S Mastro, TD TI Explosive spread and effective control of human immunodeficiency virus in northernmost Thailand: the epidemic in Chiang Rai province, 1988-99 SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE Thailand; HIV-1; AIDS; epidemiology; prevention; female sex workers; condoms; sexually transmitted diseases; tuberculosis; socio-economic effect ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; FEMALE SEX WORKERS; INFECTED PERSONS; AIDS EPIDEMIC; YOUNG MEN; SUBTYPE-E; HIV-1; TUBERCULOSIS; WOMEN; PREVALENCE AB The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) epidemic began in Asia later than most in other regions but then spread very rapidly. Upper northern Thailand was severely affected, with among the highest infection rates in Asia. The first 12 years of the HIV epidemic in Chiang Pal, Thailand's northernmost province are described. HIV infection was not reported in Chiang Rai until 1988 but, within a few years more than half of the brothel-based female sex workers and one in six of 21-year-old male Royal Thai Army conscripts from the province were HIV infected. Infection rates in Chiang Rai have since declined following an aggressive prevention campaign, but the number of AIDS cases continues to mount, along with profound demographic, social and economic effects. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Chiang Rai Prov Hlth Off, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Chiang Rai Hosp, Chiang Rai, Thailand. RP Kilmarx, PH (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. NR 40 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 17 BP 2731 EP 2740 DI 10.1097/00002030-200012010-00013 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 380TJ UT WOS:000165719300013 PM 11125892 ER PT J AU Sullivan, PS Hanson, DL Dworkin, MS Jones, JL Ward, JW AF Sullivan, PS Hanson, DL Dworkin, MS Jones, JL Ward, JW CA Adult Adolescent Spectrum HIV Dis TI Effect of influenza vaccination on disease progression among HIV-infected persons SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE influenza vaccine; HIV RNA level; HIV ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; IMMUNIZATION; REPLICATION; INDIVIDUALS AB Objective: To describe the effect of influenza vaccination on long-term change in CD4 count and HIV RNA level, and on progression to AIDS or death. Design and setting: A longitudinal medical record review set in 113 medical clinics in 10 United States cities. Patients: A total of 36 050 HIV-infected persons aged greater than or equal to 13 years in care for HIV infection. Main outcome measures: Change in CD4 count and HIV RNA level at follow-up (3-12 months after vaccination); hazard ratios (HR) for association of influenza vaccine with progression from baseline CD4 or HIV RNA level to AIDS and to death. Results: The median CD4 count among all persons decreased 28 cells/year during follow-up, with no difference in change in CD4 count between the 8007 (40%) vaccinated (median = 6 months, vaccine to follow-up CD4 count) and the 11 794 unvaccinated persons. In a viral load subanalysis, median HIV RNA level decreased 90 copies/ml per year among all persons during follow-up; decreases were not different between vaccinated and unvaccinated persons. (median = 7 months, vaccine to follow-up HIV RNA level determination). Influenza vaccination was weakly associated with decreased risk of progression to clinical AIDS [HR 0.93; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.87-0.99], but not associated with time to death (HR, 0.97; CI, 0.93-1.01). Conclusions: No negative long-term effect of influenza vaccination on CD4 counts, HIV RNA levels, or progression to AIDS or death was found in this HIV-infected population. These data suggest that physicians should not withhold influenza vaccine because of concerns about long-term detrimental effects of increased viral replication. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIB AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. AIDS Res Consortium Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Denver Dept Hlth & Hosp, Denver, CO USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Detroit, MI USA. Houston Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Houston, TX USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Univ Cent Caribe, Bayamon, PR USA. Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, San Juan, PR USA. Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. RP Sullivan, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIB AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 26 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 17 BP 2781 EP 2785 DI 10.1097/00002030-200012010-00018 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 380TJ UT WOS:000165719300018 PM 11125897 ER PT J AU Roberts, BD Pau, CP Weinstock, H Heneine, W Butera, ST AF Roberts, BD Pau, CP Weinstock, H Heneine, W Butera, ST TI Selective expansion of a minor proportion of drug-resistant HIV-1 by antiretroviral pressure in vitro SO AIDS LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Roberts, BD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 17 BP 2797 EP 2798 DI 10.1097/00002030-200012010-00025 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 380TJ UT WOS:000165719300025 PM 11125904 ER PT J AU MacKellar, DA Valleroy, LA Hoffmann, JR Glebatis, D LaLota, M McFarland, W Westerholm, J Janssen, RS AF MacKellar, DA Valleroy, LA Hoffmann, JR Glebatis, D LaLota, M McFarland, W Westerholm, J Janssen, RS TI Gender differences in sexual behaviors and factors associated with nonuse of condoms among homeless and runaway youths SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; HIGH-RISK; STREET YOUTH; SUBSTANCE USE; DRUG-USE; HIV-INFECTION; ADOLESCENTS; AIDS; VICTIMIZATION; CALIFORNIA AB Few studies have examined gender-specific factors associated with the nonuse of condoms among homeless and runaway youths (HRYs)-a population at high risk for HIV infection. In this article, we evaluate these factors and explore gender differences in background experiences, psychosocial functioning, and risk behaviors among HRYs from four U.S. metropolitan areas. Of 879 sexually active HRYs sampled, approximately 70% reported unprotected sexual intercourse during a 6-month period, and nearly a quarter reported never using condoms in the same period. Among males and females, having only one sex partner in the previous 6 months had the strongest association with nonuse of condoms. Among males, nonuse was also associated with having ever caused pregnancy, frequent marijuana use, prior physical victimization, and low self-control and sociability. Among females, nonuse was associated with knowledge of HIV status, prior sexual victimization, low social support, and infrequent marijuana use. These findings highlight the ongoing need for HN prevention services for HRYs. Implications for the scope and content of these services are discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Opin Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Bur HIV AIDS Epidemiol, New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Serosurveillance Program, Tallahassee, FL USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, AIDS Off, San Francisco, CA USA. Bur HIV STD Prevent, Houston Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Houston, TX USA. RP MacKellar, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Hoffmann, John P./0000-0002-3229-6809 FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU-606238] NR 50 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 12 IS 6 BP 477 EP 491 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 391MM UT WOS:000166359800001 PM 11220501 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Giles, WH Croft, JB AF Brown, DW Giles, WH Croft, JB TI Left ventricular hypertrophy as a predictor of coronary heart disease mortality and the effect of hypertension SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL DEATH INDEX; RISK FACTOR; FOLLOW-UP; MASS; CRITERIA; HEALTH AB Background Although associations between hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and coronary heart disease (CHD) have been described, it is less clear whether LVH is associated with increased rates of CHD in the absence of hypertension. Methods we examined this association with Cox regression analyses of data from 7924 adults 25 to 74 years of age from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) Mortality Study (1976 to 1992). Covariates included age, race, sex, history of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, cholesterol, body moss index, blood pressure, and smoking. Results During 16.8 follow-up years, there were 462 (26%) deaths from CHD (ICD-9 410-414) and 667 (38%) deaths from diseases of the heart (ICD-9 390-398, 402, 404, 410-414, 415-417, 420-429). LVH prevalence was 13.3 per 1000 population. Hypertension prevalence was 29.1%. LVH prevalence was higher among hypertensive adults than among normotensive adults (29.9 vs 6.4 per 1000, P <.001). Persons with LVH were twice as likely to die of CHD (relative risk, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.2, 3.5) and diseases of the heart (relative risk, 1.9, 95% confidence interval, 1.1, 3.0) after adjustment for hypertension and covariates. In age-adjusted predicted survivor, probability plots for CHD, and diseases of the heart, normotensives with LVH had survival similar to hypertensive adults with LVH and lower survival than normotensive and hypertensive adults with no LVH. Conclusions our results confirm previous findings that the presence of LVH is a strong predictor of future cardiovascular death. Although LVH appears to be rare among normotensives clinicians should be aware that such individuals may have on increased risk for death similar to that of hypertensive adults with LVH. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Giles, WH (reprint author), CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, NCCDPHP, Mailstop K-45,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 20 TC 122 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 140 IS 6 BP 848 EP 856 DI 10.1067/mhj.2000.111112 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 382FR UT WOS:000165812800006 PM 11099987 ER PT J AU Nguyen, GT Proctor, SE Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Garrett, DO Jarvis, WR AF Nguyen, GT Proctor, SE Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Garrett, DO Jarvis, WR CA Assoc Professionals Infection Cont TI Status of infection surveillance and control programs in the United States, 1992-1996 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; SENIC PROJECT; NATIONAL PREVALENCE; PROSPECTIVE PAYMENT; HOSPITALS; EFFICACY AB Background: Nosocomial infections have been recognized as a source of morbidity and mortality throughout the world for several decades. In the United States, an estimated 2.1 million nosocomial infections occur annually in acute care hospitals alone. Infection surveillance and control programs (ISCPs) play a vital role in addressing this problem, but no national studies have described the status and composition of these programs since the 1970s. Methods: In January 1997, a voluntary survey was sent by mail to members of the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Only one response per facility was requested. The survey asked for information for the years 1992 to 1996 (study period), and questions pertained to characteristics of the health care facility in which the respondent worked, characteristics of the ISCP and its personnel, and the overall level of administration support for infection control activities. Results: Completed questionnaires were received from personnel at 187 health care facilities located in 40 states and the District of Columbia. The majority (76.5%) of responding facilities were nongovernment owned, and 57.2% were classified as general acute care facilities. The number of licensed beds at these facilities remained stable throughout the study period, but all other measures of facility size and activity (eg, number of patient days and number of nurses) decreased by as much as 28.9%. In 1992, ISCPs were most likely to be organizationally located in the Nursing Department, but by 1996, many had been transferred to departments of Medical Records, Quality Assurance, or Risk Management. Throughout the course of the study period, the number of facilities performing surveillance for health care-associated infections in outpatient settings increased by 44.0%, from 100 to 144. In 1996, only 47.6% of facilities had a hospital epidemiologist (HE), and HEs devoted a median of 15% or less of their time to infection control activities. For the most part, HEs were trained in infectious diseases, and few had certification in infection control. Infection control professionals (ICPs) were much more common than were HEs (ICPs were reported at 97.9% of respondents' facilities in 1996), and they spent the majority (80% in 1996) of their time on infection control activities. During the course of the study period, increasing numbers of facilities had ICPs who had certification in infection control. Furthermore, most respondents did not report a change over time in the level of administration support for infection control activities. Conclusions: Health care delivery has changed dramatically during the past 20 years. This study presents an updated description of ISCPs in the United States. Our results illustrate several changing parameters, such as departmental shifts and increased outpatient surveillance, that reflect adjustments in health care priorities during the study period. As the transformation of the health care system continues, continued evaluation of the status of ISCPs on a national level will be necessary. Diligent monitoring, proactive measures, and collaboration between infection control organizations and government agencies will be vital for the prevention and control of health care-associated infections in the future. C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Assoc Profess Infect Control & Epidemiol Inc, Washington, DC USA. RP Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL (reprint author), US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD DEC PY 2000 VL 28 IS 6 SI SI BP 392 EP 400 DI 10.1067/mic.2000.110298 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 384FK UT WOS:000165932000002 PM 11114608 ER PT J AU Gerberding, J Gaynes, R Horan, T Alonso-Echanove, J Edwards, J Emori, G Fridkin, S Hageman, J Henderson, T Lawton, R Peavy, G Richards, C Tolson, J Wages, J AF Gerberding, J Gaynes, R Horan, T Alonso-Echanove, J Edwards, J Emori, G Fridkin, S Hageman, J Henderson, T Lawton, R Peavy, G Richards, C Tolson, J Wages, J CA NNIS Syst TI National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System report, data summary from January 1992-April 2000, issued June 2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS; STATES C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gerberding, J (reprint author), US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 144 Z9 147 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD DEC PY 2000 VL 28 IS 6 SI SI BP 429 EP 448 PG 20 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 384FK UT WOS:000165932000007 ER PT J AU Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Stein, GP Keyserling, HL Levine, GL Jarvis, WR AF Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Stein, GP Keyserling, HL Levine, GL Jarvis, WR CA Pediatric Prevention Network TI The Internet: A practical example of the use of new technology in the assessment of vancomycin use in pediatrics SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; INFORMATION; RESISTANCE AB Background: The rapid emergence of both new infections and new technologies has revolutionized health care during the past 50 years. Increased use of the Internet has enabled health care professionals to educate, interact, and collaborate throughout the world in ways never before possible. Increased use of vancomycin has been associated with the emergence of organisms with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin, such as Enterococcus and staphylococcal species. The purpose of this article is to describe our experience using Internet technology to assess vancomycin use at children's hospitals in the United States. Methods: A Web-based evaluation was developed and distributed on the Internet to 57 Pediatric Prevention Network hospitals. The evaluation was structured to collect summary statistics on vancomycin use and admissions data by service for 1997 and 1998. Results: Twenty-four hospitals were able to provide archived vancomycin use and patient admissions data; completed evaluations were returned from 15 hospitals (62.5% response rate). Personnel at 6 (40%) hospitals completed the evaluation directly on the Internet. Conclusions: In our study, Internet technology facilitated a more efficient evaluation of vancomycin use, but fewer than half of the personnel at Pediatric Prevention Network hospitals completed the evaluation directly on the Internet. It is unclear whether personnel at these hospitals were limited in Internet access, support, or understanding. Efforts should be directed to educate health care personnel on the advantages of the Internet. Furthermore, many of the pharmacy databases used in our assessment were not standardized across hospitals nor systematically validated. Understanding that limitations still remain-within the source of the data studied, the health care system sampled, and the Internet tools available-is essential because the Internet offers health care professionals today a tool both to protect patients and to improve quality throughout the world. C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Natl Assoc Childrens Hosp & Related Inst, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL (reprint author), US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Hosp Infect Program, Mailstop E-69,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD DEC PY 2000 VL 28 IS 6 SI SI BP 459 EP 464 DI 10.1067/mic.2000.110705 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 384FK UT WOS:000165932000010 PM 11114616 ER PT J AU Koplan, JP Harris, JR AF Koplan, JP Harris, JR TI Not-so-strange bedfellows: Public health and managed care SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Koplan, JP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Harris, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8728-7195 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2000 VL 90 IS 12 BP 1824 EP 1826 DI 10.2105/AJPH.90.12.1824 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 377KH UT WOS:000165512400002 PM 11111249 ER PT J AU Halverson, PK Mays, GP Kaluzny, AD AF Halverson, PK Mays, GP Kaluzny, AD TI Working together? Organizational and market determinants of collaboration between public health and medical care providers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Objectives. This study examines organizational characteristics and market conditions likely to influence collaborative relationships between public health agencies and community medical care providers. Methods. Public health directors in 60 US counties were surveyed by telephone concerning their relationships with area community hospitals (n=263) and community health centers (n=85). Multivariate models were used to estimate the effects of organizational and market characteristics on collaboration. Results. Collaboration was reported among 55% of the hospitals and 64% of the health centers. Certain forms of collaboration were more likely in markets characterized by higher HMO penetration and lower HMO competition. Conclusions. Targeted efforts to facilitate collaboration may be required in settings where institutional and market incentives are lacking. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Publ Hlth Leadership Program, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Cecil G Sheps Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Mays, GP (reprint author), Math Policy Res, 600 Maryland Ave SW,Suite 550, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2000 VL 90 IS 12 BP 1913 EP 1916 DI 10.2105/AJPH.90.12.1913 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 377KH UT WOS:000165512400020 PM 11111265 ER PT J AU Friedman, MS Blake, PA Koehler, JE Hutwagner, LC Toomey, KE AF Friedman, MS Blake, PA Koehler, JE Hutwagner, LC Toomey, KE TI Factors influencing a communitywide campaign to administer hepatitis A vaccine to men who have sex with men SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID A VACCINE; B VACCINE; OUTBREAK; AWARENESS AB Objectives. A hepatitis A outbreak among men who have sex with men (MSM) led to a publicly funded vaccination campaign. We evaluated the MSM community's response. Methods. A cohort of MSM from 5 community sites was surveyed. Results. Thirty-four (19%) of 178 potential vaccine candidates received the vaccine during the campaign. We found a linear relation between the number of exposures to campaign information and the likelihood of vaccination (P<.001). Vaccination was independently associated with awareness of the outbreak and the vaccine, having had sexual relations with men for 12 years or longer, having recently consulted a physician, and routinely reading a local gay newspaper. Conclusions. The difficult task of vaccinating MSM can be aided by repetitive promotional messages, especially via the gay media. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Prevent Branch, Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Friedman, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2000 VL 90 IS 12 BP 1942 EP 1946 DI 10.2105/AJPH.90.12.1942 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 377KH UT WOS:000165512400029 PM 11111274 ER PT J AU Marks, SM Taylor, Z Qualls, NL Shrestha-Kuwahara, RJ Wilce, MA Nguyen, CH AF Marks, SM Taylor, Z Qualls, NL Shrestha-Kuwahara, RJ Wilce, MA Nguyen, CH TI Outcomes of contact investigations of infectious tuberculosis patients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The objective of this study was to describe outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) contact investigations, factors correlated with those outcomes, and current successes and ways to improve TB contact investigations. We abstracted clinic records of a representative U.S. urban sample of 1,080 pulmonary, sputum-smear(+) TB patients reported to CDC July 1996 through lune 1997 and the cohort of their 6,225 close contacts. We found a median of four close contacts per patient. Fewer contacts were identified for homeless patients. A visit to the patient's residence resulted in two additional (especially child) contacts identified. Eighty-eight percent of eligible contacts received tuberculin skin tests (TSTs). Recording the last exposure date to the infectious patient facilitated follow-up TST provision. Thirty-six percent of contacts were TST(+). Household contacts and contacts to highly smear(+) or cavitary TB patients were most likely to be TST(+). Seventy-four percent of TST(+) contacts started treatment for latent TB infection (LTBI), of whom 56% completed. Sites using public health nurses (PHNs) started more high-risk TST(-) contacts on presumptive treatment for LTBI. Using directly observed treatment (DOT) increased the likelihood of treatment completion. We documented outcomes of contact investigation efforts by urban TB programs. We identified several successful practices, as well as suggestions for improvements, that wilt help TB programs target policies and procedures to enhance contact investigation effectiveness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Marks, SM (reprint author), CDC, NCHSTP, DTBE, MS E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 156 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 162 IS 6 BP 2033 EP 2038 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 381ZV UT WOS:000165794700011 PM 11112109 ER PT J AU Methner, MM Bowman, JD AF Methner, MM Bowman, JD TI Hazard surveillance for industrial magnetic fields: I. Walkthrough survey of ambient fields and sources SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE EMF; extremely low frequency; ELF; EMDEX ID ELECTRIC UTILITY WORKERS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; POWER-FREQUENCY; LEUKEMIA; RISK; CANCER; ENVIRONMENT AB A walkthrough survey method was developed for measuring ambient magnetic fields (MFs) in industrial facilities as the first stage in hazard surveillance. This survey was designed to measure the mean and peak MF magnitudes at extremely low frequencies (ELFs), so that factories could be ranked by MF levels and prioritized for subsequent personal exposure monitoring. Sixty-two facilities from 13 Standard Industrial Classifications (SICs) with the highest monthly electric power usage were surveyed, To measure ambient MFs, a structured walkthrough survey with a special emphasis on workstations was conducted with an EMDEX-II meter in continuous operation, while R-IF sources were noted. The broadband RIF data (40-800 Hz) for each facility were summarized with the geometric mean GM and the average of the five highest readings (Hi-5), The range of the GM magnetic field magnitude was 0.04-1.61 muT, where the maximum was measured at a steel mill operating large electric furnaces. Maximum values for specific sources were highly variable across and within facilities (Hi-5 range: 1.0-530 muT) Chemical and Allied Products (SIC 28) and Primary Metal Products (SIC 33) had facilities with GM and Hi-5 magnetic fields greater than any of the other industrial categories, However, the SIC categories were found to be poor predictors of the ambient MF in this sample of factories, A weak relationship was found between the facility-specific monthly electric power consumption and the GM magnetic field magnitude, but confidence limits were too broad to make meaningful exposure predictions from electric Don er data. Overall, 89% of the GMs were at or below 0.4 muT, consistent with most other studies that collected industrial MF exposure data, The walkthrough survey is a practical way of measuring ambient MFs in a large number of workplaces, and should be evaluated with personal measurements as a screening method for hazard surveillance, Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of British Occupational Hygiene Society. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Methner, MM (reprint author), NIOSH, Mail Stop R-19,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 44 IS 8 BP 603 EP 614 DI 10.1016/S0003-4878(00)00016-8 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 384NF UT WOS:000165951200003 PM 11108783 ER PT J AU Bowman, JD Methner, MM AF Bowman, JD Methner, MM TI Hazard surveillance for industrial magnetic fields: II. Field characteristics from waveform measurements SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE EMF; extremely low frequency; ELF; exposure assessment; waveform; cancer; neurodegenerative diseases ID BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; FREQUENCY; EXPOSURE; WORKERS AB Magnetic field characteristics have been surveyed systematically in six factories with the Multiwave(R) II waveform capture instrument. These six facilities manufactured plastics, pharmaceuticals, cement, liquid air products, aluminum parts, and aluminum-framed filters, The study goals were to survey the physical characteristics of magnetic fields that may be related to biological effects under various interaction mechanisms and to relate those characteristics to the field's sources, From 59 waveform measurements at worker locations near sources, ne calculated the extremely low frequency (ELF) and static field magnitudes, their frequency characteristics, and spatial characteristics of the 60 Hz component. The RMS vector magnitude of the ELF magnetic field (the usual exposure metric in most studies) had medians ranging from 0.53 to 12.83 muT in the six factories. The static magnetic field magnitudes had medians of 24.2-46.2 muT, which is well below the geomagnetic reference field of 55.0 muT because of shielding from steel structures. The maximum static field was 128.6 muT near a DC motor. The frequency spectra of the most common fields is dominated by 60 Hz, and has a median total harmonic distortion equal to 14.8%. The most common higher frequencies are the third, fifth, and second harmonics of 60 Hz, However, magnetic fields in these workplaces had many other 60 Hz harmonics and non-harmonic frequencies due particularly to electric motors and computer monitors. The 60 Hz component magnetic fields have elliptical polarization with median axial ratio of 25.4%. The average proportion of the 60 Hz component parallel to the static field vector was 51.5+/-3.0%, which indicates a significant trend towards perpendicular orientation between these two field components, In this survey of only sis factories, the Multiwave(R) II measurements documented a wide diversity of complex magnetic field characteristics and non-sinusoidal waveforms. Although these characteristics are important to the various mechanisms postulated to explain biological effects, they are overlooked by the popular exposure assessment methods which only measure the ELF magnitude. Therefore, spot measurements with the Multiwave(R) II or similar waveform capture instruments are necessary for a complete magnetic field exposure assessment, Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of British Occupational Hygiene Society. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Bowman, JD (reprint author), NIOSH, Mail Stop C-27,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 44 IS 8 BP 615 EP 633 DI 10.1016/S0003-4878(00)00015-6 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 384NF UT WOS:000165951200004 PM 11108784 ER PT J AU Arana, BA Rizzo, NR Navin, TR Klein, RE Kroeger, A AF Arana, BA Rizzo, NR Navin, TR Klein, RE Kroeger, A TI Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Guatemala: people's knowledge, concepts and practices SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED CLINICAL-TRIAL; MEGLUMINE ANTIMONATE AB Ten rural communities in the northern area of Guatemala where cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic were investigated to determine the residents' knowledge of the disease, their related concepts and practices, and their treatment preferences, and to identify the communication channels they use to acquire information. Of 425 heads of household interviewed, 96.7% could accurately describe a typical CL lesion. CL was found to be the fourth most frequently mentioned disease (in studies based on a free-list format) and to be considered the sixth most serious (in studies based on paired comparisons). A series of three-way comparisons, used to analyse the subjects' concepts about the similarities of various diseases, indicated that CL was considered to be most closely related to skin problems and to be different from any other group of diseases. All interviewees believed that it was necessary to receive treatment for CL, because without treatment the disease would progress, reach the bone, and take years to heal. More than half (55%) of the respondents knew about meglumine antimonate (Glucantime(R)), the most commonly prescribed drug for treating CL in Guatemala. Only a few communication channels that were used by respondents to receive information were identified; the use of radio broadcasts and direct communication via the community leaders appeared to be the most effective. C1 Univ Valle Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Med Entomol Res & Training Unit, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Latin Amer Ctr Hlth Studies, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. RP Arana, BA (reprint author), 18 Ave 11-95,Vista Hermosa 3,Apartado Postal 082, Guatemala City, Guatemala. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 94 IS 8 BP 779 EP 786 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 393YB UT WOS:000166496300005 PM 11214096 ER PT J AU Morlock, GP Plikaytis, BB Crawford, JT AF Morlock, GP Plikaytis, BB Crawford, JT TI Characterization of spontaneous, in vitro-selected, rifampin-resistant mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID RPOB MUTATIONS; GENE AB Resistance to rifampin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis results from mutations in the gene coding for the beta subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB), At least 95% of rifampin-resistant isolates have mutations in rpoB, and the mutations are clustered in a small region. About 40 distinct point mutations and in-frame insertions and deletions in rpoB have been identified, but point mutations in two codons, those coding for Ser,,, and His,,,, are seen in about 70% of rifampin-resistant clinical isolates, with Ser(531)-t-Leu (TCG-to TGG) mutations being by far the most common. To explore this phenomenon, we isolated independent, spontaneous, rifampin-resistant mutant versions of well-characterized M, tuberculosis laboratory strain H37Rv by plating 100 separate cultures, derived from a single low-density inoculum, onto rifampin containing medium. Rifampin-resistant mutants were obtained from 64 of these cultures. Although we anticipated that the various point mutations would occur with approximately equal frequencies, sequencing the rpoB gene from one colony per plate revealed that 39 (60.9%) were Ser(531) to Leu. We conclude that, for unknown reasons, the associated rpoB mutation occurs at a substantially higher rate than other rpoB mutations. This higher mutation rate may contribute to the high percentage of this mutation seen in clinical isolates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Crawford, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-08,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 44 IS 12 BP 3298 EP 3301 DI 10.1128/AAC.44.12.3298-3301.2000 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 405JP UT WOS:000167156500008 PM 11083630 ER PT J AU Butera, ST AF Butera, ST TI Therapeutic targeting of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 latency: current clinical realities and future scientific possibilities SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE HIV-1 latency; therapeutic intervention; cell models; viral transcription ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CD4(+) T-CELLS; NF-KAPPA-B; CHRONICALLY INFECTED-CELLS; LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST AB Factors affecting HIV-1 latency present formidable obstacles for therapeutic intervention. As these obstacles have become a clinical reality, even with the use of potent anti-retroviral regimens, the need for novel therapeutic strategies specifically targeting HIV-1 latency is evident. However, therapeutic targeting of HIV-1 latency requires an understanding of the mechanisms regulating viral quiescence and activation. These mechanisms have been partially delineated using chronically infected cell models and, dearly, HIV-I activation from latency involves several key viral and cellular components. Among these distinctive therapeutic targets, cellular factors involved in HIV-1 transcription especially warrant further consideration for rational drug design. Exploring the scientific possibilities of new therapies targeting HIV-1 latency may hold new promise of eventual HIV-1 eradication. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Butera, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 312 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 48 IS 3 BP 143 EP 176 DI 10.1016/S0166-3542(00)00133-9 PG 34 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 386DJ UT WOS:000166044600001 PM 11164503 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Alderisio, K Limor, J Royer, M Lal, AA AF Xiao, LH Alderisio, K Limor, J Royer, M Lal, AA TI Identification of species and sources of Cryptosporidium oocysts in storm waters with a small-subunit rRNA-based diagnostic and genotyping tool SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; PCR-RFLP ANALYSIS; BETA-TUBULIN GENE; PARVUM OOCYSTS; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; SENSITIVE DETECTION AB The identification of Cryptosporidium oocysts in environmental samples is largely made by the use of an immunofluorescent assay. In this study, we have used a small-subunit rRNA-based PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique to identify species and sources of Cryptosporidium oocysts present in 29 storm water samples collected from a stream in New York. A total of 12 genotypes were found in 27 positive samples; for 4 the species and probable origins were identified by sequence analysis, whereas the rest represent new genotypes from wildlife. Thus, this technique provides an alternative method for the detection and differentiation of Cryptosporidium parasites in environmental samples. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. New York City Dept Environm Protect, Div Drinking Water Qual Control, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Urban Watershed Management Branch, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Bldg 22,Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 45 TC 181 Z9 195 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 66 IS 12 BP 5492 EP 5498 DI 10.1128/AEM.66.12.5492-5498.2000 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 404QP UT WOS:000167112400061 PM 11097935 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Limor, J Morgan, UM Sulaiman, IM Thompson, RAC Lal, AA AF Xiao, LH Limor, J Morgan, UM Sulaiman, IM Thompson, RAC Lal, AA TI Sequence differences in the diagnostic target region of the oocyst wall protein gene of Cryptosporidium parasites SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; COWP GENE; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; PARVUM; MURIS; HOSTS; PCR AB Nucleotide sequences of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene were obtained from various Cryptosporidium spp, (C. wrairi, C. felis, C. meleagridis, C, baileyi, C, andersoni, C. muris, and C,serpentis) and C, parvum genotypes (human, bovine, monkey, marsupial, ferret, mouse, pig, and dog). Significant diversity was observed among species and genotypes in the primer and target regions of a popular diagnostic PCR, These results provide useful information for COWP-based molecular differentiation of Cryptosporidium spp, and genotypes. C1 US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Murdoch Univ, State Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div Parasit Dis, Bldg 22,Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 19 TC 91 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 66 IS 12 BP 5499 EP 5502 DI 10.1128/AEM.66.12.5499-5502.2000 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 404QP UT WOS:000167112400062 PM 11097936 ER PT J AU Woernle, C Higginbotham, G Judy, R Gordon, E AF Woernle, C Higginbotham, G Judy, R Gordon, E TI Varicella outbreaks among Mexican adults - Alabama, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 861-867, 1997) SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Natl Varicella Zoster Virus Lab, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Child Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 136 IS 12 BP 1580 EP 1580 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 383EA UT WOS:000165869100033 ER PT J AU Andresen, EM Lollar, DJ Meyers, AR AF Andresen, EM Lollar, DJ Meyers, AR TI Disability outcomes research: Why this supplement, on this topic, at this time? SO ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE disabled persons; outcome assessment (health care); rehabilitation ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; PHYSICAL THERAPY; HEALTH-CARE; REHABILITATION; INSTRUMENTS; SERVICES; DELIVERY; INJURY AB The objective of this supplement is to define disability outcomes research and to describe the issues facing this new discipline. Drawing on the scientific, English-language literature, this group of articles reviews and comments on the current methods and measures of disability outcomes research, with an eye on providing insights into future directions for disability outcomes research. The future includes expansion of the framework that defined disability and evolution of the methods for the research itself. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects Child Dev & Disabil & Hlth, Disabil & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New England Reg Spinal Cord Injury Ctr, Boston, MA USA. RP Andresen, EM (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, 3663 Lindell Blvd, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. FU PHS HHS [R13/CCR717040-01, U48/CCU710806, U59/CCU103370] NR 53 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0003-9993 J9 ARCH PHYS MED REHAB JI Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 81 IS 12 SU 2 BP S1 EP S4 DI 10.1053/apmr.2000.20614 PG 4 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 380ZK UT WOS:000165737700001 PM 11128898 ER PT J AU Gray, DB Hendershot, GE AF Gray, DB Hendershot, GE TI The ICIDH-2: Developments for a new era of outcomes research SO ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE disabled persons; outcome assessment (health care); rehabilitation AB This article reviews the important concepts that led to the development of the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH), explicates the International Classification of Functioning and Disability (ICIDH-2), and discusses implications of the ICIDH-2 as a conceptual framework for outcome measures. The original ICIDH opened the door to include factors outside the traditional classification boundaries of disease, illness, and functional limitations that have framed the concept of disability. The new factors in the ICIDH-2 include a dimension for participation in social activities and a listing of environmental factors that are important for understanding the complexity of disability. The ICIDH-2 offers an opportunity for building a consensus on the terms used to describe disability and on the scope of factors to include in studying disability. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Program Occupat Therapy, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Interview Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gray, DB (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Program Occupat Therapy, 4444 Forest Pk Ave, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. FU PHS HHS [R04/CCR714134] NR 18 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0003-9993 J9 ARCH PHYS MED REHAB JI Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 81 IS 12 SU 2 BP S10 EP S14 DI 10.1053/apmr.2000.20616 PG 5 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 380ZK UT WOS:000165737700003 PM 11128899 ER PT J AU Lollar, DJ Simeonsson, RJ Nanda, U AF Lollar, DJ Simeonsson, RJ Nanda, U TI Measures of outcomes for children and youth SO ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE disabled children; outcome assessment (health care); rehabilitation ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; MOTOR FUNCTION MEASURE; HEALTH-STATUS; ILLNESS PROFILE; DISABILITY; QUESTIONNAIRE; RELIABILITY; VALIDITY; INDEX; INDEPENDENCE AB Objective: To provide an overview of the issues related to the measurement of disability outcomes among children and on an assessment of selected instruments. Data Sources: Published scientific English literature in the area of child development, public health, and outcomes research. Study Selection: Studies selected were those that provide global measures of health outcomes focusing on children. Those selected allowed data collection to address the effects of intervention on individual children or populations of children. Psychometric characteristics were also a part of the selection process. Data Extraction: Specific guidelines for assessing the instruments include the number of scales and index capability, breadth of domains, inclusion of norms, capacity to measure elements of the World Health Organization model of functioning and disability, item and scaling bias, respondent burden, administrative burden, and retest reliability. Data Synthesis: Thirteen instruments were included. The measures vary in their utility for broad versus specific applications, eg, clinical and public health uses. Children themselves are often not part of the assessment process. In addition, environmental influences on health outcomes of children are not adequately addressed. Conclusion: Although it is challenging to evaluate outcomes associated with children with disabilities, there are frameworks and instruments that will advance outcome measurement. Approaches that include children should be explored further, and the environmental influences including and beyond the family require further measurement development. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Birth Defects Child Dev & Disabil & Hlth, Disabil & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Frank Porter Graham Child Dev Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Cardinal Glennon Childrens Hosp, St Louis, MO USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, St Louis, MO USA. RP Lollar, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Birth Defects Child Dev & Disabil & Hlth, Disabil & Hlth Branch, 4770 Bufford Hwy,F-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 65 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 7 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0003-9993 J9 ARCH PHYS MED REHAB JI Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 81 IS 12 SU 2 BP S46 EP S52 DI 10.1053/apmr.2000.20624 PG 7 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 380ZK UT WOS:000165737700007 PM 11128903 ER PT J AU Sham, RL Raubertas, RF Braggins, C Cappuccio, J Gallagher, M Phatak, PD AF Sham, RL Raubertas, RF Braggins, C Cappuccio, J Gallagher, M Phatak, PD TI Asymptomatic hemochromatosis subjects: genotypic and phenotypic profiles SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID SCREENING BLOOD-DONORS; HEPATIC IRON INDEX; HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS; HLA-H; HOMOZYGOUS HEMOCHROMATOSIS; MUTATION ANALYSIS; GENE; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; DIAGNOSIS AB Screening for hereditary hemochromatosis (HHC) by means of transferrin saturation (TS) levels has been advocated and will identify many patients who are asymptomatic. The purposes of this study were (1) to determine HFE genotypes among asymptomatic HHC patients and correlate this profile with the degree of iron overload and (2) to evaluate the relationship between mobilized iron (mob Fe), age, serum ferritin (SF), and quantitative hepatic iron (QHI) in this population. One hundred twenty-three asymptomatic HHC patients were evaluated; ail had quantitative phlebotomy to determine mob Fe and genotyping for C282Y and H63D mutations. Liver biopsies with QHI determinations were performed an 72 of the 123 patients. Of the entire group, 60% were homozygous for C282Y, and 13% were compound heterozygotes (C282Y/H63D), Among asymptomatic patients, the prevalence of homozygous C282Y is lower compared with previous studies that include clinically affected patients, Of those patients with more than 4 g mob Fe, 77% were homozygous C282Y, Asymptomatic patients with lower iron burdens frequently had genotypes other than homozygous C282Y, There was no correlation between age and mob Fe in these patients; however, there was a correlation between mob Fe and both SF (r = 0.68) and QHI(r = 0.75). In conclusion, asymptomatic patients with moderate iron overload had a different genotypic profile than was seen in advanced iron overload. The significance of identifying patients with modest degrees of iron loading, who may not be homozygous for C282Y, must be addressed if routine TS screening is to be implemented. (C) 2000 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 Rochester Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Mary M Gooley Hemophilia Ctr Inc, Rochester, NY 14621 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sham, RL (reprint author), Rochester Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Mary M Gooley Hemophilia Ctr Inc, 1425 Portland Ave, Rochester, NY 14621 USA. FU AHRQ HHS [R01 HS07616]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL61428-01A1] NR 31 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 12 BP 3707 EP 3711 PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 377LA UT WOS:000165514000006 PM 11090050 ER PT J AU Mervis, CB Robinson, BF Bertrand, J Morris, CA Klein-Tasman, BP Armstrong, SC AF Mervis, CB Robinson, BF Bertrand, J Morris, CA Klein-Tasman, BP Armstrong, SC TI The Williams syndrome cognitive profile SO BRAIN AND COGNITION LA English DT Article ID FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; SHORT-TERM-MEMORY; LINGUISTIC ABILITIES; TURNER SYNDROME; DOWN-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; HEMIZYGOSITY; PERSPECTIVE; WEAKNESSES; STRENGTHS AB Williams syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a hemizygous deletion of approximately 1.5 megabases on chromosome 7q11.73. In this article, we outline a Williams Syndrome Cognitive Profile (WSCP) that operationalizes the cognitive characteristics of the syndrome using measures of measure of absolute and relative performance on subtests of the Differential Abilities Scales (Elliot, 1990a). Testing confirmed excellent sensitivity and specificity scores for the WSCP. Seventy-four of 84 individuals with Williams syndrome fit the WSCP while only 4 participants in a contrast group met all of the WSCP criteria. it was also found that the WSCP does not vary greatly with chronological age or overall level of cognitive ability for individuals with Williams syndrome. Possible applications for the WSCP include psychoeducational evaluation and empirical research such as the search for genotype/phenotype relations in this genetically based syndrome, (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Univ Louisville, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Nevada, Sch Med, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Mervis, CB (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. EM cbmervis@louisville.edu RI Robinson, Byron/G-6144-2012 OI Robinson, Byron/0000-0003-2618-5771 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD29957, R01 HD029957]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS35102, R01 NS035102] NR 69 TC 215 Z9 222 U1 1 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0278-2626 J9 BRAIN COGNITION JI Brain Cogn. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 44 IS 3 BP 604 EP 628 DI 10.1006/brcg.2000.1232 PG 25 WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 383HP UT WOS:000165877300017 PM 11104544 ER PT J AU Flint, MS Miller, DB Tinkle, SS AF Flint, MS Miller, DB Tinkle, SS TI Restraint-induced modulation of allergic and irritant contact dermatitis in male and female B6.129 mice SO BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; LANGERHANS CELLS; DENDRITIC CELLS; SEX-HORMONES; T-CELLS; STRESS; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; EXPRESSION AB Recent studies in rats have indicated that acute restraint enhances cutaneous hypersensitivity. We hypothesized that acute restraint would also modulate the development of allergic and irritant dermatitis in mice and that these restraint-induced changes would be reflected in the cutaneous cytokine profile and be gender-specific. For these studies, male and female B6.129 mice were sensitized and challenged with the contact sensitizer dinitrofluorobenzene or challenged with the irritant croton oil. Two-hour restraint was applied prior to chemical challenge. Restraint combined with chemical increased ear swelling in both genders in ACD, a change that was blocked by administration of RU-486 prior to restraint. Neither restraint nor RU-486 administration modulated development of ICD; however, IL-1 beta was decreased by restraint in females only. TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma production were modified in ACD; TNF-alpha in both genders and IFN-gamma in female mice only. Our data demonstrate that acute restraint increases serum corticosterone in B6.129 male and female mice to comparable levels. Restraint modulated the murine ear swelling in ACD, but not ICD, in both genders, and the change in the ear swelling response and cytokine production were, at least in part, corticosterone-dependent. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Flint, MS (reprint author), NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013; OI Flint, Melanie/0000-0001-5311-3023 NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1591 J9 BRAIN BEHAV IMMUN JI Brain Behav. Immun. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP 256 EP 269 DI 10.1006/brbi.2000.0604 PG 14 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 388HE UT WOS:000166174100003 PM 11120595 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS Calle, EE Patel, AV Thun, MJ AF Coughlin, SS Calle, EE Patel, AV Thun, MJ TI Predictors of pancreatic cancer mortality among a large cohort of United States adults SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE cohort studies; diet; pancreatic cancer; tobacco ID PAST MEDICAL HISTORY; RISK-FACTORS; NUTRITIONAL FACTORS; COFFEE CONSUMPTION; BEVERAGE CONSUMPTION; EXOCRINE CARCINOMA; DIABETES-MELLITUS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; ALCOHOL; DIET AB Objectives: Cigarette smoking is considered an important risk factor for pancreatic cancer, but other purported risk factors are less well established. To learn more about the epidemiology of this important cause of mortality we examined associations with a variety of possible risk factors for death from pancreatic cancer in a large, prospective study of United States adults. Methods: We used proportional hazards models to obtain adjusted estimates of relative risks (hazards ratios). During 14 years of follow-up, 3751 persons died of pancreatic cancer in a cohort of 483,109 men and 619,199 women who had no reported history of cancer at enrollment in 1982. Results: Cigarette smoking at baseline was associated with fatal pancreatic cancer among men (multivariate relative risk [RR] = 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9-2.4) and among women (RR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.8-2.3). A trend in risk was observed with increasing number of cigarettes smoked per day among current smokers at baseline. With several variables included in separate models for men and women, we found additional factors to be predictive of pancreatic cancer mortality, including family history of pancreatic cancer, black race, diabetes, and increased body mass index. History of gallstones was predictive of pancreatic cancer among men. An inverse association with vegetable consumption was observed among men, that was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our findings confirm that cigarette smoking is an important predictor of pancreatic cancer mortality, and identify several other factors that may contribute to increased risk. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 63 TC 176 Z9 183 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD DEC PY 2000 VL 11 IS 10 BP 915 EP 923 DI 10.1023/A:1026580131793 PG 9 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 376ZD UT WOS:000165486400005 PM 11142526 ER PT J AU Ward, EM Schulte, P Grajewski, B Andersen, A Patterson, DG Turner, W Jellum, E Deddens, JA Friedland, J Roeleveld, N Waters, M Butler, MA DiPietro, E Needham, LL AF Ward, EM Schulte, P Grajewski, B Andersen, A Patterson, DG Turner, W Jellum, E Deddens, JA Friedland, J Roeleveld, N Waters, M Butler, MA DiPietro, E Needham, LL TI Serum organochlorine levels and breast cancer: A nested case-control study of Norwegian women SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; BETA-HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; RISK; PESTICIDES; RESIDUES; EXPOSURE; DDE; DISEASE; LIPIDS AB This study investigated the potential association between organochlorine exposure and breast cancer using stored sera collected from 1973 through 1991 from the Janus Serum Bank in Norway. Breast cancer cases were ascertained prospectively from among 25,431 female serum bank donors. A total of 150 controls were matched to cases by birth dates and dates of sample collection. One g of serum per subject was analyzed for a total of 71 organochlorine compounds. For 6 pesticides [B-hexachlorocyclohexane, heptachlor epoxide, oxychlordane, trans-nonachlor, p, p'-1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene, and p, p'-2,2-bis(p-chloropheny)-1,1,1-trichloroethane] and 26 individual polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners there were >90% of samples over the limit of detection. There was no evidence for higher mean serum levels among cases for any of these compounds, nor any trend of increasing risk associated with higher quartiles of exposure. The remaining compounds (including dieldrin) were analyzed with respect to the proportion of cancer cases and controls having detectable levels; no positive associations were noted in these analyses. Our study did not confirm the recent findings of a Danish study of increased concentrations of dieldrin in the serum of breast cancer cases. The evidence to date on the association between serum organochlorines is not entirely consistent, but there is accumulating evidence that serum levels of p,p'- 1,1 -dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene and total PCBs are not important predictors for breast canter in the general population. Studies to date have not been able to evaluate whether exposure to highly estrogenic, short-lived PCB congeners increases breast cancer risk, nor have they fully evaluated the risk associated with organochlorine exposure in susceptible subgroups or at levels above general population exposure, including women with occupational exposure. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Biol & Behav Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Janus Serum Bank, N-0027 Oslo, Norway. Norwegian Canc Registry, N-0310 Oslo, Norway. Int Agcy Res Canc, Unit Environm Canc Epidemiol, Vladivostok 690032, Russia. RP Ward, EM (reprint author), Robert A Taft Lab, NIOSH MS R-13,4676 Columbia Pk, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Roeleveld, Nel/B-4242-2008; Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011; Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 OI Roeleveld, Nel/0000-0002-3390-4466; NR 50 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 9 IS 12 BP 1357 EP 1367 PG 11 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 386EH UT WOS:000166046900012 PM 11142422 ER PT J AU Stallings, FL Ford, ME Simpson, NK Fouad, M Jernigan, JC Trauth, JM Miller, DS AF Stallings, FL Ford, ME Simpson, NK Fouad, M Jernigan, JC Trauth, JM Miller, DS CA PLCO Project Team TI Black participation in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial SO CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE screening; cancer; patient selection; minority groups ID CLINICAL-TRIALS; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; HEALTH-CARE; PREVENTION; WOMEN; SURVIVAL; RACE; REPRESENTATION; RECRUITMENT; ENROLLMENT AB The primary goal of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial is to learn whether widespread use of screening tests to detect these cancers will reduce associated mortality. Blacks have the highest age-adjusted cancer incidence and mortality rates of any population group in the United States, but several barriers to their participation in clinical research such as the PLCO trial exist. These barriers involve sociocultural, economic, and individual factors, as well as factors inherent in trial designs. Population diversity in the PLCO trial is necessary to preserve scientific validity and generalizability of trial results. Therefore, the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are collaborating to ensure adequate representation of blacks in the PLCO trial. For example, the agencies have funded several new activities designed to better understand and overcome barriers to participation in the trial. These activities include the African American Men Project, a randomized trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of three-increasingly intensive recruitment interventions in recruiting black men; the establishment of a minority-focused PLCO trial screening center, a study to identify factors that influenced the decisions of black women recruited to participate in the PLCO trial; and a study to examine the psychosocial factors that influence blacks' decision making to engage in cancer screening and participation in research similar to the PLCO trial. The results of these activities will allow for a more thorough examination of cancer-related issues of importance to blacks and will help shed light on factors that influence their decisions to participate in cancer screening and prevention clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 2000;21:379S-389S (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 2000. C1 NCI, Div Canc Prevent, Early Detect Res Grp, EPN 330, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Ctr Med Treatment Effectiveness Programs Diverse, Detroit, MI USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Stallings, FL (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Prevent, Early Detect Res Grp, EPN 330, 6130 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 45 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0197-2456 J9 CONTROL CLIN TRIALS JI Controlled Clin. Trials PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 IS 6 SU S BP 379S EP 389S DI 10.1016/S0197-2456(00)00093-3 PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 385DT UT WOS:000165987600008 PM 11189689 ER PT J AU Burrows, NR Geiss, LS Engelgau, MM Acton, KJ AF Burrows, NR Geiss, LS Engelgau, MM Acton, KJ TI Prevalence of diabetes among native Americans and Alaska natives, 1990-1997 - An increasing burden SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PIMA-INDIANS; CHILDREN; MELLITUS AB OBJECTIVE - To determine trends in diabetes prevalence among Native Americans and Alaska Natives. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - From 1990 to 1997, Native Americans and Alaska Natives with diabetes were identified from the Indian Health Service (IHS) national outpatient database, and prevalence was calculated using these cases and estimates of the Native American and Alaskan population served by IHS and tribal health facilities. Prevalence was age-adjusted by the direct method based on the 1980 U.S. population. RESULTS - Between 1990 and 1997, the number of Native Americans and Alaska Natives of all ages with diagnosed diabetes increased from 43,262 to 64,474 individuals. Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes increased by 29%. By 1997, prevalence among Native Americans and Alaska Natives was 5.4%, and the age-adjusted prevalence was 8.0%. During the entire 1990-1997 period, prevalence among women was higher than that among men, but the rate of increase was higher among men than women (37 vs. 25%). In 1997, age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes Varied by region and ranged from 3% in the Alaska region to 17% in the Atlantic region. The increase in prevalence between 1990 and 1997 ranged from 16% in the Northern Plains region to 76% in the Alaska region. CONCLUSIONS - Diabetes is common among Native Americans and Alaska Natives, and it increased substantially during the 8-year period examined. Effective interventions for primary secondary, and tertiary prevention are needed to address the substantial and rapidly growing burden of diabetes among Native Americans and Alaska Natives. C1 Indian Hlth Serv, Headquarters Diabet Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Burrows, NR (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K68, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 126 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD DEC PY 2000 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1786 EP 1790 DI 10.2337/diacare.23.12.1786 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 377UB UT WOS:000165543700015 PM 11128353 ER PT J AU Narayan, KMV Gregg, EW Engelgau, MM Moore, B Thompson, TJ Williamson, DF Vinicor, F AF Narayan, KMV Gregg, EW Engelgau, MM Moore, B Thompson, TJ Williamson, DF Vinicor, F TI Translation research for chronic disease - The case of diabetes SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; CONTROLLED TRIAL; CARE; RISK; CHOLESTEROL; MANAGEMENT; MELLITUS; PATIENT; ADULTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Narayan, KMV (reprint author), Mailstop K-68,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 43 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD DEC PY 2000 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1794 EP 1798 DI 10.2337/diacare.23.12.1794 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 377UB UT WOS:000165543700017 PM 11128355 ER PT J AU Gagnon, M Whalen, R AF Gagnon, M Whalen, R TI CLIA policy on new laboratory instruments SO DIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Whalen, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Bldg 102,M8 F-11, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 8755-1039 J9 DIAGN CYTOPATHOL JI Diagn. Cytopathol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 23 IS 6 BP 435 EP 435 DI 10.1002/1097-0339(200012)23:6<435::AID-DC17>3.0.CO;2-U PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pathology GA 370KM UT WOS:000165122300017 PM 11074655 ER PT J AU Vine, MF Stein, L Weigle, K Schroeder, J Degnan, D Tse, CKJ Hanchette, C Backer, L AF Vine, MF Stein, L Weigle, K Schroeder, J Degnan, D Tse, CKJ Hanchette, C Backer, L TI Effects on the immune system associated with living near a pesticide dump site SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE hazardous waste; immune system; micronuclei; organochlorines; pesticides ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; GENERAL-POPULATION; RESPONSES; DDT; IMMUNOTOXICITY; LYMPHOCYTES; SPECIMENS; CHEMICALS; RESIDUES; EXPOSURE AB In this paper, we report results of the second phase of a larger study designed to evaluate the effects on the immune system of living near a Superfund site containing organochlorine pesticides, volatile organic compounds, and metals. Phase II was conducted to determine whether living near the site, consisting of six locations in Aberdeen, North Carolina, is associated with higher plasma organochlorine levels, immune suppression, or DNA damage. Each of 302 residents of Aberdeen and neighboring communities provided a blood specimen, underwent a skin test, and answered a questionnaire. Blood specimens were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, immune markers, and micronuclei. Of 20 organochlorines tested, only DDE was detected in the blood of participants (except for one individual). Age-adjusted mean plasma DDE levels were 4.05 ppb for Aberdeen residents and 2.95 ppb (p = 0.01) for residents of neighboring communities. Residents of 40-59 years of age who lived within a mile of any site, but particularly the Farm Chemicals site, had higher plasma DDE levels than residents who lived farther away. Residents who lived near the Farm Chemicals site before versus after 1985 also had higher plasma DDE levels. Overall, there were few differences in immune markers between residents of Aberdeen and the neighboring communities. However, residents who lived closer to the dump sites had statistically significantly lower mitogen-induced lymphoproliferative activity than residents who lived farther away (p < 0.05). Residential location was not consistently associated with frequency of micronuclei or skin test responses. Although some statistically significant differences in immune markers were noted in association with residential location, the magnitude of effects are of uncertain clinical importance. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. N Carolina State Ctr Hlth Stat, Raleigh, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vine, MF (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Box 2949,Hanes House, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM VINE0002@mc.duke.edu NR 55 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 108 IS 12 BP 1113 EP 1124 DI 10.2307/3434822 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 385LJ UT WOS:000166005700021 PM 11133390 ER PT J AU Kohl, KS Farley, TA AF Kohl, KS Farley, TA TI Initially unrecognized distribution of a commercially cooked meat product contaminated over several months with Salmonella serotype Infantis SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; NATIONWIDE OUTBREAK; ALFALFA SPROUTS; FOOD; INFECTIONS; DISEASE; BEEF AB An outbreak of salmonellosis occurred among 63 wedding participants. The outbreak was investigated through cohort, laboratory, and environmental studies. Consumption of rice-dressing made from a commercially cooked, meat-based, rice-dressing mix was strongly associated with illness. Nineteen patient isolates, six company/grocery store isolates cultured from the rice-dressing mix, and one environmental isolate from a pump in the production line were of an identical outbreak strain of Salmonella Infantis characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. In the production line, cooked rice-dressing mix tested negative for S. Infantis before and positive after contact with the contaminated pump. The dressing-mix had an estimated 200 colony-forming units of salmonella per gram of product, and > 180 000 pounds were distributed in 9 states for greater than or equal to 2 months before contamination was recognized. Food manufacturers should be required to use systematic, hazard analysis critical control point risk management practices for all processed meat products, validated by periodic microbiologic monitoring of the end product. C1 Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, EIS Program, CDCP,Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Kohl, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-4930 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 125 IS 3 BP 491 EP 498 DI 10.1017/S0950268800004829 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 422BF UT WOS:000168097500004 PM 11218199 ER PT J AU Gomez, E Peguero, M Sanchez, J Castellanos, PL Feris, J Pena, C Brudzinski-LaClaire, L Levine, OS AF Gomez, E Peguero, M Sanchez, J Castellanos, PL Feris, J Pena, C Brudzinski-LaClaire, L Levine, OS TI Population-based surveillance for bacterial meningitis in the Dominican Republic: implications for control by vaccination SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DISEASE BURDEN; VACCINES; IMPLEMENTATION; PREVENTION; FRAMEWORK; COUNTRIES; INFANTS; CHILE AB Quantifying the local burden of disease is an important step towards the introduction of new vaccines, such as Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine. We adapted a generic protocol developed by the World Health Organization for population-based surveillance of bacterial meningitis. All hospitals that admit paediatric patients with meningitis in the National District, Dominican Republic were included in the system and standard laboratory methods were used. The system identified 111 cases of confirmed bacterial meningitis. Hib was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis, followed by group B streptococcus, S. pneumoniae, and N. meningitidis. Unlike hospital-based case series, this population-based system was able to calculate incidence rates. The incidence of Hib meningitis was 13 cases per 100 000 children < 5 years old. The data from this study were used by the Ministry of Health to support the introduction of routine Hib vaccination and will be used to monitor its effectiveness. C1 Secretaria Estado Salud Publ & Asistencia Social, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Clin Infantil Dr Robert Reid Cabral, Dept Infectol, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Levine, OS (reprint author), NIAID, DMID, RDB, 6700-B Rockledge Dr,Room 3255,MSC 7630, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-4930 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 125 IS 3 BP 549 EP 554 DI 10.1017/S0950268800004830 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 422BF UT WOS:000168097500010 PM 11218205 ER PT J AU Kool, JL Buchholz, U Peterson, C Brown, EW Benson, RF Pruckler, JM Fields, BS Sturgeon, J Lehnkering, E Cordova, R Mascola, LM Butler, JC AF Kool, JL Buchholz, U Peterson, C Brown, EW Benson, RF Pruckler, JM Fields, BS Sturgeon, J Lehnkering, E Cordova, R Mascola, LM Butler, JC TI Strengths and limitations of molecular subtyping in a community outbreak of Legionnaires' disease SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID ARBITRARILY PRIMED PCR; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; SURVEILLANCE AB An epidemiological and microbiological investigation of a cluster of eight cases of Legionnaires' disease in Los Angeles County in November 1997 yielded conflicting results. The epidemiological part of the investigation implicated one of several mobile cooling towers used by a him studio in the centre of the outbreak area. However, water sampled from these cooling towers contained L. pneumophila serogroup 1 of another subtype than the strain that was recovered from case-patients in the outbreak. Samples from two cooling towers located downwind from all of the case-patients contained a Legionella strain that was indistinguishable from the outbreak strain by four subtyping techniques (AP-PCR, PFGE, MAb, and MLEE). It is unlikely that these cooling towers were the source of infection for all the case-patients, and they were not associated with risk of disease in the case-control study. The outbreak strain also was not distinguishable, by three subtyping techniques (AP-PCR, PFGE, and MAb), from a L. pneumophila strain that had caused an outbreak in Providence, RI, in 1993. Laboratory cross-contamination was unlikely because the initial subtyping was done in different laboratories. In this investigation, microbiology was helpful for distinguishing the outbreak cluster from unrelated cases of Legionnaires' disease occurring elsewhere. However, multiple subtyping techniques failed to distinguish environmental sources that were probably not associated with the outbreak. Persons investigating Legionnaires' disease outbreaks should be aware that microbiological subtyping does not always identify a source with absolute certainty. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Acute Communicable Dis Control, Los Angeles, CA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Publ Hlth Lab, Los Angeles, CA USA. Brotman Mem Hosp, Culver City, CA USA. RP Kool, JL (reprint author), RIVM, Postbak 75,Postbus 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-4930 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 125 IS 3 BP 599 EP 608 DI 10.1017/S095026880000474X PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 422BF UT WOS:000168097500016 PM 11218211 ER PT J AU Smith, C Stamm, SC Riggs, JE Stauber, W Harsh, V Gannett, PM Hobbs, G Miller, MR AF Smith, C Stamm, SC Riggs, JE Stauber, W Harsh, V Gannett, PM Hobbs, G Miller, MR TI Ethanol-mediated CYP1A1/2 induction in rat skeletal muscle tissue SO EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ethanol; CYP1A1/2 induction; skeletal muscle ID HUMAN-LIVER; ACETAMINOPHEN ACTIVATION; XENOBIOTIC METABOLISM; CYTOCHROME P4502E1; RHABDOMYOLYSIS; MICROSOMES; EXPRESSION; MECHANISMS; HEPATOTOXICITY; MYOGLOBINURIA AB The causes of non-trauma-mediated rhabdomyolysis are not well understood. It has been speculated that ethanol-associated rhabdomyolysis may be attributed to ethanol induction of skeletal muscle cytochrome P450(s), causing drugs such as acetaminophen or cocaine to be metabolized to myotoxic compounds. To examine this possibility, the hypothesis that feeding ethanol induces cytochrome P450 in skeletal muscle was tested. To this end, rats were fed an ethanol-containing diet and skeletal muscle tissue was assessed for induction of CYP2E1 and CYP1A1/2 by immunohistochemical procedures; liver was examined as a positive control tissue. Enzymatic assays and Western blot analyses were also performed on these tissues. In one feeding system, ethanol-containing diets induced CYP1A1/2 in soleus, plantaris, and diaphragm muscles, with immunohistochemical staining predominantly localized to capillaries surrounding myofibers. Antibodies to CYP2E1 did not react with skeletal muscle tissue from animals receiving a control or ethanol-containing diet. However, neither skeletal muscle CYP1A1/2 nor CYP2E1 was induced when ethanol diets were administered by a different feeding system. Ethanol consumption can induce some cytochrome P450 isoforms in skeletal muscle tissue; however, the mechanism of CYP induction is apparently complex and appears to involve factors in addition to ethanol, per se. (C) Academic Press. C1 W Virginia Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Anat, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Neurol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Physiol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Pharm, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Community Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NIOSH, CDC, Physiol Res Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Miller, MR (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem, POB 9142, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RI Gannett, Peter/J-3347-2015 OI Gannett, Peter/0000-0002-7859-5468 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA45131-09]; NIOSH CDC HHS [R01 OHAR02918] NR 46 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4800 J9 EXP MOL PATHOL JI Exp. Mol. Pathol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 69 IS 3 BP 223 EP 232 DI 10.1006/exmp.2000.2328 PG 10 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 434NL UT WOS:000168822600006 PM 11115363 ER PT J AU Blumberg, SJ AF Blumberg, SJ TI Guarding against threatening HIV prevention messages: An information-processing model SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID COPING STYLE; THOUGHTS; PERCEPTIONS; PERSUASION; EFFICACY; SEEKING; MOTIVES; NEED; BACK AB Previous research has suggested that fear-provoking HIV prevention messages can lend to defensive coping strategies among sexually active students who encounter such messages. An information-processing model of defensive responses is proposed that identifies and operationally defines four mediating processes-attention avoidance, blunting, suppression, and counterargumentation-that may lead to the rejection or denial of threatening health messages. Attention avoidance occurs when people indiscriminately avoid all messages; blunting is the use of distraction to avoid only threatening information in the message. Suppression occurs when people try to stop thinking about the information and avoid forming inferences about its self-relevance; counterargumentation is the biased assessment that follows comprehension and arises along with self-relevant elaboration. Situational influences on people's choice of defensive coping strategy are considered, and implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Blumberg, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 850, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM SBlumberg@cdc.gov NR 70 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 27 IS 6 BP 780 EP 795 DI 10.1177/109019810002700611 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 370VW UT WOS:000165144400010 PM 11104375 ER PT J AU Hisaeda, H Stowers, AW Tsuboi, T Collins, WE Sattabongkot, JS Suwanabun, N Torii, M Kaslow, DC AF Hisaeda, H Stowers, AW Tsuboi, T Collins, WE Sattabongkot, JS Suwanabun, N Torii, M Kaslow, DC TI Antibodies to malaria vaccine candidates Pvs25 and Pvs28 completely block the ability of Plasmodium vivax to infect mosquitoes SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MINIMAL VARIATION; TARGET ANTIGEN; SEXUAL STAGE; TRANSMISSION; FALCIPARUM; IMMUNITY; SURFACE; PROTEINS; PFS25; POLYMORPHISM AB Transmission-blocking vaccines are one strategy for controlling malaria, whereby sexual-stage parasites are inhibited from infecting mosquitoes by human antibodies. To evaluate whether the recently cloned Plasmodium vivax proteins Pvs25 and Pvs28 are candidates for a transmission-blocking vaccine, the molecules were expressed in yeast as secreted recombinant proteins. Mice vaccinated with these proteins adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide developed strong antibody responses against the immunogens, although for Pvs28, this response was genetically restricted. Antisera against both recombinant Pvs25 and Pvs28 recognized the corresponding molecules expressed by cultured sexual-stage parasites isolated from patients with P. vivax malaria, The development of malaria parasites in mosquitoes was completely inhibited when these antisera were ingested with the infected blood meal. Pvs25 and Pvs28, expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are as yet the only fully characterized transmission-blocking vaccine candidates against P. vivax that induce such a potent antiparasite response. C1 NIAID, Malaria Vaccine Dev Unit, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Univ Tokushima, Sch Med, Dept Parasitol& Immunol, Tokushima 7708503, Japan. Ehime Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Parasitol, Shigenobu, Ehime 7910295, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anim Resources Branch, Sci Resources Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Stowers, AW (reprint author), NIAID, Malaria Vaccine Dev Unit, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, 12441 Parklawn Dr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 32 TC 103 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 68 IS 12 BP 6618 EP 6623 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.12.6618-6623.2000 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 403AH UT WOS:000167020000015 PM 11083773 ER PT J AU Beltrami, EM McArthur, MA McGeer, A Armstrong-Evans, M Lyons, D Chamberland, ME Cardo, DM AF Beltrami, EM McArthur, MA McGeer, A Armstrong-Evans, M Lyons, D Chamberland, ME Cardo, DM TI The nature and frequency of blood contacts among home healthcare workers SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES; UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS; NEEDLESTICK INJURIES; SURGICAL-PROCEDURES; MEDICAL-STUDENTS; HOUSE OFFICERS; CARE WORKERS; RISK; INFECTION; PERSONNEL AB OBJECTIVE: To estimate the frequency of, and assess risk factors for; percutaneous, mucous membrane, and cutaneous blood contacts sustained by healthcare workers (HCWs) during the delivery of infusion therapy and the performance of procedures involving sharp instruments in the home setting. DESIGN: Prospective surveillance of percutaneous, mucous membrane, and cutaneous blood contacts. SETTING: Eleven home healthcare agencies in the United States and Canada from August 1996 through June 1997. PARTICIPANTS: HCWs who provided home infusion therapy or performed procedures using hollow-bore needles and other sharp instruments in the home setting. METHODS: Each participating worker recorded information about the procedures performed and blood contacts experienced during each of his or her home visits for a 2- to 4-week period using standard questionnaires. HCWs also completed questionnaires regarding job duties, reporting of previous occupational blood contacts, and their use of protective barriers in the home setting. RESULTS: Participating HCWs provided information about 33,606 home visits. A total of 19,164 procedures were performed during 14,744 procedure visits. Fifty-three blood contacts occurred during these visits, for a blood-contact rate of 2.8 blood contacts per 1,000 procedures and 0.6 percutaneous injuries per 1,000 procedures with needles or lancets. Gloves were worn for 52%, masks for 5%, gowns for 396, and protective glasses or goggles for 2% of all procedure visits. HCWs used barriers for 53% of visits during which at least 1 procedure was performed and for 27% of other visits. CONCLUSIONS: HCWs involved in home health care are at risk for blood contact. Infection control barrier use was low in our study. The majority of skin contacts could have been prevented by glove use. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Infect Branch, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Princess Margaret Hosp, Toronto, ON M4X 1K9, Canada. Mikalix & Co, Boston, MA USA. RP Beltrami, EM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Infect Branch, Hosp Infect Program, Mailstop E-68,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014 OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137 NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 IS 12 BP 765 EP 770 DI 10.1086/501730 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 385AR UT WOS:000165979900004 PM 11140911 ER PT J AU Buchholz, U Richards, C Murthy, R Arduino, M Pon, D Schwartz, W Fontanilla, E Pegues, C Boghossian, N Peterson, C Kool, J Mascola, L Jarvis, WR AF Buchholz, U Richards, C Murthy, R Arduino, M Pon, D Schwartz, W Fontanilla, E Pegues, C Boghossian, N Peterson, C Kool, J Mascola, L Jarvis, WR TI Pyrogenic reactions associated with single daily dosing of intravenous gentamicin SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENDOTOXIN; HUMANS AB OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors associated with an unexpected outbreak of pyrogenic reactions (PR) following intravenous gentamicin. DESIGN: We conducted two cohort studies. PRs were defined as chills, rigors, or shaking within 3 hours after initiating the gentamicin infusion during the preepidemic (December 1, 1997-January 15, 1998) or epidemic (May 1-June 15, 1998) periods. We tested gentamicin vials for endotoxin using the limulus amebocyte lysate assay. SETTING: Inpatient services of a large community hospital in Los Angeles, California. RESULTS: During the epidemic period, 22 (15%) of 152 patients developed documented PRs following intravenous gen tamicin. PRs were more likely among patients receiving single daily dosing (SDD) than multiple daily dosing gentamicin (20/73 [27%] vs 2/79 [3%]; relative risk, 10.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.6-44.7). Laboratory analysis of gentamicin vials found endotoxin levels that were higher among Fujisawa-brand gentamicin (implicated brand) than gentamicin used after the outbreak terminated (non-implicated brand). Although endotoxin levels in the vials did not exceed US Pharmacopeia limits (1.7 endotoxin units/mg gentamicin), the use of SDD gentamicin may place patients at greater risk of receiving doses of endotoxin above the threshold for PRs in humans.. CONCLUSIONS: Reassessment of the acceptable amounts of endotoxin in gentamicin and other parenteral products should be considered when dosing intervals used in clinical practice change. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Acute Communicable Dis Control, Los Angeles, CA USA. Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. RP Richards, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Mailstop A-07,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 IS 12 BP 771 EP 774 DI 10.1086/501731 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 385AR UT WOS:000165979900005 PM 11140912 ER PT J AU Wang, SA Panlilio, AL Doi, PA White, AD Stek, M Saah, A AF Wang, SA Panlilio, AL Doi, PA White, AD Stek, M Saah, A CA HIV PEP Registry Grp TI Experience of healthcare workers taking postexposure prophylaxis after occupational HIV exposures: Findings of the HIV postexposure prophylaxis registry SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CARE WORKERS; INFECTION; ZIDOVUDINE; PREVENTION; TYPE-1 AB OBJECTIVE: To collect information about the safety of taking antiretroviral drugs for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). DESIGN: A voluntary, confidential registry. SETTING: Hospital occupational health clinics, emergency departments, private physician offices, and health departments in the United States. RESULTS: 492 healthcare workers (HCWs) who had occupational exposures to HIV, were prescribed HN PEP, and agreed to be enrolled in the registry by their healthcare providers were prospectively enrolled in the registry. Three hundred eight (63%) of 492 of the PEP regimens prescribed for these HCWs consisted of at least three antiretroviral agents. Of the 449 HCWs for whom 6-week follow-up was available, 195 (43%) completed the PEP regimen as initially prescribed. Forty-four percent (n = 197) of HCWs discontinued all PEP drugs and did not complete a PEP regimen. Thirteen percent (n = 57) discontinued greater than or equal to1 drug or modified drug dosage or added a drug but did complete a course of PEP. Among the 254 HCWs who modified or discontinued the PEP regimen, the two most common reasons for doing so were because of adverse effects attributed to PEP (54%) and because the source-patient turned out to be HIV-negative (38%). Overall, 340 (76%) HCWs with 6-week follow-up reported some symptoms while on PEP: nausea (57%), fatigue or malaise (38%), headache (18%), vomiting (16%), diarrhea (14%), and myalgias or arthralgias (6%). The median time from start of PEP to onset of each of the five most frequently reported symptoms was 3 to 4 days. Only 37 (8%) HCWs with 6-week follow-up were reported to have laboratory abnormalities; review of the reported abnormalities revealed that most were unremarkable. Serious adverse events were reported to the registry for 6 HCWs; all but one event resolved by the 6-month follow-up visit. Fewer side effects were reported by HCWs taking two-drug PEP regimens than by HCWs taking three-drug PEP regimens. CONCLUSIONS: Side effects from HIV PEP were very common but were rarely severe or serious. The nature and frequency of HN PEP toxicity were consistent with information already available on the use of these antiretroviral agents. Clinicians prescribing HIV FEP need to counsel HCWs about PEP side effects and should know how to manage PEP toxicity when it arises. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Infect Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. PharmaRes Corp, Wilmington, NC USA. Glaxo Wellcome Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Merck & Co Inc, W Point, PA USA. CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wang, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Infect Branch, Mailstop E02,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 IS 12 BP 780 EP 785 DI 10.1086/501736 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 385AR UT WOS:000165979900007 PM 11140914 ER PT J AU Coignard, B Siegel, JD Weinstein, RA Sohn, AH Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Jarvis, WR AF Coignard, B Siegel, JD Weinstein, RA Sohn, AH Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Jarvis, WR TI Reality check: How should we control antimicrobial use? Current practices and controversies SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections CY MAR 05-09, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA ID SOCIETY-OF-AMERICA; ANTIBIOTIC USE; RESISTANT MICROORGANISMS; HOSPITALS; AGENTS; PHYSICIANS; GUIDELINES; EMERGENCE; ORGANISMS; PATTERNS AB The infectious diseases community shares a wide consensus about the need for control of antimicrobial use. However, current practices toward this goal remain controversial. This "Reality Check" session assessed attendees of the 4th Decennial Conference regarding their knowledge and practices about control of antimicrobial use in hospitals. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training,Epidemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. Cook Cty Bur Hlth Serv, Chicago, IL USA. RP Coignard, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 IS 12 BP 792 EP 795 DI 10.1086/501733 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 385AR UT WOS:000165979900010 PM 11140917 ER PT J AU Mays, GP Halverson, PK Kaluzny, AD Norton, EC AF Mays, GP Halverson, PK Kaluzny, AD Norton, EC TI How managed care plans contribute to public health practice SO INQUIRY-THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION PROVISION AND FINANCING LA English DT Review ID BLUE-SHIELD; COMMUNITY; MEDICAID; ORGANIZATIONS; POPULATION; SYSTEMS; GROWTH; ISSUES; IMMUNIZATIONS; PERFORMANCE AB Growth in managed care enrollment potentially creates incentives for health plans to become involved in public health activities, such as health promotion and disease prevention interventions, and care for vulnerable populations. Using cross-sectional data from 60 diverse markets, this study explores the extent to which health maintenance organizations (HMOs) form cooperative alliances with local public health agencies to perform such activities. Results from multivariate models suggest that the incentives for cooperation vary substantially with health plan ownership and market structure. In view of recent HMO industry trends, these findings raise questions about the ability of alliances to integrate the practice of public health and medicine on a broad national scale, as some proponents suggest they do. C1 Math Policy Res, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Publ Hlth Leadership Program, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. RP Mays, GP (reprint author), Math Policy Res, 600 Maryland Ave,SW,Suite 550, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RI Norton, Edward/B-2211-2009 OI Norton, Edward/0000-0003-4555-0631 NR 100 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD ASSOC PI ROCHESTER PA 150 EAST MAIN ST, ROCHESTER, NY 14647 USA SN 0046-9580 J9 INQUIRY-J HEALTH CAR JI Inquiry-J. Health Care Organ. Provis. Financ. PD WIN PY 2000 VL 37 IS 4 BP 389 EP 410 PG 22 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 408NM UT WOS:000167332300006 PM 11252448 ER PT J AU Fukuda, K AF Fukuda, K TI Are we ready for emerging strains of pandemic influenza? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Infectious Disease 2000 Conference CY OCT 27-31, 1999 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA ID MORTALITY; CHILDREN; VACCINES; DISEASE; VIRUS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fukuda, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICOM INTERNATIONAL PI SURREY PA CHURSTON HOUSE, PORTSMOUTH RD, ESHER, SURREY KT10 9AD, ENGLAND SN 1368-5031 J9 INT J CLIN PRACT JI Int. J. Clin. Pract. PD DEC PY 2000 SU 115 BP 37 EP 43 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC General & Internal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 402HB UT WOS:000166979800010 PM 11219299 ER PT J AU McDade, J AF McDade, J TI New and emerging pathogens SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Infectious Disease 2000 Conference CY OCT 27-31, 1999 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA ID HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; HUMAN EHRLICHIOSIS; UNITED-STATES; NIPAH VIRUS; DISEASE; MORBILLIVIRUS; ENCEPHALITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ARGENTINA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McDade, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICOM INTERNATIONAL PI SURREY PA CHURSTON HOUSE, PORTSMOUTH RD, ESHER, SURREY KT10 9AD, ENGLAND SN 1368-5031 J9 INT J CLIN PRACT JI Int. J. Clin. Pract. PD DEC PY 2000 SU 115 BP 55 EP 59 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC General & Internal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 402HB UT WOS:000166979800013 PM 11219303 ER PT J AU Jaffe, H AF Jaffe, H TI Changing epidemiology of HIV SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Infectious Disease 2000 Conference CY OCT 27-31, 1999 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; ZIDOVUDINE; PROPHYLAXIS; PREVENTION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jaffe, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICOM INTERNATIONAL PI SURREY PA CHURSTON HOUSE, PORTSMOUTH RD, ESHER, SURREY KT10 9AD, ENGLAND SN 1368-5031 J9 INT J CLIN PRACT JI Int. J. Clin. Pract. PD DEC PY 2000 SU 115 BP 72 EP 77 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC General & Internal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 402HB UT WOS:000166979800016 PM 11219306 ER PT J AU Benkel, DH McClure, EM Woolard, D Rullan, JV Miller, GB Jenkins, SR Hershey, JH Benson, RF Pruckler, JM Brown, EW Kolczak, MS Hackler, RL Rouse, BS Breiman, RF AF Benkel, DH McClure, EM Woolard, D Rullan, JV Miller, GB Jenkins, SR Hershey, JH Benson, RF Pruckler, JM Brown, EW Kolczak, MS Hackler, RL Rouse, BS Breiman, RF TI Outbreak of Legionnaires' disease associated with a display whirlpool spa SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Legionnaires' disease; Legionella pneumophila; outbreak; whirlpool spa; community acquired pneumonia; legionellosis; urinary antigens ID SURVEILLANCE AB Background Recognized outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease (LD) are rare; when they occur, they provide opportunities to understand the epidemiology of the illness and improve prevention strategies. We investigated a population-based outbreak. Methods After the confirmation of LD in October 1996 in five people in neighbouring towns in southwest Virginia, active surveillance for additional cases was undertaken. A case-control study was conducted to identify exposures associated with illness, followed by a cohort study among employees of the facility at which the source of the outbreak was located in order to assess unrecognized exposure and illness. Samples of likely sources of LD in the facility were cultured for Legionella. Results In all, 23 laboratory-confirmed cases of LD were eventually identified. Of the 15 cases in the case-control study, 14 (93%) reported visiting a home-improvement store, compared with 12 (27%) of 45 controls (matched odds ratio [MOR] = 23.3; 95% CI: 3-182). Among home-improvement centre patrons, 10 (77%) of 13 cases questioned recalled either visiting or walking by a display whirlpool spa, compared with 3 (25%) of 12 controls (MOR = 5.5; 95% CI : 0.7-256.0). Two cases' sputum isolates were an exact match, by monoclonal antibody subtyping and arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction, to a whirlpool spa filter isolate from the store. Employees reporting more exposure to the display spas were more likely to report symptoms of LD or to have an elevated titre. Conclusions This investigation shows that LD can be transmitted from a whirlpool spa used for display only, and highlights the need for minimizing the risk of transmission of LD from all water-filled spas. C1 VDH, Off Epidemiol, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Richmond, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. VDH, Off Epidemiol, Richmond, VA USA. VDH, New River Hlth Dist, Christiansburg, VA USA. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Benkel, DH (reprint author), VDH, Off Epidemiol, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Richmond, VA USA. NR 26 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1092 EP 1098 DI 10.1093/ije/29.6.1092 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 391NA UT WOS:000166361000019 PM 11101553 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM AF Flegal, KM TI The effects of age categorization on estimates of overweight prevalence for children SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE overweight; obesity; prevalence; health surveys; children; adolescents; age; body mass index; growth charts; nutrition surveys; body weight; epidemiologic methods ID ADOLESCENTS; OBESITY AB OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of methods of age grouping on estimates of overweight prevalence for children and adolescents based on reference body mass index (BMI) percentiles. METHODS: Data for children aged 6-17y came from three nationally representative US surveys, the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) and Cycles II and III of the National Health Examination Survey (1963-1965, 1966-1970). Month-specific BMI percentile values were taken from the revised US growth charts. Ages were grouped into categories 3, 6 or 12 months in length. Cut-off points were selected as the low or the mean percentile value within the category. Overweight prevalences for these groupings were compared with prevalences calculated using the month-specific values. RESULTS: The effects of grouping and cut-off point selection on overweight prevalence estimates were generally small; however, the combination of 12 month groupings and the low value led to an overestimation by up to 3 percentage points. Within the 12 month groupings, the first 6 months differed systematically from the second 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Although age categorization may often have little effect on prevalence estimates, prevalence may sometimes be overestimated by as much as 3 percentage points. Use of narrower age categorizations than those used to construct the reference values may result in systematic biases. It is important to understand how age was handled in the construction of the reference population and to select age categories consistent with those used for the reference population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 900, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1636 EP 1641 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801441 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 373QE UT WOS:000165299500014 PM 11126217 ER PT J AU Talbot, EA Kenyon, TA Halabi, S Moeti, TL More, K Binkin, NJ AF Talbot, EA Kenyon, TA Halabi, S Moeti, TL More, K Binkin, NJ TI Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding tuberculosis preventive therapy for HIV-infected persons, Botswana, 1999 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; preventive therapy; human immunodeficiency virus; survey; Botswana ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; ADULTS; TRIAL; MORTALITY; SMOKING; RISK AB SETTING: Botswana, 1999. OBJECTIVE: To measure knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy (PT) for persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). DESIGN: A systematic sample of adult clinic attendees, using a standardised questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 275 patients at 38 clinics in five dis tricts were interviewed. The majority were female (65%) and unmarried (84%). Knowing someone with TB or AIDS was common (78% and 53%, respectively). Respondents perceived a relationship between TB and HIV (80%), and the majority were willing to undergo tuberculin skin testing (92%). Of those, most were willing to undergo evaluation for active TB (98%), and to take PT, although willingness to take PT declined with proposed duration (97% 6 months, 90% 1 year, 81% lifetime, P < 0.01). Previous HIV testing was reported by 13%; those who had not undergone testing reported that they would if doctors could improve the quality (95%) or duration (93%) of life of persons with AIDS. The majority favoured receiving HIV test results on the day they were tested (60%). CONCLUSIONS: Most clinic attendees in Botswana were willing to undergo HIV testing if it were beneficial to do so, such as by receiving PT: Pilot PT projects should be initiated. Voluntary HIV counselling: and testing services should consider rapid HIV testing methods. C1 US Dept State, BOTUSA Project, Washington, DC 20521 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Hlth, Natl TB Program, Gaborone, Botswana. Minist Hlth, AIDS STD Unit, Gaborone, Botswana. RP Talbot, EA (reprint author), US Dept State, BOTUSA Project, 2170 Gaborone Pl, Washington, DC 20521 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 4 IS 12 BP 1156 EP 1163 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 381YN UT WOS:000165791800010 PM 11144458 ER PT J AU Lawn, SD AF Lawn, SD TI Tuberculosis in Ghana: social stigma and compliance with treatment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB & Mycobacteriol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lawn, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB & Mycobacteriol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 4 IS 12 BP 1190 EP 1191 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 381YN UT WOS:000165791800018 PM 11144465 ER PT J AU Bock, N AF Bock, N TI Running in place: TB elimination in Georgia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Meeting of the North American Region of the International-Union-Against-Tuberculosis-and-Lung-Disease CY FEB 24-26, 2000 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Int Union Against Tuberculosis & Lung Dis, N Amer Reg ID TUBERCULOSIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Res & Evaluat Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bock, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Res & Evaluat Branch, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 4 IS 12 SU 2 BP S117 EP S120 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 382KP UT WOS:000165821700005 PM 11144540 ER PT J AU Onorato, IM AF Onorato, IM TI Tuberculosis outbreaks in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Meeting of the North American Region of the International-Union-Against-Tuberculosis-and-Lung-Disease CY FEB 24-26, 2000 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Int Union Against Tuberculosis & Lung Dis, N Amer Reg ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; EXTENSIVE TRANSMISSION; STRAIN; RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Onorato, IM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div HIV AIDS, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 4 IS 12 SU 2 BP S121 EP S126 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 382KP UT WOS:000165821700006 PM 11144541 ER PT J AU Taylor, Z AF Taylor, Z TI The cost-effectiveness of screening for latent tuberculosis infection SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Meeting of the North American Region of the International-Union-Against-Tuberculosis-and-Lung-Disease CY FEB 24-26, 2000 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Int Union Against Tuberculosis & Lung Dis, N Amer Reg ID DECISION-ANALYSIS; ISONIAZID PROPHYLAXIS; PREVENTIVE THERAPY; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; REACTORS; RISK; BENEFIT; AGE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Taylor, Z (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 4 IS 12 SU 2 BP S127 EP S133 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 382KP UT WOS:000165821700007 PM 11144542 ER PT J AU Xu, FJ Kilmarx, PH Supawitkul, S Yanpaisarn, S Limpakarnjanarat, K Manopaiboon, C Korattana, S Mastro, TD St Louis, ME AF Xu, FJ Kilmarx, PH Supawitkul, S Yanpaisarn, S Limpakarnjanarat, K Manopaiboon, C Korattana, S Mastro, TD St Louis, ME TI HIV-1 seroprevalence, risk factors, and preventive behaviors among women in northern Thailand SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV seroprevalence; heterosexual transmission; women-partner communication; risk perception; preventive behaviors; Thailand ID YOUNG MEN; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIC; TRANSMISSION AB To study HIV-1 seroprevalence, risk factors, and preventive behaviors among reproductive-age women in northern Thailand, 804 consenting women who were identified postpartum or who were visiting family planning clinics were interviewed and tested during 1998 to 1999. Almost all women were currently married and had been pregnant more than once. Their median age was 27 years. HIV-1 seroprevalence was 3.1% overall and was higher in women aged between 25 and 29 years (5.9%), having had greater than or equal to2 lifetime sex partners (6.5%), or whose current marriage had lasted for less than or equal to1 year (7.0%). No woman reported HIV risk factors other than heterosexual sex. Most (76%) HIV-infected women reported no casual sex partners and, therefore. had likely acquired the infection from their husbands. HIV testing and partner communications were common, but only 2% of couples used condoms consistently in the prior 6 months. Nearly half of these women perceived themselves at no or low risk for HIV infection; these women were less likely to have taken preventive actions. To prevent HIV transmission in stable partnerships in this population, additional efforts are needed to increase HIV testing and condom use, to improve women's negotiation skills, and to develop new methods that do not require partner cooperation such as vaginal microbicides or vaccines. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Prov Publ Hlth Off, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Chiang Rai Hosp, Chiang Rai, Thailand. RP Xu, FJ (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, DMS 6 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. NR 19 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 25 IS 4 BP 353 EP 359 DI 10.1097/00126334-200012010-00010 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 383DE UT WOS:000165867200009 PM 11114836 ER PT J AU Quan, VM Chung, A Long, HT Dondero, TJ AF Quan, VM Chung, A Long, HT Dondero, TJ TI HIV in Vietnam: The evolving epidemic and the prevention response, 1996 through 1999 SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; Vietnam; Asia; prevalence; surveillance; epidemiology; trend; prevention ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; INJECTING DRUG-USERS; SUBTYPE-E; INFECTION; THAILAND; CAMBODIA; BANGKOK; AIDS AB Objectives: To describe epidemiologic patterns and trends in HIV infection in Vietnam from 1996 through 1999, and to summarize the national response to the epidemic. Methods: We reviewed nationwide HIV case reports, and we analyzed annual seroprevalence among different sentinel populations in 21 provinces, using the chi (2) test for linear trend to assess trends in HN prevalence. HIV prevention efforts were also reviewed. Results: Through 1999, 17,046 HIV infections, including 2947 AIDS cases and 1523 deaths had been reported in Vietnam. The cumulative incidence rate for the country was 22.5 per 100,000 population, Injection drug users (IDUs) represented 89.0% of all those for whom risk was reported before 1997 and 88.0% in the period 1997 to 1999, In 1999, HIV prevalence rates among IDUs ranged by province from 0% to 89.4%. Significantly increasing HN trends among IDUs (p <.05) were found in 14 of the 21 sentinel provinces during 1996 to 1999. HIV prevalence among commercial sex workers (CSWs) ranged from 0% to 13.2%, increased significantly in 6 of 21 provinces. In 1999, prevalence among pregnant women, blood donors, and military recruits were 0.12%, 0.20% and 0.61%, respectively. Major prevention activities include mass information; peer education and outreach among groups at increased risk; availability of low-cost syringes and condoms through pharmacies; needle exchange pilot projects; widely available treatment for sexually transmitted diseases; antibody screening of blood for transfusion; and free medical treatment at government hospitals. Discussion: The HIV epidemic continues to evolve rapidly, intensifying among IDUs and increasing among CSWs, Serosurveillance indicators of HN in the population at large continue to indicate the relatively slow extension beyond those at highest risk. Immediate, intensive preventions in high-risk groups may decelerate expansion to the broader population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl AIDS Comm Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam. Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Quan, VM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 25 IS 4 BP 360 EP 369 DI 10.1097/00126334-200012010-00011 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 383DE UT WOS:000165867200010 PM 11114837 ER PT J AU Bartley, DL Martinez, AB Baron, PA Secker, DR Hirst, E AF Bartley, DL Martinez, AB Baron, PA Secker, DR Hirst, E TI Droplet distortion in accelerating flow SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AERODYNAMIC PARTICLE SIZER; PERFORMANCE; AEROSOLS; DENSITY AB Several commercial instruments size particles based on their acceleration in a high-velocity flow field. Previous work suggested that droplet distortion in these instruments resulted in inaccurate sizing. Liquid aerosol droplet shape distortion produced in an accelerating flow field was therefore computed through analytical solution of the Navier-Stokes equation for comparison to experiment. A high-Reynolds-number empirical approximation to the pressure external to the droplet was used in these calculations. Within the droplet, the longest-lived excitations correspond to a quadrupolar distortion of shape. Droplet excitations were obtained in terms of aerosol diameter, viscosity, surface tension and density. At the largest viscosities considered (as in many oils), only a damped relaxation was found, whereas at lower viscosities and high surface tension (as in water) damped capillary oscillations were predicted as possible, given rapid shifts in the surrounding air flow. In order to compute the effect of airflow varying in time, an approximate Green's function was used. The Green's function in the frequency domain was approximated using only a pair of poles, thereby accounting for only the longest-lived excitations. In application of the theory to compute aerosol distortion on passage through an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) acceleration nozzle, the change in air velocity was found to be so gradual that no oscillations were induced for droplets as small as 20-mum diameter. Measurements of droplet undersizing in the APS compared favorably with the theoretical predictions. The theoretical results were also consistent with photographs of distorted oleic acid and only slightly distorted water droplets emerging from a nozzle. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Hertfordshire, Particle Instruments Res Grp, Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. RP Bartley, DL (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 31 IS 12 BP 1447 EP 1460 DI 10.1016/S0021-8502(00)00042-2 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 369KE UT WOS:000165063800006 ER PT J AU Casavant, K Scott, RD Painter, K AF Casavant, K Scott, RD Painter, K TI Measuring benefits for regional transit systems. SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O DEEVON BAILEY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, 3535 OLD MAIN HILL, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 1068-5502 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 25 IS 2 BP 729 EP 729 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 371AT UT WOS:000165156000133 ER PT J AU Beck, TJ Looker, AC Ruff, CB Sievanen, H Wahner, HW AF Beck, TJ Looker, AC Ruff, CB Sievanen, H Wahner, HW TI Structural trends in the aging femoral neck and proximal shaft: Analysis of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry data SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 07-11, 1996 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res DE hip structural geometry; age trends; subperiosteal expansion; section modulus; bone mass ID BONE-MINERAL DATA; HIP FRACTURE; VERTEBRAL FRACTURES; SEX-DIFFERENCES; RISK-FACTORS; US ADULTS; AGE; GEOMETRY; WOMEN; MASS AB Hip scans of U.S. adults aged 20-99 years acquired in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were analyzed with a structural analysis program. The program analyzes narrow (3 mm wide) regions at specific locations across the proximal femur to measure bone mineral density (BMD) as well as cross-sectional areas (CSAs), cross-sectional moments of inertia (CSMI), section moduli, subperiosteal widths, and estimated mean cortical thickness, Measurements are reported here on a non-Hispanic white subgroup of 2719 men and 2904 women for a cortical region across the proximal shaft 2 cm distal to the lesser trochanter and a mixed cortical/trabecular region across the narrowest point of the femoral neck. Apparent age trends in BMD and section modulus were studied for both regions by sex after correction for body weight. The BMD decline with age in the narrow neck was similar to that seen in the Hologic neck region; BMD in the shaft also declined, although at a slower rate. A different pattern was seen for section modulus; furthermore, this pattern depended on sex. Specifically, the section modulus at both the narrow neck and the shaft regions remains nearly constant until the fifth decade in females and then declined at a slower rate than BMD, In males, the narrow neck section modulus declined modestly until the fifth decade and then remained nearly constant whereas the shaft section modulus was static until the fifth decade and then increased steadily. The apparent mechanism for the discord between BMD and section modulus is a linear expansion in subperiosteal diameter in both sexes and in both regions, which tends to mechanically offset net loss of medullary bone mass. These results suggest that aging loss of bone mass in the hip does not necessarily mean reduced mechanical strength. Femoral neck section moduli in the elderly are on the average within 14% of young values in females and within 6% in males. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. UKK Inst, Tampere, Finland. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Beck, TJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Outpatient Ctr, Dept Radiol, 601 N Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR44655] NR 50 TC 274 Z9 278 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 15 IS 12 BP 2297 EP 2304 DI 10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.12.2297 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 376NH UT WOS:000165463300002 PM 11127194 ER PT J AU Loparev, VN McCaustland, K Holloway, BP Krause, PR Takayama, M Schmid, DS AF Loparev, VN McCaustland, K Holloway, BP Krause, PR Takayama, M Schmid, DS TI Rapid genotyping of varicella-zoster virus vaccine and wild-type strains with fluorophore-labeled hybridization probes SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; OKA STRAIN; PCR PRODUCT; CHILDREN; IDENTIFICATION; DNA; DIFFERENTIATION; IMMUNIZATION; LEUKEMIA AB We developed a single-tube rapid method for the detection and differentiation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine and wild-type strains that combines rapid-cycle PCR with wild-type-specific fluorescent probe melting profiles for product genotyping. A region including the polymorphic site in VZV open reading frame (ORF) 62 was amplified in the presence of two fluorescence-labeled hybridization probes. During the annealing step of the thermal cycling, both probes bound to their complementary sequences in the amplicon, resulting in resonance energy transfer, thus providing real-time fluorescence monitoring of PCR. Continuous acquisition of fluorescence data during a melting curve analysis at the completion of PCR revealed that loss of fluorescence occurred in a strain-specific manner as the detection probe, which was fully complementary to the wild-type VZV ORF 62 region, melted off the template. Use of this method allowed genotyping of samples within minutes after the completion of PCR, eliminating the need for post-PCR sample manipulation. In addition to reducing the time required to produce a result, this method substantially reduces the risk of contamination of the final product as well as the risk of sample tracking errors. The genotypes of 79 VZV-positive samples determined by this fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) method were identical to the genotypes obtained by conventional PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The genotyping of VZV strains by the FRET method is a rapid and reliable method that is suitable fbr typing and that is also practical for use for the processing of large numbers of specimens. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Loparev, VN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 37 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 38 IS 12 BP 4315 EP 4319 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 399ND UT WOS:000166818500003 PM 11101557 ER PT J AU Luperchio, SA Newman, JV Dangler, CA Schrenzel, MD Brenner, DJ Steigerwalt, AG Schauer, DB AF Luperchio, SA Newman, JV Dangler, CA Schrenzel, MD Brenner, DJ Steigerwalt, AG Schauer, DB TI Citrobacter rodentium, the causative agent of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia, exhibits clonality: Synonymy of C-rodentium and mouse-pathogenic Escherichia coli SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; FREUNDII BIOTYPE; EAE GENE; SP-NOV; INFECTION; MICE; RECEPTOR; CELLS; LOCUS AB Citrobacter rodentium (formerly Citrobacter freundii biotype 4280 and Citrobacter genomospecies 9) was described on the basis of biochemical characterization and DNA-DNA hybridization data and is the only Citrobacter species known to possess virulence factors homologous to those of the human pathogens enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and enterohemorrhagic E. coli, These virulence factors are encoded on the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), a pathogenicity island required for the characteristic attaching and effacing (AE) pathology seen in infection with these three pathogens. C. rodentium, which apparently infects only mice, provides a useful animal model for studying the molecular basis of AE pathology. No work has been done to assess differences in pathogenicity between C. rodentium isolates from diverse sources. Here, we report the examination of 15 C. rodentium isolates using a battery of genetic and biochemical approaches. No differences were observed between the isolates by repetitive-element sequence-based PCR analysis, biochemical analysis, and possession of LEE-specific virulence factors. These data suggest that members of the species are clonal. We further characterized an atypical E. coli strain from Japan called mouse-pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) that, in our hands, caused the same disease as C. rodentium. Applying the same battery of tests, we found that MPEC possesses LEE-encoded virulence factors and is indistinguishable from the previously characterized C. rodentium isolate DBS100. These results demonstrate that MPEC is a misclassified C. rodentium isolate and that members of this species are clonal and represent the only known attaching and effacing bacterial pathogen of mice. C1 MIT, Div Bioengn & Environm Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Div Comparat Med, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schauer, DB (reprint author), MIT, Div Bioengn & Environm Hlth, 77 Massachusetts Ave,Room 56-787B, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA63112, F32 CA076716, F32 CA76716]; NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES007020, Y02 ES007020] NR 35 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 38 IS 12 BP 4343 EP 4350 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 399ND UT WOS:000166818500008 PM 11101562 ER PT J AU McEllistrem, MC Pass, M Elliott, JA Whitney, CG Harrison, LH AF McEllistrem, MC Pass, M Elliott, JA Whitney, CG Harrison, LH TI Clonal groups of penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae in Baltimore, Maryland: a population-based, molecular epidemiologic study SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PNEUMOCOCCAL BACTEREMIA; VANCOMYCIN RESISTANCE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; UNITED-STATES; PATTERNS; SEROTYPES; ADULTS; COUNTY AB Few data are available on the molecular subtypes of all penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (PNSP) from a defined population base. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), serotyping, and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed for all available invasive PNSP isolates for which the penicillin (MIC) was greater than or equal to0.1 mug/ml from Baltimore, Md., during 1995-1996 (n = 143), The dendrogram analysis of PFGE patterns included 32 distinct clonal groups. Six major clonal groups included two-thirds of the PNSP strains. Major clonal groups 2, 3, 4, and 6 strains were genetically related to four previously described international clones and were all multidrug resistant. Major clonal group 3 was genetically related to the Tennessee(23)F-4 clone and contained all four strains for which the penicillin MIC was 8 mug/ml. Most of the clonal group 1 and 5 strains had intermediate susceptibility to penicillin and were rarely multidrug resistant. The latter clonal groups represent two previously undescribed penicillin-intermediate pneumococcal clones. Clonal group homogeneity was greater for serotype 9V, 19A, and 23F strains than for serotype 6A, 6B, 14, and 19F strains. The classification of PNSP strains into clonal groups iis essential for future population-based epidemiologic studies of PNSP. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Infect Dis Epidemiol Res Unit, Publ Hlth Infect Dis Lab, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McEllistrem, MC (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Infect Dis Epidemiol Res Unit, Publ Hlth Infect Dis Lab, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, 3471 5th Ave,501 Kaufmann Bldg, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 38 IS 12 BP 4367 EP 4372 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 399ND UT WOS:000166818500012 PM 11101566 ER PT J AU Johnson, RE Green, TA Schachter, J Jones, RB Hook, EW Black, CM Martin, DH St Louis, ME Stamm, WE AF Johnson, RE Green, TA Schachter, J Jones, RB Hook, EW Black, CM Martin, DH St Louis, ME Stamm, WE TI Evaluation of nucleic acid amplification tests as reference tests for Chlamydia trachomatis infections in asymptomatic men SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHAIN-REACTION ASSAY; FIRST-VOID URINE; DISCREPANT ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; TEST SENSITIVITY; BIAS; SPECIFICITY; PCR AB Urine ligase chain reaction (LCR) and PCR tests and urethral swab culture were compared for their abilities to detect Chlamydia trachomatis infection in 3,639 asymptomatic men by using one-, two-, and three-test reference standards. Frozen urine at four of five participating centers was also tested by a transcription-mediated amplification assay which was used as a reference test. LCR increased the yield of positive results by 27% and PCR increased the yield of positive results by 26% over the yield of positive results by culture (n = 295). LCR and PCR sensitivities were similar, ranging from 80.4 to 93.5%, depending on the reference standard. Culture sensitivity was substantially less. A multiple-test standard yielded LCR, PCR, and culture specificities of 99.6%, with or without discrepant analysis. Test performance varied among centers partly due to different interpretations of the testing protocols. The study confirms that urine LCR and PCR for the detection of C. trachomatis have substantially improved sensitivities over that of urethral swab culture for testing of asymptomatic men, enabling screening of this important target group. These tests, perhaps in combination, are also candidate reference tests for the conduct of test evaluation studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Med, New Orleans, LA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Johnson, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, MS E02,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 64 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 38 IS 12 BP 4382 EP 4386 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 399ND UT WOS:000166818500014 PM 11101568 ER PT J AU Quarleri, JF Robertson, BH Mathet, VL Feld, H Espinola, L Requeijo, MP Mando, O Carballal, G Oubina, JR AF Quarleri, JF Robertson, BH Mathet, VL Feld, H Espinola, L Requeijo, MP Mando, O Carballal, G Oubina, JR TI Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis C virus isolates from Argentine patients: A six-year retrospective study SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; 5' NONCODING REGION; HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; SUBTYPE 2C; HCV GENOME; GENOTYPES; PCR; INFECTION; SEQUENCE AB Typing of hepatitis C virus (HCV) isolates from Argentine patients was performed by using different methodologies in a population of 243 patients. HCV subtype was assigned based upon restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). HCV RNA genomes obtained from serum samples were classified as belonging to clade 1 (53.5%), 2 (23.0%), or 3 (8.6%); 14.8% of samples showed HCV mixed infections, more frequently implying different subtypes within the same clade. In addition to RFLP typing, phylogenetic relatedness among sequences from both 5' untranslated region (n = 50) and nonstructural 5B coding region (n = 15) was established. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Lab Hepatitis Virales, RA-1121 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. CEMIC, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Oubina, JR (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Lab Hepatitis Virales, Paraguay 2155,Piso 11, RA-1121 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NR 51 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 38 IS 12 BP 4560 EP 4568 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 399ND UT WOS:000166818500042 PM 11101596 ER PT J AU Hacek, DM Trick, WE Collins, SM Noskin, GA Peterson, LR AF Hacek, DM Trick, WE Collins, SM Noskin, GA Peterson, LR TI Comparison of the Rodac imprint method to selective enrichment broth for recovery of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from environmental surfaces SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE; FAECIUM; AGAR AB We compared the Rodac imprint technique to selective enrichment broth for detecting vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and multidrug-resistant Enterobactiaceae (MDRE) on surfaces. Rodac plates contained tryptic soy agar with 5% sheep blood, vancomycin (6 mug/ml), ceftazidime (2 mug/ml), amphotericin IS (2 mug/ml), and clindamycin (1 mug/ml). Two types of broth were used: brain heart infusion (BHI) and BHI plus vancomycin (6 mug/ml) and ceftazidime (2 mug/ml) (BHIVC). Of the 46 surfaces cultured for VRE, 12 (26%) sere positive. Of the 12 VRE-positive surfaces, 11 (92%) grew from Rodac, 8 (67%) grew from BHIVC, and 7 (58%) grew from BHI. A larger study is needed for MDRE, as only 4 of 43 surfaces were MDRE positive. The Rodac imprint technique successfully recovered VRE from environmental surfaces. C1 NW Mem Hosp, Northwestern Prevent EpiCtr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. NW Mem Hosp, Clin Microbiol Div, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. NW Mem Hosp, Dept Infect Control & PRevent, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. NW Mem Hosp, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hacek, DM (reprint author), NW Mem Hosp, Northwestern Prevent EpiCtr, Galter Carriage House,Suite 701,251 E Huron, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 38 IS 12 BP 4646 EP 4648 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 399ND UT WOS:000166818500059 PM 11101613 ER PT J AU Unger, ER AF Unger, ER TI Role of human papillomavirus detection in cervical neoplasia SO JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HISTOCHEMICAL SOC INC PI SEATTLE PA UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT BIOSTRUCTURE, BOX 357420, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA SN 0022-1554 J9 J HISTOCHEM CYTOCHEM JI J. Histochem. Cytochem. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 48 IS 12 MA 2 BP 1719 EP 1719 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 384BV UT WOS:000165919900016 ER PT J AU Chockalingam, A Chalmers, J Liu, LS Labarthe, D MacMahon, S Martin, I Whitworth, J AF Chockalingam, A Chalmers, J Liu, LS Labarthe, D MacMahon, S Martin, I Whitworth, J TI Prevention of cardiovascular diseases in developing countries: agenda for action (statement from a WHO-ISM Meeting in Beijing, October 1999) SO JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION LA English DT Editorial Material DE health system reform; public education; cardiovascular disease; developing countries; high blood pressure C1 Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Royal N Shore Hosp, Inst Int Hlth, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia. Chinese Acad Med Sci, Cardiovasc Inst, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. Fu Wai Hosp, Chinese Acad Med Sci, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Int Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Australian Natl Univ, John Curtin Sch Med Res, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Chockalingam, A (reprint author), 1375 Talcy Crescent, Orleans, ON K4A 3C4, Canada. NR 5 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0263-6352 J9 J HYPERTENS JI J. Hypertens. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1705 EP 1708 DI 10.1097/00004872-200018120-00001 PG 4 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 381DK UT WOS:000165746900001 PM 11132591 ER PT J AU Thorpe, LE Ouellet, LJ Levy, JR Williams, IT Monterroso, ER AF Thorpe, LE Ouellet, LJ Levy, JR Williams, IT Monterroso, ER TI Hepatitis C virus infection: Prevalence, risk factors, and prevention opportunities among young injection drug users in Chicago, 1997-1999 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epideminologic-Research CY JUN 10-12, 1999 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Soc Epideminol Res ID VIRAL-INFECTIONS; BALTIMORE; MARYLAND AB The prevalence, risk factors, and prevention opportunities of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were studied in a large sample of 698 young adult injection drug users (IDUs) in Chicago, 18-30 years old. Participants were recruited between 1997 and 1999 by using street outreach, targeted advertising, and chain-referral methods. HCV infection prevalence was 27% and was strongly associated with both age and duration of injecting (P < .001), In multivariable analysis, sexual behaviors were unrelated to seropositivity, Independent drug-related risk factors included frequent injection, heavy crack smoking, injecting in a shooting gallery, and syringe-mediated sharing. Urban residents were more likely than suburban residents to be infected. Most research on hepatitis C has shown rapid spread of infection among IDUs, but these findings underscore that opportunities to identify IDUs uninfected with HCV may be greater than assumed and emphasize the need to target younger, newer IDUs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Chicago, IL USA. RP Thorpe, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Elimat, MS-E10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 182 IS 6 BP 1588 EP 1594 DI 10.1086/317607 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 378QY UT WOS:000165596100002 PM 11069228 ER PT J AU Velazquez, FR Matson, DO Guerrero, ML Shults, J Calva, JJ Morrow, AL Glass, RI Pickering, LK Ruiz-Palacios, GM AF Velazquez, FR Matson, DO Guerrero, ML Shults, J Calva, JJ Morrow, AL Glass, RI Pickering, LK Ruiz-Palacios, GM TI Serum antibody as a marker of protection against natural rotavirus infection and disease SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NATURALLY ACQUIRED ROTAVIRUS; DAY-CARE-CENTERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; NORWALK VIRUS; DIARRHEA; VACCINE; INFANTS; ACQUISITION; MICE AB To determine whether naturally acquired serum IgA and IgG antibodies were associated with protection against rotavirus infection and illness, a cohort of 200 Mexican infants was monitored weekly for rotavirus excretion and diarrhea from birth to age 2 years. Serum samples collected during the first week after birth and every 4 months were tested for antirotavirus IgA and IgG. Children with an IgA titer >1:800 had a lower risk of rotavirus infection (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 0.21; P < .001) and diarrhea (aRR, 0.16; P = .01) and were protected completely against moderate-to-severe diarrhea, However, children with an IgG titer >1:6400 were protected against rotavirus infection (aRR, 0.51; P <, .001) but not against rotavirus diarrhea. Protective antibody titers were achieved after 2 consecutive symptomatic or asymptomatic rotavirus infections. These findings indicate that serum anti-rotavirus antibody, especially IgA, was a marker of protection against rotavirus infection and moderate-to-severe diarrhea. C1 Inst Nacl Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Dept Infect Dis, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. Childrens Hosp Kings Daughters, Ctr Pediat Res, Norfolk, VA USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Unit, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ruiz-Palacios, GM (reprint author), Inst Nacl Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Dept Infect Dis, Vasco Quiroga 15,Delegac Tlalpan, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-13021] NR 45 TC 113 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 182 IS 6 BP 1602 EP 1609 DI 10.1086/317619 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 378QY UT WOS:000165596100004 PM 11069230 ER PT J AU Schwartz, DA Sungkarat, S Shaffer, N Laosakkitiboran, J Supapol, W Charoenpanich, P Chuangsuwanich, T Mastro, TD AF Schwartz, DA Sungkarat, S Shaffer, N Laosakkitiboran, J Supapol, W Charoenpanich, P Chuangsuwanich, T Mastro, TD TI Placental abnormalities associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and perinatal transmission in Bangkok, Thailand SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFANT HIV TRANSMISSION; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SEROPOSITIVE WOMEN; PREGNANT-WOMEN; RISK-FACTORS; VILLITIS; COHORT; DETERMINANTS AB The effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 on the placenta and the role of the placenta in mother-to-child HIV-I transmission are not well understood. Placentas from 78 HIV-infected and 158 HIV-uninfected women were examined as part of a prospective perinatal HIV transmission study in Bangkok. HIV-infected women were more likely than HIV-uninfected women to have chorioamnionitis (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; P = .03), placental membrane inflammation (PMI; OR, 2.7; P = .02), and deciduitis (OR, 2.3; P = .03) and less likely to have villitis (OR, 0.3; P = .02). However, among HIV-infected women, fewer women who transmitted infection to their child had chorioamnionitis (relative risk [RR], 0.2; P = .03), funisitis (RR, 0.4; P = .1), or PMI (RR undefined; P = .03). These findings suggest that, in this population, HIV-infected women are at increased risk for placental membrane inflammatory lesions, but that placental inflammatory lesions are not associated with increased perinatal HIV transmission. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Pathol, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Shaffer, N (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS, MS E-07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-32341-01] NR 40 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 182 IS 6 BP 1652 EP 1657 DI 10.1086/317634 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 378QY UT WOS:000165596100010 PM 11069236 ER PT J AU Grob, P Jilg, W Bornhak, H Gerken, G Gerlich, W Gunther, S Hess, G Hudig, H Kitchen, A Margolis, H Michel, G Trepo, C Will, H Zanetti, A Mushahwar, I AF Grob, P Jilg, W Bornhak, H Gerken, G Gerlich, W Gunther, S Hess, G Hudig, H Kitchen, A Margolis, H Michel, G Trepo, C Will, H Zanetti, A Mushahwar, I TI Serological pattern "anti-HBc alone": Report on a workshop SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HBV markers; HBV serology; anti-HBc; "anti-HBc alone" ID HEPATITIS-B VIRUS; ACUTE VIRAL-HEPATITIS; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; C VIRUS; CORE ANTIGEN; BLOOD-DONORS; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; INFECTION; HBSAG; MUTANT AB In areas with low hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemicity such as most parts of Europe and the United States "anti-HBc alone" is found in 10-20% of all individuals with HBV markers, i.e., 1-4% of the population. In about 10% of these individuals HBV DNA is detected by PCR, the proportions varying greatly depending on the population studied, being highest in individuals coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) (above 35%) and HIV (above 85%). A small proportion of individuals with "anti-HBc alone" are in the window phase of an HBV infection or in a stage of late HBV immunity. For the large proportion of these individuals this is not the case and they are thought to have an unresolved HBV-infection or a chronic infection in a late or "low grade" productive state. Currently, limited studies have been performed concerning the clinical aspects of individuals with "anti-HBc alone" and suspected chronic HBV infection. The majority of these individuals seem to be healthy. Some chronic carriers with "anti-HBc alone," however, do present signs of chronic hepatitis. individuals with "anti-HBc alone" are potentially infectious. This is exemplified by a few case reports of HBV transmission to sexual contacts, perinatal transmission between mother and newborns and in blood recipients. Recommendations are given in relation to both the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in the individuals with "anti-HBc alone" and in the blood banking and transplantation services. J. Med. Virol 62:450-455, 2000. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Med, CH-8044 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Regensburg, Inst Med Microbiol & Hyg, D-8400 Regensburg, Germany. Paul Ehrlich Inst, D-6070 Langen, Germany. Univ Essen Gesamthsch, Med Clin, D-4300 Essen 1, Germany. Univ Giessen, Inst Med Virol, D-35390 Giessen, Germany. Bernhard Nocht Inst Trop Med, Hamburg, Germany. Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, D-6800 Mannheim, Germany. Roche Diagnost Syst, Basel, Switzerland. Natl Blood Serv London, London, England. SE Zonal Transfus Microbiol Reference Lab, London, England. Ctr Dis Control, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Abbott GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany. Hop Hotel Dieu, Hepatitis Res & Liver Unit, F-69288 Lyon, France. Univ Hamburg, Heinrich Pette Inst Expt Virol & Immunol, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Milan, Inst Virol, I-20122 Milan, Italy. Abbott Labs, N Chicago, IL 60064 USA. RP Grob, P (reprint author), Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Med, Haldeliweg 4, CH-8044 Zurich, Switzerland. NR 54 TC 166 Z9 177 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 62 IS 4 BP 450 EP 455 DI 10.1002/1096-9071(200012)62:4<450::AID-JMV9>3.0.CO;2-Y PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 369PX UT WOS:000165077100009 PM 11074473 ER PT J AU Morris, MS Jacques, PF Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J Bowman, BA Gunter, EW Wright, JD Johnson, CL AF Morris, MS Jacques, PF Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J Bowman, BA Gunter, EW Wright, JD Johnson, CL TI Serum total homocysteine concentration is related to self-reported heart attack or stroke history among men and women in the NHANES III SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE homocysteine; myocardial infarction; stroke; survey; humans ID PLASMA HOMOCYST(E)INE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; VASCULAR-DISEASE; FOLIC-ACID; RISK; PHYSICIANS AB High circulating total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration, which is influenced by folate and vitamin B-12 status, is a suspected cause of cardiovascular events. This relation has been investigated in both case-control and prospective studies but has not been evaluated for different sex x age subgroups of the general U.S. population. We used data on adult (i.e., aged greater than or equal to 40 y) male (n = 1097) and female (n = 1107) participants in the third National Health end Nutrition Examination Survey, excluding diabetics and those supplemented with estrogen, vitamins or minerals, to evaluate the association between serum tHcy concentration and self-report of heart attack or stroke, After adjustment for age, race-ethnicity, smoking, blood pressure, blood pressure medication, body mass index and serum concentrations of creatinine and cholesterol, past events were reported 2.4 (95% confidence interval 1.0-5.5) times as often by men with tHcy concentration of >12 mu mol/L as by men with lower values. The odds ratio for women was 2.6 (95% confidence interval 1.1-6.6) after adjustment for the same factors plus menopausal status. A stronger relation in men aged less than or equal to 60 y compared with older men may help reconcile conflicting results of earlier studies. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Ctr Environm Hlth, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Morris, MS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01-HL-52630] NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 130 IS 12 BP 3073 EP 3076 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 383CU UT WOS:000165866200035 PM 11110872 ER PT J AU Morgan, UM Xiao, LH Hill, BD O'Donoghue, P Limor, J Lal, A Thompson, RCA AF Morgan, UM Xiao, LH Hill, BD O'Donoghue, P Limor, J Lal, A Thompson, RCA TI Detection of the Cryptosporidium parvum "human" genotype in a dugong (Dugong dugon) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURVIVAL; SEAWATER; OOCYSTS AB The Cryptosporidium "human" genotype was identified in a paraffin-embedded tissue section from a dugong (Dugong dugon) by 2 independent laboratories. DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene and the acetyl CoA synthethase gene clearly identified the genotype as that of the Cryptosporidium variant that infects humans. This is the first report of the human Cryptosporidium genotype in a nonprimate host. C1 Murdoch Univ, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Mol Epidemiol Parasit Infect, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Murdoch Univ, Div Vet & Biomed Sci, State Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Rockhampton Vet Lab, Rockhampton, Qld 4702, Australia. Univ Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. RP Morgan, UM (reprint author), Murdoch Univ, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Mol Epidemiol Parasit Infect, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. RI O'Donoghue, Peter/G-1043-2011; Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 14 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1352 EP 1354 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[1352:DOTCPH]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 388MF UT WOS:000166184200030 PM 11191916 ER PT J AU Fagot-Campagna, A AF Fagot-Campagna, A TI Emergence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children: Epidemiological evidence SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Symposium on Growth Hormone and Growth Factors in Endocrinology and Metabolism CY APR 07-08, 2000 CL MARRAKECH, MOROCCO DE adolescents; children; epidemiology; insulin resistance; obesity; public health; type 2 diabetes mellitus ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO; PREVALENCE; NIDDM; ONSET; ADOLESCENTS; AMERICAN; CHINESE; PEOPLE AB There have been numerous recent reports of case series of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in American Indian, African-American, Hispanic, Asian-American and white children from North America. A similar phenomenon has also been described in several other countries, Prevalence and incidence estimates vary depending on the age and ethnicity of the population, but it is estimated that type 2 DM represents 8-45% of patients with DM currently diagnosed in large US pediatric centers; however, this is likely to be an underestimation and incidence is probably rising. The young patients diagnosed with type 2 DM in the USA were generally overweight, had a strong family history of type 2 DM and often had signs of insulin resistance. The majority belonged to ethnic groups at high risk for type 2 DM, More girls than boys were diagnosed, The few data on follow-up available suggest a high prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular complications among young adults who developed type 2 DM during childhood. Type 2 DM in children has recently been recognized as a potential public health problem in North America. As obesity is currently on the increase in several industrialized or industrializing countries, a similar increase in type 2 DM in children may soon emerge worldwide, and this will require preventative measures. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Fagot-Campagna, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE MS-K68, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 35 TC 172 Z9 181 U1 1 U2 10 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI LONDON PA STE 500, CHESHAM HOUSE, 150 REGENT ST, LONDON W1R 5FA, ENGLAND SN 0334-018X J9 J PEDIATR ENDOCR MET JI J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 13 SU 6 BP 1395 EP 1402 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pediatrics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pediatrics GA 395QN UT WOS:000166592400013 PM 11202215 ER PT J AU Green, MD Mount, DL Wirtz, RA White, NJ AF Green, MD Mount, DL Wirtz, RA White, NJ TI A colorimetric field method to assess the authenticity of drugs sold as the antimalarial artesunate SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE artesunate; artesunic acid; artemisinins; colorimetric; malaria; fast red TR; diazonium salt ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; QINGHAOSU; ARTEMISININ; MALARIA; PLASMA AB Artesunate is the most widely used of the artemisinin derivatives. These drugs are being used increasingly throughout the tropical world, and are an essential component of the treatment of multi-drug resistant malaria. The recent and widespread appearance of counterfeit artesunate tablets in several countries in Southeast Asia poses a serious threat to health in this region. We have developed a simple, inexpensive colorimetric test to determine artesunate authenticity in tablets. The test is based on a reaction between an alkali decomposition product of artesunate and a diazonium salt, fast red TR (FRTR). The appearance of a yellow color indicates the presence of artesunate. The specificity of the test is dependent on the pH of the reaction. Among other antimalarials tested, (i.e. artemisinin, artemether, chloroquine, quinine, primaquine, sulfadoxine, and pyrimethamine) only artesunate produced a positive color reaction at pH 4. The assay requires only 1% of the total weight of a standard tablet containing 50 mg of artesunate and can be completed within 10 min. The method was tested on six genuine artesunate tablets and six counterfeit artesunate tablets obtained in Southeast Asia. The average amount of artesunate in the genuine tablets was determined to be 50.8 +/- 2.9 mg while the counterfeit tablets were found to contain no artesunate. (C) Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Green, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop F-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0731-7085 J9 J PHARMACEUT BIOMED JI J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 24 IS 1 BP 65 EP 70 DI 10.1016/S0731-7085(00)00360-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 377WZ UT WOS:000165550400008 PM 11108540 ER PT J AU Griffin, SO Gooch, BF Beltran, E Sutherland, JN Barsley, R AF Griffin, SO Gooch, BF Beltran, E Sutherland, JN Barsley, R TI Dental services, costs, and factors associated with hospitalization for Medicaid-eligible children, Louisiana 1996-97 SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE Medicaid; childhood caries; hospitalization; cost ID HEAD-START CHILDREN; BOTTLE TOOTH-DECAY; CARIES; PREVALENCE AB Objective: This study compared types and costs of dental services rendered to children who had received care in a hospital operating room (H) with children who had not (NH). Methods: The study population consisted of all children aged 1-5 years who received a dental service reimbursed by the Louisiana Medicaid EPSDT program from October 1996 through September 1997. Claim files were provided by the Louisiana Bureau of Health Services Financing. A treatment intensify index [TII = 3*(# extractions) + 2*(# pulpotomies + # crowns) + # simple restorations] was calculated for H children (n = 2, 142) and NH children (n = 38,423). Using logistic regression, a dichotomous hospitalization variable (H vs NH) was regressed against treatment intensity and selected personal and parish (county) characteristics for each of the five age groups. Total and average reimbursement per child were calculated for both groups of children, by age. Results: The mean treatment intensity scores for H and NH children were 24.02 (SD = 11.82) and 2.16 (SD = 4.78), respectively. For all age groups, children with treatment intensity scores greater than 8 were at least 132 times more likely to be hospitalized than were children with scores less than or equal to 8. The mean cost for care provided to H children was $1,508 compared with $104 for NH. Total costs for denial care rendered to H children (5% of the study population) were $3,229,851 (45% of fetal dental costs for the study population). Conclusion: Reducing severe caries through early interventions could provide substantial cost savings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth Surveillance, Invest & Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Louisiana Dept Hlth & Hosp, Baton Rouge, LA 70821 USA. RP Griffin, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth Surveillance, Invest & Res Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 26 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AAPHD NATIONAL OFFICE PI PORTLAND PA 3760 SW LYLE COURT, PORTLAND, OR 97221 USA SN 0022-4006 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT JI J. Public Health Dent. PD WIN PY 2000 VL 60 IS 1 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2000.tb03287.x PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 295DT UT WOS:000085952000005 PM 10734612 ER PT J AU Steinberg, S Fleming, P AF Steinberg, S Fleming, P TI The geographic distribution of AIDS in the United States: Is there a rural epidemic? SO JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; HIV-INFECTION; NORTH-CAROLINA; MIGRATION; URBAN; CARE; PREVALENCE; PHYSICIANS; EXPERIENCE; MORTALITY AB The goal of this study was to examine where people with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States live and the degree to which AIDS is present in rural areas. AIDS cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1996 were categorized by metropolitan statistical area (MSA) size and compared to the general population. Data were analyzed by region, race/ethnicity and risk exposure; AIDS incidence rates were compared over time by MSA size. Relative to the U.S. population, AIDS cases were disproportionately black (43 percent vs. 11 percent), male (80 percent vs. 48 percent), and from the Northeast (32 percent vs. 20 percent). In all regions, a greater proportion of AIDS cases reside in large MSAs compared with the general population. Risk exposures differ little by MSA size, except in the Northeast. The proportion of people with AIDS who reside in large MSAs exceeds the proportion of the population in those areas, especially when race/ethnicity is considered. AIDS rates have increased in non-MSAs relative to large MSAs, yet do not indicate that the epidemic is increasing rapidly in rural areas. Fewer AIDS cases are reported from smaller communities, yet require medical and social services that may burden the rural health care system. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV AIDS Surveillance Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Steinberg, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RURAL HEALTH ASSOC PI KANSAS CITY PA ONE WEST ARMOUR BLVD, STE 301, KANSAS CITY, MO 64111 USA SN 0890-765X J9 J RURAL HEALTH JI J. Rural Health PD WIN PY 2000 VL 16 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2000.tb00432.x PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 353YD UT WOS:000089302300002 PM 10916311 ER PT J AU Lansky, A Nakashima, AK Diaz, T Fann, SA Conti, L Herr, M Smith, D Karon, J Jones, JL Ward, JW AF Lansky, A Nakashima, AK Diaz, T Fann, SA Conti, L Herr, M Smith, D Karon, J Jones, JL Ward, JW TI Human immunodeficiency virus infection in rural areas and small cities of the Southeast: Contributions of migration and behavior SO JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE PROJECT; PATIENT MIGRATION; UNITED-STATES; HIV-INFECTION; AIDS; IMPACT; URBAN AB The design of education and prevention strategies to stem the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in rural areas depends on having accurate patterns of risk behavior and transmission in local areas. Interviews were conducted with people in rural areas and small cities in Delaware, Florida, Georgia and South Carolina who were at least 18 years old and infected with HN in order to describe demographic characteristics, migration patterns and risk behaviors. Interviews were conducted with 608 people. Most respondents were male (66 percent), black (63 percent of men, 85 percent of women) and had been infected through sexual contact (67 percent of men, 66 percent of women). Most (65 percent) had lived away from a rural area or small city for at least one month; of those, 71 percent had moved from an urban area. Twenty-seven percent of respondents indicated they had been infected locally. People with a history of injection drug use were less likely to have been infected locally than those rc,ho had no history of injection drug use (6 percent vs. 26 percent among men, 3 percent vs. 40 percent among women, P<0.001). Further understanding of the role of socioeconomic factors in HIV transmission in rural areas and small cities is needed. Programs designed to prevent HIV acquisition among people living in rural areas and small cities in the Southeast should focus on sexual behavior. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Special Projects Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Supplement HIV AIDS Surveillance Project, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Florida Dept Hlth, HIV AIDS Suveillance Project, Tallahassee, FL USA. Delaware Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Supplement HIV AIDS Surveillance Project, Wilmington, DE USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Supplement HIV AIDS Surveillance Project, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Stat & Data Management Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Branch, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lansky, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Special Projects Sect, Mailstop E47,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RURAL HEALTH ASSOC PI KANSAS CITY PA ONE WEST ARMOUR BLVD, STE 301, KANSAS CITY, MO 64111 USA SN 0890-765X J9 J RURAL HEALTH JI J. Rural Health PD WIN PY 2000 VL 16 IS 1 BP 20 EP 30 DI 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2000.tb00433.x PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 353YD UT WOS:000089302300003 PM 10916312 ER PT J AU Yaroch, AL Resnicow, K Petty, AD Khan, LK AF Yaroch, AL Resnicow, K Petty, AD Khan, LK TI Validity and reliability of a modified qualitative dietary fat index in low-income, overweight, African American adolescent girls SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; CHOLESTEROL AVOIDANCE; BEHAVIORAL-APPROACH; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; VALIDATION; EDUCATION; CHILDREN; HABITS; SCALE AB This study evaluated the validity and reliability of a modified qualitative dietary fat index questionnaire (QFQ) in an adolescent minority population. The QFQ was administered to study participants twice over a 2-week period, and data were compared with mean values from three 24-hour recalls. Fifty-seven low-income, overweight, African American adolescent girls, aged 11 to 17 years, were recruited from 7 public housing developments in Atlanta, Georgia. To determine validity, the total QFQ score was compared-with the mean values of total fat, percentage of energy from fat, and total energy from three 24-hour recalls within 2 weeks of first administration of the QFQ. Reliability was tested in a subsample (n=22) by comparing total QFQ scores administered 2 weeks apart. Total fat was significantly correlated (r=0.31, P<.05) with the QFQ score. Total energy (r=20.23) and percentage of energy from fat (r= -0.23) were not significantly correlated with the QFQ score. The test-retest QFQ scores were significantly correlated (r=0.54, P<.01). The data suggest that additional modifications are needed to make the QFQ more appropriate for low-income, overweight, African American adolescent girls. C1 AMC Canc Res Ctr, Ctr Behav & Commun Studies, Lakewood, CO 80214 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yaroch, AL (reprint author), AMC Canc Res Ctr, Ctr Behav & Commun Studies, 1600 Pierce St, Lakewood, CO 80214 USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 100 IS 12 BP 1525 EP 1529 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(00)00422-3 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 460MQ UT WOS:000170311700020 PM 11138446 ER PT J AU McCann, JJ Hebert, LE Beckett, LA Morris, MC Scherr, PA Evans, DA AF McCann, JJ Hebert, LE Beckett, LA Morris, MC Scherr, PA Evans, DA TI Comparison of informal caregiving by black and white older adults in a community population SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Gerontological-Society-of-America CY NOV 19-23, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Gerontol Soc Amer DE caregiving prevalence; older caregivers; informal care; racial differences; population study ID HEALTH; CARE; PREVALENCE; AMERICANS; DEMENTIA AB OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence of informal caregiving and demographic factors associated with caregiving time in older community residents and compare caregiving prevalence and time spent providing care by black and white residents. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, population-based study. SETTING: The study was conducted as part of the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP) in a geographically defined community of black and white residents aged 65 and older. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 5924 community residents (61.4% black; 38.6% white) who answered questions about informal caregiving responsibilities during a structured interview about a broad range of health and social factors. METHODS: Data were collected during an in-home interview, Multiple logistic and linear regression models were used to examine the association between caregiving and race, gender, age, marital status, and education. RESULTS: More than 16% of residents had provided care to others during the previous 12 months, and 10.3% were currently providing care. Compared with whites, blacks were 30% more likely to be caregivers, spent almost 13 more hours each week in caregiving activities, and were more likely to assist friends. The probability of caregiving increased significantly with age for married persons, decreased with age for unmarried persons, and was lower for men compared with women. The time spent providing care each week increased significantly with age for married persons and did not differ between men and women. CONCLUSIONS: Although physicians and other healthcare providers typically view older people as the recipients of informal care, individuals older than age 65 provide a substantial amount of care to others with health problems and disability, Most research has focused on the needs of young and middle-aged caregivers, and little is known about the needs of these older caregivers. Future research should use sampling strategies that provide adequate numbers of whits and non-white participants for meaningful comparisons. This will permit identification of racial and cultural differences in caregiving so that interventions can be tailored to specific groups. C1 Rush Univ, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Coll Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Coll Nursing, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McCann, JJ (reprint author), Rush Univ, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Coll Med, 1645 W Jackson,Suite 675, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG10315, AG11101, AG11862] NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 48 IS 12 BP 1612 EP 1617 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 409EH UT WOS:000167371200011 PM 11129751 ER PT J AU Clark, GG Martinez, HQ Rangel, YN AF Clark, GG Martinez, HQ Rangel, YN TI Mosquito vector control and biology in Latin America - A tenth symposium SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE mosquitoes; mosquito control; Aedes; Anopheles; Culex; Lutzomyia; Triatoma; scorpions; Chironomus resistance AB The 10th annual Latin American symposium presented by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) was held as part of the 66th Annual Meeting in Atlantic City, NJ, in March 2000. The principal objective, as for the previous 9 symposia, was to promote participation in the AMCA by vector control specialists, public health workers, and academicians from Latin America. This publication includes summaries of 57 presentations that were given orally in Spanish or presented as posters by participants from 9 countries in Latin America. Topics addressed in the symposium included results from chemical and biological control programs and studies; studies of insecticide resistance; and molecular ecological, and behavioral studies of vectors of dengue (Aedes aegypti), malaria (Anopheles albimanus and Anopheles aquasalis), leishmaniasis (Lutzomyia), and Chagas' disease (Triatoma). Related topics included biology and control of scorpions and Chironomus plumosus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. Univ Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Entomol Lab, San Nicolas De Los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Cent Univ Venezuela, Inst Zool Trop, Lab Biol Vectores, Caracas, Venezuela. RP Clark, GG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 2200 E PRIEN LAKE RD, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70601 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 16 IS 4 BP 295 EP 312 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 393DR UT WOS:000166454400004 ER PT J AU Ocampo, CB Brogdon, WG Orrego, CM Toro, G Montoya-Lerma, J AF Ocampo, CB Brogdon, WG Orrego, CM Toro, G Montoya-Lerma, J TI Insecticide susceptibility in Anopheles pseudopunctipennis from Colombia: Comparison between bioassays and biochemical assays SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Anopheles pseudopunctipennis; resistance; esterases; oxidases; surveillance ID MICROPLATE ASSAY; CARBAMATE RESISTANCE; ALBIMANUS MOSQUITOS; FIELD POPULATIONS; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; VECTOR AB Anopheles pseudopunctipennis, one of the primary vectors of malaria in the southwest of Colombia, was evaluated for susceptibility to the 3 major insecticide groups (organophosphates, pyrethroids, and carbamates) by bioassay and biochemical assay. Larval populations, which were collected principally from irrigation channels in agricultural areas, where the intensity of insecticide use varied, were utilized to establish susceptibility for the Ist time in this species. The baselines for each population showed a range of biological susceptibility to the insecticides evaluated, but overall no resistance was detected according to standards established by the World Health Organization. The high sensitivity of biochemical microassays enabled the detection of a small proportion of mosquitoes with higher levels of nonspecific esterases and mixed-function oxidases from 2 areas where agricultural application of organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides had been heavy. These differences were not sufficient to affect susceptibility as measured by bioassay. No evidence of insensitive acetylcholinesterase was observed. Absence of resistance in areas that have experienced heavy insecticide application could be explained by genetic drift, by gene flow from areas without insecticide pressure, by manner of exposure to the insecticides, or by recent changes in agricultural activities that decreased insecticide use. Baseline values were established that serve as provisional susceptibility thresholds for applying simple Centers for Disease Control and Prevention biochemical assay and bioassay methods to larvae of this anopheline species. C1 Ctr Int Entrenamiento & Invest Med, Cali, Colombia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, DPD, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ocampo, CB (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Trop Med, 1501 Canal St,5th Floor, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. OI Montoya-Lerma, James/0000-0003-2122-1323 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 2200 E PRIEN LAKE RD, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70601 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 16 IS 4 BP 331 EP 338 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 393DR UT WOS:000166454400008 PM 11198920 ER PT J AU Al-Humadi, NH Shvedova, AA Battelli, L Diotte, N Castranova, V Kommineni, C AF Al-Humadi, NH Shvedova, AA Battelli, L Diotte, N Castranova, V Kommineni, C TI Dermal and systemic toxicity after application of semisynthetic metal-working fluids in B6C3F1 mice SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article ID HYDROPEROXIDE GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; PROTEIN OXIDATION; ASCORBIC-ACID; FREE-RADICALS; RAT TESTIS; ETHANOL; INJURY AB About 10 million industrial workers of both sexes are exposed to metal-working fluids (MWFs) via inhalation, skin or both. Our preliminary results, following dermal application of 200 mul of 50% unused (neat) semisynthetic MWF ( pH 7 or pH 9.7) to the unshaved backs of 6-wk-old B6C3F1 mice, twice a week for 6 wk, produced significant increase in weights of the liver of both sexes. The purpose of the present study was to determine if this weight change was related to oxidative stress subsequent to MWF exposure and also to determine whether ethanol intake influences this effect. Therefore, 6-mo-old mice of both sexes were exposed to MWFs following the protocol just described, except that the topical application was with 5% MWFs (pH 7 and 9.7, 5 d/wk) with or without adding 5% ethanol to their drinking water (7 d/wk) for 13 wk. The skin histamine levels and mast-cell numbers were significantly increased in the female group treated with 5% MWF (pH 7). The ascorbic acid levels in the liver (both sexes) (all groups except 5% MWF pH 9.7 males) and testes were reduced significantly. Malondialdehyde levels in the male liver were significantly increased with topical MWF exposure. Glutathione levels were reduced significantly in both male and female liver after 5% MWF (pH 7). Alcohol dehydrogenase activity of the male liver increased significantly after MWF (pH 7). These results suggest that MWFs are absorbed through the skin and produce toxicity in the liver of both sexes and in the male gonads. This may represent an important health risk to MWF-exposed industrial workers, and ethanol may exacerbate this risk. C1 CDC, PPRB, Hlth Effects Lab Div, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Kommineni, C (reprint author), CDC, PPRB, Hlth Effects Lab Div, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD DEC PY 2000 VL 61 IS 7 BP 579 EP 589 DI 10.1080/00984100050194108 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 375AZ UT WOS:000165378500003 PM 11127413 ER PT J AU Liu, HM Zheng, DP Zhang, LB Oberste, MS Pallansch, MA Kew, OM AF Liu, HM Zheng, DP Zhang, LB Oberste, MS Pallansch, MA Kew, OM TI Molecular evolution of a type 1 wild-vaccine poliovirus recombinant during widespread circulation in China SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; IMMUNODEFICIENT PATIENT; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; RNA PROBES; RATES; IDENTIFICATION; POLIOMYELITIS; LIKELIHOOD; PICORNAVIRUSES; HYBRIDIZATION AB Type 1 wild-vaccine recombinant polioviruses were isolated from poliomyelitis patients in China from 1991 to 1993. We compared the sequences of 34 recombinant isolates over the 1,353-nucleotide (nt) genomic interval (nt 2480 to 3832) encoding the major capsid protein, VP1, and the protease, 2A. All recombinants had a 367-nt block of sequence (nt 3271 to 3637) derived from the Sabin I oral poliovirus vaccine strain spanning the 3'-terminal sequences of VP1 (115 nt) and the 5' half of 2A (252 nt). The remaining VP1 sequences were closely (up to 99.5%) related to those of a major genotype of wild type 1 poliovirus endemic to China up to 1994. In contrast, the non-vaccine-derived sequences at the 3' half of 2A were more distantly related (< 90% nucleotide sequence match) to those of other contemporary wild polioviruses from China. The vaccine-derived sequences of the earliest (April 1991) isolates completely matched those of Sabin 1. Later isolates diverged from the early isolates primarily by accumulation of synonymous base substitutions (at a rate of similar to3.7 x 10(-2) substitutions per synonymous site per year) over the entire VP1-2A interval. Distinct evolutionary lineages were found in different Chinese provinces. From the combined epidemiologic and evolutionary analyses, we propose that the recombinant virus arose during mixed infection of a single individual in northern China in early 1991 and that its progeny spread by multiple independent chains of transmission into some of the most populous areas of China within a year of the initiating infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enterovirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Vaccine & Serum Inst, Beijing 100024, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Inst Virol, Natl Poliovirus Reference Ctr, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. RP Liu, HM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enterovirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 50 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 74 IS 23 BP 11153 EP 11161 DI 10.1128/JVI.74.23.11153-11161.2000 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 461LM UT WOS:000170365800033 PM 11070012 ER PT J AU Brown, BA Oberste, MS Alexander, JP Kennett, ML Pallansch, MA AF Brown, BA Oberste, MS Alexander, JP Kennett, ML Pallansch, MA TI Molecular epidemiology and evolution of enterovirus 71 strains isolated from 1970 to 1998 (vol 73, pg 9969, 1999) SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Victorian Infect Dis Reference Lab, Melbourne, Vic 3051, Australia. RP Brown, BA (reprint author), US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 74 IS 24 BP 12003 EP 12003 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 461LN UT WOS:000170365900072 ER PT J AU Brett, KM Haynes, SG AF Brett, KM Haynes, SG TI Women's and minority health statistics at the state level: A new approach to data dissemination from the National Center for Health Statistics SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. US Dept HHS, Off Womens Hlth, Washington, DC 20201 USA. RP Brett, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Epidemiol, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 730, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 9 IS 10 BP 1049 EP 1053 DI 10.1089/152460900445956 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 390WH UT WOS:000166321400002 PM 11153100 ER PT J AU Zhou, G Whong, WZ Ong, T Chen, B AF Zhou, G Whong, WZ Ong, T Chen, B TI Development of a fungus-specific PCR assay for detecting low-level fungi in an indoor environment SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE fungus-specific primer; indoor fungi; 18 S rRNA; PCR; indoor air quality ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MOLECULAR PROBES; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; DNA; CONIDIA; BLOOD; SYSTEM AB A fungus-specific PCR assay using only one primer set has been developed for detecting indoor fungi. Four fungal primer sets, NS3/NS4, NS5/NS6, FF1/FR1 and FF2/FR1, were tested with DNA from humans, rats, mice, bacteria, pollens and six commonly found fungal species (Alternaria chamydospora, Aspergillus flavus, Candida famata, Cladosporium fermentans, Penicillium chrycogenum and Stachybotrys chartarum). Results indicated that, although all four primer sets could amplify the fungal DNA, only FF2/FR1 demonstrated no cross-amplification with non-fungal DNA. In addition, these amplified fragments were sequenced to ensure that they indeed matched known fungal DNA sequences. Furthermore, besides the tested fungi, eighteen more genera of fungal sequences were examined and found to match the FF2/FR1. Here, the method of bead-beating was identified as the most effective way for spore breakage and fungal DNA release. The PCR amplification efficiency and potential inhibition were examined using different process solutions and preparation procedures. It was found that, when using 20% nutrient media and homogenization-first procedure, a higher amplification efficiency with less inhibition was achieved. Although positive bands were observed at 0.2 fungal spore/reaction using the homogenization-first procedure, the sensitivity of this assay would be two fungal spores/reaction for environmental samples. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Exposure Assessment Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. China Univ Med Sci, Dept Toxicol, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China. RP Chen, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Exposure Assessment Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 31 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD DEC PY 2000 VL 14 IS 6 BP 339 EP 348 DI 10.1006/mcpr.2000.0324 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 378LT UT WOS:000165586400003 PM 11090263 ER PT J AU Seward, J Jumaan, A Schmid, S AF Seward, J Jumaan, A Schmid, S TI Varicella vaccine revisited SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl VCV Lab, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Seward, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl VCV Lab, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 6 IS 12 BP 1298 EP 1299 DI 10.1038/82068 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 380LV UT WOS:000165704100004 PM 11100088 ER PT J AU De Rosa, CT Hicks, HE Cibulas, W Jones, DE AF De Rosa, CT Hicks, HE Cibulas, W Jones, DE TI Neurodevelopmental effects: Making the case for biologic plausibility SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Neurotoxicology Conference CY OCT 17-20, 1999 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, USEPA, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, NICHHD, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Health/CDC, Neurotoxicol Div/NHEERL/US EPA DE neurodevelopmental effects; toxicology; epidemiology ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; GREAT-LAKES; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN TCDD; MATERNAL CONSUMPTION; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; GESTATIONAL-AGE; HUMAN HEALTH; IN-UTERO; CHILDREN; INFANTS AB It has been suggested that the most critical missing link between science and policy is causality; that is, the establishment of a definite cause-effect relationship between exposure and adverse health effects. As has been clearly demonstrated by the decades-long tobacco debate, causality is extremely difficult to establish with absolute certainty, particularly in the minds of scientists. Because of this, it has been suggested that a "weight of evidence" approach based on biologic plausibility should be used as a surrogate for causality when translating science into policy and public health practice. In the case of neurodevelopmental effects, the case for biologic plausibility is supported Dy scientific findings from three broad areas consisting of wildlife biology, toxicology, and epidemiology. A striking example of this is provided by research findings from the Great Lakes Basin, an area which has been the focus of significant scientific research for the last thirty years in these three broad areas. In this paper, we examine relevant findings from the Great Lakes Basin and elsewhere as they relate to establishing and supporting the biologic plausibility of neurodevelopmental effects associated with environmental exposures to persistent toxic substances. (C) 2000 Inter Press, Inc. C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Toxicol, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP De Rosa, CT (reprint author), US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Toxicol, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cydo@cdc.gov NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 IS 6 BP 979 EP 987 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 405TQ UT WOS:000167177000007 PM 11233767 ER PT J AU Sherry, B Miller, DS Wilcox, WD Nieburg, P Hughes, MH Yip, R AF Sherry, B Miller, DS Wilcox, WD Nieburg, P Hughes, MH Yip, R TI The nature of low anthropometry among low-income children screened in clinical settings SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE anthropometry; low-income children; birth weight; chronic disease ID GROWTH AB Low anthropometric status based on height and weight is commonly used as a sign of malnutrition. In developing countries low anthropometry is prevalent, due to poor dietary intake, infectious disease, or both. In the U.S., where the prevalence is low, the underlying reasons as to why children exhibit low anthropometry are not clear. This study documents the prevalence of low anthropometry and examines the characteristics of children with low anthropometric status. This is a descriptive study of two case series (inpatients and outpatients) of children with low anthropometry from Grady Memorial Hospital and its five satellite clinics, an urban hospital complex in Atlanta, GA. The subjects are predominantly low-income African American infants and children between the ages of 3 months and 10 years. Low anthropometry is defined as a <-2.00 Z-score below NCHS-CDC reference median in Ht-for-Age or Wt-for-Ht. The prevalence of low Ht-for-Age and low Wt-for-Ht was 3.7% and 2.1% among inpatients and 4.1% and 1.3% among outpatients, respectively. Approximately 85% of inpatients and 55% of outpatients were either low birth weight babies and/or had a chronic illness. Findings imply that although the prevalence of low anthropometry in these low-income children is near the expected baseline prevalence of the current growth reference (2.3%), the majority of the children had a significant medical background that could explain their low anthropometry. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Grady Mem Hosp, Atlanta, GA 30335 USA. RP Sherry, B (reprint author), Maternal & Child Hlth Branch, Div Nutr, K-25,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1689 EP 1696 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(00)00278-5 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 387JE UT WOS:000166118800001 ER PT J AU Jamieson, DJ Hillis, SD Duerr, A Marchbanks, PA Costello, C Peterson, HB AF Jamieson, DJ Hillis, SD Duerr, A Marchbanks, PA Costello, C Peterson, HB CA US Collaborative Rev Sterilization TI Complications of interval laparoscopic tubal sterilization: Findings from the United States collaborative review of sterilization SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-ANESTHESIA AB Objective: To estimate the risk of intraoperative or postoperative complications for interval laparoscopic tubal sterilizations. Methods: We used a prospective, multicenter cohort study of 9475 women who had interval laparoscopic tubal sterilization to calculate the rates of intraoperative or postoperative complications. The relative safety of various methods was assessed by calculating overall complication rates for each major method of tubal occlusion. Method-related complication rates also were calculated and included only complications attributable to a method of occlusion. We used logistic regression to identify independent predictors of one or more complications. Results: When we used a more restrictive definition of unintended major surgery, the overall rate of complications went from 1.6 to 0.9 per 100 procedures. There was one life-threatening event and there were no deaths. Complications rates for each of the four major methods of tubal occlusion ranged from 1.17 to 1.95, with no significant differences between them. When complication rates were calculated, the spring clip method had the lowest method-related complication rate (0.47 per 100 procedures), although it was not significantly different from the others. In adjusted analysis, diabetes mellitus (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.3, 8.8), general anesthesia (OR 3.2; CI 1.6, 6.6), previous abdominal or pelvic surgery (OR 2.0; CI 1.4, 2.9), and obesity (OR 1.7; CI 1.2, 2.6) were independent predictors of one or more complications. Conclusion: Interval laparoscopic sterilization generally is a safe procedure; serious morbidity is rare. (Obstet Gynecol 2000;96:997-1002. (C) 2000 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jamieson, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [3-Y02-HD41075-10] NR 11 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 96 IS 6 BP 997 EP 1002 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(00)01082-6 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 376VM UT WOS:000165477500024 PM 11084192 ER PT J AU Moher, D Cook, DJ Eastwood, S Olkin, I Rennie, D Stroup, DF AF Moher, D Cook, DJ Eastwood, S Olkin, I Rennie, D Stroup, DF CA QUOROM Grp TI Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials: The QUOROM statement SO ONKOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS; HEALTH-CARE; COCHRANE-COLLABORATION; MEDICAL LITERATURE; EMPIRICAL-EVIDENCE; CLINICAL RESEARCH; PUBLICATION BIAS; USERS GUIDES; METAANALYSIS; EFFICACY AB Background: The Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses (QUOROM) conference was convened to address standards for improving the quality of reporting of meta-analyses of clinical randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: The QUOROM group consisted of 30 clinical epidemiologists, clinicians, statisticians, editors, and researchers. In conference, the group was asked to identify items they thought should be included in a checklist of standards. Whenever possible, checklist items were guided by research evidence suggesting that failure to adhere to the item proposed could lead to biased results. A modified Delphi technique was used in assessing candidate items. Findings: The conference resulted in the QUOROM statement, a checklist, and a flow diagram. The checklist describes our preferred way to present the abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of a report of a meta-analysis. It is organised into 21 headings and subheadings regarding searches, selection, validity assessment, data abstraction, study characteristics, and quantitative data synthesis, and in the results with "trial flow" study characteristics, and quantitative data synthesis; research documentation was identified for eight of the 18 items. The now diagram provides information about both the numbers of RCTs identified, included, and excluded and the reasons for exclusion of trials. Interpretation: We hope this report will generate further thought about ways to improve the quality of reports of meta-analyses of RCTs and that interested readers, reviewers, re searchers, and editors will use the QUOROM statement and generate ideas for its improvement. C1 Childrens Hosp Eastern Ontario, Inst Res, Thomas C Chalmers Systemat Reviews, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada. McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. JAMA, Chicago, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Moher, D (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Eastern Ontario, Inst Res, Thomas C Chalmers Systemat Reviews, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada. OI Moher , David /0000-0003-2434-4206 NR 49 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 10 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-584X J9 ONKOLOGIE JI Onkologie PD DEC PY 2000 VL 23 IS 6 BP 597 EP 602 DI 10.1159/000055014 PG 6 GA 397BL UT WOS:000166673400015 ER PT J AU Burkot, TR Schneider, BS Pieniazek, NJ Happ, CM Rutherford, JS Slemenda, SB Hoffmeister, E Maupin, GO Zeidner, NS AF Burkot, TR Schneider, BS Pieniazek, NJ Happ, CM Rutherford, JS Slemenda, SB Hoffmeister, E Maupin, GO Zeidner, NS TI Babesia microti and Borrelia bissettii transmission by Ixodes spinipalpis ticks among prairie voles, Microtus ochrogaster, in Colorado SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodes spinipalpis; Babesia microti; Microtus orchogastor; Borrelia bissettii ID LYME-DISEASE; BURGDORFERI; DAMMINI; POPULATIONS; PHYLOGENY; RODENTS; ACARI AB An endemic transmission cycle of Babesia microti was discovered in Colorado in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. B. microti were found by PCR in 4 of 25 Ixodes spinipalpis tick pools tested (a 3.2 % minimum infection rate) and in 87 % (13 of 15) of Microtus ochrogaster (the prairie vole) spleen and blood samples. Using naturally infected I. spinipalpis collected from wild-caught M. ochrogaster as vectors, B. microti and Borrelia bissettii were successfully transmitted to laboratory-born M. ochrogaster. Neither I. spinipalpis, nor M. ochrogaster (the prairie vole) have been previously reported as a vector or a reservoir host of B. microti. Unlike the east coast of the United States where Peromyscus leucopus is an important reservoir for B. microti, evidence for Peromyscus spp. (neither P. maniculatus nor P. difficilis) as B. microti reservoirs was not found in this study. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Chamblee, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Zeidner, NS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RI Burkot, Thomas/C-6838-2013 NR 27 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD DEC PY 2000 VL 121 BP 595 EP 599 PN 6 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 393RE UT WOS:000166482800004 PM 11155930 ER PT J AU Reddington, C Cohen, J Baldillo, A Toye, M Smith, D Kneut, C Demaria, A Bertolli, J Hsu, HW AF Reddington, C Cohen, J Baldillo, A Toye, M Smith, D Kneut, C Demaria, A Bertolli, J Hsu, HW TI Adherence to medication regimens among children with human immunodeficiency virus infection SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE human immunodeficiency virus; adherence; protease inhibitors ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; ZIDOVUDINE THERAPY; TYPE-1 AB Background Rigorous adherence to antiretroviral medication regimens is necessary to achieve and maintain undetectable viral levels. This study describes adherence in a population of children with HIV infection, Methods. Caregivers of HIV-infected children were interviewed about their experiences with administration of medications for treatment of HIV, opinions regarding medication-related issues and the potential usefulness of interventions to improve adherence. Results. In the 90 caregiver interviews completed, 78% of the children were taking 3 or more medications, 17% missed a dose in the previous 24 h and 43% missed at least 1 dose in the previous week. Children whose caregivers reported no missed doses in the previous week (adherent) were more likely to have an HIN viral load <400 copies/ml (50% vs. 24%, P = 0.04). Nonadherent caregivers (who reported I or more missed doses in the previous week) were more Likely than adherent caresvers to agree with a statement that full adherence is impossible (44% vs. 12%, P = 0.001) and express the need for more help with medication administration (26% vs, 6%, P 0.02). They were less likely to have informed the school or day-care site about the child's HIV infection (42% vs. 67%, P = 0.05) and more concerned about the child's teachers and friends finding out (54% vs, 31%, P = 0.05). Of 10 potential interventions 6 were rated by a majority of respondents as "very helpful": better tasting medications (81%); longer dosing intervals (72%); medications that did not require refrigeration (63%); access to 24-h telephone advice (62%); a follow-up call from a health care provider (57%); and a pill organizer (56%). Conclusions. Caregivers' perceptions that adherence is too difficult or concerns about loss of privacy may affect their ability to adhere to complicated medication regimens. Caregivers felt that the most helpful interventions would be modifications to improve the convenience and palatability of medications and increased access to medical advice. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Worcester, MA USA. Baystate Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Springfield, MA 01199 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Jamaica Plain, MA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Pediat Spectrum Dis Project, Jamaica Plain, MA USA. RP Reddington, C (reprint author), 305 South St, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU114918] NR 16 TC 114 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 19 IS 12 BP 1148 EP 1153 DI 10.1097/00006454-200012000-00005 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 382YH UT WOS:000165854600005 PM 11144374 ER PT J AU Bell, BP AF Bell, BP TI Hepatitis A vaccine SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID A VACCINE; ADULTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bell, BP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 19 IS 12 BP 1187 EP 1188 DI 10.1097/00006454-200012000-00015 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 382YH UT WOS:000165854600013 PM 11144382 ER PT J AU Guyer, B Freedman, MA Strobino, DM Sondik, EJ AF Guyer, B Freedman, MA Strobino, DM Sondik, EJ TI Annual summary of vital statistics: Trends in the health of Americans during the 20th century SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE birth; child mortality; death; dependency ratio; fertility; infant mortality; life expectancy; low birth weight; maternal mortality; natality; vital statistics ID INFANT SLEEP POSITION; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY AB The overall improvement in the health of Americans over the 20th century is best exemplified by dramatic changes in 2 trends: 1) the age-adjusted death rate declined by about 74%, while 2) life expectancy increased 56%. Leading causes of death shifted from infectious to chronic diseases. In 1900, infectious respiratory diseases accounted for nearly a quarter of all deaths. In 1998, the 10 leading causes of death in the United States were, respectively, heart disease and cancer followed by stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, accidents (unintentional injuries), pneumonia and influenza, diabetes, suicide, kidney diseases, and chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Together these leading causes accounted for 84% of all deaths. The size and composition of the American population is fundamentally affected by the fertility rate and the number of births. From the beginning of the century there was a steady decline in the fertility rate to a low point in 1936. The postwar baby boom peaked in 1957, when 123 of every 1000 women aged 15 to 44 years gave birth. Thereafter, fertility rates began a steady decline. Trends in the number of births parallel the trends in the fertility rate. Beginning in 1936 and continuing to 1956, there was precipitous decline in maternal mortality from 582 deaths per 100 000 live births in 1935 to 40 in 1956. Since 1950 the maternal mortality ratio dropped by 90% to 7.1 in 1998. The infant mortality rate has shown an exponential decline during the 20th century. In 1915, approximately 100 white infants per 1000 live births died in the first year of life; the rate for black infants was almost twice as high. In 1998, the infant mortality rate was 7.2 overall, 6.0 for white infants, and 14.3 for black infants. For children older than 1 year of age, the overall decline in mortality during the 20th century has been spectacular. In 1900, >3 in 100 children died between their first and 20th birthday; today, <2 in 1000 die. At the beginning of the 20th century, the leading causes of child mortality were infectious diseases, including diarrheal diseases, diphtheria, measles, pneumonia and influenza, scarlet fever, tuberculosis, typhoid and paratyphoid fevers, and whooping cough. Between 1900 and 1998, the percentage of child deaths attributable to infectious diseases declined from 61.6% to 2%. Accidents accounted for 6.3% of child deaths in 1900, but 43.9% in 1998. Between 1900 and 1998, the death rate from accidents, now usually called unintentional injuries, declined two-thirds, from 47.5 to 15.9 deaths per 100 000. The child dependency ratio far exceeded the elderly dependency ratio during most of the 20th century, particularly during the first 70 years. The elderly ratio has gained incrementally since then and the large increase expected beginning in 2010 indicates that the difference in the 2 ratios will become considerably less by 2030. The challenge for the 21st century is how to balance the needs of children with the growing demands for a large aging population of elderly persons. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat & Family Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Guyer, B (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat & Family Hlth Sci, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 46 TC 103 Z9 114 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2000 VL 106 IS 6 BP 1307 EP 1317 DI 10.1542/peds.106.6.1307 PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 383ZP UT WOS:000165914800016 PM 11099582 ER PT J AU Parashar, UD Holman, RC Cummings, KC Staggs, NW Curns, AT Zimmerman, CM Kaufman, SF Lewis, JE Vugia, DJ Powell, KE Glass, RI AF Parashar, UD Holman, RC Cummings, KC Staggs, NW Curns, AT Zimmerman, CM Kaufman, SF Lewis, JE Vugia, DJ Powell, KE Glass, RI TI Trends in intussusception-associated hospitalizations and deaths among US infants SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE intussusception; hospitalizations; deaths; risk factors; infants ID CHILDHOOD INTUSSUSCEPTION; POSTOPERATIVE INTUSSUSCEPTION; ROTAVIRUS VACCINATION; MECKELS-DIVERTICULUM; CHILDREN; MANAGEMENT; AMSTERDAM; INFECTION AB Context. The newly licensed tetravalent rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine has been withdrawn following reports of intussusception among vaccinated infants. Objective. To describe the epidemiology of intussusception-associated hospitalizations and deaths among US infants. Design. This retrospective cohort study examined hospital discharge data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey for 1988-1997, Indian Health Service (IHS) for 1980-1997, California for 1990-1997, Indiana for 1994-1998, Georgia for 1997-1998, and MarketScan for 1993-1996, and mortality data from the national multiple cause-of-death data for 1979-1997 and linked birth/infant death data for 1995-1997. Patients. Infants (< 1 year old) with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code for intussusception (560.0) listed on their hospital discharge or mortality record, respectively. Results. During 1994-1996, annual rates for intussusception-associated infant hospitalization varied among the data sets, being lowest for the IHS (18 per 100 000; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 9-35 per 100 000) and greatest for the National Hospital Discharge Survey (56 per 100 000; 95% CI = 33-79 per 100 000) data sets. Rates among IHS infants declined from 87 per 100 000 during 1980-1982 to 12 per 100 000 during 1995-1997 (relative risk = 7.6, 95% CI = 3.2-18.2). Intussusception-associated hospitalizations were uncommon in the first 2 months of life, peaked from 5 to 7 months old, and showed no consistent seasonality. Intussusception-associated infant mortality rates declined from 6.4 per 1 000 000 live births during 1979-1981 to 2.3 per 1 000 000 live births during 1995-1997 (relative risk = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.8-4.3). Infants whose mothers were <20 years old, nonwhite, unmarried, and had an education level below grade 12 years were at an increased risk for intussusception-associated death. Conclusions. Intussusception-associated hospitalization rates varied among the data sets and decreased substantially over time in the IHS data. Although intussusception-associated infant deaths in the United States have declined substantially over the past 2 decades, some deaths seem to be related to reduced access to, or delays in seeking, health care and are potentially preventable. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Med Residency Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Communicable Dis Control, Dis Invest & Surveillance Branch, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Indiana State Dept Hlth, Epidemiol Resource Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Indian Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Rockville, MD USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Parashar, UD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, US Dept HHS, Mailstop G-04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 61 TC 113 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2000 VL 106 IS 6 BP 1413 EP 1421 DI 10.1542/peds.106.6.1413 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 383ZP UT WOS:000165914800031 PM 11099597 ER PT J AU Jenkins, CNH McPhee, SJ Wong, C Nguyen, T Euler, GL AF Jenkins, CNH McPhee, SJ Wong, C Nguyen, T Euler, GL TI Hepatitis B immunization coverage among Vietnamese-American children 3 to 18 years old SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B immunization; Vietnamese-Americans ID VIRUS TRANSMISSION; CANCER; PREVENTION; WOMEN; INFECTION; INFANTS; BREAST AB Objective. Persons with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are at increased risk of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Although HBV infection is relatively uncommon in the United States, the disease is endemic in persons born in Southeast Asia, including Vietnamese-Americans. Current US infant immunization recommendations and state-mandated school-entry programs have left many nontargeted age-cohorts unvaccinated and at risk of infection. To assess the need for catch-up hepatitis B immunizations, this study reports the hepatitis B immunization rates of Vietnamese-American children 3 to 18 years old living in the metropolitan areas of Houston and Dallas, Texas, and the Washington, DC, area. Design. We conducted 1508 telephone interviews with random samples of Vietnamese households in each of the 3 study sites. We asked for hepatitis B immunization dates for a randomly selected child in each household. Attempts were made to verify immunization dates through direct contact with each child's providers. Low and high estimates of coverage were calculated using reports from providers when reached (n = 720) and for the entire sample (n = 1508). Results. Rates of having 3 hepatitis B vaccinations ranged from 13.6% (entire sample) to 24.1% (provider reports, Dallas), 10.3% to 26.4% (Houston), and 18.1% to 37.8% (Washington, DC). Children living in the Texas sites, older children, children whose families had lived in the United States for a longer time, and children whose provider was Vietnamese or who had an institutional provider were less likely to have been immunized. The odds of being immunized were greater, however, for children who had had at least 1 diphtheria, tetanus toxoid, and pertussis shot, and whose parents had heard about HBV infection, and were married. Conclusions. The low rates of hepatitis B vaccine coverage among children and adolescents portend a generation which, too old to benefit from infant programs and school entry laws, will grow into adulthood without the protection of immunization. Increased efforts are needed to design successful catch-up campaigns for this population. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Hlth Gold Vietnamese Community Hlth Promot Projec, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Hlth Policy Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Adult Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jenkins, CNH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Hlth Gold Vietnamese Community Hlth Promot Projec, 44 Page St,Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [U01 CA086322]; PHS HHS [U66/CCU915175] NR 36 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2000 VL 106 IS 6 BP art. no. EP e78 DI 10.1542/peds.106.6.e78 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 383ZP UT WOS:000165914800004 PM 11099621 ER PT J AU Kaufmann, RB Clouse, TL Olson, DR Matte, TD AF Kaufmann, RB Clouse, TL Olson, DR Matte, TD TI Elevated blood lead levels and blood lead screening among US children aged one to five years: 1988-1994 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE lead poisoning; blood lead; children; screening; epidemiology; risk factors ID NATIONAL-HEALTH; PEDIATRICIANS; POPULATION; EXPOSURE; NHANES AB Objectives. To estimate the proportion of children 1 to 5 years of age who received blood lead testing during 1988-1994 and to assess whether predictors of testing coincided with predictors of elevated blood lead levels. Design. Cross-sectional analysis of data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants. US children 1 to 5 years of age. Outcome Measures. Prevalence of blood lead testing and elevated blood lead levels among children 1 to 5 years of age and odds ratios for factors predicting blood lead testing and elevated blood lead levels. Results. Overall, 6.3% had elevated blood lead levels and 10.2% had undergone previous blood lead tests. Being of minority race/ethnicity, living in an older home, residing in the Northeast or Midwest regions of the United States, being on Medicaid, having a head of household with <12 years of education, and having a history of anemia were significant factors in both models. Additional independent risk factors for an elevated blood lead level included being sampled in phase 1 of the survey, being 1 to 2 years of age, not having a regular doctor, and being sampled during the summer months. Additional independent correlates of a previous blood lead test included having moved less than twice in one's lifetime, having a female head of household, and having parents whose home language was English. Of an estimated 564 000 children 1 to 5 years of age who had elevated blood lead levels and no previous screening test in 1993, 62% were receiving Medicaid, 40% lived in homes built before 1946, and 34% were black, non-Hispanic. Conclusions. Lead screening was more frequent among children with risk factors for lead exposure. However, among children with elevated blood lead levels, only one third had been tested previously. In 1993 an estimated 564 000 children 1 to 5 years of age had elevated blood lead levels but were never screened. Physicians should screen Medicaid-eligible children and should follow state or local health department recommendations about identifying and screening other at-risk children. In areas where no health department guidelines exist, physicians should screen all children or screen based on known risk factors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Gen Accounting Off, Hlth Educ & Human Serv Div, Atlanta, GA USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. RP Kaufmann, RB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, E-25,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2000 VL 106 IS 6 AR e79 DI 10.1542/peds.106.6.e79 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 383ZP UT WOS:000165914800005 PM 11099622 ER PT J AU Lobato, MN Mohle-Boetani, JC Royce, SE AF Lobato, MN Mohle-Boetani, JC Royce, SE TI Missed opportunities for preventing tuberculosis among children younger than five years of age SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; children; prevention; missed opportunities ID DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; CHILDHOOD TUBERCULOSIS; CONTACT; TRANSMISSION; ADOLESCENTS; INFECTION; CARE; CITY AB Objectives. Childhood tuberculosis (TB) is an important indicator of public health success in interrupting and preventing TB transmission. To determine the frequency and types of missed opportunities for preventing TB among children <5 years of age. Methods. We collected data from the public health records of child TB cases and their adult source cases. These children were from health jurisdictions where TB case rates in children were higher than the California average for this age group. Results. We reviewed the records for 165 children reported with TB (20% confirmed by culture). These children were evaluated for TB because of signs or symptoms of illness (32%), a contact investigation (26%), screening (22%), a source case investigation (4%), and unknown reasons (16%). Excluding 4 children infected by Mycobacterium bovis, only 59 of 161 children (37%) had a source case found. Children found in a contact investigation, born in the United States, <1 year of age, or who were black were more likely to have a source case found than children who did not have one of these characteristics. Of 43 children found in a contact investigation, improvements in contact investigations may have prevented TB in 17 of these children (40%). Among the 43 adult source cases, factors that may have facilitated transmission include delayed reporting in 23%, a delayed contact investigation in 21%, and delayed or nondocumented bacteriologic sputum conversion in 42% of culture-positive cases. Conclusions. Important missed opportunities to prevent TB in children include the failure to find and appropriately manage adult source cases and failure to completely evaluate and properly treat children exposed to TB. Improvements in case detection, case management, and contact investigations are necessary to eliminate TB in children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Prevent Med Residency, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Communicable Dis Control, TB Control Branch, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. RP Lobato, MN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Prevent Med Residency, E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 34 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2000 VL 106 IS 6 AR e75 DI 10.1542/peds.106.6.e75 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 383ZP UT WOS:000165914800002 PM 11099618 ER PT J AU Boykins, RA Ardans, JA Wahl, LM Lal, RB Yamada, KM Dhawan, S AF Boykins, RA Ardans, JA Wahl, LM Lal, RB Yamada, KM Dhawan, S TI Immunization with a novel HIV-1-Tat multiple-peptide conjugate induces effective immune response in mice SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE monocytes; macrophages; HIV-1-Tat; HIV; AIDS; pathogenesis; vaccine ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; TAT PROTEIN; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; AIDS VACCINE; INFECTION; DOMAIN; PATHOGENESIS; MONOCYTES; IDENTIFICATION; CORECEPTORS AB We report here a novel, highly immunogenic synthetic, multiple-peptide conjugate comprising functional domains Tat(21-40) and Tat(53-68) from HIV-I group M plus Tat(9-20) from HIV-I group O of the HIV-Tat protein (HIV-1-Tat-MPC). Vaccination of mice with HIV-I-Tat-MPC induced an effective immune response to all three functional domains. The anti-HTV-1-Tat-MPC antibodies efficiently inhibited Tar-induced viral activation in monocytes infected with HIV(Ba-L) as well as with various clinical HIV-l isolates, and reduced Tat-mediated cytopathicity in infected cells by 60-75%. Our results indicate that anti-HIV-l-Tat-MPC antibodies inhibit viral pathogenesis, possibly by blocking functional determinants of Tar and disrupting autocrine and paracrine actions of secreted Tat protein. This epitope-specific, synthetic Tat construct may, therefore, provide a subunit AIDS vaccine candidate for inducing an effective immunoprophylaxis response to reduce progression of HIV infection. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Mol Virol Lab, Immunopathogenesis Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunopathogenesis Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Craniofacial Dev Biol & Regenerat Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Immunopathol Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Lab Parasit Biol & Biochem, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Dhawan, S (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Mol Virol Lab, Immunopathogenesis Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM dhawan@cber.fda.gov OI Yamada, Kenneth/0000-0003-1512-6805 NR 38 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1839 EP 1847 DI 10.1016/S0196-9781(00)00334-X PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 394TA UT WOS:000166538300010 PM 11150644 ER PT J AU Ebrahim, SH Andrews, WW Goldenberg, RL Zaidi, AA DuBard, ML MacKay, HT AF Ebrahim, SH Andrews, WW Goldenberg, RL Zaidi, AA DuBard, ML MacKay, HT TI Surveillance of behavioral risk factors and infections using prenatal clinic data: a comparison with other data sources SO PRENATAL AND NEONATAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE surveillance; prenatal data; survey data; comparison; USA ID PREGNANT-WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; DRUG-ABUSE; SYPHILIS; GONORRHEA; ALCOHOL; ALABAMA; TRENDS; CARE AB Objective To assess the concordance between data on behavioral risk factors and infections collected routinely in prenatal care clinics (prenatal data) and data from the general population. Methods We compared the prevalence of past or current alcohol or tobacco use, syphilis and gonorrhea obtained from a prenatal database in Jefferson County, Alabama with corresponding rates from a population-based survey (survey data) and the Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (reported data) among women aged 15-45 years for the period 1986-95. Results The prevalence of alcohol use decreased from 1986 to 1989 in both the prenatal data (13.0% to 11.5%) and the survey data (38.0% to 31.7%) and then increased (p < 0.05) to 1995 (prenatal data 14.5%; survey data 41.7%). The prevalence of smoking decreased significantly from 1986 to 1992 in both the prenatal data (29.6% to 23.0%) and the survey data (28.5% to 21.0%) and then remained stable. Syphilis rates peaked in the early 1990s in both the prenatal data (prevalence 1992, 2.8%; incidence 1990, 0.6%) and the reported data (1990, 0.2%). Gonorrhea rates did not vary significantly from 1986 to 1995 in either the prenatal (prevalence 3.8% vs. 4.1 %; incidence 0.9% vs. 1.0%) or the reported data (1.6% vs. 1.7%). Conclusions Trends in the prevalence of behavioral risk factors and infections in the prenatal data generally paralleled those derived from at least one other comparative source. Prenatal data are a useful source for monitoring some behavioral risk factors at the county level. Prenatal data can supplement reported data to monitor the burden of some infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Ebrahim, SH (reprint author), Mail Stop K-55,CDC,4770 Buford Hway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP PI CARNFORTH LANCASHIRE PA CASTERTON HALL, CARNFORTH LANCASHIRE LA6 2LA, ENGLAND SN 1359-8635 J9 PRENAT NEONAT MED JI Prenat. Neonatal Med. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 5 IS 6 BP 368 EP 374 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 397GZ UT WOS:000166686100005 ER PT J AU Lushniak, BD AF Lushniak, BD TI Occupational skin diseases SO PRIMARY CARE LA English DT Article ID CONTACT URTICARIA; HAND ECZEMA; DERMATITIS; ALLERGY; INDUSTRY; WORKERS; PREVALENCE; PROGNOSIS; CEMENT; ASTHMA AB Primary care physicians will likely see a wide variety of occupational skin diseases in their practices, including allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, contact urticaria, a variety of infectious diseases, and skin cancers. The ideal role of a medical practitioner involved in occupational dermatology is not only to diagnose and treat patients, but also to determine the cause of the occupational skin disease and to make recommendations for its prevention. Making the diagnosis and offering treatment, determining the cause, and recommending measures can be difficult undertakings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, US Publ Hlth Serv, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Lushniak, BD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, US Publ Hlth Serv, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-12, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 92 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0095-4543 J9 PRIMARY CARE JI Primary Care PD DEC PY 2000 VL 27 IS 4 BP 895 EP + DI 10.1016/S0095-4543(05)70183-4 PG 23 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 382YK UT WOS:000165854800007 PM 11072293 ER PT J AU Popoff, MY Bockemuhl, J Brenner, FW AF Popoff, MY Bockemuhl, J Brenner, FW TI Supplement 1999 (no. 43) to the Kauffmann-White scheme SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; serovars; taxonomy; Kauffmann-White scheme ID SALMONELLA AB This supplement reports the characterization of 26 new Salmonella serovars recognized in 1999 by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella: 15 were assigned to S. enterica subsp. enterica, seven to subspecies salamae, two to subspecies diarizonae, and one to subsp. houtenae; and one to S. bongori. In addition, the antigenic factor H:z(89) is described. (C) 2000 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. C1 Inst Pasteur, WHO Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Salmonella, Unite Genet Bacteries Intracellulaires, F-75724 Paris 15, France. Natl Referenzzentrum Salmolellen & Andere Bakteri, Arbeitsgrp Hamburg, Inst Hyg, Hamburg, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Popoff, MY (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, WHO Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Salmonella, Unite Genet Bacteries Intracellulaires, F-75724 Paris 15, France. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 151 IS 10 BP 893 EP 896 DI 10.1016/S0923-2508(00)01157-8 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 391TL UT WOS:000166371300012 PM 11191816 ER PT J AU Gerke, P Wichmann, D Schonermarck, U Schutt, M Feldmann, H Ksiazek, TG Rob, PM Gross, WL AF Gerke, P Wichmann, D Schonermarck, U Schutt, M Feldmann, H Ksiazek, TG Rob, PM Gross, WL TI Lack of evidence for an association between hantavirus infections and Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome and giant cell arteritis SO RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PULMONARY SYNDROME C1 Med Univ Lubeck, Dept Med 1, Lubeck, Germany. Univ Marburg, Inst Med Virol, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. Hlth Canada, Canadian Sci Ctr Human & Anim Hlth, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Med Univ Lubeck, Dept Rheumatol, Lubeck, Germany. Rheumaklin Bad Bramstedt, Bad Bramstedt, Germany. RP Gerke, P (reprint author), Univ Freiburg, Dept Med 4, Hugstetter Str 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. RI Gross, Wolfgang Ludwig/C-8733-2011 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1462-0324 J9 RHEUMATOLOGY JI RHEUMATOLOGY PD DEC PY 2000 VL 39 IS 12 BP 1424 EP 1425 DI 10.1093/rheumatology/39.12.1424 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 391RW UT WOS:000166369800020 PM 11136889 ER PT J AU Reiter, P AF Reiter, P TI From ague to West Nile SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Sect, Dengue Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reiter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Sect, Dengue Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 283 IS 6 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 426JQ UT WOS:000168346400005 PM 11103449 ER PT J AU Aral, SO AF Aral, SO TI Patterns of sexual mixing: mechanisms for or limits to the spread of STIs? SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENITAL-INFECTION; RACIAL ORIGIN; BEHAVIOR; THAILAND; WOMEN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,M-S-E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 76 IS 6 BP 415 EP 416 DI 10.1136/sti.76.6.415 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 389AT UT WOS:000166215900001 PM 11221121 ER PT J AU Lopez-Zetina, J Ford, W Weber, M Barna, S Woerhle, T Kerndt, P Monterroso, E AF Lopez-Zetina, J Ford, W Weber, M Barna, S Woerhle, T Kerndt, P Monterroso, E TI Predictors of syphilis seroreactivity and prevalence of HIV among street recruited injection drug users in Los Angeles County, 1994-6 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article DE syphilis incidence; injection drug users; HIV prevalence ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; PATIENTS ATTENDING CLINICS; OUT-OF-TREATMENT; SAN-FRANCISCO; HEPATITIS-B; COCAINE USE; SEROPREVALENCE; SEROCONVERSION; POPULATION AB Objectives: To describe HN prevalence and the association between syphilis incidence and sexual and drug injection risk behaviours in a cohort of street recruited injecting drug users (IDUs) in Los Angeles County, between 1994 and 1996. Methods: During the study period, 513 street recruited African-American and Latino IDUs were screened for syphilis and antibodies to HIV. Subjects were administered a risk behaviour survey at baseline and followed up at 6 month intervals for 18 months with repeated interviews and serological screening. Rate ratios were used to examine associations between syphilis incidence and demographic characteristics and risk behaviours. A proportional hazard model was used to identify predictors of syphilis incidence independent of demographic characteristics. Results: 74% of the sample were male, 70% African-American, 10% Latino; and the median age was 43 years. Overall baseline serological prevalence of HIV was 2.5% and of syphilis 5.7%. None of the participants were co-infected for HIV and syphilis at baseline or at any of the 6 month follow ups. Among 390 eligible IDUs retained fur analysis of incidence data, the overall syphilis incidence was 26.0 per 1000 person years. Higher syphilis incidence was found for women compared with men (RR=2.70; 95% CI 1.60, 4.55), and for those 44 years of age or younger compared with those 45 years of age and older (RR=2.26; 95% CI 1.25, 4.08). African-Americans were more likely to be syphilis incident cases when compared with Latinos, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (RR=1.27; 95% CI 0.72, 2.23). Tn bivariate analysis, risk behaviours significantly associated with higher syphilis incidence included injection of cocaine, "speedball" and heroin, "crack" smoking, recency of first injection event, backloading of syringes, injecting with others, exchanging drugs or money for sex, multiple sex partners, and non-heterosexual sexual preference. Variables that significantly predicted syphilis infection at follow up in the multivariate analysis included multiple sex partners (RR=7.8; 95% CI 2.4, 25.0), exchanging money for sex (RR=3.0; 95% CI 0.9, 9.6), and recent initiation to injection drug use (RR=4.6; 95% CI 1.1, 18.8). Conclusion: Syphilis transmission among IDUs in Los Angeles County remains a serious public health concern, particularly among IDUs who engage in trading of sex for money or drugs. Although low, the prevalence of HIV observed in this study constitutes a serious concern because of the potential for expanded HIV transmission in this susceptible population of IDUs with high syphilis incidence. Enhanced case finding screening efforts and prevention of transmission of sexually transmitted infections should specifically target hard to reach IDUs and their sexual partners. C1 Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, HIV Epidemiol Program, Los Angeles, CA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Sexually Transmitted Dis Program, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lopez-Zetina, J (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Hlth Sci, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 76 IS 6 BP 462 EP 469 DI 10.1136/sti.76.6.462 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 389AT UT WOS:000166215900013 PM 11221130 ER PT J AU Diseker, RA Peterman, TA Kamb, ML Kent, C Zenilman, JM Douglas, JM Rhodes, F Iatesta, M AF Diseker, RA Peterman, TA Kamb, ML Kent, C Zenilman, JM Douglas, JM Rhodes, F Iatesta, M TI Circumcision and STD in the United States: cross sectional and cohort analyses SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article DE circumcision; sexually transmitted diseases; United States ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; GENITAL ULCER DISEASE; HIV-INFECTION; RISK; MEN; ASSOCIATION; SEROCONVERSION; TRANSMISSION; TYPE-1 AB Background: Male circumcision status has been shown to be associated with sexually transmitted disease (STD) acquisition in some, but not all, studies. Most studies have been cross sectional. Objectives: We examined the association between circumcision status and the prevalence and incidence of gonorrhoea, chlamydia, and syphilis. Methods: We analysed cross sectional and cohort study data from a multicentre controlled trial in the United States. Between July 1993 and September 1996, 2021 men visiting public inner city STD clinics in the United States were examined by a clinician at enrolment and 1456 were examined at follow up visits 6 and 12 months later. At each visit, men had laboratory tests for gonorrhoea, chlamydia, and syphilis and were examined for circumcision status. We used multiple logisitic regression ro compare STD risk among circumcised and uncircumcised men adjusted for potentially confounding factors. Results: Uncircumcised men were significantly more likely than circumcised men to have gonorrhoea in the multivariate analyses, adjusted for age, race, and site, in both the cross sectional (odds ratio (OR), 1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.9 re, 1.7) and in the cohort analysis (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.6). There was no association between lack of circumcision and chlamydia in either the cross sectional (OR, 1.0; 95% CI 0.7-1.4) or the cohort analysis (OR, 0.9; 95% CI 0.5-1.5). The magnitude of association between lack of circumcision and syphilis was similar in the cross sectional (OR, 1.4; 95% CI 0.6 to 3.3) and cohort analysis (OR, 1.5; 95% CI 0.4 to 6.1). Conclusion: Uncircumcised men in the United States may be at increased risk for gonorrhoea and syphilis, but chlamydia risk appears similar in circumcised and uncircumcised men. Our results suggest that risk estimates from cross sectional studies would be similar to cohort findings. C1 Kaiser Permanente, Res Dept, Atlanta, GA 30305 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. San Francisco Hlth Dept, Project RESPECT Study Grp, San Francisco, CA USA. Baltimore City Hlth Dept, Project RESPECT Study Grp, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Denver Dept Publ Hlth, Project RESPECT Study Grp, Denver, CO USA. New Jersey Hlth Dept, Project RESPECT Study Grp, Newark, NJ USA. Newark STD Clin, Newark, NJ USA. Long Beach Hlth Dept, Project RESPECT Study Grp, Long Beach, CA USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. RP Diseker, RA (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Res Dept, 9 Piedmont Ctr,3495 Piedmont Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30305 USA. NR 29 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 76 IS 6 BP 474 EP 479 DI 10.1136/sti.76.6.474 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 389AT UT WOS:000166215900015 PM 11221132 ER PT J AU Coggins, C Blanchard, K Alvarez, F Brache, V Weisberg, E Kilmarx, PH Lacarra, M Massai, R Mishell, D Salvatierra, A Witwatwongwana, P Elias, C Ellertson, C AF Coggins, C Blanchard, K Alvarez, F Brache, V Weisberg, E Kilmarx, PH Lacarra, M Massai, R Mishell, D Salvatierra, A Witwatwongwana, P Elias, C Ellertson, C TI Preliminary safety and acceptability of a carrageenan gel for possible use as a vaginal microbicide SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article DE microbicide; carrageenan ID BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; INFECTION; HIV; TRANSMISSION; WOMEN; FLORA AB Objective: We sought to determine the safety and acceptability of vaginal gel formulation PC-503 among low risk, abstinent women. The active ingredient was 2% pharmaceutical grade lambda carrageenan, a sulphated polymer that is generally recognised as safe by the US Food and Drug Administration. Methods: 35 women in five sites applied 5 mi of the PC-503 gel vaginally once a day for 7 days while abstaining from sexual intercourse. Visual vaginal examinations were performed on days 1, 4, and 8. STI testing and vaginal pool Gram stain preparations were done on days 1 and 8. Participants were asked about product acceptability. Results: 34 of the 35 women enrolled completed 7 days' use. Following product use, five reported mild symptoms including "bladder fullness," "genital warmth," or discomfort, and lower abdominal pain, and one had moderate pale yellow cervical discharge. Using the Nugent criteria, three women had bacterial vaginosis (BV) before and after use; three had BV before but not after, and two had BV after but not before. Most of the women found PC-503 to be pleasant or neutral in feel and smell and considered extra lubrication to be an advantage; however, one third found it to be messy. Conclusions: Vaginal use of PC-503 gel did not cause significant adverse effects in a small number of low risk, sexually abstinent women. Further testing in larger numbers of sexually active women is planned. A smaller volume of gel may be more acceptable to some women. C1 Populat Council, New York, NY 10017 USA. Asociac Dominicana Pro Bienestar Familia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Univ Sydney, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Sydney Ctr Reprod Hlth Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia. HIV AIDS Collaborat, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. Inst Chileno Med Reprod, Santiago, Chile. Chiang Rai Hosp, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Populat Council, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Blanchard, K (reprint author), Populat Council, 1 Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017 USA. NR 14 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 76 IS 6 BP 480 EP 483 DI 10.1136/sti.76.6.480 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 389AT UT WOS:000166215900016 PM 11221133 ER PT J AU Brener, ND Krug, EG Simon, TR AF Brener, ND Krug, EG Simon, TR TI Trends in suicide ideation and suicidal behavior among high school students in the United States, 1991-1997 SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID YOUNG ADOLESCENTS; SCALE; RELIABILITY AB To examine trends in suicide ideation and behavior over time, the authors analyze data from nationally representative samples of between 10,904 and 16,296 students participating in the 1991, 1993, 1995, and 1997 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. These data describe the proportion of United States students in grades 9 through 12 that reported having (I) seriously considered attempting suicide, (2) made a plan to attempt suicide, (3) attempted suicide, and (4) made an injurious suicide attempt. From 1991 to 1997, the percentage of students seriously considering suicide and the percentage that made a suicide plan showed significant linear decreases. However, the percentage of students that made an injurious suicide attempt showed a significant linear increase. These trends make it unlikely that relevant national health objectives fur the year 2000 will be met. Additional efforts are needed to identify and disseminate strategies that effectively reduce suicidal thoughts and behaviors among adolescents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brener, ND (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-33,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 29 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 3 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PD WIN PY 2000 VL 30 IS 4 BP 304 EP 312 PG 9 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 395XJ UT WOS:000166606300002 PM 11210056 ER PT J AU Williams, LO Blumer, SO Schalla, WO Robinson, PH Handsfield, JH Fehd, RJ Hancock, JS Lipman, HB Hearn, TL AF Williams, LO Blumer, SO Schalla, WO Robinson, PH Handsfield, JH Fehd, RJ Hancock, JS Lipman, HB Hearn, TL TI Laboratory performance in HTLV-I/II analysis SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID VIRUS TYPE-I; ANTIBODY AB BACKGROUND: Since 1989, the CDC's Model Performance Evaluation Program has shipped samples to voluntary participant laboratories that test for HTLV antibodies. Each laboratory tests the well-characterized samples, reports the results, and provides information about its testing practices. The data from 15 performance survey periods are reported here. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze all data from 15 survey periods from 1989 through 1996. RESULTS: The mean analytic sensitivity for EIA was 99.2 percent per survey period (range, 96-100%), the mean analytic specificity was 97.8 percent (75.6-100%), and the overall accuracy was 88.8 percent (63.8-100%). The mean analytic sensitivity for Western blot was 88.8 percent (75.6-100%); the mean analytic specificity was 95.7 percent (86.7-100%), and the overall accuracy was 91.1 percent (78.1-100%). CONCLUSIONS: Statistical analyses suggested associations between performance and both the retroviral serologic status of the sample and the analytical testing method. Western blot accuracy was associated with weekly testing volume. In early survey periods, performance problems were noted in the analysis of samples from donors with concomitant HTLV and HIV infections and those from donors who were positive for HTLV-II. Technological developments in test methods, such as the addition of recombinant antigens, appeared to have improved the laboratory performance of specific testing methods. C1 CDC, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Williams, LO (reprint author), CDC, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Mailstop G23,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD DEC PY 2000 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1514 EP 1521 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40121514.x PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 389DW UT WOS:000166224200016 PM 11134573 ER PT J AU Bell, JL Whitmore, RC AF Bell, JL Whitmore, RC TI Bird nesting ecology in a forest defoliated by gypsy moths SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID THROATED BLUE WARBLERS; COWBIRD PARASITISM; WOOD THRUSHES; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; DECIDUOUS FOREST; HARDWOOD FOREST; HABITAT QUALITY; SUCCESS; DIFLUBENZURON; SONGBIRDS AB Acadian FLycatcher (Empidonax virescens. n = 55). Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea. n = 60). Eastern Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus, n = 41), and Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina, n = 62) nests were monitored during 1995-1996 in the eastern panhandle of West Virginia, at the Sleepy Creek Wildlife Management Area. The objective of this study was to relate the outcomes of bird nests to surrounding habitat characteristics in an area that experienced heavy tree mortality from prior defoliation by the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). Large (> 22.9 cm dbh) standing snags in the nest patch were not associated with nest failure for any of the four bird species. Very large diameter (> 38.1 cm dbh) live trees and snags and reduced canopy cover increased the chances of Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism only for Indigo Buntings. Nest patches of all four species differed in vegetation characteristics from random plots in similar habitat, typically by having greater densities of species' preferred nesting substrate in the nest patch. Gypsy moth defoliation, which can result in an increase in snags and opened canopy, is not likely to be a devastating ecological event for shrub and sub-canopy nesting avian species. and can create more nesting habitat for many species that use a dense forest understory. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Bell, JL (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Safety Res, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS P-1133, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 66 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 112 IS 4 BP 524 EP 531 DI 10.1676/0043-5643(2000)112[0524:BNEIAF]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 388EQ UT WOS:000166164800012 ER PT J AU Moon, MW McFarland, W Kellogg, T Baxter, M Katz, MH MacKellar, D Valleroy, LA AF Moon, MW McFarland, W Kellogg, T Baxter, M Katz, MH MacKellar, D Valleroy, LA TI HIV risk behavior of runaway youth in San Francisco - Age of onset and relation to sexual orientation SO YOUTH & SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STREET YOUTH; HOMELESS YOUTH; BISEXUAL MEN; SUBSTANCE USE; SEROPREVALENCE; ADOLESCENTS; INFECTION; CALIFORNIA; PREVENTION; PREVALENCE AB The purpose of this study was to describe HIV risk behavior among runaway youth in San Francisco by age at onset and sexual orientation. Participants were a cross-sectional sample (N = 334) of male and female youth aged 12 to 21 years seeking health care at two clinics serving runaway youth. Gay/lesbian/bisexual youth reported higher levels and earlier onset of sexual and drug-using behavior compared with their heterosexual counterparts. Gay/lesbian/bisexual youth in this sample are at exceptionally high risk for HIV infection. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Integrat Syst, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. San Francisco Publ Lib, HIV Seroepidemiol Unit, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. Cole St Serv, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Serv Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Moon, MW (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Integrat Syst, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0044-118X J9 YOUTH SOC JI Youth Soc. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 32 IS 2 BP 184 EP 201 DI 10.1177/0044118X00032002003 PG 18 WC Social Issues; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Sociology SC Social Issues; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 370LG UT WOS:000165124100003 ER PT J AU Sullivan, NJ Sanchez, A Rollin, PE Yang, ZY Nabel, GJ AF Sullivan, NJ Sanchez, A Rollin, PE Yang, ZY Nabel, GJ TI Development of a preventive vaccine for Ebola virus infection in primates SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID T-CELL INDUCTION; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; RECOMBINANT; IMMUNIZATION; ADENOVIRUS; PROTEIN; MALARIA; IMMUNOGENICITY; THERAPY AB Outbreaks of haemorrhagic fever caused by the Ebola virus are associated with high mortality rates that are a distinguishing feature of this human pathogen. The highest lethality is associated with the Zaire subtype, one of four strains identified to date(1,2). Its rapid progression allows little opportunity to develop natural immunity, and there is currently no effective anti-viral therapy. Therefore, vaccination offers a promising intervention to prevent infection and limit spread. Here we describe a highly effective vaccine strategy for Ebola virus infection in non-human primates. A combination of DNA immunization and boosting with adenoviral vectors that encode viral proteins generated cellular and humoral immunity in cynomolgus macaques. Challenge with a lethal dose of the highly pathogenic, wild-type, 1976 Mayinga strain of Ebola Zaire virus resulted in uniform infection in controls, who progressed to a moribund state and death in less than one week. In contrast, all vaccinated animals were asymptomatic for more than six months, with no detectable virus after the initial challenge. These findings demonstrate that it is possible to develop a preventive vaccine against Ebola virus infection in primates. C1 NIH, Vaccine Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nabel, GJ (reprint author), NIH, Vaccine Res Ctr, 40 Convent Dr,MSC-3005, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 29 TC 447 Z9 471 U1 28 U2 391 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 30 PY 2000 VL 408 IS 6812 BP 605 EP 609 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 377WE UT WOS:000165548600123 PM 11117750 ER PT J AU Loria, CM Ingram, DD Feldman, JJ Wright, JD Madans, JH AF Loria, CM Ingram, DD Feldman, JJ Wright, JD Madans, JH TI Serum folate and cardiovascular disease mortality among US men and women SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; RISK; VITAMIN-B12; COBALAMIN; COHORT AB Background: Folate has been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) through its role in homocysteine metabolism. Objective: To assess the relationship between serum folate and CVD mortality. Design: In this prospective study, serum folate concentrations were measured on a subset of adults during the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1976-1980) and vital status ascertained after 12 to 16 years. Setting and Patients: A national probability sample consisting of 689 adults who were 30 to 75 years of age and did not have a history of CVD at baseline. Main Outcome Measure: Vital status was determined by searching national databases that contained information about US decedents. Results: The associations between serum folate and CVD and all-cause mortality differed by diabetes status (P=.04 and P=.03, respectively). Participants without diabetes in the lowest compared with the highest serum folate tertile had more than twice the risk of CVD mortality after adjustment for age and sex (relative risk [RR], 2.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-6.09). This increased risk for participants in the lowest tertile was attenuated after adjustment for CVD risk factors (RR, 2.28; 95% CI, 0.96-5.40). Serum folate tertiles were not significantly associated with total mortality, although the age- and sex-adjusted risk was increased for participants in the lowest compared with highest tertile (RR, 1.74; 95% CI, 0.96-3.15). Risk estimates for participants with diabetes were unstable because of the small sample size (n=52). Conclusion: These data suggest that low serum folate concentrations are associated with an increased risk of CVD mortality among adults who do not have diabetes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Loria, CM (reprint author), NHLBI, Div Epidemiol & Clin Applicat, 3701 Rockledge Dr,Room 8150, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 33 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD NOV 27 PY 2000 VL 160 IS 21 BP 3258 EP 3262 DI 10.1001/archinte.160.21.3258 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 376KL UT WOS:000165456700012 PM 11088087 ER PT J AU Rosen, BI Fang, ZY Glass, RI Monroe, SS AF Rosen, BI Fang, ZY Glass, RI Monroe, SS TI Cloning of human picobirnavirus genomic segments and development of an RT-PCR detection assay SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; ENTERIC VIRUSES; RABBIT FECES; IDENTIFICATION; ROTAVIRUS; DIARRHEA; CHILDREN; GASTROENTERITIS AB Nearly full-length genomic segments 2 and a partial-length genomic segment 1 of human picobirnavirus were cloned and sequenced. The clones were derived from viruses obtained from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in Atlanta, Georgia (strains 3-GA-91 and 4-GA-91) and a nonHIV-infected person from China (strain 1-CHN-97). The picobirnavirus genomic segments lacked sequence similarities with other viral sequences in GenBank and EMBL. Comparison of genomic segment 1 from a human and a rabbit picobirnavirus identified a region of 127 nucleotides with 54.7% identity. The genomic segments 2 of the 4-GA-91 and 1-CHN-97 strains had 41.4% nucleic acid identity and 30.0% amino acid similarity and contained amino acid motifs typical of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase genes. Reverse transcription-PCR detection assays were developed with primers targeted to the genomic segments 2 of strains 4-GA-91 or 1-CHN-97. Picobirnaviruses related to the China strain were the predominant viruses detected in stool samples from people in four countries on three continents. Picobirnaviruses were detected in samples from two outbreaks of gastroenteritis in long-term elder care facilities but were not determined to be the primary pathogen. Our findings support the view that picobirnaviruses constitute a distinct family of viruses. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Inst Virol, Enter Virus Branch, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. RP Monroe, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MSG04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 38 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV 25 PY 2000 VL 277 IS 2 BP 316 EP 329 DI 10.1006/viro.2000.0594 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 379EQ UT WOS:000165628300010 PM 11080479 ER PT J AU Damaso, CRA Esposito, JJ Condit, RC Moussatche, N AF Damaso, CRA Esposito, JJ Condit, RC Moussatche, N TI An emergent poxvirus from humans and cattle in Rio de Janeiro State: Cantagalo virus may derive from Brazilian smallpox vaccine SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cantagalo virus; vaccinia virus; smallpox vaccine; emergent virus ID MAHARASHTRA STATE; ORTHOPOXVIRUS DNA; PROTEIN; COWPOX; RABIES; BUFFALOPOX; MONKEYPOX; EUROPE; GENE AB The biological properties of poxvirus isolates from skin lesions on dairy cows and milkers during recent exanthem episodes in Cantagalo County, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, were more like vaccinia virus (VV) than cowpox virus. PCR amplification of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene substantiated the isolate classification as an Old World orthopoxvirus, and alignment of the HA sequences with those of other orthopoxviruses indicated that all the isolates represented a single strain of VV, which we have designated Cantagalo virus (CTGV). HA sequences of the Brazilian smallpox vaccine strain (VV-IOC), used over 20 years ago, and CTGV showed 98.2% identity; phylogeny inference of CTGV, VV-IOC, and 12 VV strains placed VV-IOC and CTGV together in a distinct clade. Viral DNA restriction patterns and protein profiles showed a few differences between VV-IOC and CTGV Together, the data suggested that CTGV may have derived from VV-IOC by persisting in an indigenous animal(s), accumulating polymorphisms, and now emerging in cattle and milkers as CTGV. CTGV may represent the first case of long-term persistence of vaccinia in the New World. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 UFRJ, CCS, Inst Biofis Carlos Chagas Filho, Mol Biol Lab, BR-21941900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Moussatche, N (reprint author), UFRJ, CCS, Inst Biofis Carlos Chagas Filho, Mol Biol Lab, BR-21941900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 18094] NR 41 TC 158 Z9 163 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV 25 PY 2000 VL 277 IS 2 BP 439 EP 449 DI 10.1006/viro.2000.0603 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 379EQ UT WOS:000165628300022 PM 11080491 ER PT J AU Solet, D Krieger, J Stout, J Lui, L AF Solet, D Krieger, J Stout, J Lui, L TI Childhood asthma hospitalizations - King County, Washington, 1987-1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 929-933, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID RATES C1 Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CDC, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Solet, D (reprint author), Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 22 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 20 BP 2586 EP 2588 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 373NU UT WOS:000165296200011 ER PT J AU Kohn, M Flood, H Chase, J McMahon, PM AF Kohn, M Flood, H Chase, J McMahon, PM TI Prevalence and health consequences of stalking - Louisiana, 1998-1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 653-655, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR 97225 USA. CDC, Family & Intimate Partner Violence Prevent Team, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kohn, M (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR 97225 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 22 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 20 BP 2588 EP 2589 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 373NU UT WOS:000165296200012 ER PT J AU Reese, S Owen, P Bender, B Potts, G Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelman, F Bullo, I Hoecherl, S Martin, L Reyes-Salvail, F Aydelotte, J Steiner, B Stemnock, L Igbokwe, J Hunt, C Sparks, T Bates, B Maines, D Weinstein, A Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Johnson, D Jackson-Thompson, J Feigley, P Andelt, L DeJan, E Powers, L Boeselager, G Honey, W Baker, C Gizlice, Z Shireley, L Pullen, P Baker, K Pickle, K Mann, L Cintron, Y Hesser, J Wu, M Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Condon, K Marti, K Roe, C Carswell, K Wynkoop-Simmons, K King, F Pearson, K Futa, M AF Reese, S Owen, P Bender, B Potts, G Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelman, F Bullo, I Hoecherl, S Martin, L Reyes-Salvail, F Aydelotte, J Steiner, B Stemnock, L Igbokwe, J Hunt, C Sparks, T Bates, B Maines, D Weinstein, A Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Johnson, D Jackson-Thompson, J Feigley, P Andelt, L DeJan, E Powers, L Boeselager, G Honey, W Baker, C Gizlice, Z Shireley, L Pullen, P Baker, K Pickle, K Mann, L Cintron, Y Hesser, J Wu, M Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Condon, K Marti, K Roe, C Carswell, K Wynkoop-Simmons, K King, F Pearson, K Futa, M TI Levels of diabetes-related preventive-care practices - United States, 1997-1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 954-959, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Epidemiol & Stat Branch, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reese, S (reprint author), CDC, Epidemiol & Stat Branch, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 22 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 20 BP 2589 EP 2590 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 373NU UT WOS:000165296200013 ER PT J AU Perez, ME Glass, R Alvarez, G Pericchi, LR Gonzalez, R Kapikian, AZ Perez-Schael, I AF Perez, ME Glass, R Alvarez, G Pericchi, LR Gonzalez, R Kapikian, AZ Perez-Schael, I TI Rhesus rotavirus-based quadrivalent vaccine is efficacious despite age, socioeconomic conditions and seasonality in Venezuela SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; vaccine; efficacy; seasonality; socioeconomic status ID SAFETY; CHILDREN; INFECTION; INFANTS; TRIAL AB This report describes the results of additional analyses of the trial carried out with the rhesus rotavirus-based quadrivalent vaccine in Venezuela. In the present study, we re-examined the data from this previous rotavirus vaccine trial to assess the statistical interaction between vaccine efficacy and (i) the duration of efficacy into the second year of life, (ii) socioeconomic conditions, and (iii) rotavirus seasonality. We found that among Venezuelan children, the rotavirus vaccine confers protection against severe diarrhea during the first 2 years of life independently of socioeconomic conditions and seasonality. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cent Univ Venezuela, Minist Sanidad & Asistencia Social, Inst Biomed Fuvesin, Secc Invest Enfermedades Enter, Caracas 1010A, Venezuela. Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Comp Cientif & Estadist, Ctr Estadist & Software Matemat, CESMa, Caracas, Venezuela. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Perez-Schael, I (reprint author), Cent Univ Venezuela, Minist Sanidad & Asistencia Social, Inst Biomed Fuvesin, Secc Invest Enfermedades Enter, AP 4043,Carmelitas, Caracas 1010A, Venezuela. EM iperez@reacciun.ve NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 22 PY 2000 VL 19 IS 7-8 BP 976 EP 981 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 380PA UT WOS:000165709200037 ER PT J AU Hooper, WC Phillips, DJ AF Hooper, WC Phillips, DJ TI Activated protein C induction of -CC- chemokines in monocytic cells is dependent on their state of differentiation. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 194 BP 47A EP 47A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WB UT WOS:000165256100195 ER PT J AU Lane, DJ Sher, G Ward, B Ndao, M Leiby, D Hewlett, B AF Lane, DJ Sher, G Ward, B Ndao, M Leiby, D Hewlett, B TI Investigation of the second case of transfusion transmitted Chagas disease in Canada. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Canadian Red Cross Blood Transfus Serv, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Canadian Red Cross Blood Transfus Serv, Ottawa, ON, Canada. MTDU, Montreal, PQ, Canada. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hlth Sci Ctr, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 252 BP 60A EP 60A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WB UT WOS:000165256100253 ER PT J AU Philipp, CS Dilley, A Miller, CH Bachmann, G Siegel, J Evatt, B Saidi, P AF Philipp, CS Dilley, A Miller, CH Bachmann, G Siegel, J Evatt, B Saidi, P TI Platelet dysfunction and other hemostatic abnormalities among women with unexplained menorrhagia. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Med, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Obstet Gynecol, New Brunswick, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 1091 BP 254A EP 254A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WB UT WOS:000165256101092 ER PT J AU Miller, CH Dilley, A Richardson, L Evatt, BL AF Miller, CH Dilley, A Richardson, L Evatt, BL TI Chances in von Willebrand factor and factor VIII during the menstrual cycle. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 2738 BP 637A EP + PN 1 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WB UT WOS:000165256102738 ER PT J AU Dilley, AB Hooper, WC Miller, CH Austin, H El-Jamil, M Cottrell, S Benito, C Bruce, E Philipp, CS AF Dilley, AB Hooper, WC Miller, CH Austin, H El-Jamil, M Cottrell, S Benito, C Bruce, E Philipp, CS TI Maternal coagulation genes and recurrent fetal loss: A protective effect for Factor V Leiden. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, New Brunswick, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 2753 BP 640A EP + PN 1 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WB UT WOS:000165256102753 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ AF Khoury, MJ TI Will genetics revolutionize medicine? SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 343 IS 20 BP 1497 EP 1497 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 373CR UT WOS:000165271300025 PM 11184470 ER PT J AU Butera, ST Brown, J Callahan, ME Owen, SM Matthews, AL Weigner, DD Chapman, LE Sandstrom, PA AF Butera, ST Brown, J Callahan, ME Owen, SM Matthews, AL Weigner, DD Chapman, LE Sandstrom, PA TI Survey of veterinary conference attendees for evidence of zoonotic infection by feline retroviruses SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS; LEUKEMIA VIRUSES; CATCH LEUKEMIA; UNITED-STATES; FOAMY VIRUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ANTIBODIES; CANCER; DEATH AB Objective-To examine exposure risks, possibility of zoonosis, and potential disease associations for feline retroviruses among a group of occupationally exposed individuals. Design-Unlinked voluntary cross-sectional epidemiologic survey. Sample Population-204 veterinarians, laboratory scientists, and other occupationally exposed individuals who attended a veterinary conference on feline geriatric medicine. Procedure-Blood was collected from participants who also completed a 13-question survey requesting demographic, occupational, exposure, and health information. Blood specimens were fractionated into plasma and mononuclear cell components. Plasma was tested for antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline foamy virus (FeFV), as well as p27 antigen of FeLV. Mononuclear cell lysates were tested for FeLV provirus. Results-Subjects reported extensive duration of work with cats (mean, 17.3 years) and multiple highrisk exposures (eg, cat bites, scratches, and injuries with sharp instruments) per year. However, neither serologic nor molecular evidence of zoonosis with any of the 3 feline retroviruses was detected. Conclusions and Clinical Relevane-Veterinarians encounter occupational exposures to animal material that place them at high risk for zoonoses. For feline retroviruses, the risk of zoonosis among healthy adult humans appears to be extremely small. However, potential for retroviral zoonosis, especially for viruses such as FeLV and FeFV that can replicate in human cells, cannot be eliminated, and universal precautions to reduce potential exposures should be used when handling sick cats. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cat Doctor Inc, Atlanta, GA 30342 USA. Lab Ctr Dis Control, Hlth Protect Branch, Natl HIV AIDS Labs, Bur HIV AIDS STD & TB, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. RP Butera, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-G19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 15 PY 2000 VL 217 IS 10 BP 1475 EP 1479 DI 10.2460/javma.2000.217.1475 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 373QA UT WOS:000165299100017 PM 11128537 ER PT J AU Savioli, L Neira, M Albonico, M Beach, MJ Chwaya, HM Crompton, DWT Dunne, J Ehrenberg, JP Gyorkos, T Kvalsvig, J Taylor, MG Urbani, C Zheng, F AF Savioli, L Neira, M Albonico, M Beach, MJ Chwaya, HM Crompton, DWT Dunne, J Ehrenberg, JP Gyorkos, T Kvalsvig, J Taylor, MG Urbani, C Zheng, F TI Treatment for intestinal helminth infection - Review needed to take account of all relevant evidence, not only effects on growth and cognitive performance SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Letter ID DEWORMING PROGRAM; CHILDREN C1 WHO, Control Prevent & Eradicat, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Ivo de Carneri Fdn, I-10122 Turin, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ivo de Carneri Publ Hlth Lab, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Univ Glasgow, Inst Biomed & Life Sci, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Soil Transmitted Helminthiases, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. WHO, Div Drug Management & Policies, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC 20037 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal Gen Hosp, Div Clin Epidemiol, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A4, Canada. Univ Natal, Child Dev Programme, ZA-4041 Natal, RN, South Africa. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1E 7HT, England. WHO, Representat Off, Hanoi 1000, Vietnam. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Inst Parasit Dis, Shanghai 200025, Peoples R China. RP Savioli, L (reprint author), WHO, Control Prevent & Eradicat, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. OI ALBONICO, Marco/0000-0002-7805-2391 NR 3 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-8138 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD NOV 11 PY 2000 VL 321 IS 7270 BP 1226 EP 1226 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 374RA UT WOS:000165357100052 PM 11185587 ER EF