FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Sidhu, JS Floyd, RL AF Sidhu, JS Floyd, RL TI Alcohol use among women of childbearing age - United States, 1991-1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 273-276, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sidhu, JS (reprint author), CDC, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 24 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 16 BP 2069 EP 2071 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 542ZK UT WOS:000175075700009 ER PT J AU Apanian, D Malvitz, D Presson, S AF Apanian, D Malvitz, D Presson, S TI Populations receiving optimally fluoridated public drinking water - United States, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 144-147, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID DENTITION; CARIES C1 CDC, DDS, Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Apanian, D (reprint author), CDC, DDS, Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 24 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 16 BP 2071 EP 2072 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 542ZK UT WOS:000175075700010 ER PT J AU Hennessy, TW Bruden, D Petersen, KM Parkinson, AJ Hurlburt, D Getty, M Butler, JC Schwartz, B AF Hennessy, TW Bruden, D Petersen, KM Parkinson, AJ Hurlburt, D Getty, M Butler, JC Schwartz, B TI Effect of high-dose amoxicillin on the prevalence of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in rural Alaska SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hennessy, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 24 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 16 BP 2078 EP 2079 DI 10.1001/jama.287.16.2078 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 542ZK UT WOS:000175075700024 PM 11966381 ER PT J AU Nicoletti, A Bartoloni, A Reggio, A Bartalesi, F Roselli, M Sofia, V Chavez, JR Barahona, HG Paradisi, F Cancrini, G Tsang, VCW Hall, AJ AF Nicoletti, A Bartoloni, A Reggio, A Bartalesi, F Roselli, M Sofia, V Chavez, JR Barahona, HG Paradisi, F Cancrini, G Tsang, VCW Hall, AJ TI Epilepsy, eysticercosis, and toxocariasis - A population-based case-control study in rural Bolivia SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; MAJOR CAUSE; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; CYSTICERCOSIS; INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; COMMUNITY; CHILDREN AB Objective: To assess the relationship between epilepsy and infection with Taenia solium and Toxocara canis with a case-control study, in the rural area of the Cordillera Province, Bolivia. Methods: A preliminary two-phase door-to-door prevalence survey determined the prevalence of epilepsy and identified cases and control subjects. At least two control subjects per case were selected, matching on sex, age, and community of residence. Cases and control subjects were assessed serologically for antibodies against T. canis by ELISA and against T solium by enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB). Results: The prevalence survey found 130 confirmed cases of epilepsy, of which 113 were eligible for the case-control study (59 partial seizures and 54 generalized seizures). Two hundred thirty-three control subjects were selected. Multivariable analysis for a matched case-control study was carried out. There was an association between E [TB positivity for T. solium and epilepsy with an OR of 1.85 (95% CI 0.99 to 3.4) for all cases, A stronger association was found in those with partial epilepsy with a late onset of disease (15 years and older), where the OR was 3.66 (95% CI 1.11) to 12.10). A positive association was also found with T canis for all cases with an OR of 2.70 (95% CI 1.41 to 5.19). This increased for those with late-onset partial epilepsy to an OR of 18.22 (95% Cl 2.10 to 158.10). Conclusion: This finding suggests that both neurocysticercosis and toxocariasis may in part explain the higher prevalence of epilepsy, particularly partial epilepsy, in developing countries. C1 Univ Catania, Inst Neurol Sci, I-95125 Catania, Italy. Univ Florence, Inst Infect Dis, I-50121 Florence, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Inst Parasitol, Rome, Italy. Hlth Dist, Camiri, Bolivia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England. RP Nicoletti, A (reprint author), Univ Catania, Inst Neurol Sci, Via S Sofia 78, I-95125 Catania, Italy. NR 34 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD APR 23 PY 2002 VL 58 IS 8 BP 1256 EP 1261 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 543QR UT WOS:000175113100019 PM 11971095 ER PT J AU Goff, DC Labarthe, DR Howard, G Russell, GB AF Goff, DC Labarthe, DR Howard, G Russell, GB TI Primary prevention of high blood cholesterol concentrations in the United States SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DISEASE; ADULTS AB Background: Mean concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) among adults have declined in the United States for decades. Whether the decline has been owing to prevention of high TC levels or treatment of high TC levels once present is not known. Objective: To determine whether population-wide influences and/or the high-risk approach have been operating to produce the well-known decline in mean TC concentration in tire US population. Methods: We examined changes in the distribution of TC levels across US birth cohorts as sampled in the National Health Examination Survey and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys I, II, and III. We tested the hypotheses that the age-adjusted 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles of TC levels were lower in more recent US birth cohorts than in earlier cohorts. Results: Data were analyzed for 49 536 participants born between 1887 and 1975 and examined at ages 18 through 74years between 1959 and 1994. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles of TC levels (adjusted for age, race, and sex) were estimated to be lower by 3.4, 3.9, 4.7, 5.7, and 7.1 mg/dL (0.09, 0.10, 0.12, 0.15, and 0.18 mmol/L), respectively, for every successive 10 years in date of birth (P<001 for each estimate). Conclusions: The declines in TC levels associated with successive birth cohorts were greater at the upper aspect of the distribution, probably because of the combination of population influences and treatment effects. The differences seen at the lower percentiles support the contention that a strong prevention effect occurred in the US population from 1959 through 1994. Greater understanding of this dramatic shift in the distribution of TC levels could support future prevention efforts. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Goff, DC (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. RI Hrafnkelsson, Hannes/C-8490-2011 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [1 R03 HL58697] NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD APR 22 PY 2002 VL 162 IS 8 BP 913 EP 919 DI 10.1001/archinte.162.8.913 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 542JH UT WOS:000175039400008 PM 11966343 ER PT J AU Goldie, SJ Kaplan, JE Losina, E Weinstein, MC Paltiel, AD Seage, GR Craven, DE Kimmel, AD Zhang, H Cohen, CJ Freedberg, KA AF Goldie, SJ Kaplan, JE Losina, E Weinstein, MC Paltiel, AD Seage, GR Craven, DE Kimmel, AD Zhang, H Cohen, CJ Freedberg, KA TI Prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia - Using simulation Modeling to inform clinical guidelines SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; TOXOPLASMIC ENCEPHALITIS; AEROSOLIZED PENTAMIDINE; SECONDARY PROPHYLAXIS AB Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have experienced a dramatic decrease in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), necessitating reassessment of clinical guidelines for prophylaxis. Methods: A simulation model of HIV infection was used to estimate the lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) for alternative CD4 cell count criteria for stopping primary PCP prophylaxis in patients with CD4 cell count increases receiving HAART and alternative agents for second-line PCP prophylaxis in those intolerant of trimethoprim-sulfametlloxazole (TMP/SMX). The target population was a cohort of HIV-infected patients in the United States with initial CD4 cell counts of 350/muL who began PCP prophylaxis after their first measured CD4 lymphocyte count less than 200/muL. Data were from randomized controlled trials and other published literature. Results: For patients with CD4 cell count increases during HAART, waiting to stop prophylaxis until the first observed CD4 cell count was greater than 300/muL prevented 9 additional cases per 1000 patients and cost $9400 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained compared with stopping prophylaxis at 200/muL. For patients intolerant of TMP/SMX, using dapsone increased QALE by 2.7 months and cost $4500 per QALY compared with no prophylaxis. Using atovaquone rather than dapsone provided only 3 days of additional QALE and cost more than $1.5 million per QALY. Conclusions: Delaying discontinuation of PCP prophylaxis until the first observed CD4 cell count greater than 300/uL is cost-effective and provides an explicit "PCP prophylaxis stopping criterion." In TMP/SMX-intolerant patients, dapsone is more cost-effective than atovaquone. C1 Harvard Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Risk Anal, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Community Res Initiat New England, Brookline, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Gen Med, Boston, MA USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Goldie, SJ (reprint author), Harvard Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Risk Anal, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, 718 Huntington Ave,2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI042006, R01-AI42006]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU 114927, U64/CCU 119525-01] NR 78 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD APR 22 PY 2002 VL 162 IS 8 BP 921 EP 928 DI 10.1001/archinte.162.8.921 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 542JH UT WOS:000175039400009 PM 11966344 ER PT J AU Willis, BM Levy, BS AF Willis, BM Levy, BS TI Child prostitution: global health burden, research needs, and interventions SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID SEX WORKERS AB Child prostitution is a significant global problem that has yet to receive appropriate medical and public health attention. Worldwide, an estimated 1 million children are forced into prostitution every year and the total number of prostituted children could be as high as 10 million. Inadequate data exist on the health problems faced by prostituted children, who are at high risk of infectious disease, pregnancy, mental illness, substance abuse, and violence. Child prostitution, like other forms of child sexual abuse, is not only a cause of death and high morbidity in millions of children, but also a gross violation of their rights and dignity. In this article we estimate morbidity and mortality among prostituted children, and propose research strategies and interventions to mitigate such health consequences. Our estimates underscore the need for health professionals to collaborate with individuals and organisations that provide direct services to prostituted children. Health professionals can help efforts to prevent child prostitution through identifying contributing factors, recording the magnitude and health effects of the problem, and assisting children who have escaped prostitution. They can also help governments, UN agencies, and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to implement policies, laws, and programmes to prevent child prostitution and mitigate its effects on children's health. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Willis, BM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 8 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 20 PY 2002 VL 359 IS 9315 BP 1417 EP 1422 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08355-1 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 542ZQ UT WOS:000175076200030 PM 11978356 ER PT J CA World Hlth Org Natl Ctr Infect Dis CDC TI Progress toward global eradication of poliomyelitis, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 253-256, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 WHO, Vaccines & Biol Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP WHO, Vaccines & Biol Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 17 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 15 BP 1931 EP 1932 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 541NC UT WOS:000174989800009 ER PT J AU Stiffman, M Carr, P Yokoe, D Platt, R Blair, R Martino, L Tang, Y Ratelle, S Whelan, M Etkind, P Magid, D Lyons, E Loftin, C Freeman, N Cordova, L Whitt, P Tao, G Irwin, KL AF Stiffman, M Carr, P Yokoe, D Platt, R Blair, R Martino, L Tang, Y Ratelle, S Whelan, M Etkind, P Magid, D Lyons, E Loftin, C Freeman, N Cordova, L Whitt, P Tao, G Irwin, KL CA CDC TI Reporting of laboratory-confirmed chlamydial infection and gonorrhea by providers affiliated with three large managed care organizations - United States, 1995-1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 256-259, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID DISEASES C1 HealthPartners, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Med Sch, Harvard Vanguard Med Associates, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Wellesley, MA USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Colorado Permanente Clin Res Unit, Denver, CO USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Enviornm, Denver, CO USA. CDC, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stiffman, M (reprint author), HealthPartners, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 17 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 15 BP 1933 EP 1934 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 541NC UT WOS:000174989800010 ER PT J AU Saaddine, JB Engelgau, MM Beckles, GL Gregg, EW Thompson, TJ Narayan, KMV AF Saaddine, JB Engelgau, MM Beckles, GL Gregg, EW Thompson, TJ Narayan, KMV TI A diabetes report card for the United States: Quality of care in the 1990s SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-GLUCOSE CONTROL; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; MANAGED CARE; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; HEALTH-CARE; IMPROVEMENT PROJECT; SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; MEDICAL-CARE; MELLITUS AB Background: Improving diabetes care in the United States is a topic of concern. Objective: To document the quality of diabetes care during 1988-1995. Design: National population-based cross-sectional surveys. Setting: Third U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 111) (1988-1994) and the Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System (BRFSS) (1995). Participants: Participants in NHANES III (n = 1026) or BRFSS (n = 3059) who were 18 to 75 years of age and reported a physician diagnosis of diabetes. Women with gestational diabetes were excluded. Measurements: Glycemic control, blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level, biannual cholesterol monitoring, and annual foot and dilated eye examination, as defined by the Diabetes Quality Improvement Project. Results: 18.0% of participants (95% Cl, 15.7% to 22.3%) had poor glycemic control (hemoglobin A,, level > 9.5%), and 65.7% (Cl, 62.0% to 69.4%) had blood pressure less than 140/90 mm Hg. Cholesterol was monitored biannually in 85.3% (Cl, 83.1% to 88.6%) of participants, but only 42.0% (Cl, 34.9% to 49.1%) had LDL cholesterol levels less than 3.4 mmol/L (<130 mg/dL). During the previous year, 63.3% (Cl, 59.6% to 67.0%) had a dilated eye examination and 54.8% (Cl, 51.3% to 58.3%) had a foot examination. When researchers controlled for age, sex, ethnicity, education, health insurance, insulin use, and duration of diabetes, insured persons were more likely than uninsured persons to have a dilated eye examination (66.5% [Cl, 62.6% to 70.4%]) vs. 43.2% [Cl, 29.5% to 56.9%]) and were less likely to have a hemoglobin A, level greater than or equal to 9.5%. Persons taking insulin were more likely than those who were not to have annual dilated eye examination (72.2% [Cl, 66.3% to 78.1%] vs. 57.6% [Cl, 53.7% to 61.5%]) and foot examination (67.3% [Cl, 61.4% to 73.2%] vs. 47.1% [Cl, 43.2% to 51.0%]) but were also more likely to have poor glycemic control (24.2% [Cl, 18.3% to 30.1%] vs. 15.5% [Cl, 11.6% to 19.4%]). Conclusions: According to U.S. data collected during 1988-m1995, a gap exists between recommended diabetes care and the care patients actually receive. These data offer a benchmark for monitoring changes in diabetes care. C1 CDCP, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Saaddine, JB (reprint author), CDCP, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-K10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zna2@cdc.gov RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 58 TC 383 Z9 386 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 EI 1539-3704 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD APR 16 PY 2002 VL 136 IS 8 BP 565 EP 574 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 543WY UT WOS:000175125800001 PM 11955024 ER PT J AU Hoffman, JR Cooper, RJ Besser, RE AF Hoffman, JR Cooper, RJ Besser, RE TI Appropriate antibiotic use for acute pharyngitis - Response SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID THROAT C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hoffman, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD APR 16 PY 2002 VL 136 IS 8 BP 633 EP 633 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 543WY UT WOS:000175125800015 ER PT J AU Jones, JL Sehgal, M Maguire, JH AF Jones, JL Sehgal, M Maguire, JH TI Toxoplasmosis-associated deaths among human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons in the United States, 1992-1998 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Jones, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 2 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1161 EP 1161 DI 10.1086/339752 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 534UW UT WOS:000174608500024 PM 11915013 ER PT J AU Mandy, F Nicholson, J Autran, B Janossy, G AF Mandy, F Nicholson, J Autran, B Janossy, G TI T-cell subset counting and the fight against AIDS: Reflections over a 20-year struggle SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE CD4 T lymphocytes; HIV; flow cytometry; history of medicine; immunophenotyping gating strategies; naive/memory T cells ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; CUBIC MILLIMETER; GATING PROTOCOL; THYMIC FUNCTION; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; RETROVIRUS AB The story of T-lymphocyte subset immunophenotyping technology is reviewed on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of CD4 T-cell enumeration. Overtime, immunophenotyping has evolved into precise, reliable, but complicated and expensive technology requiring fresh blood samples. The gating technologies that were universally adapted for clinical flow cytometry for the past decade relied on rapidly deteriorating morphological scatter characteristics of leukocytes. This special issue dedicated to CD4 T-cell enumeration features most of the available new options that will have a significant impact on how this technology will be implemented within the first decade of the 21st century. In a series of original publications, including the new NIH guideline for T-cell subset enumeration, contemporary gating protocols that use immunologically logical parameters are presented as part of the more reliable and affordable immunophenotyping alternative. Some of the improvements addressed here include the costs of the assays and the capacity to monitor interlaboratory and intralaboratory performances. It is clear that an effective attack on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic has to embrace resource-poor regions. Reducing the cost of the assay while improving reliability and durability is a move in the right direction. Cytometry (Clin. Cytometry) 50: 39-45, 2002. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Hlth Canada, Natl HIV Immunol Lab, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. INSERM 543, Lab Immunol Cellulaire Pr Debre, Paris, France. UCL Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, Dept Immunol & Mol Pathol, London, England. RP Mandy, F (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Natl HIV Immunol Lab, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. EM Frank_Mandy@hc-sc.gc.ca NR 62 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 2 BP 39 EP 45 DI 10.1002/cyto.10097 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 546QL UT WOS:000175284800001 PM 12116344 ER PT J AU Schnizlein-Bick, CT Mandy, FF O'Gorman, MRG Paxton, H Nicholson, JKA Hultin, LE Gelman, RS Wilkening, CL Livnat, D AF Schnizlein-Bick, CT Mandy, FF O'Gorman, MRG Paxton, H Nicholson, JKA Hultin, LE Gelman, RS Wilkening, CL Livnat, D TI Use of CD45 gating in three and four-color flow cytometric immunophenotyping: Guideline from the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases, division of AIDS SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE HIV; CD45 gating; three-color immunophenotyping; four-color immunophenotyping; single-platform immunophenotyping ID LYMPHOCYTE-T SUBSETS; SINGLE-PLATFORM; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; CELL SUBSETS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY; ABSOLUTE; COUNTS; NUMBERS; CD4(+); VARIABILITY C1 NIAID, Div Aids, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Childrens Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Pan Bio Indx Inc, Baltimore, MD USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Biostat AIDS Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Livnat, D (reprint author), NIAID, Div Aids, NIH, 67008 Rockledge Dr,Room 5207, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01 AI 95356, U01 AI 38855] NR 27 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 2 BP 46 EP 52 DI 10.1002/cyto.10073 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 546QL UT WOS:000175284800002 PM 12116345 ER PT J AU Bergeron, M Nicholson, JKA Phaneuf, S Ding, T Soucy, N Badley, AD Foss, NCH Mandy, F AF Bergeron, M Nicholson, JKA Phaneuf, S Ding, T Soucy, N Badley, AD Foss, NCH Mandy, F TI Selection of lymphocyte gating protocol has an impact on the level of reliability of T-cell subsets in aging specimens SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE CD45 gating; intrinsic and extrinsic parameters; homogeneous and heterogeneous gating parameters; T gating; double anchor gate; light scatter gate; sequential mixed gate; integrated primary gate; single-platform absolute counting; four-color immunophenotyping; HIV-infected specimens; morphospectral lock; sequential mixed gate; isotype control; temporal robustness ID SINGLE-PLATFORM; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; CD4; COUNTS; ENUMERATION; FIXATION; BLOOD; ASSAY AB Background: In the past decade, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) lymphocyte immunophenotyping has evolved significantly. New fluorochromes, new multicolor reagents, enhanced instruments, and the capacity to provide absolute cell counts using the single-platform technique have all contributed to the reliability of T-cell subset measurements. In this study, four gating protocols were evaluated to select the most robust method for T-cell subset enumeration. Methods: Peripheral blood specimens from 21 HIV+ and 20 HIV- individuals were monitored up to 96 h. Aliquots of specimens were stored at room temperature and analyzed at 6 (baseline), 48, 72, and 96 h. Aliquots were stained with CD45-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/CD3PC5/CD4RD1/CD8ECD. Data analysis was performed with all four gating protocols. Results: Only with fresh blood did all protocols provide similar results. From samples that were 48 h old, the choice of gating strategy had a dramatic impact on immunophenotyping results. The largest deviations from baseline values occurred at 96 h and gating protocols that included dual light scatter gates provided the greatest shift of T-cell subset values over time. The gating protocols that were based exclusively an cell lineage-specific gates gave the most robust T-cell values up to 96 h. Conclusion: By selecting the appropriate gating protocol, the temporal integrity of specimens can be extended up to 4 days. Cytometry (Clin. Cytometry) 50: 53-61, 2002. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Hlth Canada, PPHB, CIDPC, STD, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ottawa Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Mandy, F (reprint author), Hlth Canada, PPHB, CIDPC, STD, LCDC 0603B1,Tunneys Pasture, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. RI badley, andrew/O-9022-2014 NR 18 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 2 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1002/cyto.10092 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 546QL UT WOS:000175284800003 PM 12116346 ER PT J AU Miles, AM Singer, PC Ashley, DL Lynberg, MC Mendola, P Langlois, PH Nuckols, JR AF Miles, AM Singer, PC Ashley, DL Lynberg, MC Mendola, P Langlois, PH Nuckols, JR TI Comparison of trihalomethanes in tap water and blood SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; DRINKING-WATER; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; BIRTH OUTCOMES; EXPOSURE; CHLORINATION; CHLOROFORM; AIR AB Trihalomethane (THM) concentrations in blood and tap water were measured for 50 women living in two locations with different bromide concentrations and disinfectant types. Blood samples were taken from each woman early in the morning prior to any major water-use activity and again immediately after showering. Each residence was sampled for THMs in tap water prior to the woman's shower. Cobb County, GA, tap water exhibited high THM concentrations composed primarily of chloroform. Corpus Christi, TX, tap water exhibited lower THM concentrations with significant proportions of brominated THMs, THMs in tap water and blood were compared using mole fraction speciation, extent of bromine incorporation, and correlation analysis, Results indicated that THMs in the blood rose significantly as a result of showering, that showering shifted the THM distribution in the blood toward that found in the corresponding tap water, and that THMs measured in the blood of women living in the two locations reflected species and concentration differences in their respective tap waters. In general, blood concentrations were not significantly correlated with tap water concentrations. This finding suggests that other factors, in addition to tap water concentrations, may be important in determining THM concentrations in the blood. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Texas Birth Defects Monitoring Div, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Singer, PC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, CB 7400, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. OI Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844 NR 31 TC 57 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1692 EP 1698 DI 10.1021/es001991j PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 541GF UT WOS:000174976300008 PM 11993865 ER PT J AU Weinstock, H Dale, M Gwinn, M Satten, GA Kothe, D Mei, J Royalty, J Linley, L Fridlund, C Parekh, B Rawal, BD Busch, MP Janssen, RS AF Weinstock, H Dale, M Gwinn, M Satten, GA Kothe, D Mei, J Royalty, J Linley, L Fridlund, C Parekh, B Rawal, BD Busch, MP Janssen, RS TI HIV seroincidence among patients at clinics for sexually transmitted diseases in nine cities in the United States SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; sexually transmitted diseases; incidence; men who have sex with men; heterosexuals ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; TESTING STRATEGY; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; RECOMMENDATIONS; TRENDS; PANEL; AIDS AB Although the numbers of newly reported diagnoses of AIDS decreased in the 1990s it is not clear whether they reflect a decreasing number of new HIV infections, Direct measurement of HIV incidence through follow-up cohort studies is difficult and costly. We estimated HIV incidence and trends in incidence among men who have sex with men (MSM) and heterosexual men and women at clinics for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) by using a recently developed serologic testing algorithm that requires only a single blood specimen. Cross-sectional anonymous serosurveys were conducted at 13 STD clinics in nine cities in the United States from 1991 through 1997. Before anonymous HIV testing, demographic and clinical information was abstracted. Of 129.774 specimens tested, 362 (0.28%) were from persons estimated to be recently infected, Incidence among MSM was 7.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.8-10.3). 14 times higher than that among, heterosexuals. which was 0.5% (CI: 0.4-0.7). Incidence among MSM and heterosexuals remained unchanged during the time studied. Decreasing rates of new AIDS diagnose,, in the 1990s do not reflect stable rates of new HIV infections among, MSM and heterosexual patient,,, attending these clinics. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Blood Ctr Pacific, San Francisco, CA USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Weinstock, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 5 BP 478 EP 483 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 543YB UT WOS:000175129700008 PM 11981364 ER PT J AU Schwarcz, S Hsu, L Chu, PL Parisi, MK Bangsberg, D Hurley, L Pearlman, J Marsh, K Katz, M AF Schwarcz, S Hsu, L Chu, PL Parisi, MK Bangsberg, D Hurley, L Pearlman, J Marsh, K Katz, M TI Evaluation of a non-name-based HIV reporting system in San Francisco SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; surveillance; disease reporting ID AIDS SURVEILLANCE; INFECTION; IMPACT; MEN AB Objective: To develop and evaluate a non-name-based HIV reporting system, Methods: A population-based study of the accuracy of a set of non-name codes and a prospective study of a laboratory-initiated HIV surveillance system conducted at a county hospital (site I) and a health maintenance organization (site 2). Participants were persons reported with AIDS in San Francisco and patients with a positive test result for HIV antibody, p24 antigen, viral load, or a CD4 count at the study sites. Results: Proper match rate was 95% for record,, with complete codes an records with at least 50% of the codes. Proper non-match rate was 99% for records with all code elements and 96% for records with at least 50% of the elements. Completeness of reporting was 89% (site 1) and 87% (site 2). Median number of days between test and receipt of test report at the health department was 9 days at site 1 and 7 days at site 2. During 1999. 78% of HIV-infected patients at site 1 and 87% at site 2 had an HIV-specific laboratory test. Conclusions: A non-name-based laboratory reporting system for HIV is feasible. C1 San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. San Francisco Gen Hosp, Epidemiol & Prevent Intervent Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Grp, San Francisco, CA USA. US CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schwarcz, S (reprint author), San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, 25 Van Ness Ave Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 5 BP 504 EP 510 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 543YB UT WOS:000175129700011 PM 11981367 ER PT J AU Montavon, C Toure-Kane, C Nkengasong, JN Vergne, L Hertogs, K Mboup, S Delaporte, E Peeters, M AF Montavon, C Toure-Kane, C Nkengasong, JN Vergne, L Hertogs, K Mboup, S Delaporte, E Peeters, M TI CRF06-cpx: A new circulating recombinant form of HIV-1 in West Africa involving subtypes A, G, K, and J SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; subtypes; recombination; CRF; Africa ID INJECTING DRUG-USERS; GROUP-O STRAINS; TYPE-1; VIRUS; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIC; GENOME; RESISTANCE; COUNTRIES AB Phylogenetic analysis of numerous strains of HIV-1 isolated from diverse geographic origins has revealed three distinct groups of HIV-1: groups M, N, and O, Within group M, sub-subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) exist. Recently. two near-full-length genomes of similar complex mosaic viruses containing fragments of subtypes A. G. I, and J were described in patients from Burkina Faso (BFP-90) and Mali (95ML-84). Here, we report oil the characterization of two additional full-length genome sequences with similar mosaic structure in epidemiologically unlinked individuals from Senegal (97SE-1078) and Mali (95ML-127). Phylogenetic and recombinant analysis confirmed that the previously described strains, BFP-90 and 95ML-84, were indeed a new CRF of HIV-1, which we can now designate as CRF06-cpx. This new CRF fits the complex (cpx) designation. because four different subtypes (A. G, K. and J) were involved in the mosaic genome structure. The fragment in the pol gene. which was initially characterized as unknown in the BFP-90 strain and subsequently as subtype 1 in the 95ML-84 strain, is now, with the recent description of the new K subtype. clearly identified as subtype K. CRF06-cpx circulates in Senegal. Mali. Burkina Faso. Ivory Coast. and Nigeria, although the exact prevalence remains to be determined. Importantly, this new variant has also been documented on other continents (Europe [France] and Australia). showing that these viruses are spreading not only locally but globally. C1 IRD, Lab Retrovirus, UR36, F-34032 Montpellier 1, France. Hop Dantec, Dakar, Senegal. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr STD HIV & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Virco Grp Companies, Mechelen, Belgium. CHU Gui Chaulhiac, Montpellier, France. RP Peeters, M (reprint author), IRD, Lab Retrovirus, UR36, 911 Ave Agropolis BP 5045, F-34032 Montpellier 1, France. NR 30 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 5 BP 522 EP 530 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 543YB UT WOS:000175129700014 PM 11981370 ER PT J AU Bridges, CB Lim, W Hu-Primmer, J Sims, L Fukuda, K Mak, KH Rowe, T Thompson, WW Conn, L Lu, XH Cox, NJ Katz, JM AF Bridges, CB Lim, W Hu-Primmer, J Sims, L Fukuda, K Mak, KH Rowe, T Thompson, WW Conn, L Lu, XH Cox, NJ Katz, JM TI Risk of influenza A (H5N1) infection among poultry workers, Hong Kong, 1997-1998 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Congress on Options for the Control of Influenza CY SEP 23-28, 2000 CL HERSONISSOS, GREECE ID A H5N1; VIRUSES; TRANSMISSION; HOUSEHOLD; VIRULENT; ANTIBODY; HUMANS AB In 1997, outbreaks of highly pathogenic influenza A (H5N1) among poultry coincided with 18 documented human cases of H5N1 illness. Although exposure to live poultry was associated with human illness, no cases were documented among poultry workers (PWs). To evaluate the potential for avian-to-human transmission of H5N1, a cohort study was conducted among 293 Hong Kong government workers (GWs) who participated in a poultry culling operation and among 1525 PWs. Paired serum samples collected from GWs and single serum samples collected from PWs were considered to be anti-H5 antibody positive if they were positive by both micro-neutralization and Western blot testing. Among GWs, 3% were seropositive, and 1 seroconversion was documented. Among PWs, similar to10% had anti-H5 antibody. More-intensive poultry exposure, such as butchering and exposure to ill poultry, was associated with having anti-H5 antibody. These findings suggest an increased risk for avian influenza infection from occupational exposure. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Queen Mary Hosp, Govt Virus Unit, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Hong Kong Special Adm Reg, Dept Hlth, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Hong Kong Special Adm Reg, Dept Agr & Fisheries, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Bridges, CB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS A 32,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 177 Z9 200 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 8 BP 1005 EP 1010 DI 10.1086/340044 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 536XH UT WOS:000174726800002 PM 11930308 ER PT J AU Xu, FJ Schillinger, JA Sternberg, MR Johnson, RE Lee, FK Nahmias, AJ Markowitz, LE AF Xu, FJ Schillinger, JA Sternberg, MR Johnson, RE Lee, FK Nahmias, AJ Markowitz, LE TI Seroprevalence and coinfection with herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in the United States, 1988-1994 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GENITAL HERPES; GLYCOPROTEIN; INFECTIONS AB Seroprevalence of and coinfection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) in the United States were analyzed by use of data from a nationally representative survey (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988-1994). Evidence was explored for possible protection by prior HSV-1 infection against infection and clinical disease with HSV-2. Overall, 27.1% of persons aged greater than or equal to 12 years were seronegative for HSV-1 and HSV-2; 51.0% were seropositive for HSV-1 only, 5.3% for HSV-2 only, and 16.6% for both HSV-1 and HSV-2. The seroprevalence of HSV-2 was higher in persons with HSV-1 antibody. Approximately 76% of persons who had HSV-2 antibody also had HSV-1 antibody. Persons seropositive for HSV-2 only reported a history of genital herpes more frequently (16.2%) than persons seropositive for both HSV-1 and HSV-2 (5.9%). The seroprevalence of HSV-1 and age at infection may influence the epidemiology of clinical genital herpes, even if prior HSV-1 infection does not prevent HSV-2 infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat Serv, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Xu, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat Serv, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 132 Z9 135 U1 2 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 8 BP 1019 EP 1024 DI 10.1086/340041 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 536XH UT WOS:000174726800004 PM 11930310 ER PT J AU Aidoo, M Terlouw, DJ Kolczak, M McElroy, PD ter Kuile, FO Kariuki, S Nahlen, BL Lal, AA Udhayakumar, V AF Aidoo, M Terlouw, DJ Kolczak, M McElroy, PD ter Kuile, FO Kariuki, S Nahlen, BL Lal, AA Udhayakumar, V TI Protective effects of the sickle cell gene against malaria morbidity and mortality SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; COHORT AB The high frequency of the sickle-cell haemoglobin (HbS) gene in malaria endemic regions is believed to be due to a heterozygote (HbAS) advantage against fatal malaria. Data to prospectively confirm the protection associated with HbAS against mortality are lacking. We show that HbAS provides significant protection against all-cause mortality, severe malarial anaemia, and high-density parasitaemia. This significant reduction in mortality was detected between the ages of 2 and 16 months, the highest risk period for severe malarial anaemia in this area. These data are important in understanding the role of malaria In the selection and maintenance of the sickle cell gene. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Vector Biol & Control Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. Amsterdam Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Aidoo, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 284 Z9 290 U1 19 U2 142 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 13 PY 2002 VL 359 IS 9314 BP 1311 EP 1312 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08273-9 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 541NB UT WOS:000174989700016 PM 11965279 ER PT J AU Kew, O Morris-Glasgow, V Landaverde, M Burns, C Shaw, J Garib, Z Andre, J Blackman, E Freeman, CJ Jorba, J Sutter, R Tambini, G Venczel, L Pedreira, C Laender, F Shimizu, H Yoneyama, T Miyamura, T van der Avoort, H Oberste, MS Kilpatrick, D Cochi, S Pallansch, M de Quadros, C AF Kew, O Morris-Glasgow, V Landaverde, M Burns, C Shaw, J Garib, Z Andre, J Blackman, E Freeman, CJ Jorba, J Sutter, R Tambini, G Venczel, L Pedreira, C Laender, F Shimizu, H Yoneyama, T Miyamura, T van der Avoort, H Oberste, MS Kilpatrick, D Cochi, S Pallansch, M de Quadros, C TI Outbreak of poliomyelitis in Hispaniola associated with circulating type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; REGION; DETERMINANTS; ATTENUATION; RNA AB An outbreak of paralytic poliomyelitis occurred in the Dominican Republic (13 confirmed cases) and Haiti (8 confirmed cases, including 2 fatal cases) during 2000-2001. All but one of the patients were either unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated children, and cases occurred in communities with very Low (7 to 40%) rates of coverage with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). The outbreak was associated with the circulation of a derivative of the type 1 OPV strain, probably originating from a single OPV dose given in 1998-1999. The vaccine-derived poliovirus associated with the outbreak had biological properties indistinguishable from those of wild poliovirus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Caribbean Epidemiol Ctr Lab, Port of Spain, Trinid & Tobago. PAHO, Div Vaccines & Immunizat, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Minist Hlth, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Minist Publ Hlth, Port au Prince, Haiti. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Vaccine Preventable Dis Eradicat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. PAHO, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. PAHO, Port au Prince, Haiti. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Virol 2, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 162, Japan. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Polio Lab, RIVM, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Kew, O (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 329 Z9 355 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 12 PY 2002 VL 296 IS 5566 BP 356 EP 359 DI 10.1126/science.1068284 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 541TJ UT WOS:000175000300061 PM 11896235 ER PT J AU Zayas, CF Perlino, C Caliendo, A Jackson, D Martinez, EJ Tso, P Heffron, TG Logan, JL Herwaldt, BL Moore, AC Steurer, FJ Bern, C Maguire, JH AF Zayas, CF Perlino, C Caliendo, A Jackson, D Martinez, EJ Tso, P Heffron, TG Logan, JL Herwaldt, BL Moore, AC Steurer, FJ Bern, C Maguire, JH CA CDC TI Chagas disease after organ transplantation - United States, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 210-212, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zayas, CF (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 1 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 10 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 14 BP 1795 EP 1796 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 539QJ UT WOS:000174881700009 ER PT J AU Khatri, GR Frieden, TR Wells, CR Thorpe, L AF Khatri, GR Frieden, TR Wells, CR Thorpe, L CA CDC TI Progress toward tuberculosis control - India, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 229-232, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 WHO, Reg Off SE Asia, Stop TB Unit, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. WHO, India Cty Off, New Delhi, India. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 10 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 14 BP 1796 EP 1797 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 539QJ UT WOS:000174881700010 ER PT J AU Haupt, T Davis, JP Warshauer, D Beach, M Johnson, S AF Haupt, T Davis, JP Warshauer, D Beach, M Johnson, S CA CDC TI Manufacturer's recall of rapid assay kits based on false positive Cryptosporidium antigen tests - Wisconsin, 2001-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 189, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 10 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 14 BP 1798 EP 1798 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 539QJ UT WOS:000174881700012 ER PT J AU Ayala, C Keenan, NL Greenlund, K Donehoo, R Neff, L Williams, J Croft, J Zheng, ZJ AF Ayala, C Keenan, NL Greenlund, K Donehoo, R Neff, L Williams, J Croft, J Zheng, ZJ TI Trends in African American-to-White disparities in stroke mortality - US, 1990-1998 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD APR 9 PY 2002 VL 105 IS 14 MA 165 BP E116 EP E116 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 541MA UT WOS:000174987300168 ER PT J AU Botto, L Campbell, RM Coleman, K Correa, A Elixson, EM Erickson, JD Fernhoff, PM Mahle, WT May, KM Merritt, R O'Leary, L Rasmussen, S Wong, LY AF Botto, L Campbell, RM Coleman, K Correa, A Elixson, EM Erickson, JD Fernhoff, PM Mahle, WT May, KM Merritt, R O'Leary, L Rasmussen, S Wong, LY TI The contribution of the 22q11 deletion to heart defects: A population study SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD APR 9 PY 2002 VL 105 IS 14 MA 35 BP E92 EP E92 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 541MA UT WOS:000174987300044 ER PT J AU Dal, S Labarthe, DR Harriet, RB Grunbaum, JA Mueller, WH Steffen, LM AF Dal, S Labarthe, DR Harriet, RB Grunbaum, JA Mueller, WH Steffen, LM TI Change in body fatness influences blood lipid levels in children and Adolescents: Longitudinal findings from project heartbeat! SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77225 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD APR 9 PY 2002 VL 105 IS 14 MA 133 BP E110 EP E110 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 541MA UT WOS:000174987300136 ER PT J AU Ni, H AF Ni, H TI Prevalence of heart failure among US adults: Results from the 1999 National Health Interview Survey SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, CDC, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD APR 9 PY 2002 VL 105 IS 14 MA 3 BP E86 EP E86 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 541MA UT WOS:000174987300012 ER PT J AU Williams, JE Couper, DJ Sanford, CP Lamar-Welch, V Tyroler, HA Mosely, T AF Williams, JE Couper, DJ Sanford, CP Lamar-Welch, V Tyroler, HA Mosely, T TI Convergence of trait anger and vital exhaustion and the risk of myocardial infarction: The atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth, Raleigh, NC USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Mississippi, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD APR 9 PY 2002 VL 105 IS 14 MA 19 BP E89 EP E89 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 541MA UT WOS:000174987300028 ER PT J AU Zheng, ZJ Croft, JB Greenlund, KJ Labarthe, D Mensah, GA AF Zheng, ZJ Croft, JB Greenlund, KJ Labarthe, D Mensah, GA TI Potential impact of deaths caused from unspecified cardiovascular disease and ill-defined causes on US national trends in coronary Heart Disease Mortality, 1979-1998 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD APR 9 PY 2002 VL 105 IS 14 MA 166 BP E116 EP E116 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 541MA UT WOS:000174987300169 ER PT J AU Black, CG Barnwell, JW Huber, CS Galinski, MR Coppel, RL AF Black, CG Barnwell, JW Huber, CS Galinski, MR Coppel, RL TI The Plasmodium vivax homologues of merozoite surface proteins 4 and 5 from Plasmodium falciparum are expressed at different locations in the merozoite SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malaria; Plasmodium vivax; Plasmodium falciparum; merozoite surface protein; MSP4; MSP5 ID CARBOXYL-TERMINAL FRAGMENT; PROTECTIVE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; FACTOR-LIKE DOMAINS; RNA GENE-SEQUENCES; ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES; VACCINE CANDIDATE; HUMAN MALARIA; YOELII; GROWTH; ANTIBODIES AB Merozoite surface proteins of are one major group of antigens currently being investigated and tested as malaria vaccine candidates. Two recently described P. falciparum merozoite surface antigens, MSP4 and MSP5, are GPI-ancliored proteins that each contain a single EGF-like domain and appear to have arisen by an ancient gene duplication event, The genes are found in tandem on chromosome 2 of P. falciparum and the syntenic region of the genome was identified in the rodent malarias P. chabaudi, A yoelii and P, berghei [it these species, there is only a single gene, designated MSP4/5 encoding a single EGF-like domain similar to the EGF-like domain in both PfMSP4 and PfMSP5. Immunization of mice with PyMSP4/5 provides mice with high levels of protection against lethal challenge with blood stage P. yoelii. In this study, we show that in P. vivax, which is quite phylogenctically distant from P. falciparum, both MSP4 and MSP5 homologues can be found with their relative arrangements with respect to the surrounding genes mostly preserved. However, the gene for MSP2, found between MSP5 and adenylosuccinate lyase (ASL) in P. falciparum, is absent from P. vivax. The PvMSP4 and PvMSP5 genes have a two-exon structure and encode proteins with potential signal and GPI anchor sequences and a single EGF-like domain near the carboxyl-terminus. Rabbit antisera raised against purified recombinant proteins show that each of the antisera react with distinct proteins of 62 kDa for PvMSP4 and 86 kDa for PvMSP5 in parasite lysates. Indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) localized PvMSP4 over the entire surface of P. vivax merozoites, as expected, whereas, the MSP5 homologue was found to be associated with an apical organellar location consistent with micronemes or over the polar prominence. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Yerkes Primate Res Ctr, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Coppel, RL (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, POB 53, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RI Coppel, Ross/A-6626-2008; Black, Casilda/B-1519-2008 OI Coppel, Ross/0000-0002-4476-9124; Black, Casilda/0000-0002-0424-4593 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 24710-15] NR 57 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD APR 9 PY 2002 VL 120 IS 2 BP 215 EP 224 AR PII S0166-6851(01)00458-3 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(01)00458-3 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 541CH UT WOS:000174967300006 PM 11897127 ER PT J AU Brajter-Toth, A Bravo, R Liang, P Cook, J AF Brajter-Toth, A Bravo, R Liang, P Cook, J TI Development and characterization of nanostructured electrodes for bioanalytical applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI brajter-toth, anna/E-8777-2016 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 182-ANYL BP U92 EP U92 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700437 ER PT J AU Hill, RH Richmond, JY AF Hill, RH Richmond, JY TI Learning from our own mistakes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Hlth & Safety, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 18-CHAS BP U148 EP U148 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700721 ER PT J AU Richmond, JY Hill, RH AF Richmond, JY Hill, RH TI Cdc's response to bioterrorism. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Hlth & Safety, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 17-CHAS BP U148 EP U148 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700720 ER PT J AU Newton, PN White, NJ Rozendaal, JA Green, MD AF Newton, PN White, NJ Rozendaal, JA Green, MD TI Murder by fake drugs - Time for international action SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med & Infect Dis, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Minist Hlth, Intensified Communicable Dis Control Project, Asian Dev Bank, Jakarta, Indonesia. Ctr Dis Control, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Newton, PN (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med & Infect Dis, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. RI White, Nicholas/I-4629-2012 NR 14 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-535X J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD APR 6 PY 2002 VL 324 IS 7341 BP 800 EP 801 DI 10.1136/bmj.324.7341.800 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 540ZG UT WOS:000174960300002 PM 11934760 ER PT J AU Turco, JH Pryor, JH Baumgartner, YY Sanchez, P Bashir, A Schwertzman, JD Puffer, J Montero, JT Sodha, S Elliott, J Whitney, CG Martin, M AF Turco, JH Pryor, JH Baumgartner, YY Sanchez, P Bashir, A Schwertzman, JD Puffer, J Montero, JT Sodha, S Elliott, J Whitney, CG Martin, M CA CDC TI Outbreak of bacterial conjunctivitis at a college - New Hampshire, January-March, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 15, pg 205, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Dartmouth Coll, Hlth Serv, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Dartmouth Coll Sch Med, Hanover, NH USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Hanover, NH USA. New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Turco, JH (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Hlth Serv, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 3 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 13 BP 1641 EP 1642 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 536YW UT WOS:000174730300006 ER PT J AU Archibald, LK Jernigan, DB Kainer, MA AF Archibald, LK Jernigan, DB Kainer, MA CA CDC TI Update: Allograft-associated bacterial infections - United States, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 207, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Archibald, LK (reprint author), CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 3 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 13 BP 1642 EP 1644 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 536YW UT WOS:000174730300007 ER PT J AU Mainelis, G Willeke, K Baron, P Grinshpun, SA Reponen, T AF Mainelis, G Willeke, K Baron, P Grinshpun, SA Reponen, T TI Induction charging and electrostatic classification of micrometer-size particles for investigating the electrobiological properties of airborne microorganisms SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AEROSOLS; GENERATION; FILTERS; SURFACE; JET AB Our earlier studies have shown that the electrostatic collection technique, a potentially "gentle" bioaerosol collection method, allows for efficient collection of airborne bacteria, but sensitive bacteria such as Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens) lose their culturability during collection. We hypothesized that excessive stress was imposed on the sensitive bacteria by the sampler's conventional corona charging mechanism. In this research, we developed and built an experimental setup that allows us to analyze electrobiological properties of airborne microorganisms. In this experimental system, we imparted electric charges on airborne biological and nonbiological particles by aerosolizing them in the presence of an electric field. The charged P fluorescens test bacteria and NaCl test particles were then channeled into a parallel plate mobility analyzer, which we have designed so that bacteria and inert particles carrying specific charge ranges can be extracted and made available for further analysis. When testing the experimental system, we related the extracted particle concentrations to the total particle concentration and obtained the charge distributions of these particles at different charging conditions. Our results have shown that even without charging, aerosolized P fluorescens bacteria have a net negative charge and can carry up to 13,000 elementary charges per bacterium. In contrast, the NaCl particles were found to carry very few electric charges. We concluded that the electric charge carried by a bacterium consists of 2 components: its own natural charge, which can be high, and the charge imposed on it by the dispersion process. Our experiments have shown that the charge distributions on biological and nonbiological particles can be effectively manipulated by varying the external electric field during their aerosolization. Since airborne microorganisms may carry high internal electric charges, their collection by electrical field forces may be possible without first electrically charging them. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Aerosol Res & Exposure Assessment Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. NIOSH, CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Mainelis, G (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08902 USA. RI Mainelis, Gediminas/A-9340-2013 OI Mainelis, Gediminas/0000-0002-5837-0413 NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 BP 479 EP 491 DI 10.1080/027868202753571304 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 539CU UT WOS:000174852800012 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM Wei, R Ogden, C AF Flegal, KM Wei, R Ogden, C TI Weight-for-stature compared with body mass index-for-age growth charts for the United States from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE body weight; body mass index; children; growth charts; health surveys; overweight; underweight; weight-for-stature; third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ID HEIGHT; ADIPOSITY; CHILDREN AB Background: The 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts for the United States include population reference data for body mass index (BMI)-for-age (ages 2-19 y) and weight-for-stature (from 77 to 121 cm). For younger children, either set of reference data could be used. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare BMI for-age with weight-for-stature. Design: We used data for 4348 children (aged 2-5 y) from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Weight-for-stature and BMI-for-age percentiles were calculated for each child. The 10th and 85th percentiles of weight-for-stature at selected ages were also reexpressed as BMI-for-age percentiles. Results: More than 63% of children had lower weight-for-stature than BMI-for-age percentiles. Children were more likely to be classified as less than or equal to10th percentile by weight-for-stature than by BMI-for-age, but less likely to be classified as greater than or equal to85th percentile. Differences in classification by the 2 measures varied with age and stature and were greater for shorter children. The 10th and 85th percentiles of weight-for-stature corresponded to BMI-for-age percentiles from the 3rd to the 21st percentile and from the 74th to the 92nd percentile, respectively, depending on age and stature. Conclusions: Weight-for-stature is easier to use than BMI-for-age. However, BMI-for-age captures changes in the. weight-height relation with age and can be used continuously up to the age of 20 y. BMI-for-age is recommended in most situations. BMI-for-age and weight-for-stature will not give identical results and are not interchangeable. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6526 Belcrest Rd,Room 900, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 13 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2002 VL 75 IS 4 BP 761 EP 766 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 532RE UT WOS:000174488200021 PM 11916765 ER PT J AU Thorpe, LE Ouellet, LJ Hershow, R Bailey, SL Williams, IT Williamson, J Monterroso, ER Garfein, RS AF Thorpe, LE Ouellet, LJ Hershow, R Bailey, SL Williams, IT Williamson, J Monterroso, ER Garfein, RS TI Risk of hepatitis C virus infection among young adult injection drug users who share injection equipment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE equipment contamination; hepatitis C; hepatitis C-like viruses; incidence; needle-exchange programs; needle sharing; risk-taking; substance abuse, intravenous ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY; HIV SEROPREVALENCE; SYRINGE EXCHANGE; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIOR; PARAPHERNALIA; TRANSMISSION; POPULATIONS AB Designing studies to examine hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission via the shared use of drug injection paraphernalia other than syringes is difficult because of saturation levels of HCV infection in most samples of injection drug users (IDUs). The authors measured the incidence of HCV infection in a large cohort of young IDUs from Chicago, Illinois, and determined the risk of HCV seroconversion associated with specific forms of sharing injection paraphernalia. From 1997 to 1999, serum samples obtained from 702 IDUs aged 18-30 years were screened for HCV antibodies; prevalence was 27%. Seronegative participants were tested for HCV antibodies at baseline, at 6 months, and at 12 months. During 290 person-years of follow-up, 29 participants seroconverted (incidence: 10.0/100 person-years). The adjusted relative hazard of seroconversion, controlling for demographic and drug-use covariates, was highest for sharing "cookers" (relative hazard = 4.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.4, 11.8), followed by sharing cotton filters (relative hazard = 2.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 5.0). Risks associated with syringe-sharing and sharing of rinse water were elevated but not significant. After adjustment for syringe-sharing, sharing cookers remained the strongest predictor of seroconversion (relative hazard = 3.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.3, 9.9). The authors conclude that sharing of injection equipment other than syringes may be an important cause of HCV transmission between IDUs. C1 Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Chicago, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thorpe, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, M-S E-06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 46 TC 266 Z9 274 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 7 BP 645 EP 653 DI 10.1093/aje/155.7.645 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 535KL UT WOS:000174643600009 PM 11914192 ER PT J AU Brener, ND Simon, TR Anderson, M Barrios, LC Small, ML AF Brener, ND Simon, TR Anderson, M Barrios, LC Small, ML TI Effect of the incident at columbine on students' violence- and suicide-related behaviors SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE adolescence; behavior; schools; suicide; violence ID UNITED-STATES; HIGH-SCHOOL AB Background: This study examined the impact that the violent incident at Columbine High School may have had on reports of behaviors related to violence and suicide among U.S. high school students. Methods: Nationally representative data from the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) were analyzed using logistic regression analyses. Results: Students who completed the 1999 YRBS after the Columbine incident were more likely to report feeling too unsafe to go to school and less likely to report considering or planning suicide than were Students who completed the 1999 YRBS before the incident. Conclusions: These results highlight how an extreme incident of school violence can affect students nationwide. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brener, ND (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-33,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM nadl@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3 BP 146 EP 150 AR PII S074903797(01)00433-0 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00433-0 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 531JB UT WOS:000174411300002 PM 11897457 ER PT J AU Boyd, TD Linkins, RW Mason, K Bulim, I Lemke, B AF Boyd, TD Linkins, RW Mason, K Bulim, I Lemke, B TI Assessing immunization registry data completeness in Bexar County, Texas SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE immunization; registries; data collection; program evaluation; evaluation studies; information systems ID HEALTH-CARE; STATES AB Background: Immunization information systems (or registries) are increasingly being used to promote and sustain high levels of vaccination coverage. However, the perception among many providers that registry data are too incomplete to be relied on when making immunization decisions has impeded the acceptance of registries. Methods: To evaluate registry completeness, immunization coverage levels from the San Antonio Immunization Registry System (SAIRS) were compared with coverage levels derived from immunization records from 77 (37%) of the 210 clinics participating in the Vaccines for Children (VFC) program in 1998, 44 (21%) clinics in 1999, and 10 (5%) clinics in 2000. Results: Clinic data indicated an average immunization coverage level for the 4:3:1 series of 39.8%. The overall coverage level for these clinics based on registry data was 64.1%. Registry-coverage levels for these clinics were less than or equal to65% above the coverage levels based on clinic records. Conclusions: Immunization coverage levels based on SAIRS data were the same or higher than coverage levels based on clinic records. These data suggest that San Antonio's registry data were more complete than clinic records and may assist in changing provider perceptions regarding registry data completeness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. San Antonio Metropolitan Hlth Dist, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Boyd, TD (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-62, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3 BP 184 EP 187 AR PII S749-3797(01)00427-5 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00427-5 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 531JB UT WOS:000174411300008 PM 11897463 ER PT J AU Todd, CW Colley, DG AF Todd, CW Colley, DG TI Practical and ethical issues in the development of a vaccine against Schistosomiasis mansoni SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Review ID HEPATITIS-B VACCINE; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; ANTI-HELMINTH VACCINE; ACID-BINDING PROTEIN; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; INTERFERON-GAMMA; POTENTIAL BASIS AB Clinical trials to evaluate schistosomal vaccines are in progress. We discuss the desired characteristics of such a vaccine, propose a product profile, and consider the clinical and pre-clinical studies needed for its licensure, within practical and ethical constraints. We believe that licensure of a schistosomal vaccine will be greatly facilitated by resolution of the following issues: identification of the human immunoprotective antigens and mechanisms induction of the appropriate responses by adjuvanted vaccines: understanding the effect of immunization on immunopathology development of an improved serologic assay to determine worm burden: generation of approximately $500 million to fund the project: and development of a physical infrastructure with trained professionals in disease-endemic countries to perform Phase III clinical trials. We also believe that development of a schistosomal vaccine, while a long range goal. is possible and desirable. and we have indicated some of the practical steps that will be required to achieve this laudable accomplishment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Todd, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 101 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 BP 348 EP 358 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 577LM UT WOS:000177062400004 PM 12164288 ER PT J AU Garcia, HH Gonzalez, AE Gilman, RH Bernal, T Rodriguez, S Pretell, EJ Azcurra, O Parkhouse, RME Tsang, VCW Harrison, LJS AF Garcia, HH Gonzalez, AE Gilman, RH Bernal, T Rodriguez, S Pretell, EJ Azcurra, O Parkhouse, RME Tsang, VCW Harrison, LJS CA Cysticercosis Working Grp Peru TI Circulating parasite antigen in patients with hydrocephalus secondary to neurocysticercosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ALBENDAZOLE THERAPY; CEREBRAL CYSTICERCOSIS; TAENIA-SOLIUM; FOLLOW-UP; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE; CLASSIFICATION; PRAZIQUANTEL; MANAGEMENT; BLOT AB End stages of neurocysticercosis include residual intraparenchymal brain calcifications and hydrocephalus. Although brain calcifications alone have a benign prognosis, hydrocephalus is frequently associated with chronic inflammation and intracranial hypertension, together with a protracted clinical evolution, and may lead to patient deaths. By using a monoclonal-based antigen detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we measured the levels of circulating parasite antigen in the sera of 56 patients with neurocysticercosis: 27 with calcifications only and 29 with hydrocephalus. The assay gave positive results in 14 of 29 patients with hydrocephalus but was consistently negative in patients with calcifications. Circulating parasite antigen in hydrocephalus secondary to neurocysticercosis indicates the presence of live parasites in these patients and thus a potential benefit from antiparasitic therapy. C1 Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Pathol, Lima, Peru. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Sci, Lima, Peru. Inst Nacl Ciencias Neurol, Dept Transmissible Dis, Lima, Peru. Gulbenkian Inst Sci, P-2780 Oeiras, Portugal. Ctr Dis Control, Parasit Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Trop Anim Hlth, Sir Alexander Robertson Ctr Trop Vet Med, Easter Bush Vet Ctr, Roslin EH25 9RG, Midlothian, Scotland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Garcia, HH (reprint author), Inst Ciencias Neurobiol, Dept Transmissible Dis, Jr Ancash 1271, Lima, Peru. OI Parkhouse, Michael/0000-0001-5967-3291; Gavidia, Cesar Miguel/0000-0003-3936-5077 FU FDA HHS [FD-R-001107]; FIC NIH HHS [TW00598]; NIAID NIH HHS [R03-AI-42037]; PHS HHS [U19-A145431] NR 34 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 BP 427 EP 430 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 577LM UT WOS:000177062400016 PM 12164300 ER PT J AU Nizeyi, JB Sebunya, D Dasilva, AJ Cranfield, MR Pieniazek, NJ Graczyk, TK AF Nizeyi, JB Sebunya, D Dasilva, AJ Cranfield, MR Pieniazek, NJ Graczyk, TK TI Cryptosporidiosis in people sharing habitats with free-ranging mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei), Uganda SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID IMPENETRABLE NATIONAL-PARK; PARVUM; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIONS AB Cryptosporidiosis. a zoonotic diarrheal disease, significantly contributes to the mortality of people with impaired immune systems worldwide. Infections with an animal-adapted genotype (Genotype 2) of Cryptosporidium parvum were found in a human population in Uganda that shares habitats with free-ranging gorillas, from which the same genotype of C. parvum had been recovered previously. A high prevalence of disease was found in park staff members (21%) who frequently contact gorillas versus 3% disease prevalence in the local community. This indicates a zoonotic transmission cycle of this pathogen against which no effective prophylaxis or therapy exists. The results of the study questionnaire demonstrated a high percentage of people not undertaking appropriate precautions to prevent fecal-oral transmission of C. parvum in the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park. Uganda. This human population will benefit from stronger compliance with park regulations regarding disposal of their fecal waste within the park boundaries. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, W Harry Feinstone Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Makerere Univ, Dept Wildlife & Anim Resource Management, Kampala, Uganda. CDCP, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Publ Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Baltimore Zoo, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21217 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Comparat Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Morris Anim Fdn, Mt Gorilla Vet Project, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Graczyk, TK (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, W Harry Feinstone Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 19 TC 30 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 BP 442 EP 444 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 577LM UT WOS:000177062400019 PM 12164303 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS Hall, IJ AF Coughlin, SS Hall, IJ TI A review of genetic polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate neoplasms; genetics; polymorphisms; prostate cancer ID VITAMIN-D-RECEPTOR; 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE TYPE-2 GENE; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCUS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; UNITED-STATES; D METABOLITES; STEROID 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS AB In this study, we review a variety of genetic polymorphisms that may have an etiologic role in prostate cancer. We include associations identified in molecular epidemiology studies and the consistency of findings reported to date. Suggestions for further research arc also offered. For the purposes of this review, we Identified relevant articles through a MEDLINE search for die period Of January 1987 through March 2001. The searches were limited to articles, published in English. Medical subject headings were used to scan titles, abstracts, and subject headings in the databases, using the keywords, "prostate neoplasms," "genetics," and "polymorphisms." Ann Epidemiol 2002; 12:182-196, (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CDCP, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), CDCP, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 89 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 3 BP 182 EP 196 AR PII S1047-2797(01)00310-6 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(01)00310-6 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 532AF UT WOS:000174448900006 PM 11897176 ER PT J AU Zhu, W Baggerman, G Secor, WE Casares, F Pryor, SC Fricchione, GL Ruiz-Tiben, E Eberhard, NL Bimi, L Stefano, GB AF Zhu, W Baggerman, G Secor, WE Casares, F Pryor, SC Fricchione, GL Ruiz-Tiben, E Eberhard, NL Bimi, L Stefano, GB TI Dracunculus medinensis and Schistosoma mansoni contain opiate alkaloids SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN-DERIVED PEPTIDES; MOLLUSK MYTILUS-EDULIS; AFFINITY BINDING; PARASITE; MORPHINE; HOST; GANGLIA; MORPHINE-6-GLUCURONIDE; INVERTEBRATES; IMMUNOCYTES AB The results of analysis, by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection and by nano-electrospray-ionization, double quadrupole orthogonal-acceleration, time-of-flight mass spectrometry, indicate that adult Dracunculus medinensis and Schistosoma mansoni both contain the opiate alkaloid morphine and that D. medinesis also contains the active metabolite of morphine, morphine 6-glucuronide. From these and previous observations, it would appear that many helminths are probably using opiate alkaloids as potent immuno suppressive and antinociceptive signal molecules, to down-regulate immune surveillance responsiveness and pain signalling in their hosts. C1 SUNY Coll Old Westbury, Neurosci Res Inst, Old Westbury, NY 11568 USA. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Zool, Lab Dev Physiol & Mol Biol, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. Univ Ghana, Dept Zool, Legon, Accra, Ghana. RP Stefano, GB (reprint author), SUNY Coll Old Westbury, Neurosci Res Inst, Old Westbury, NY 11568 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [NIDA 09010]; NIMH NIH HHS [NIMH COR 17138, NIMH COR 47392] NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 96 IS 3 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1179/000349802125000808 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 551KH UT WOS:000175559900008 PM 12061977 ER PT J AU Jia, N Arthington-Skaggs, B Lee, W Pierson, CA Lees, ND Eckstein, J Barbuch, R Bard, M AF Jia, N Arthington-Skaggs, B Lee, W Pierson, CA Lees, ND Eckstein, J Barbuch, R Bard, M TI Candida albicans sterol C-14 reductase, encoded by the ERG24 gene, as a potential antifungal target site SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; AZOLE RESISTANCE; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; TRANSPORTER GENE; AMPHOTERICIN-B; MUTANTS; DEMETHYLASE; INHIBITION; DISRUPTION; CORRELATE AB The incidence of fungal infections has increased dramatically, which has necessitated additional and prolonged use of the available antifungal agents. Increased resistance to the commonly used antifungal agents, primarily the azoles, has been reported, thus necessitating the discovery and development of compounds that would be effective against the major human fungal pathogens. The sterol biosynthetic pathway has proved to be a fertile area for antifungal development, and steps which might provide good targets for novel antifungal development remain. The sterol C-14 reductase, encoded by the ERG24 gene, could be an effective target for drug development since the morpholine antifungals, inhibitors of Erg24p, have been successful in agricultural applications. The ERG24 gene of Candida albicans has been isolated by complementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae erg24 mutant. Both copies of the C. albicans ERG24 gene have been disrupted by using short homologous regions of the ERG24 gene flanking a selectable marker. Unlike S. cerevisiae, the C. albicans ERG24 gene was not required for growth, but erg24 mutants showed several altered phenotypes. They were demonstrated to be slowly growing, with doubling times at least twice that of the wild type. They were also shown to be significantly more sensitive to an allylamine antifungal and to selected cellular inhibitors including cycloheximide, cerulenin, fluphenazine, and brefeldin A. The erg24 mutants were also slightly resistant to the azoles. Most importantly, erg24 mutants were shown to be significantly less pathogenic in a mouse model system and failed to produce germ tubes upon incubation in human serum. On the basis of these characteristics, inhibitors of Erg24p would be effective against C. albicans. C1 Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Corp Ctr, Dept Drug Disposit, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. RP Lees, ND (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, 723 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. NR 37 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD APR PY 2002 VL 46 IS 4 BP 947 EP 957 DI 10.1128/AAC.46.4.947-957.2002 PG 11 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 534QE UT WOS:000174597000002 PM 11897574 ER PT J AU Robin, L Brener, ND Donahue, SF Hack, T Hale, K Goodenow, C AF Robin, L Brener, ND Donahue, SF Hack, T Hale, K Goodenow, C TI Associations between health risk behaviors and opposite-, same-, and both-sex sexual partners in representative samples of Vermont and Massachusetts high school students SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BISEXUAL YOUTH; SUICIDE ATTEMPTS; GAY; ORIENTATION; ADOLESCENTS AB Objective: To examine associations between health risk behaviors and sexual experience with opposite-, same-, or both-sex partners in representative samples of high school students. Design: We used 1995 and 1997 data from the Vermont and Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. Logistic regression and multiple regression analyses were used to compare health risk behaviors among students who reported sex with opposite-sex partners only (opposite-sex students), with same-sex partners only (same-sex students) I and with both male and female sexual partners (both-sex students). Setting: Public high schools in Vermont and Massachusetts. Participants: Representative, population-based samples of high school students. The combined samples had 14623 Vermont students and 8141 Massachusetts students. Main Outcome Measure: Violence, harassment, suicidal behavior, alcohol and other drug use, and unhealthy weight control practices. Results: In both states, both-sex students were significantly more likely to report health risk behaviors than were opposite-sex students. For example, both-sex students had odds 3 to 6 times greater than opposite-sex students of being threatened or injured with a weapon at school, making a suicide attempt requiring medical attention, using cocaine, or vomiting or using laxatives to control their weight. In both state 3, same-sex students were as likely as opposite-sex students to report most health risk behaviors. Conclusion: Relative to opposite- and same-sex students, both-sex students may be at elevated risk of injury, disease, and death by experiencing serious harassment and engaging in violence, suicidal behavior, alcohol and other drug use, and unhealthy weight control practices. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Vermont Dept Educ, Montpelier, VT USA. Massachusetts Dept Educ, Malden, MA USA. Vermont Dept Hlth, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Robin, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, MS K-33,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 22 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 156 IS 4 BP 349 EP 355 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 537ZL UT WOS:000174789500009 PM 11929369 ER PT J AU Briggs, NC Levine, RS Brann, EA AF Briggs, NC Levine, RS Brann, EA TI Allergies and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by subtype SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID PRIOR MEDICATION USE; FRANCISCO BAY AREA; CANCER INCIDENCE; HISTORY; HEALTH; DISORDERS; MEN AB To investigate the relation between allergy and risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), data were analyzed from the Selected Cancers Study. Cases (n = 952) were men ages 32-60 years diagnosed with NHL from 1984 to 1988 and identified by eight population-based United States cancer registries. Controls (n = 1691) were recruited by random-digit telephone dialing and frequency matched to cases by age and geographic region of cancer registry. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for age, cancer registry, education, and race/ ethnicity. There was no evidence that a general history of allergy was significantly associated with either overall NHL risk (odds ratio: 1.0; 95% confidence interval: 0.81.2) or risk for major NHL subtypes (follicular, diffuse, small cell lymphocytic, and immunoblastic). Similarly, no significant associations were observed for the most commonly reported specific allergies, including those to plants, dust, food, animals, and medications. Significant NHL subtype-specific associations were found for allergies to insects (immunoblastic) and chemicals (diffuse and small cell lymphocytic). However, these allergies were reported by relatively few study participants, and the associations may have been because of chance. In conclusion, we found little evidence that either a general history of allergy or commonly reported specific allergies are associated with NHL. C1 Meharry Med Coll, Dept Family & Community Med, Div Gen Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Briggs, NC (reprint author), Meharry Med Coll, Dept Family & Community Med, Div Gen Prevent Med, 1005 Dr DB Todd Jr Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. NR 35 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD APR PY 2002 VL 11 IS 4 BP 401 EP 407 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 540BJ UT WOS:000174908000010 PM 11927501 ER PT J AU Pettiford, JN Jason, J Nwanyanwu, OC Archibald, LK Kazembe, PN Dobbie, H Jarvis, WR AF Pettiford, JN Jason, J Nwanyanwu, OC Archibald, LK Kazembe, PN Dobbie, H Jarvis, WR TI Age-related differences in cell-specific cytokine production by acutely ill Malawian patients SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age; cytokine balance; IFN-gamma IL-8 immunosenescence T lymphocytes ID IFN-GAMMA PRODUCTION; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; ELDERLY PEOPLE; INCREASE; HUMANS; IL-10; NK; SUBPOPULATIONS; INTERLEUKIN-10; DETERMINANTS AB Age-related changes in human cell-specific cytokine responses to acute illness have not been well examined. We therefore evaluated age-related differences in T, B and natural killer (NK) peripheral blood lymphocyte cytokine responses of 309 acutely ill hospitalized people in Malawi, Africa, <1 month-61 years of age. We used four-colour flow cytometry and performed Wilcoxon rank sum and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Pearson (r(p)) and Spearman (r(s)) correlations, and linear and logistic regression analyses to control for human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) status, the percentages of lymphocytes expressing CD4, and the nature of the acute infection. The percentages of CD8(-) and CD8(+) T cells producing induced IL-8 decreased with age (r(s) =-0.44 and -0.53). The percentages of T cells producing TNF-α were higher, and the percentages producing IL-10 were lower, in those &GE;13 than those <13 years old (medians: 17.7 versus 10.5 and 1.4 versus 3.0, respectively). The percentages of CD8(-) T cells producing IFN-gamma were higher and stable in those greater than or equal to1 year old compared to infants (medians: 23.5 versus 10.4); the percentages of NK producing IFN-gamma were higher post-infancy and then declined to relatively low levels with increasing age. The percentages of T cells producing IL-2 were highest in those 5-<31 years old (median 5.6) and lowest in those &GE;31 years old (median 1.9). The ratios of the percentages of T cells producing IL-4 to those producing IL-8 and to those producing IL-10 both increased with age. These data suggest that innate immunity, represented by NK IFN-γ production, dominates in early life. A number of shifts occur after infancy and before adolescence, including a proinflammatory shift from IL-8 to TNF-γ and a type 2 shift from IL-10 to IL-4 dominance. These findings suggest distinct age-related differences in the human response to acute illness and may be useful in directing future efforts at immunomodulatory therapies. C1 Ctr Dis Control, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch,Div AIDS STD & TB L, US Dept HHS, US PHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Invest & Prevent Branch, Hosp Infect Program, US Dept HHS,PHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Off Global Hlth, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS,PHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth & Populat, Lilongwe Cent Hosp, Lilongwe, Malawi. Minist Hlth & Populat, Community Hlth Sci Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Jason, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch,Div AIDS STD & TB L, US Dept HHS, US PHS, Mailstop A-25,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0009-9104 J9 CLIN EXP IMMUNOL JI Clin. Exp. Immunol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 128 IS 1 BP 110 EP 117 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01813.x PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 577UA UT WOS:000177079300016 PM 11982598 ER PT J AU Donlan, RM Costerton, JW AF Donlan, RM Costerton, JW TI Biofilms: Survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETERS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA BIOFILMS; URINARY-TRACT INFECTION; EXPERIMENTAL BACTERIAL-ENDOCARDITIS; INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; TWO-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; LENS DISINFECTANT SOLUTIONS; HYDROPHILIC CONTACT-LENSES; PROTEUS-MIRABILIS BIOFILMS; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS PATIENTS AB Though biofilms. were first described by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, the theory describing the biofilm process was not developed until 1978. We now understand that biofilms are universal, occurring in aquatic and industrial water systems as well as a large number of environments and medical devices relevant for public health. Using tools such as the scanning electron microscope and, more recently, the confocal laser scanning microscope, biofilm researchers now understand that biofilms are not unstructured, homogeneous deposits of cells and accumulated slime, but complex communities of surface-associated cells enclosed in a polymer matrix containing open water channels. Further studies have shown that the biofilm phenotype can be described in terms of the genes expressed by biofilm-associated cells. Microorganisms growing in a biofilm are highly resistant to antimicrobial agents by, one or more mechanisms. Biofilm-associated microorganisms have been shown to be associated with several human diseases, such as native valve endocarditis and cystic fibrosis, and to colonize a wide variety of medical devices. Though epidemiologic evidence points to biofilms as a source of several infectious diseases, the exact mechanisms by which biofilm-associated microorganisms elicit disease are poorly understood. Detachment of cells or cell aggregates, production of endotoxin, increased resistance to the host immune system, and provision of a niche for the generation of resistant organisms are all biofilm processes which could initiate the disease process. Effective strategies to prevent or control biofilms on medical devices must take into consideration the unique and tenacious nature of biofilms. Current intervention strategies are designed to prevent initial device colonization, minimize microbial cell attachment to the device, penetrate the biofilm matrix and kill the associated cells, or remove the device from the patient. In the future, treatments may be based on inhibition of genes involved in cell attachment and biofilm formation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biofilm Lab, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Donlan, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biofilm Lab, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop C-16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Hori, Katsutoshi/K-5289-2012 NR 217 TC 2419 Z9 2602 U1 82 U2 699 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD APR PY 2002 VL 15 IS 2 BP 167 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.15.2.167-193.2002 PG 29 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 540ZH UT WOS:000174960400002 PM 11932229 ER PT J AU Madhavan, HN Goldsmith, CS Rao, SK Fogla, R Malathi, J Priya, K AF Madhavan, HN Goldsmith, CS Rao, SK Fogla, R Malathi, J Priya, K TI Isolation of a vesicular virus belonging to the family Rhabdoviridae from the aqueous humor of a patient with bilateral corneal endotheliitis SO CORNEA LA English DT Article DE vesicular virus; aqueous humor; corneal endotheliitis ID STOMATITIS AB Purpose. To report bilateral corneal endotheliitis caused by a vesicular virus (family Rhabdoviridae). Methods. Case report of a 49-year-old man with a complaint of sudden onset of decreased vision in both eyes had diffuse corneal stromal edema with extensive folds in Descemet's membrane and was diagnosed as having bilateral viral endotheliitis. Virologic investigations were performed using aqueous humor from the right eye. Results. An ether- and chloroform-sensitive cytopathic agent was isolated in Vero and BHK-21 cell lines from the aqueous humor. It was identified as a vesicular virus belonging to the family Rhabdoviridae by electron microscopy. Neutralizing antibody was demonstrated at a titer greater than 1 in 4,096 dilutions in the convalescent serum. Neurologic complications included loss of hearing and postinfectious polyradiculopathy affecting both lower limbs. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/120 OD and 20/20 OS. Six months later, he developed glaucoma in the right eye. Trabeculectomy with intraoperative application of 5-fluorouracil was performed. Conclusion. This is the first report of bilateral endotheliitis caused by a vesicular virus and confirmed by virus isolation from the aqueous humor of the affected eye. C1 Vis Res Fdn, Chennai 600006, Tamil Nadu, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Madhavan, HN (reprint author), Vis Res Fdn, 18 Coll Rd, Chennai 600006, Tamil Nadu, India. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-3740 J9 CORNEA JI Cornea PD APR PY 2002 VL 21 IS 3 BP 333 EP 335 DI 10.1097/00003226-200204000-00021 PG 3 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 536BR UT WOS:000174681300020 PM 11917189 ER PT J AU Sorvillo, F Ash, LR Berlin, OGW Yatabe, J Degiorgio, C Morse, SA AF Sorvillo, F Ash, LR Berlin, OGW Yatabe, J Degiorgio, C Morse, SA TI Baylisascaris procyonis: An emerging helminthic zoonosis SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNILATERAL SUBACUTE NEURORETINITIS; EXCRETORY SECRETORY ANTIGENS; LARVA MIGRANS; CEREBROSPINAL NEMATODIASIS; RACCOON ROUNDWORM; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; MIGRATION; INFECTION AB Baylisascaris procyonis, a roundworm infection of raccoons, is emerging as an important helminthic zoonosis, principally affecting young children. Raccoons have increasingly become peridomestic animals living in close proximity to human residences. When B. procyonis eggs are ingested by a host other than a raccoon, migration of larvae through tissue, termed larval migrans, ensues. This larval infection can invade the brain and eye, causing severe disease and death. The prevalence of B. procyonis infection in raccoons is often high, and infected animals can shed enormous numbers of eggs in their feces. These eggs can survive in the environment for extended periods of time, and the infectious dose of B. procyonis is relatively low. Therefore, the risk for human exposure and infection may be greater than is currently recognized. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Specialty Labs, Santa Monica, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sorvillo, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NR 34 TC 63 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 7 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2002 VL 8 IS 4 BP 355 EP 359 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 538UD UT WOS:000174832700003 PM 11971766 ER PT J AU Olsen, SJ Miller, G Breuer, T Kennedy, M Higgins, C Walford, J McKee, G Fox, K Bibb, W Mead, P AF Olsen, SJ Miller, G Breuer, T Kennedy, M Higgins, C Walford, J McKee, G Fox, K Bibb, W Mead, P TI A waterborne outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 infections and hemolytic uremic syndrome: Implications for rural water systems SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; DIARRHEA; DEER AB In the summer of 1998, a large outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections occurred in Alpine, Wyoming. We identified 157 ill persons; stool from 71 (45%) yielded E. coli (O157:H7. In two cohort studies, illness was significantly associated with drinking municipal water (town residents: adjusted odds ratio=10.1, 95% confidence intervals [Cl]=1.8-56.4; visitors attending family reunion: relative risk=9.0, 95% Cl=1.3-63.3). The unchlorinated water supply had microbiologic evidence of fecal organisms and the potential for chronic contamination with surface water. Among persons exposed to water, the attack rate was significantly lower in town residents than in visitors (23% vs. 50%, p<0.01) and decreased with increasing age. The lower attack rate among exposed residents, especially adults, is consistent with the acquisition of partial immunity following long-term exposure. Serologic data, although limited, may support this finding. Contamination of small, unprotected water systems may be an increasing public health risk. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Wyoming Dept Hlth, Cheyenne, WY USA. Wyoming Dept Agr, Cheyenne, WY USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Olsen, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sco2@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 126 Z9 134 U1 1 U2 9 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2002 VL 8 IS 4 BP 370 EP 375 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 538UD UT WOS:000174832700006 PM 11971769 ER PT J AU Bunning, ML Bowen, RA Cropp, CB Sullivan, KG Davis, BS Komar, N Godsey, MS Baker, D Hettler, DL Holmes, DA Biggerstaff, BJ Mitchell, CJ AF Bunning, ML Bowen, RA Cropp, CB Sullivan, KG Davis, BS Komar, N Godsey, MS Baker, D Hettler, DL Holmes, DA Biggerstaff, BJ Mitchell, CJ TI Experimental infection of horses with West Nile virus SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CULEX AB A total of 12 horses of different breeds and ages were infected with West Nile virus (WNV) via the bites of infected Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Half the horses were infected with a viral isolate from the brain of a horse (BC787), and half were infected with an isolate from crow brain (NY99-6625); both were NY99 isolates. Postinfection, uninfected female Ae. albopictus fed on eight of the infected horses. In the first trial, Nt antibody titers reached greater than or equal to1:320, 1:20, 1:160, and 1:80 for horses 1 to 4, respectively. In the second trial, the seven horses with subclinical infections developed Nt antibody titers greater than or equal to1:10 between days 7 and 11 post infection. The highest viremia level in horses fed upon by the recipient mosquitoes was approximately 460 Vero cell PFU/mL. All mosquitoes that fed upon viremic horses were negative for the virus. Horses infected with the NY99 strain of WNV develop low viremia levels of short duration; therefore, infected horses are unlikely to serve as important amplifying hosts for WNV in nature. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. USAF, Ft Collins, CO USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Bunning, ML (reprint author), POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 24 TC 167 Z9 175 U1 2 U2 9 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2002 VL 8 IS 4 BP 380 EP 386 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 538UD UT WOS:000174832700008 PM 11971771 ER PT J AU Ribot, EM Wierzba, RK Angulo, FJ Barrett, TJ AF Ribot, EM Wierzba, RK Angulo, FJ Barrett, TJ TI Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium DT104 isolated from humans, United States, 1985, 1990, and 1995 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE GENES; PASTEURELLA-PISCICIDA; DRUG-RESISTANCE; R-PLASMID; INTEGRONS; FLORFENICOL; INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIC; DT-104; CHLORAMPHENICOL AB First isolated from an ill person in 1985, multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT104 emerged in the mid-1990s as a strain of Salmonella frequently isolated from humans in the United States. We compared the integron content, plasmid profile, and Xbal pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of multidrug-resistant S. Typhimurium DT104 (MR-DT104) isolated from humans in the United States in 1985, 1990, and 1995. All isolates contained a 60-mDa plasmid and had indistinguishable PFGE and integron profiles, supporting the idea of a clonal relationship between recent and historical isolates. The data suggest that the widespread emergence of MR-DT104 in humans and animals in the 1990s may have been due to the dissemination of a strain already present in the United States rather than the introduction of a new strain. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barrett, TJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 116 Z9 122 U1 2 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2002 VL 8 IS 4 BP 387 EP 391 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 538UD UT WOS:000174832700009 PM 11971772 ER PT J AU Ramsey, AH Belongia, EA Gale, CM Davis, JP AF Ramsey, AH Belongia, EA Gale, CM Davis, JP TI Outcomes of treated human granulocytic ehrlichiosis cases SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; AGENT; WISCONSIN; INFECTION; DISEASE AB We conducted a case-control study in Wisconsin to determine whether some patients have long-term adverse health outcomes after antibiotic treatment for human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE). A standardized health status questionnaire was administered to patients and controls matched by age group and sex. Consenting patients provided blood samples for serologic testing. Among the 85 previously treated patients, the median interval since onset of illness was 24 months. Compared with 102 controls, patients were more likely to report recurrent or continuous fevers, chills, fatigue, and sweats. Patients had lower health status scores than controls for bodily pain and health relative to 1 year earlier, but there was no significant difference in physical functioning, role limitations, general health, or vitality measures. The HGE antibody titer remained elevated in one patient; two had elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels. HGE may cause a postinfectious syndrome characterized by constitutional symptoms without functional disability or serologic evidence of persistent infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Ramsey, AH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Family Med, 777 S Mills St, Madison, WI 53715 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR8/CCU513366-01] NR 21 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2002 VL 8 IS 4 BP 398 EP 401 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 538UD UT WOS:000174832700011 PM 11971774 ER PT J AU Daum, LT Canas, LC Smith, CB Klimov, A Huff, W Barnes, W Lohman, KL AF Daum, LT Canas, LC Smith, CB Klimov, A Huff, W Barnes, W Lohman, KL TI Genetic and antigenic analysis of the first A/New Caledonia/20/99-like H1N1 influenza isolates reported in the Americas SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS HEMAGGLUTININ; EVOLUTION; ANTIBODIES AB From February through May of 1999, 13 cases of Influenza A virus (FLUAV), type H1N1 were reported at a Department of Defense influenza surveillance sentinel site in Lima, Peru. Genetic and antigenic analysis by hemagglutination inhibition and direct nucleotide sequencing of the HA1 region of the hemagglutinin gene were performed on two isolates, A/Peru/1641/99 and A/Peru/1798/99. Both isolates were distinct from the Bayern/7/95-like viruses circulating in the Americas and closely related to a Beijing/262/95-like variant, A/New Caledonia/20/99. With the exception of travel-related cases, the detection of these isolates represents the first appearance of New Caledonia/20/99-like viruses in the Americas. Since the characterization of these Peru isolates, a number of New Caledonia/20/99-like viruses have been reported worldwide. For the 2000/01 and 2001/02 influenza seasons, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the inclusion of A/New Caledonia/20/99 as the H1N1 vaccine component for both the southern and northern hemispheres. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lohman, KL (reprint author), Mol Epidemiol Branch, 2601 W Gate Rd,Suite 114, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM kenton.Lohman@brooks.af.mil NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2002 VL 8 IS 4 BP 408 EP 412 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 538UD UT WOS:000174832700013 PM 11971776 ER PT J AU Jemal, A Graubard, BI Devesa, SS Flegal, KM AF Jemal, A Graubard, BI Devesa, SS Flegal, KM TI The association of blood lead level and cancer mortality among whites in the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE cancer; lead; mortality; NHANES II; United States ID EXPOSURE; HEALTH AB Lead is classified as a possible carcinogen in humans. We studied the relationship of blood lead level and all cancer mortality in the general population of the United States using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 11 (NHANTES 11) Mortality Study, 1992, consisting of a total of 203 cancer deaths (117 men and 86 women) among 3,592 whites (1,702 men and 1,890 women) with average of 13.3 years of follow-up. We used Cox proportional hazard regression models to estimate the dose-response relationship between blood lead and all cancer mortality. Log-transformed blood lead was either categorized into quartiles or treated as a continuous variable in a cubic regression spline. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated for site-specific cancers by categorizing lead above and below the median. Among men and women combined, dose-response relationship between quartile of blood lead and all cancer mortality was not significant (p(trend) = 0.16), with RRs of 1.24 [95% percent confidence interval (CI), 0.66-2.33], 1.33 (95% CI, 0.57-3-09), and 1.50 (95% CI, 0.75-3.01) for the second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively, compared with the first quartile. Spline analyses found no dose response (p = 0.29), and none of the site-specific cancer RRs were significant. Among men, no significant dose-response relationships were found for quartile or spline analyses (p(trend) = 0.57 and p = 0.38, respectively). Among women, no dose-response relationship was found for quartile analysis (p(trend) = 0.22). However, the spline dose-response results were significant (p = 0.001), showing a threshold effect at the 94th. percentile of blood lead or a lead concentration of 24 mug/dL, with an RR of 2.4 (95% CI, 1.1-5.2) compared with the risk at 12.5 percentile. Because the dose-response relationship found in women was not found in men, occurred at only the highest levels of lead, and has no clear biologic explanation, further replication of this relationship is needed before it can be considered believable. In conclusion, individuals with blood lead levels in the range of NHANES II do not appear to have increased risk of cancer mortality. C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Jemal, A (reprint author), Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, 1599 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 31 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2002 VL 110 IS 4 BP 325 EP 329 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 541GB UT WOS:000174975900018 PM 11940448 ER PT J AU Koo, JW Parham, F Kohn, MC Masten, SA Brock, JW Needham, LL Portier, CJ AF Koo, JW Parham, F Kohn, MC Masten, SA Brock, JW Needham, LL Portier, CJ TI The association between biomarker-based exposure estimates for phthalates and demographic factors in a human reference population SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE demographic factors; phthalates; risk assessment ID BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE; TESTICULAR ATROPHY; RAT-LIVER; METABOLISM; ESTERS; EXCRETION; IDENTIFICATION; DIBUTYL AB Population-based estimates of environmental exposures using biomarkers can be difficult to obtain for a variety of reasons, including problems with limits of detection, undersampling of key strata, time between exposure and sampling, variation across individuals, variation within individuals, and the ability to find and interpret a given biomarker. In this article, we apply statistical likelihoods, weighted sampling, and regression methods for censored data to the analysis of biomarker data. Urinary metabolites for seven phthalates, reported by Blount et al., are analyzed using these methods. In the case of the phthalates data, we assumed the underlying model to be a log-normal distribution with the mean of the distribution defined as a function of a number of demographic variables that might affect phthalate levels in individuals. Included as demographic variables were age, sex, ethnicity, residency, family income, and education level. We conducted two analyses: an unweighted analysis where phthalate distributions were estimated with changes in the means of these distributions as a function of demographic variables, and a weighted prediction for the general population in which weights were assigned for a subset of the population depending on the frequency of their demographic variables in the general U.S. population. We used statistical tests to determine whether any of the demographic variables affected mean phthalate levels. Individuals with only a high school education had higher levels of di-n-butyl phthalate than individuals with education beyond high school. Subjects who had family income less than $1,500 in the month before sampling and/or only high school education had higher levels of n-buryl. benzyl phthalate levels than other groupings. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was higher in males and/or in urban populations and/or in people who had family income less than $1,500 per month. Our findings suggest that there may be significant demographic variations in exposure and/or metabolism of phthalates and that health-risk assessments for phthalate exposure in humans should consider different potential risk groups. C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Portier, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Portier, Christopher/A-3160-2010; Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; masten, scott/R-1403-2016 OI Portier, Christopher/0000-0002-0954-0279; masten, scott/0000-0002-7847-181X NR 48 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 5 U2 10 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2002 VL 110 IS 4 BP 405 EP 410 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 541GB UT WOS:000174975900029 PM 11940459 ER PT J AU Sandau, CD Ayotte, P Dewailly, E Duffe, J Norstrom, RJ AF Sandau, CD Ayotte, P Dewailly, E Duffe, J Norstrom, RJ TI Pentachlorophenol and hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites in umbilical cord plasma of neonates from coastal populations in Quebec SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE hydroxylated metabolites; pentachlorophenol; polychlorinated biphenyls; retinol; thyroxine; umbilical cord plasma ID RAT-LIVER MICROSOMES; THYROID-HORMONE; HUMAN TRANSTHYRETIN; IN-VITRO; NEUROLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; THYROXINE-BINDING; PCB METABOLITES; BLOOD AB Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hydroxylated metabolites of PCBs (HO-PCBs) and octachlorostyrene (4-HO-HpCS), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) were determined in umbilical cord plasma samples from three different regions of Quebec. The regions studied included two coastal areas where exposure to PCBs is high because of marine-food-based diets-Nunavik (Inuit people) and the Lower North Shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence (subsistence fishermen) - and a southern Quebec urban center where PCB exposure is at background levels (Quebec City). The main chlorinated phenolic compound in all regions was PCP. Concentrations of PCP were not significantly different among regions (geometric mean concentration 1,670 pg/g, range 628-7,680 pg/g wet weight in plasma). The ratio of PCP to polychlorinated biphenyl congener number 153 (CB153) concentration ranged from 0.72 to 42.3. Sum HO-PCB (SigmaEHO-PCBs) concentrations were different among regions, with geometric mean concentrations of 553 (range 238-1,750), 286 (103-788), and 234 (147-464) pg/g wet weight plasma for the Lower North Shore, Nunavik, and the southern Quebec groups, respectively. Lower North Shore samples also had the highest geometric mean concentration of Sum PCBs (sum of 49 congeners; SigmaPCBs), 2,710 (525-7,720) pg/g wet weight plasma. SigmaPCB concentrations for Nunavik samples and southern samples were 1,510 (309-6,230) and 843 (290-1,650) pg/g wet weight plasma. Concentrations (log transformed) of SigmaHO-PCBs and SigmaPCBs were significantly correlated (r = 0.62, p < 0.001), as were concentrations of all major individual HO-PCB congeners and individual PCB congeners. In Nunavik and Lower North Shore samples, free thyroxine (T-4) concentrations (log transformed) were negatively correlated with the sum of quantitated chlorinated phenolic compounds (sum PCP and SigmaHO-PCBs; r = -0.47, P = 0.01, n = 20) and were not correlated with any PCB congeners or SigmaPCBs. This suggests that PCP and HO-PCBs are possibly altering thyroid hormone status in newborns, which could lead to neurodevelopmentat effects in infants. Further studies are needed to examine the effects of chlorinated phenolic compounds on thyroid hormone status in newborns. C1 Carleton Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Analyt & Environm Chem, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. CHUL Ctr Hosp Univ Quebec, Ctr Rech, Unite Rech Sante Publ, Beauport, PQ, Canada. Univ Laval, Beauport, PQ, Canada. Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Hull, PQ, Canada. RP Sandau, CD (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Sandau, Courtney/D-9555-2015 OI Sandau, Courtney/0000-0002-4387-3480 NR 59 TC 121 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 12 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2002 VL 110 IS 4 BP 411 EP 417 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 541GB UT WOS:000174975900030 PM 11940460 ER PT J AU Hambuch, TM Lacey, EA AF Hambuch, TM Lacey, EA TI Enhanced selection for MHC diversity in social tuco-tucos SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Ctenomys; MHC; microsatellites; selection; sociality; tuco-tucos ID HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX VARIATION; OVERDOMINANT SELECTION; NATURAL-SELECTION; CTENOMYS; ALLELES; LOCI; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; INTENSITY AB To explore the effects of behavior and demography on balancing selection at major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci, we examined allelic diversity at exon 2 of the MHC class II DQbeta locus in a social and a solitary species of tuco-tuco (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae: Ctenomys), both of which occur in the same valley in southwestern Argentina. By comparing patterns of diversity at this MHC gene to the diversity evident at fifteen microsatellite loci, we demonstrate that balancing selection at the DQbeta locus is enhanced in the social species compared to its solitary congener. These findings have intriguing implications for the role of behavioral and demographic parameters in maintaining diversity at MHC loci. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hambuch, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, MS G-13,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 35 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD APR PY 2002 VL 56 IS 4 BP 841 EP 845 PG 5 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 552HQ UT WOS:000175614400019 PM 12038542 ER PT J AU Miranda, MEG Yoshikawa, Y Manalo, DL Calaor, AB Miranda, NLJ Cho, F Ikegami, T Ksiazek, TG AF Miranda, MEG Yoshikawa, Y Manalo, DL Calaor, AB Miranda, NLJ Cho, F Ikegami, T Ksiazek, TG TI Chronological and spatial analysis of the 1996 Ebola Reston virus outbreak in a monkey breeding facility in the Philippines SO EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS LA English DT Article DE cynomolgus monkey; Ebola Reston virus; epidemiology AB To describe the transmission pattern of natural infection with Ebola Reston (EBO-R) virus in a breeding colony, the chronological and spatial analysis of mortality during the 1996 EBO-R virus outbreak was done in this study. The EBO-R virus infection among monkeys in the facility was widespread. Over a period of 3 months, 14 out of 21 occupied units were contaminated with antigen positive animals. A large number of wild-caught monkeys were involved in this outbreak suggesting that wild-caught monkeys have a high susceptibility to EBO-R virus infection. In this outbreak, morbidity patterns for individual animal units were very different regardless of the type and size of cages, individual or gang cages. The results suggest that not only the cage size but also poor animal husbandry practices may be risk factors for the spread of EBO-R infection. C1 Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Dept Biomed Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. Res Inst Trop Med, Vet Res Dept, Muntinlupa 1770, Philippines. INA Res Philippines Inc, Laguna, Philippines. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tsukuba Primate Ctr Med Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050843, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yoshikawa, Y (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Dept Biomed Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Yayoi 1-1-1, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. RI Ikegami, Tetsuro/H-1329-2013 NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT PRESS EDITING CENTRE INC PI TOKYO PA 1-2-3 SUGAMO, TOSHIMA-KU, TOKYO, 170 0002, JAPAN SN 1341-1357 J9 EXP ANIM TOKYO JI Exp. Anim. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 2 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1538/expanim.51.173 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 541PK UT WOS:000174992800010 PM 12012728 ER PT J AU Rajan, TV Ganley, L Paciorkowski, N Spencer, L Klei, TR Shultz, LD AF Rajan, TV Ganley, L Paciorkowski, N Spencer, L Klei, TR Shultz, LD TI Brugian infections in the peritoneal cavities of laboratory mice: kinetics of infection and cellular responses SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE B. malayi; B. pahangi; inbred mice; BALB/cByJ; C57BL/6J; pathology; peritoneal inflammation ID EOSINOPHIL GRANULE PROTEINS; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; MERIONES-UNGUICULATUS; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; BALB/C MICE; MALAYI; LARVAE; PAHANGI; MICROFILARIAE AB Standard, immunocompetent, inbred strains of mice are non-permissive for infection with the human filarial nematode, Brugia malayi or the closely related Brugia pahangi. This non-permissiveness allows one to address the mechanism(s) that might be used by mammalian hosts to eliminate large, multicellular, metazoan, extracellular invertebrate pathogens. We describe here the time course of intraperitoneal Brugian infections in naive and primed +/+ mice from two commonly used, inbred laboratory strains (C57BL/6J and BALB/cByJ). We believe that this documentation of the course of infection in normal mice will serve as a reference for future studies using mice with gone-targeted immunological deficits or which have been pharmacologically or immunologically manipulated to manifest such deficits. Our data show that even though both strains of mice eliminate the parasite before the onset of patency, there are significant differences in the time course of infection and in the fractions of input larvae that can be recovered at any time after infection. In a secondary infection, the time course of elimination is accelerated. We examined the cells in the peritoneal cavity, the site of infection, by flow microfluorimetry using forward and side scatter properties and cell surface antigen expression using fluorescent antibodies. These studies reveal a complex cellular pattern, predominated by B lymphocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils. The most notable gross morphological findings at necropsy during the phase of elimination of the parasite are nodules of tissue containing larvae, which appear viable in some cases and undergoing various stages of disintegration in others. These nodules, which are histologically granulomas, are primarily composed of macrophages and eosinophils, with few if any lymphocytes. Transmission electron micrographs reveal that eosinophils can penetrate under the cuticles of the larvae and be seen in close approximation with internal structures. These granulomas may represent an important mechanism by which worms are eliminated. C1 Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. RP Rajan, TV (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 42362, AI 39705] NR 28 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 100 IS 4 BP 235 EP 247 AR PII S0014-4894(02)00015-2 DI 10.1016/S0014-4894(02)00015-2 PG 13 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 578PR UT WOS:000177127400004 PM 12128050 ER PT J AU Adams, EK Miller, VP Ernst, C Nishimura, BK Melvin, C Merritt, R AF Adams, EK Miller, VP Ernst, C Nishimura, BK Melvin, C Merritt, R TI Neonatal health care costs related to smoking during pregnancy SO HEALTH ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE smoking; birth outcomes; neonatal costs ID INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; RISK-FACTORS; WOMEN; PREECLAMPSIA; CESSATION; IMPACT; AGE AB Research objective: Much of the work on estimating health care costs attributable to smoking has failed to capture the effects and related costs of smoking during pregnancy. The goal of this study is to use data on smoking behavior, birth outcomes and resource utilization to estimate neonatal costs attributable to maternal smoking during pregnancy. Study design: We use 1995 data from the Center for Disease Control's (CDC) Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) database. The PRAMS collects representative samples of births from 13 states (Alabama, Alaska, California, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Maine, Michigan, New York (excluding New York City), Oklahoma, South Carolina, Washington, and West Virginia), and the District of Columbia. The 1995 PRAMS sample is approximately 25 000. Multivariate analysis is used to estimate the relationship of smoking to probability of admission to an NICU and, separately, the length of stay for those admitted or not admitted to an NICU. Neonatal costs are predicted for infants 'as is' and 'as if their mother did not smoke. The difference between these constitutes smoking attributable neonatal costs; this divided by total neonatal costs constitutes the smoking attributable fraction (SAF). We use data from the MarketScan(TM) database of the MedStat(TM) Corporation to attach average dollar amounts to NICU and non-NICU nursery nights and data from the 1997 birth certificates to extrapolate the SAFs and attributable expenses to all states. Principal findings: The analysis showed that maternal smoking increased the relative risk of admission to an NICU by almost 20%. For infants admitted to the NICU, maternal smoking increased length of stay while for non-NICU infants it appeared to lower it. Over all births, however, smoking increased infant length of stay by 1.1%. NICU infants cost $2496 per night while in the NICU and $1796 while in a regular nursery compared to only $748 for non-NICU infants. The combination of the increased NICU use, longer stays and higher costs result in a positive smoking attributable fraction (SAF) for neonatal costs. The SAF across all states is 2.2%. Across the states, the SAF varied from a low of 1.3% in Texas to a high of 4.6% in Indiana. Conclusions: These results further confirm the adverse effects of smoking. Among mothers who smoke, smoking adds over $700 in neonatal costs. The smoking attributable neonatal costs in the US represent almost $367 million in 1996 dollars; these costs vary from less than a million in smaller states to over $35 million in California. These costs are highly preventable since the adverse effects of maternal smoking occur in the short-run and can be avoided by even a temporary cessation of maternal smoking. These cost estimates can be used by managed care plans, state and local public health officials and others to evaluate alternative smoking smoking cessation programs. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Clin Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, SHEPS Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Smoke Free Families Program, Natl Disseminat Off, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Berkeley Econ Res Associates, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Adams, EK (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 25 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1057-9230 J9 HEALTH ECON JI Health Econ. PD APR PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3 BP 193 EP 206 DI 10.1002/hec.660 PG 14 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 537TH UT WOS:000174775300002 PM 11921317 ER PT J AU Macek, MD Manski, RJ Vargas, CM Moeller, JF AF Macek, MD Manski, RJ Vargas, CM Moeller, JF TI Comparing oral health care utilization estimates in the United States across three nationally representative surveys SO HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dental care/utilization; dental health surveys; United States epidemiology; adult ID BEHAVIORAL FREQUENCY QUESTIONS AB Objective. To compare estimates of dental visits among adults using three national surveys. Data Sources/Study Design. Gross-sectional data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and National Health Expenditure surveys (NMCES, NMES, MEPS). Study Design. This secondary data analysis assessed whether overall estimates and stratum-specific trends are different across surveys. Data Collection. Dental visit data are age standardized via the direct method to the 1990 population of the United States. Point estimates, standard errors, and test statistics are generated using SUDAAN. Principal Findings. Sociodemographic, stratum-specific trends are generally consistent across surveys; however, overall estimates differ (NHANES III [364-day estimate] versus 1993 NHIS: -17.5 percent difference, Z = 7.27, pvalue < 0.001; NHANES III [365-day estimate] vs. 1993 NHIS: 5.4 percent difference, Z = -2.50, p value = 0.006; MEPS vs. 1993 NHIS: -29.8 percent difference, Z = 16.71, p value < 0.001). MEPS is the least susceptible to intrusion, telescoping, and social desirability. Conclusions. Possible explanations for discrepancies include different reference periods, lead-in statements, question format, and social desirability of responses. Choice of survey should depend on the hypothesis. If trends are necessary, choice of survey should not matter; however, if health status or expenditure associations are necessary, then surveys that contain these variables should be used, and if accurate overall estimates are necessary, then MEPS should be used. A validation study should be conducted to establish "true" utilization estimates. C1 Univ Maryland, Baltimore Coll Dent Surg, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Hlth Care Delivery, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore Coll Dent Surg, Sch Dent,Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Ctr Cost & Financing Studies, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore Coll Dent Surg, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Hlth Care Delivery, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Cost & Financing Studies, Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. RP Macek, MD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Baltimore Coll Dent Surg, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Hlth Care Delivery, 666 W Baltimore St,Room 3-E-02, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 25 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-9124 J9 HEALTH SERV RES JI Health Serv. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 37 IS 2 BP 499 EP 521 DI 10.1111/1475-6773.034 PG 23 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 550AL UT WOS:000175480800014 PM 12036005 ER PT J AU Davis, RR Murphy, WJ Snawder, JE Striley, CAF Henderson, D Khan, A Krieg, EF AF Davis, RR Murphy, WJ Snawder, JE Striley, CAF Henderson, D Khan, A Krieg, EF TI Susceptibility to the ototoxic properties of toluene is species specific SO HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ototoxicity; toluene; hepatic microsome; CYP2E1; CYP2B; chinchilla ID AUDITORY-EVOKED-RESPONSE; INDUCED HEARING-LOSS; SIMULTANEOUS EXPOSURE; NOISE; METABOLISM; RATS; CHINCHILLA; MICROSOMES; WORKERS; MODEL AB Toluene is the most widely used industrial solvent. It has been shown to be ototoxic in mice and rats, and to increase permanent threshold shift in conjunction with exposure to noise. Chinchillas are widely used for studying noise effects on the cochlea. The present study was initiated to study toluene and noise interaction in chinchillas, Thirty-three chinchillas were exposed to a 95 dBA 500 Hz octave band noise plus 2000 ppm toluene, 8 or 12 It per day for 10 days. Auditors function was estimated using the auditory brainstem response (ABR) to tones between 500 Hz and 16 kHz. There as no effect on the ABR of toluene alone. Noise alone produced a threshold shift. There was no interaction of noise and toluene on the car. The present study suggests that chinchillas are markedly less susceptible to the ototoxic effect of toluene than mice and rats, A working hypothesis Lis to the species differences was that chinchilla liver was able to detoxify the toluene. Hepatic microsomes from chinchillas, rats and humans were tested for their ability to convert toluene to the more water-soluble Compound benzyl alcohol. Chinchilla livers were Found to contain more of the P450 enzymes CYP2E1 and CYP2B than rats or humans. In addition, the data show that the P450 enzymes are more active in chinchillas than in rats and humans. In conclusion, the results suggest that rats and mice are a more appropriate model for human toluene ototoxicity. However. chinchillas may provide a valuable model for investigating how ototoxic agents can be detoxified to less damaging compounds. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Sect, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Control Technol Sect, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Biol Monitoring Lab Sect, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Monitoring Res & Stat Act, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Hearing Res Lab, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Davis, RR (reprint author), NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Sect, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Davis, Rickie/A-3186-2008; OI Davis, Rickie/0000-0002-9264-2021 NR 28 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-5955 J9 HEARING RES JI Hear. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 166 IS 1-2 BP 24 EP 32 AR PII S0378-5955(02)00280-0 DI 10.1016/S0378-5955(02)00280-0 PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 567HQ UT WOS:000176479700003 PM 12062755 ER PT J AU Hu, MC Walls, MA Stroop, SD Reddish, MA Beall, B Dale, JB AF Hu, MC Walls, MA Stroop, SD Reddish, MA Beall, B Dale, JB TI Immunogenicity of a 26-valent group A streptococcal vaccine SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; M-PROTEIN VACCINE; RHEUMATIC-FEVER; PROTECTIVE EPITOPES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RECOMBINANT; INFECTIONS; FRAGMENT; SEQUENCE; ANTIGEN AB A multivalent vaccine containing amino-terminal M protein fragments from 26 different serotypes of group A streptococci was constructed by recombinant techniques. The vaccine consisted of four different recombinant proteins that were formulated with alum to contain 400 mug of protein per dose. Rabbits were immunized via the intramuscular route at 0, 4, and 16 weeks. Immune sera were assayed for the presence of type-specific antibodies against the individual recombinant M peptides by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and for opsonic antibodies by in vitro opsonization tests and indirect bactericidal tests. The 26-valent vaccine was highly immunogenic and elicited fourfold or greater increases in antibody levels against 25 of the 26 serotypes represented in the vaccine. The immune sera were broadly opsonic and were bactericidal against the majority of the 26 different serotypes. Importantly, none of the immune sera cross-reacted with human tissues. Our results indicate that type-specific, protective M protein epitopes can be incorporated into complex, multivalent vaccines designed to elicit broadly protective opsonic antibodies in the absence of tissue-cross-reactive antibodies. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr 11A, Memphis, TN 38104 USA. ID Biomed Corp, Bothell, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Med, Memphis, TN 38104 USA. RP Dale, JB (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr 11A, 1030 Jefferson Ave, Memphis, TN 38104 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI010085, R37 AI010085, AI-10085] NR 40 TC 159 Z9 167 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2002 VL 70 IS 4 BP 2171 EP 2177 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.4.2171-2177.2002 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 534FE UT WOS:000174573200057 PM 11895984 ER PT J AU Emmer, CL Besser, RE AF Emmer, CL Besser, RE TI Combating antimicrobial resistance: Intervention programs to promote appropriate antibiotic use SO INFECTIONS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE drug resistance; antibiotics; Streptococcus pneumoniae; infection, respiratory tract; practice guidelines ID PHYSICIANS; EXPECTATIONS; PARENTS; ADULTS AB Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major public health threats of the next decade. Rising rates of pneumococcal resistance have already had a major impact on our ability to treat common infections, such as otitis media, sinusitis, and pneumonia. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections contribute to this resistance. The CDC has therefore begun a national campaign to promote the appropriate use of antibiotics. Interventions across the country are attempting to reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance, improve physician prescribing practices, and modify patient behavior. It appears that these interventions are successfully reducing the inappropriate use of antibiotics. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Sect, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Emmer, CL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Sect, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU SCP COMMUNICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 134 W 29TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001-5304 USA SN 0749-6524 J9 INFECT MED JI Infect. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 19 IS 4 BP 160 EP + PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 543PL UT WOS:000175110300003 ER PT J AU Porter, DW Ye, JP Ma, J Barger, M Robinson, VA Ramsey, D McLaurin, J Khan, A Landsittel, D Teass, A Castranova, V AF Porter, DW Ye, JP Ma, J Barger, M Robinson, VA Ramsey, D McLaurin, J Khan, A Landsittel, D Teass, A Castranova, V TI Time course of pulmonary response of rats to inhalation of crystalline silica: NF-kappa B activation, inflammation, cytokine production, and damage SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; NITRIC-OXIDE; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; GENE-EXPRESSION; INHALED SILICA; FREE-RADICALS; LUNG INJURY; INHIBITION; TRANSCRIPTION; RECRUITMENT AB In vitro studies suggest that silica-induced lung disease may be linked to processes regulated by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation, but this has not been examined in vivo. Rats were exposed to a silica aerosol of 15 mg/m(3) (6h/day, 5 days/wk) for 116 days, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was conducted at various times during the exposure. Silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and damage were determined by measuring BAL cell differentials and first BAL fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and serum albumin concentrations, respectively. NF-kappaB activation and production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) by BAL cells were also measured. The results demonstrate that NF-kappaB activation occurred after 5 days exposure, and continued to increase thereafter. BAL cell production of IL-1 and TNF-alpha had increased incrementally by 10 and 30 days of exposure, respectively. This elevation continued through 79 days of exposure before further increasing at 116 days of exposure. Pulmonary inflammation and damage in silica-exposed rats were also significantly elevated at 5 days of exposure, further increased at a slow rate through 41 days of exposure, and dramatically increased thereafter. Taken together, the results indicate that the initial molecular response of NF-kappaB activation in BAL cells occurs in response to low levels of silica deposition in the lung and increases more rapidly versus exposure duration than silica-induced pulmonary inflammation, cellular damage, and cytokine production by BAL cells. This suggests that NF-kappaB activation in BAL cells may play an important role in the initiation and progression of silica-induced pulmonary inflammation, cellular damage, and fibrosis. C1 NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Porter, DW (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd,M-S 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 40 TC 37 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 4 BP 349 EP 367 DI 10.1080/08958370252870998 PG 19 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 540YK UT WOS:000174958300002 PM 12028809 ER PT J AU Toraason, M Hayden, C Marlow, D Rinehart, R Mathias, P Werren, D Olsen, LD Neumeister, CE Mathews, ES Cheever, KL Marlow, KL DeBord, DG Reid, TM AF Toraason, M Hayden, C Marlow, D Rinehart, R Mathias, P Werren, D Olsen, LD Neumeister, CE Mathews, ES Cheever, KL Marlow, KL DeBord, DG Reid, TM TI DNA strand breaks, oxidative damage, and 1-OH pyrene in roofers with coal-tar pitch dust and/or fume exposure (vol 74, pg 396, 2001) SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Correction C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Toraason, M (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0340-0131 J9 INT ARCH OCC ENV HEA JI Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health PD APR PY 2002 VL 75 IS 4 BP 279 EP 279 DI 10.1007/s00420-002-0321-9 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 548HY UT WOS:000175383600012 ER PT J AU Selik, RM Byers, RH Dworkin, MS AF Selik, RM Byers, RH Dworkin, MS TI Trends in diseases reported on US death certificates that mentioned HIV infection, 1987-1999 SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; HIV infection; death certificates; opportunistic infections; cancers; liver disease; kidney disease ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; AUTOPSY FINDINGS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; HEPATITIS-C; AIDS; HEPATOTOXICITY; TUBERCULOSIS AB To examine trends in the proportions of deaths with various diseases among deaths with HIV infection, we analyzed multiple-cause death certificate data for all deaths in the United States from 1987 through 1999. Disease proportions were adjusted to control for demographic changes. Deaths reported with HIV infection increased from 15,331 in 1987 to 47,977 in 1995 and then decreased to 16,061 in 1999. Among these reported deaths, new trends during the period from 1995 through 1999 included decreases in the proportions with cytomegalovirus disease (from 6.8% to 2.8%), wasting/cachexia (9.8% to 6.8%), and dementia/encephalopathy (6.3% to 3.9%) and increases in the proportions with septicemia/septic shock (from 9.2% to 13.4%) and diseases of the liver (4.9%, to 11.6%), kidney (6.3% to 9.1%), and heart (4.2% to 6.9%). Continuations of pre-1995 trends included decreases in the proportions with nontuberculous mycobacteriosis (7.1%, to 3.1%) and Kaposi sarcoma (5.3% to 2.6%). Advances in antiretroviral therapy probably caused deaths due to HIV infection to decrease after 1995. Consequently, the proportions of deaths with HIV that were caused by other conditions increased. Improved prophylaxis or treatment of some opportunistic infections could also have reduced the proportions of deaths With those diseases, whereas antiviral drug toxicity could have contributed to increases in the proportions With noninfectious organ diseases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Selik, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, MS E-47,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 37 TC 168 Z9 176 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 4 BP 378 EP 387 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 535TB UT WOS:000174661500009 PM 11917243 ER PT J AU Kudva, IT Evans, PS Perna, NT Barrett, TJ Ausubel, FM Blattner, FR Calderwood, SB AF Kudva, IT Evans, PS Perna, NT Barrett, TJ Ausubel, FM Blattner, FR Calderwood, SB TI Strains of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 differ primarily by insertions or deletions, not single-nucleotide polymorphisms SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENICITY ISLAND; SEQUENCE; VIRULENCE; EVOLUTION; GENOME; K-12 AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 (O157) strains demonstrate varied pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns following XbaI digestion, which enable epidemiological surveillance of this important human pathogen. The genetic events underlying PFGE differences between strains, however, are not defined. We investigated the mechanisms for strain variation in O157 by recovering and examining nucleotide sequences flanking each of the XbaI restriction enzyme sites in the genome. Our analysis demonstrated that differences between O157 strains were due to discrete insertions or deletions that contained the XbaI sites polymorphic between strains rather than single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the XbaI sites themselves. These insertions and deletions were found to be uniquely localized within the regions of the genome that are specific to O157 compared to E. coli K-12 (O islands), suggesting that strain-to-strain variation occurs in these O islands. These results may be utilized to devise novel strain-typing tools for this pathogen. C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Mol Biol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Genet Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anim Hlth & Biomed Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Calderwood, SB (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02114 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI007061, T32 AI07061] NR 20 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 184 IS 7 BP 1873 EP 1879 DI 10.1128/JB.148.7.1873-1879.2002 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 532CL UT WOS:000174454000010 PM 11889093 ER PT J AU Tyrrell, GJ Turnbull, L Teixeira, LM Lefebvre, J Carvalho, MDS Facklam, RR Lovgren, M AF Tyrrell, GJ Turnbull, L Teixeira, LM Lefebvre, J Carvalho, MDS Facklam, RR Lovgren, M TI Enterococcus gilvus sp. nov. and Enterococcus pallens sp. nov. isolated from human clinical specimens SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Light yellow-pigmented (strain PQ1) and yellow-pigmented (strain PQ2), gram-positive, non-spore-forming, nonmotile bacteria consisting of pairs or chains of cocci were isolated from the bile of a patient with cholecystitis (PQ1) and the peritoneal dialysate of another patient with peritonitis (PQ2). Morphologically and biochemically, the organisms phenotypically belonged to the genus Enterococcus. Whole-cell protein (WCP) analysis and sequence analysis of a segment of the 16S rRNA gene suggested that they are new species within the genus Enterococcus. PQ1 and PQ2 displayed less than 70% identities to other enterococcal species by WCP analysis. Sequence analysis showed that PQ1 shared the highest level of sequence similarity with Enterococcus raffinosus and E. malodoratus (sequence similarities of 99.8% to these two species). Sequence analysis of PQ2 showed that it had the highest degrees of sequence identity with the group I enterococci E. malodoratus (98.7%), E. raffinosus (98.6%), E. avium (98.6%), and E. pseudoavium (98.6%). PQ1 and PQ2 can be differentiated from the other Enterococcus spp. in groups II, III, IV, and V by their phenotypic characteristics: PQ1 and PQ2 produce acid from mannitol and sorbose and do not hydrolyze arginine, placing them in group I. The yellow pigmentation differentiates these strains from the other group I enterococci. PQ1 and PQ2 can be differentiated from each other since PQ1 does not produce acid from arabinose, whereas PQ2 does. Also, PQ1 is Enterococcus Accuprobe assay positive and pyrrolidonyl-beta-naphthylamide hydrolysis positive, whereas PQ2 is negative by these assays. The name Enterococcus gilvus sp. nov. is proposed for strain PQ1, and the name Enterococcus pallens sp. nov. is proposed for strain PQ2. Type strains have been deposited in culture collections as E. gilvus ATCC BAA-350 (CCUG 45553) and E. pallens ATCC BAA-351 (CCUG 45554). C1 Natl Ctr Streptococcus Canada, Prov Lab Publ Hlth No Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. Natl Sante Publ Quebec, Inst Lab Sante Publ Quebec, St Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tyrrell, GJ (reprint author), 2B313 Walter Mackenzie Ctr, 8440-112 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J2, Canada. NR 26 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 4 BP 1140 EP 1145 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.4.1140-1145.2002 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 538GX UT WOS:000174808000003 PM 11923322 ER PT J AU Nimri, LF Moura, INS Huang, L del Rio, C Rimland, D Duchin, JS Dotson, EM Beard, CB AF Nimri, LF Moura, INS Huang, L del Rio, C Rimland, D Duchin, JS Dotson, EM Beard, CB TI Genetic diversity of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis based on variations in nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacers of rRNA genes SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; RECURRENT PNEUMONIA; INFECT HUMANS; REGIONS; TRANSMISSION; STRAINS; PCR AB A variety of genes have been used to type Pneumocystis carinii. In the present study, nucleotide sequence variations in the ITS1 and ITS2 internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the rRNA genes were used to type Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis DNA obtained from the lungs of 60 human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. These regions were amplified by PCR, cloned, and sequenced. Multibase polymorphisms were identified among samples. Several new genotypes are reported on the basis of the nucleotide sequence variations at previously unreported positions of both the ITS1 and the ITS2 regions. Twelve new ITS1 sequences were observed, in addition to the nine sequence types reported previously. The most common was type E, which was observed in 60.5% of the samples. The sequence variations in the ITS1 region were mainly located at positions 5, 12, 23, 24, 45, 53, and 54. Sixteen new ITS2 types were also identified, in addition to the 13 types reported previously. The most common was type g (26.6%). The sequences of the ITS2 regions in most specimens were different from the previously published sequence at bases 120 and 166 through 183. The most common variations observed were deletions at positions 177 through 183. The presence of more than one sequence type in some patients (60%) suggested the occurrence of coinfection with multiple A carinii strains. The genetic polymorphism observed demonstrates the degree of diversity of Pneumocystis strains that infect humans. Furthermore, the high degree of polymorphism suggests that these genes are evolving faster than other genes. Consequently, the sequence information derived is useful for purposes such as examination of the potential of person-to-person transmission and recurrent infections but perhaps not for other genotyping applications that rely on more stable genetic loci. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Washington, Div Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Nimri, LF (reprint author), JUST, Dept Appl Biol, POB 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan. RI del Rio, Carlos/B-3763-2012; OI del Rio, Carlos/0000-0002-0153-3517; Nimri, Laila/0000-0002-0491-7524 NR 26 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 4 BP 1146 EP 1151 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.4.1146-1151.2002 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 538GX UT WOS:000174808000004 PM 11923323 ER PT J AU Kudva, IT Evans, PS Perna, NT Barrett, TJ DeCastro, GJ Ausubel, FM Blattner, FR Calderwood, SB AF Kudva, IT Evans, PS Perna, NT Barrett, TJ DeCastro, GJ Ausubel, FM Blattner, FR Calderwood, SB TI Polymorphic amplified typing sequences provide a novel approach to Escherichia coli O157 : H7 strain typing SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; FOOD-BORNE OUTBREAK; PCR; PATTERNS AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 (O157) strains are commonly typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) following digestion of genomic DNA with the restriction enzyme XbaI. We have shown that O157 strains differ from each other by a series of discrete insertions or deletions, some of which contain recognition sites for XbaI, suggesting that these insertions and deletions are responsible for the differences in PFGE patterns. We have devised a new O157 strain typing protocol, polymorphic amplified typing sequences (PATS), based on this information. We designed PCR primer pairs to amplify genomic DNA flanking each of 40 individual XbaI sites in the genomes of two O157 reference strains. These primer pairs were tested with 44 O157 isolates, 2 each from 22 different outbreaks of infection. Thirty-two primer pairs amplified identical fragments from all 44 isolates, while eight primer pairs amplified regions that were polymorphic between isolates. The isolates could be differentiated solely on the basis of which of the eight polymorphic amplicons was detected. PATS correctly identified 21 of 22 outbreak pairs as being identical or highly related, whereas PFGE correctly identified 14 of the 22 outbreak pairs as being identical or highly related; PATS was also able to type isolates from three outbreaks that were untypeable by PFGE. However, PATS was less sensitive than PFGE in discriminating between outbreaks. These data suggest that typing by PATS may provide a simple procedure for strain typing of O157 and other bacteria and that further evaluation of the utility of this method for epidemiologic investigations is warranted. C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Mol Biol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Genet Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anim Hlth & Biomed Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Calderwood, SB (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM scalderwood@partners.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI07061, T32 AI007061] NR 19 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 4 BP 1152 EP 1159 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.4.1152-1159.2002 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 538GX UT WOS:000174808000005 PM 11923324 ER PT J AU Huang, XZ Chu, MC Engelthaler, DM Lindler, LE AF Huang, XZ Chu, MC Engelthaler, DM Lindler, LE TI Genotyping of a homogeneous group of Yersinia pestis strains isolated in the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PLAGUE; PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS; GENOME; ENTEROCOLITICA; MADAGASCAR; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCES; ELEMENTS; IS100 AB Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of deadly plague, is considered a reemerging infectious disease and a significant biological terrorism threat. The present project focused on epidemiological investigation of the genetic variability of well-documented strains of Y. pestis from the United States by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with insertion sequences IS100 and IS285 as probes. We examined 37 U.S. Y. pestis strains and isolates of a single ribotype, ribotype B, recovered between 1939 and 1998 from patients, animals, and fleas. Our results showed that all isolates had similar PFGE patterns, but minor differences such as missing, additional, and shifted bands were found among almost all strains if they came from different parent strains. The 37 strains and isolates were divided into 26 PFGE types. RFLP analysis with IS100 as a probe divided these strains and isolates into 16 types, with 43% belonging to IS100 type 1. Typing with IS285 as a probe was less specific and led to only four RFLP types, with 81% belonging to type 1. Similarity analysis with BioNumerics software showed that all strains shared greater than or equal to80, 86, and 91% similarities on dendrograms prepared from digitized PFGE, IS100 RFLP analysis, and IS285 RFLP analysis images, respectively. Our results demonstrate that PFGE offers an increased ability to discriminate between strains (Simpson's index of diversity, 0.98) and therefore can significantly improve epidemiological studies related to the origin of new plague isolates. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Lindler, LE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 4 BP 1164 EP 1173 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.4.1164-1173.2002 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 538GX UT WOS:000174808000007 PM 11923326 ER PT J AU Ferraro, MJ Swenson, JM Tenover, FC AF Ferraro, MJ Swenson, JM Tenover, FC TI Detection of staphylococci with reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Clin Microbiol Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. CDCP, Antiinfect Invest Sect, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ferraro, MJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Clin Microbiol Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 4 BP 1573 EP 1573 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.4.1573.2002 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 538GX UT WOS:000174808000084 PM 11923403 ER PT J AU Brown, BA Kilpatrick, DR Oberste, MS Pallansch, MA AF Brown, BA Kilpatrick, DR Oberste, MS Pallansch, MA TI Serotype-specific identification of enterovirus 71 by PCR (vol 16, pg 107, 2000) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 CDCP, Div Viral Rickettsial Dis, Resp Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brown, BA (reprint author), CDCP, Div Viral Rickettsial Dis, Resp Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-1 7, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 24 IS 3 BP 211 EP 211 AR PII S1386-6532(01)00210-4 DI 10.1016/S1386-6532(01)00210-4 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 535WZ UT WOS:000174670500007 ER PT J AU Rao, JK Kroenke, K Weinberger, M Anderson, LA AF Rao, JK Kroenke, K Weinberger, M Anderson, LA TI Can clinical factors predict which arthritis patients will have unmet expectations at a future visit? SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 17 SU 1 BP 146 EP 147 PG 2 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 544LB UT WOS:000175158200554 ER PT J AU Brown, AF Gerzoff, RC Karter, AJ Beckles, GL AF Brown, AF Gerzoff, RC Karter, AJ Beckles, GL TI Quality of care and satisfaction with care for Latinos with diabetes in managed care: The TRIAD study. SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kaiser Permanente Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 17 SU 1 BP 152 EP 153 PG 2 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 544LB UT WOS:000175158200582 ER PT J AU Brown, AF Porterfield, DS Gregg, EW Beckles, GL Engelgau, MM AF Brown, AF Porterfield, DS Gregg, EW Beckles, GL Engelgau, MM TI Medication underuse and glycemic control in uninsured African-Americans with diabetes. SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. N Carolina Div Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 17 SU 1 BP 153 EP 153 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 544LB UT WOS:000175158200583 ER PT J AU Hasbrouck, L Mercy, J Potter, L Andre, M AF Hasbrouck, L Mercy, J Potter, L Andre, M TI Accounting for racial disparity in life expectancy. SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Childrens Safety Network, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 17 SU 1 BP 161 EP 161 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 544LB UT WOS:000175158200622 ER PT J AU Safford, M Stevens, M Gerzoff, R AF Safford, M Stevens, M Gerzoff, R TI Patient satisfaction with provider communication is related to processes and outcomes of diabetes care: The TRIAD study. SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 17 SU 1 BP 210 EP 210 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 544LB UT WOS:000175158200850 ER PT J AU Krawczynski, K Kamili, S Li, XF Farci, P Fattom, A Naso, R AF Krawczynski, K Kamili, S Li, XF Farci, P Fattom, A Naso, R TI Molecular dynamics of HCV hypervariable region 1 (HCV HVR1) quasispecies in chronically HCV-infected chimpanzees SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Nabi, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 36 SU 1 MA 599 BP 169 EP 169 DI 10.1016/S0168-8278(02)80600-6 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 553YG UT WOS:000175704700596 ER PT J AU Hauknes, HA Tanz, RR Thomson, RB Pierry, DK Kaplan, EL Beall, B Johnson, D Hoe, NP Musser, JM Shulman, ST AF Hauknes, HA Tanz, RR Thomson, RB Pierry, DK Kaplan, EL Beall, B Johnson, D Hoe, NP Musser, JM Shulman, ST TI The heterogeneity of endemic community pediatric group A streptococcal pharyngeal isolates and their relationship to invasive isolates SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies/American-Academy-of-Pediatrics CY MAY 12-16, 2000 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Acad Pediat ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCUS; COMPLEMENT-INHIBITING PROTEIN; TOXIC-SHOCK-SYNDROME; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; CLINICAL-FEATURES; INFECTIONS; PYOGENES; SEROTYPE; STRAINS AB By use of molecular techniques, the genetic heterogeneity of 63 community pediatric pharyngeal group A streptococcal (GAS) isolates circulating within a 3-week period were compared with 17 contemporaneous invasive pediatric isolates. Pharyngitis isolates represented 16 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns with 12 emm serotypes, and invasive isolates represented 10 PFGE patterns with 9 emm serotypes. One-fourth of the pharyngeal isolates (16/63) were identical to at least 1 invasive isolate; conversely, 10 (59%) of 17 invasive isolates were identical to at least 1 pharyngeal strain. sic allele analysis of emm1 strains demonstrated additional heterogeneity and overlap. More pharyngeal (71%) than invasive isolates (35%) were positive for both speA and speC (P <.02). Many pharyngitis GAS strains circulate simultaneously. Most invasive pediatric GAS strains are identical to acute pharyngitis strains; thus, childhood pharyngitis is a major reservoir for strains with invasive potential. Pharyngeal isolates were more likely to be speA and speC positive than were the invasive isolates. C1 Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Mem Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Mem Hosp, Div Gen Med, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Mem Hosp, Div Med Acad Pediat, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston Hosp, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Minnesota, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Streptococci, Minneapolis, MN USA. NIAID, Lab Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, Rocky Mt Labs, NIH, Hamilton, MT USA. RP Shulman, ST (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Mem Hosp, Div Infect Dis, 2300 Childrens Plaza,Box 20, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 7 BP 915 EP 920 DI 10.1086/339407 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 535QE UT WOS:000174654500009 PM 11920315 ER PT J AU Smith, CB Cox, NJ Subbarao, K Taber, LH Glezen, WP AF Smith, CB Cox, NJ Subbarao, K Taber, LH Glezen, WP TI Molecular epidemiology of influenza A(H3N2) virus reinfections SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMAGGLUTININ; RECOGNITION; ANTIBODY AB Between 1979 and 1989, families enrolled in the Houston Family Study were prospectively monitored for influenza virus infections. Reinfection with the H3N2 subtype occurred in a number of family members, and 6 pairs of isolates (interval between collection of first and second isolate, 2-5 years) were available for molecular analysis. Changes in the hemagglutinin genes of pairs of viruses isolated from the same individuals were examined to determine the molecular basis for reinfection. The findings of this study indicate that reinfection of an individual by viruses of the same subtype may occur within a relatively short period of time when the paired strains have genetically distinct hemagglutinin genes in which amino acid changes are present in the defined antigenic sites. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Influenza Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Smith, CB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI41050] NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 7 BP 980 EP 985 DI 10.1086/339416 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 535QE UT WOS:000174654500017 PM 11920323 ER PT J AU Selanikio, JD Kemmer, TM Bovill, M Geisler, K AF Selanikio, JD Kemmer, TM Bovill, M Geisler, K TI Mobile computing in the humanitarian assistance setting: An introduction and some first steps SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE handheld; humanitarian; data-collection; disaster; palm; mobile computing AB We developed a Palm operating system-based handheld computer system for administering nutrition questionnaires and used it to gather nutritional information among the Burmese refugees in the Mae La refugee camp oil the Thai-Burma border. Our experience demonstrated that such technology can be easily, adapted for such an austere setting and used to great advantage. Further, the technology showed tremendous potential to reduce both time required and errors commonly encountered when field staff collect information in the humanitarian setting. We also identified several areas needing further development. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Ctr Excellence Disaster Management & Humanitarian, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Student Detachment Nutr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Selanikio, JD (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Ctr Excellence Disaster Management & Humanitarian, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0148-5598 J9 J MED SYST JI J. Med. Syst. PD APR PY 2002 VL 26 IS 2 BP 113 EP 125 AR UNSP 0148-5598/02/0400-0113/0 DI 10.1023/A:1014853825636 PG 13 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 542GK UT WOS:000175035000005 PM 11993568 ER PT J AU Markotic, A Nichol, ST Kuzman, I Sanchez, AJ Ksiazek, TG Gagro, A Rabatic, S Zgorelec, R Avsic-Zupanc, T Beus, I Dekaris, D AF Markotic, A Nichol, ST Kuzman, I Sanchez, AJ Ksiazek, TG Gagro, A Rabatic, S Zgorelec, R Avsic-Zupanc, T Beus, I Dekaris, D TI Characteristics of Puumala and Dobrava infections in Croatia SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome and Hantaviruses CY MAR, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA DE HFRS; soldiers; war; clinical study; epidemiology ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; HANTAVIRUS DISEASE; UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY; RENAL SYNDROME; VIRUS; HERZEGOVINA; HEPATITIS; SLOVENIA; BOSNIA; SERA AB In this study, two different hantaviruses, Puumala virus (PUUV) and Dobrava virus (DOBV), were demonstrated for the first time to coexist and cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Croatia. Phylogenetic analysis showed some differences among the nucleotide sequences of PUUV originating from Dinara mountain, which was more closely related to Austrian PUUV than other Croatian PUUV from Mala Kapela mountain. More consistency was found among the Croatian DOBV. HFRS was verified in 85 of 201 suspected cases recorded in 1995 during the largest HFRS outbreak in Croatia. Most of these cases were soldiers. With the exception of the coastal region and islands, all of Croatia was found to be an area endemic for HFRS. A statistically significantly higher proportion of DOBV-infected patients had acute renal failure, visual disturbance, severe thrombocytopenia, and elevated levels of nonsegmented leukocytes, creatine, and total bilirubin. The prevalence of gastrointestinal and electrocardiography disorders also was greater in DOBV-infected patients. Interestingly, significantly more PUUV-infected patients had elevated systolic blood pressure on admission to the hospital. Further prospective studies are necessary to shed more light on differences in HFRS severity associated with PUU and DOB viruses. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Zagreb, Inst Immunol, Dept Res & Dev, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. CDC, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Zagreb, Univ Hosp Infect Dis, Zagreb, Croatia. Univ Ljubljana, Sch Med, Inst Microbiol, Ljubljana 61000, Slovenia. RP Markotic, A (reprint author), Univ Zagreb, Inst Immunol, Dept Res & Dev, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. EM alemka.markotic@imz.tel.hr NR 34 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 BP 542 EP 551 DI 10.1002/jmv.2179 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 525BP UT WOS:000174047600016 PM 11857535 ER PT J AU Grajewski, B Cox, C Schrader, SM Murray, WE Edwards, RM Turner, TW Smith, JM Evenson, DP Simon, SD Conover, DL AF Grajewski, B Cox, C Schrader, SM Murray, WE Edwards, RM Turner, TW Smith, JM Evenson, DP Simon, SD Conover, DL TI Evidence that non-ionizing radiation alters men's hormone levels - Reply SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Grajewski, B (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 44 IS 4 BP 307 EP 307 DI 10.1097/00043764-200204000-00005 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 543MV UT WOS:000175106500006 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Sullivan, JS Nace, D Williams, T Sullivan, JJ Galland, GG Grady, KK Bounngaseng, A AF Collins, WE Sullivan, JS Nace, D Williams, T Sullivan, JJ Galland, GG Grady, KK Bounngaseng, A TI Experimental infection of Anopheles farauti with different species of Plasmodium SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCIUREUS-BOLIVIENSIS MONKEYS; SAIMIRI-SCIUREUS; I STRAIN; VIVAX; CHIMPANZEES AB Studies were conducted to determine the susceptibility of Anopheles farauti to different species and strains of Plaxmodium. Mosquitoes were infected by feeding on animals or cultures infected with different strains of P. vivax, P. falciparum, A ovale, P. coatneyi, P. gonderi, P. simiovale, P. knowlesi, and A brasilianum, Infections of P. vivax and P. coatneyi were transmitted via sporozoites from An. farauti to monkeys. Comparative infection studies indicated that An. farauti was less susceptible to infection than An. stephensi, An. gambiae, An. freeborni, and An. dirus with the Salvador I strain of P. vivax, but more susceptible than An. stephensi and An. gambiaeto infection with the coindigenous Indonesian XIX strain. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Parasit Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Sci Resources Program,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Parasit Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wec1@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [936-6001] NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 EI 1937-2345 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 88 IS 2 BP 295 EP 298 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0295:EIOAFW]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 546UX UT WOS:000175294300013 PM 12054000 ER PT J AU Sulaiman, IM Lal, AA Xiao, LH AF Sulaiman, IM Lal, AA Xiao, LH TI Molecular phylogeny and evolutionary relationships of Cryptosporidium parasites at the actin locus SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE; GENOTYPE; PARVUM; IDENTIFICATION; APICOMPLEXA; MELEAGRIDIS AB To further validate previous observations in the taxonomy of Cryptosporidium parasites, the phylogenetic relationship was analyzed among various Cryptosporidium parasites at the actin locus. Nucleotide sequences of the actin gene were obtained from 9 putative Cryptosporidium species (C. parvum, C. andersoni, C. baileyi, C. felis, C. meleagridis, C. muris, C. saurophilum, C. serpentis, and C. wrairi) and various C. parvum genotypes. After multiple alignment of the obtained actin sequences, genetic distances were measured, and phylogenetic trees were constructed. Results of the analysis confirmed the presence of genetically distinct species within Cryptosporidium and various distinct genotypes within C. parvum. The phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of the actin sequences was largely in agreement with previous results based on small subunit rRNA, 70-kDa heat shock protein, and Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein genes. The Cryptosporidium species formed 2 major clades; isolates of C. andersoni, C. muris, and C. serpentis formed the first major group, whereas isolates of all other species, as well as various C. parvum genotypes, formed the second major group. Intragenotype variations were low or absent at this locus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 FU PHS HHS [DW75937730-01-0] NR 37 TC 104 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 88 IS 2 BP 388 EP 394 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0388:MPAERO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 546UX UT WOS:000175294300031 PM 12054017 ER PT J AU Sullivan, JS Jennings, VM Guarner, J Noland, GS Kendall, J Collins, WE AF Sullivan, JS Jennings, VM Guarner, J Noland, GS Kendall, J Collins, WE TI Infection of Aotus and Saimiri monkeys with Plasmodium gonderi SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION; STRAIN AB Attempts were made to infect 4 species of New World monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis, Aotus nancymai, A. vociferans, A. azarae boliviensis) with Plasmodium gonderi, a malaria parasite of African monkeys. Sporozoites were obtained from Anopheles dirus or A. stephensi mosquitoes that fed on an infected rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), Inoculation of sporozoites was by injection of dissected sporozoites by either the intravenous or intrahepatic routes, or by mosquito bite, Liver biopsies done 7 or 8 days after sporozoite inoculation showed that hepatocytes of all 4 species of these New World monkeys supported exoerythrocytic stages of P. gonderi, but daily blood film examination during a 60-day observation period failed to detect blood stages of the parasite. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sullivan, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 FU NIAAA NIH HHS [IAA 936-6001] NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 88 IS 2 BP 422 EP 425 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 546UX UT WOS:000175294300045 PM 12054031 ER PT J AU Beck-Sague, C Miller, E AF Beck-Sague, C Miller, E TI A point well taken SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; MORTALITY RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Beck-Sague, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop K20, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD APR PY 2002 VL 140 IS 4 BP 391 EP 393 DI 10.1067/mpd.2002.124319 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 550VM UT WOS:000175524400005 PM 12006950 ER PT J AU Grohskopf, LA Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Garrett, DO Sohn, AH Levine, GL Siegel, JD Stover, BH Jarvis, WR AF Grohskopf, LA Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Garrett, DO Sohn, AH Levine, GL Siegel, JD Stover, BH Jarvis, WR CA Pediat Prevention Network TI A national point-prevalence survey of pediatric intensive care unit-acquired infections in the United States SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; HOSPITAL STAY; POPULATION; BACTEREMIA; CANDIDEMIA; MORTALITY; PATIENT AB Objective: To determine the prevalence of intensive care unit-acquired infections, a major cause of morbidity in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients. Methods: Pediatric Prevention Network hospitals (n = 31) participated in a point-prevalence survey on August 4, 1999. Data collected for all PICU inpatients included demographics, infections, therapeutic interventions, and outcomes. Results: There were 512 patients in 35 PICUs. The median age was 2.2 years (range, <1 day-35.4 years). Seventy-five PICU-acquired infections occurred among 61 (11.9%) patients. The most frequently reported sites were bloodstream (31 [41.3%]), lower respiratory tract (17 [22.7%]), urinary tract (10 [13.3%]), or skin/soft tissue (6 [8.0%]). The most frequent pathogens were coagulase-negative staphylococci (in 16 [21.3%] infections), Candida spp. (13 [.3%]), enterococci (10 [13.3%]), Staphylococcus aureus (9 [12.0%]), or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8 [10.7%]). Age-adjusted risk factors for infection included central intravenous catheters (relative risk [RR], 4. 1; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 2.4-7.1), arterial catheters (RR, 2.4; 95% C1, 1.5-3.9), total parenteral nutrition (RR, 5.5; 95% CI, 3.6-8.5), or mechanical ventilation (RR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.2-6.8). Infection was associated witE higher age-adjusted riskof death within 4 weeks of the survey (RR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.7-6.5). Conclusions: This national multicenter study documented the high prevalence of PICU-acquired infections. Preventing these infections should be a national priority. C1 CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Assoc Childrens Hosp & Related Inst, Alexandria, VA USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Kosair Childrens Hosp, Norton Healthcare Inc, Louisville, KY USA. CDCP, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Grohskopf, LA (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 111 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD APR PY 2002 VL 140 IS 4 BP 432 EP 438 DI 10.1067/mpd.2002.122499 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 550VM UT WOS:000175524400012 PM 12006957 ER PT J AU Hanlon, CA Niezgoda, M Morrill, P Rupprecht, CE AF Hanlon, CA Niezgoda, M Morrill, P Rupprecht, CE TI Oral efficacy of an attenuated rabies virus vaccine in skunks and raccoons SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Mephitis mephitis; oral vaccination; Procyon lotor; rabies; rabies vaccine; raccoon; skunk ID GLYCOPROTEIN RECOMBINANT VIRUS; PROCYON-LOTOR; UNITED-STATES; PATHOGENICITY; FOXES; SAG-2; SAFETY; IMMUNIZATION; EUROPE; SITE AB Raccoons and skunks are major rabies reservoirs in North America. Oral vaccination is one method to consider for disease control in these carnivores. Under field conditions in the USA, only one oral rabies vaccine has been used. lt is efficacious in wildlife such as raccoons (Procyon lotor), coyotes (Canis la-trans), and foxes (Vulpes culpes) but not in skunks (Mephitis mephitis). The objectives of this study were to evaluate an attenuated SAG-2 rabies virus vaccine for safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy by the oral route in skunks and raccoons. Two of five skunks and three of five raccoons developed Orris neutralizing antibodies (VNA) by day 14 following oral administration of SAG-2 vaccine. All animals remained healthy. Upon challenge, naive controls succumbed to rabies. Among vaccinated animals, four of five skunks and all five raccoons had VNA on day 7 post-challenge and all survived. Given these results, SAG-2 is a promising candidate vaccine that may satisfy both safety and efficacy concerns for oral rabies immunization of major North American rabies reservoirs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hanlon, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 CLifton Rd,NE,Mailstop G33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 45 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2002 VL 38 IS 2 BP 420 EP 427 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 547YR UT WOS:000175361100022 PM 12038142 ER PT J AU DeNatale, CE Burkot, TR Schneider, BS Zeidner, NS AF DeNatale, CE Burkot, TR Schneider, BS Zeidner, NS TI Novel potential reservoirs for Borrelia sp and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Colorado SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Borrelia bissettii; chipmunks; ground squirrels; HGE agent; Spermophilus; Tamias ID CHIPMUNK TAMIAS-STRIATUS; LYME-DISEASE; IXODES-SPINIPALPIS; VECTOR COMPETENCE; NORTHERN COLORADO; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; ENZOOTIC CYCLE; UNITED-STATES; BURGDORFERI; INFECTION AB Previous work demonstrated that Ixodes spinipalpis ticks maintained an enzootic cycle of Borrelia bissettii and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (aoHGE) within woodrats (Neotoma mexicana) and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in northern Colorado (USA). Because I. spinipalpis is the only known vector of B. bissettii and aoHGE in Colorado, this stud), was designed to determine the reservoir status of other hosts of I. spinipalpis in five distinct ecological zones along the front range and foothills of Colorado. One hundred and twelve rodents of nine species were examined and 11 (10%,) were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive for aoHGE; 37 (33%) were culture positive for B. bissettii, and five (4%) were coinfected with both organisms based on PCR and culture. Of these, three chipmunk species (Tamias minimus, T quadrivittatus, and T. umbrinus) were culture positive for B. bissettii, with a single T. minimus coinfected with B. bissettii and aoHGE. In addition, one golden-mantled ground squirrel (Spermophilus lateralis) was positive for both B. bissettii and aoHGE. This is the first report of a golden-mantled ground squirrel harboring either B. bissettii or aoHGE and the initial observation that chipmunks may be a reservoir for B. bissettii in Colorado. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Zeidner, NS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087,Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RI Burkot, Thomas/C-6838-2013 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2002 VL 38 IS 2 BP 478 EP 482 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 547YR UT WOS:000175361100033 PM 12038153 ER PT J AU Green, Y AF Green, Y TI CDC contributions to women's health: focusing on prevention in midlife SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Womens Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Green, Y (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Womens Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,D51, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD APR PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3 BP 201 EP 203 DI 10.1089/152460902753668402 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 546YB UT WOS:000175303000002 PM 11988130 ER PT J AU Eyler, AE Wilcox, S Matson-Koffman, D Evenson, KR Sanderson, B Thompson, J Wilbur, J Rohm-Young, D AF Eyler, AE Wilcox, S Matson-Koffman, D Evenson, KR Sanderson, B Thompson, J Wilbur, J Rohm-Young, D TI Correlates of physical activity among women from diverse racial/ethnic groups SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID DISEASE RISK-FACTORS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; EXERCISE PARTICIPATION; GENDER DIFFERENCES; MINORITY WOMEN; SELF-EFFICACY; PUBLIC-HEALTH AB Objective: Women have lower rates of participation in leisure time physical activity than men and have been studied to a lesser extent than men. Because physical activity plays a vital role in overall health, it is important to identify factors than can help increase physical activity rates for women. Methods: Defining and understanding correlates of physical activity is critical for at-risk populations and for planning effective interventions. This paper reviews research conducted in the past two decades on correlates of physical activity in women. An ecological model with an added physical environment component was used to organize the correlates. Studies conducted among adult white, black, American Indian, Asian, and Hispanic women are included. A total of 91 studies were reviewed. Many studies included white women, fewer studies included black and Hispanic women, and even fewer included American Indian women, and only 3 studies included Asian women. Results: The correlates most studied are sociodemographic variables, with nonwhite race, lower educational levels, and older age most consistently associated with lower levels of physical activity. Few studies focused on environmental and policy correlates. Social support was an overwhelmingly positive determinant of physical activity for all groups of women. Conclusions: Based on these findings, we recommend that future research include more diverse groups of women and evaluate modifiable factors, such as psychological, interpersonal, and environmental correlates. Future research also should include more intervention and longitudinal studies. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. Univ S Carolina, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Exercise Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr Sci, Ctr Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, Dept Pediat, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Nursing, Dept Publ Hlth Mental Hlth & Adm Nursing, Chicago, IL USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Eyler, AE (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, 3545 Lafayett Ave, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU710806] NR 96 TC 143 Z9 143 U1 4 U2 19 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD APR PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3 BP 239 EP 253 DI 10.1089/152460902753668448 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 546YB UT WOS:000175303000007 PM 11988134 ER PT J AU Alterman, T Chen, X Grosch, J AF Alterman, T Chen, X Grosch, J TI Gender and occupational differences in blood pressure in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD APR PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3 MA P22 BP 322 EP 322 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 546YB UT WOS:000175303000062 ER PT J AU Miller, WE AF Miller, WE TI Revisiting the geometry of a ternary diagram with the half-taxi metric SO MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE compositional data; taxicab or city-block metric; theory of random graphs; partial correlation; correspondence analysis ID COMPOSITIONAL DATA; PROBABILITY AB An alternative definition of distance is presented for observations plotted in a ternary diagram and, more generally, for observations in a compositional data set. This definition, which conforms to the triangular coordinate system of the ternary diagram, is compared to other distance measures, and is shown to be tied to the covariance structure of compositional data. Angular differences are also discussed briefly in an Appendix. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Miller, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0882-8121 J9 MATH GEOL JI Math. Geol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 34 IS 3 BP 275 EP 290 DI 10.1023/A:1014842906442 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Geology; Mathematics GA 545WN UT WOS:000175240700003 ER PT J AU Ni, HY Simile, C Hardy, AM AF Ni, HY Simile, C Hardy, AM TI Utilization of complementary and alternative medicine by United States adults - Results from the 1999 National Health Interview Survey SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE complementary and alternative medicines; utilization ID THERAPIES AB OBJECTIVE. To measure utilization of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by US adults. METHODS. We analyzed data from the 1999 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), which covers the noninstitutionalized civilian US population. Information on 12 types of CAM use in the past 12 months was obtained from 30,801 respondents aged IS years and older. Statistical analyses were performed using the SUDAAN software package to account for the complex sample design of the NHIS. RESULTS. An estimated 28.9% of US adults used at least one CAM therapy in the past year. The three most commonly used therapies were spiritual healing or prayer (13.7%), herbal medicine (9.6%), and chiropractic therapies (7.6%). The use of CAM was most prevalent among women, persons aged 35 to 54 years, and persons with an educational attainment of greater than or equal to 16 years. The overall CAM use was higher for white non-Hispanic persons (30.8%) than for Hispanic (19.9%) and black non-Hispanic persons (24.1%). Although the use was higher for persons who had health insurance than for those who did not, the difference was not statistically significant after adjusting for age, gender and educational attainment. Compared with nonusers, CAM users were more likely to use conventional medical services. CONCLUSIONS. Estimates of CAM use in this nationally representative sample were considerably lower than have been reported in previous surveys. Most CAM therapies are used by US adults in conjunction with conventional medical services. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Interview Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NIH, Ctr Sci Review, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ni, HY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Interview Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 17 TC 249 Z9 253 U1 5 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD APR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 4 BP 353 EP 358 DI 10.1097/00005650-200204000-00011 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 536PX UT WOS:000174712000011 PM 12021691 ER PT J AU Kessler, AT Kourtis, AP Simon, N AF Kessler, AT Kourtis, AP Simon, N TI Peripheral thromboembolism associated with Malassezia furfur sepsis SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Malassezia furfur; sepsis; neonate; thromboembolism ID BLOOD CULTURE; FUNGEMIA; CATHETER; INFECTIONS; INFANT AB Malassezia furfur fungemia can cause sepsis in low birth weight neonates receiving parenteral lipids through central intravenous catheters. Its presentation has varied from nonspecific signs and symptoms to pulmonary vasculitis and endocarditis. We report the case of a premature infant who developed peripheral thromboembolic phenomena without evidence of endocarditis associated with M. furfur fungemia, an association not previously described. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Immunol, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kourtis, AP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHFB, DRH, NCCDPHP, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD APR PY 2002 VL 21 IS 4 BP 356 EP 357 DI 10.1097/00006454-200204000-00022 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 544GU UT WOS:000175150500021 PM 12075774 ER PT J AU Fiore, AE AF Fiore, AE TI Chronic maternal hepatitis B infection and premature rupture of membranes SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Letter DE chronic hepatitis B virus infection; hepatitis B virus; perinatal hepatitis B immunoprophylaxis; premature rupture of membranes ID VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; MOTHER C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fiore, AE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD APR PY 2002 VL 21 IS 4 BP 357 EP 358 DI 10.1097/00006454-200204000-00024 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 544GU UT WOS:000175150500022 PM 12075775 ER PT J AU Jones, JF Nisenbaum, R Solomon, L Reeves, WC AF Jones, JF Nisenbaum, R Solomon, L Reeves, WC TI Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in adolescents: A population-based study SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 19 BP 4A EP 4A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600020 ER PT J AU Akinbami, LJ Cheng, TL AF Akinbami, LJ Cheng, TL TI Spring fever? Seasonal variation in conception of live births to adolescents SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infant & Child Hlth Studies Branch, Hyattsville, MD USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Gen Pediat & Adolescent Med, Washington, DC 20010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 48 BP 9A EP 9A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600049 ER PT J AU Mallory, MA Shay, DK Garrett, JM Bordley, WC AF Mallory, MA Shay, DK Garrett, JM Bordley, WC TI Bronchiolitis management preferences and the influence of pulse oximetry and respiratory rate on the decision to admit SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ N Carolina, Clin Scholars Program, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 582 BP 100A EP 100A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600583 ER PT J AU Roberts, JR Husley, TC Curtis, GB Reigart, JR AF Roberts, JR Husley, TC Curtis, GB Reigart, JR TI Using a geographic information system to define point source lead contamination SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 774 BP 133A EP 133A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600775 ER PT J AU Shay, DK Thompson, WW Anderson, LJ Fukuda, K AF Shay, DK Thompson, WW Anderson, LJ Fukuda, K TI Deaths attributable to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus among US children, 1990-1998 SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 773 BP 133A EP 133A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600774 ER PT J AU Smith, PJ Schwart, B Mokdad, A Bloch, A Murphy, TV AF Smith, PJ Schwart, B Mokdad, A Bloch, A Murphy, TV TI Uptake of the rotavirus vaccine 1998-1999: Estimates from the national immunization survey SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 784 BP 135A EP 135A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600785 ER PT J AU Davis, RL Kohl, K Hur, YJ Rhodes, P AF Davis, RL Kohl, K Hur, YJ Rhodes, P TI Risk of seizures following acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine: Results from the Vaccine Safety Datalink project SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 897 BP 154A EP 154A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600898 ER PT J AU Szilagyi, P Schaffer, S Shone, L Barth, R Lenane, A Sandler, M Humiston, S Rodewald, L AF Szilagyi, P Schaffer, S Shone, L Barth, R Lenane, A Sandler, M Humiston, S Rodewald, L TI Reducing disparities in immunization rates by targeting urban primary care practices SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 898 BP 154A EP 155A PN 2 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600899 ER PT J AU Santoli, JM Mokdad, A Barker, L Rodewald, LE Olson, L Halfon, N AF Santoli, JM Mokdad, A Barker, L Rodewald, LE Olson, L Halfon, N TI Insurance status and vaccination coverage among US preschool children SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Amer Acad Pediat, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 901 BP 155A EP 155A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600902 ER PT J AU Stokley, S Maurice, E Smith, PJ Klevens, RM AF Stokley, S Maurice, E Smith, PJ Klevens, RM TI Evaluation of invalid vaccine doses SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, NIP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 904 BP 155A EP 156A PN 2 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600905 ER PT J AU Freed, GL Clark, SJ Davis, MM Cowan, AE Vargas-Rosales, A AF Freed, GL Clark, SJ Davis, MM Cowan, AE Vargas-Rosales, A TI Brother, can you spare some prevnar? Understanding the PCV-7 shortage in the public and private markets SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Michigan, Div Gen Pediat, CHEAR Unit, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 905 BP 156A EP 156A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600906 ER PT J AU Humiston, SG Iwane, M Schaffer, SJ Szilagyi, PG Shone, LP Barth, R McInerny, T Ambrose, SJ Forbis, J Santoli, J Schwartz, B AF Humiston, SG Iwane, M Schaffer, SJ Szilagyi, PG Shone, LP Barth, R McInerny, T Ambrose, SJ Forbis, J Santoli, J Schwartz, B TI Physician perceptions on the feasibility of universal influenza vaccination for young children SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 907 BP 156A EP 156A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600908 ER PT J AU McMahon, SR Iwamoto, M Massoudi, MS Yusuf, HR Stevenson, JM LeBaron, CW David, F Chu, SY Pickering, LK AF McMahon, SR Iwamoto, M Massoudi, MS Yusuf, HR Stevenson, JM LeBaron, CW David, F Chu, SY Pickering, LK TI E-mail surveys - Are we ready? SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 944 BP 162A EP 162A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600944 ER PT J AU Iwamoto, M McMahon, SR Massoudi, MS Yusuf, HR Stevenson, JM Chu, SY LeBaron, CW Pickering, LK AF Iwamoto, M McMahon, SR Massoudi, MS Yusuf, HR Stevenson, JM Chu, SY LeBaron, CW Pickering, LK TI A survey of pediatricians on the reintroduction of a rotavirus vaccine SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 955 BP 164A EP 164A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600955 ER PT J AU Washington, ML Kontuly, T Xu, W Perfili, C Cosgrove, WE Brogli, J AF Washington, ML Kontuly, T Xu, W Perfili, C Cosgrove, WE Brogli, J TI The impact of an immunization registry on immunization services and patient flow in a private pediatric clinic SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Utah Dept Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. Cottonwood Clin, Murray, UT USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 951 BP 164A EP 164A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600951 ER PT J AU Davis, MM Ndiaye, SM Freed, GL Clark, SJ AF Davis, MM Ndiaye, SM Freed, GL Clark, SJ TI Physician factors associated with recommending pneumococcal conjugate vaccine SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Michigan, Div Gen Pediat, Child Hlth Evaluat & Res Unit, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 959 BP 165A EP 165A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600959 ER PT J AU Davis, MM Ndiaye, SM Freed, GL Clark, SJ AF Davis, MM Ndiaye, SM Freed, GL Clark, SJ TI Effect of children's insurance coverage on pneumococcal conjugate vaccination SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Michigan, Div Gen Pediat, Child Hlth Evaluat & Res Unit, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 960 BP 165A EP 165A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600960 ER PT J AU Shefer, AM Smith, P AF Shefer, AM Smith, P TI Targeting immunization activities in the Woman, Infants, and Children (WIC) program: Who are the at-risk children in WIC? SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 961 BP 165A EP 165A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600961 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, J McCauley, M Morita, J Brink, E Diaz, P Rodewald, L AF Rosenthal, J McCauley, M Morita, J Brink, E Diaz, P Rodewald, L TI Varicella vaccine under-used among African-American children in Chicago SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, NIP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Chicago Hlth Dept, Chicago, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 966 BP 166A EP 166A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600966 ER PT J AU Schempf, AH Politzer, RM Stokley, S AF Schempf, AH Politzer, RM Stokley, S TI Immunization coverage of vulnerable children: A comparison of health center and national rates SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Bur Primary Hlth Care, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 963 BP 166A EP 166A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600963 ER PT J AU Angelilli, ML Suterwala, MS Thomas, RL Selewski, N Prevots, R AF Angelilli, ML Suterwala, MS Thomas, RL Selewski, N Prevots, R TI Poliovirus antibody serosurveillance SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Res Ctr Michigan, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 976 BP 168A EP 168A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600976 ER PT J AU Phelan, KJ Khoury, JC Grossman, DC Hu, D Wallace, IJD Bill, N Kalkwarf, H AF Phelan, KJ Khoury, JC Grossman, DC Hu, D Wallace, IJD Bill, N Kalkwarf, H TI Pediatric motor vehicle-related injuries in the Navajo Nation: The impact of the 1988 child occupant restraint laws SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Navajo Area Indian Hlth Serv, Tuba City Indian Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Tuba City, AZ USA. Navajo Area Indian Hlth Serv, Off Environm Hlth, Tuba City, AZ USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Khoury, Jane/O-2068-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 1069 BP 184A EP 184A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714601068 ER PT J AU Shulman, ST Tanz, RR Kabat, W Kabat, K Beall, B AF Shulman, ST Tanz, RR Kabat, W Kabat, K Beall, B CA USSPSG TI Prospective US nationwide pediatric streptococcal pharyngitis serotype surveillance SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Childrens Mem Hosp, Special ID Lab, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Northwestern Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 1615 BP 277A EP 277A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714601614 ER PT J AU Staat, M Roberts, N Bernstein, D Thieman, C VonDerHaar, L Connell, J Cortese, M Cadwell, B Vitek, C Bresee, J AF Staat, M Roberts, N Bernstein, D Thieman, C VonDerHaar, L Connell, J Cortese, M Cadwell, B Vitek, C Bresee, J TI Effectiveness of Rotashield (R) in preventing severe rotavirus (RV) disease requiring hospitalization SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 1618 BP 278A EP 278A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714601617 ER PT J AU Pinchoff, RJ Kaufman, SS Magid, MS Erdman, D Fishbein, TM Herold, BC AF Pinchoff, RJ Kaufman, SS Magid, MS Erdman, D Fishbein, TM Herold, BC TI Adenovirus: Common pathogen in pediatric small bowel transplantation recipients SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 1626 BP 279A EP 279A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714601625 ER PT J AU Klein, EJ Boster, DR Stapp, JR Wells, JG Swerdlow, DL Tarr, PI AF Klein, EJ Boster, DR Stapp, JR Wells, JG Swerdlow, DL Tarr, PI TI Diarrhea etiology in a children's hospital emergency department - A prospective cohort study SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CHRMC, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 1635 BP 281A EP 281A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714601634 ER PT J AU Kohl, KS Bonhoeffer, I Chen, RT Duclos, P Heijbel, H Heininger, U Jefferson, T Loupi, E AF Kohl, KS Bonhoeffer, I Chen, RT Duclos, P Heijbel, H Heininger, U Jefferson, T Loupi, E TI The Brighton Collaboration: An international collaborative effort to enhance comparability of vaccine safety data SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, NIP, VSDA, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat Infect Dis & Vaccines, Basel, Switzerland. WHO, Vaccine Assessment & Monitoring, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Lund, Sweden. Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Aventis Pasteur SA, Pharmacovigilance, Lyon 7, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 1655 BP 284A EP 284A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714601654 ER PT J AU Singh, N Leger, MM Spiegel, H Bonwit, A Jantausch, B Jarvis, W AF Singh, N Leger, MM Spiegel, H Bonwit, A Jantausch, B Jarvis, W TI Anthrax: Concern for exposure, view from the frontline SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 George Washington Univ, Childrens Hosp, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 1661 BP 285A EP 285A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714601660 ER PT J AU Allen, AC O'Connell, CM Joseph, KS Dodds, L Luther, ER McCarthy, BJ AF Allen, AC O'Connell, CM Joseph, KS Dodds, L Luther, ER McCarthy, BJ TI Fetal and infant health surveillance based on excess feto-infant mortality SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Dalhousie Univ, Perinatal Epidemiol Res Unit, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. Reprod Care Program, Halifax, NS, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 1870 BP 321A EP 321A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714601869 ER PT J AU Robinson, LG Hilinski, J Graham, F Hymes, L Beck-Sague, CM Hsia, J Nesheim, SR AF Robinson, LG Hilinski, J Graham, F Hymes, L Beck-Sague, CM Hsia, J Nesheim, SR TI Predictors of cytomegalovirus disease among pediatric transplant recipients within one year of renal transplantation SO PEDIATRIC TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Interscience Conference for Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) CY SEP 21, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA DE cytomegalovirus; renal transplantation; opportunistic infections; seasonality ID MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL; GANCICLOVIR THERAPY; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6; SOLID-ORGAN; INFECTION; PROPHYLAXIS; VIRUS; IMMUNOMODULATION; REJECTION; HHV-6 AB Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most important opportunistic infection in renal transplant recipients and is associated with an increased risk of rejection. Infection can be acquired post-operatively (from the transplanted organ) or from re-activation of latent disease. To identify risk factors for CMV disease in a pediatric population within 1 yr of renal transplant, and to generate hypotheses for the pathogenesis of CMV disease in this population, a review of all recipients from 1992 to 1998 in a children's hospital in Atlanta, Georgia, was undertaken. Medical records of 73 transplants performed on 72 patients were reviewed: nine (12.7%) of 72 individuals, after 73 procedures developed CMV disease. Median time to onset of CMV disease was 52 days post-transplant (range=19-90 days). Receipt of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), demographic factors, and use of cadaveric kidneys were not associated with a significantly elevated risk of CMV disease. Positive donor CMV serostatus was associated with CMV disease (univariate relative risk [RR]=8.52, Fisher's Exact Test[FET] p=0.01). Patients with transplants In October or November had a higher risk of developing CMV disease (four of 13; 30.8%) than patients transplanted in other months (five of 60, 8.3%); RR=3.69; p=0.047, FET). Most transplants of patients who did not develop CMV disease were performed in January through August (48/64; 75.0%); only 25.0% were performed in September through December. In contrast, six of nine (66.7%) transplants in patients who subsequently developed CMV disease were performed in September through December (p=0.018, FET). Donor CMV-positive serostatus and transplant in October and November continued to be independently associated with an increased risk of CMV disease when controlled for other factors. The association of transplantation in October and November with CMV disease in November-January may be related to an increased risk of seasonal community CMV exposure and primary CMV infection during the peak season for CMV circulation, with subsequent immune suppression promoting progression to disease. Alternatively, co-infection with seasonal pathogens after exposure from an infected donor during the period of immune suppression may promote progression from CMV infection to CMV disease. Further studies should be undertaken to explore these and other hypotheses, which may have implications for determination of a need for anti-viral prophylaxis. C1 CDCP, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Off Minor & Womens Hlth, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Beck-Sague, CM (reprint author), CDCP, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, MS K-20,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1397-3142 J9 PEDIATR TRANSPLANT JI Pediatr. Transplant. PD APR PY 2002 VL 6 IS 2 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3046.2002.01049.x PG 8 WC Pediatrics; Transplantation SC Pediatrics; Transplantation GA 552MF UT WOS:000175623600005 PM 12000465 ER PT J AU Harris, NS Thompson, SJ Ball, R Hussey, J Sy, F AF Harris, NS Thompson, SJ Ball, R Hussey, J Sy, F TI Zidovudine and perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission: A population-based approach SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE HIV infection; disease transmission; prevention and control; zidovudine; female; infant; newborn; population surveillance ID HIV-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; WOMEN; PREGNANCY; REDUCTION; INFANTS AB Objective. This study examined the impact of the full 3-arm zidovudine regimen on the perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) using population-based data. Methods. We retrospectively ascertained information on zidovudine prescription and other characteristics of HIV-infected pregnant women and children for birth cohort years 1993, 1995, 1996, and 1997 using HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome registry data from a state health department supplemented by medical record reviews. Results. The transmission rate decreased from 12.5% in 1993 to 4.6% in 1997. The proportions of HIV-1-infected mothers and children who were prescribed all 3 arms of zidovudine increased from 68% in 1995 to 93% in 1997. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for the relationship between the prescription of 3 arms of zidovudine and the infants' HIV status were 0.19 (95% confidence interval: 0.05-0.84) and 0.15 (95% confidence interval: 0.02-0.96), respectively. Conclusion. Perinatal HIV-1 transmission rates have decreased over time. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the rapid implementation of the United States Public Health Service recommendations for the comprehensive use of zidovudine among HIV-1-infected pregnant women in a predominantly rural state. C1 Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Div Epidemiol, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. RP Harris, NS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 2002 VL 109 IS 4 AR e60 DI 10.1542/peds.109.4.e60 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536MK UT WOS:000174704000009 PM 11927733 ER PT J AU Aral, SO Blanchard, JF AF Aral, SO Blanchard, JF TI Phase specific approaches to the epidemiology and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDC, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Manitoba, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Univ Manitoba, Dept Med Microbiol, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), CDC, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD APR PY 2002 VL 78 SU 1 BP I1 EP I2 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 556YU UT WOS:000175878000001 PM 12083427 ER PT J AU Aral, SO AF Aral, SO TI Determinants of STD epidemics: implications for phase appropriate intervention strategies SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; SOCIAL-CONTEXT; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; NETWORK; PREVALENCE; PATTERNS; SPREAD; HIV; PERSISTENCE AB Determinants of evolving epidemics of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are equally influenced by the evolution of the STD epidemics themselves and by the evolution of human societies. A temporal approach to STD transmission dynamics suggests the need to monitor infectivity, rate of exposure between infected and susceptible individuals, and duration of infectiousness in societies. Different indicators may be used to monitor rate of exposure in the general population and in core groups. In addition, underlying determinants of STD epidemics such as poverty, inequality, racial/ethnic discrimination, unemployment, sex ratio, volume of migration, and health care coverage and quality are important variables to monitor through a surveillance system focused on social context. Ongoing large scale societal changes including urbanisation, globalisation, increasing inequality, and increasing volume of migrant populations may affect the evolution of STD epidemics. Globalised STD epidemics could pose a major challenge to local public health systems. C1 CDC, NCHSTP, Informat Technol Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), CDC, NCHSTP, Informat Technol Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,M-S E06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 79 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD APR PY 2002 VL 78 SU 1 BP I3 EP I13 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 556YU UT WOS:000175878000002 PM 12083444 ER PT J AU Boily, MC Lowndes, C Alary, M AF Boily, MC Lowndes, C Alary, M TI The impact of HIV epidemic phases on the effectiveness of core group interventions: insights from mathematical models SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; FEMALE SEX WORKERS; MALE CIRCUMCISION; RURAL UGANDA; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; RISK; PREVENTION AB Mathematical models have highlighted the disproportionate contribution of core group transmitters to the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. Because the effectiveness of interventions varies with time, it has been suggested that epidemic phases should be considered in the design of prevention strategies. This study aimed to examine the impact of HIV epidemic phases on the effectiveness of HIV interventions based on gonorrhoea screening and condom use, targeted to core groups. The results are based on a mathematical model of gonorrhoea and HIV transmission in a relatively slow spreading HIV epidemic using Cotonou (Benin) as an example. For epidemics with a low reproductive potential modest core group interventions can significantly reduce HIV incidence and prevalence. As the epidemic matures, effective interventions should also incorporate core and non-core populations. For epidemics with a high reproductive potential, core group interventions are necessary but not sufficient to have a rapid and large scale impact. A more general population approach is also needed early in the epidemic. Epidemic phases are also important in the evaluation of prevention strategies. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Stat & Data Management Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Laval, Hop St Sacrement CHA, Grp Rech Epidemiol, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. RP Boily, MC (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Stat & Data Management Branch, Mailstop E63,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 55 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 4 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD APR PY 2002 VL 78 SU 1 BP I78 EP I90 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 556YU UT WOS:000175878000011 PM 12083451 ER PT J AU Reichler, MR Reves, R Bur, S Ford, J Thompson, V Mangura, B Onorato, IM Valway, SE AF Reichler, MR Reves, R Bur, S Ford, J Thompson, V Mangura, B Onorato, IM Valway, SE CA Contact Investigation Study Grp TI Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in contacts of new tuberculosis cases in the United States SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; DRUG-USERS; TRIAL; RISK AB Background. Few data are available describing treatment completion rates among recently infected contacts of tuberculosis (TB) cases, a group at high risk for development of active TB. Methods. Health department records were reviewed for all contacts of 360 culture-positive pulmonary, TB cases reported from five health departments in the United States its 1996. Results. Of 2,267 contacts who completed screening, 630 (28%) had newly documented positive skin tests (121 with skin test conversion). Treatment of latent TB infection was documented to have been recommended for 447 (71%). Among these, treatment was documented to be initiated for 398 (89%). Of these, 203 (51%) were documented to have completed a 6-month coarse of treatment, and 78 (20%) received directly observed treatment. Treatment was recommended more often for contacts < 15 years of age, skin test converters, close contacts, and contacts of smear-positive cases. Treatment completion rates were higher for skin test converters. Conclusions. In this study, fewer than one third of all persons with newly documented positive skin tests detected during contact investigations were proven to have completed treatment. Achieving high rates of completion of therapy for latent TB infection in recently infected contacts of active cases of pulmonary TB is essential to maximize public health prevention efforts aimed at eliminating TB. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DTBE, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Jamaica Plain, MA USA. Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Natl TB Ctr, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. RP Reichler, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DTBE, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD APR PY 2002 VL 95 IS 4 BP 414 EP 420 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 539WJ UT WOS:000174894400009 PM 11958239 ER PT J AU DiClemente, RJ Funkhouser, E Wingood, G Fawal, H Holmberg, SD Vermund, SH AF DiClemente, RJ Funkhouser, E Wingood, G Fawal, H Holmberg, SD Vermund, SH TI Protease inhibitor combination therapy and decreased condom use among gay men SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV TRANSMISSION; VIRAL LOAD; SEMEN; SAFER; AIDS; RISK; RESISTANT AB Background. The objective of the study was to determine whether treatment with protease inhibitors is associated with unprotected sexual behavior. Methods. A total of 592 HIV-infected persons recruited from statewide public clinics in nonurban Alabama communities completed an assessment that, among other variables, elicited information on demographics, current sexual practices, health status, and medication use. Associations of treatment with protease inhibitors and high-risk sexual behavior were estimated, adjusting for potential confounders. Results. Treatment with protease inhibitors was not associated with whether a pea-son teas sexually active or with high-risk practices among sexually active heterosexual men and women. Among men who had sex with men, however, treatment with protease inhibitors was associated with never using condoms and with inconsistent use of condoms. Conclusions. Clinicians treating patients with protease inhibitors should consider providing risk-reduction counseling. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Atlanta Ctr AIDS Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. RP DiClemente, RJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, 1518 Clifton Rd NE,Suite 520, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. OI Vermund, Sten/0000-0001-7289-8698 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU413433] NR 22 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD APR PY 2002 VL 95 IS 4 BP 421 EP 425 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 539WJ UT WOS:000174894400010 PM 11958240 ER PT J AU Shepard, TH Brent, RL Friedman, JM Jones, KL Miller, RK Moore, CA Polifka, JE AF Shepard, TH Brent, RL Friedman, JM Jones, KL Miller, RK Moore, CA Polifka, JE TI Update on new developments in the study of human teratogens SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL CIGARETTE-SMOKING; EXPOSED IN-UTERO; ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS; EPILEPTIC MOTHERS; ORAL CLEFTS; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; OROFACIAL CLEFTS; VALPROIC ACID; CARBAMAZEPINE MONOTHERAPY; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION AB Background and Methods: The purpose of this annual article is to highlight and briefly review new and significant information on agents that may be teratogenic in pregnant women. Various sources of on-line and printed information are given. Results: The following topics have been discussed: 1) lithium medication: decreased estimate of risk; 2) cigarette smoking and genotype as contributors to oral-facial clefts and clubfoot; 3) trimethoprim; 4) methimazole syndrome?; 5) glucocorticoids and oral-facial clefts; 6) binge drinking; 7) fetal valproate syndrome; and 8) carbamazepine. Conclusions: We have highlighted several maternal exposures during pregnancy that are associated with small but increased rates of birth defects, generally only a few cases per 1,000 infants. These exposures include cigarette smoking, and treatment with lithium, trimethoprim, methimazole, or corticosteroids. This weak teratogenic effect was usually identified by the linkage of an uncommon treatment with an unusual birth defect outcome. The use of modern epidemiologic techniques, especially prospective multicenter studies that provide increased numbers, has helped to strengthen the evidence for these associations. We discuss how teratogenic risks that are small in comparison to the background risk can be presented to at-risk women and their doctors. We have briefly listed some elements that might be used in prioritizing further studies of suspected teratogenic exposures. Various existing methods for expressing the strength of evidence for human teratogenicity are also given. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Sch Med & Dent, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada. DuPont Hosp Children, Wilmington, DE 19899 USA. RP Shepard, TH (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 100 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD APR PY 2002 VL 65 IS 4 BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.1002/tera.10032 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 532WF UT WOS:000174497500003 PM 11948561 ER PT J AU Schreiber, GB Glynn, SA Satten, GA Kong, FH Wright, D Busch, MP Tu, YL Kleinman, SH AF Schreiber, GB Glynn, SA Satten, GA Kong, FH Wright, D Busch, MP Tu, YL Kleinman, SH CA Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Stud TI HIV seroconverting donors delay their return: screening test implications SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEPATITIS-B; BLOOD-DONORS; INFECTION; TRANSFUSION; PATHOGENESIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; DISEASES; RISK AB BACKGROUND: The yield of HIV p24 antigen testing implemented in March 1996 has been lower than projected. One possible explanation is that HIV seroconverting donors delay their return because of the recent practice of risk behaviors and/or signs and symptoms associated with primary infection. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: From a database of 6.8-million allogeneic donations collected at five U.S. blood centers from 1991 to 1997, 49 HIV, 21 HCV, 32 HTLV, and 44 HBsAg seroconverters with at least three donations were identified. A statistical method was developed to investigate whether the time between a donor's last negative donation and their positive donation was significantly longer than expected based on their previous return history. RESULTS: HIV seroconverters returned on average 42 percent later than expected (p < 0.01). Although not significant, HCV seroconverters donated on average 43 percent earlier than expected. HTLV and HBsAg seroconverters did not appear to change their donation pattern around the time of seroconversion. Sixty-three percent of the HIV seroconverters later acknowledged practicing a high-risk behavior. CONCLUSIONS: HIV seroconverters delay their return around the time of seroconversion and are thus less likely to be recently infected. Unique among HIV seroconverters, this observation provides a possible explanation for the lower than expected yield of HIV p24 antigen testing and suggests that NAT may have a similar low yield. C1 WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Blood Ctr Pacific, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Schreiber, GB (reprint author), WESTAT Corp, WB 272,1650 Res Blvd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HB-97077, N01-HB-97078, N01-HB-97079, N01-HB-97080, N01-HB-97081, N01-HB-97082] NR 25 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD APR PY 2002 VL 42 IS 4 BP 414 EP 421 DI 10.1046/j.1525-1438.2002.00084.x PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 550MM UT WOS:000175506900007 PM 12076287 ER PT J AU Feldman, KA Dennis, DT Hayes, EB AF Feldman, KA Dennis, DT Hayes, EB TI An outbreak of primary pneumonic tularemia. Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Feldman, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 28 PY 2002 VL 346 IS 13 BP 1028 EP 1028 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 534UY UT WOS:000174608600025 ER PT J AU Hayes, E Marshall, S Dennis, D Feldman, K AF Hayes, E Marshall, S Dennis, D Feldman, K CA CDC TI Tularemia - United States, 1990-2000 - (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 181-184, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID BORNE C1 CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hayes, E (reprint author), CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 27 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 12 BP 1519 EP 1520 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 533VF UT WOS:000174550400010 ER PT J AU D'Avanzo, NJ Morris, VM Carter, TR Maillard, JM Scanlon, PM Stennies, GM Wilson, M MacDonald, PDM AF D'Avanzo, NJ Morris, VM Carter, TR Maillard, JM Scanlon, PM Stennies, GM Wilson, M MacDonald, PDM CA CDC TI Congenital malaria as a result of Plasmodium malariae - North Carolina, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 164-165, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Raleigh Infect Dis Associates, Raleigh, NC USA. Rex Hosp, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 27 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 12 BP 1520 EP 1521 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 533VF UT WOS:000174550400011 ER PT J AU Schieve, LA Jeng, G Wilcox, LS Reynolds, MA AF Schieve, LA Jeng, G Wilcox, LS Reynolds, MA CA CDC TI Use of assisted reproductive technology - United States, 1996 and 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 97-101, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schieve, LA (reprint author), CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 27 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 12 BP 1521 EP 1522 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 533VF UT WOS:000174550400012 ER PT J AU Cannon, MJ Pellett, PE AF Cannon, MJ Pellett, PE TI Relationship between Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and HIV SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cannon, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 27 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 12 BP 1526 EP 1526 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 533VF UT WOS:000174550400018 PM 11911749 ER PT J AU Yang, QH Rasmussen, SA Friedman, JM AF Yang, QH Rasmussen, SA Friedman, JM TI Mortality associated with Down's syndrome in the USA from 1983 to 1997: a population-based study SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID DEATH; SURVIVAL; INDIVIDUALS; LEUKEMIA AB Background Down's syndrome is the most frequently identified cause of mental retardation, but information about mortality and comorbidity in people with Down's syndrome is limited. Methods We used data from US death certificates from 1983 to 1997 to calculate median age at death and standardised mortality odds ratios (SMORs) for common medical disorders in people with Down's syndrome. Findings Of 17 897 people reported to have Down's syndrome, median age at death increased from 25 years in 1983 to 49 years in 1997, an average increase of 1.7 years per year studied (p < 0.0001). Median age at death was significantly lower in black people and people of other races than in white people with Down's syndrome. As expected, death certificates with a diagnosis of Down's syndrome were more likely to list congenital heart defects (SMOR 29.1, 95% CI 27.8-30.4), dementia (21.2, 19.6-22.7), hypothyroidism (20.3, 18.5-22.3), or leukaemia (1.6, 1.4-1.8) than were those that did not report Down's syndrome. By contrast, malignant neoplasms other than leukaemia were listed on death certificates of people with Down's syndrome less than one-tenth as often as expected (0.07, 0.06-0.08). A strikingly low SMOR for malignancy was associated with Down's syndrome at all ages, in both sexes, and for all common tumour types except leukaemia and testicular cancer. Interpretation Identification of factors responsible for the racial differences recorded could facilitate further improvement in survival of people with Down's syndrome. Reduced exposure to environmental factors that contribute to cancer risk, tumour-suppressor genes on chromosome 21, or a slower rate of replication or higher likelihood of apoptosis in Down's syndrome cells, could be possible reasons for paucity of cancer in people with Down's syndrome. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Yang, QH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 34 TC 372 Z9 381 U1 0 U2 20 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 23 PY 2002 VL 359 IS 9311 BP 1019 EP 1025 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08092-3 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 534KP UT WOS:000174585800008 PM 11937181 ER PT J AU Zhang, MD Schmid, S Carrington, M O'Brien, TR AF Zhang, MD Schmid, S Carrington, M O'Brien, TR TI Antibodies to varicella-zoster virus in blood donors with genetic variance in CC chemokine receptor 5 SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HIV-1 INFECTION; ALLELE; AIDS AB Carriers of a 32 bp deletion (Delta32) allele of the CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) gene are reported to be more likely to lack antibodies to varicella-zoster virus than CCR5 wild-type individuals. To find out whether CCR5-Delta32 Is associated with the seroprevalence of varicella-zoster virus Infection, we tested blood donors with different CCR5-Delta32 genotypes for varicella-zoster virus IgG. Antibody to varicella-zoster virus was present In 209 (99.5%) of 210 CCR5-Delta32 carriers and exactly the same proportion of CCR5 wild-type Individuals (209 of 210). We have therefore found no evidence that the CCR5-Delta32 allele is associated with decreased seroprevalence of varicella-zoster virus Infection. C1 NCI, Viral Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NCI, Intramural Res Support Program, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP O'Brien, TR (reprint author), NCI, Viral Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 6120 Execut Blvd,MSC 7248, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-56000] NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 23 PY 2002 VL 359 IS 9311 BP 1034 EP 1036 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08066-2 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 534KP UT WOS:000174585800013 PM 11937186 ER PT J AU Castranova, V Millecchia, I Porter, DW Robinson, VA Willard, P Hubbs, AF Ramsey, D McLaurin, J Khan, A Teass, A AF Castranova, V Millecchia, I Porter, DW Robinson, VA Willard, P Hubbs, AF Ramsey, D McLaurin, J Khan, A Teass, A TI Enhanced nitric oxide production associated with silica-induced disease in rats. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, PPRB, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, DART, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A962 EP A962 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901318 ER PT J AU Kirsch, LE Jones, L Hudson, SJ Tripp, RA AF Kirsch, LE Jones, L Hudson, SJ Tripp, RA TI The CX3C region of the respiratory syncytial virus G glycoprotein is critical in mediating leukocyte chemotaxis SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Furman Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1076 EP A1076 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901934 ER PT J AU Radimer, KL McDowell, M Johnson, CL Ervin, RB AF Radimer, KL McDowell, M Johnson, CL Ervin, RB TI Dietary supplement data collection in the national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 1999-2001. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, CDC, Hyattsville, MD 20872 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A749 EP A750 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593900133 ER PT J AU Wright, JD Wang, CY Johnson, CL Kennedy-Stephenson, J ERvin, RB Curtin, LR AF Wright, JD Wang, CY Johnson, CL Kennedy-Stephenson, J ERvin, RB Curtin, LR TI Dietary assessment in the national health and nutritional examination survey (NHANES) 1999-2000: Estimation of energy intake SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, CDC, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A749 EP A749 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593900132 ER PT J AU Arifeen, SE Bresee, JS Black, RE Azim, T Yunus, M Baqui, AH Wahed, MA Glass, RI AF Arifeen, SE Bresee, JS Black, RE Azim, T Yunus, M Baqui, AH Wahed, MA Glass, RI TI Zinc supplementation enhances the immune response to the rotavirus vaccine SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ICDDRB, Publ Hlth Sci Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. ICDDRB, Div Sci Lab, Dhaka, Bangladesh. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A226 EP A226 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601252 ER PT J AU Borrud, LG Wang, CY AF Borrud, LG Wang, CY TI Nutrition research opportunities in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, CDC, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A656 EP A656 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603645 ER PT J AU DiGirolamo, A Thompson, N Martorell, R Fein, S Grummer-Strawn, L AF DiGirolamo, A Thompson, N Martorell, R Fein, S Grummer-Strawn, L TI Intention or experience? Predictors of continued breastfeeding SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Martorell, Reynaldo /I-2539-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A607 EP A607 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603375 ER PT J AU Gahr, SA Kocamis, H Batelli, L Hubbs, AF Killefer, J AF Gahr, SA Kocamis, H Batelli, L Hubbs, AF Killefer, J TI IGF-I, IGF-II and IGF receptor-1 transcript and IGF-II protein expression in myostatin knockout mice tissues SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A394 EP A394 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533602185 ER PT J AU Garnett, CT Erdman, D Hull, J Gooding, LR AF Garnett, CT Erdman, D Hull, J Gooding, LR TI Human adenovirus and T lymphocytes SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Virus Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A306 EP A306 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601694 ER PT J AU Hertrampf, E Cortes, F Erickson, D Freire, W AF Hertrampf, E Cortes, F Erickson, D Freire, W TI Effect of folic acid fortification of wheat flour on folate status of women of fertile age in Chile SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Chile, INTA, Santiago, Chile. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A269 EP A269 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601488 ER PT J AU Johnson, CL Wright, JD Wang, CY Kennedy-Stephenson, J AF Johnson, CL Wright, JD Wang, CY Kennedy-Stephenson, J TI Dietary assessment in the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000: Can we compare results over time? SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, CDC, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A226 EP A227 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601255 ER PT J AU Lu, XH Katz, JM AF Lu, XH Katz, JM TI Effect of pre-existing anti-LT (heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli) immunity on the efficacy of oral influenza vaccine SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A680 EP A680 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603775 ER PT J AU Nelson, BC Pfeiffer, CM Nelson, CP AF Nelson, BC Pfeiffer, CM Nelson, CP TI Determination of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid in plasma by solid phase affinity extraction and liquid chromatography/electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A541 EP A541 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603006 ER PT J AU Radimer, KL Arab, L AF Radimer, KL Arab, L TI Dietary supplement use and other health behaviors of cancer survivors (NHANES III, 1988-94). SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20872 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A657 EP A657 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603647 ER PT J AU Renshaw, MA Rockwell, J Katz, J Sambhara, S AF Renshaw, MA Rockwell, J Katz, J Sambhara, S TI Toll-like receptor expression and function in various cell types SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30043 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A321 EP A321 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601776 ER PT J AU Rockwell, JK Renshaw, M Katz, J Sambhara, S AF Rockwell, JK Renshaw, M Katz, J Sambhara, S TI APC/T cell contact kinetics and antigen threshold requirements for influenza nucleoprotein-specific CD8(+) T cell clonal expansion SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, CDC, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A718 EP A718 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603986 ER PT J AU Wang, CY Wright, JD Johnson, CL Kennedy-Stephenson, J McDowell, MA AF Wang, CY Wright, JD Johnson, CL Kennedy-Stephenson, J McDowell, MA TI Dietary assessment in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000: Design and methods SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, CDC, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A656 EP A656 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603643 ER PT J AU Cartter, M Mshar, P Messersmith, H Southwick, K Hedberg, K Chilcoat, Y Nunley, N Hersh, J Nalluswami, K Moll, M Waller, K Moodispaugh, R Swiger, R Rubin, C Tepper, A Lushniak, B Khetsuriani, N Kolbe, L Smith, N AF Cartter, M Mshar, P Messersmith, H Southwick, K Hedberg, K Chilcoat, Y Nunley, N Hersh, J Nalluswami, K Moll, M Waller, K Moodispaugh, R Swiger, R Rubin, C Tepper, A Lushniak, B Khetsuriani, N Kolbe, L Smith, N TI Rashes among schoolchildren - 14 states, October 4, 2001-February 27, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 161-164, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Indiana State Dept Hlth, Epidemiol Resource Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. Jackson Cty Publ Hlth Dept, Medford, OR USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, Harrisburg, PA USA. Harrison Clarksburg Hlth Dept, Clarksburg, WV USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cartter, M (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 11 BP 1389 EP 1391 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 532GB UT WOS:000174465000008 ER PT J AU Gargiullo, P Wingo, PA Coates, RJ Thompson, TD AF Gargiullo, P Wingo, PA Coates, RJ Thompson, TD TI Recent trends in mortality rates for four major cancers, by sex and race/ethnicity - United States, 1990-1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 49-53, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID SPECIAL SECTION; NATION C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gargiullo, P (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 11 BP 1391 EP 1392 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 532GB UT WOS:000174465000009 ER PT J AU Danovaro-Holliday, MC Wood, AL LeBaron, CW AF Danovaro-Holliday, MC Wood, AL LeBaron, CW TI Rotavirus vaccine and the news media, 1987-2001 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; YOUNG-CHILDREN; MEASLES MUMPS; SAFETY; TRIAL; EFFICACY; PRESS; INTUSSUSCEPTION; GASTROENTERITIS; IMMUNIZATION AB Context In August 1998, the US Food and Drug Administration licensed the first vaccine against rotavirus, the most important cause of severe childhood diarrhea. Fourteen months later, amid intense media activity, the vaccine was withdrawn after an association was found with intussusception. Objectives To examine the character of news media stories about rotavirus vaccine before and after intussusception became an issue, to evaluate what prompted the stories, and to assess the extent to which they evoked public reaction, Design and Setting We searched Lexis-Nexis and Video Monitoring Services of America databases for rotavirus vaccine stories from the first US clinical trials (January 1, 1987) until 17 months after withdrawal (March 31, 2001) and examined calls to the National Immunization Hotline during the period in which rotavirus vaccine information was captured (July 1-December 31, 1999). Main Outcome Measures Mention of vaccine benefits and adverse events, classification of stories as positive, negative, or neutral toward the vaccine, story stimuli, and public response. Results We included 280 newspaper (primary subject of analysis), 49 wire service, and 257 television stories. Prior to identification of the intussusception association (January 1, 1987-July 14,1999), 21% of 188 newspaper stories mentioned vaccine adverse events and only 2 stories were negative toward the vaccine. Ninety-nine percent of stories mentioned vaccine benefits. During the period surrounding withdrawal (July 15-December 31, 1999), 93% of 90 stories mentioned adverse events and 77% were negative toward the vaccine. Eighty-four percent mentioned vaccine benefits. The rate of stories per month was 14-fold greater than the preceding period (P < .001); temporal and geographic patterns of media and hotline activity were similar. Thereafter (January 1, 2000-March 31, 2001), only 2 stories focused on rotavirus vaccine. Scientific research or public health actions prompted 80% of stories. Wire service and television stories showed similar patterns. The increase in rotavirus stories in July 1999 was followed by an increase in calls to the National Immunization Hotline regarding rotavirus but not other topics. The number of rotavirus calls that month was 57% higher than for any other childhood vaccine for any month since the hotline began in 1997. Rotavirus calls ceased almost completely after withdrawal of the vaccine in October 1999. Conclusions In response to reports about an adverse event, news media stories about vaccines can change abruptly from positivity to negativity. Since most vaccine stories may be stimulated by research and public health actions, opportunities exist to provide the media with accurate information necessary to avoid the "early idealization-sudden condemnation" pattern seen with rotavirus vaccine. C1 CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Danovaro-Holliday, MC (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 70 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 11 BP 1455 EP 1462 DI 10.1001/jama.287.11.1455 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 532GB UT WOS:000174465000030 PM 11903035 ER PT J AU Mardis, AL AF Mardis, AL TI Current knowledge of the health effects of sugar intake SO ZUCKERINDUSTRIE LA English DT Article ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; DIABETES-MELLITUS; SUCROSE INTAKE; CONSUMPTION; WOMEN; DIETS; RISK; FAT; CARIES; ENERGY AB Twenty years ago, the common perception was that sugar intake was associated with several chronic diseases: Diabetes, coronary heart disease, obesity, and hyperactivity in children. Sugar was also thought to be the sole cause of dental caries. Recent advances in scientific knowledge, however, have shed some light oil the role of sugar in chronic diseases and dental caries. The evidence indicates that sugar is not in itself associated with the aforementioned chronic diseases and is not the sole offender in the development of dental caries. This research brief discusses current scientific knowledge of the health effects of sugar. C1 Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Mardis, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 13 PU VERLAG DR ALBERT BARTENS PI BERLIN 38 PA LUCKHOFFSTRASSE 16, D-14129 BERLIN 38, GERMANY SN 0344-8657 J9 ZUCKERINDUSTRIE JI Zuckerindustrie PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 127 IS 3 BP 198 EP 200 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 535PM UT WOS:000174652900014 ER PT J AU Smith, DL Lucey, B Waller, LA Childs, JE Real, LA AF Smith, DL Lucey, B Waller, LA Childs, JE Real, LA TI Predicting the spatial dynamics of rabies epidemics on heterogeneous landscapes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RACCOON RABIES; UNITED-STATES; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SPREAD; SURVEILLANCE; DIFFUSION; VACCINE; MODEL; FOXES AB Often as an epidemic spreads, the leading front is irregular, reflecting spatial variation in local transmission rates. We developed a methodology for quantifying spatial variation in rates of disease spread across heterogeneous landscapes. Based on data for epidemic raccoon rabies in Connecticut, we developed a stochastic spatial model of rabies spread through the state's 169 townships. We quantified spatial variation in transmission rates associated with human demography and key habitat features. We found that large rivers act as semipermeable barriers, leading to a 7-fold reduction in the local rates of propagation. By combining the spatial distribution of major rivers with long-distance dispersal we were able to account for the observed irregular pattern of disease spread across the state without recourse to direct assessment of host-pathogen populations. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, 115 Howard Hall,660 W Redwood St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RI Smith, David/L-8850-2013 OI Smith, David/0000-0003-4367-3849 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI47498-01, R01 AI047498] NR 31 TC 182 Z9 184 U1 2 U2 46 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 19 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 6 BP 3668 EP 3672 DI 10.1073/pnas.042400799 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 533CC UT WOS:000174511000057 PM 11904426 ER PT J AU Baruch, DI Gamain, B Barnwell, JW Sullivan, JS Stowers, A Galland, GG Miller, LH Collins, WE AF Baruch, DI Gamain, B Barnwell, JW Sullivan, JS Stowers, A Galland, GG Miller, LH Collins, WE TI Immunization of Aotus monkeys with a functional domain of the Plasmodium falciparum variant antigen induces protection against a lethal parasite line SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RED-CELL SURFACE; INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; EFFICACY TRIAL; MALARIA; VACCINE; CYTOADHERENCE; RECEPTOR; IMMUNITY; IDENTIFICATION; PHENOTYPES AB Immunity to Plasmodium falciparum in African children has been correlated with antibodies to the P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) variant gene family expressed on the surface of infected red cells. We immunized Aotus monkeys with a subregion of the Malayan Camp variant antigen (MCvar1) that mediates adhesion to the host receptor CD36 on the endothelial surface and present data that PfEMP1 is an important target for vaccine development. The immunization induced a high level of protection against the homologous strain. Protection correlated with the titer of agglutinating antibodies and occurred despite the expression of variant copies of the gene during recurrent waves of parasitemia. A second challenge with a different P. falciparum strain, to which there was no agglutinating activity, showed no protection but boosted the immune response to this region during the infection. The level of protection and the evidence of boosting during infection encourage further exploration of this concept for malaria vaccine development. C1 NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NIAID, Malaria Vaccine Dev Unit, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Resources Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Baruch, DI (reprint author), NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. OI Gamain, Benoit/0000-0002-8255-2145; Miller, Louis/0000-0003-3420-1284 NR 34 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 19 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 6 BP 3860 EP 3865 DI 10.1073/pnas.022018399 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 533CC UT WOS:000174511000090 PM 11904437 ER PT J AU Makela, MJ Kanehiro, A Dakhama, A Borish, L Joetham, A Tripp, R Anderson, L Gelfand, EW AF Makela, MJ Kanehiro, A Dakhama, A Borish, L Joetham, A Tripp, R Anderson, L Gelfand, EW TI The failure of interleukin-10-deficient mice to develop airway hyperresponsiveness is overcome by respiratory syncytial virus infection in allergen-sensitized/challenged mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE IL-10; respiratory syncytial virus; allergen sensitization; lung function; eosinophilia ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; MURINE MODEL; GUINEA-PIGS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; BALB/C MICE; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; SENSITIZED MICE; ASTHMA; IL-10; INFLAMMATION AB Interleukin-10-deficient mice develop a robust pulmonary inflammatory response but no airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to inhaled methacholine (MCh) following allergen sensitization and challenge. In the present study, we investigated the effect of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection on AHR and pulmonary inflammation in allergic IL-10-/- mice. Unlike littermate control mice, RSV-infected or ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized/challenged IL-10-/- mice failed to develop significant AHR. In contrast, sensitized/challenged IL-10-/- mice infected with RSV did develop AHR accompanied by increased eosinophil numbers, both in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and pulmonary tissue, and mucin production in airway epithelium. The cytokine profile in OVA-sensitized/challenged IL-10-/- mice was skewed toward a Th1 response but after RSV infection, this response was more of a Th2 type, with increased IL-5 levels in the BAL. Studies with an RSV mutant that lacks the G and SH genes showed equal enhancement of the AHR response as the parental wild-type strain, indicating that G protein is not essential to this response. These data suggest that RSV infection can overcome the failure of development of AHR in allergic IL-10-/- mice. C1 Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Cell Biol, Denver, CO USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Med, Charlottesville, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gelfand, EW (reprint author), 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206 USA. RI KANEHIRO, Arihiko/B-1926-2011; Tripp, Ralph/F-5218-2011; OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-36577, HL-61005] NR 59 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 165 IS 6 BP 824 EP 831 DI 10.1164/rccm.2105062 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 531JK UT WOS:000174412100018 PM 11897651 ER PT J AU Chamberland, ME AF Chamberland, ME TI Emerging infectious agents: Do they pose a risk to the safety of transfused blood and blood products? SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; HEPATITIS-G VIRUS; TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES; UNITED-STATES; TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; LIVER-DISEASE; NON-A; BABESIOSIS; DONORS AB The blood supply is safer than it has been at any other time in recent history, and, in the context of other health care-related adverse events, the risks associated with blood transfusion are extremely small. The current high level of safety is the result of successive refinements and improvements in how blood is collected, tested, processed, and transfused; nonetheless, blood and plasma products remain vulnerable to newly identified or reemerging infections. In recent years, numerous infectious agents-including several newly discovered hepatitis viruses, the agents of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, and tickborne pathogens-have been identified as potential threats to the safety of blood and plasma. Continued vigilance is critical to protect the blood supply from known pathogens and to monitor for the emergence of new infectious agents. Recent terrorist activities in the United States add new considerations to maintaining the safety and supply of blood. Education of clinicians and patients regarding the benefits and risks associated with the judicious use of blood and blood products can assist in informed decision making. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chamberland, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 71 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 6 BP 797 EP 805 DI 10.1086/338787 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 525BL UT WOS:000174047300010 PM 11850862 ER PT J AU Goldstein, ST Alter, MJ Williams, IT Moyer, LA Judson, FN Mottram, K Fleenor, M Ryder, PL Margolis, HS AF Goldstein, ST Alter, MJ Williams, IT Moyer, LA Judson, FN Mottram, K Fleenor, M Ryder, PL Margolis, HS TI Incidence and risk factors for acute hepatitis B in the United States, 1982-1998: Implications for vaccination programs SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY APR 09-13, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; YOUNG MENS SURVEY; SYRINGE EXCHANGE; BISEXUAL MEN; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; DRUG-USERS; C VIRUSES; NON-A; INFECTION AB From 1982-1998, enhanced sentinel surveillance for acute hepatitis B was conducted in 4 counties in the United States to determine trends in disease incidence and risk factors for infection. During this period, the reported incidence of acute hepatitis B declined by 76.1% from 13.8 cases per 100,000 in 1987 to 3.3 cases per 100,000 in 1998. Cases associated with injection drug use (IDU) decreased by 90.6%, men who have sex with men (MSM) by 63.5%, and heterosexual activity by 50.7%. During 1994-1998, the most commonly reported risk factor for infection was high-risk heterosexual activity (39.8%) followed by MSM activity (14.6%) and IDU (13.8%). Over half of all patients (55.5%) reported treatment for a sexually transmitted disease (STD) or incarceration in a prison or jail prior to their illness, suggesting that more than half of the acute hepatitis B cases might have been prevented through routine hepatitis B immunization in STD clinics and correctional health care programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Denver Dept Hlth & Hosp, Denver, CO USA. Tacoma Pierce Cty Dept Hlth, Tacoma, WA USA. Jefferson Cty Dept Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. Pinellas Cty Dept Hlth, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Goldstein, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS G-37,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 52 TC 172 Z9 178 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 6 BP 713 EP 719 DI 10.1086/339192 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 527WD UT WOS:000174210200001 PM 11920288 ER PT J AU Gust, DA Wang, SA Black, CM Brown, TM St Louis, ME King, KA Quinlisk, MP Levine, WC AF Gust, DA Wang, SA Black, CM Brown, TM St Louis, ME King, KA Quinlisk, MP Levine, WC TI A pseudo-outbreak of Chlamydia trachomatis in a state residential facility: Implications for diagnostic testing SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFECTIONS; SPECIMENS; PCR AB In December 1998, an outbreak of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections was reported among 18 residents of a state residential facility housing 392 mentally retarded clients. The initial patient tested positive by ligase chain reaction (LCR); 17 others tested positive by culture. Serologic test results for C. trachomatis antibodies in patients who had tested positive by culture were negative. Further testing showed that C. trachomatis DNA could not be detected in the LCR specimen or in any reportedly positive culture specimens. At the original culture laboratory, C. trachomatis culture was infrequently performed, and positive controls were not adequately prepared. This pseudo-outbreak highlights problems that may occur with C. trachomatis testing. As experience with C. trachomatis culture declines, laboratories performing this test should ensure quality and consider confirmatory testing. For C. trachomatis screening tests, the need for confirmatory testing depends on individual patient considerations (including medical-legal implications) and prevalence of infection in the tested population. C1 CDCP, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. Glenwood State Hosp Sch, Glenwood, IA USA. RP Wang, SA (reprint author), CDCP, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 6 BP 841 EP 844 DI 10.1086/339006 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 527WD UT WOS:000174210200017 PM 11920304 ER PT J AU Griffin, DD Nakagomi, T Hoshino, Y Nakagomi, O Kirkwood, CD Parashar, UD Glass, RI Gentsch, JR AF Griffin, DD Nakagomi, T Hoshino, Y Nakagomi, O Kirkwood, CD Parashar, UD Glass, RI Gentsch, JR CA Natl Rotavirus Strain Surveillance TI Characterization of nontypeable rotavirus strains from the United States: Identification of a new rotavirus reassortant (P2A[6],G12) and rare P3[9] strains related to bovine rotaviruses SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Review ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CELL-CULTURE PROPAGATION; SUBGROUP-I SPECIFICITY; LONG RNA PATTERN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; G-SEROTYPE; ANTIGENIC CHARACTERIZATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; NONSTRUCTURAL GLYCOPROTEIN AB Among 1316 rotavirus specimens collected during strain surveillance in the United States from 1996 to 1999, most strains (95%) belonged to the common types (G1 to G4 and G9), while 5% were mixed infections of common serotypes, rare strains, or not completely typeable. In this report, 2 rare (P[9],G3) and 2 partially typeable (P[6],G?; P[9],G?) strains from that study were further characterized, The P[6] strain was virtually indistinguishable by hybridization analysis in 10 of its 11 gene segments with recently isolated P2A[6],G9 strains (e.g., U.S.1205 from the United States, but had a distinct VP7 gene homologous (94.7% aa and 90.2% nt) to the cognate gene from P1B[4],G12 reference strain L26. Thus, this serotype P2A[6],G12 strain represents a previously unrecognized reassortant. Three P3[9] strains were homologous (97.8-98.2% aa) in the VP8 region of VP4 to the P3[9],G3 feline-like reference strain AU-1, but had a high level of genome homology to Italian bovine-like, P3[9],G3 and P3[9],G6 rotavirus strains. Two of the U,S. P3[9] strains were confirmed to be type G3 (97.2-98.2% VP7 aa homology with reference G3 strain AU-1), while the other was most similar to Italian bovine-like strain PA151 (P3[9],G6), sharing 99.0% aa homology in VP7. Cross-neutralization studies confirmed all serotype assignments and represented the first detection of these rotavirus serotypes in the United States. The NSP4 genes of all U.S. P3[9] strains and rotavirus PA151 were most closely related to the bovine and equine branch within the DS-1 lineage, consistent with an animal origin, These results demonstrate that rare strains with P and G serotypes distinct from those of experimental rotavirus vaccines circulate in the United States, making it important to understand whether current vaccine candidates protect against these strains. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Akita Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Akita 0108543, Japan. Natl Inst Allergy & Infect Dis, Lab Infect Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Royal Childrens Hosp, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Dept Gastroenterol & Clin Nutr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Gentsch, JR (reprint author), CDC, Viral Gastroentertis Sect, Mailstop G04 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 102 TC 116 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 294 IS 2 BP 256 EP 269 DI 10.1006/viro.2001.1333 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 542DA UT WOS:000175027200003 PM 12009867 ER PT J AU Lofgren, J Whitley, B Johnson, D Downes, F Somsel, P Robinson-Dunn, B Massey, J Stoltman, G Stobierski, MG Bidol, S Hahn, C Tengelson, L Murray, P Sewell, D Schaffner, W Stephens, D Miller, M Sejvar, J Popovic, T Perkins, B Rosenstein, N AF Lofgren, J Whitley, B Johnson, D Downes, F Somsel, P Robinson-Dunn, B Massey, J Stoltman, G Stobierski, MG Bidol, S Hahn, C Tengelson, L Murray, P Sewell, D Schaffner, W Stephens, D Miller, M Sejvar, J Popovic, T Perkins, B Rosenstein, N TI Laboratory-acquired meningococcal disease - United States, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 141-144, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Alabama Dept Publ Hlth, Montgomery, AL 36102 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI 48913 USA. Amer Soc Microbiol, Washington, DC USA. Amer Publ Hlth Labs Assoc, Infect Dis Comm, Washington, DC USA. Coll Amer Pathologists, Waukegan, IL USA. Natl Comm Clin Lab Stand, Wayne, NJ USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NIOSH, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Morgantown, WV USA. NIOSH, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Morgantown, WV USA. CDC, Div Lab Syst, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Hlth & Safety, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lofgren, J (reprint author), Alabama Dept Publ Hlth, Montgomery, AL 36102 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 13 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 10 BP 1256 EP 1258 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 529YU UT WOS:000174329500009 ER PT J AU Fernhoff, PM Singh, R Waisbren, S Rohr, F Frazier, DM Rasmussen, SA Kenneson, AA Honein, MA Gwinn, ML Brown, AS Morris, JM MacDonald, P AF Fernhoff, PM Singh, R Waisbren, S Rohr, F Frazier, DM Rasmussen, SA Kenneson, AA Honein, MA Gwinn, ML Brown, AS Morris, JM MacDonald, P TI Barriers to dietary control among pregnant women with phenylketonuria - United States, 1998-2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 117-120, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID MATERNAL PHENYLKETONURIA; HYPERPHENYLALANINEMIA C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Med Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ N Carolina, Div Genet & Metab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fernhoff, PM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Med Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 13 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 10 BP 1258 EP 1259 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 529YU UT WOS:000174329500010 ER PT J AU Marshall, S Hayes, E Dennis, D AF Marshall, S Hayes, E Dennis, D TI Lyme Disease - United States, 2000 (Reprinted form MMWR, vol 50, pg 29-31, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 State Hlth Dept, Washington, DC 20201 USA. Dist Columbia Hlth Dept, Washington, DC USA. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Marshall, S (reprint author), State Hlth Dept, Washington, DC 20201 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 13 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 10 BP 1259 EP 1260 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 529YU UT WOS:000174329500011 ER PT J AU Sobel, J Khan, AS Swerdlow, DL AF Sobel, J Khan, AS Swerdlow, DL TI Threat of a biological terrorist attack on the US food supply: the CDC perspective SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PUBLIC-HEALTH; OUTBREAK; INFECTIONS; SALMONELLOSIS; CONTAMINATION; TRANSMISSION; SURVEILLANCE AB Deliberate contamination of food with biological agents has already been perpetrated in the USA. The US food supply is Increasingly characterised by centralised production and wide distribution of products. Deliberate contamination of a commercial food product could cause an outbreak of disease, with many illnesses dispersed over wide geographical areas. Dependent on the biological agent and contaminated food, such an outbreak could either present as a slow, diffuse, and initially unremarkable increase in sporadic cases, or as an explosive epidemic suddenly producing many illnesses. Preparedness for a bioterrorist event affecting the food supply, therefore, entails augmentation of the traditional public-health infrastructure to enhance disease surveillance, accelerate capacity of laboratory detection, rapidly investigate and control outbreaks, and develop capacity for response to mass-casualty disasters. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sobel, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS-A38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 42 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 7 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 9 PY 2002 VL 359 IS 9309 BP 874 EP 880 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07947-3 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 529YV UT WOS:000174329600031 PM 11897303 ER PT J AU Ekpini, RA Nkengasong, JN Sibailly, T Maurice, C Adje, C Monga, BB Roels, TH Greenberg, AE Wiktor, SZ AF Ekpini, RA Nkengasong, JN Sibailly, T Maurice, C Adje, C Monga, BB Roels, TH Greenberg, AE Wiktor, SZ TI Changes in plasma HIV-1-RNA viral load and CD4 cell counts, and lack of zidovudine resistance among pregnant women receiving short-course zidovudine SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE Cote d'Ivoire; HIV-1; mother-to-child transmission; viral load; zidovudine ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; COTE-DIVOIRE; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; ORAL ZIDOVUDINE; TYPE-1; HIV; THERAPY AB Objective: To describe changes in HIV-1 plasma viral load (VL) and CD4 cell counts and to assess zidovudine resistance associated with a short course of oral zidovudine during late pregnancy. Methods: From April 1996 to February 1998 in Abidjan, Cote d'lvoire, 280 HIV-1-seropositive women were randomly assigned at 36 weeks' gestation to receive zidovudine (300 mg) or placebo twice a day, and then one tablet every 3 h from the onset of labor until delivery. Blood samples obtained every 2 weeks until delivery, then at 2 and 4 weeks, and 3 or 6 months after delivery were tested from selected women based on duration of therapy for plasma VL and CD4 cell counts, and samples from 20 women in the zidovudine group were tested by DNA sequencing for the presence of zidovudine resistance mutations. Results: In the zidovudine group, the median reduction in plasma VL (log(10) copies/ml) was -0.48 after 2 weeks (P = 0.02 versus placebo), -0.48 after 4 weeks (P = 0.06), -0.80 after 6 weeks (P = 0.29) of treatment, -0.12 at delivery (P = 0.11), +0.21 at 2 weeks (P = 0.83), +0.17 at 4 weeks (P = 0.69), and +0.21 at 3 months (P= 0.56) postpartum. Median CD4 cell counts were higher in the zidovudine than in the placebo group after 2, 4, and 6 weeks of treatment (P < 0.05). No mutations associated with zidovudine resistance were identified in any of the samples tested. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a short course of zidovudine has no adverse HIV-1 virological consequences for the mother. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Project RETRO CI, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nkengasong, JN (reprint author), Project RETRO CI, 01,BP1712, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAR 8 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP 625 EP 630 DI 10.1097/00002030-200203080-00015 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 530PA UT WOS:000174367100015 PM 11873007 ER PT J AU Leroy, V Karon, JM Alioum, A Ekpini, ER Meda, N Greenberg, AE Msellati, P Hudgens, M Dabis, F Wiktor, SZ AF Leroy, V Karon, JM Alioum, A Ekpini, ER Meda, N Greenberg, AE Msellati, P Hudgens, M Dabis, F Wiktor, SZ CA W Africa PMTCT Study Grp TI Twenty-four month efficacy of a maternal short-course zidovudine regimen to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in West Africa SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE Africa; antiretroviral; HIV; mother-to-child transmission; trial ID RANDOMIZED TRIAL; ORAL ZIDOVUDINE; COTE-DIVOIRE AB Objective: To assess the 24 month efficacy of a maternal short-course zidovudine regimen to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 in a breastfeeding population in West Africa. Methods: Data were pooled from two clinical trials: DITRAME-ANRSO49a conducted in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire and Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina-Faso and RETRO-Cl, conducted in Abidjan. Between September 1995 and February 1998, consenting HIV-1-seropositive women were randomly assigned to receive zidovudine (300 mg) or placebo: one tablet twice daily from 36-38 weeks' gestation until delivery, then in DITRAME only, for 7 more days. Paediatric HIV-1 infection was defined as a positive HIV-1 polymerase chain reaction, or if aged greater than or equal to 15 months, a positive HIV-1 serology. Cumulative risks (CR) of infection were estimated using a competing risk approach with weaning as a competing event. Results: Among 662 live-born children, 641 had at least one HIV-1 test. All but 12 children were breastfed. At 24 months, overall CR of MTCT were 0.225 in the zidovudine and 0.302 in the placebo group, a 26% significant reduction. Among children born to women with CD4 cell counts < 500/ml at enrolment, CR of MTCT were similar, 0.396 in the zidovudine and 0.413 in the placebo group. Among children born to women with CD4 cell counts greater than or equal to 500/ml, CR of MTCT were 0.091 in the zidovudine and 0.220 in the placebo group, a significant 59% reduction. Conclusion: A maternal short-course zidovudine regimen reduces MTCT of HIV-1 at age 24 months, despite prolonged breastfeeding. However, efficacy was observed only among women with CD4 cell counts greater than or equal to 500/ml. New interventions should be considered to prevent MTCT, especially for African women with advanced HIV-1 immunodeficiency. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Univ Bordeaux 2, INSERM, U330, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. PACCI Programme, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. OCCGE, Ctr Muraz, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. RP Leroy, V (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 2, INSERM, U330, 146 Rue Leo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. RI Van de Perre, Philippe/B-9692-2008; Leroy, Valeriane/F-8129-2013 OI Van de Perre, Philippe/0000-0002-3912-0427; Leroy, Valeriane/0000-0003-3542-8616 NR 29 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAR 8 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP 631 EP 641 DI 10.1097/00002030-200203080-00016 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 530PA UT WOS:000174367100016 PM 11873008 ER PT J AU Mansergh, G Marks, G Colfax, GN Guzman, R Rader, M Buchbinder, S AF Mansergh, G Marks, G Colfax, GN Guzman, R Rader, M Buchbinder, S TI 'Barebacking' in a diverse sample of men who have sex with men SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE 'Bareback'; bisexual; gay; health promotion; men who have sex with men (MSM); risk behavior; unsafe sex ID TRANSMISSION; RESISTANT AB Objectives: To assess the prevalence of and factors associated with 'barebacking' as a sociocultural phenomenon in a sample of HIV-positive and -negative men who have sex with men (MSM), and to assess the reasons for barebacking and venues for meeting partners. Design: A cross-sectional survey of MSM recruited in the San Francisco Bay Area from July 2000 to February 2001. Methods: Barebacking, defined as 'intentional anal sex without a condom with someone other than a primary partner', was assessed among men who had heard of the term. Participants were recruited outside multiple venues and interviewed later at community locations. Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression were used for analysis. Results: The sample in = 554) of MSM were African-American (28%), Latino (27%), white (31%) and other race/ethnicity (14%); 35% reported being HIV-positive. Seventy per cent of the men had heard of barebacking. Among men aware of the term, 14% had barebacked in the past 2 years (22% of HIV-positive versus 10% of HIV-negative men, P < 0.001); 10% of the full sample did so. The prevalence of barebacking did not differ by race/ethnicity or sexual orientation identification. Men tended to report bareback partners who had the same HIV serostatus; however, a sizeable proportion of men had partners of different or unknown serostatus. Increased physical stimulation and emotional connectedness were the primary reasons for barebacking. Conclusion: New approaches are needed to reduce bareback behavior and the risk of HIV transmission, including innovative health-promoting behavioral and biomedical interventions. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dept Publ Hlth, AIDS Off, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Mansergh, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 110 Z9 115 U1 2 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAR 8 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP 653 EP 659 DI 10.1097/00002030-200203080-00018 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 530PA UT WOS:000174367100018 PM 11873010 ER PT J AU Schieve, LA Meikle, SF Ferre, C Peterson, HB Jeng, G Wilcox, LS AF Schieve, LA Meikle, SF Ferre, C Peterson, HB Jeng, G Wilcox, LS TI Low and very low birth weight in infants conceived with use of assisted reproductive technology. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; SINGLETON PREGNANCIES; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; EMBRYO TRANSFER; RISK; DELIVERIES; IVF AB Background: The increased risk of low birth weight associated with the use of assisted reproductive technology has been attributed largely to the higher rate of multiple gestations associated with such technology. It is uncertain, however, whether singleton infants conceived with the use of assisted reproductive technology may also have a higher risk of low birth weight than those who are conceived spontaneously. Methods: We used population-based data to compare the rates of low birth weight (lessthan/equal 2500 g) and very low birth weight (<1500 g) among infants conceived with assisted reproductive technology with the rates in the general population. Results: We studied 42,463 infants who were born in 1996 and 1997 and conceived with assisted reproductive technology and used as a comparison group 3,389,098 infants born in the United States in 1997. Among singleton infants born at 37 weeks of gestation or later, those conceived with assisted reproductive technology had a risk of low birth weight that was 2.6 times that in the general population (95 percent confidence interval, 2.4 to 2.7). The use of assisted reproductive technology was associated with an increased rate of multiple gestations; however, its use was not associated with a further increase in the risk of low birth weight in multiple births. Among twins, the ratio of the rate of low birth weight after the use of assisted reproductive technology to the rate in the general population was 1.0 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.0 to 1.1). Infants conceived with assisted reproductive technology accounted for 0.6 percent of all infants born to mothers who were 20 years of age or older in 1997, but for 3.5 percent of low-birth-weight and 4.3 percent of very-low-birth-weight infants. Conclusions: The use of assisted reproductive technology accounts for a disproportionate number of low-birth-weight and very-low-birth-weight infants in the United States, in part because of absolute increases in multiple gestations and in part because of higher rates of low birth weight among singleton infants conceived with this technology. C1 CDCP, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schieve, LA (reprint author), CDCP, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-34,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 26 TC 538 Z9 569 U1 5 U2 27 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 7 PY 2002 VL 346 IS 10 BP 731 EP 737 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa010806 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 527UA UT WOS:000174205000003 PM 11882728 ER PT J AU Papania, M Redd, S Bellini, W Lee, B AF Papania, M Redd, S Bellini, W Lee, B CA CDC TI Measles - United States, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 120-123, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID VIRUS C1 CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Papania, M (reprint author), CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 6 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 9 BP 1105 EP 1106 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 527KV UT WOS:000174186000009 ER PT J AU Uyeki, T Postema, A Brammer, L Hall, H Klimov, A Fukuda, K Cox, N AF Uyeki, T Postema, A Brammer, L Hall, H Klimov, A Fukuda, K Cox, N CA WHO Collaborating Labs CDC TI Update: Influenza activity - United States, 2001-02 season (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 78-91, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 CDC, WHO Collaborating Labs,Natl Resp & Enter Virus Su, Sentinel Phys Influenza Surveillance Syst, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat,Epidemiol P, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, WHO Collaborating Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Co, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Uyeki, T (reprint author), CDC, WHO Collaborating Labs,Natl Resp & Enter Virus Su, Sentinel Phys Influenza Surveillance Syst, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat,Epidemiol P, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 6 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 9 BP 1107 EP 1108 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 527KV UT WOS:000174186000012 ER PT J AU Parekh, BS Kennedy, MS Dobbs, T Pau, CP Byers, R Green, T Hu, DJ Vanichseni, S Young, NL Choopanya, K Mastro, TD McDougal, JS AF Parekh, BS Kennedy, MS Dobbs, T Pau, CP Byers, R Green, T Hu, DJ Vanichseni, S Young, NL Choopanya, K Mastro, TD McDougal, JS TI Quantitative detection of increasing HIV type 1 antibodies after seroconversion: A simple assay for detecting recent HIV infection and estimating incidence SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MATURATION AB We have devised a simple enzyme immunoassay (EIA) that detects increasing levels of anti-HIV IgG after seroconversion and can be used for detecting recent HIV-1 infection. Use of a branched peptide that included gp41 immunodominant sequences from HIV-1 subtypes B, E, and D allowed similar detection of HIV-specific antibodies among various subtypes. Because of the competitive nature of the capture EIA, a gradual increase in the proportion of HIV-1-specific IgG in total IgG was observed for 2 years after seroconversion. This was in contrast to results obtained with the conventional EIA using the same antigen in solid phase, which plateaus soon after seroconversion. The assay was used to test 622 longitudinal specimens from 139 incident infections in the United States (subtype B) and in Thailand (subtypes B and E). The assay was also performed with an additional 8 M urea incubation step to assess the contribution off high-avidity antibodies. Normalized optical density (OD-n) was calculated (ODspecimen/ODcalibrator), using a calibrator specimen. An incremental analysis indicated that a cutoff of 1.0 OD-n and a seroconversion period of 160 days offered the best combination of sensitivity and specificity for classifying incident or long-term infections. The urea step increased the seroconversion period to 180 days with similar sensitivity and specificity. Separate analysis of B and E subtype specimens yielded the same optimal OD-n threshold and similar seroconversion periods. The assay was further validated in African specimens (subtypes A, C, and D) where the observed incidence was within 10% of the expected incidence. This assay should be useful for detecting recent HIV-1 infection and for estimating incidence among diverse HIV-1 subtypes worldwide. C1 CDCP, Div AIDS STD TB Lab Res, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. HIV AIDS Collaborat, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Parekh, BS (reprint author), CDCP, Div AIDS STD TB Lab Res, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, NCID, Mailstop D12,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 252 Z9 284 U1 6 U2 13 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 295 EP 307 DI 10.1089/088922202753472874 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 524LX UT WOS:000174015800009 PM 11860677 ER PT J AU Davis, RR Sieber, WK AF Davis, RR Sieber, WK TI Hearing protector use in noises exposed workers: A retrospective look at 1983 SO AIHAJ LA English DT Article DE hearing protection; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; National Occupational Exposure Survey; noise; surveillance AB Although hearing protectors have been available for more than 60 years, little field surveillance has been done to assess their appropriate wear in noisy occupational environments. This study examined historical field survey data to determine whether workers use hearing protection when exposed to loud noise. Data from the 1981-83 NIOSH National Occupational Exposure Survey were analyzed to determine whether workers in noise greater than or equal to 85 dBA were using hearing protection. The study also looked at the effect of company personal protective equipment (PPE) policies on hearing protector compliance. This study found that, in 1981-83, an estimated 4.1 million industrial workers were exposed to noise greater than or equal to 85 dBA. Of these, 41% were wearing some form of hearing protection. This percentage varied from 79% of workers exposed in SIC 76 (Miscellaneous Repair Service) to less than 1% in Communications (SIC 48), Wholesale Trade Nondurable Goods (SIC 51), and Automotive Dealers & Service Stations (SIC 55). Whether an establishment had a written policy on wearing PPE seemed to make no difference, because there appeared to be no tie between the percentage of workers wearing of hearing protection and presence of a PPE policy. C1 NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Sect, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Hazard Sect, Surveillance Branch, Div Surveillance Hlth Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Davis, RR (reprint author), NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Sect, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, MS C-27,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Davis, Rickie/A-3186-2008; OI Davis, Rickie/0000-0002-9264-2021 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHAJ JI AIHAJ PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 63 IS 2 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(2002)063<0199:HPUINE>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 541NX UT WOS:000174991600015 PM 11975657 ER PT J AU Simon, TR Sussman, S Dahlberg, LL Dent, CW AF Simon, TR Sussman, S Dahlberg, LL Dent, CW TI Influence of a substance-abuse-prevention curriculum on violence-related behavior SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID DRUG-ABUSE; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; ALCOHOL; SCHOOL; HOMICIDE; YOUTH AB Objective: To test the impact of a school-based substance-abuse prevention program, Project Towards No Drug Abuse (TND), on risk for violence. Methods: Logistic regression analyses tested whether victimization, perpetration, or weapon carrying differed for intervention students relative to control students within a sample of 850 continuation high school students followed over 12 months. Results: We observed a higher risk for victimization (OR=1.57) among male control students. No intervention effect was observed for female students or for perpetration among males. Conclusion: The findings provide limited support for a generalization of TND's preventive effect. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ So Calif, Inst Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent Res, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Simon, TR (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, CDC, Mailstop K-60,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU PNG PUBLICATIONS PI STAR CITY PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA SN 1087-3244 J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV JI Am. J. Health Behav. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 26 IS 2 BP 103 EP 110 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 531ZF UT WOS:000174446600003 PM 11926674 ER PT J AU Dykeman, R Aguilar-Madrid, G Smith, T Juarez-Perez, CA Piacitelli, GM Hu, H Hernandez-Avila, M AF Dykeman, R Aguilar-Madrid, G Smith, T Juarez-Perez, CA Piacitelli, GM Hu, H Hernandez-Avila, M TI Lead exposure in Mexican radiator repair workers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE lead; radiator repair; industrial hygiene; occupational disease ID BLOOD LEAD; CHILDREN; CITY; SURVEILLANCE AB Background Lead exposure was investigated among 73 Mexican radiator repair workers (RRWs), 12 members of their family (4 children and 8 wives), and 36 working controls. RRWs were employed at 4 radiator repair shops in Mexico City and 27 shops in Cuernavaca and surrounding areas. Methods Exposure was assessed directly through the use of personal air sampling and hand wipe samples. In addition, industrial hygiene inspections were performed and detailed questionnaires were administered. Blood lead levels were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Results The mean (SD) values for blood lead of the RRWs, 35.5 (13.5) mug/dl, was significantly greater than the same values for the working controls, 13.6 (8.7) mug/dl; P < 001. After excluding a single outlier (247 μg/m(3)), air lead levels ranged from 0 to 99 μg/m(3) 3 with a mean (SD) value of 19 (23) μg/m(3) (median = 7.9 μg/m(3)). In a final multivariate regression model of elevated blood lead levels, the strongest predictors were smoking (vs. non-smoking), the number of radiators repaired per day on average, and the use (vs. non-use) of a uniform while at work, which were associated with blood lead elevations of 11.4 μg/dl, 1.95 μg/dl/radiator/day, and 16.4 μg/dl, respectively (all P < .05). Uniform use was probably a risk factor because they were not laundered regularly and consequently served as reservoir of contamination on which RRWS frequently wiped their hands. Conclusions Lead exposure is a significant problem of radiator repair work, a small industry that is abundant in Mexico and other developing countries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:179-187, 2002. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Channing Lab, Brigham & Womens Hosp,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Populat Res Ctr, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Off Work & Hlth, Mexican Inst Social Secur, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Div Occupat & Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Hu, H (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Channing Lab, Brigham & Womens Hosp,Dept Med, 118 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES0002] NR 19 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1002/ajim.10044 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 526LP UT WOS:000174132200003 PM 11920962 ER PT J AU Schulte, PA AF Schulte, PA TI Approaches to sharing occupational safety and health information on a global scale SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE information; training; risk communication; international agencies; occupational safety and health ID CHALLENGES AB Background The global burden of occupational morbidity and mortality is staggering. Information sharing has been identified as a major way of reducing this burden. Past and current approaches to such sharing and application are worth examining in order to guide future efforts. Methods Recent literature from international agencies and others was examined to identify examples of information sharing and to determine the status of such sharing and related issues. Literature was included from the areas of surveillance, priority setting, research, dissemination, and risk management. Results Examples of global information sharing were identified and lessons were drawn from the issues attendant to them. Conclusions Results indicate that a broad range of efforts actively promote the global distribution of occupational safety and health information. To advance global approaches to the sharing of occupational and safety and health information, it is critical to improve the opportunity and capacity to access information. Important objectives in achieving this goal are developing coherent and transparent information policies, conducting research on dissemination, adaptation, and utilization of information, and overcoming barriers to information and training. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:210-216, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Educ & Informat Div, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Schulte, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Educ & Informat Div, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 210 EP 216 DI 10.1002/ajim.10049 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 526LP UT WOS:000174132200006 PM 11920965 ER PT J AU Jones, CA Francis, ME Eberhardt, MS Chavers, B Coresh, J Engelgau, M Kusek, JW Byrd-Holt, D Narayan, V Herman, WH Jones, CP Salive, M Agodoa, LY AF Jones, CA Francis, ME Eberhardt, MS Chavers, B Coresh, J Engelgau, M Kusek, JW Byrd-Holt, D Narayan, V Herman, WH Jones, CP Salive, M Agodoa, LY TI Microalbuminuria in the US population: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III); population survey; cross-sectional survey; prevalence; microalbuminuria (MA); proteinuria; albuminuria; random untimed urine; albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR); hypertension; diabetes ID URINARY ALBUMIN EXCRETION; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION; NONDIABETIC SUBJECTS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; RENAL-FUNCTION; CREATININE CLEARANCE; GENERAL-POPULATION AB Microalbuminuria (MA) is associated with adverse health outcomes in diabetic and hypertensive adults. The prevalence and clinical significance of MA in nondiabetic populations is less clear. The purpose of this study was to generate national estimates of the prevalence of MA in the US population. Untimed urinary albumin concentrations (UACs) and creatinine concentrations were evaluated in a nationally representative sample of 22,244 participants aged 6 years and older. Persons with hematuria and menstruating or pregnant women were excluded from analysis. The percent prevalence of clinical proteinuria (UAC greater than or equal to 300 mg/L) was similar for males and females. However, the prevalence of MA (urinary albumin-creatinine ratio [ACR], 30 to 299 mg/g) was significantly lower in males (6.1%) compared with females (9.7%). MA prevalence was greater in children than young adults and increased continuously starting at 40 years of age. MA prevalence was greater in non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans aged 40 to 79 years compared with similar-aged non-Hispanic whites. MA prevalence was 28.8% in persons with previously diagnosed diabetes, 16.0% in those with hypertension, and 5.1% in those without diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, or elevated serum creatinine levels. In adults aged 40+ years, after excluding persons with clinical proteinuria, albuminuria (defined as ACR 30 mg/g) was independently associated with older age, non-Hispanic black and Mexican American ethnicity, diabetes, hypertension, and elevated serum creatinine concentration. MA is common, even among persons without diabetes or hypertension. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, and concomitant disease contribute to the variability of MA prevalence estimates. (C) 2002 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. C1 Joslin Diabet Ctr, Div Genet & Epidemiol, Sect Genet & Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Social & Sci Syst, Silver Spring, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biostat & Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. NIDDKD, Clin Trials Program, Div Kidney Urol & Hematol Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Assoc Black Cardiologists Inc, Epidemiol & Clin Trials Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. NHLBI, Div Epidemiol & Clin Applicat, Prevent Sci Res Grp, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIDDKD, End Stage Renal Dis Program, Div Kidney Urol & Hematol Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIDDKD, Minor Hlth Program, Div Kidney Urol & Hematol Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Jones, CA (reprint author), Joslin Diabet Ctr, Div Genet & Epidemiol, Sect Genet & Epidemiol, Rm 368,1 Joslin Pl, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 69 TC 251 Z9 269 U1 0 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 39 IS 3 BP 445 EP 459 DI 10.1053/ajkd.2002.31388 PG 15 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 525UW UT WOS:000174093300001 PM 11877563 ER PT J AU Janssen, RS Valdiserri, RO Shepherd, M De Cock, K AF Janssen, RS Valdiserri, RO Shepherd, M De Cock, K TI The serostatus approach to HIV prevention and care: Cautions and caveats - Janssen et al. respond SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Janssen, RS (reprint author), Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Sto D-21, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2002 VL 92 IS 3 BP 332 EP 333 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.3.332 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 525MU UT WOS:000174076200003 ER PT J AU Stevenson, J Massoudi, M Stokley, S Bulim, I AF Stevenson, J Massoudi, M Stokley, S Bulim, I TI Clinical assessment software application (CASA) and immunization coverage rates SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stevenson, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2002 VL 92 IS 3 BP 333 EP 333 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.3.333 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 525MU UT WOS:000174076200004 PM 11867299 ER PT J AU Valdiserri, RO AF Valdiserri, RO TI HIV/AIDS stigma: An impediment to public health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID HIV C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Valdiserri, RO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton RD,NE EO7, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 123 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2002 VL 92 IS 3 BP 341 EP 342 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.3.341 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 525MU UT WOS:000174076200009 PM 11867303 ER PT J AU Koenig, LJ Whitaker, DJ Royce, RA Wilson, TE Callahan, MR Fernandez, MI AF Koenig, LJ Whitaker, DJ Royce, RA Wilson, TE Callahan, MR Fernandez, MI CA Perinatal Guidelines Evaluation Pr TI Violence during pregnancy among women with or at risk for HIV infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; PARTNER NOTIFICATION; FUTURE-RESEARCH; TRAUMA; DIRECTIONS; ABUSE AB Objectives. This study estimated the prevalence of violence during pregnancy in relation to HIV infection. Methods. Violence, current partnerships, and HIV risk behaviors were assessed among 336 HIT seropositive and 298 HIV-seronegative at-risk pregnant women. Results. Overall, 8.9% of women experienced recent violence; 21.5% currently had abusive partners. Violence was experienced by women in all partnership categories (range = 3.8% with nonabusive partners to 53.6% with physically abusive partners). Neither experiencing violence nor having an abusive partner differed by serostatus. Receiving an HIV diagnosis prenatally did not increase risk. Disclosure-related violence occurred, but was rare. Conclusions. Many HIV-infected pregnant women experience violence, but it is not typically attributable to their serostatus. Prenatal services should incorporate screening and counseling for all women at risk for violence. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Miami, FL USA. RP Koenig, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Whitaker, Daniel/C-1956-2009 NR 40 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2002 VL 92 IS 3 BP 367 EP 370 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.3.367 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 525MU UT WOS:000174076200018 PM 11867312 ER PT J AU Fortenberry, JD McFarlane, M Bleakley, A Bull, S Fishbein, M Grimley, DM Malotte, CK Stoner, BP AF Fortenberry, JD McFarlane, M Bleakley, A Bull, S Fishbein, M Grimley, DM Malotte, CK Stoner, BP TI Relationships of stigma and shame to gonorrhea and HIV screening SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION AB Objectives. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationships between stigma and shame associated with seeking treatment for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and undergoing testing for gonorrhea and HIV, Methods. Participants were 847 males and 1126 females (mean age: 24,9 years) in 7 cities. Two scales assessed STD-related stigma and STD-related shame. Results. Rates of stigma and shame were higher among participants without a gonorrhea test in the past year and among those without an HIV test. Sex, age, health service use, previous suspicion of gonorrhea, and low levels of stigma were independently associated with gonorrhea testing. Age, enrollment site, use of health services, gonorrhea testing, and low levels of stigma were independently associated with HIV testing. Conclusions, Shame is part of the experience of seeking STD-related care, but stigma may be a more powerful barrier to obtaining such care. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Sect Adolescent Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. AMC Canc Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Univ Penn, Annenberg Sch Commun, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Hlth Behav, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Hlth Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anthropol, St Louis, MO USA. RP Fortenberry, JD (reprint author), Riley Outpatient Garage, Room 070,575 North West Dr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. NR 16 TC 198 Z9 199 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2002 VL 92 IS 3 BP 378 EP 381 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.3.378 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 525MU UT WOS:000174076200020 PM 11867314 ER PT J AU Murrill, CS Weeks, H Castrucci, BC Weinstock, HS Bell, BP Spruill, C Gwinn, M AF Murrill, CS Weeks, H Castrucci, BC Weinstock, HS Bell, BP Spruill, C Gwinn, M TI Age-specific seroprevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infection among injection drug users admitted to drug treatment in 6 US cities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; RISK AB Objectives. This study measured age-specific seroprevalence of HIV, hepatitis 3 virus, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among injection drug users (IDUs) admitted to drug treatment programs in 6 US cities. Methods. Remnant sera collected from persons entering treatment with a history of illicit drug injection were tested for antibodies to HIV, hepatitis C (anti-HCV), and hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Results. Prevalence of anti-HBc and anti-HCV increased with age and reached 80% to 100% among older IDUs in all 6 cities. Although overall age-specific HIV prevalence was lower than anti-HCV or anti-HBc, this prevalence was greater in the Northeast than in the Midwest and West. Conclusions. The need continues for effective primary prevention programs among IDUs specifically targeting young persons who have recently started to inject drugs. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Murrill, CS (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2002 VL 92 IS 3 BP 385 EP 387 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.3.385 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 525MU UT WOS:000174076200022 PM 11867316 ER PT J AU Rafferty, CS Campbell, SR Wirtz, RA Benedict, MQ AF Rafferty, CS Campbell, SR Wirtz, RA Benedict, MQ TI Polymerase chain reaction-based identification and genotyping of Anopheles mosquitoes with a 96-pin bacterial replicator SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL DNA; SPECIES DIPTERA; CULICIDAE; COMPLEX; SPACER AB A simple method for rapid identification of large numbers of Anopheles mosquitoes was developed based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the rDNA intergenic spacer and internal transcribed spacer 2. By means of previously described primers for the Anopheles gambiae and An. quadrimaculatus species complexes, rDNA was amplified simultaneously from 96 whole mosquitoes or parts. No homogenization or individual DNA preparation was necessary, and transfer of 96 samples to PCR reactions was performed simultaneously with a bacterial replicator. Control reactions indicate that the level of cross-contamination is negligible, and false-negative findings are rare. The method was tested on larvae, pupae, adult heads, whole adult males and females, and single tarsi. All parts except tarsi provided satisfactory template. Fresh, ethanol-preserved, dried, and frozen adults were also tested with similar results. The method was also tested for amplification of a single-copy gene, white. Results were generally positive, although some false-negative findings were observed. This method allows rapid analysis of large numbers of mosquitoes without robotic equipment and should enable rapid and extensive PCR analysis of field-collected samples and laboratory specimens. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Arthropod Borne Dis Lab, Suffolk Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Yaphank, NY USA. RP Rafferty, CS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 BP 234 EP 237 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 573GH UT WOS:000176820600003 PM 12139213 ER PT J AU Castrodale, LJ Beller, M Wilson, JF Schantz, PM McManus, DP Zhang, LH Fallico, FG Sacco, FD AF Castrodale, LJ Beller, M Wilson, JF Schantz, PM McManus, DP Zhang, LH Fallico, FG Sacco, FD TI Two atypical cases of cystic echinococcosis (Echinococcus granulosus) in Alaska, 1999 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID GENUS ECHINOCOCCUS; CHILDREN AB Before 1999, clinical experience demonstrated that the sylvatic (or Northern) biotype of Echinococcus granulosus seen in Alaska produced fewer complications and serious sequelae than infection with the pastoral (or European) biotype found in other parts of the world. Two cases of E. granulosus with severe sequelae occurred in Alaska in 1999. The adverse outcomes could have been rare complications that are part of the clinical spectrum of disease caused by sylvatic cystic echinoeoccus, an indication that the sylvatic biotype, especially when affecting the liver, has potential for severe clinical consequences, or perhaps in one case, infection with a more virulent biotype of E. granulosus contracted during visits to Washington State. C1 Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Epidemiol Sect, Anchorage, AK 99524 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training,Epidem Intelligence S, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Alaska Native Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Anchorage, AK 99507 USA. Queensland Inst Med Res, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia. Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Anchorage, AK 99504 USA. RP Castrodale, LJ (reprint author), Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Epidemiol Sect, 3601 C St,Suite 540, Anchorage, AK 99524 USA. RI McManus, Donald/G-2678-2013 NR 14 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 BP 325 EP 327 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 573GH UT WOS:000176820600020 PM 12139230 ER PT J AU Schriger, DL Mikulich, VJ AF Schriger, DL Mikulich, VJ TI Update on emerging infections: News from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL GUIDELINES; IMPLEMENTATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schriger, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Schriger, David/0000-0003-0242-1127 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 39 IS 3 BP 319 EP 321 DI 10.1067/mem.2002.121865 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 529PV UT WOS:000174308500018 PM 11867989 ER PT J AU Pihlajamaki, M Kataja, J Seppala, H Elliot, J Leinonen, M Huovinen, P Jalava, J AF Pihlajamaki, M Kataja, J Seppala, H Elliot, J Leinonen, M Huovinen, P Jalava, J TI Ribosomal mutations in Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; IN-VITRO ACTIVITY; ERYTHROMYCIN RESISTANCE; MACROLIDE-RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; RNA GENE; PYOGENES; HMR-3647; DETERMINANT; CLINDAMYCIN AB Eleven clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, isolated in Finland during 1996 to 2000, had an unusual macrolide resistance phenotype. They were resistant to macrolides and streptogramin B but susceptible, intermediate, or low-level resistant to lincosamides. No acquired macrolide resistance genes were detected from the strains. The isolates were found to have mutations in domain V of the 23S rRNA or ribosomal protein L4. Seven isolates had an A2059C mutation in two to four out of the four alleles encoding the 23S rRNA, two isolates had an A2059G mutation in two alleles, one isolate had a C2611G mutation in all four alleles, and one isolate had a (69)GTG(71)-to-69TPS71 substitution in ribosomal protein L4. C1 Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Antimicrobial Res Lab, Turku 20520, Finland. Univ Turku, Cent Hosp, Dept Med, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland. Univ Turku, Cent Hosp, Dept Pediat, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland. Univ Turku, Cent Hosp, Dept Ophthalmol, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Lab Chlamydia & Bacterial Resp Infect, Oulu, Finland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pihlajamaki, M (reprint author), Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Antimicrobial Res Lab, Kiinamyllynkatu 13, Turku 20520, Finland. RI Huovinen, Pentti/C-1917-2009 NR 32 TC 50 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 46 IS 3 BP 654 EP 658 DI 10.1128/AAC.46.3.654-658.2002 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 522QR UT WOS:000173908900007 PM 11850244 ER PT J AU Hazucha, MJ Rhodes, V Boehlecke, BA Southwick, K Degnan, D Shy, CM AF Hazucha, MJ Rhodes, V Boehlecke, BA Southwick, K Degnan, D Shy, CM TI Characterization of spirometric function in residents of three comparison communities and of three communities located near waste incinerators in North Carolina SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE air pollution; biomedical waste; hazardous waste; incinerator; municipal waste; spirometry ID PREVALENCE; EMISSIONS AB Waste incinerators are an increasingly common means of solid waste disposal. However, little is documented about the physical health of community members who live close to incinerators. During a 3-yr epidemiological study, spirometric lung function was tested once annually among residents from 3 communities surrounding a hazardous waste, biomedical, or municipal incinerator and among residents in 3 comparison communities. A total of 1,016 nonsmoking individuals, aged 8-80 yr, participated during at least 1 of the 3 yr of the study; 358 individuals participated all 3 yr. Daily air-quality sampling was done for 1 mo/yr in all 6 communities. The average monthly concentrations of particulate matter with diameters of 2.5 mum and less (PM2.5 [range = 14.6-31.5 mug/m(3)]) in all communities were similar during the 3 yr of study. The mean daily PM2.5 concentrations were significantly less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's allowable 24-hr standard of 65 mug/m(3). Individual incinerators contributed less than 2.5% of the areas' total PM2.5 levels. There was no difference in percent predicted forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, or forced expiratory flow rate over the middle 50% of the forced vital capacity among members of the incinerator communities, compared with nonincinerator communities, and there were no significant differences in lung function within the 3 sets of communities. There was no evidence from this study that an association existed between residence in these 3 waste incinerator areas, which met state and federal emissions regulations, and average spirometric pulmonary function of nonsmoking community members. C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD HIV Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hazucha, MJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, CB 7310,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 57 IS 2 BP 103 EP 112 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 584ZG UT WOS:000177498200003 PM 12194154 ER PT J AU Ferguson, M Walker, D Mast, E Fields, H AF Ferguson, M Walker, D Mast, E Fields, H TI Report of a collaborative study to assess the suitability of a reference reagent for antibodies to hepatitis E virus SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Article ID SERUM AB Several commercial and "in-house" assays have been developed for the detection of antibodies to hepatitis E virus, a major causative agent of enterically transmitted non-A non-B hepatitis. As these kits contain a variety of synthetic peptides or recombinant proteins, greater standardisation is required. A collaborative study was therefore carried out to assess the suitability of a freeze dried preparation designated 95/584 to serve as a reference reagent for hepatitis E virus serum IgG, Preparation 95/584, which is a serum from a previously infected individual, was assayed along with four coded samples, one of which D, was a coded duplicate of 95/584, and three individual sera, coded A, B and C. These preparations were sent to seven laboratories in five countries who tested them in eight different enzyme immunoassays. In most laboratories the coded duplicate gave a mean potency of within 20% of the candidate reference reagent despite the wide range of assays used. However, the potencies of the coded samples which were from different individuals gave somewhat variable potencies relative to the candidate reference reagent. This is not surprising as each sample will have varying proportions of antibodies against individual viral proteins and result in the variation in results observed. Nevertheless, this material will be of use in the standardisation of diagnostic tests for use in sero-prevalence studies and for assessing immunity. Preparation 95/584 was found to be suitable to serve as a reference reagent for hepatitis E serum IgG and has been established as an interim Reference Reagent for Human anti-hepatitis E serum. Each ampoule contains 50 Units per ampoule. C1 Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ferguson, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Blanche Lane S Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. NR 6 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD MAR PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1006/biol.2001.0315 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 515AH UT WOS:000173472900006 PM 11846429 ER PT J AU Brock, JW Caudill, SP Silva, MJ Needham, LL Hilborn, ED AF Brock, JW Caudill, SP Silva, MJ Needham, LL Hilborn, ED TI Phthalate monoesters levels in the urine of young children SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METABOLITES; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US EPA, NHEERL, Off Res & Dev, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Brock, JW (reprint author), Warren Wilson Coll, POB 9000, Asheville, NC 28815 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 12 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 68 IS 3 BP 309 EP 314 DI 10.1007/s00128-001-0255-z PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 523QT UT WOS:000173967000001 PM 11993803 ER PT J AU Ma, Q Baldwin, KT AF Ma, Q Baldwin, KT TI A cycloheximide-sensitive factor regulates TCDD-induced degradation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Symposium on Halogenated Organic Pollutants and Pops - Dioxin 2000 CY AUG 13-17, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA DE Ah receptor; 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; degradation; superinduction; 26S proteasome ID PROTEIN-DNA INTERACTIONS; MOUSE HEPATOMA-CELLS; LIGANDED AH RECEPTOR; IN-VIVO; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ENHANCER; CYP1A1 TRANSCRIPTION; GENE-TRANSCRIPTION; CYTOCHROME P4501A1; DIOXIN AB 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a prototype of environmental halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, induces a rapid reduction in steady state aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Here, we analyzed the biochemical pathway and function of the downregulation. Our results reveal that TCDD downregulates the AhR protein by shortening the halflife of AhR. The TCDD-induced degradation of AhR is inhibited by MG132, a potent inhibitor of the 26S proteasome, indicating the ubiquitin-26S proteasome mediated proteolysis as a mechanism for the degradation of AhR. Furthermore, inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide blocks the degradation of AhR by TCDD, suggesting a labile factor in controlling the stability of ligand-activated AhR (hence, designated as AhR degradation promoting factor, or ADPF). Analyses of nuclear AhR demonstrated that cycloheximide increases nuclear AhR protein and functional AhR/Arnt DNA-binding complex, resulting in superinduction of CYP1A1. Lastly, genetic analyses by using AhR- or Arnt-defective variant cells demonstrate that superinduction by cycloheximide requires the transcription activation (TA) domain of AhR, implicating the TA domain in the control of AhR turnover by ADPF. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which TCDD-activated AhR is regulated in nucleus through the 26S proteasome protein degradation pathway. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Toxicol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Ma, Q (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, NIOSH, HELD, TMBB, Mailstop 3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 2002 VL 46 IS 9-10 SI SI BP 1491 EP 1500 AR PII S0045-6535(01)00270-3 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00270-3 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 542KN UT WOS:000175042800035 PM 12002481 ER PT J AU Ramsey, AH Oemig, TV Davis, JP Massey, JP Torok, TJ AF Ramsey, AH Oemig, TV Davis, JP Massey, JP Torok, TJ TI An outbreak of bronchoscopy-related Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections due to lack of bronchoscope leak testing SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE bronchoscopy; disease outbreaks; equipment contamination; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; tuberculosis ID FIBEROPTIC BRONCHOSCOPY; CONTAMINATED BRONCHOSCOPE; CROSS-CONTAMINATION; FLEXIBLE ENDOSCOPY; APIC GUIDELINE; COMPLICATIONS; TRANSMISSION; IDENTIFICATION; PREVENTION; CULTURES AB Background: Bronchoscopy-related transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is rarely reported. In August 1999, five M tuberculosis-positive bronchial washing culture findings were noted in patients who underwent bronchoscopy in July in a hospital that reported only, eight M tuberculosis-positive culture findings from 1995 to 1998, prompting further investigation. Methods: A case was defined as a M tuberculosis-positive culture finding from specimens obtained from patients who underwent bronchoscopy during January to August of 1999. Bronchoscopy and laboratory records, procedures, and practices were reviewed. M tuberculosis isolates were compared using restriction fragment length polymorphisin (RFLP) analysis. Results: During July 1999, 19 bronchoscopic procedures were performed in 19 patients. Bronchial washing specimens for mycobacterial culture were obtained from IS patients. Ten cases were identified. Two case patients, including the index patient, had signs and symptoms of active tuberculosis prior to bronchoscopy. M tuberculosis infections developed in two more case patients despite starting a standard four-drug antituberculous regimen within 3 weeks after bronchoscopy. Six case patients had positive culture findings but no evidence of infection. AN M tuberculosis isolates were antituberculosis-drug susceptible, and all but one were indistinguishable by RFLP analysis. Three bronchoscopes were used during the outbreak period; one bronchoscope was used in 9 of the 10 case patients (relative risk, 8.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 52). A hole was discovered in die sheath of Us bronchoscope. Leak testing, a critical step in bronchoscope, reprocessing, was not routinely performed at this institution. Conclusions: M tuberculosis contamination of the bronchoscope occurred during the index patient's procedure. The hole in the sheath provided access to a space that was difficult to mechanically clean and chemically disinfect. The reprocessing recommendations of bronchoscope manufacturers, including leak testing after each use, should be closely followed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis, Madison, WI USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Bur Labs, Lansing, MI USA. RP Ramsey, AH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Family Med, MPH&TM, 777 S Mills St, Madison, WI 53715 USA. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD MAR PY 2002 VL 121 IS 3 BP 976 EP 981 DI 10.1378/chest.121.3.976 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 531YZ UT WOS:000174446000046 PM 11888985 ER PT J AU Bjoersdorff, A Bagert, B Massung, RF Gusa, A Eliasson, I AF Bjoersdorff, A Bagert, B Massung, RF Gusa, A Eliasson, I TI Isolation and characterization of two European strains of Ehrlichia phagocytophila of equine origin SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; HEAT-SHOCK OPERON; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; CAUSATIVE AGENT; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN-DISEASE; PCR ASSAY; DOGS; IDENTIFICATION AB We report the isolation and partial genetic characterization of two equine strains of granulocytic Ehrlichia of the genogroup Ehrlichia phagocytophila. Frozen whole-blood samples from two Swedish horses with laboratory-verified granulocytic ehrlichiosis were inoculated into HL-60 cell cultures. Granulocytic Ehrlichia was isolated and propagated from both horses. DNA extracts from the respective strains were amplified by PCR using primers directed towards the 16S rRNA gene, the groESL heat shock operon gene, and the ank gene. The amplified gene fragments were sequenced and compared to known sequences in the GenBank database. With respect to the 16S rRNA gene, the groESL gene, and the ank gene, the DNA sequences of the two equine Ehrlichia isolates were identical to sequences found in isolates from clinical cases of granulocytic ehrlichiosis in humans and domestic animals in Sweden, However, compared to amplified DNA from an American Ehrlichia strain of the E. phagocytophila genogroup, differences were found in the groESL gene and ank gene sequences. C1 Kalmar Cty Hosp, Dept Clin Microbiol, SE-39185 Kalmar, Sweden. Univ Kalmar, Dept Chem Biol & Environm Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. Lund Univ, Dept Med Microbiol & Infect Dis, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bjoersdorff, A (reprint author), Kalmar Cty Hosp, Dept Clin Microbiol, SE-39185 Kalmar, Sweden. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 341 EP 343 DI 10.1128/CDLI.9.2.341-343.2002 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 532EA UT WOS:000174457600021 PM 11874874 ER PT J AU Everhart, JE Kruszon-Moran, D Perez-Perez, G AF Everhart, JE Kruszon-Moran, D Perez-Perez, G TI Reliability of Helicobacter pylori and CagA serological assays SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GASTRIC-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; POPULATION; ACCURACY; TESTS; RISK; ADENOCARCINOMA; SEROPREVALENCE AB Background serological assays for Helicobacter pylori are commonly used without knowledge of reliability. This information is needed to define the ability of serological tests to determine either new cases of infection or loss of infection in longitudinal studies. We evaluated the reproducibility and the interrelationships of serological test results for H. pylori and cytotoxin-associated gene product A (CagA) enzyme-linked immunoassays within a subset of participants in a population-based study. Stored samples from 1,229 participants in the third U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were replicate serologically tested for H. pylori and CagA. Overall disagreement was 3.4% between duplicate tests for H. pylori (or 2.3% if equivocal results were disregarded). Six percent of samples positive on the first test had an immune serum ratio at least 30% lower on repeat testing. The odds ratio for H. pylori seropositivity on retesting was 2.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8 to 4.5) when CagA serology was positive versus when it was negative. CagA antibody was found among 47.8% of H. pylori-equivocal and 7.0% of H. pylori-negative samples. CagA-positive yet H. pylori-negative samples were more likely to occur among Mexican Americans (odds ratio, 5.2; 95% CI = 2.4 to 11.4) and non-Hispanic blacks (odds ratio, 5.5; 95% CI = 2.3 to 13.0) than among non-Hispanic whites. Relying on repeated H. pylori serological tests over time to determine infection rates may result in in is interpretation due to limits in test reproducibility. CagA testing may have a role in verifying infection. C1 NIDDKD, Div Digest Dis & Nutr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Everhart, JE (reprint author), NIDDKD, Div Digest Dis & Nutr, 2 Democracy Plaza,Rm 673,6707 Democracy Blvd,MSC, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-6-2202] NR 31 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 412 EP 416 DI 10.1128/CDLI.9.2.412-416.2002 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 532EA UT WOS:000174457600034 PM 11874887 ER PT J AU Marston, EL James, AV Parker, JT Hart, JC Brown, TM Messmer, TO Jue, DL Black, CM Carlone, GM Ades, EW Sampson, J AF Marston, EL James, AV Parker, JT Hart, JC Brown, TM Messmer, TO Jue, DL Black, CM Carlone, GM Ades, EW Sampson, J TI Newly characterized species-specific immunogenic Chlamydophila pneumoniae peptide reactive with murine monoclonal and human serum antibodies SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; STRAIN-TWAR; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; DISPLAY LIBRARY; INFECTIONS; PHAGE; DIAGNOSIS; PROTEINS AB A monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against an unknown Chlamydophila pneumoniae epitope has been characterized, and the respective peptide mimotope has been identified. A murine MAb specific for C. pneumoniae was used to select peptides from phage display libraries. The peptides identified from the phage display library clones reacted specifically with the respective target murine MAb and with human sera previously identified as having antibody titers to C pneumoniae. The selected peptide mimotope sequences tended to be composed of charged residues surrounding a core of hydrophobic residues. The peptide with the best binding could inhibit >95% of binding to the MAb, suggesting that the selected peptide binds the paratope of the respective MAb. The peptide reacted with human sera previously determined by microimmunofluorescence to have anti-C pneumoniae antibodies. The peptide was competitively competed with the MAb against Renografin-purified, sonicated C. pneumoniae in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and with whole-cell C. pneumoniae in an indirect fluorescence assay format, demonstrating its potential utility in the development of diagnostics. The use of this novel peptide may allow investigators to establish standardized assays free from cross-reactive Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydophila psittaci epitopes and immunoreactivity. C1 CDCP, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Sci Resources Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Marston, EL (reprint author), CDCP, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 446 EP 452 DI 10.1128/CDLI.9.2.446-452.2002 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 532EA UT WOS:000174457600039 PM 11874892 ER PT J AU Martinez, J Pilishvili, T Barnard, S Caba, J Spear, W Romero-Steiner, S Carlone, GM AF Martinez, J Pilishvili, T Barnard, S Caba, J Spear, W Romero-Steiner, S Carlone, GM TI Opsonophagocytosis of fluorescent polystyrene beads coupled to Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A, C, Y, or W135 polysaccharide correlates with serum bactericidal activity SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; ANTIBODY; ASSAY; PHAGOCYTOSIS; VACCINATION; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; CELLS AB We developed a polysaccharide-specific flow cytometric opsonophagocytic assay (OPA) for the simultaneous measurement of functional antibody to Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, Y, and W135. OPA titers significantly correlated with serum bactericidal assay titers for all serogroups tested (mean r = 0.96; P < 0.001). OPA could be used in meningococcal vaccine evaluation. C1 CDCP, Resp Dis Immunol Sect, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. RP Martinez, J (reprint author), CDCP, Resp Dis Immunol Sect, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop A-36, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 485 EP 488 DI 10.1128/CDLI.9.2.485-488.2002 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 532EA UT WOS:000174457600045 PM 11874898 ER PT J AU Miller, WG Waymack, PP Anderson, FP Ethridge, SF Jayne, EC AF Miller, WG Waymack, PP Anderson, FP Ethridge, SF Jayne, EC TI Performance of four homogeneous direct methods for LDL-cholesterol SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; DEXTRAN SULFATE-MG2+ METHOD; CLINICAL-PERFORMANCE; ASSAY; ULTRACENTRIFUGATION; SERUM AB Background: Homogeneous LDL-cholesterol methods from Genzyme, Reference Diagnostics, Roche, and Sigma were evaluated for precision, accuracy, and specificity for LDL in the presence of abnormal lipoproteins. Methods: Each homogeneous method was performed by a Roche/Hitachi 911 according to the vendors' instructions, and the results were compared with the beta-quantification reference method. We measured Precision over 20 days using quality-control and frozen serum specimens. Sera from 100 study participants, including 60 with hyperlipidemias, were assayed by each method. Accuracy was evaluated from regression and total error analysis. Specificity was evaluated from the bias (as a percentage) vs concentration of triglycerides. Results: The total CV was <2% for all methods. Regression slope and intercept (with 95% confidence intervals) were as follows: Genzyme, 0.955 (0.92 to 0.99) and 30.3 (-12 to 73) mg/L; Reference Diagnostics, 0.975 (0.93 to 1.02) and -8 (-63 to 47) mg/L, Roche, 1.067 (1.02 to 1.11) and -101 (-161 to -42) mg/L; and Sigma, 0.964 (0.91 to 1.02) and 164 (89 to 239) mg/L. The percentages of individual results with >12% bias were as follows: Genzyme, 8.0%; Reference Diagnostics, 11.0%; Roche, 10.0%, and Sigma, 30.0%. Total error calculated from mean systematic bias and all-sources random bias was as follows: Genzyme, 12.6%; Reference Diagnostics, 16.5%; Roche, 41.6%; and Sigma, 38.3%. Slopes of bias (as a percentage) vs triglycerides were P <0.001 for all methods except the Roche method, which was P = 0.094. Conclusions: The evaluated methods show nonspecificity toward abnormal lipoproteins, thus compromising their ability to satisfy the National Cholesterol Education Program goal for a total error of <12%. These homogeneous LDL-cholesterol results do not improve on the performance of LDL-cholesterol calculated by the Friedewald equation at triglyceride concentrations <4000 mg/L. (C) 2002 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23219 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Hlth Syst, Dept Pathol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Lab Sci, Special Activit Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Miller, WG (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, 401 N 13th St, Richmond, VA 23219 USA. NR 23 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 48 IS 3 BP 489 EP 498 PG 10 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 524LA UT WOS:000174013600011 PM 11861439 ER PT J AU McEllistrem, MC Mendelsohn, AB Pass, M Elliott, JA Whitney, CG Albanese, BA Harrison, LH AF McEllistrem, MC Mendelsohn, AB Pass, M Elliott, JA Whitney, CG Albanese, BA Harrison, LH TI Distribution of penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococcal clones in the Baltimore metropolitan area and variables associated with drug resistance SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE AB We assessed the distribution of the clonal groups (as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) of penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae that caused invasive pneumococcal infection in the Baltimore metropolitan area during 1995 and 1996. Although S. pneumoniae caused invasive disease in individuals from a variety of demographic groups and locations, strains isolated during the season in which respiratory infections are most common were more likely to be from clonal groups associated with penicillin resistance than from other groups. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol Res Unit, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McEllistrem, MC (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Div Infect Dis, Epidemiol Res Unit, 3471 5th Ave,501 Kaufmann Bldg, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [K23-AI01788-01, K24 AI052788] NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 5 BP 704 EP 707 DI 10.1086/338717 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 518PT UT WOS:000173677600022 PM 11803506 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM Macera, CA Ainsworth, BE Martin, M Addy, CL Blair, SN AF Hootman, JM Macera, CA Ainsworth, BE Martin, M Addy, CL Blair, SN TI Predictors of lower extremity injury among recreationally active adults SO CLINICAL JOURNAL OF SPORT MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE physical activity; walking; running; injury ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE MORTALITY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS; RUNNING INJURIES; BODY-COMPOSITION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; RISK-FACTORS; ALL-CAUSE; RUNNERS; EXERCISE AB Objective: To identify gender-specific predictors of lower extremity injury among a sample of adults engaging in running, walking, or jogging (RWJ) for exercise. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Cooper Clinic Preventive Medicine Center, Dallas, Texas, Participants: Participants were 2,481 men and 609 women who underwent a physical examination between 1970 and 1981 and returned a follow-up survey in 1986. Predictor variables measured at baseline included height, weight, and cardiorespiratory fitness. At follow-up, participants recalled information about musculoskeletal injuries, physical activity levels, and other predictors for lower extremity injury over two time periods, 5 years and 12 months. Main Outcome Measures: An injury was defined as any self-reported lower extremity injury that required a consultation with a physician. Cox proportional hazards regression (HR) was used to predict the probability of lower extremity injury for the 5-year recall period, and unconditional logistic regression was used for the 12-month recall period. Results: Among men, previous lower extremity injury was the strongest predictor of lower extremity injury (HR = 1.93-2.09), regardless of recall period. Among women, RWJ mileage >20 miles/wk was the strongest predictor for the 5-year period (HR = 2.08), and previous lower extremity injury was the strongest predictor for the 12-month period (HR = 2.81). Conclusions: For healthy adults, walking at a brisk pace for 10-20 miles per week accumulates adequate moderate-intensity physical activity to meet national recommendations while minimizing the risk for musculoskeletal lower extremity injury. Clinicians may use this information to provide appropriate injury prevention counseling to their active patients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Hlth Phys Educ Recreat & Safety, Murfreesboro, TN 37130 USA. Cooper Inst Aerob Res, Dallas, TX USA. RP Hootman, JM (reprint author), Adult & Community Hlth Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, ATC, Arthrit Program Div, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG06945] NR 48 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 16 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1050-642X J9 CLIN J SPORT MED JI Clin. J. Sport Med. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1097/00042752-200203000-00006 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 540WM UT WOS:000174953900005 PM 11953556 ER PT J AU Harris, ML Cowie, CC Gu, K Francis, ME Flegal, K Eberhardt, MS AF Harris, ML Cowie, CC Gu, K Francis, ME Flegal, K Eberhardt, MS TI Higher fasting insulin but lower fasting C-peptide levels in African Americans in the US population SO DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE insulin; C-peptide; African American; Mexican American ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; NON-HISPANIC WHITES; HIGH-RISK; ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; FAT DISTRIBUTION; GLUCOSE; SECRETION; NIDDM AB Background Fasting serum insulin and fasting serum C-peptide are risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes. Because of the higher incidence of type 2 diabetes in African Americans and Hispanic Americans, it is likely that these groups may differ from non-Hispanic whites in their levels of insulin and C-peptide. Methods We analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of adults in the US population for whom sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory information were obtained. The data were used to describe distributions of fasting insulin and fasting C-peptide in non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican American men and women aged greater than or equal to 20 years without a medical history of diabetes. Results Among men, Mexican Americans had higher insulin values than non-Hispanic whites and blacks. Among women, both Mexican Americans and blacks had higher insulin values than whites. For C-peptide, differences by sex and race-ethnicity paralleled those seen for fasting insulin with the exception that black men had significantly lower C-peptide values than whites and Mexican Americans. After adjustment for age, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), the higher levels for insulin in blacks and Mexican Americans remained; both black men and women had significantly lower C-peptide values than whites and Mexican Americans. The molar ratio of fasting C-peptide to fasting insulin was similar for men and women in each race-ethnic group. However, blacks had substantially lower ratios than whites and Mexican Americans. Conclusions We found wide variations in fasting insulin and fasting C-peptide levels by race and ethnicity in US adults that were not explained by confounding factors, primarily measures of obesity. Most notably, the higher fasting insulin and lower fasting C-peptide levels in blacks implies that there is a derangement in insulin clearance and an impairment in beta-cell function in blacks compared with whites and Mexican Americans. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 NIDDKD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Social & Sci Syst Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Cowie, CC (reprint author), NIDDKD, NIH, 6707 Democracy Blvd,Suite 691, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1520-7552 J9 DIABETES METAB RES JI Diabetes-Metab. Res. Rev. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 149 EP 155 DI 10.1002/dmrr.273 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 547MN UT WOS:000175336300009 PM 11994907 ER PT J AU Manangan, LP Pearson, ML Tokars, JI Miller, E Jarvis, WR AF Manangan, LP Pearson, ML Tokars, JI Miller, E Jarvis, WR TI Feasibility of national surveillance of health-care-associated infections in home-care settings SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTION; LONG-TERM-CARE; INFUSION THERAPY; CDC DEFINITIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SYSTEM AB This article examines the rationale and strategies for surveillance of health-care-associated infections in home-care settings, the challenges of nonhospital-based surveillance, and the feasibility of developing a national surveillance system. C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jarvis, WR (reprint author), CDC, Mailstop E-69,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2002 VL 8 IS 3 BP 233 EP 236 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 531UC UT WOS:000174434800001 PM 11927018 ER PT J AU Arguin, PM Murray-Lillibridge, K Miranda, MEG Smith, JS Calaor, AB Rupprecht, CE AF Arguin, PM Murray-Lillibridge, K Miranda, MEG Smith, JS Calaor, AB Rupprecht, CE TI Serologic evidence of Lyssavirus infections among bats, the Philippines SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PTEROPID BATS; RABIES VIRUS; FRUIT BATS; ANTIBODIES; AUSTRALIA AB Active surveillance for lyssaviruses was conducted among populations of bats in the Philippines. The presence of past or current Lyssavirus infection was determined by use of direct fluorescent antibody assays on bat brains and virus neutralization assays on bat sera. Although no bats were found to have active infection with a Lyssavirus, 22 had evidence of neutralizing antibody against the Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV). Seropositivity was statistically associated with one species of bat, Miniopterus schreibersi. Results from the virus neutralization assays are consistent with the presence in the Philippines of a naturally occurring Lyssavirus related to ABLV. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Arguin, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2002 VL 8 IS 3 BP 258 EP 262 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 531UC UT WOS:000174434800005 PM 11927022 ER PT J AU Erdman, DD Xu, WH Gerber, SI Gray, GC Schnurr, D Kajon, AE Anderson, LJ AF Erdman, DD Xu, WH Gerber, SI Gray, GC Schnurr, D Kajon, AE Anderson, LJ TI Molecular epidemiology of adenovirus type 7 in the United States, 1966-2000 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent ID LOWER RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; US-ARMY TRAINEES; GENOME TYPES; SOUTH-AMERICA; CHILDREN; PNEUMONIA; DISEASE; SEROTYPE-7; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES AB Genetic variation among 166 isolates of human adenovirus 7 (Ad7) obtained from 1966 to 2000 from the United States and Eastern Ontario, Canada, was determined by genome restriction analysis. Most (65%) isolates were identified as Ad7b. Two genome types previously undocumented in North America were also identified: Ad7d2 (28%), which first appeared in 1993 and was later identified throughout the Midwest and Northeast of the United States and in Canada; and Ad7h (2%), which was identified only in the U.S. Southwest in 1998 and 2000. Since 1996, Ad7d2 has been responsible for several civilian outbreaks of Ad7 disease and was the primary cause of a large outbreak of respiratory illness at a military recruit training center. The appearance of Ad7d2 and Ad7h in North America represents recent introduction of these viruses from previously geographically restricted areas and may herald a shift in predominant genome type circulating in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Erdman, DD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 52 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2002 VL 8 IS 3 BP 269 EP 277 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 531UC UT WOS:000174434800007 PM 11927024 ER PT J AU Lindo, JF Waugh, C Hall, J Cunningham-Myrie, C Ashley, D Eberhard, ML Sullivan, JJ Bishop, HS Robinson, DG Holtz, T Robinson, RD AF Lindo, JF Waugh, C Hall, J Cunningham-Myrie, C Ashley, D Eberhard, ML Sullivan, JJ Bishop, HS Robinson, DG Holtz, T Robinson, RD TI Enzootic Angiostrongylus cantonensis in rats and snails after an outbreak of human eosinophilic meningitis, Jamaica SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHEN AB After an outbreak in 2000 of eosinophilic meningitis in tourists to Jamaica, we looked for Angiostrongylus cantonensis in rats and snails on the island. Overall, 22% (24/109) of rats harbored adult worms, and 8% (4/48) of snails harbored A. cantonensis larvae. This report is the first of enzootic A. cantonensis infection in Jamaica, providing evidence that this parasite is likely to cause human cases of eosinophilic meningitis. C1 Univ Hosp W Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. Minist Hlth, Kingston, Jamaica. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Eberhard, ML (reprint author), Univ Hosp W Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. RI Robinson, Ralph/J-9818-2012 NR 11 TC 58 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2002 VL 8 IS 3 BP 324 EP 326 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 531UC UT WOS:000174434800016 PM 11927033 ER PT J AU Blanck, HM Marcus, M Rubin, C Tolbert, PE Hertzberg, VS Henderson, AK Zhang, RH AF Blanck, HM Marcus, M Rubin, C Tolbert, PE Hertzberg, VS Henderson, AK Zhang, RH TI Growth in girls exposed in utero and postnatally to polybrominated biphenyls and polychlorinated biphenyls SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body height; body weight; breast feeding; Michigan; prenatal exposure delayed effects; polybrominated biphenyls; polychlorinated biphenyls ID DICHLORODIPHENYL DICHLOROETHENE; DEVELOPING BRAIN; PBB COHORT; BIRTH SIZE; IN-UTERO; PCBS; CHILDREN; SERUM; MILK; TOXICITY AB Background. Accidental contamination with polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) of the Michigan food supply in 1973 led to the exposure of more than 4000 individuals and to formation of the PBB cohort registry (1976-1979). At enrollment, measurements were taken of serum PBB and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), possible endocrine disrupting chemicals. Methods. We examined the association of estimated PBB and PCB exposure during pregnancy with current height and weight in 308 daughters, 5-24 years of age (mean age 15.2 years), born to women in the cohort. We estimated prenatal PBB exposure using maternal enrollment serum PBB and a model of PBB elimination. Prenatal PCB exposure was estimated using maternal enrollment serum PCB because background-level exposure through diet was ongoing. Self-reported height and weight were obtained from a 1997-1998 health survey. Results. We found no association between prenatal PBB exposure and either daughter's current height or daughter's weight adjusted for height; however, prenatal PCB exposure above 5 parts per billion was associated with reduced weight adjusted for height. Exposure through breastfeeding did not modify the association. Conclusions. Mothers with PCB levels above the median had daughters whose current weights were 11 pounds lower than that of the daughters whose mothers had levels below the median. This study provides evidence that prenatal exposure to PCBs may affect growth. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Nutr & Hlth Sci Program, Biol & Biomed Sci Div, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Marcus, M (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES08341-01]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U37/CCU500392] NR 44 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAR PY 2002 VL 13 IS 2 BP 205 EP 210 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 524XH UT WOS:000174037800016 PM 11880762 ER PT J AU Myjak, P Nahorski, W Pieniazek, NJ Pietkiewicz, H AF Myjak, P Nahorski, W Pieniazek, NJ Pietkiewicz, H TI Usefulness of PCR for diagnosis of imported malaria in Poland SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PARASITES AB The aim of the present study was to use the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect and identify Plasmodium spp. in diagnostic specimens, especially in those from patients diagnosed by microscopy as having possible mixed infections, and in those demonstrating low parasitemia or those that were parasite-negative. For most of the specimens, the PCR results were in accordance with microscopic findings, and in 16.2% of the cases with low parasitemia PCR enhanced the results by identifying the parasite species. This method detected one additional case of Plasmodium falciparum malaria among the patients with fever of unknown origin. The sensitivity of PCR for detecting Plasmodium DNA was found to correspond to 1.35-0.38 and 0.12 for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax parasites per microliter of blood, respectively. Follow-up examinations demonstrated that most of the patients became negative for Plasmodium DNA from 1 to 4 days after the disappearance of parasitemia, as determined by examination of blood films. In conclusion, PCR performed by the reference laboratory significantly enhanced the microscopic diagnosis of malaria and proved very helpful in cases of low parasitemia and in cases of mixed infection. C1 Inst Maritime & Trop Med, PL-81519 Gdynia, Poland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Myjak, P (reprint author), Inst Maritime & Trop Med, Ul Powstania Styczniowego 9B, PL-81519 Gdynia, Poland. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0934-9723 J9 EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 21 IS 3 BP 215 EP 218 DI 10.1007/s10096-001-0690-0 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 546CQ UT WOS:000175254700009 PM 11957025 ER PT J AU Brown, AS Fernhoff, PM Waisbren, SE Frazier, DM Singh, R Rohr, F Morris, JM Kenneson, A MacDonald, P Gwinn, M Honein, M Rasmussen, SA AF Brown, AS Fernhoff, PM Waisbren, SE Frazier, DM Singh, R Rohr, F Morris, JM Kenneson, A MacDonald, P Gwinn, M Honein, M Rasmussen, SA TI Barriers to successful dietary control among pregnant women with phenylketonuria SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE phenylketonuria; maternal phenylketonuria; metabolic disorder; mental retardation; medical foods; diet ID MATERNAL PHENYLKETONURIA; UNITED-STATES; FETAL DAMAGE; PKU CLINICS; HYPERPHENYLALANINEMIA; DISCONTINUATION; REGISTER; POLICIES AB Purpose: The teratogenic effects of maternal PKU are preventable, yet affected babies continue to be born. This study's purpose was to identify barriers to successful dietary control among pregnant women with PKU. Methods: An interview-based study was conducted of women with PKU who were known to metabolic disease clinics in three states and pregnant during 1998 to 2000. Medical records were used to document timing of metabolic control. Results: Of 24 women in the study, only 8 (33%) initiated the diet before pregnancy. Of 22 medical records received, only 12 (55%) indicated control of blood phenylalanine levels before 10 weeks' gestation. Risk factors for late dietary control included young age and belief that treatment costs complicated the diet. Although all of the women expressed confidence in the metabolic clinic staff, few perceived their obstetricians were knowledgeable about the maternal PKU diet. Of 13 women enrolled in state-based assistance programs, 9 (69%) reported proof of pregnancy was required for eligibility. Many women using private insurance reported their insurers were unwilling to pay for medical foods. When the data were stratified according to state of residence, differences were observed in the rate of live-born infants, prepregnancy medical food use, average travel time to the metabolic clinic, and gestational week when metabolic control was achieved. Conclusion: Our study's findings may be used to target educational messages to women with PKU and to direct future research directions, For example, obstetric knowledge of maternal PKU needs further evaluation. Discrepancies should be resolved between maternal PKU medical recommendations and the policies of third party-payers. The disparities in financial assistance and services available to pregnant women with PKU residing in different states should be examined further. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Sect, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Brown, AS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 4 IS 2 BP 84 EP 89 DI 10.1097/00125817-200203000-00006 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 530RY UT WOS:000174373800006 PM 11882785 ER PT J AU Evatt, BL AF Evatt, BL TI Observations from Global Survey 2001: an emerging database for progress SO HAEMOPHILIA LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; HEMOPHILIA C1 CDCP, Hematol Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Evatt, BL (reprint author), CDCP, Hematol Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E64, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1351-8216 J9 HAEMOPHILIA JI Haemophilia PD MAR PY 2002 VL 8 IS 2 BP 153 EP 156 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2516.2002.00616.x PG 4 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 541WQ UT WOS:000175009200014 PM 11952853 ER PT J AU Gostin, LO AF Gostin, LO TI Law and ethics in a public health emergency SO HASTINGS CENTER REPORT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Collaborating Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gostin, LO (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Ctr Sociolegal Studies, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HASTINGS CENTER PI BRIARCLIFF MANOR PA 255 ELM ROAD, BRIARCLIFF MANOR, NY 10510 USA SN 0093-0334 J9 HASTINGS CENT REP JI Hastings Cent. Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 32 IS 2 BP 9 EP 11 PG 3 WC Ethics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Ethics; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Ethics; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 544BM UT WOS:000175138400010 PM 11998778 ER PT J AU Goldstein, B AF Goldstein, B TI The environment and health: A conversation with CDC chief Jeffrey Koplan SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Goldstein, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 21 IS 2 BP 179 EP 184 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.179 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 530WN UT WOS:000174382100019 ER PT J AU Whitcomb, RC AF Whitcomb, RC TI Reconstruction and analysis of Cs-137 fallout deposition patterns in the Marshall Islands SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Marshall Islands; fallout; Cs-137; soil AB Estimates of Cs-137 deposition caused by fallout originating from nuclear weapons testing in the Marshall Islands have been estimated for several locations in the Marshall Islands. These retrospective estimates are based primarily on historical exposure rate and gummed film measurements. The methods used to reconstruct these deposition estimates are similar to those used in the National Cancer Institute study for reconstructing I-137 deposition from the Nevada Test Site. Reconstructed cumulative deposition estimates are validated against contemporary measurements of Cs-137 concentration in soil with account taken for estimated global fallout contributions. These validations show that the overall geometric bias in predicted-to-observed (P:O) ratios is 1.0 (indicating excellent agreement). The 5(th) to 95(th), percentile range of this distribution is 0.35-2.95. The NO ratios for estimates using historical gummed film measurements tend to slightly overpredict more than estimates using exposure rate measurements. The deposition estimate methods. supported by the agreement between estimates and measurements, suggest that these methods can be used with confidence for other weapons testing fallout radionuclides. C1 CDCP, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Radiat Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Whitcomb, RC (reprint author), CDCP, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Radiat Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM byw3@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 82 IS 3 BP 304 EP 315 AR UNSP 0017-9078/02/0 DI 10.1097/00004032-200203000-00003 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 522HN UT WOS:000173890500003 PM 11845833 ER PT J AU Wasserman, DE Hudock, SD Wasserman, JF Mullinix, L Wurzelbacher, SJ Siegfried, KV AF Wasserman, DE Hudock, SD Wasserman, JF Mullinix, L Wurzelbacher, SJ Siegfried, KV TI Hand-arm vibration in a group of hand-operated grinding tools SO HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS IN MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article AB Vibration acceleration was triaxially and basicentrically measured, and digital-audio-tape-recorded with each axis separately evaluated using both the ANSI S3.34 and ACGIH hand-arm vibration (HAV) guidelines, for two pairs of pneumatic handheld grinders commonly used in metal fabrication operations including shipyards. Each tool pair consisted of a new and used grinder of the same model, performing the same simulated grinding tasks using new small grinding wheels, carbide burrs, wire brushes, and flap wheels. The results of this limited study showed, primarily, that the HAV standards were not exceeded, but there was a consistent tendency for the acceleration levels to increase between new and used tools, ranging from 11% to 66% on the Z-axis, 13% to 66% on the Y-axis, 44% to 58% on the X-axis, when tasks involved using grinding wheels and carbide burrs (hard implements). The results were mixed when using disposable wire brushes and flap wheels (softer implements). The overall results suggest the need for and implementation of a regular tool vibration monitoring and maintenance program as a primary element to help maintain tool acceleration levels to a minimum. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Tennessee, Sch Engn, Inst Study Human Vibrat, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. MEMIC Safety Serv, Portland, ME 04104 USA. RP Wasserman, DE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Sch Engn, Inst Study Human Vibrat, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1090-8471 J9 HUM FACTOR ERGON MAN JI Hum. Factors Ergon. Manuf. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2 BP 211 EP 226 DI 10.1002/hfm.10009 PG 16 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA 531AG UT WOS:000174391900005 ER PT J AU Cegielski, JP Chin, DP Espinal, MA Frieden, TR Cruz, RR Talbot, EA Weil, DEC Zaleskis, R Raviglione, MC AF Cegielski, JP Chin, DP Espinal, MA Frieden, TR Cruz, RR Talbot, EA Weil, DEC Zaleskis, R Raviglione, MC TI The global tuberculosis situation - Progress and problems in the 20th century, prospects for the 21st century SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; SHORT-COURSE CHEMOTHERAPY; INITIAL-DRUG RESISTANCE; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS AB After decades of decline, tuberculosis (TB) staged a worldwide comeback in the latter part of the 20th century. The worldwide failure of TB control programs, combined with the HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome pandemic, led to marked increases in TB morbidity and mortality, complicated further by the spread of multidrug resistance. Nevertheless, a highly cost-effective strategy has been developed to control TB, even in the least developed countries, and large-scale implementation has begun. Until a highly effective vaccine is developed, global efforts must focus on mobilizing political and economic resources to expand and strengthen this internationally recommended TB control strategy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. World Hlth Org, Reg Off SE Asia, New Delhi, India. World Hlth Org, Beijing, Peoples R China. Pan Amer Hlth Org, TB Program, Washington, DC USA. BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. World Bank, Human Dev Dept, Hlth Nutr & Populat Team, Washington, DC 20433 USA. Reg Off Europe, World Hlth Org, TB Control Program, Copenhagen, Denmark. World Hlth Org, Stop TB Dept, TB Strategy & Operat, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Cegielski, JP (reprint author), CDC, Mailstop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 198 TC 58 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1016/S0891-5520(03)00045-X PG 59 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 540NG UT WOS:000174934600002 PM 11917808 ER PT J AU Schulman, J Sacks, J Provenzano, G AF Schulman, J Sacks, J Provenzano, G TI State level estimates of the incidence and economic burden of head injuries stemming from non-universal use of bicycle helmets SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; SAFETY HELMETS; UNITED-STATES; RETURN; DEATHS; WORK AB Objective: To develop national and state level estimates for preventable bicycle related head injuries (BRHIs) and associated direct and indirect health costs from the failure to use bicycle helmets. Methods: Information on the effectiveness and prevalence of use of bicycle helmets was combined to estimate the avoidable fraction, that is, the proportion of BRHIs that could be prevented through the use of bicycle helmets. The avoidable fraction multiplied by the expected number of BRHIs gives an estimate of the number of preventable cases. Direct and indirect health costs are estimated from a social perspective for the number of preventable BRHIs to assess potential cost savings that would be achieved if all riders wore helmets. Results: Approximately 107 000 BRHIs could have been prevented in 1997 in the United States. These preventable injuries and deaths represent an estimated $81 million in direct and $2.3 billion in indirect health costs. Estimates range from 200 preventable BRHIs and $3 million in health costs in Wyoming (population 480 000) to 13 700 preventable BRHIs and $320 million in health costs in California (population 32.3 million). Conclusions: A number of successful approaches to increasing bicycle helmet use exist, including mandatory use laws and community based programs. The limited use of these strategies may be related to the fact that too little information is available to state agencies about the public health and economic burden of these preventable injuries. In conjunction with information on program costs, our estimates,, can assist state planners in better quantifying the number of preventable BRHIs and the costs and benefits of helmet promotion programs. C1 Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Uniintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schulman, J (reprint author), Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Battelle Mem Inst, 2971 Flowers Rd,Suite 233, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU B M J PUBLISHING INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 221 MAIN ST, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94120-7690 USA SN 1353-8047 J9 INJ PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 8 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 DI 10.1136/ip.8.1.47 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 654LE UT WOS:000181497700011 PM 11928974 ER PT J AU Ni, H Barnes, P Hardy, AM AF Ni, H Barnes, P Hardy, AM TI Recreational injury and its relation to socioeconomic status among school aged children in the US SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; NONFATAL INJURIES; SOCIAL-CLASS; MORTALITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDHOOD; INEQUALITY; HEALTH; INCOME; RISK AB Objectives: This study described epidemiologic patterns of recreational injuries among school aged children in the US and assessed the relation of these patterns to socioeconomic status. Methods: Combined data from the 1997-98 National Health Interview Surveys for 38 458 children aged 6-17 years regarding non-fatal recreational injury episodes that received medical attention, reported by a household adult, were analysed. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between recreational injury and socioeconomic status while controlling for confounding factors. Results: The annualized rate of recreational injury was 91.2 episodes per 1000 children, with an, increased risk associated with a higher family income status or being non-Hispanic white. For children from not poor families, most injury episodes occurred in sport facilities, whereas for children from poor and near poor families, most occurred outside the home. Conclusion: Recreational injury is a significant health problem for school aged children in the US. Non-Hispanic white children and children from affluent families are at increased risk of recreational injury. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Interview Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Ni, H (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Interview Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM hni@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 6 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 EI 1475-5785 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 8 IS 1 BP 60 EP 65 DI 10.1136/ip.8.1.60 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 654LE UT WOS:000181497700014 PM 11928978 ER PT J AU Gift, TL Arnould, R DeBrock, L AF Gift, TL Arnould, R DeBrock, L TI Is healthy competition healthy? New evidence of the impact of hospital competition SO INQUIRY-THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION PROVISION AND FINANCING LA English DT Article ID MARKET-STRUCTURE; COST; CALIFORNIA; ECONOMICS; AUCTIONS; BEHAVIOR; CARE AB dCompetition among hospitals is commonly regarded as inefficient due to the medical arms race phenomenon, but most evidence for this hypothesis predates the Medicare prospective payment system and preferred provider legislation. Recent studies indicate hospital competition reduces costs and prices, but nearly all such research has focused on California. We add to the body of literature that analyzes the effects of competition in hospital markets. Using data from the state of Washington, we show that hospitals assume more risk in competitive markets by being more likely to accept prospective payment arrangements with insurers. If the arrangement is retrospective, the hospital is more likely to offer a discount as the number of competing hospitals increases. Both findings indicate that competitive forces operate the same in hospital markets as in most others: as the number of competitors increases, prices decrease and market power shifts from the suppliers to purchasers. The medical arms race hypothesis that favors more concentrated hospital markets no longer appears to be valid. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Econ, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP DeBrock, L (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Econ, 1206 S 6th St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 8 PU BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD ASSOC PI ROCHESTER PA 150 EAST MAIN ST, ROCHESTER, NY 14647 USA SN 0046-9580 J9 INQUIRY-J HEALTH CAR JI Inquiry-J. Health Care Organ. Provis. Financ. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 39 IS 1 BP 45 EP 55 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 559QD UT WOS:000176036100005 PM 12067074 ER PT J AU Spengler, RF Anderson, BE Zenick, H AF Spengler, RF Anderson, BE Zenick, H TI Collaboration and importance of federally sponsored Superfund research programs SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material DE research; environmental health; Superfund; hazardous substances C1 ATSDR, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIEHS, Div Extramural Res & Training, Durham, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Spengler, RF (reprint author), ATSDR, Mail Stop E-28,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 205 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1078/1438-4639-00124 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 541KM UT WOS:000174983800001 PM 12018001 ER PT J AU Bonham, VL Nathan, VR AF Bonham, VL Nathan, VR TI Environmental public health research: engaging communities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE community-based research; environmental health; Superfund community research; minority communities AB Environmental public health research is a multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional field of endeavor that is changing. New and innovative approaches are vital to researchers and communities. Partnerships and collaborations also are part of the equation. Thus, engaging communities is a necessary component for successful environmental public health research. The federal government has a fiduciary and a moral responsibility to provide ethical research in communities with the same integrity as required for individuals. There is an inherent distrust by many communities, especially minority communities, in light of past public health research failures. Communities targeted by public health researchers may be aware of the need to improve the community's environmental health and quality of life but are unsure of the methods and benefits. This in turn requires competent and attentive collaborations between the community and the researcher(s). Communities are indeed more astute to their physical surroundings, but may still not understand the nature and intent of the research process. Therefore, the collaboration and partnership should start as early in the design, planning, and execution of the project as possible. Future challenges in genetic screening and research will only increase the need for communities to be engaged in public health research. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Med, Hlth Serv Res Div, Clin Ctr B 211, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Off Urban Affairs, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bonham, VL (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Med, Hlth Serv Res Div, Clin Ctr B 211, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 205 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1078/1438-4639-00125 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 541KM UT WOS:000174983800002 PM 12018003 ER PT J AU Orr, M Bove, F Kaye, W Stone, M AF Orr, M Bove, F Kaye, W Stone, M TI Elevated birth defects in racial or ethnic minority children of women living near hazardous waste sites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE birth defects; hazardous waste; minority populations; neural tube defects; National Priorities List ID CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; RISK; PROXIMITY AB This case-control study evaluated the relationship between birth defects in racial or ethnic minority children born during 1983-1988 and the potential exposure of their mothers to contaminants at hazardous waste sites in California. Four categories of race or ethnicity were used: black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian/Alaska Native, and Asian/Pacific Islander. Case subjects were 13,938 minority infants with major structural birth defects (identified by the California Birth Defects Monitoring Program) whose mothers resided in selected counties at the time of delivery. The control group was composed of 14,463 minority infants without birth defects who were randomly selected from the same birth cohort as the case subjects. The potential for exposure was determined by whether the mother resided at the time of delivery in the same census tract as a hazardous waste site that was on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Priorities List (NPL). Racial/ethnic minority infants whose mothers had been potentially exposed to hazardous waste were at slightly increased risk for birth defects (odds ratio [OR]=1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.98-1.27) than were racial/ethnic minority infants whose mothers had not been potentially exposed. The greatest association was between potential exposure and neural tube defects (OR=1.54, 95% CI=0.93-2.55), particularly anencephaly (OR=1.85, 95% CI=0.91-3.75). The strongest association between birth defects and potential exposure was among American Indians/Alaska Natives (OR=1.19, 95% CI=0.62-2.27). Despite the limitations of this study, the consistency of these findings with previous studies suggests an association between environmental risk factors and birth defects. This is particularly relevant to minority populations. We recommend further investigation of birth defects among minority communities, particularly among American Indians/Alaska Natives. Special attention should also be paid to those defects and contaminants that consistently are associated with exposure to hazardous waste. C1 ATSDR, DHS, ESB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Chron Dis Prevent & Control Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Orr, M (reprint author), ATSDR, DHS, ESB, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 205 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1078/1438-4639-00126 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 541KM UT WOS:000174983800003 PM 12018013 ER PT J AU Stevens, YW Williams-Johnson, MM De Rosa, CT Cibulas, W AF Stevens, YW Williams-Johnson, MM De Rosa, CT Cibulas, W TI Findings and accomplishments of ATSDR's Superfund-mandated Substance-Specific Applied Research Program SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE environmental health; toxicology; hazardous substances; priority data needs; research agenda ID TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE ACTIVITY; REGION-SPECIFIC ALTERATIONS; CENTRAL LOS-ANGELES; BLOOD LEAD LEVELS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; NEW-ORLEANS; RATS; PREGNANCY; LEVEL; LOUISIANA AB Priority research needs determined by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) for the agencys top-ranked hazardous substances are being filled via regulatory mechanisms, private sector voluntarism, and university-based research. To date, 17 studies have been completed, 12 are ongoing, and 12 are currently planned. Under the direction of the Substance-Specific Applied Research Program (SSARP), ATSDR-supported research has filled research needs that significantly improved the information base available for making appropriate public health decisions. With the knowledge and understanding gained from this research, health professionals are better able to identify and interdict significant exposure and mitigate toxicity when exposure occurs. Thus, the SSARP has played, and continues to play, a vital role in contributing towards improving ATSDR's efforts to meet its mission and goals in environmental public health. In addition to addressing research needs of interest to ATSDR, findings from the program have contributed to the overall scientific knowledge about the effects of toxic substances in the environment. C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Toxicol, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stevens, YW (reprint author), US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Toxicol, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM yts1@cdc.gov NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 205 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 39 DI 10.1078/1438-4639-00127 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 541KM UT WOS:000174983800004 PM 12018014 ER PT J AU Tatham, LM Bove, FJ Kaye, WE Spengler, RF AF Tatham, LM Bove, FJ Kaye, WE Spengler, RF TI Population exposures to 1-131 releases from Hanford Nuclear Reservation and preterm birth, infant mortality, and fetal deaths SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Hanford; radiation; iodine-131; preterm birth; infant mortality; fetal death ID THYROID-DISEASE; PREGNANCY; HYPOTHYROIDISM; CHERNOBYL; ACCIDENT; MANAGEMENT; RADIATION; DEFECTS; WEIGHT; MILD AB Communities surrounding the Hanford Nuclear Reservation in southeastern Washington were exposed to radionuclides, particularly iodine-131, released during the period 1945 to 1951. This study evaluated whether estimated iodine-131 exposures were risk factors for infant mortality, fetal death, and preterm birth in the years of highest releases, 1945 and 1946. Data on births, fetal deaths, and infant deaths, during the period 1940 to 1950, were abstracted from vital records for an eight county area surrounding the Hanford facility. The analysis included 56,320 births, 1,656 infant deaths, and 806 fetal deaths. The Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction project provided iodine-131 dose estimates for the 1,102 grid areas in the study area. The grid areas were collapsed into 4 exposure groups using estimated exposure to iodine-131 during 1945. Each birth and death record was assigned to one of the four grid groups based on mother's residence at the time of birth. Comparisons of preterm birth, infant death, and fetal death rates were made among the grid groupings for the primary exposure period (1945 to 1946) and for other years of the study period (i.e., 1940 to1944 and 1947 to 1950). In the grid group with the highest estimated iodine-131 exposures, the mother's residence during the latter part of pregnancy was associated with preterm birth (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.09-2.72). An association with infant mortality (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.79-1.97) was suggested. No association was found for fetal deaths. This study found that iodine-131 exposure was associated with increased risk of preterm birth. This finding is biologically plausible because other studies have found that: (1) iodine-131 exposure can cause hypothyroidism, and (2) overt or subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy can increase a mother's risk of a preterm delivery. C1 ATSDR, DHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ATSDR, OAAS, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bove, FJ (reprint author), ATSDR, DHS, Mailstop E-31,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 205 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1078/1438-4639-00128 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 541KM UT WOS:000174983800005 PM 12018015 ER PT J AU Hicks, HE De Rosa, CT AF Hicks, HE De Rosa, CT TI Great Lakes research - Important human health findings and their impact on ATSDR's Superfund research program SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE toxic substances; Great Lakes; adverse health outcomes; fish consumption ID CONTAMINATED SPORT FISH; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; GESTATIONAL-AGE; CONSUMPTION; PCB; CHILDREN; ONTARIO; PERFORMANCE; POPULATION AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) was created by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980, commonly known as Superfund. ATSDR is the principal United States federal public health agency involved with issues of public health and applied science concerning the human health impact of living in the vicinity of a hazardous waste site, or emergencies resulting from unplanned releases of hazardous substances into community environments. In pursuing these mandates, ATSDR's mission is to prevent exposure and adverse human health effects and diminished quality of life associated with exposure to hazardous substances from waste sites, unplanned releases, and other sources of pollution present in the environment. There are more than 2,000 toxic substances found at hazardous waste sites in the United States. ATSDR has developed a prioritized list of 275 substances that pose the greatest hazard to human health. In conducting its work ATSDR has identified data gaps in knowledge about the toxicity of various hazardous substances as well as gaps in human exposure characterization. As part of its mandate, ATSDR initiated a Substance-Specific Applied Research Program (SSARP) to address these data gaps. The ATSDR Great Lakes Human Health Effects Research Program (GLHHERP) is a congressionally-mandated research program that characterizes exposure to persistent toxic substances and investigates the potential for adverse health outcome in at-risk populations. The research findings from this program in the areas of exposure, sociodemographic data, and health effects have significant public health implications for ATSDR's Superfund research activities. C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hicks, HE (reprint author), US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 205 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 61 DI 10.1078/1438-4639-00129 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 541KM UT WOS:000174983800006 PM 12018016 ER PT J AU El-Masri, HA Mumtaz, MM Choudhary, G Cibulas, W De Rosa, CT AF El-Masri, HA Mumtaz, MM Choudhary, G Cibulas, W De Rosa, CT TI Applications of computational toxicology methods at the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE computational; models; PBPK; QSAR; benchmark; toxicology ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; STRUCTURAL INFORMATION; PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS; RISK ASSESSMENT AB In its efforts to provide consultations to state and local health departments, other federal agencies, health professionals, and the public on the health effects of environmental pollutants, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry relies on the latest advances in computational toxicology. The computational toxicology laboratory at the agency is continually engaged in developing and applying models for decision-support tools such as physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, benchmark dose (BMD) models, and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models. PBPK models are suitable for connecting exposure scenarios to biological indicators such as tissue dose or end point response. The models are used by the agency to identify the significance of exposure routes in producing tissue levels of possible contaminants for people living near hazardous waste sites. Additionally, PBPK models provide a credible scientific methodology for route-to-route extrapolations of health guidance values, which are usually determined from a very specific set of experiments. Also, scientists at the computational toxicology laboratory are using PBPK models for advancing toxicology research in such areas as joint toxicity assessment and child-based toxicity assessments. With BMD modeling, all the information embedded in an experimentally determined dose-response relationship is used to estimate, with minimum extrapolations, human health guidance values for environmental substances. Scientists in the laboratory also rely on QSAR models in the many cases where consultations from the agency are reported for chemicals that lack adequate experimental documentation. C1 ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Computat Toxicol Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP El-Masri, HA (reprint author), ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Computat Toxicol Lab, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 205 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 69 DI 10.1078/1438-4639-00130 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 541KM UT WOS:000174983800007 PM 12018017 ER PT J AU Selene, CH Chou, J Williams, M Jones, D De Rosa, CT AF Selene, CH Chou, J Williams, M Jones, D De Rosa, CT TI Evaluating toxicologic end points to derive minimal risk levels for hazardous substances SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE minimal risk levels; hazardous substances; toxicologic end point; noncancer adverse health effects AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) uses chemical-specific minimal risk levels (MRLs) to assist in evaluating public health risks associated with exposure to hazardous substances. MRLs are estimates of daily human exposure to a chemical that are likely to be without an appreciable risk of adverse noncancer health effects over a specified duration of exposure. MRLs serve as screening levels for health assessors to identify contaminants and potential health effects that may be of concern for populations living near hazardous waste sites and chemical releases. MRLs are derived from toxicologic data compiled from a comprehensive literature search and are presented in ATSDR's toxicological profile for that substance. They are based on the most sensitive substance-induced end point considered to be of relevance to humans. MRLs for each substance are derived for acute (1-14 days), intermediate (15-364 days), and chronic (365 days and longer) exposure durations, and for the oral and inhalation routes of exposure. In this paper, we present an overview of the approach used for evaluating the toxicologic end points in deriving the MRLs. Examples are given to illustrate the agency's efforts to achieve increased understanding, reduced uncertainty and improved public health guidance. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chou, J (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 205 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 75 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 541KM UT WOS:000174983800008 ER PT J AU Spengler, RF Falk, H AF Spengler, RF Falk, H TI Future directions of environmental public health research: ATSDR's 2002-2010 agenda for six priority focus areas SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE environmental health; hazardous waste sites; epidemiology; public health; Superfund; toxic chemicals ID HAZARDOUS-WASTE AB Additional research on human exposures to hazardous substances in community settings and resultant adverse health effects is needed to fill an extensive number of information gaps. For example, information is needed to answer specific public health questions about the toxic effects of specific chemicals, who has been exposed, what the health risks might be, and what interventions are effective. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) is the principal federal agency responsible for addressing issues of public health concerning the human health risks associated with hazardous waste sites and unplanned releases of hazardous substances into the environment. Research is a critical component in how effectively the agency can identify persons exposed, determine health risks, and intervene to reduce exposures and adverse health outcomes. ATSDR has recently developed an agenda for public health environmental research for 2002-2010, divided into the following six research focus areas: exposure assessment; chemical mixtures; susceptible populations; community and tribal involvement; evaluation and surveillance of health effects; and health promotion and intervention. This article discusses the agenda's development, the research issues within each of the six focus areas, and preliminary implementation plans. C1 ATSDR, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Spengler, RF (reprint author), ATSDR, Mail Stop E-28,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 205 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 83 DI 10.1078/1438-4639-00132 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 541KM UT WOS:000174983800009 PM 12018019 ER PT J AU Au, WW Falk, H AF Au, WW Falk, H TI Superfund Research Program - accomplishments and future opportunities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Superfund; health research; hazardous substances; environmental health AB This special issue of the International journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health provides extensive background on the Superfund programs, findings of specific research studies and future directions. Three federal agencies are leading the effort in this program. They are the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. As a result of their collaboration, a comprehensive program has been developed that ranges from basic to applied research with the aim of improving public health services and protection. This paper highlights the research within areas of toxicological investigation, exposure assessment, risk evaluation and engaging communities. Each of the agencies has developed strategies and initiatives to enhance the effectiveness of the Superfund research program. The continuation of research will contribute significantly towards achieving the Healthy People 2010 goals that have been set for the United States. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Div Environm Toxicol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Off Assistant Adm, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Au, WW (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Div Environm Toxicol, 2-102 Ewing Hall-700 Harborside Dr, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 205 IS 1-2 BP 165 EP 168 DI 10.1078/1438-4639-00144 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 541KM UT WOS:000174983800021 PM 12018012 ER PT J AU Sundaram, V Fujiwara, PI Driver, CR Osahan, SS Munsiff, SS AF Sundaram, V Fujiwara, PI Driver, CR Osahan, SS Munsiff, SS TI Yield of continued monthly sputum evaluation among tuberculosis patients after culture conversion SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE sputum; pulmonary tuberculosis; treatment; monitoring ID PULMONARY AB SETTING: New York City. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the yield of continued monthly sputum monitoring after culture conversion. DESIGN: A retrospective review of tuberculosis patients verified between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 1996 who had: 1) pulmonary tuberculosis with organisms susceptible to isoniazid and rifampin; 2) culture conversion; and 3) completed therapy. We assessed time to smear and culture conversion and number of persons who developed a positive culture after culture conversion (culture reversion). RESULTS: Of 1440 patients, 379 were cared for by tuberculosis control program providers and 1061 were cared for by other providers; 813 (56%) were initially smear-positive. After the fifth month, 44 (5.3%) were smear-positive; four of these were culture-positive. Eighteen (1.3%) had culture reversions; eight were smear-positive. Excluding one specimen per patient collected at treatment completion, 7967 sputum samples were collected after culture conversion. The minimum estimated cost per culture reversion detected was $26 557. CONCLUSION: Continued monthly monitoring of sputum after culture conversion identified a very small number of patients who had culture reversion. However, patients who cannot tolerate or adhere to a standard regimen may need continued monitoring to assess response to treatment. For all patients a specimen should be collected at the end of treatment to document cure. C1 New York City Dept Hlth, TB Control Program, New York, NY 10007 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Driver, CR (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth, TB Control Program, 225 Broadway,22nd Floor, New York, NY 10007 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 6 IS 3 BP 238 EP 245 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 537TU UT WOS:000174776300009 PM 11934142 ER PT J AU Tovanabutra, S Robison, V Wongtrakul, J Sennum, S Suriyanon, V Kingkeow, D Kawichai, S Tanan, P Duerr, A Nelson, KE AF Tovanabutra, S Robison, V Wongtrakul, J Sennum, S Suriyanon, V Kingkeow, D Kawichai, S Tanan, P Duerr, A Nelson, KE TI Male viral load and heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 subtype E in northern Thailand SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE heterosexual transmission; HIV-1 subtype E; Thailand; viral load; sexually transmitted infection; hormonal contraception ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; MALE-TO-FEMALE; TRANSFUSION RECIPIENTS; TYPE-1; COUPLES; PARTNERS; INFECTION; RISK; CONTRACEPTION AB We evaluated the association between HIV-1 RNA copies/mL in men and heterosexual transmission to their female partners among 493 couples in Thailand. Husbands were identified as HIV-positive when they were screened as blood donors: nearly all were infected with HIV subtype E. Wives had no known risks for HIV infection other than sex with their husbands. In multivariate analysis, each log(10) increment of HIV RNA in the man was associated with an 81% increased rate of HIV transmission to his wife (odds ratio = 1.81, 95% confidence interval: 1.33-2.48). No transmission occurred at viral loads below 1094 copies/mL. and a dose-response effect was seen with increasing viral load in the man. In multivariate analysis, a history of a sexually transmitted disease in the man or woman, longer duration of hormonal contraceptive use, and the woman's onset of sexual activity at less than 20 years of age were also associated with increased seropositivity of the wife. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21209 USA. Chiang Mai Univ, Res Inst Hlth Sci, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Med, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nelson, KE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, 615 N Wolfe St,E7132, Baltimore, MD 21209 USA. OI Wongtrakul, Jeerang/0000-0002-6718-5041; wongtrakul, jeerang/0000-0003-0775-5150 NR 43 TC 99 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 3 BP 275 EP 283 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 529KX UT WOS:000174299600008 PM 11873077 ER PT J AU Xu, FJ Kilmarx, PH Supawitkul, S Manopaiboon, C Yanpaisarn, S Limpakarnjanarat, K Chaikummao, S Mock, PA Young, NL Mastro, TD AF Xu, FJ Kilmarx, PH Supawitkul, S Manopaiboon, C Yanpaisarn, S Limpakarnjanarat, K Chaikummao, S Mock, PA Young, NL Mastro, TD TI Incidence of HIV-1 infection and effects of clinic-based counseling on HIV preventive behaviors among married women in northern Thailand SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV incidence; heterosexual transmission; women; condom use; HIV testing; partner communication; counseling; cohort study; Thailand ID SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; PREGNANT-WOMEN; YOUNG MEN; EPIDEMIC; BANGKOK AB To determine the incidence of and risk factors HIV-1 infection among married women in northern Thailand, we enrolled 779 seronegative women from family planning clinics and a postpartum ward in Chiang Rai. Thailand, from 1998 through 1999. Women were tested for HIV antibodies at 6 and 12 months after enrollment. They received HIV prevention counseling at enrollment and at each follow-up visit. Counseling covered partner communication, partner HIV testing, and condom use by steady partners. Effects of counseling were measured using standardized questionnaires. Follow-up rates were 946 at 6 months and 92% at 12 months. Only 1 woman seroconverted during the follow-up period, yielding an overall HIV incidence of 0.14 per 100 person-years. After receiving counseling, women reported significantly, increased communication with husbands concerning HIV risk, HIV testing. and condom use during the first 6 months after enrollment communication remained high for 6 to 12 months. Women reported a modest increase in HIV testing and consistent condom use by husbands. The risk for HIV transmission to women in steady relationship,, is low in northern Thailand. Although HIV prevention counseling promoted partner communication. its effects on HIV preventive behaviors were limited. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Provincial Publ Hlth Off, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Chiang Rai Hosp, Chiang Rai, Thailand. RP Xu, FJ (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 3 BP 284 EP 288 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 529KX UT WOS:000174299600009 PM 11873078 ER PT J AU Karpati, AM Rubin, CH Kieszak, SM Marcus, M Troiano, RP AF Karpati, AM Rubin, CH Kieszak, SM Marcus, M Troiano, RP TI Stature and pubertal stage assessment in American boys: The 1988-1994 Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Tanner stage; puberty; stature; boys; growth ID PREVALENCE; OVERWEIGHT; CHILDREN; AGE AB Purpose: To describe current stature and pubertal development in North American boys, and to compare these measures with measures observed approximately 30 years ago. Methods: We analyzed data (i.e., height, weight, and Tanner Stage) from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), conducted between 1988-1994, and compared it to the National Health Examination Survey, Cycles II and III (HES II/III) conducted from 1963-1965 and 1966-1970. The surveys included physical examination and questionnaire components, employed cross-sectional designs, and are nationally representative. We used logistic regression to calculate median age at onset of pubertal stages. Results: NHANES III included 2481 boys aged 8 to IS years. HES II comprised 3010 boys aged 8-11 years and HES III comprised 3514 boys aged 12-17 years. The mean heights of the oldest boys in both surveys did not differ significantly; however, at younger ages, boys in the more recent survey were taller (average height difference among those aged 8-14 years was 2.0 cm). Boys in NHANES III were also heavier and had higher body mass index than those in HES II/III. The median estimated ages of onset of pubertal stages in NHANES III were 9.9, 12.2, 13.6, and 15.8 years for genital stages 2-5, respectively, and 11.9, 12.6, 13.6, and 15.7 years for pubic hair stages 2-5, respectively. For some stages, the median estimated age of onset of puberty was earlier among boys in NHANES III than among those in HES III. Conclusions: Differences in mean height at young ages, but not at older ages, suggest that the rate of growth among boys in NHANES III was faster than that of boys in the earlier surveys. This finding, coupled with the finding of earlier ages of onset of some pubertal stages, suggests that boys of this generation may be maturing more rapidly than did boys in the past. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2002. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Rubin, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Hlth Studies Branch, 1600 CLifton Rd,NE,MS E-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Troiano, Richard/0000-0002-6807-989X NR 25 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD MAR PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 205 EP 212 AR PII S1054-139X(01)00320-2 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(01)00320-2 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 526AF UT WOS:000174105700014 PM 11869928 ER PT J AU Zimmer, AT Baron, PA Biswas, P AF Zimmer, AT Baron, PA Biswas, P TI The influence of operating parameters on number-weighted aerosol size distribution generated from a gas metal arc welding process SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE welding; fumes; arc; spatter ID INCREASED PULMONARY TOXICITY; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES AB in light of recent research on the potential health problems associated with sub-micrometer aerosols, a study was conducted to determine the effect that droplet mass transfer mode, shield gas composition, and welding spatter had upon the aerosols generated from a Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) Operation. The results revealed that the sub-micrometer aerosols produced during spray transfer resulted in markedly higher concentrations of nucleated particles than those produced during globular transfer. This probably resulted from a larger droplet surface area for vaporization of metallic species. The shield gas experiments results revealed that as the percentage of carbon dioxide increased the number of nucleated particles also increased. It appears that oxygen may have facilitated chemical reactions with the alloy constituents, thereby increasing the mass transfer rate from the evaporating metal droplets in the plasma. Finally, an attempt to characterize the spatter aerosol revealed a distinct particle size distribution with a mode particle diameter of 6.8 mum. This particle size distribution appeared to be independent of shield gas composition, and the particle number concentration was significantly smaller than the sub-micrometer aerosols formed during the GMAW process (i.e., two-orders of magnitude smaller when weighted by particle mass). Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Civil Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Zimmer, AT (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 19 TC 65 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 3 BP 519 EP 531 AR PII S0021-8502(01)00189-6 DI 10.1016/S0021-8502(01)00189-6 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 522DX UT WOS:000173881400009 ER PT J AU Saxena, RK Weissman, D Simpson, J Lewis, DM AF Saxena, RK Weissman, D Simpson, J Lewis, DM TI Murine model of BCG lung infection: Dynamics of lymphocyte subpopulations in lung interstitium and tracheal lymph nodes SO JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE BCG; interferon response; lung infection; lymph nodes; Murine model; NK cells; T cells; tuberculosis ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; CALMETTE-GUERIN; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; MICE; CELLS; RESISTANCE; PROTECTION; IL-12; ORGAN AB C57B1/6 female mice were infected with an intrapulmonary dose of 2.5 x 10(4) BCG (Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin). Lymphocyte populations in lung interstitium and lung-associated tracheal lymph nodes (LN) were examined at 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 12 weeks after infection. BCG load in lungs peaked between 4-6 weeks post-infection and declined to very low levels by the 12th week of infection. Lung leukocytes were obtained over the course of infection by enzyme digestion of lung tissue followed by centrifugation over Percoll discontinuous density gradients. By 4 to 6 weeks after infection, numbers of lung leukocytes had more than doubled but the proportions of lymphocytes (about 70%), macrophages (about 18%) and granulocytes (about 12%) remained essentially unaltered. Flow cytometric studies indicated: (i) the total number of CD3(+)T cells in lungs increased by 3-fold relative to uninfected controls at 5 to 6 weeks post-infection, but the relative proportions of CD4 and CD8 cells within the T cell compartment remained unaltered; (ii) relative proportion of NK cells in lungs declined by 30% but the total number of NK cells (NK1.1(+)) per lung increased by about 50%, 5-6 weeks post infection; (iii) tracheal LN underwent marked increase in size and cell recoveries (6-10-fold increase) beginning 4 weeks after infection. While both T and B cells contributed to the increase in cell recoveries from infected tracheal LNs, the T/B ratio declined significantly but CD4/CD8 ratio remained unaltered. In control mice, IFNgamma producing non-T cells outnumbered T cells producing IFNgamma. However, as the adaptive response to infection evolves, marked increase occur in the number of IFNgamma producing T cells, but not NK cells in the lungs. Thus, T cells are the primary cell type responsible for the adaptive IFNgamma response to pulmonary BCG infection. Few T cells in tracheal LN of BCG infected mice produce IFNgamma, suggesting that maturational changes associated with migration to the lungs or residence in the lungs enhance the capability of some T cells to produce this cytokine. C1 Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Sch Life Sci, New Delhi 110067, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Analyt Serv Branch, HELD, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Saxena, RK (reprint author), Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Sch Life Sci, New Delhi 110067, India. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA P B 8005 C V RAMAN AVENUE, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0250-5991 J9 J BIOSCIENCES JI J. Biosci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 27 IS 2 BP 143 EP 153 DI 10.1007/BF02703771 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 563PY UT WOS:000176265800012 PM 11937685 ER PT J AU Hardwick, TH Plikaytis, B Cassiday, PK Cage, G Peppler, MS Shea, D Boxrud, D Sanden, GN AF Hardwick, TH Plikaytis, B Cassiday, PK Cage, G Peppler, MS Shea, D Boxrud, D Sanden, GN TI Reproducibility of Bordetella pertussis genomic DNA fragments generated by XbaI restriction and resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHOOPING-COUGH; UNITED-STATES; ORGANISMS; EPIDEMIC AB The intra- and interlaboratory variabilities of the molecular, size measurements of each DNA fragment contributing to three pulsed-field get electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles were assessed, as were the reproducibilities of the entire PFGE profiles for three Bordetella pertussis strains. The major source of variability within a laboratory occurred between subcultures rather than within gels or between gels. Each PFGE profile was generated reproducibly and was objectively defined by the molecular sizes of its composite fragments. A strain or profile most suitable for use as an internal reference standard was identified:. C1 CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Dept Clin Microbiol, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. Canada Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Edmonton, AB, Canada. State Lab Inst, Diagnost Labs, Massachusetts State Publ Hlth Lab, Jamaica Plain, MA USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Microbiol Lab, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Sanden, GN (reprint author), CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Mailstop D-11,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3 BP 811 EP 816 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.3.811-816.2002 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 528HP UT WOS:000174238600013 PM 11880398 ER PT J AU Fonjungo, PN Mpoudi, EN Torimiro, JN Alemnji, GA Eno, LT Lyonga, EJ Nkengasong, JN Lal, RB Rayfield, M Kalish, ML Folks, TM Pieniazek, D AF Fonjungo, PN Mpoudi, EN Torimiro, JN Alemnji, GA Eno, LT Lyonga, EJ Nkengasong, JN Lal, RB Rayfield, M Kalish, ML Folks, TM Pieniazek, D TI Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M protease in Cameroon: Genetic diversity and protease inhibitor mutational features SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY; CENTRAL-AFRICA; HIV TYPE-1; SUBTYPE-A; GROUP-O; RESISTANCE; INFECTIONS; SEQUENCE; MANAGEMENT; STRAINS AB To establish a baseline for monitoring resistance to protease inhibitors (PIs) and examining the efficacy of their use among persons in Cameroon infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), we analyzed genetic variability and PI resistance-associated substitutions, in PCR-amplified protease (PR) sequences in strains isolated from 110 HIV-1-infected, drug-naive Cameroonians. Of the 110 strains, 85 were classified into six HIV-1 PR subtypes, A (n = 1), B (n = 1), F (n = 4), G (n = 7), H (n = 1), and J (n = 7), and a circulating recombinant form, CRF02-AG (n = 64). PR genes from the remaining 25 (23%) specimens were unclassifiable, whereas 2% (7 of 301) unclassifiable PR sequences were reported for a global collection. Two major PI resistance-associated mutations, 20M and 241, were detected in strains from only two specimens, whereas secondary mutations were found in strains from all samples except one strain of subtype B and two strains of CRF02-AG. The secondary mutations showed the typical PI resistance-associated pattern for non-subtype B viruses in both classifiable and unclassifiable PR genes, with 361 being the predominant (99%) mutation, followed by 63P (18%), 20R (15%), 771 (13%), and 10I or 10V (11%). Of these mutations, dual and triple PI resistance-associated substitutions were found in 38% of all the Cameroonian strains. Compared with classifiable PR sequences, unclassifiable, sequences had significantly more dual and triple substitutions (64% versus 30%; P = 0.004). Phenotypic and clinical evaluations are needed to estimate whether PI resistance during antiretroviral drug treatment occurs more rapidly in individuals infected with HIV-1 strains harboring multiple PI resistance-associated substitutions. This information may be important for determination of appropriate drug therapies for HIV-1-infected persons in Cameroon, where more than one-third of HIV-1 strains were found to carry dual and triple minor PI resistance-associated mutations. C1 CDCP, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hop Mil Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon. Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. RP Pieniazek, D (reprint author), CDCP, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 40 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3 BP 837 EP 845 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.3.837-845.2002 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 528HP UT WOS:000174238600017 PM 11880402 ER PT J AU Liz, JS Sumner, JW Pfister, K Brossard, M AF Liz, JS Sumner, JW Pfister, K Brossard, M TI PCR detection and serological evidence of granulocytic ehrlichial infection in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; IXODES-RICINUS TICKS; BURGDORFERI SENSU-LATO; LYME BORRELIOSIS PATIENTS; CHAFFEENSIS RICKETTSIALES; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; REACTIVE ANTIBODIES; SOUTHERN INDIANA; RESERVOIR HOSTS AB The role of wild mammals, such as roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), in the epidemiology of granulocytic ehrlichiae in Switzerland was investigated. We tested blood samples for Ehrlichia phagoeytophila genogroup 16S rRNA gene sequences by PCR and for immunoglobulin G antibodies against granulocytic ehrlichiae by indirect fluorescent-antibody assay (IFA). Overall means of 60.9% of 133 roe deer serum samples and 28.2% of 39 chamois serum samples were seroreactive by IFA. PCR results were positive for 18.4% of 103 roe deer serum samples as well. None of the 24 chamois blood samples tested were positive by PCR. Partial 16S rRNA gene and groESL heat shock operon sequences of three roe deer samples tested showed strong degrees of homology (greater than or equal to99.7 and greater than or equal to98.6%, respectively) with the sequences of granulocytic ehrlichiae isolated from humans. These results confirm that chamois, and particularly roe deer, are commonly infected with granulocytic ehrlichiae and provide evidence that these wild mammals are potential reservoirs for granulocytic ehrlichiae in Switzerland. C1 Univ Neuchatel, Inst Zool, Dept Immunol, CH-2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland. CDCP, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Liz, JS (reprint author), Univ Neuchatel, Inst Zool, Dept Immunol, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH-2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland. NR 54 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3 BP 892 EP 897 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.3.892-897.2002 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 528HP UT WOS:000174238600026 PM 11880411 ER PT J AU Espinoza, L Beltrani, ED Barker, LK Reifel, N AF Espinoza, L Beltrani, ED Barker, LK Reifel, N TI Assessing pocker depth: Comparison of CPITN with site-specific measurement of attachment loss (LOA). SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 0788 BP A120 EP A120 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024700782 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, CD Pruhs, RJ Hjertstedt, J Beltran, ED AF Gonzalez, CD Pruhs, RJ Hjertstedt, J Beltran, ED TI Caries prevalence in rural children in the Republic of Georgia. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Marquette Univ, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 0142 BP A46 EP A46 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024700143 ER PT J AU Peke Beck, JD Madianos, PN Offenbacher, S AF Peke Beck, JD Madianos, PN Offenbacher, S TI IgG antibody levels to periodontal organisms and coronary heart disease (CHD). SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 0237 BP A57 EP A57 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024700237 ER PT J AU Tewogbade, A Griffini, SO Beltran, ED AF Tewogbade, A Griffini, SO Beltran, ED TI Cost effectiveness of providing fluoride varnish to Medicaid preschoolers. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 2057 BP A265 EP A265 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024702037 ER PT J AU Thornton-Evans, GO Eke, PI Barker, LK AF Thornton-Evans, GO Eke, PI Barker, LK TI Characteristics of dentate adults and dental visit patterns for teeth cleaning - Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 1999. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 2072 BP A267 EP A267 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024702052 ER PT J AU Warpeha, R Beltran, ED AF Warpeha, R Beltran, ED TI Opacities compatible with enamel fluorosis in Jamaican school children. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Minist Hlth, Jamaica, NY USA. CDC, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 1641 BP A218 EP A218 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024701626 ER PT J AU Inserra, S Phifer, B Pierson, R Campagna, D AF Inserra, S Phifer, B Pierson, R Campagna, D TI Community-based exposure estimate for hydrogen sulfide SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air modeling; air monitoring; environmental monitoring; exposure assessment; GIS; hydrogen sulfide; kriging ID OZONE AB Indoor and outdoor air pollution monitoring may indicate potential human exposure to air contaminants. Individual and population exposures to air contaminants depend upon many factors including time spent outdoors and indoors, permeability of housing structures, and mobility within a community. In this report, we illustrate an approach for using long-term air monitoring to establish patterns or changes of environmental exposures, improve validity and representativeness of data, and prevent exposure misclassification. Long-term air monitoring for hydrogen sulfide (11,S) at 14 Dakota City, Nebraska, residences identified differences in area-wide concentration levels, geographic locations, and seasonal exposures. Air data for 1999 indicated that Dakota City residents were repeatedly exposed, both indoors and outdoors, to moderate levels( greater than or equal to90 parts per billion [ppb])of H2S. Using GIS modeling and kriging,we produced a geographic gradient of exposure estimate or map forambient H2S. These findings formed the basis for designing two health investigations for this community. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Hlth Invest Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Lockheed Martin Corp, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. RP Inserra, S (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Hlth Invest Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2 BP 124 EP 129 DI 10.1038/sj/jea/7500207 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 542GX UT WOS:000175036100005 PM 11965529 ER PT J AU Steketee, RW AF Steketee, RW TI Malaria prevention in pregnancy: When will the prevention programme respond to the science SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH POPULATION AND NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; PRIMIGRAVIDAE; INFECTION; PLACENTA; AFRICA; GAMBIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, DPD, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Steketee, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, DPD, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I C D D R B-CENTRE HEALTH POPULATION RESEARCH PI DHAKA PA MOHAKHALI, 1212 DHAKA, BANGLADESH SN 1606-0997 J9 J HEALTH POPUL NUTR JI J. Heatlh Popul. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 20 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 548WG UT WOS:000175412400001 PM 12022152 ER PT J AU Mathema, B Bifani, PJ Driscoll, J Steinlein, L Kurepina, N Moghazeh, SL Shashkina, E Marras, SA Campbell, S Mangura, B Shilkret, K Crawford, JT Frothingham, R Kreiswirth, BN AF Mathema, B Bifani, PJ Driscoll, J Steinlein, L Kurepina, N Moghazeh, SL Shashkina, E Marras, SA Campbell, S Mangura, B Shilkret, K Crawford, JT Frothingham, R Kreiswirth, BN TI Identification and evolution of an IS6110 low-copy-number Mycobacterium tuberculosis cluster SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID STRAIN DIFFERENTIATION; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; COMPLEX STRAINS; SEQUENCE; TRANSMISSION; POLYMORPHISM; OUTBREAK; DISSEMINATION; PATTERNS; MARKERS AB A cohort of 56 patients infected with related strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the S75 group, was identified in a New Jersey population-based study of all isolates with a low number of copies of the insertion element IS6110. Genotyping was combined with surveillance data to identify the S75 group and to elucidate its recent evolution. The S75 group had similar demographic and geographic characteristics. Seventeen persons (30%) were linked epidemiologically. The S75 group was segregated from other low-copy-number isolates on the basis of several independent molecular methods. This group included 3 IS6110 genotype variants: BE, H6, and C28, containing 1, 2, and 3 IS6110 insertions, respectively. IS6110 insertion site mapping and comparative sequence analysis strongly suggest a stepwise acquisition of IS6110 elements from BE to H6 to C28. S75 represents a locally produced strain cluster that has recently evolved. The combination of multiple molecular tools with traditional epidemiology provides novel insights into dissemination, local transmission, and evolution of M. tuberculosis. C1 Publ Hlth Res Inst City New York Inc, TB Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Isosceles Informat Solut, Manotick, ON, Canada. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Natl TB Ctr, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Communicable Dis Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Kreiswirth, BN (reprint author), Publ Hlth Res Inst City New York Inc, TB Ctr, 455 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA. NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 5 BP 641 EP 649 DI 10.1086/339345 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 521YL UT WOS:000173868900010 PM 11865421 ER PT J AU Wallace, WE Gupta, NC Hubbs, AF Mazza, SM Bishop, HA Keane, MJ Battelli, LA Ma, J Schleiff, P AF Wallace, WE Gupta, NC Hubbs, AF Mazza, SM Bishop, HA Keane, MJ Battelli, LA Ma, J Schleiff, P TI Cis-4-[F-18]fluoro-L-proline PET imaging of pulmonary fibrosis in a rabbit model SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE PET; fluoro-L-proline; silicosis; pulmonary fibrosis ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; INTRATRACHEALLY INSTILLED QUARTZ; MORPHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS; EXPERIMENTAL SILICOSIS; COLLAGEN-METABOLISM; LUNG-DISEASE; RAT LUNGS AB A fluorinated analog of proline amino acid, cis-4-[F-18]fluoro-L-proline (FP), was tested for potential use in PET for detection and evaluation of pulmonary response to respirable crystalline silica. The purpose of the study was to determine whether PET imaging with FP is sensitive for detection of pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: Experimental silicosis was produced in rabbits by airway instillation of 300 mg respirable silica in 0.9% sterile saline; control rabbits received only saline. After 1, 2, 4, or 5 mo, animals were injected with 37 MBq (1 mCi) FP, and imaged in sets of 2 to 3 in a PET scanner using a dynamic scanning protocol over a 3-h period. Each imaging set contained at least 1 control rabbit. FP uptake in each lung was scored from 0 to 5 (PET score) by consensus of 3 readers blinded to animals' exposure status. Animals were humanely killed 2 d after the last imaging, and tissue sections from each lung lobe were graded from 0 to 5 by, histopathology examination (histopathology score) for severity and distribution of fibrosis. Results: Silicotic animals had significantly higher (P < 0.05) PET scores at each time point than did control animals. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant differences in PET scores between silicotic and control animals for the total lung field, but there were no statistically significant time trends for either group. Presence of fibrosis (i.e., histopathology score > 1) showed a significant association with elevated PET score (i.e., PET score > 1) using Fisher's exact test (P < 0.05). PET scores also showed excellent predictive ability, as all animals (18/18) with fibrosis also had elevated PET scores, and 95% (18/19) of animals with PET scores > 1 showed evidence of fibrosis. Localization of activity to specific lung areas was less exact, perhaps due in part to the small animal size for the resolution of the clinical PET imager used. PET scores were elevated (>1) for 67% (10/15) of silicotic right lungs and 75% (12/16) of silicotic left lungs; fibrosis scores > I were measured in 91% (10/11) of right lungs with PET scores > 1, and in 92% (12/13) of such left lungs. Conclusion: The FP tracer provided sensitive and specific identification of silicotic animals in early stages of the disease. This suggests that FP PET imaging has the potential sensitivity to detect active fibrosis in silicosis and other lung diseases. Additional studies are needed to determine the specificity of the FP tracer for fibrosis versus inflammatory processes. C1 W Virginia Univ, PET Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Gupta, NC (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, PET Ctr, POB 9236,Hlth Sci Ctr S, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 43 IS 3 BP 413 EP 420 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 530BH UT WOS:000174335400024 PM 11884503 ER PT J AU Hales, T Boal, WL Ross, CS AF Hales, T Boal, WL Ross, CS TI Hepatitis C virus infection among public safety workers SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; EXPOSURE C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Hales, T (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 44 IS 3 BP 221 EP 222 DI 10.1097/00043764-200203000-00004 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 530QQ UT WOS:000174370800004 PM 11911021 ER PT J AU Collins, J Robin, L Wooley, S Fenley, D Hunt, P Taylor, J Haber, D Kolbe, L AF Collins, J Robin, L Wooley, S Fenley, D Hunt, P Taylor, J Haber, D Kolbe, L TI Programs-that-work: CDC's guide to effective programs that reduce health-risk behavior of youth SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS; PREVENTION PROGRAM; HIV-INFECTION; MULTICOMPONENT; INTERVENTION; PROJECT; IMPACT AB In response to requests from educators for effective programs that reduce health-risk behavior among youth, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention initiated "Programs-That-Work" (PTW) in 1992 to identify health education programs with credible evidence of effectiveness. CDC identified as PTW two programs to reduce tobacco use and eight programs to reduce sexual risk behaviors. Eligible programs undergo a two-step external review to examine quality of the research evidence and the extent to which the programs are practical for use by health educators. If CDC identifies a program as a PTW on the basis of external review, the program is packaged and made available,for dissemination to education and youth agencies. Communities ultimately make the decision about adopting a program, and CDC does not require their use. Thousands of educators have sought information about PTW through the CDC web site, informational brochures, and training. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Amer Sch Hlth Assoc, Kent, OH 44240 USA. CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Sch Programs Sect, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. ETR Associates, Santa Cruz, CA 95061 USA. Educ Dev Ctr, Ctr Sch Hlth Programs, Newton, MA 02158 USA. RP Collins, J (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Director, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS-K40, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD MAR PY 2002 VL 72 IS 3 BP 93 EP 99 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 538FL UT WOS:000174804500001 PM 11962230 ER PT J AU Presley, CA Meilman, PW Leichliter, JS AF Presley, CA Meilman, PW Leichliter, JS TI College factors that influence drinking SO JOURNAL OF STUDIES ON ALCOHOL LA English DT Article ID ALCOHOL-USE; BINGE-DRINKING; STUDENTS; CONSEQUENCES; INVOLVEMENT; ATHLETICS; PATTERNS; ABUSE AB Objective: The purpose of this article is to examine the aspects of collegiate environments, rather than student characteristics. that influence drinking. Unfortunately, the existing literature is scant on this topic. Method: A literature review of articles primarily published within the last 10 years. along with some earlier "landmarks" studies of collegiate drinking in the United States, was conducted to determine institutional factors that influence the consumption of alcohol. In addition. a demonstration analysis of Core Alcohol and Drug Survey research findings was conducted to further elucidate the issues. Results: Several factors have been shown to relate to drinking: (1) organizational property variables of campuses. including affiliations (historically black institutions. women's institutions). presence of a Greek system. athletics and 2- or 4-year designation; (2) physical and behavioral property variables of campuses. including type of residence, institution size, location and quantity of heavy episodic drinking; and (3) campus community property variables, including pricing and availability and outlet density. Studies. however, tend to took at individual variables one at a time rather than in combination (multivariate analyses). Some new analyses, using Core Alcohol and Drug Survey data sits, are presented as examples of promising approaches to future research. Conclusions: Given the complexities of campus environments, it continues to be a challenge to the field to firmly establish the most compelling institutional and environmental factors relating to high-risk collegiate drinking. C1 So Illinois Univ, Student Hlth Programs, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Meilman, PW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU ALCOHOL RES DOCUMENTATION INC CENT ALCOHOL STUD RUTGERS UNIV PI PISCATAWAY PA C/O DEIRDRE ENGLISH, 607 ALLISON RD, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8001 USA SN 0096-882X J9 J STUD ALCOHOL JI J. Stud. Alcohol PD MAR PY 2002 SU 14 BP 82 EP 90 PG 9 WC Substance Abuse; Psychology SC Substance Abuse; Psychology GA 548KN UT WOS:000175387300008 PM 12022732 ER PT J AU Brennan, PF Yasnoff, WA AF Brennan, PF Yasnoff, WA TI Medical informatics and preparedness SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yasnoff, WA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K36, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 202 EP 203 DI 10.1197/jamia.M1060 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA 541ZW UT WOS:000175018400015 PM 11861635 ER PT J AU Bettinger, JA AF Bettinger, JA TI Defining short- and long-term travel SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Geosentinel Surveillance Network, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bettinger, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Geosentinel Surveillance Network, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 111 EP 111 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 541TG UT WOS:000175000000013 PM 12056394 ER PT J AU Saraiya, M Lee, NC Blackman, D Smith, MJ Morrow, B Mckenna, MT AF Saraiya, M Lee, NC Blackman, D Smith, MJ Morrow, B Mckenna, MT TI An assessment of pap smears and hysterectomies among women in the United States SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CERVICAL-CANCER; DISEASE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, EHSRB, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Klemm Anal Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Saraiya, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, EHSRB, 4770 Buford Highway K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 11 IS 2 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1089/152460902753645245 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 537FJ UT WOS:000174748000003 PM 11975858 ER PT J AU Backer, LC AF Backer, LC TI Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs): Developing a public health response SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE blue-green algae; cyanobacteria; cyanobacterial toxins; cyanotoxins; drinking water ID BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; WATER; TOXINS; LAKE; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; PEPTIDE; BRAZIL; LR AB Cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae, are ancient photosynthetic organisms that grow in brackish or fresh water. Species within several genera and some strains within these species produce potent toxins that can induce severe illness in animals and people. Although cyanobacterial toxins (cyanotoxins) are important environmental contaminants, public health activities are limited to emergency responses to specific poisoning events. However, more longterm public health issues, such as cyanotoxins in drinking water, have also been identified. The potential for human exposure to cyanobacterial toxins through their drinking water has been inadequately evaluated, and the public health impact from exposure to these toxins remains unknown. The response to this emerging issue will include assessing exposure, conducting epidemiologic research, and providing public health interventions. C1 Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Backer, LC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 65 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 18 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 20 EP 31 PG 12 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 606HX UT WOS:000178729500003 ER PT J AU Monteiro, FA Lazoski, C Noireau, F Sole-Cava, AM AF Monteiro, FA Lazoski, C Noireau, F Sole-Cava, AM TI Allozyme relationships among ten species of Rhodniini, showing paraphyly of Rhodnius including Psammolestes SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Psammolestes; Rhodnius; Chagas disease; Hemiptera; Reduviidae; Rhodniini; Triatominae; isoenzymes; molecular systematics; paraphyly; phylogeny; vector; Brazil; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru ID TRIATOMINE BUGS HEMIPTERA; CHAGAS-DISEASE; SEQUENCE VARIATION; REDUVIIDAE; VARIABILITY; VECTORS; DNA; ELECTROPHORESIS; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Genetic relationships among 10 species of bugs belonging to the tribe Rhodniini (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), including some important vectors of Chagas disease, were inferred from allozyme analysis of 12 enzyme loci (out of 21 enzyme systems examined), using agarose gel electrophoresis. These species formed two clusters: one comprising Rhodnius brethesi, R. ecuadoriensis, R. pallescens and R. pictipes; the other with Psammolestes tertius, Rhodnius domesticus and the Rhodnius prolixus group comprising R. nasutus, R. neglectus, R. prolixus and R. robustus. The resulting tree was [((R. ecuadoriensis, R. pallescens) R. brethesi) R. pictipes], [R. domesticus (P. tertius {(R. nasutus, R. neglectus) (R. prolixus, R. robustus)})]. Rhodnius nasutus and R. neglectus differed by only one locus, whereas no diagnostic loci were detected between R. prolixus and R. robustus (22 loci were analysed for these four species), despite considerable DNA sequence divergence between species in each of these pairs. Allozymes of the R. prolixus group showed,greater similarity with Psammolestes tertius than with other Rhodnius spp., indicating that Rhodnius is paraphyletic and might include Psammolestes. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Genet, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Entomol, LNIRTT, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Inst Rech Dev, Montpellier, France. RP Monteiro, FA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Entomol Branch, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RI Sole-Cava, Antonio /G-4209-2011; Lazoski, Cristiano/H-6192-2013 OI Sole-Cava, Antonio /0000-0003-0363-5821; NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1046/j.0269-283x.2002.00343.x PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 539XJ UT WOS:000174897600010 PM 11963985 ER PT J AU Adams, KJ Chavasse, DC Mount, DL Carneiro, IA Curtis, CF AF Adams, KJ Chavasse, DC Mount, DL Carneiro, IA Curtis, CF TI Comparative insecticidal power of three pyrethroids on netting SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles gambiae; Culex quinquefasciatus; alphacypermethrin; bednets; bioassays; cyfluthrin; deltamethrin; insecticide potency; mosquitoes; pyrethroids; Africa ID BEDNETS AB Adult mosquitoes, Anopheles gambiae Giles and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae), were exposed for 3 min to replicate samples of polyester netting cut from replicate bednets treated with pyrethroid insecticide formulations at the recommended concentration (alphacypermethrin SC at 40 mg ai/m(2); eyfluthrin EW at 50 mg ai/m(2); deltamethrin WT at 25 mg ai/m(2)), or treated with only a quarter of those dosages. After 4 months domestic use of the bednets in Malawi, chemical assays showed that pyrethroid deposits on the netting were somewhat less than the target concentrations. Comparing the pyrethroid bioassay results with Anopheles at both treatment concentrations, deltamethrin gave significantly higher mortality (99.7-100%) than the other compounds (alphacypermethrin 94-96%, cyfluthrin 80-89%). Culex bioassay mortality was lower (alphacypermethrin 56-74%; cyfluthrin 63-65%; deltamethrin 50-81%) and results with the three pyrethroid insecticides at their recommended doses did not differ significantly. C1 Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England. Populat Serv Int, Blantyre, Malawi. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Curtis, CF (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 106 EP 108 DI 10.1046/j.0269-283x.2002.00341.x PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 539XJ UT WOS:000174897600013 PM 11963974 ER PT J AU Wu, JZ Herzog, W Hasler, EM AF Wu, JZ Herzog, W Hasler, EM TI Inadequate placement of osteochondral plugs may induce abnormal stress-strain distributions in articular cartilage - finite element simulations SO MEDICAL ENGINEERING & PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; JOINT; COMPRESSION; DEFECTS; RABBIT; MODEL AB The transplantation of osteochondral (cartilage-bone) plugs is an alternative approach to treat local, full thickness cartilage defects in young patients. It is technically difficult to control the amount of the press fit tolerance and the position of the osteochondral (OC) plug in the recipient hole. Inadequate placement of the OC plugs may produce abnormal stress and strain distributions within the cartilage, and thus influence the regeneration of the injured cartilage site and the maintenance of opposing, healthy cartilage surfaces. In the present study, the influence of press fit tolerance and the placement of the OC plug on the joint contact mechanics was simulated using finite element methods. The joint was assumed to be axi-symmetric with a spherical femur and tibia and a cylindrical OC plug. Our simulations showed that small misplacements of the OC plug induced abnormal tension in the articular cartilage of the opposing, healthy cartilage surface. Such tension might induce unpredictable adaptations, or possibly degenerations, in the opposing cartilage layer, The contact stress profiles in the joint were predicted to change discontinuously across the plug/recipient interface, even when the plug was perfectly placed in the recipient hole, i.e., the plug's surface was aligned with the recipient surface. For a fixed coefficient of friction and a fixed fit tolerance, the maximal sliding force was predicted to vary with the size of the plug and reached a maximum at a specific plug diameter. The present simulations should be helpful for the design of instruments for osteochondral transplantation and placement of OC plugs, for understanding articular cartilage adaptation following osteochondral repair, and for providing insight into the mechanics at the transplant/recipient interface where proper integration of the plug into the joint is most problematic. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of IPEM. C1 CDC, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ Calgary, Fac Kinesiol, Human Performance Lab, Calgary, AB, Canada. Sulzer Orthoped Ltd, Baar, Switzerland. RP Wu, JZ (reprint author), CDC, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd MS 2027, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1350-4533 J9 MED ENG PHYS JI Med. Eng. Phys. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 24 IS 2 BP 85 EP 97 AR PII S1350-4533(01)00122-9 DI 10.1016/S1350-4533(01)00122-9 PG 13 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 542VW UT WOS:000175065800001 PM 11886827 ER PT J AU Vargas-Serrato, E Barnwell, JW Ingravallo, P Perler, FB Galinski, MR AF Vargas-Serrato, E Barnwell, JW Ingravallo, P Perler, FB Galinski, MR TI Merozoite surface protein-9 of Plasmodium vivax and related simian malaria parasites is orthologous to p101/ABRA of P-falciparum SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium vivax; malaria; vaccine; merozoite surface protein; ABRA; p101 ID BASIC REPEAT ANTIGEN; DUFFY BLOOD-GROUP; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; MOLECULAR VARIATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CLEAVAGE SITES; IDENTIFICATION; COMPLEX; GENE; PREDICTION AB Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-9 (Pvmsp-9) is characterized here along with orthologues from the related simian malarias Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium knowlesi. We show that although the corresponding MSP-9 proteins do not have acidic-basic repeated amino acid (aa) motifs, they are related to the Plasmodium falciparum acidic-basic repeat antigen (ABRA) also known as p101. Recognition of this new interspecies Plasmodium MSP family stems from the prior identification of related MSP termed PvMSP-185. PcyMSP-150, and PkMSP-110 on the surface of P. vivax, P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi merozoites. A clone containing the nearly complete P. knowlesi gene encoding PkMSP-110/MSP-9 provided a hybridization probe and initial sequence information for the design of primers to obtain the P. vivax and P. cynomolgi orthologues using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification strategies. The P. vivax. P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi msp-9 genes encode proteins that range in calculated molecular mass from 80 to 107 kDa, have typical eukaryotic signal peptides and diverse repeated motifs present immediately upstream of their termination codon. Another feature conserved among these proteins, including the P. falciparum ABRA protein, is the positions of four cysteine residues near the N-terminus, suggesting this conservation maintains structural and perhaps functional characteristics in the MSP-9 family. Rabbit polyclonal antisera raised against recombinantly expressed N-termini of P. knowlesi and P. vivax MSP-9 cross-react with the counterpart proteins in immunofluorescence and immunoblot assays. Comparative interspecies investigations of the potential role(s) of Plasmodium MSP-9 in merozoite invasion of erythrocytes and as a malaria vaccine candidate can now be pursued. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Emory Univ, Yerkes Primate Res Ctr, Emory Vaccine Res Ctr, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. New England Biolabs Inc, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. Schering Plough Corp, Res Inst, Kenilworth, NJ 07033 USA. RP Galinski, MR (reprint author), Emory Univ, Yerkes Primate Res Ctr, Emory Vaccine Res Ctr, Dept Med, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM galinski@rmy.emory.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI24710-15] NR 46 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 EI 1872-9428 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 120 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(01)00433-9 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 529RL UT WOS:000174312300004 PM 11849704 ER PT J AU Simpson, JA Aarons, L Collins, WE Jeffery, GM White, NJ AF Simpson, JA Aarons, L Collins, WE Jeffery, GM White, NJ TI Population dynamics of untreated Plasmodium falciparum malaria within the adult human host during the expansion phase of the infection SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; parasite multiplication rate; periodicity; nonlinear mixed effects modelling ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MULTIPLICATION; MODEL; VIVAX AB A retrospective analysis was performed of parasite count data recorded from the first 7 days of blood or mosquito transmitted Plasmodium falciparum infections given for the treatment of neurosyphilis in the USA before 1963. The objective of this study was to characterize initial growth dynamics before host defences have significant effects oil the infecting parasite population. Of the 328 patients' data available for analysis, 83 were excluded because they had received anti-malarial treatment during the first 7 days of the patent infection. Nonlinear mixed effects modelling was performed to estimate the parameters of interest; 'parasite multiplication rate per 48 h' (PMR), and length of the parasite life-cycle (periodicity). The parasitaemia versus time profiles showed great variability between patients. The mean population estimate of 'PMR' was approximately 8, and was highly dependent on the P. falciparum 'strain'. PMR also varied significantly between patients with a 90% prediction interval varying from 5.5 to 12.3-fold. Both intrinsic parasite multiplication rate (an intrinsic virulence determinant), and host susceptibility and defence contribute to expansion of the parasite biomass and thus disease severity in falciparum malaria. C1 Univ Aberdeen, Dept Gen Pract & Primary Care, Aberdeen AB25 2AY, Scotland. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok, Thailand. Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford, England. Univ Manchester, Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. US PHS, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Simpson, JA (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Dept Gen Pract & Primary Care, Foresterhill Hlth Care Westburn Rd, Aberdeen AB25 2AY, Scotland. EM j.a.simpson@abdn.ac.uk RI White, Nicholas/I-4629-2012; Simpson, Julie/P-7299-2014; OI Simpson, Julie/0000-0002-2660-2013 NR 41 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 EI 1469-8161 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD MAR PY 2002 VL 124 BP 247 EP 263 DI 10.1017/S0031182001001202 PN 3 PG 17 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 540JD UT WOS:000174925000003 PM 11922427 ER PT J AU Thompson, NJ Sleet, D Sacks, JJ AF Thompson, NJ Sleet, D Sacks, JJ TI Increasing the use of bicycle helmets: lessons from behavioral science SO PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING LA English DT Article DE bicycle helmets; head protective devices; injury prevention; behavioral interventions theory ID HEAD-INJURIES; SAFETY HELMETS; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; EDUCATION; PROMOTION; COMMUNITY; CAMPAIGN; PROGRAM; LEGISLATION AB Bicycle helmet purchase. use. consistent use, and correct use are determined by a complex set of factors. Behavioral theory suggests that they are influenced by the reciprocal association between individual characteristics such as. expectations, skills, attitudes, and beliefs; social influences such as social norms and peer pressure: and environmental factors such as availability, accessibility, and cost. These factors can be influenced through counseling and other interventions, While a review of the literature suggests that many bicycle helmet programs have not been planned using behavioral models and knowledge from the behavioral sciences, many studies include information that supports behavioral principles. This paper describes the behavioral principles and their application to the problem of increasing bicycle helmet use. Recommendations for practitioners are included. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Div Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30036 USA. Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30036 USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30036 USA. RP Thompson, NJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Div Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30036 USA. NR 63 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0738-3991 J9 PATIENT EDUC COUNS JI Patient Educ. Couns. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 46 IS 3 SI SI BP 191 EP 197 AR PII S0738-3991(01)00212-9 DI 10.1016/S0738-3991(01)00212-9 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 550XD UT WOS:000175529600005 PM 11932116 ER PT J AU Curns, AT Holman, RC Shay, DK Cheek, JE Kaufman, SF Singleton, RJ Anderson, LJ AF Curns, AT Holman, RC Shay, DK Cheek, JE Kaufman, SF Singleton, RJ Anderson, LJ TI Outpatient and hospital visits associated with otitis media among American Indian and Alaska Native children younger than 5 years SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE otitis media; American Indian; Alaska Native; outpatient; hospitalization ID BRONCHIOLITIS-ASSOCIATED HOSPITALIZATIONS; INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; 1ST YEAR; ANTIMICROBIAL TREATMENT; RESPIRATORY ILLNESS; TREATMENT PARADIGM; MATERNAL SMOKING; UNITED-STATES; LIFE; CARE AB Objective. To describe the burden of otitis media (OM) among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) children. Methods. OM morbidity among AI/AN younger than 5 years was evaluated using OM-associated outpatient visit and hospitalization rates. These rates were compared with outpatient and hospitalization rates for the general US population of children younger than 5 years. AI/AN children who were younger than 5 years and receiving care through the Indian Health Service or tribally operated facilities and US children younger than 5 years of age were studied. Results. From 1994-1996, the average annual rate of AI/AN OM-associated outpatient visits was 138 per 100 children younger than 5 years. Among AI/AN children younger than 1 year (infants), these rates were almost 3 times greater than those for US infants (318 vs 110 visits per 100 infants, respectively). AI/AN children 1 to 4 years of age had rates 1.5 times greater than US children of the same age (107 vs 65 visits per 100 children, respectively). AI/AN children also experienced higher rates of OM-associated hospitalization than did US children (5643 vs 2440 per 100 000 infants, 823 vs 665 per 100 000 1- to 4-year-olds). Conclusion. We found that AI/AN children, especially AI/AN infants, have higher OM-associated outpatient and hospitalization rates than those for the general US population of children. The disparity in rates suggests that additional prevention programs and continued resources are needed to reduce OM morbidity among AI/AN children. C1 CDCP, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Program Epidemiol, Off Publ Hlth, Indian Hlth Serv Headquarters, Albuquerque, NM USA. Indian Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD USA. CDCP, Alaska Nat Tribal Hlth Consourtium, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. CDCP, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Curns, AT (reprint author), CDCP, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 56 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2002 VL 109 IS 3 AR e41 DI 10.1542/peds.109.3.e41 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 527TE UT WOS:000174202800003 PM 11875169 ER PT J AU Belongia, EA Naimi, TS Gale, CM Besser, RE AF Belongia, EA Naimi, TS Gale, CM Besser, RE TI Antibiotic use and upper respiratory infections: A survey of knowledge, attitudes, and experience in Wisconsin and Minnesota SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE KAP surveys; respiratory tract infections/drug therapy; prescriptions; drug; drug resistance; microbial ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; PENICILLIN-RESISTANT; RISK-FACTORS; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; TRACT INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; JUDICIOUS USE; CHILDREN; EXPECTATIONS AB Background. Public attitudes and expectations contribute to inappropriate antibiotic prescribing and antibiotic resistance. This study assessed knowledge, attitudes, and experiences regarding antibiotic use for respiratory infection or illness. Methods. Random-digit-dialing telephone surveys of adults and parents of children <5 years old were conducted in Wisconsin and Minnesota during 1999. Results. The survey was completed by 405 adults and 275 parents of children <5 years old. The median age was 32 years for parents and 50 years for adults. Seven percent of parents and 17% of adults believed that antibiotics are never or almost never necessary for bronchitis. More than 70% in each group believed that antibiotics are needed for green or yellow nasal drainage, and nearly half of respondents believed that they knew whether an antibiotic was needed before seeing a physician. Exposure to multiple information sources on antibiotic resistance in the past 6 months was independently associated with a knowledge score greater than or equal to the median for nine questions. Conclusions. The general public has misconceptions regarding indications for antibiotic use, and this may contribute to inappropriate prescribing. Providing multiple and varied antibiotic-related informational messages may increase knowledge of appropriate antibiotic prescribing and decrease patient demand for antibiotics. (C) 2002 American Health Foundation and Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Epidemiol Res Ctr ML2, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Marshfield Clin, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Belongia, EA (reprint author), Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Epidemiol Res Ctr ML2, 1000 N Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU513299-01] NR 33 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 34 IS 3 BP 346 EP 352 DI 10.1006/pmed.2001.0992 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 536QB UT WOS:000174712400006 PM 11902851 ER PT J AU Broussard, D Leichliter, JS Evans, A Kee, R Vallury, V McFarlane, MM AF Broussard, D Leichliter, JS Evans, A Kee, R Vallury, V McFarlane, MM TI Screening adolescents in a juvenile detention center for gonorrhea and chlamydia: Prevalence and reinfection rates SO PRISON JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HEALTH-CARE; INFECTION; TRACHOMATIS; KNOWLEDGE; BEHAVIORS; PARTNERS; WOMEN; RISK AB Adolescents (n = 5,558) processed through a juvenile temporary detention center were screened for gonorrhea and chlamydia. Overall, the prevalence was 5.1% for gonorrhea and 14.7% for chlamydia. Female adolescents were 3.5 and 3.3 times more likely to have gonorrhea and chlamydia, respectively, than were male adolescents. Reinfection rates for the 180 adolescents who had a sexually transmitted disease (STD) at first screening and were screened on another occasion were 10.0% for gonorrhea and 28.9% for chlamydia. Given the high STD prevalence and reinfection rates uncovered in this study, administrators at juvenile detention facilities could potentially decrease the long-term cost burden on their facilities through a screening program designed to detect STDs before the detainees experience the costly sequelae of STDs or are released into the community to further spread the STDs. Research is also needed to devise intervention strategies that are effective in reducing risky sexual behaviors and STD morbidity in this high-risk adolescent population. C1 Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, STD HIV Prevent Program, Chicago, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Broussard, D (reprint author), Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, STD HIV Prevent Program, Chicago, IL USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0032-8855 J9 PRISON J JI Prison J. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 BP 8 EP 18 PG 11 WC Criminology & Penology SC Criminology & Penology GA 626TN UT WOS:000179889400002 ER PT J AU Laufer, FN Arriola, KRJ Dawson-Rose, CS Kumaravelu, K Rapposelli, KK AF Laufer, FN Arriola, KRJ Dawson-Rose, CS Kumaravelu, K Rapposelli, KK TI From jail to community: Innovative strategies to enhance continuity of HIV/AIDS care SO PRISON JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AIDS AB Persons of color incarcerated in prisons and jails in the United States continue to be disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic. Several state and city departments of health have received federal funding to develop and implement or to expand innovative strategies or models of HIV prevention, case management, and discharge planning services for racial/ethnic minority inmates in correctional facilities. This article provides an overview of service models for county jails and emphasizes the need for strategies to improve the health of the inmate and the community to which he or she will return. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, New York, NY USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Laufer, FN (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, New York, NY USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0032-8855 J9 PRISON J JI Prison J. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 BP 84 EP 100 PG 17 WC Criminology & Penology SC Criminology & Penology GA 626TN UT WOS:000179889400006 ER PT J AU Lollar, DJ AF Lollar, DJ TI Public health and disability: Emerging opportunities SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID US AB The public health community has traditionally paid little attention to the health needs of people with disabilities. Recent activities, however, on the part of federal and international organizations mark a shift toward engaging the health concerns of this large and growing population. First, the World Health Organization published the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), a companion to the International Classification of Diseases. The ICF describes both a conceptual framework and a classification system, providing the foundation for public health science and policy. Second, a vision for the future of public health and disability is outlined in Healthy People 2010 that, for the first time, includes people with disabilities as a targeted population. The article briefly describes activities and emerging opportunities for a public health focus on people with disabilities with the ICF as a foundation and Healthy People 2010 as a vision. Public health has traditionally responded to emerging needs; people with disabilities are a group whose health needs should be targeted. C1 NCBDDD, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NCBDDD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Lollar, DJ (reprint author), NCBDDD, CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy,F-35, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 24 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 117 IS 2 BP 131 EP 136 DI 10.1016/S0033-3549(04)50119-X PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 605MC UT WOS:000178680800005 PM 12356997 ER PT J AU Ethier, KA Ickovics, JR Fernandez, MI Wilson, TE Royce, RA Koenig, LJ AF Ethier, KA Ickovics, JR Fernandez, MI Wilson, TE Royce, RA Koenig, LJ CA Perinatal Guidelines Evaluation Pr TI The Perinatal Guidelines Evaluation Project HIV and Pregnancy Study: Overview and cohort description SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID WOMEN; INFECTION AB Objective. The HIV and Pregnancy Study of the Perinatal Guidelines Evaluation Project is a prospective, longitudinal, multisite study established to: (a) assess the implementation of Public Health Service guidelines regarding the prevention of perinatal HIV transmission and (b) evaluate the psychosocial consequences of HIV infection among pregnant women. A distinctive aspect of the study is the use of an HIV-negative comparison group. This article describes the methodology of the study and baseline characteristics of the study sample. Methods and Results. HIV-infected (n = 336) and uninfected (n = 298) pregnant women were enrolled from four geographic areas: Connecticut, North Carolina, Brooklyn, NY, and Miami, FL. The study included three structured face-to-face interviews from late pregnancy to six months postpartum for HIV-infected and uninfected women. Additional self-reports of medication adherence were collected for the HIV-infected participants, and the medical records of infected mothers and their infants were reviewed. Electronic monitoring of medication adherence was conducted for a subset of the infected women. The groups were successfully matched on self-reported characteristics, including HIV-risk behaviors. More than half of the uninfected women reported a high-risk sexual partner. Baseline comparisons indicated that both the HIV-infected and uninfected women had high levels of depressive symptoms, stress, and recent negative life events. Conclusions. This study provides a unique description of the psychosocial and behavioral characteristics of a population of low-income women. The results of this study suggest that HIV infection is one of many stressors faced by the women in this study. C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Miami, FL USA. SUNY, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Brooklyn, NY USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ethier, KA (reprint author), Corp Sq Blvd,Bldg 12,MS E44, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RI Royce, Rachel/A-7964-2012 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 117 IS 2 BP 137 EP 147 DI 10.1016/S0033-3549(04)50120-6 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 605MC UT WOS:000178680800006 PM 12356998 ER PT J AU Manhart, LE Aral, SO Holmes, KK Foxman, B AF Manhart, LE Aral, SO Holmes, KK Foxman, B TI Sex partner concurrency - Measurement, prevalence, and correlates among urban 18-39-year-olds SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; MIXING PATTERNS; CONDOM USE; HIV; TRANSMISSION; GONORRHEA; SPREAD; WOMEN; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Background: Sex partner concurrency probably accelerates the spread of sexually transmitted disease (STD) and HIV, yet few data exist on population prevalence or correlates. Goal: The goal of the study was to compare definitions and estimate the frequency of concurrent partnerships and to identify individual and partnership correlates of concurrency. Study Design: A random-digit-dialing survey (n = 637) was performed to collect demographic information, sexual history and history of STD, and partnership characteristics. Results: Men reported concurrency more frequently than women. For men, lifetime partners (odds ratio [OR], 1.15 per partner; 95% CI, 1.07-1.23), a night in jail (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.03-3.82), and same sex partners (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 0.92-3.84) were associated with concurrency. Important factors for women were first coitus before age 16 (OR, 2.90; 95% CI, 1.38-6.10), lifetime partners (OR, 1.09 per partner; 95% CI, 1.01-1.16), and STD diagnoses during relationship (OR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.55-8.05). Partnership characteristics associated with concurrency included lifetime partners (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.05-1.14), race discordance (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.14-2.59), married/living together (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.36-0.98), night in jail (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.32-3.17), partnership duration of >6 months (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.41-4.19), and STD diagnoses during relationship (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.42-5.07). Conclusions: Concurrency was independently associated with individual STD risk. Sex differences may reflect true behavioral differences or differential reporting. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Foxman, B (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 109 Observ St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI/MH34118]; PHS HHS [5T32 A107140] NR 33 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 3 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.1097/00007435-200203000-00003 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 527RQ UT WOS:000174201000003 PM 11875374 ER PT J AU Kissinger, P Clayton, JL O'Brien, ME Kent, C Whittington, WLH Oh, MK Fortenberry, D Hillis, SE Litchfield, B Bolan, GA Handsfield, HH Farley, TA Berman, S AF Kissinger, P Clayton, JL O'Brien, ME Kent, C Whittington, WLH Oh, MK Fortenberry, D Hillis, SE Litchfield, B Bolan, GA Handsfield, HH Farley, TA Berman, S TI Older partners not associated with recurrence among female teenagers infected with Chlamydia trachomatis SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ADOLESCENT FEMALES; AGE-DIFFERENCES; RISK; WOMEN; REINFECTION AB Background: Chlamydia trachomatis-infected female teenagers with older partners may be less likely to discuss the infection with their partner(s) and to use condoms and therefore may be more likely to get reinfected. Goal: To determine if C trachomatis-infected female teenagers with older partners were more likely to be reinfected than those with same-aged partners. Study Design: Females aged 14 years to 18 years who had uncomplicated chlamydial infection, were nonpregnant, attended clinics in five United States cities from June 1995 to May 1997, completed treatment, and resumed sexual activity were observed at 1 and 4 months for interim history and retesting. Results: Of 225 women studied, 73.3% were black, 34.5% had at least one partner who was 3 or more years older during follow-up, 51.6% reported using a condom at the last sex act with all partners, 13.8% had a recurrent infection, and 47.4% reported they were certain that all of their baseline partners were treated. Partner age was not associated with condom use, certainty of partners' taking medication, or recurrent infections after adjustment for visit. Conclusions: Older partners, accounting for approximately one third of all partners, did not increase the risk of reinfection. Given the high risk for recurrence, follow-up testing and enhanced efforts to ensure partner treatment are appropriate for all young women with chlamydial infections. C1 Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kissinger, P (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, SL-18,1440 Canal St, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. FU PHS HHS [RPA 455] NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 3 BP 144 EP 149 DI 10.1097/00007435-200203000-00004 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 527RQ UT WOS:000174201000004 PM 11875375 ER PT J AU Kahn, RH Scholl, DT Shane, SM Lemoine, AL Farley, TA AF Kahn, RH Scholl, DT Shane, SM Lemoine, AL Farley, TA TI Screening for syphilis in arrestees - Usefulness for community-wide syphilis surveillance and control SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; PROSTITUTION; EPIDEMIC; COCAINE AB Background: Syphilis screening of jail arrestees has been promoted as an effective method for both disease control and surveillance. Goals: To evaluate the yield of the East Baton Rouge Parish Jail screening program in detecting previously undiagnosed syphilis, to evaluate the program as a means for monitoring community syphilis rates, and to characterize arrestees at greatest risk for syphilis infection. Study Design: From July 1994 to December 1998, arrestees brought to the East Baton Rouge Parish Jail were screened for syphilis. Annual early syphilis prevalence in screened arrestees was calculated and compared with the annual period prevalence of early syphilis in the general population of East Baton Rouge Parish, as reported by laboratories and health providers. A case-control study of cases detected at the jail from 1995 to 1997 and contemporary controls was conducted. Results: A total of 50,941 arrestees were booked into the East Baton Rouge Parish Jail, of whom 38,573 (76%) were screened for syphilis. Of the 38,573 arrestees screened, 494 (1.3%) were diagnosed with untreated syphilis. Of these, 299 (61%) were treated for syphilis before release. The estimated prevalence of early syphilis in arrestees decreased by 68% during the study period, from 0.79% in 1994 to 0.25% in 1998. During this time, the East Baton Rouge Parish community rates decreased by 79%, from 150 cases per 100,000 to 31 cases per 100,000. In female arrestees, a booking charge of prostitution was associated with syphilis (odds ratio [OR] 7.0; 95% CI, 1.5, 39.3). In male arrestees, a booking charge of felony theft was associated with syphilis (OR 4.8; 95% CI, 1.8, 13.8). However, only 15 (12%) of the early syphilis cases would have been detected if screening had been based on the booking charges found to be associated with syphilis in this study. Conclusions: Routine syphilis screening and treatment in jail settings is feasible and identifies many persons with syphilis. Monitoring of syphilis prevalence among arrestees is a useful method for monitoring community prevalence of syphilis. Analysis of booking charges may be useful for determining factors associated with syphilis infection, but not for developing screening criteria. C1 CDCP, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Epidemiol & Community Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. E Baton Rouge Parish Prison, Prison Med Serv, Baton Rouge, LA USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Kahn, RH (reprint author), CDCP, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 3 BP 150 EP 156 DI 10.1097/00007435-200203000-00005 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 527RQ UT WOS:000174201000005 PM 11875376 ER PT J AU Ferguson, RB Hergert, GW Schepers, JS Gotway, CA Cahoon, JE Peterson, TA AF Ferguson, RB Hergert, GW Schepers, JS Gotway, CA Cahoon, JE Peterson, TA TI Site-specific nitrogen management of irrigated maize: Yield and soil residual nitrate effects SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FERTILIZER; CORN; VARIABILITY AB Site-specific N management (SSNM) has been suggested as one means of further increasing the efficiency with which N fertilizers are used and reducing environmental impact. Field studies to evaluate the potential for SSNM to reduce NO3-N leaching from irrigated maize (Zea mays L.) were conducted from 1994 to 1997. Uniform management (UM) was compared with a SSNM strategy (variable rate technology, VRT) based on an existing N recommendation algorithm for maize using grid sampled soil organic matter and root zone soil residual NO3-N. A third treatment (reduced variable rate technology, RVRT) evaluated the potential for a reduced rate of N to adequately supply crop N demand when combined with variable rate application. Averaged across all site-years, there was no significant difference in the total amount of N applied, 142 kg N ha(-1) with UM, 141 kg N ha(-1) with VRT. Treatment mean grain yields ranged from 4.5 to 13.9 Mg ha(-1) and were influenced relatively little by treatment, with VRT yield significantly reduced compared with UM in two site-years, and UM yield significantly reduced compared with VRT in one site-year. Treatment mean soil residual NO3-N in the 0.9-m root zone ranged from 2.7 to 14.0 mg kg(-1), and was low (<6 mg kg(-1)) for eight site-years, with no effect of treatment on NO3-N concentration. For the five site-years with elevated NO3-N concentrations (>6 mg kg(-1)), there were no significant differences between UM and VRT treatments, while RVRT treatment reduced residual NO3-N for three site-years. We conclude that the spatial application of the existing recommendation algorithm developed for uniform application may be inappropriate, at least for these sites, and that unique recommendation equations for major soils and climatic regions may be necessary to achieve substantial increases in N-use efficiency. This study also suggests that improved recommendation algorithms may often need to be combined with methods (such as remote sensing) to detect crop N status at early, critical growth stages followed by carefully timed, spatially adjusted supplemental fertilization to achieve optimum N-use efficiency. C1 Univ Nebraska, S Cent Res & Extens Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, N Platte, NE 69101 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA, Soil & Water Conservat Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. RP Ferguson, RB (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, S Cent Res & Extens Ctr, Box 66, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 34 TC 88 Z9 125 U1 5 U2 30 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 544 EP 553 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 528ZF UT WOS:000174275000026 ER PT J AU Simon, TR Anderson, M Thompson, MP Crosby, A Sacks, JJ AF Simon, TR Anderson, M Thompson, MP Crosby, A Sacks, JJ TI Assault victimization and suicidal ideation or behavior within a national sample of US adults SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-HEALTH; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; HUSBAND VIOLENCE; YOUNG-ADULTS; WOMEN; PREVALENCE; ABUSE; CONSEQUENCES; POPULATION; COMMUNITY AB Data from a nationally representative sample of 5,138 U.S. adults were used to examine the extent to which physical assault victimization was associated with suicidal ideation or behavior (SIB). The results from multivariable logistic regression analyses indicate that physical assault victimization was positively associated with SIB after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and alcohol use (OR = 3.6; 95% CI = 2.4-5.5). Those who were injured during the most recent physical assault (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.2-6.0) and those who were assaulted by a relative (OR=3.4; 95% CI=1.0-11.0 or intimate partner (OR=7.7; 95% CI = 2.7-22.5) were significantly more like to report SIB than victims who were not injured or were assaulted by a stranger. Also, those who were victimized but not injured (OR = 5.6; 95% CI = 3.8-8.2) and those who were victimized by a stranger (OR = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.4-6.0) were more likely to report SIB than non-victims. These results highlight the need for legal, medical, mental health, and social service providers to address the co-occurrence of violent victimization and suicidal ideation, particularly, but not exclusively, victimization by family members and intimates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Simon, TR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, CDC, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 32 IS 1 BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.1521/suli.32.1.42.22181 PG 9 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 533HR UT WOS:000174524000004 PM 11931010 ER PT J AU Jones, SE Sharp, DJ Husten, CG Crossett, LS AF Jones, SE Sharp, DJ Husten, CG Crossett, LS TI Cigarette acquisition and proof of age among US high school students who smoke SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO-SALES LAWS; YOUTH ACCESS; MINORS; COMMUNITY; ADOLESCENTS; ENFORCEMENT; INITIATION; BEHAVIOR; POLICIES; ADULTS AB Objective: To determine how US high school students who are under 18 years of age and who smoke obtain their cigarettes and whether they are asked for proof of age. Design and setting: Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 1995, 1997, and 1999 national Youth Risk Behavior Surveys which employed national probability samples of students in grades 9-12 (ages 14-18 years). Main outcome measures: Associations of usual source of cigarettes and request for proof of age with variables such as sex, race/ethnicity, grade, and frequency of smoking. Results: In 1999, among current smokers under age 18 years, 23.5% (95% confidence interval (0), -4.5% to +4.5%) usually purchased their cigarettes in a store; among these students, 69.6% (95% Cl -5.7% to +5.7%) were not asked to show proof of age. As days of past month smoking increased, reliance on buying cigarettes in a store (p < 0.001) and giving someone else money to buy cigarettes (p < 0 001) increased, and usually borrowing cigarettes decreased (p < 0.001). From 1995 relying on store purchases significantly decreased (from 38.7% (95% Cl -4.6% to +4.6%) to 23.5% (95% Cl -4.5% to +4.5%)); usually giving someone else money to buy cigarettes significantly increased (from 15.8% (95% Cl -3.6% to +3.6%) to 29.9% (95% Cl -4.5% to +4.5%)). Conclusions: Stricter enforcement of tobacco access laws is needed to support other community and school efforts to reduce tobacco use among youth. Furthermore, effective interventions to reduce non-commercial sources of tobacco, including social, need to be developed and implemented. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, Div Adolescent, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDC, NCCDPHP, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jones, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, Div Adolescent, CDC, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 45 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 2 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD MAR PY 2002 VL 11 IS 1 BP 20 EP 25 DI 10.1136/tc.11.1.20 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 533BV UT WOS:000174510300017 PM 11891364 ER PT J AU Chriqui, JF Frosh, M Brownson, RC Shelton, DM Sciandra, RC Hobart, R Fisher, PH el Arculli, R Alciati, MH AF Chriqui, JF Frosh, M Brownson, RC Shelton, DM Sciandra, RC Hobart, R Fisher, PH el Arculli, R Alciati, MH TI Application of a rating system to state clean indoor air laws (USA) SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL SURVEY; YOUTH-ACCESS; WORKPLACE; EXPOSURE; IMPACT; BANS; RESTRICTIONS; RESTAURANTS AB Objective: To develop and implement a system for rating state clean indoor air laws. Design: The public health interest of state clean indoor air laws is to limit non-smoker exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Current estimates of health risks and methods available for con trolling ETS provided a framework for devising a ratings scale. An advisory committee applied this scale to each of seven site specific smoking restrictions and two enforcement related items. For each item, a target score of +4 was identified. The nine items were then combined to produce a summary score for each state. A state that achieved the target across all nine items would receive a summary score of 36 points and be eligible to receive an additional 6 points for exceeding the target on six of the nine items, resulting in a maximum summary score of 42 points. Individual scores were also adjusted to reflect state level preemption measures. Each state's law was evaluated annually from 1993 through 1999. Setting: USA. Main outcome measure: A summary score measuring the extensiveness of the state's clean indoor air law. Results: State laws restricting smoking in the seven individual locations of interest were relatively weak. The overall mean score across the location restrictions ranged from 0.72 in 1993 to 0.98 in 1999. Mean scores were higher for the enforcement items than for the location restrictions. Summary scores ranged from 0 to 20 in 1993 and 0 to 31 in 1994 through 1999. Average summary scores ranged S from 8.71 in 1993 to 10.98 in 1999. By the end of 1999, scores increased for 22 states; however between 1995 and 1997 there were no changes in the summary scores. Three states scored zero, points across all years, From 1993 through 1999, there was a 41% increase in the number of states that had in place state level preemption measures. Conclusion: The number of newly enacted state clean indoor air laws has remained relatively stagnant since 1995. With a few exceptions, as of the end of 1999, progress in enacting state laws to meet specified public health targets for reducing exposure to ETS was relatively low. Thus, state laws in the USA provide, on average, only minimal protection in specified areas and, given the increase in preemption, are increasingly undermining those passed in localities. C1 MayaTech Corp, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Tobacco Free New York, Loudonville, NY USA. Campaign Tobacco Free Kids, Washington, DC USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Management Solut Hlth, Reston, VA USA. RP Chriqui, JF (reprint author), MayaTech Corp, 8737 Colesville Rd,7th Floor, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. OI Alciati, Marianne/0000-0001-6294-1090 NR 56 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD MAR PY 2002 VL 11 IS 1 BP 26 EP 34 DI 10.1136/tc.11.1.26 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 533BV UT WOS:000174510300018 PM 11891365 ER PT J AU Sinha, DN Gupta, PC Pednekar, MS Jones, JT Warren, CW AF Sinha, DN Gupta, PC Pednekar, MS Jones, JT Warren, CW TI Tobacco use among school personnel in Bihar, India SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Letter C1 Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. WHO, Dept Noncommunicable Dis & Hlth Promot, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA. Sch Prevent Oncol, Patna, Bihar, India. RP Gupta, PC (reprint author), Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Homi Bhabha Rd, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. NR 2 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD MAR PY 2002 VL 11 IS 1 BP 82 EP 83 DI 10.1136/tc.11.1.82 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 533BV UT WOS:000174510300029 PM 11891376 ER PT J AU Morata, TC AF Morata, TC TI Interaction between noise and asphyxiants: A concern for toxicology and occupational health SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INDUCED HEARING-LOSS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SIMULTANEOUS EXPOSURE; TOLUENE; POTENTIATION; WORKERS AB The article highlighted in this issue is "Potentiation of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss by Low Concentrations of Hydrogen Cyanide in Rats" by Laurence D. Fechter, Guang-Di Chen, and David L. Johnson (pp. 131-138). C1 NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Sect, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Morata, TC (reprint author), NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Sect, Div Appl Res & Technol, C27,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Morata, Thais/A-6848-2009 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1093/toxsci/66.1.1 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 524LG UT WOS:000174014300001 PM 11861966 ER PT J AU Dreyer, G Addiss, D Roberts, J Noroes, J AF Dreyer, G Addiss, D Roberts, J Noroes, J TI Progression of lymphatic vessel dilatation in the presence of living adult Wuchereria bancrofti SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE filariasis; Wuchereria bancrofti; ultrasonography; lymphatic vessels; disease progression; Brazil ID ADULTICIDAL EFFICACY; IN-VIVO; ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE; DOSE IVERMECTIN; SCROTAL AREA; FILARIASIS; DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE; ULTRASOUND; POPULATION; INFECTION AB Bancroftian filariasis, a mosquito-transmitted disease commonly known as elephantiasis, is caused by infection with the parasite Wuchereria bancrofti. Infection with this parasite can induce a broad array of chronic debilitating and socially stigmatizing conditions, but the pathogenesis of this morbidity remains obscure. Recent evidence indicates that in filariasis-endemic areas the primary lesion is not lymphatic vessel obstruction but, rather, dilatation. To determine the extent to which lymphatic dilatation occurs in the presence of living adult W bancrofti, we performed longitudinal ultrasonographic measurements in 80 men (mean age 24 years) in Brazil who had a total of 107 W. bancrofti nests detectable by ultrasound. Initial mean lymphatic vessel diameter at the site of the worms was 3.4 mm (range, 0.7-11.3), and was greater in men with 2 or more nests (3.9 mm) than in those with only one nest (3.0 mm, P = 0.003). During the study period (2-35 months, mean, 13.7), lymphatic vessel diameter increased at the site of 92 (86.0%) adult worm nests. Mean rate of increase of lymphatic vessel diameter was 1.2 mm per person-year (range, 0-0.93 mm per month). In a general linear model, no factors, including treatment with antifilarial drugs, were significantly associated with rate of vessel diameter increase. Thus, lymphatic vessel dilatation progresses in the presence of living adult W. bancrofti; the rate of this progression is heterogeneous. These data suggest that lymphatic dilatation will continue to progress in most infected persons even after mass treatment with currently recommended antifilarial drugs. In addition to interrupting transmission, the global programme for elimination of lymphatic filariasis should address the potential for disease progression in persons who remain infected with adult W bancrofti. C1 Univ Fed Pernambuco, Hosp Clin, NEPAF, UFPE, BR-50670420 Recife, PE, Brazil. Fiocruz MS, Dept Parasitol, Ctr Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhaes, Recife, PE, Brazil. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dreyer, G (reprint author), Univ Fed Pernambuco, Hosp Clin, NEPAF, UFPE, Av Moraes Rego SN,Cidade Univ, BR-50670420 Recife, PE, Brazil. NR 32 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 96 IS 2 BP 157 EP 161 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(02)90288-9 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 605DW UT WOS:000178661000012 PM 12055805 ER PT J AU Molineaux, L Trauble, M Collins, WE Jeffery, GM Dietz, K AF Molineaux, L Trauble, M Collins, WE Jeffery, GM Dietz, K TI Malaria therapy reinoculation data suggest individual variation of an innate immune response and independent acquisition of antiparasitic and antitoxic immunities SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium ovale; immunity; host factors; malaria therapy ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM PARASITEMIA; TROPHOZOITE-INDUCED INFECTIONS; HIGHLY ENDEMIC AREA; RETROSPECTIVE EXAMINATION; CLINICAL IMMUNITY; INOCULUM SIZE; SEVERITY; GAMETOCYTES; MODEL AB Malaria therapy reinoculation data were examined for the possible detection of effects attributable to stable individual host-specific factors, through correlation between descriptive variables of first and second infections. Such an effect was demonstrated with respect to the first local maximum of the asexual parasite density, i.e., the density at which a host controls parasite growth. The effect was seen between an individual host's first and second Plasmodium falciparum infection, as well as between an individual host's first malaria infection with P. ovale and second malaria infection with R falciparum. We give reasons to believe that the main underlying mechanism is individual variation of an innate immune response. The data were also examined for systematic changes from first to second P. falciparum infection, as indicators of acquired immunity. In addition to the well-known reduction in parasite density, the data show the early development of apparent parasite tolerance. We give reasons to interpret the latter as antitoxic immunity. C1 Univ Tubingen, Dept Med Biometry, D-72070 Tubingen, Germany. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. TU Dresden, Fac Comp Sci, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dietz, K (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Dept Med Biometry, Westbahnhofstr 55, D-72070 Tubingen, Germany. RI Dietz, Klaus/R-9268-2016 OI Dietz, Klaus/0000-0001-8503-9737 NR 19 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 96 IS 2 BP 205 EP 209 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(02)90308-1 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 605DW UT WOS:000178661000025 PM 12055817 ER PT J AU Giger, U Oakley, DA Owens, SD Schantz, P AF Giger, U Oakley, DA Owens, SD Schantz, P TI Leishmania donovani transmission by packed RBC transfusion to anemic dogs in the United States SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Letter ID BRAZILIAN BLOOD-DONORS C1 Univ Penn, Penn Anim Blood Bank, Dept Clin Studies, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Giger, U (reprint author), Univ Penn, Penn Anim Blood Bank, Dept Clin Studies, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 7 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD MAR PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 381 EP 383 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2002.00061.x PG 3 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 540BH UT WOS:000174907900019 PM 11961247 ER PT J AU Luby, S Zaidi, N Rehman, S Northrup, R AF Luby, S Zaidi, N Rehman, S Northrup, R TI Improving private practitioner sick-child case management in two urban communities in Pakistan SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE integrated management of childhood illness; private practitioners; Pakistan; behaviour change interventions; outcome assessment; injections ID CONTROLLED TRIAL; EDUCATIONAL OUTREACH; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; CARE PROVISION; HEPATITIS-C; INJECTIONS; DIARRHEA AB OBJECTIVE To evaluate if INFECTOM, a multicomponent behaviour change strategy, would alter the care received by children visiting private healthcare providers so that it was more consistent with the IMCI algorithm. METHODS Community surveys in two low income communities in Pakistan identified children who had visited healthcare providers in the preceding 2 weeks complaining of diarrhoea, cough or rapid breathing, or fever. Interviewers asked the mothers of these children whether providers performed specific behaviours recommended by the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) algorithm. These data were analysed to generate provider-specific IMCI-related behaviour profiles. A team including community representatives met with the providers, discussed the correct IMCI algorithm behaviour, reviewed the percentage of time each of their practices was consistent with IMCI recommendations, and negotiated a contract with a numerical target for improved practices. This cycle of survey, discussion of results and contracting was repeated three times over 10 months. RESULTS Twenty-two providers, 13 of whom (59%) had a medical degree, regularly treated children in the two communities. Sixteen of the 21 targeted behaviours (76%) occurred with significantly increased frequency during the course of the intervention. Of the 10 practices that in children with any of the syndromes should have received, at baseline children averaged receiving 4.3. In the final model, each subsequent round of evaluation was associated with a 0.57 increase in the number of appropriate practices performed at visits to non-Bachelor's Degree in Medicine (MBBS) qualified providers (P < 0.001) and a 0.75 increase among visits to MBBS qualified providers (P = 0.004). The percentage of children who received an injection decreased from 70 to 56% (P &LE; 0.003). CONCLUSIONS INFECTOM altered the practices of private providers so that they were more consistent with the IMCI algorithm. Efforts to further develop this approach could improve the quality of clinical healthcare in other settings. C1 Aga Khan Univ, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Karachi, Pakistan. BASICS, Washington, DC USA. RP Luby, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrhoeal Dis Branch, Mailstop A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD MAR PY 2002 VL 7 IS 3 BP 210 EP 219 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2002.00859.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 528DY UT WOS:000174230200003 PM 11903983 ER PT J AU Holtz, TH Marum, LH Mkandala, C Chizani, N Roberts, JM Macheso, A Parise, ME Kachur, SP AF Holtz, TH Marum, LH Mkandala, C Chizani, N Roberts, JM Macheso, A Parise, ME Kachur, SP TI Insecticide-treated bednet use, anaemia, and malaria parasitaemia in Blantyre District, Malawi SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE insecticide-treated bednets; malaria; social marketing; Malawi; Under-fives; morbidity ID IMPREGNATED BEDNETS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; CHILD-MORTALITY; CURTAINS REDUCE; WESTERN KENYA; BURKINA-FASO; RURAL MALAWI; NETS; AFRICA AB OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of insecticide-treated bednets and the effectiveness of social marketing for their distribution. Methods Systematic cluster sample survey of 1080 households in 36 census enumeration areas across Blantyre district, Malawi, in February 2000. RESULTS A total of 672 households had one or more children under 5. Bednet ownership was low (20.5% of households) overall. and significantly lower in rural areas than urban areas (6.4 vs. 29.8%, (P = 0.001). Only 3.3% of rural children under 5 had slept under a net the previous night, compared with 24.0% of urban children (P < 0.001). When asked why they did not own a net, nearly all (94.9%) caretakers in households without nets stated they had no money to buy them. In multivariate statistical models that controlled for the influence of house structure, urban vs. rural location, gender of the head of household, and the primary caretaker's education, rural children under 5 inhouseholds without nets experienced a statistically significant higher prevalence of malaria parasitaemia [RR (risk ratio) 4.9, 95%, CI (confidence interval) 2.3-10.5] than children in households with at least one bednet. This was also true for urban children under 5 (RR 2.1, 95% Cl 1.0-4.2, P = 0.04). CONCLUSION Social marketing approaches to promoting insecticide-treated nets in Blantyre District may have produced measurable health benefits for children in those households in which residents bought and used the products. Market-based approaches may take years to achieve high levels of coverage and may exaggerate inequities between urban and rural populations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Blantyre Dist Hlth Off, Blantyre, Malawi. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Blantyre Integrated Malaria Initiat, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Hlth & Populat, Community Hlth Serv Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Holtz, TH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 26 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD MAR PY 2002 VL 7 IS 3 BP 220 EP 230 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2002.00846.x PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 528DY UT WOS:000174230200004 PM 11903984 ER PT J AU Dodge, AC McLoughlin, E Saltzman, LE Nah, G Skaj, P Campbell, JC Lee, D AF Dodge, AC McLoughlin, E Saltzman, LE Nah, G Skaj, P Campbell, JC Lee, D TI Improving intimate partner violence protocols for emergency departments - An assessment tool and findings SO VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 125th Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY NOV 09-13, 1997 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc, Natl Assoc Public Hlth Policy, APHA, Med Care Sect ID DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; MEDICAL-CARE; WOMEN; LAWS AB A Protocol Assessment Tool (PAT) was developed to assess emergency departments' (EDs') protocols regarding treatment of patients sustaining partner violence. Using this tool, project staff members evaluated the content of written protocols submitted by ED nurse managers in California and in a national sample in 1992-1993 and in 1996-1997. The number of protocols and their overall content improved significantly in California between 1992-1993 and 1996-1997, and there was a suggestion of improvement in the national sample. Advocacy efforts influenced joint Commission oil Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations guidelines and California taws, which in turn may have stimulated increases in the quantity and quality of protocols. The PAT permits readers to evaluate their local facility's protocols. C1 San Francisco Gen Hosp, Trauma Fdn, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Nursing, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Dodge, AC (reprint author), San Francisco Gen Hosp, Trauma Fdn, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1077-8012 J9 VIOLENCE AGAINST WOM JI Violence Against Women PD MAR PY 2002 VL 8 IS 3 BP 320 EP 338 DI 10.1177/10778010222183080 PG 19 WC Women's Studies SC Women's Studies GA 521DJ UT WOS:000173823300003 ER PT J AU Matthias, MA Levett, PN AF Matthias, MA Levett, PN TI Leptospiral carriage by mice and mongooses on the island of Barbados SO WEST INDIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease, maintained by chronic infection of the kidneys of reservoir animals, usually small mammals. Infection in humans is acquired from direct or indirect exposure to the urine of infected animals. Leptospirosis has a high incidence in tropical regions, and has been studied extensively in several Caribbean countries. We studied the carriage of Leptospira serovars by two small mammals which are potential maintenance hosts of the disease in Barbados. A total of 136 mongooses (Herpestes auropunctatus) and 97 mice (Mus musculus) were caught in live traps. Leptospiral antibodies were detected by microscopic agglutination test (MA T) using antigens representing 12 serogroups, and kidney tissues were inoculated into polysorbate medium for isolation of leptospires. The seroprevalence (at a titre of ? 100) in mice was 28.2% (24/85, 95% Cl 19.0, 39.1) and in mongooses 40.7% (48/118, 95% Cl 31.7, 50.1). In mice, antibodies were detected predominantly against serogroups Ballum and Autumnalis, while in mongooses the predominant serogroup was Autumnalis. Leptospires were isolated from 28 mice (28.9%, 95% CI 20.1, 39.0) and from 4 mongooses (2.9%, 95% CI 0.8, 7.4). Mouse isolates were identified as serovars arborea (17) and bim (7). As in other parts of the world, common house mice (Mus musculus) represent a significant reservoir of leptospirosis. Although carriage of the Ballum serovar, arborea, was not unexpected, this represents the first time that an animal reservoir of serovar bim has been identified. This is significant because bim causes about 63% of human leptospirosis in Barbados, and control efforts and education for prevention can now be targeted at a specific reservoir C1 Ctr Dis Control, NCD, DBMD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Levett, PN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, NCD, DBMD, M5PB M-S G34,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV WEST INDIES FACULTY MEDICAL SCIENCES PI KINGSTON PA MONA CAMPUS, KINGSTON 7, JAMAICA SN 0043-3144 J9 W INDIAN MED J JI West Ind. Med. J. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 1 BP 10 EP 13 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 560JB UT WOS:000176078000003 PM 12089866 ER PT J AU Pinsky, LE Imperatore, G Burke, W AF Pinsky, LE Imperatore, G Burke, W TI Diabetes and HFE mutations: cause or coincidence? SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENETIC HEMOCHROMATOSIS; HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS; PREVALENCE; MELLITUS; DISEASE C1 Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Div Gen Internal Med, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med Hist & Eth, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Pinsky, LE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Div Gen Internal Med, Dept Med, 4245 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 221 MAIN ST, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94120-7690 USA SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 176 IS 2 BP 114 EP 115 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 531KR UT WOS:000174415000014 PM 11897734 ER PT J AU Slom, TJ Cortese, MM Gerber, SI Jones, RC Holtz, TH Lopez, AS Zambrano, CH Sufit, RL Sakolvaree, Y Chaicumpa, W Herwaldt, BL Johnson, S AF Slom, TJ Cortese, MM Gerber, SI Jones, RC Holtz, TH Lopez, AS Zambrano, CH Sufit, RL Sakolvaree, Y Chaicumpa, W Herwaldt, BL Johnson, S TI An outbreak of eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in travelers returning from the Caribbean. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID 1ST RECORD; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; CUBA; JAMAICA; SNAILS AB Background: Outbreaks of eosinophilic meningitis caused by the roundworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis are rarely reported, even in regions of endemic infection such as Southeast Asia and the Pacific Basin. We report an outbreak of A. cantonensis meningitis among travelers returning from the Caribbean. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study among 23 young adults who had traveled to Jamaica. We used a clinical definition of eosinophilic meningitis that included headache that began within 35 days after the trip plus at least one of the following: neck pain, nuchal rigidity, altered cutaneous sensations, photophobia, or visual disturbances. Results: Twelve travelers met the case definition for eosinophilic meningitis. The symptoms began a median of 11 days (range, 6 to 31) after their return to the United States. Eosinophilia was eventually documented in all nine patients who were hospitalized, although on initial evaluation, it was present in the peripheral blood of only four of the nine (44 percent) and in the cerebrospinal fluid of five (56 percent). Repeated lumbar punctures and corticosteroid therapy led to improvement in symptoms in two of three patients with severe headache, and intracranial pressure decreased during corticosteroid therapy in all three. Consumption of one meal (P=0.001) and of a Caesar salad at that meal (P=0.007) were strongly associated with eosinophilic meningitis. Antibodies against an A. cantonensis-specific 31-kD antigen were detected in convalescent-phase serum samples from 11 patients. Conclusions: Among travelers at risk, the presence of headache, elevated intracranial pressure, and pleocytosis, with or without eosinophilia, particularly in association with paresthesias or hyperesthesias, should alert clinicians to the possibility of A. cantonensis infection. (N Engl J Med 2002;346:668-75.) Copyright (C) 2002 Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 VA Chicago HCS, Med Serv, Lakeside Div, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis, Chicago, IL USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Inteligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Johnson, S (reprint author), VA Chicago HCS, Med Serv, Lakeside Div, 333 E Huron, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. NR 38 TC 140 Z9 154 U1 0 U2 4 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 28 PY 2002 VL 346 IS 9 BP 668 EP 675 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa012462 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 525HJ UT WOS:000174062800005 PM 11870244 ER PT J AU Zanardi, L Pascual, FB Bisgard, K Murphy, T Wharton, M Maurice, E AF Zanardi, L Pascual, FB Bisgard, K Murphy, T Wharton, M Maurice, E TI Pertussis - United States, 1997-2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 73-76, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID SCREENING METHOD; ADOLESCENTS; ADULTS C1 CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Data Management Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zanardi, L (reprint author), CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 27 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 8 BP 977 EP 979 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 525CX UT WOS:000174052100008 ER PT J AU Mokotoff, ED Malamud, BH Kent, JB Kowalczyk, RJ Scott, LJ Lindergren, ML Hammett, TA AF Mokotoff, ED Malamud, BH Kent, JB Kowalczyk, RJ Scott, LJ Lindergren, ML Hammett, TA TI Progress toward elimination of perinatal HIV infection - Michigan, 1993-2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 93-97, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI 48913 USA. CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mokotoff, ED (reprint author), Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI 48913 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 27 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 8 BP 979 EP 981 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 525CX UT WOS:000174052100009 ER PT J AU Grey, TC Rolfs, R Chambers, MA Niskar, AS AF Grey, TC Rolfs, R Chambers, MA Niskar, AS TI Hypothermia-related deaths - Utah, 2000, and United States, 1979-1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 76-78, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Off Med Examiner, Salt Lake City, UT 84113 USA. Utah Dept Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. Western Reg Climate Ctr, Reno, NV USA. CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Grey, TC (reprint author), Off Med Examiner, Salt Lake City, UT 84113 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 27 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 8 BP 981 EP 982 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 525CX UT WOS:000174052100010 ER PT J AU Anderson, M Simon, T Hammond, R Kaufman, J AF Anderson, M Simon, T Hammond, R Kaufman, J TI Risk factors for violent death in children - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID SCHOOL C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Sociol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Anderson, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 27 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 8 BP 984 EP 984 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 525CX UT WOS:000174052100013 ER PT J AU Reichler, MR Reves, R Bur, S Thompson, V Mangura, BT Ford, J Valway, SE Onorato, IM AF Reichler, MR Reves, R Bur, S Thompson, V Mangura, BT Ford, J Valway, SE Onorato, IM CA Contact Invest Study Grp TI Evaluation of investigations conducted to detect and prevent transmission of tuberculosis SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CONTACT INVESTIGATIONS; OUTBREAK AB Context Contact investigations are routinely conducted by health departments throughout the United States for all cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) to identify secondary cases of active TB and latent TB infection and to initiate therapy as needed in these contacts. Little is known about the actual procedures followed, or the results. Objectives To evaluate contact investigations conducted by US health departments and the outcomes of these investigations. Design, Setting, and Subjects Review of health department records for all contacts of 349 patients with culture-positive pulmonary TB aged 15 years or older reported from 5 study areas in the United States during 1996. Main Outcome Measures Number of contacts identified, fully screened, and infected per TB patient; rates of TB infection and disease among contacts of TB patients; and type and completeness of data collected during contact investigations. Results A total of 3824 contacts were identified for 349 patients with active pulmonary TB. Of the TB patients, 45 (13%) had no contacts identified. Of the contacts, 55% completed screening, 27% had an initial but no postexposure tuberculin skin test, 12% were not screened, and 6% had a history of prior TB or prior positive tuberculin skin test. Of 2095 contacts who completed screening, 68% had negative skin test results, 24% had initial positive results with no prior test result available, 7% had documented skin test conversions, and 1% had active TB at the time of investigation. Close contacts younger than 15 years (76% screened vs 65% for older age groups; P<.001) or exposed to a TB patient with a positive smear (74% screened vs 59% for those with a negative smear; P<.001) were more likely to be fully screened. Close contacts exposed to TB patients with both a positive smear and a cavitary chest radiograph were more likely to have TB infection or disease (62% vs 33% for positive smear only vs 44% for cavitary radiograph only vs 37% for neither characteristic; P<.001). A number of factors associated with TB patient infectiousness, contact susceptibility to infection, contact risk of progression to active TB, and amount of contact exposure to the TB patient were not routinely recorded in health department records. Conclusions Improvement is needed in the complex, multistep process of contact investigations to ensure that contacts of patients with active pulmonary TB are identified and appropriately screened. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DTBE, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Jamaica Plain, MA USA. Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Natl TB Ctr, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. RP Reichler, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DTBE, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 160 Z9 164 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 27 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 8 BP 991 EP 995 DI 10.1001/jama.287.8.991 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 525CX UT WOS:000174052100026 PM 11866646 ER PT J AU Wuhib, T Chorba, TL Davidiants, V Mac Kenzie, WR McNabb, SJN AF Wuhib, T Chorba, TL Davidiants, V Mac Kenzie, WR McNabb, SJN TI Assessment of the infectious diseases surveillance system of the Republic of Armenia: an example of surveillance in the Republics of the former Soviet Union SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID STATES AB Background: Before 1991, the infectious diseases surveillance systems (IDSS) of the former Soviet Union (FSU) were centrally planned in Moscow. The dissolution of the FSU resulted in economic stresses on public health infrastructure. At the request of seven FSU Ministries of Health, we performed assessments of the IDSS designed to guide reform. The assessment of the Armenian infectious diseases surveillance system (AIDSS) is presented here as a prototype. Discussion: We performed qualitative assessments using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for evaluating surveillance systems. Until 1996, the AIDSS collected aggregate and case-based data on 64 infectious diseases. It collected information on diseases of low pathogenicity ( e. g., pediculosis) and those with no public health intervention ( e. g., infectious mononucleosis). The specificity was poor because of the lack of case definitions. Most cases were investigated using a lengthy, non-disease-specific case-report form Armenian public health officials analyzed data descriptively and reported data upward from the local to national level, with little feedback. Information was not shared across vertical programs. Reform should focus on enhancing usefulness, efficiency, and effectiveness by reducing the quantity of data collected and revising reporting procedures and information types; improving the quality, analyses, and use of data at different levels; reducing system operations costs; and improving communications to reporting sources. These recommendations are generalizable to other FSU republics. Summary: The AIDSS was complex and sensitive, yet costly and inefficient. The flexibility, representativeness, and timeliness were good because of a comprehensive health-care system and compulsory reporting. Some data were questionable and some had no utility. C1 CDCP, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. CDCP, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Armenian Minst Hlth, Yerseke, Netherlands. RP McNabb, SJN (reprint author), CDCP, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 11 Corp Sq,Room 2407,1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RI Alkhalawi, Mohammed/C-6111-2012; Mac Kenzie, William /F-1528-2013 OI Mac Kenzie, William /0000-0001-7723-0339 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD FEB 26 PY 2002 VL 2 AR 3 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-2-3 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 627XM UT WOS:000179961900001 PM 11914147 ER PT J AU Cunliffe, NA Bresee, JS Gentsch, JR Glass, RI Hart, CA AF Cunliffe, NA Bresee, JS Gentsch, JR Glass, RI Hart, CA TI The expanding diversity of rotaviruses SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID RNA-RNA HYBRIDIZATION; VACCINE DEVELOPMENT; GENOGROUPS; SEROTYPES; DIARRHEA; CHILDREN; INFANTS; STRAINS C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Med Microbiol & Genitourinary Med, Liverpool L69 3GA, Merseyside, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cunliffe, NA (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Med Microbiol & Genitourinary Med, Liverpool L69 3GA, Merseyside, England. OI Cunliffe, Nigel/0000-0002-5449-4988 NR 21 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD FEB 23 PY 2002 VL 359 IS 9307 BP 640 EP 642 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07781-4 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 526AZ UT WOS:000174107400004 PM 11879856 ER PT J AU Bartlett, LA Jamieson, DJ Kahn, T Sultana, M Wilson, HG Duerr, A AF Bartlett, LA Jamieson, DJ Kahn, T Sultana, M Wilson, HG Duerr, A TI Maternal mortality among Afghan refugees in Pakistan, 1999-2000 SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID VERBAL AUTOPSIES; PREGNANCY AB Background Estimated at 3.6 million, Afghans are the largest population of refugees in the world. Information on the magnitude, causes, and preventable factors of maternal deaths among Afghan refugees may yield valuable information for prevention. Methods Deaths were recorded between Jan 20, 1999, and Aug 31, 2000, during a census carried out in 12 Afghan refugee settlements in Pakistan. Deaths among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) were further investigated by verbal autopsy interviews to determine their cause, risk factors, and preventability, and to ascertain the barriers faced to obtaining health care. Findings The census identified 134406 Afghan refugees and 1197 deaths; a crude mortality rate of 5.5 (95% Cl 5.2-5.8) per thousand population. Among the 66 deaths among women of reproductive age, deaths due to maternal causes (n=27) exceeded any other cause 41% [95% CI 29-53]). 16 liveborn and nine stillborn infants were born to women who died of maternal causes: six of the liveborn infants died after birth, Therefore, 60% (15 of 24) of infants born to these women were either born dead or died after birth. Compared with women who died of non-maternal causes. women who died of maternal causes had a greater number of harriers to health care (p=0.001), and their deaths were more likely to be preventable (p<0.05). Interpretation Maternal deaths account for a substantial burden of mortality among Afghan refugee women of reproductive age in Pakistan. The high prevalence of barriers to health care access indicates opportunities for reducing maternal deaths in refugee women and their children. C1 CDCP, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Int Rescue Comm, Pakistan Off, Peshawar, Pakistan. RP Bartlett, LA (reprint author), CDCP, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD FEB 23 PY 2002 VL 359 IS 9307 BP 643 EP 649 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07808-X PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 526AZ UT WOS:000174107400006 PM 11879858 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Olsen, S Rupprecht, CE AF Hamir, AN Olsen, S Rupprecht, CE TI Granulomatous orchitis associated with Histoplasma-like organisms in porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article ID RACCOONS PROCYON-LOTOR; BAYLISASCARIS; VACCINE C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON W1M 0AT, ENGLAND SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD FEB 23 PY 2002 VL 150 IS 8 BP 251 EP 252 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 530UX UT WOS:000174378300018 PM 11916029 ER PT J AU Joseph, P Lei, YX Whong, WZ Ong, TM AF Joseph, P Lei, YX Whong, WZ Ong, TM TI Oncogenic potential of mouse translation elongation factor-15, a novel cadmium-responsive proto-oncogene SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-EXCHANGE PROTEIN; GAMMA-RELATED SEQUENCE; METAL CARCINOGENESIS; PTI-1 ONCOGENE; EXPRESSION; CANCER; CELLS; CARCINOMA; FIDELITY; BINDING AB The molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for cadmium-induced cell transformation and tumorigenesis were investigated using Balb/c-3T3 cells transformed with cadmium chloride. Differential display analysis of gene expression revealed consistent and reproducible overexpression of a transcript in the transformed cells compared with the nontransformed cells. The full-length cDNA corresponding to the differentially expressed transcript was cloned and was identified as mouse translation elongation factor-1delta subunit (TEF-1delta; GenBank(TM) accession number AF304351). Nucleotide sequence analysis of TEF-1delta cDNA revealed an open reading frame encoding the predicted protein of 281 amino acids and exhibited significant conservation with the corresponding protein of human, Xenopus laevis, and Artemia. The presence of a leucine zipper motif, characteristic of translation elongation factor-1delta, was also found in the mouse TEF-1delta. A 31-kDa protein was detected in eukaryotic cells transfected with an expression vector containing the TEF-1delta cDNA. Overexpression of the TEF-1delta protein by transfection was oncogenic in NlH3T3 cells as evidenced by the appearance of transformed foci exhibiting anchorage-independent growth and the potential to grow as tumors in nude mice. Blocking the translation of TEF-1delta with antisense TEF-1delta mRNA resulted in a significant reversal of the oncogenic potential of cadmium-transformed Balb/c-3T3 cells as evidenced from suppression in anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenesis in nude mice. Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that the cell transformation and tumorigenesis induced by cadmium are due, at least in part, to the overexpression of TEF-1delta, a novel cadmium-responsive proto-oncogene. C1 NIOSH, CDC, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Mol Epidemiol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Joseph, P (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Mol Epidemiol Lab, MS 3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 36 TC 50 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD FEB 22 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 8 BP 6131 EP 6136 DI 10.1074/jbc.M109373200 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 524AF UT WOS:000173989200059 PM 11711542 ER PT J AU Lathrop, SL Ball, R Haber, P Mootrey, GT Braun, MM Shadomy, SV Ellenberg, SS Chen, RT Hayes, EB AF Lathrop, SL Ball, R Haber, P Mootrey, GT Braun, MM Shadomy, SV Ellenberg, SS Chen, RT Hayes, EB TI Adverse event reports following vaccination for Lyme disease: December 1998-July 2000 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Lyme disease; vaccine adverse event reporting system; major histocompatibility complex; lyme vaccine; adverse events; safety ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; SYSTEM VAERS; ANTIBODY AB Context: The vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) monitors vaccine safety post-licensure. Although events reported to VAERS are not necessarily causally associated with vaccination, VAERS reports can be used to identify possible safety concerns that occur at too low a rate to have been identified prior to Licensure. Objective: To evaluate adverse events following Lyme disease vaccination reported to VAERS during the first 19 months of the vaccine's licensure. Design, setting, and participants: Analysis of all VAERS reports of adverse events following vaccination for Lyme disease in the US from 28 December 1998 to 31 July 2000. Main outcome measure: We evaluated reported adverse events for unexpected patterns in age, gender, time to onset, dose number, and clinical characteristics and compared them to adverse events observed in clinical trials of this vaccine. Results: Over 1,400,000 doses were distributed and 905 adverse events were reported to VAERS, 440 in men and 404 in women, with ages ranging from 10 to 82 years. The majority (56%) of adverse events occurred after administration of the first dose. The most frequently reported adverse events were arthralgia (250), myalgia (195), and pain (157). There were 59 reports coded as arthritis, 34 as arthrosis, 9 as rheumatoid arthritis, and 12 as facial paralysis. Sixty-six (7.4%) events were classified as serious, involving life-threatening illness, hospitalization, prolongation of hospitalization, persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or death. Twenty-two hypersensitivity reactions were reported. Conclusions: Based on reporting to VAERS, we did not detect unexpected or unusual patterns of reported adverse events following Lyme disease vaccine administration, other than hypersensitivity reactions, compared with adverse events observed in clinical trials. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Hayes, EB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 15 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 22 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 11-12 BP 1603 EP 1608 AR PII S0264-410X(01)00500-X DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00500-X PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 536DR UT WOS:000174685900017 PM 11858868 ER PT J AU LaMonte, A Shay, D Anderson, L AF LaMonte, A Shay, D Anderson, L TI Respiratory syncytial virus activity - United States, 2000-01 season (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 26-28, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID BRONCHIOLITIS-ASSOCIATED HOSPITALIZATIONS; INFECTION; CHILDREN; ADULTS C1 CDC, Resp & Enter Viruses Br, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP LaMonte, A (reprint author), CDC, Resp & Enter Viruses Br, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 20 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 7 BP 834 EP 835 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 522XP UT WOS:000173922500009 ER PT J AU Boodram, B Torian, L Thomas, P Wilt, S Pollock, D Bell, M Budnitz, D AF Boodram, B Torian, L Thomas, P Wilt, S Pollock, D Bell, M Budnitz, D TI Rapid assessment of injuries among survivors of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center - New York City, September 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 1-5, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Bellevue Hosp Ctr, Dept Emergency Med & Med Records, New York, NY 10016 USA. Beth Israel Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med & Med Records, New York, NY 10003 USA. New York Weill Cornell Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med & Med Records, New York, NY USA. St Vincents Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med & Med Records, New York, NY USA. New York Downtown Hosp, Dept Emergency Med & Med Records, New York, NY USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Integrated Surveillance Unit, New York, NY 10013 USA. CDC, Div Injury & Disabil Outcomes & Programs, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Boodram, B (reprint author), Bellevue Hosp Ctr, Dept Emergency Med & Med Records, New York, NY 10016 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 20 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 7 BP 835 EP 838 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 522XP UT WOS:000173922500010 ER PT J AU Cowper, S LeBoit, P Su, L Grossman, M Windham, G Gilliss, D Wersinger, E Jarvis, W Goveia, M AF Cowper, S LeBoit, P Su, L Grossman, M Windham, G Gilliss, D Wersinger, E Jarvis, W Goveia, M TI Fibrosing skin condition among patients with renal disease - United States and Europe, 1997-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 25-6, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Yale Univ, Dept Dermatol & Pathol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dermatopathol Sect, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Pathol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Columbia Presbyterian Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, New York, NY 10032 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Environm Hlth Invest Br, Sacramento, CA USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cowper, S (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Dermatol & Pathol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 20 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 7 BP 838 EP 838 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 522XP UT WOS:000173922500011 ER PT J AU Barakat, LA Quentzel, HL Jernigan, JA Kirschke, DL Griffith, K Spear, SM Kelley, K Barden, D Mayo, D Stephens, DS Popovic, T Marston, C Zaki, SR Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Carver, HW Meyer, RF Swerdlow, DL Mast, EE Hadler, JL AF Barakat, LA Quentzel, HL Jernigan, JA Kirschke, DL Griffith, K Spear, SM Kelley, K Barden, D Mayo, D Stephens, DS Popovic, T Marston, C Zaki, SR Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Carver, HW Meyer, RF Swerdlow, DL Mast, EE Hadler, JL CA Anthrax Bioterrorism Invest Team TI Fatal inhalational anthrax in a 94-year-old Connecticut woman SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SVERDLOVSK AB We describe the 11th case of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax reported in the United States. The presenting clinical features of this 94-year-old woman were subtle and nondistinctive. The diagnosis was recognized because blood cultures were obtained prior to administration of antibiotics, emphasizing the importance of this diagnostic test in evaluating ill patients who have been exposed to Bacillus anthracis. The patient's clinical course was characterized by progression of respiratory insufficiency, pleural effusions and pulmonary edema, and, ultimately, death. Although her B anthracis bacteremia was rapidly sterilized after initiation of antibiotic therapy, viable B anthracis was present in postmortem mediastinal lymph node specimens. The source of exposure to B anthracis in this patient is not known. Exposure to mail that was cross-contaminated as it passed through postal facilities contaminated with B anthracis spores is one hypothesis under investigation. C1 Griffin Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Derby, CT 06418 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Connecticut State Med Examiners Off, Hartford, CT USA. Connecticut Dept Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. RP Quentzel, HL (reprint author), Griffin Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, 130 Div St, Derby, CT 06418 USA. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012; Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 18 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 20 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 7 BP 863 EP 868 DI 10.1001/jama.287.7.863 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 522XP UT WOS:000173922500025 PM 11851578 ER PT J AU Gerberding, JL Hughes, JM Koplan, JP AF Gerberding, JL Hughes, JM Koplan, JP TI Bioterrorism preparedness and response - Clinicians and public health agencies as essential partners SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gerberding, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 20 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 7 BP 898 EP 900 DI 10.1001/jama.287.7.898 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 522XP UT WOS:000173922500031 PM 11851584 ER PT J AU Longnecker, MP Klebanoff, MA Brock, JW Zhou, HB Gray, KA Needham, LL Wilcox, AJ AF Longnecker, MP Klebanoff, MA Brock, JW Zhou, HB Gray, KA Needham, LL Wilcox, AJ TI Maternal serum level of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene and risk of cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and polythelia among male offspring SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abnormalities; androgen antagonists; androgens; cryptorchidism; DDE; hypospadias; nipples ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; SUPERNUMERARY NIPPLES; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PLASMA; DDE; DIFFERENTIATION; ANTIANDROGEN; PESTICIDES; FRACTIONS; P,P'-DDE AB 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) is a metabolite of the insecticide 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) and is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant. Nearly everyone in the United States has a detectable serum level of DDE. DDE was recently found to inhibit binding of androgen to its receptor and to block androgen action in rodents. Normal development of male genitalia in mammals depends on androgen action. The authors used stored serum samples to examine the relation between maternal DDE levels during pregnancy and adjusted odds of cryptorchidism (n = 219), hypospadias (n = 199), and polythelia (extra nipples) (n = 167) among male offspring, using a nested case-control design with one control group (n = 552). Subjects were selected from the Collaborative Perinatal Project, a US birth cohort study begun in 1959-1966, when DDE levels were much higher than they are at present. Compared with boys whose mother's recovery-adjusted serum DDE level was less than 21.4 mug/liter, boys with maternal levels greater than or equal to 85.6 mug/liter had adjusted odds ratios of 1.3 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7, 2.4) for cryptorchidism, 1.2 (95% CI: 0.6, 2.4) for hypospadias, and 1.9 (95% CI: 0.9, 4.0) for polythelia. For cryptorchidism and polythelia, the results were consistent with a modest-to-mode rate association, but in no instance was the estimate very precise. The results were inconclusive. C1 NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Durham, NC USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Longnecker, MP (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; OI Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322; Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311 NR 37 TC 118 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 4 BP 313 EP 322 DI 10.1093/aje/155.4.313 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 522WV UT WOS:000173920700005 PM 11836195 ER PT J AU Sharkawy, A Low, DE Saginur, R Gregson, D Schwartz, B Jessamine, P Green, K McGeer, A AF Sharkawy, A Low, DE Saginur, R Gregson, D Schwartz, B Jessamine, P Green, K McGeer, A CA Ontario Grp A Streptococcal Study TI Severe group A streptococcal soft-tissue infections in Ontario: 1992-1996 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS; SHOCK-LIKE SYNDROME; NECROTIZING FASCIITIS; CELLULITIS; BACTEREMIA; ASSOCIATION; EXPERIENCE; PYOGENES; CHILDREN AB A prospective, population-based, surveillance study of invasive soft-tissue infections due to group A streptococci was conducted in Ontario, Canada, from 1992 through 1996. Demographic and clinical information was obtained by patient interview and chart review. Isolates were characterized by M protein and T agglutination typing. The incidence of necrotizing fasciitis (NF) increased from 0.08 cases per 100,000 population in 1992 to 0.49 cases per 100,000 population in 1995. The case-fatality rate was 13% (68 of 520 patients died). Hypotension and multiorgan dysfunction complicated 64 cases (12%), and NF complicated 119 cases (23%). Underlying diabetes, alcohol abuse, cancer, and cardiac and pulmonary disease increased the risk of disease. Prior use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents did not influence disease severity. All 197 patients without NF, underlying illness, and hypotension at presentation survived, as did 95 (99%) of 96 normotensive patients who were <65 years old but who had underlying chronic illness. Previously healthy patients without hypotension or NF may be considered for outpatient treatment. C1 Univ Toronto, Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Univ Toronto, Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Med, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Ottawa Hosp, Dept Med, London, ON, Canada. St Josephs Hlth Ctr, Dept Med, London, ON, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McGeer, A (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Microbiol, 600 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. RI Low, Donald/B-1726-2012; mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014 OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137 NR 36 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 4 BP 454 EP 460 DI 10.1086/338466 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 514UD UT WOS:000173458700005 PM 11797171 ER PT J AU Johnson, SE Dykes, JK Jue, DL Sampson, JS Carlone, GM Ades, EW AF Johnson, SE Dykes, JK Jue, DL Sampson, JS Carlone, GM Ades, EW TI Inhibition of pneumococcal carriage in mice by subcutaneous immunization with peptides from the common surface protein pneumococcal surface adhesin A SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 17-21, 2000 CL TORONTO, CANADA ID T-CELL RESPONSES; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; CONJUGATE VACCINES; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; DISPLAY LIBRARY; MOUSE MODEL; IMMUNOGENICITY; PROTECTION AB Pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA), a common protein expressed on all 90 pneumococcal serotypes, is a vaccine candidate. Three anti-PsaA monoclonal antibody phage display-expressed monopeptides (15 mers), in various formulations as lipidated or nonlipidated multiantigenic peptides or as bi- or tripeptide constructs, were studied in a mouse nasopharyngeal carriage model to determine the inhibitory effect of induced antibodies on carriage of pneumococcal serotypes 2, 4, and 6B. Antibodies to each of the various peptides tested reduced carriage of the 3 serotypes. Reduction in carriage by nonlipidated multiantigenic peptide antibodies was highly variable (39%-94%; mean, 59%; standard deviation [SD], 20.2%); however, more-consistent results were observed in mice immunized with lipidated (56%-98%; mean, 69%; SD, 13.6%) and combination or bipeptide (55%-91%; mean, 76%; SD, 13.1%) formulations. These peptides are immunogenic, and their induced antibodies reduce carriage in mice. PsaA peptides demonstrate potential for being important new vaccines against pneumococcal carriage, otitis media, and invasive pneumococcal disease. C1 CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Sci Resources Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Johnson, SE (reprint author), CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Mailstop A36, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 NR 47 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 4 BP 489 EP 496 DI 10.1086/338928 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 517DM UT WOS:000173595900011 PM 11865401 ER PT J AU Gardella, C Marfin, AA Kahn, RH Swint, E Markowitz, LE AF Gardella, C Marfin, AA Kahn, RH Swint, E Markowitz, LE TI Persons with early syphilis identified through blood or plasma donation screening in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 25-28, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID TRANSFUSION SYPHILIS; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; DONOR BLOOD; SURVIVAL AB The number of persons with early syphilis who donated blood between 1995 and 2000 in the United States was estimated using data collected in the National Electronic Telecommunication System for Surveillance (NETSS). To distinguish paid from volunteer donors, cases reported in 2000 were analyzed. For the 6 years, 22 primary, 81 secondary, and 413 early latent syphilis cases were identified through donation screening. In 2000, 69 cases of early syphilis were identified through donation screening in 16 states. In 6 states that reported 53 of these cases, 31 case subjects (58%) were volunteer donors and 22 (42%) were paid donors. Eighty-one percent of volunteer donors and 64% of paid donors reported no risk factors for syphilis. After adjustment for variation in NETSS use, it was estimated that, over the 6 years, 1200 cases of early syphilis were detected nationally through donation screening, and 58% of the case subjects were volunteer donors. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gardella, C (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 1959 NE Pacific St,Box 35640, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 4 BP 545 EP 549 DI 10.1086/338829 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 517DM UT WOS:000173595900018 PM 11865408 ER PT J AU Roberts, CW Roberts, F Lyons, RE Kirisits, MJ Mui, EJ Finnerty, J Johnson, JJ Ferguson, DJP Coggins, JR Krell, T Coombs, GH Milhous, WK Kyle, DE Tzipori, S Barnwell, J Dame, JB Carlton, J McLeod, R AF Roberts, CW Roberts, F Lyons, RE Kirisits, MJ Mui, EJ Finnerty, J Johnson, JJ Ferguson, DJP Coggins, JR Krell, T Coombs, GH Milhous, WK Kyle, DE Tzipori, S Barnwell, J Dame, JB Carlton, J McLeod, R TI The shikimate pathway and its branches in apicomplexan parasites SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Insights on Infection and Immunity CY JAN 19, 2001 CL STANFORD UNIV MED CTR, FAIRCHILD AUDITORIUM, PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA HO STANFORD UNIV MED CTR, FAIRCHILD AUDITORIUM ID 3-DEOXY-D-ARABINO-HEPTULOSONATE 7-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; 5-ENOLPYRUVYLSHIKIMATE 3-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; CHORISMATE SYNTHASE; HERBICIDE GLYPHOSATE; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; EUGLENA-GRACILIS; EPSP SYNTHASE AB The shikimate pathway is essential for production of a plethora of aromatic compounds in plants, bacteria, and fungi. Seven enzymes of the shikimate pathway catalyze sequential conversion of erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenol pyruvate to chorismate. Chorismate is then used as a substrate for other pathways that culminate in production of folates, ubiquinone, napthoquinones, and the aromatic amino acids tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine. The shikimate pathway is absent from animals and present in the apicomplexan parasites Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium falciparum, and Cryptosporidium parvum. Inhibition of the pathway by glyphosate is effective in controlling growth of these parasites. These findings emphasize the potential benefits of developing additional effective inhibitors of the shikimate pathway. Such inhibitors may function as broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that are effective against bacterial and fungal pathogens and apicomplexan parasites. C1 Univ Chicago, Ctr Visual Sci, Dept Ophthalmol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Strathclyde, Dept Immunol, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Victoria Infirm, Dept Pathol, Glasgow G42 9TY, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Glasgow, Inst Biomed & Life Sci, Div Biochem & Mol Biol, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Nuffield Dept Pathol, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. Univ Chicago, Dept Visual Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Comm Genet, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Comm Immunol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Michael Reese Hosp, Dept Med, Chicago, IL USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Vet Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA USA. Univ Florida, Sch Vet Med, Gainesville, FL USA. RP McLeod, R (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Ctr Visual Sci, Dept Ophthalmol, AMBH S206,5841 S Maryland, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Roberts, Craig/B-8016-2008; Lyons, Russell/A-7051-2011; Russell, Lyons/H-7942-2013 OI Roberts, Craig/0000-0002-0653-835X; Russell, Lyons/0000-0002-0795-7994 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-44328] NR 105 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 185 SU 1 BP S25 EP S36 DI 10.1086/338004 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 517FP UT WOS:000173600700005 PM 11865437 ER PT J AU Izurieta, H Brana, M Dietz, V Venczel, L Carrasco, P Tambini, G Castillo-Solorzano, C Landaverde, M de Quadros, CA Pedreira, C Garib, Z Barrezueta, O Russo, R Garcia, G Laender, F Dobbins, J Andre, J Delormo, P AF Izurieta, H Brana, M Dietz, V Venczel, L Carrasco, P Tambini, G Castillo-Solorzano, C Landaverde, M de Quadros, CA Pedreira, C Garib, Z Barrezueta, O Russo, R Garcia, G Laender, F Dobbins, J Andre, J Delormo, P TI Progress toward interrupting indigenous measles transmission - Region of the Americas, January-November 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 1133-1137, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Pan Amer Hlth Org, Div Vaccines & Immunizat, Washington, DC USA. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Minist Hlth, Caracas, Venezuela. Minist Hlth, Port Au Prince, Haiti. Caribbean Epidemiol Ctr, Port Of Spain, Trinid & Tobago. CDC, Global Measles Br, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Resp & Enter Viruses Br, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Izurieta, H (reprint author), Pan Amer Hlth Org, Div Vaccines & Immunizat, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 13 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 6 BP 709 EP 710 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 520XR UT WOS:000173809500010 ER PT J AU Cody, SH Nainan, OV Garfein, RS Meyers, H Bell, BP Shapiro, CN Meeks, EL Pitt, H Mouzin, E Alter, MJ Margolis, HS Vugia, DJ AF Cody, SH Nainan, OV Garfein, RS Meyers, H Bell, BP Shapiro, CN Meeks, EL Pitt, H Mouzin, E Alter, MJ Margolis, HS Vugia, DJ TI Hepatitis C virus transmission from an anesthesiologist to a patient SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEALTH-CARE PERSONNEL; PERCUTANEOUS INJURIES; INFECTION-CONTROL; OUTBREAK; SURGEON; REGION AB Background: An anesthesiologist was diagnosed as having acute hepatitis C 3 days after providing anesthesia during the thoracotomy of a 64-year-old man (patient A). Eight weeks later, patient A was diagnosed as having acute hepatitis C. Methods: We performed tests for antibody to :hepatitis C virus (HCV) on serum samples from the thoracotomy surgical team and from surgical patients at the 2 hospitals where the anesthesiologist worked before and after his illness. We determined the genetic relatedness of the HCV isolates by sequencing the quasispecies from hypervariable region 1. Results: Of the surgical team members, only the anesthesiologist was positive for antibody to HCV. Of the 348 surgical patients treated by him and tested, 6 were positive for antibody to HCV. Of these 6 patients, isolates from 2 (patients A and B) were the same genotype (1a) as that of the anesthesiologist. The quasispecies sequences of these 3 isolates clustered with nucleotide identity of 97.8% to 100.0%. Patient B was positive for antibody to HCV before her surgery 9 weeks before the anesthesiologist's illness onset. The anesthesiologist did not perform any exposure-prone invasive procedures, and no breaks in technique or incidents were reported. He denied risk factors for HCV. Conclusions: Our investigation suggests that the anesthesiologist acquired HCV infection from patient B and transmitted HCV to patient A. No further transmission was identified. Although we did not establish how transmission occurred in this instance, the one previous report of bloodborne pathogen transmission to patients from an anesthesiologist involved reuse of needles for self-injection. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Cty Orange Hlth Care Agcy, Santa Ana, CA USA. Mem Hlth Serv, Long Beach, CA USA. RP Cody, SH (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, 2151 Berkeley Way,Room 708, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. NR 37 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD FEB 11 PY 2002 VL 162 IS 3 BP 345 EP 350 DI 10.1001/archinte.162.3.345 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 518WL UT WOS:000173690800014 PM 11822928 ER PT J AU Kazacos, KR Gavin, PJ Shulman, ST Gerber, SI Kennedy, WA Murray, WJ Mascola, L AF Kazacos, KR Gavin, PJ Shulman, ST Gerber, SI Kennedy, WA Murray, WJ Mascola, L CA CDC TI Raccoon roundworm encephalitis - Chicago, Illinois, and Los Angeles, California, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 1153, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID BAYLISASCARIS-PROCYONIS; LARVA MIGRANS; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS C1 Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Childrens Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Svcs, Los Angeles, CA USA. Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Los Angeles, CA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kazacos, KR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 6 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 5 BP 580 EP 581 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 518UR UT WOS:000173686700009 ER PT J AU Mohle-Boetani, J Werner, B Polumbo, M Farrar, J Vugia, D Anderson, S Komatsu, K Tagg, K Peterson, N Painter, J Van Dunn, S Winthrop, K Beatty, M AF Mohle-Boetani, J Werner, B Polumbo, M Farrar, J Vugia, D Anderson, S Komatsu, K Tagg, K Peterson, N Painter, J Van Dunn, S Winthrop, K Beatty, M CA CDC TI Alfalfa sprouts - Arizona, California, Colorado, and New Mexico, February-April 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 7, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mohle-Boetani, J (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 6 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 5 BP 581 EP 582 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 518UR UT WOS:000173686700010 ER PT J AU Anderson, RN Rosenberg, HM AF Anderson, RN Rosenberg, HM TI Changes in HIV-related deaths as a function of coding SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Anderson, RN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 6 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 5 BP 588 EP 588 DI 10.1001/jama.287.5.588 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 518UR UT WOS:000173686700025 PM 11829695 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Barker, LE Jain, RB Washington, ML Chu, SY Mokdad, AH AF Strine, TW Barker, LE Jain, RB Washington, ML Chu, SY Mokdad, AH TI Extraimmunization in children through 2000 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 6 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 5 BP 588 EP 589 DI 10.1001/jama.287.5.588-a PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 518UR UT WOS:000173686700026 PM 11829696 ER PT J AU Seward, JF Watson, BM Peterson, CL Mascola, L Peloso, JW Zhang, JX Maupin, TJ Goldman, GS Tabony, LJ Brodovicz, KG Jumaan, AO Wharton, M AF Seward, JF Watson, BM Peterson, CL Mascola, L Peloso, JW Zhang, JX Maupin, TJ Goldman, GS Tabony, LJ Brodovicz, KG Jumaan, AO Wharton, M TI Varicella disease after introduction of varicella vaccine in the United States, 1995-2000 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID POSTLICENSURE; IMMUNIZATION; SAFETY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; CHICKENPOX; LICENSURE AB Context Before licensure of varicella vaccine in 1995, varicella was a universal childhood disease in the United States, causing 4 million cases, 11000 hospitalizations, and 100 deaths every year. Objective To examine population-based disease surveillance data in 3 communities to document the impact of the varicella vaccination program. Design, Setting, and Subjects Active surveillance for varicella conducted among the populations of Antelope Valley, Calif; Travis County, Tex; and West Philadelphia, Pa; from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2000. Reporting sites included child care centers, schools, universities, physicians, public health clinics, hospitals, emergency departments, and households. Main Outcome Measures Trends in number and rate of varicella cases and hospitalizations; varicella vaccine coverage. Results From 1995 through 1998, in each surveillance area, the number of verified varicella cases varied from year to year with marked springtime seasonality. In 1999, the number and rates of varicella cases and hospitalizations declined markedly. From 1995 through 2000, in Antelope Valley, Travis County, and West Philadelphia, varicella cases declined 71%, 84%, and 79%, respectively. Cases declined to the greatest extent among children aged 1 to 4 years, but cases declined in all age groups, including infants and adults. In the combined 3 surveillance areas, hospitalizations due to varicella declined from a range of 2.7 to 4.2 per 100000 population in 1995 through 1998 to 0.6 and 1.5 per 100000 population in 1999 and 2000, respectively (P=.15). By 2000, vaccine coverage among children aged 19 to 35 months was 82.1%, 73.6%, and 83.8% in Los Angeles County, Texas, and Philadelphia County, respectively. Conclusions Varicella disease has declined dramatically in surveillance areas with moderate vaccine coverage. Continued implementation of existing vaccine policies should lead to further reductions of varicella disease in these communities and throughout the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. RP Seward, JF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 37 TC 324 Z9 346 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 6 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 5 BP 606 EP 611 DI 10.1001/jama.287.5.606 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 518UR UT WOS:000173686700029 PM 11829699 ER PT J AU Green, MD Mount, DL Nettey, H AF Green, MD Mount, DL Nettey, H TI High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the simultaneous determination of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine from whole blood dried onto filter paper SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE sulfadoxine; pyrimethamine ID HUMAN-PLASMA; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; METABOLITE; CHLOROQUINE; SAMPLES; EXTRACTION; SERUM AB A method using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography is evaluated for the simultaneous determination of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine from 0.1 ml of whole blood dried onto filter paper. Extraction recoveries are about 60% for both drugs. The coefficient of variation for intra-assay precision, inter-assay precision and accuracy is less than 10% for sulfadoxine (10-100 mug/ml) and pyrimethamine (1-10 mug/ml). Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 CDCP, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Green, MD (reprint author), CDCP, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop F-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD FEB 5 PY 2002 VL 767 IS 1 BP 159 EP 162 DI 10.1016/S0378-4347(01)00547-3 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 517YA UT WOS:000173637000019 PM 11863287 ER PT J AU Welch, K Morse, A AF Welch, K Morse, A CA Adult Spectrum Dis Project New Orl TI The clinical profile of end-stage AIDS in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; HIV-INFECTION; OPPORTUNISTIC DISEASE; SURVIVAL; IMPACT; SPECTRUM; ILLNESS AB The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical profile of end-stage acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). A cross-sectional examination of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients who attended a public HIV outpatient clinic and died between 1996 and 2001 was conducted (n = 669). All clinical and demographic data were collected from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Adult Spectrum of Disease database. The prevalence of first-tune acquisition of AIDS-defining conditions 12 months before death were evaluated. The prevalence of renal disease, hepatic disease and substance use were also evaluated. The majority of the patients were 35 years old or older, male, African American and HAART-experienced. The six AIDS-defining conditions with the highest percentages of first-time acquisition in the last 12 months of life were HIV dementia (91.8%), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) (91.7%), wasting (90.9%),Mycobacterium avium complex infection (MAC) (80.0%), lymphoma (78.6%), and cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) (78.1%). Forty-four percent of the patients were diagnosed with at least one of these six conditions 12 months before death. More than one third of the patients had renal or hepatic failure, injecting drug use (IDU) as the HIV risk factor, and history of substance use. AIDS-defining conditions continue to have an impact on mortality, especially the neurologic conditions and wasting. However, other conditions, such as renal and hepatic disease, are becoming important causes of mortality because the HIV-infected population now includes more drug users, and HIV-infected patients are surviving for longer periods. These results should help clinicians better time the discussion of end-stage options and improve the patient's quality of life. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, Adult Spectrum HIV Dis Study, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Welch, K (reprint author), HIV Outpatient Clin, 3rd Floor,136 S Roman St, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. NR 37 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD FEB PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2 BP 75 EP 81 DI 10.1089/10872910252806126 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 525EZ UT WOS:000174057000004 PM 11874639 ER PT J AU Jennes, W Sawadogo, S Vuylsteke, B Maurice, C Roels, TH Chorba, T Nkengasong, JN Kestens, L AF Jennes, W Sawadogo, S Vuylsteke, B Maurice, C Roels, TH Chorba, T Nkengasong, JN Kestens, L TI Positive association between beta-chemokine-producing T cells and HIV type 1 viral load in HIV-infected subjects in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN-1-BETA; IVORY-COAST; SUBTYPE-A; MACROPHAGE; RANTES; INDIVIDUALS; DISEASE; MIP-1-BETA; RESISTANCE AB The role of beta-chemokines in controlling HIV replication in vivo is still controversial. Therefore, the association between HIV-1 plasma viral load and the capacity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to produce beta-chemokines was studied in 28 antiretroviral drug-naive HIV-1-infected female sex workers in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Percentages of beta-chemokine-positive T cells were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by flow cytometry after intracellular staining for RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, and MIP-1beta. HIV-1-infected subjects had higher percentages of MIP-1alpha- and MIP-1beta-positive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (p<0.02) and of RANTES-positive CD8+ T cells (p=0.054) than uninfected controls. Percentages of RANTES-and MIP-1β-positive CD8+ T cells correlated directly with HIV-1 plasma viral load (p<0.02). Percentages of beta-chemokine-positive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells correlated directly with percentages of HLA-DR-positive T cells (p<0.02) and inversely (except RANTES in CD4+ T cells) with absolute numbers of CD4+ T cells (p<0.05) in peripheral blood. These data indicate that increased percentages of beta-chemokine-producing T cells in HIV-1-infected subjects correlate with disease progression and are a sign of viremia-driven chronic T cell activation. C1 Inst Trop Med, Dept Microbiol, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jennes, W (reprint author), Inst Trop Med, Dept Microbiol, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. RI Jennes, Wim/M-2523-2013 OI Jennes, Wim/0000-0002-3125-6389 NR 30 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 171 EP 177 DI 10.1089/08892220252781220 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 519UZ UT WOS:000173745000001 PM 11839151 ER PT J AU Van Dooren, S Switzer, WM Heneine, W Goubau, P Verschoor, E Parekh, B De Meurichy, W Furley, C Van Ranst, M Vandamme, AM AF Van Dooren, S Switzer, WM Heneine, W Goubau, P Verschoor, E Parekh, B De Meurichy, W Furley, C Van Ranst, M Vandamme, AM TI Lack of evidence for infection with simian immunodeficiency virus in bonobos SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS; PAN-PANISCUS; ORIGIN; AIDS; CHIMPANZEES; VACCINES; SEQUENCE; LHOESTI; SEARCH; HIV-1 C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rega Inst Med Res, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Catholic Univ Louvain, Virol Unit, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. Biomed Primate Res Ctr, Rijswijk, Netherlands. Royal Zool Soc Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. Howletts & Ports Lympne Estates, Lympne, England. RP Vandamme, AM (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rega Inst Med Res, Minderbroedersstr 10, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. EM Annemie.Vandamme@uz.kuleuven.ac.be RI Vandamme, Anne Mieke/I-4127-2012 OI Vandamme, Anne Mieke/0000-0002-6594-2766 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 213 EP 216 DI 10.1089/08892220252781275 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 519UZ UT WOS:000173745000006 PM 11839156 ER PT J AU Frank, E Wright, EH Serdula, MK Elon, LK Baldwin, G AF Frank, E Wright, EH Serdula, MK Elon, LK Baldwin, G TI Personal and professional nutrition-related practices of US female physicians SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE physicians; women; diet; nutrition; body weight; obesity; counseling; eating disorders; Women Physicians' Health Study; female physicians ID PRIMARY-CARE PRACTITIONERS; BINGE-EATING DISORDER; HEALTH PROMOTION; WOMEN PHYSICIANS; COUNSELING PRACTICES; PREVENTION; DISEASE; DETERMINANTS; STRATEGIES; INTERNISTS AB Background: The extent to which female physicians personally and clinically adhere to dietary recommendations is unknown and has implications for patients. Objectives: We aimed to identify US female physicians' personal and professional nutrition- and weight-related habits and to identify which, if any, of their personal habits predicted their clinical practices. Design: Our sample included the 4501 respondents to the Women Physicians' Health Study, a large, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study of the health behaviors and counseling practices of US female physicians. Results: Forty-three percent of physicians performed nutrition counseling, and 50% performed weight counseling with patients at least yearly. Forty-six percent thought that discussing nutrition was highly relevant to their practices, 47% thought the same about discussing weight, and 21% stated that they had received extensive related training. Primary care physicians, obstetricians-gynecologists, pediatricians, vegetarians, and those with a personal history of obesity were more likely to provide nutrition and weight counseling to patients. Female physicians report regularly performing more nutrition and weight counseling than they do most other types of prevention-related counseling. Female physicians report relatively healthy diet-related habits, and these personal habits are related to their likelihood to counsel their patients about nutrition and weight. Conclusions: Nutrition and weight-related issues are important to female physicians in both their personal and professional lives, and these 2 spheres influence each other. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Frank, E (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 69 Butler St, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [5T32-HL-07034] NR 39 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 75 IS 2 BP 326 EP 332 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 514EP UT WOS:000173425700021 PM 11815326 ER PT J AU Faith, MS Francis, L Sherry, B Scanlon, K Birch, LL AF Faith, MS Francis, L Sherry, B Scanlon, K Birch, LL TI Relationship between maternal feeding style and child energy intake and body composition: Findings from a quantitative and qualitative literature review. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, New York, NY 10025 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 75 IS 2 SU S MA P81 BP 364S EP 364S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 516FU UT WOS:000173542600080 ER PT J AU Sabel, JC VanEenwyk, J AF Sabel, JC VanEenwyk, J TI Food insecurity as a risk factor for obesity - Washington, 1995-1999. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Olympia, WA USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 75 IS 2 SU S MA 305 BP 434S EP 434S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 516FU UT WOS:000173542600303 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Greer, PW Gabastou, JM Chu, M Hayes, E Nolte, KB Zaki, SR AF Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Greer, PW Gabastou, JM Chu, M Hayes, E Nolte, KB Zaki, SR TI Immunohistochemical detection of Yersinia pestis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Yersinia pestis; immunohistochemistry ID PLAGUE AB Yersinia pestis infection usually is limited to lymph nodes (bubo); rarely, if bacteria are aerosolized, pneumonic plague occurs. We developed an immunohistochemical assay, using a monoclonal anti-fraction 1 Y pestis antibody for formalin-fixed tissues. We studied 6 cases using this technique. Respiratory symptoms were prominent in 2 cases; histologically, one showed intra-alveolar inflammation, and the other had alveolar hemorrhage and edema. By using the immunohistochemical assay, we found intact Yersinia and granular bacterial antigen staining in alveoli, bronchi, and blood vessels. Of the remaining cases, 2 had septicemia and 2 had a bubo. Pathologic changes included lymphocyte depletion, necrosis, edema, and foamy macrophages in lymph nodes; multiple abscesses in the spleen; fibrin thrombi in glomeruli; and unremarkable lungs. By using the immunohistochemical assay, we identified intact bacteria inside monocytes and granular antigen staining in blood vessels. The immunohistochemical assay, provided a fast, nonhazardous method for diagnosing plague. The immunohistochemical assay, localizes bacteria, retaining tissue morphologic features, and can help define transmission mechanisms. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. PanAmer Hlth Org, Quito, Ecuador. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Off Med Investigator, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Guarner, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Mailstop G32,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 117 IS 2 BP 205 EP 209 PG 5 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 518HK UT WOS:000173661600005 PM 11863216 ER PT J AU Redd, SC Mokdad, AH AF Redd, SC Mokdad, AH TI Invited commentary: Obesity and asthma - New perspectives, research needs, and implications for control programs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BODY-MASS INDEX; WEIGHT-GAIN; ADULTS C1 CDCP, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Assessment Branch, Data Management Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Redd, SC (reprint author), CDCP, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 3 BP 198 EP 200 DI 10.1093/aje/155.3.198 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 517LK UT WOS:000173611900002 PM 11821242 ER PT J AU Dellinger, AM Langlois, JA Li, GH AF Dellinger, AM Langlois, JA Li, GH TI Fatal crashes among older drivers: Decomposition of rates into contributing factors SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE accidents; traffic; age factors; automobile driving; mortality; motor vehicles AB This study selected US drivers aged 55 years or older who were involved in fatal crashes in 1990 and 1995 and explored factors that influenced their fatal crash involvement rate. The fatal crash involvement rate (risk of being involved in a fatal crash) can be thought of as the product of the crash fatality rate (risk of dying given a crash), the crash incidence density (risk of crash), and the exposure prevalence (amount of driving). Fatal crash involvement rates increased with age. The relative contributions of the crash incidence densities and exposure prevalences were greater than that of the crash fatality rates. The decomposition methodology was shown to be a useful method for investigating the potential benefit of crash prevention interventions aimed at different components of the fatal crash involvement rate. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Injury Res & Policy, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Dellinger, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 20 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 3 BP 234 EP 241 DI 10.1093/aje/155.3.234 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 517LK UT WOS:000173611900008 PM 11821248 ER PT J AU Epps, B Edwards, JR Sohn, AH Horan, TC Gaynes, RP AF Epps, B Edwards, JR Sohn, AH Horan, TC Gaynes, RP TI Improving benchmarks for surveillance by defining types of pediatric intensive care units SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Letter ID NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION-RATES; ADULT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Epps, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 SI SI BP 68 EP 70 DI 10.1067/mic.2002.121273 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 524CH UT WOS:000173994100014 PM 11852422 ER PT J AU Davis, RL Schuchat, A AF Davis, RL Schuchat, A TI Implementation of group B Streptococcus prevention strategy - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID DISEASE C1 Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Davis, RL (reprint author), Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, 1730 Minor Ave,Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 186 IS 2 BP 335 EP 335 DI 10.1067/mob.2002.119715 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 524CJ UT WOS:000173994200032 ER PT J AU Shevlin, JD Summers-Bean, C Thomas, D Whitney, CG Todd, D Ray, SM AF Shevlin, JD Summers-Bean, C Thomas, D Whitney, CG Todd, D Ray, SM TI A systematic approach for increasing pneumococcal vaccination rates at an inner-city public hospital SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th National Immunization Conference CY JUL, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. DE adult; delivery of health care; guideline adherence; hospital; hospital communication systems; immunization; medication systems; pneumococcal vaccines; reminder systems ID HIGH-RISK ADULTS; INFLUENZA; PROGRAM; IMMUNIZATION AB Background: While the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends a standing order as the most effective mechanism to increase pneumococcal and influenza vaccination rates, Georgia's Medical Practice Act does not authorize nurses to screen, order, and administer adult vaccines in inpatient settings. Methods: The setting was a 1000-bed public teaching hospital in metropolitan Atlanta. A 1-month intervention (INT1) included four wards randomized to intervention or control. A 5-month hospital-wide intervention (INT2) followed INT1. The intervention used was provider reminder with in-service training. Chart review was the measure used. The main outcome was pneumococcal vaccination prior to discharge. Results: During INT1, 534 patients (296 intervention and 238 control) were discharged. Of the 534 patients, 475 (89.0%) were African American, 188 (35.2%,) were uninsured, and the median age was 48 (range 19 to 96). Of the 205 intervention patients with vaccine indications and no contraindications, 78 of 205 (38%) were vaccinated compared to 7 of 143 (4.9%) of the control patients (P<0.001). During INT2, 879 patient charts were reviewed. Patient demographics were similar to INT1. However, of 554 eligible patients, 16% were vaccinated, significantly higher than control floors during INT1 (p<0.001). Although nurses initiated the form almost 70% of the time, physicians assessed fewer than 35% of patients with indications. Conclusions: Significantly higher proportions of high-risk patients were vaccinated through the use of a preprinted nurse screening and physician order form. However, a significant percentage of patients did not receive the vaccine owing to the physician's failure to order it. In these cases, use of standing orders would have further increased vaccination rates while also promoting a more sustainable program. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div ID, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Atlanta Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Grady Hlth Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ray, SM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div ID, 69 Butler St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 22 IS 2 BP 92 EP 97 AR PII S0749-3797(01)00408-1 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00408-1 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 529VR UT WOS:000174322100003 PM 11818177 ER PT J AU LeBaron, CW Lyons, B Massoudi, M Stevenson, J AF LeBaron, CW Lyons, B Massoudi, M Stevenson, J TI Childhood vaccination providers in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Objectives. This study sought to provide a characterization of US childhood vaccination providers. Methods. The state was used as the analytic unit in examining 1997 data from the National Immunization Survey and the Vaccines for Children program, state immunization reports, and natality records. Results. Overall, 57% of children were vaccinated in the private sector, 18% were vaccinated in the public sector, and 25% were vaccinated by a mixture of providers. Of the 50 883 immunization sites, 81% were private and 19% public. Average patient load was 77 infants per site. Private-sector patient loads were lower than public-sector loads. Conclusions. US childhood vaccination provider capacity is adequate. Efforts to raise coverage rates should focus on increasing preventive care use among children, improving the vaccination performance of providers, and ensuring continuity of care. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP LeBaron, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Mail Stop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2002 VL 92 IS 2 BP 266 EP 270 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.2.266 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 516MX UT WOS:000173558000028 PM 11818303 ER PT J AU Weinstock, H Dale, M Linley, L Gwinn, M AF Weinstock, H Dale, M Linley, L Gwinn, M TI Unrecognized HIV infection among patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; UNITED-STATES; SEROPREVALENCE; PREVALENCE AB Objectives. This study examined voluntary HIV testing rates in sexually transmitted disease (STD) Clinics. Methods. Anonymous, unlinked surveys of HIV seroprevalence and medical chart abstractions were conducted in 28 STD clinics in 14 US cities in 1997. Results. Among the 52 260 patients included in the anonymous HIV serosurveys, voluntary HIV testing rates by clinic ranged from 30% to 99% (median = 58%). Patients not tested were more likely to be HIV infected than were patients who were tested, even after those with documented HIV infection were excluded, regardless of demographic characteristics, risk group, or STD diagnosis. Conclusions. HIV infection is unrecognized in substantial numbers of patients with HIV infection visiting STD clinics. Efforts are needed to increase HIV testing and counseling of all patients visiting these clinics. C1 CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Weinstock, H (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2002 VL 92 IS 2 BP 280 EP 283 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.2.280 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 516MX UT WOS:000173558000031 PM 11818306 ER PT J AU Baird, JB Charles, JL Streit, TG Roberts, JM Addiss, DG Lammie, PJ AF Baird, JB Charles, JL Streit, TG Roberts, JM Addiss, DG Lammie, PJ TI Reactivity to bacterial, fungal, and parasite antigens in patients with lymphedema and elephantiasis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; HAITIAN PEDIATRIC POPULATION; BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS; IMMUNE RESPONSIVENESS; INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS; DISEASE AB Both secondary infections and antifilarial immunity are thought to play roles in the development and progression of lymphedema. To investigate this issue, immune responses to a panel of bacterial. fungal, and parasite antigens were examined for women with lymphedema and elephantiasis (n = 28) and for women with no clinical evidence of lymphatic dysfunction who were either microfilaremic (Mf+, n = 23) or microfilaria- and filarial antigen-negative (Ag-, n = 24). The prevalence and intensity of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses was similar for most recall antigens; for individual antigens, lymphedema patients were significantly more likely to be reactive only to Proteus. Lymphedema patients with a history of three or more attacks of adenolymphangitis in the last 18 months showed increased DTH reactivity to Trichophyton. Proliferative responses to fungal and bacterial antigens were similar for all three groups however, antigen-negative women, independent of disease status, mounted greater responses to filarial antigen. In contrast, lymphedema patients had higher levels of antifilarial specific IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 and higher IgG responses to streptolysin O than either Ag- or Mf+ women. In persons with lymphatic filariasis, immune reactivity is influenced by disease status as well as infection status. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Hop St Croix, Leogane, Haiti. Univ Georgia, Dept Cellular Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Lammie, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F-13,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 163 EP 169 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 571KY UT WOS:000176717600012 PM 12135288 ER PT J AU Enscore, RE Biggerstaff, BJ Brown, TL Fulgham, RF Reynolds, PJ Engelthaler, DM Levy, CE Parmenter, RR Montenieri, JA Cheek, JE Grinnell, RK Ettestad, PJ Gage, KL AF Enscore, RE Biggerstaff, BJ Brown, TL Fulgham, RF Reynolds, PJ Engelthaler, DM Levy, CE Parmenter, RR Montenieri, JA Cheek, JE Grinnell, RK Ettestad, PJ Gage, KL TI Modeling relationships between climate and the frequency of human plague cases in the southwestern United States, 1960-1997 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID REGRESSION-MODELS; SMALL MAMMALS; TIME-SERIES; NEW-MEXICO; PATTERNS; RODENTS; DESERT; PRECIPITATION; RESPONSES; TRANSMISSION AB The relationships between climatic variables and the frequency of human Plague Cases ( 1960-1997) were modeled by Poisson regression for two adjoining regions in northeastern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico, Model outputs closely agreed with the numbers of cases actually observed, suggesting that temporal variations in plague risk can be estimated by monitoring key climatic variables, most notably maximum daily summer temperature values and time-lagged (1 and 2 year) amounts of late winter (February-March) precipitation. Significant effects also were observed for time-lagged (1 year) summer precipitation in the Arizona model, Increased precipitation during specific periods resulted in increased numbers of expected cases in both regions, as did the number of days above certain lower thresholds for maximum daily summer temperatures (80degreesF in New Mexico and 85degreesF in Arizona), The number of days above certain high-threshold temperatures exerted a strongly negative influence On the numbers of expected cases in both the Arizona and New Mexico models (95degreesF and 90degreesE respectively). The climatic variables found to be important in our models are those that would be expected to influence strongly the population dynamics of the rodent hosts and flea vectors of plague. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. New Mexico Environm Dept, Vector Control Program, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Navajo Area, Off Environm Hlth & Engn, Window Rock, AZ 86515 USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Vector Borne & Zoonot Dis Sect, Phoenix, AZ 85015 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Indiana Hlth Serv, Epidemiol Branch, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Indiana Hlth Serv, Off Environm Hlth & Epidemiol, Albuquerque Area, Albuquerque, NM USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Off Epidemiol, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Enscore, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 61 TC 95 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 186 EP 196 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 571KY UT WOS:000176717600016 PM 12135292 ER PT J AU Paddock, CD Brenner, O Vaid, C Boyd, DB Berg, JM Joseph, RJ Zaki, SR Childs, JE AF Paddock, CD Brenner, O Vaid, C Boyd, DB Berg, JM Joseph, RJ Zaki, SR Childs, JE TI Short report: Concurrent rocky mountain spotted fever in a dog and its owner SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RICKETTSIA AB A sequential occurrence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) in a dog and its owner is described. Diagnosis of RMSF in the animal guided subsequent testing for and diagnosis of the same disease in the human patient. Previous reports of concurrent RMSF in dogs and their owners are reviewed, and the epidemiologic significance of this occurrence is discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Greenwich Med Grp, Greenwich, CT 06830 USA. RP Paddock, CD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, MS G-13,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 14 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 197 EP 199 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 571KY UT WOS:000176717600017 PM 12135293 ER PT J AU Vorndam, V Beltran, M AF Vorndam, V Beltran, M TI Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-format microneutralization test for dengue viruses SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID REDUCTION NEUTRALIZATION; IMMUNOASSAY; ANTIBODIES; ELISA AB A microneutralization test that measures anti-dengue antibodies was developed. Serum dilutions, neutralization reactions, and virus growth were performed in 96-well plates. After incubation. all enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that used mouse anti-dengue antibodies and an enzyme-conjugated anti-mouse antibody was used to measure cell-associated viral antigens. The resulting optical density readings were processed and graphed automatically by a spreadsheet program. This procedure provided results that are essentially the same as those from the plaque-reduction neutralization test for serum samples from primary dengue virus infections. but results correlated poorly with results from samples from people with secondary infections. The test offers the advantages of case of performance. ease in the calculation of results, lower cost. and increased speed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Dept Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. RP Vorndam, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Dept Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. NR 19 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 208 EP 212 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 571KY UT WOS:000176717600019 PM 12135295 ER PT J AU Vesper, HW Demers, LM Eastell, R Garnero, P Kleerekoper, M Robins, SP Srivastava, AK Warnick, GR Watts, NB Myers, GL AF Vesper, HW Demers, LM Eastell, R Garnero, P Kleerekoper, M Robins, SP Srivastava, AK Warnick, GR Watts, NB Myers, GL TI Assessment and recommendations on factors contributing to preanalytical variability of urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID PYRIDINIUM CROSS-LINKS; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; COLLAGEN DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; LONG-DISTANCE RUNNERS; DIETARY-SODIUM INTAKE; VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY; LEAN BODY-MASS; BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS AB Background: Pyridinoline (PYD) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) are two of the most extensively characterized biochemical bone markers, but the interpretation of results is hampered by biologic and other preanalytical variability. We reviewed factors contributing to preanalytical variation of pyridinium cross-links in urine. Methods: We searched four databases for English-language reports on PYD and/or DPD in urine. Searches were restricted to humans, except for studies of stability, when the search was expanded to other species. The 599 identified articles were supplemented with references from those articles and with articles known to the authors. Results: The mean reported within-day variability was 71% for PYD (range, 57-78%) and 67% for DPD (range, 53-75%). The mean interday variability was 16% for both DPD and PYD (range for PYD, 12-21%; range for 131713, 5-24%). The mean intersubject variabilities across studies were 26% for PYD (range, 12-63%) and 34% for DPD (range, 8-98%) for healthy premenopausal women and 36% (range, 22-61%) and 40%, (range, 27-54%) for postmenopausal women, respectively. Specimen instability and errors in creatinine measurements were additional sources of variability. Conclusions: Intra- and intersubject variability can be reduced by collecting specimens at a specific time of the day and by maintaining similar patient status at each specimen collection regarding factors such as medications and dietary supplements. (C) 2002 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. No Gen Hosp, Sheffield S5 7AU, S Yorkshire, England. INSERM, Res Unite 403, F-69003 Lyon, France. Synarc, F-69003 Lyon, France. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Rowett Res Inst, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland. JL Pettis Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Loma Linda, CA 92357 USA. Pacific Biometr Res Fdn, Issaquah, WA 98027 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Vesper, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Eastell, Richard/G-5851-2011 OI Eastell, Richard/0000-0002-0323-3366 NR 215 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 48 IS 2 BP 220 EP 235 PG 16 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 515WX UT WOS:000173520600002 PM 11805003 ER PT J AU Chapman, LE Ellis, BA Koster, FT Sotir, M Ksiazek, TG Mertz, GJ Rollin, PE Baum, KF Pavia, AT Christenson, JC Rubin, PJ Jolson, HM Behrman, RE Khan, AS Bell, LJW Simpson, GL Hawk, J Holman, RC Peters, CJ AF Chapman, LE Ellis, BA Koster, FT Sotir, M Ksiazek, TG Mertz, GJ Rollin, PE Baum, KF Pavia, AT Christenson, JC Rubin, PJ Jolson, HM Behrman, RE Khan, AS Bell, LJW Simpson, GL Hawk, J Holman, RC Peters, CJ CA Ribavirin Study Grp TI Discriminators between hantavirus-infected and -uninfected persons enrolled in a trial of intravenous ribavirin for presumptive hantavirus pulmonary syndrome SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DISEASE AB To provide a potentially therapeutic intervention and to collect clinical and laboratory data during an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), 140 patients from the United States with suspected HPS were enrolled for investigational intravenous ribavirin treatment. HPS was subsequently laboratory confirmed in 30 persons and not confirmed in 105 persons with adequate specimens. Patients with HPS were significantly more likely than were hantavirus-negative patients to report myalgias from onset of symptoms through hospitalization, nausea at outpatient presentation, and diarrhea and nausea at the time of hospitalization; they were significantly less likely to report respiratory symptoms early in the illness. The groups did not differ with regard to time from the onset of illness to the point at which they sought care; time from onset, hospitalization, or enrollment to death was significantly shorter for patients with HPS. At the time of hospitalization, patients with HPS more commonly had myelocytes, metamyelocytes, or promyelocytes on a peripheral blood smear, and significantly more of them had thrombocytopenia, hemoconcentration, and hypocapnia. Patterns of clinical symptoms, the pace of clinical evolution, and specific clinical laboratory parameters discriminated between these 2 groups. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hantavirus Task Force, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Infect Dis Consultants Ltd, Phoenix, AZ USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Denver, CO USA. RP Chapman, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Mailstop A-12,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 3 BP 293 EP 304 DI 10.1086/324619 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 507UF UT WOS:000173049100001 PM 11774075 ER PT J AU Pegues, DA Lasker, BA McNeil, MM Hamm, PM Lundal, JL Kubak, BM AF Pegues, DA Lasker, BA McNeil, MM Hamm, PM Lundal, JL Kubak, BM TI Cluster of cases of invasive aspergillosis in a transplant intensive care unit: Evidence of person-to-person airborne transmission SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID NOSOCOMIAL ASPERGILLOSIS; FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; DNA PROBES; FUMIGATUS; RECIPIENTS; CONSTRUCTION; PREVENTION AB In October 1998, a patient developed deep surgical-site and organ-space infection with Aspergillus fumigatus 11 days after undergoing liver retransplantation; subsequently, 2 additional patients in the transplant intensive care unit had invasive pulmonary infection with A. fumigatus diagnosed. It was determined that debriding and dressing wounds infected with Aspergillus species may result in aerosolization of spores and airborne person-to-person transmission. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, Dept Hosp Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pegues, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, 37-121 CHS,10833 LeConte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 28 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 3 BP 412 EP 416 DI 10.1086/338025 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 507UF UT WOS:000173049100020 PM 11753826 ER PT J AU Artz, L Demand, M Pulley, L Posner, SF Macaluso, M AF Artz, L Demand, M Pulley, L Posner, SF Macaluso, M TI Predictors of difficulty inserting the female condom SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Article DE Female condoms; contraceptive devices; Behavioral interventions; sexually transmitted diseases; HIV/AIDS prevention ID ACCEPTABILITY AB This article describes the frequency of initial difficulty inserting the female condom and identifies predictors of insertion difficulty among women at risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Female STD clinic patients (n = 1144) were taught how to insert the female condom by using an anatomic model, then given an opportunity for self-insertion practice. Correct placement of the condom was verified by a nurse clinician, and the number of attempts required for Correct insertion was recorded. Sociodemographic and psychosocial predictors of refusing the insertion practice and of difficulty inserting the female condom were evaluated using logistic regression. Only 5% of study participants refused the self-insertion practice. Women who never had a Papanicolaou smear test, did not use tampons, never used an inserted method of STD prevention/birth control, and disliked the insertion features of intravaginal barrier methods were more likely to refuse the self-insertion practice. Of those who attempted self-insertion, 25% were unable to insert the female condom correctly on the first attempt. Women who never expressed their sexual likes and were indifferent to the positive features of intravaginal contraceptive methods were more likely to experience difficulty their first insertion attempt. Other variables associated with insertion difficulty included longer fingernails. Insertion refusal and difficulty affect use of the female condom for a sizable proportion of women. Women in this study who refused the self-insertion practice had greater aversion to inserting intravaginal barrier methods. Women who had initial difficulty inserting the female condom had a different profile from those who refused and can benefit from intensive skills training that includes supervised self-insertion practice. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Int Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Macaluso, M (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Int Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015; OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690; Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 BP 151 EP 157 AR PII S0010-7824(01)00286-4 DI 10.1016/S0010-7824(01)00286-4 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 538ZB UT WOS:000174844000005 PM 11927118 ER PT J AU Curb, JD Waitzfelder, B Chung, R Latare, P Honbo, L Dudley, RA Rodriguez, B Abbott, R Humphry, J Glavan, R White, A Forbes, K Cooper, J Baldino, R Nakano, E Marrero, DG Williams, SR Weinberger, M Tierney, WM Kirkman, MS Selby, JV Swain, BE Karter, AJ Ferrara, A Mangione, CM Brown, AF Brusuelas, R Shapiro, MF Ettner, S Ho, S Gutierrez, PR Steers, N Nagy, C Safford, MH Caputo, DA Brimacombe, M Hom, D Kountz, D Pogach, L Russell, L Zhang, QW Bendich, D Singer, J Chard, J Snyder, R Davis, G Herman, WH Goewey, J Averill, D Burke, R Tabaei, B Zhou, HH Sowab, W Fearer, K Serpe, R Risley, AJ Cowan, DN Samuel, TD Garfield, A Narayan, KMV Moore, B Thompson, T Gregg, EW Gerzoff, R Engelgau, MM Beckles, G Boyle, P Rolka, D Smith, BRK AF Curb, JD Waitzfelder, B Chung, R Latare, P Honbo, L Dudley, RA Rodriguez, B Abbott, R Humphry, J Glavan, R White, A Forbes, K Cooper, J Baldino, R Nakano, E Marrero, DG Williams, SR Weinberger, M Tierney, WM Kirkman, MS Selby, JV Swain, BE Karter, AJ Ferrara, A Mangione, CM Brown, AF Brusuelas, R Shapiro, MF Ettner, S Ho, S Gutierrez, PR Steers, N Nagy, C Safford, MH Caputo, DA Brimacombe, M Hom, D Kountz, D Pogach, L Russell, L Zhang, QW Bendich, D Singer, J Chard, J Snyder, R Davis, G Herman, WH Goewey, J Averill, D Burke, R Tabaei, B Zhou, HH Sowab, W Fearer, K Serpe, R Risley, AJ Cowan, DN Samuel, TD Garfield, A Narayan, KMV Moore, B Thompson, T Gregg, EW Gerzoff, R Engelgau, MM Beckles, G Boyle, P Rolka, D Smith, BRK CA TRIAD Study Grp TI The Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) Study: A multicenter study of diabetes in managed care SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; PHYSICIANS; VALIDITY; MELLITUS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gregg, EW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 28 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD FEB PY 2002 VL 25 IS 2 BP 386 EP 389 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 515XU UT WOS:000173522600023 ER PT J AU Schwan, TG Piesman, J AF Schwan, TG Piesman, J TI Vector interactions and molecular adaptations of Lyme disease and relapsing fever spirochetes associated with transmission by ticks SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID OUTER-SURFACE-PROTEIN; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI TRANSMISSION; IXODES-DAMMINI; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; SALIVARY-GLANDS; MICE; SCAPULARIS; GROWTH; OSPC AB Pathogenic spirochetes in the genus Borrelia are transmitted primarily by two families of ticks. The Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, is transmitted by the slow-feeding ixodid tick Ixodes scapularis, whereas the relapsing fever spirochete, B. hermsii, is transmitted by Ornithodoros hermsi, a fast-feeding argasid tick. Lyme disease spirochetes are generally restricted to the midgut in unfed I. scapularis. When nymphal ticks feed, the bacteria pass through the hemocoel to the salivary glands and are transmitted to a new host in the saliva after 2 days. Relapsing fever spirochetes infect the midgut in unfed O. hermsi but persist in other sites including the salivary glands. Thus, relapsing fever spirochetes are efficiently transmitted in saliva by these fast-feeding ticks within minutes of their attachment to a mammalian host. We describe how B. burgdorferi and B. hermsii change their outer surface during their alternating infections in ticks and mammals, which in turn suggests biological functions for a few surface-exposed lipoproteins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. NIH, Hamilton, MT USA. RP Schwan, TG (reprint author), NIAID, Rocky Mt Labs, Lab Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, 903 S 4th St, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. NR 55 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 8 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2002 VL 8 IS 2 BP 115 EP 121 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 520AM UT WOS:000173757800001 PM 11897061 ER PT J AU Woods, CW Karpati, AM Grein, T McCarthy, N Gaturuku, P Muchiri, E Dunster, L Henderson, A Khan, AS Swanepoel, R Bonmarin, I Martin, L Mann, P Smoak, BL Ryan, M Ksiazek, TG Arthur, RR Ndikuyeze, A Agata, NN Peters, CJ AF Woods, CW Karpati, AM Grein, T McCarthy, N Gaturuku, P Muchiri, E Dunster, L Henderson, A Khan, AS Swanepoel, R Bonmarin, I Martin, L Mann, P Smoak, BL Ryan, M Ksiazek, TG Arthur, RR Ndikuyeze, A Agata, NN Peters, CJ CA World Hlth Org Hemorrhagic Fever T TI An outbreak of Rift Valley fever in northeastern Kenya, 1997-98 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M ANTIBODIES; DOMESTIC-ANIMALS; SOUTH-AFRICA; HUMAN-SERA; VIRUS; EPIDEMIC; EGYPT; DIPTERA; VECTOR AB In December 1997, 170 hemorrhagic fever-associated deaths were reported in Garissa District, Kenya. Laboratory testing identified evidence of acute Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). Of the 171 persons enrolled in a cross-sectional study, 31(18%) were anti-RVFV immunoglobulin (Ig) M positive. An age-adjusted IgM antibody prevalence of 14% was estimated for the district. We estimate approximately 27,500 infections occurred in Garissa District, making this the largest recorded outbreak of RVFV in East Africa. In multivariable analysis, contact with sheep body fluids and sheltering livestock in one's home were significantly associated with infection. Direct contact with animals, particularly contact with sheep body fluids, was the most important modifiable risk factor for RVFV infection. Public education during epizootics may reduce human illness and deaths associated with future outbreaks. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. European Union, EPIET, St Maurice, France. EPICENTRE, Paris, France. Kenya Minist Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. NIV, Johannesburg, South Africa. WHO, African Reg Off, Harare, Zimbabwe. Medecins Sans Frontieres, Paris, France. RP Woods, CW (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Clin Microbiol Lab, Box 3824, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RI McCarthy, Noel/K-3314-2012 NR 36 TC 142 Z9 149 U1 3 U2 15 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2002 VL 8 IS 2 BP 138 EP 144 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 520AM UT WOS:000173757800004 PM 11897064 ER PT J AU Hajjeh, RA Relman, D Cieslak, PR Sofair, AN Passaro, D Flood, J Johnson, J Hacker, JK Shieh, WJ Hendry, RM Nikkari, S Ladd-Wilson, S Hadler, J Rainbow, J Tappero, JW Woods, CW Conn, L Reagan, S Zaki, S Perkins, BA AF Hajjeh, RA Relman, D Cieslak, PR Sofair, AN Passaro, D Flood, J Johnson, J Hacker, JK Shieh, WJ Hendry, RM Nikkari, S Ladd-Wilson, S Hadler, J Rainbow, J Tappero, JW Woods, CW Conn, L Reagan, S Zaki, S Perkins, BA CA Unexplained Deaths Critical Illnes TI Surveillance for unexplained deaths and critical illnesses due to possibly infectious causes, United States, 1995-1998 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFICATION; PATHOGENESIS; DIAGNOSIS; OUTBREAK; DISEASE; PCR AB Population-based surveillance for unexplained death and critical illness possibly due to infectious causes (UNEX) was conducted in four U.S. Emerging Infections Program sites (population 7.7 million) from May 1, 1995, to December 31, 1998, to define the incidence, epidemiologic features, and etiology of this syndrome. A case was defined as death or critical illness in a hospitalized, previously healthy person, 1 to 49 years of age, with infection hallmarks but no cause identified after routine testing. A total of 137 cases were identified (incidence rate 0.5 per 100,000 per year). Patients' median age was 20 years, 72 (53%) were female, 112 (82 10) were white, and 41 (30%) died. The most common clinical presentations were neurologic (29%), respiratory (27 Io), and cardiac (21%). Infectious causes were identified for 34 cases (28% of the 122 cases with clinical specimens); 23 (68%) were diagnosed by reference serologic tests, and 11 (32%) by polymerase chain reaction-based methods. The UNEX network model would improve U.S. diagnostic capacities and preparedness for emerging infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Emerging Infect Program, Portland, OR USA. Emerging Infect Program, Hartford, CT USA. Emerging Infect Program, San Francisco, CA USA. Emerging Infect Program, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Hajjeh, RA (reprint author), CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mailstop C09,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2002 VL 8 IS 2 BP 145 EP + PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 520AM UT WOS:000173757800005 PM 11897065 ER PT J AU Uyeki, TM Chong, YH Katz, JM Lim, W Ho, YY Wang, SS Tsang, THF Au, WWY Chan, SC Rowe, T Hu-Primmer, J Bell, JC Thompson, WW Bridges, CB Cox, NJ Mak, KH Fukuda, K AF Uyeki, TM Chong, YH Katz, JM Lim, W Ho, YY Wang, SS Tsang, THF Au, WWY Chan, SC Rowe, T Hu-Primmer, J Bell, JC Thompson, WW Bridges, CB Cox, NJ Mak, KH Fukuda, K TI Lack of evidence for human-to-human transmission of avian influenza A (H9N2) viruses in Hong Kong, China, 1999 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA ID A H5N1 VIRUS; INFECTION; ANTIBODY; DISEASE; RISK AB In April 1999, isolation of avian influenza A (H9N2) viruses from humans was confirmed for the first time. H9N2 viruses were isolated from nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens collected from two children who were hospitalized with uncomplicated, febrile, upper respiratory tract illnesses in Hong Kong during March 1999. Novel influenza viruses have the potential to initiate global pandemics if they are sufficiently transmissible among humans. We conducted four retrospective cohort studies of persons exposed to these two H9N2 patients to assess whether human-to-human transmission of avian H9N2 viruses had occurred. No serologic evidence of H9N2 infection was found in family members or health-care workers who had close contact with the H9N2-infected children, suggesting that these H9N2 viruses were not easily transmitted from person to person. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hong Kong Special Adm Reg, Dept Hlth, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Uyeki, TM (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, Mailstop A32,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2002 VL 8 IS 2 BP 154 EP 159 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 520AM UT WOS:000173757800006 PM 11897066 ER PT J AU Kaiser, RM Garman, RL Bruce, MG Weyant, RS Ashford, DA AF Kaiser, RM Garman, RL Bruce, MG Weyant, RS Ashford, DA TI Clinical significance and epidemiology of NO-1, an unusual bacterium associated with dog and cat bites SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; INJURIES AB From 1974 to 1998, 22 isolates of an unusual bacterium, designated as CDC nonoxidizer 1 group (NO-1), were sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for identification. The organism's phenotypic characteristics were similar to asaccharolytic strains of Acinetobacter, but differed in their cellular morphology and cellular fatty acid profile. We report here on NO-1's clinical and epidemiologic significance. In all cases, isolates were recovered from an animal bite wound; 17 (77%) were isolated from a dog bite wound, 4 (18%) from a cat bite wound, and one (5%) from an unspecified animal bite. Clinical data were retrieved and reviewed for 12 (55%) of the 22 bite victims. None of the patients had preexisting conditions associated with immunosuppression. Seven (58%) patients were hospitalized for a median stay of 4 days (range 2 to 11 days). The median time between bite to the worsening of symptoms was 17.5 hours (range 3 to 78 hours). All patients recovered following antibiotic treatment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ashford, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2002 VL 8 IS 2 BP 171 EP 174 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 520AM UT WOS:000173757800009 PM 11897069 ER PT J AU Lee, JJ Chung, IJ Shin, DH Cho, SH Cho, D Ryang, DW Khan, AS Kim, HJ AF Lee, JJ Chung, IJ Shin, DH Cho, SH Cho, D Ryang, DW Khan, AS Kim, HJ TI Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome presenting with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-which is associated with a variety of infections, malignant neoplasms, autoimmune diseases, and immunodeficiencies-is an uncommon syndrome with a rapidly fatal outcome. We describe the first case of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome due to Hantaan virus presenting with reactive hemophagocytosis. C1 Chonnam Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Dong Gu, Gwangju 501757, South Korea. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kim, HJ (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Dong Gu, 8 Hak Dong, Gwangju 501757, South Korea. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2002 VL 8 IS 2 BP 209 EP 210 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 520AM UT WOS:000173757800018 PM 11897077 ER PT J AU Rotz, LD Khan, AS Lillibridge, SR Ostroff, SM Hughes, JM AF Rotz, LD Khan, AS Lillibridge, SR Ostroff, SM Hughes, JM TI Public health assessment of potential biological terrorism agents SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT News Item ID MANAGEMENT; WEAPON; OUTBREAK C1 CDCP, Epidemiol Surveillance & Response Branch, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Reponse Program, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Rotz, LD (reprint author), CDCP, Epidemiol Surveillance & Response Branch, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Reponse Program, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 29 TC 455 Z9 475 U1 5 U2 25 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2002 VL 8 IS 2 BP 225 EP 230 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 520AM UT WOS:000173757800023 PM 11897082 ER PT J AU Arbuckle, TE Hrudey, SE Krasner, SW Nuckols, JR Richardson, SD Singer, P Mendola, P Dodds, L Weisel, C Ashley, DL Froese, KL Pegram, RA Schultz, IR Reif, J Bachand, AM Benoit, FM Lynberg, M Poole, C Waller, K AF Arbuckle, TE Hrudey, SE Krasner, SW Nuckols, JR Richardson, SD Singer, P Mendola, P Dodds, L Weisel, C Ashley, DL Froese, KL Pegram, RA Schultz, IR Reif, J Bachand, AM Benoit, FM Lynberg, M Poole, C Waller, K TI Assessing exposure in epidemiologic studies to disinfection by-products in drinking water: Report from an international workshop SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE disinfection by-products; epidemiologic methods; exposure assessment; haloacetic acids; trihalomethanes ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HALOACETIC ACIDS; BLADDER-CANCER; TREATED WATER; HUMAN BLOOD; CHLORINATION; TRIHALOMETHANES; BROMODICHLOROMETHANE; ASSOCIATION AB The inability to accurately assess exposure has been one of the major shortcomings of epidemiologic studies of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water. A number of contributing factors include a) limited information on the identity, occurrence, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of the many DBPs that can be formed from chlorine, chloramine, ozone, and chlorine dioxide disinfection; b) the complex chemical interrelationships between DBPs and other parameters within a municipal water distribution system; and c) difficulties obtaining accurate and reliable information on personal activity and water consumption patterns. In May 2000, an international workshop was held to bring together various disciplines to develop better approaches for measuring DBP exposure for epidemiologic studies. The workshop reached consensus about the clear need to involve relevant disciplines (e.g., chemists, engineers, toxicologists, biostatisticians and epidemiologists) as partners in developing epidemiologic studies of DBPs in drinking water. The workshop concluded that greater collaboration of epidemiologists with water utilities and regulators should be encouraged in order to make regulatory monitoring data more useful for epidemiologic studies. Similarly, exposure classification categories in epidemiologic studies should be chosen to make results useful for regulatory or policy decision making. C1 Hlth Canada, Bur Reprod & Child Hlth, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Metropolitan Water Dist So Calif, La Verne, CA USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Obstet, Halifax, NS, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Gynecol & Pediat, Halifax, NS, Canada. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Pediat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. Hlth Canada, Environm Hlth Sci Bur, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Sequoia Fdn, Frederick, MD USA. RP Arbuckle, TE (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Bur Reprod & Child Hlth, AL 0701D, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. OI Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844 NR 49 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 33 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 110 SU 1 BP 53 EP 60 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 538BV UT WOS:000174794900006 PM 11834463 ER PT J AU Bove, F Shim, Y Zeitz, P AF Bove, F Shim, Y Zeitz, P TI Drinking water contaminants and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A review SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE birth defects; drinking water; low birth weight; pregnancy outcomes; trichloroethylene; trihalomethanes ID CONGENITAL CARDIAC ANOMALIES; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; BIRTH-WEIGHT; RESIDENTIAL-MOBILITY; GESTATIONAL-AGE; CHLORINATION; ASSOCIATION; TRIHALOMETHANES AB Concern for exposures to drinking water contaminants and their effects on adverse birth outcomes has prompted several studies evaluating chlorination disinfection by-products and chlorinated solvents. Some of these contaminants are found to be teratogenic in animal studies. This review evaluates 14 studies on chlorination disinfection by-products such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and five studies on chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethylene (TCE). The adverse birth outcomes discussed in this review include small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight, preterm birth, birth defects, spontaneous abortions, and fetal deaths. Because of heterogeneities across the studies in the characterization of birth outcomes, the assessment and categorization of exposures, and the levels and mixtures of contaminants, a qualitative review was conducted. Generally, the chief bias in these studies was exposure misclassification that most likely underestimated the risk, as well as distorted exposure-response relationships. The general lack of confounding bias by risk factors resulted from these factors not being associated with drinking water exposures. The studies of THMs and adverse birth outcomes provide moderate evidence for associations with SGA, neural tube defects (NTDs), and spontaneous abortions. Because fewer studies have been conducted for the chlorinated solvents than for THMs, the evidence for associations is less clear. Nevertheless, the findings of excess NTDs, oral clefts, cardiac defects, and choanal atresia in studies that evaluated TCE-contaminated drinking water deserve follow-up. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bove, F (reprint author), Execut Pk,Bldg 4,Ste 1300, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 40 TC 157 Z9 165 U1 7 U2 33 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 110 SU 1 BP 61 EP 74 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 538BV UT WOS:000174794900007 PM 11834464 ER PT J AU Zeitz, P Orr, MF Kaye, WE AF Zeitz, P Orr, MF Kaye, WE TI Public health consequences of mercury spills: Hazardous substances emergency events surveillance system, 1993-1998 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE acute exposure; chemical spills; hazardous substances; mercury; surveillance AB We analyzed data from states that participated in the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system maintained by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry to describe the public health consequences of mercury releases. From 1993 through 1998, HSEES captured 406 events in which mercury was the only substance released. Schools and universities, private residences, and health care facilities were the most frequent locations involved in mercury events, and human error was the contributing factor for most of the releases. Fourteen persons experienced adverse health effects as a result of the releases. An additional 31 persons had documented elevated levels of mercury in the blood. No fatalities resulted. Evacuations were ordered in 90 (22%) of the events, and the length of evacuation ranged from 1 hr to 46 days. Mercury spills have a significant public health impact and economic burden. Some actions that could potentially lessen the consequences of mercury spills are to switch to mercury-free alternatives, train people in the safe handling and disposal of mercury, and keep mercury securely stored when it is necessary to have it on hand. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zeitz, P (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Hlth Studies, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 110 IS 2 BP 129 EP 132 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 526KR UT WOS:000174130100020 PM 11836139 ER PT J AU Noonan, CW Sarasua, SM Campagna, D Kathman, SJ Lybarger, JA Mueller, PW AF Noonan, CW Sarasua, SM Campagna, D Kathman, SJ Lybarger, JA Mueller, PW TI Effects of exposure to low levels of environmental cadmium on renal biomarkers SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE alanine aminopeptidase; albumin; beta(2)-microglobulin; cadmium; kidney; N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase ID BETA-D-GLUCOSAMINIDASE; ALANINE AMINOPEPTIDASE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; TUBULAR FUNCTION; FOLLOW-UP; WORKERS; DYSFUNCTION; POPULATION; EXCRETION; URINE AB We conducted a study among residents of a small community contaminated with heavy metals from a defunct zinc smelter and residents from a comparison community to determine whether biologic measures of cadmium exposure were associated with biomarkers of early kidney damage. Creatinine-adjusted urinary cadmium levels did not differ between the smelter and comparison communities; thus we combined individuals from both communities (n = 361) for further analyses. The overall mean urinary cadmium level was low, 0.26 mug/g creatinine, similar to reference values observed in the U.S. general population. For children ages 6-17 years, urinary concentration of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), and albumin were positively associated with urinary cadmium, but these associations did not remain statistically significant after adjusting for urinary creatinine and other potential confounders. For adults ages 18 or older, urinary concentration of NAG, AA-P, and albumin were positively associated with urinary cadmium. The associations with NAG and AAP but not with albumin remained statistically significant after adjusting for creatinine and other potential confounders. We found a positive dose-effect relationship between levels of creatinine-adjusted urinary cadmium and NAG and AAP activity, and statistically significant differences in mean activity for these two enzymes between the highest (greater than or equal to 1.0 mug cadmium/g creatinine) and the lowest (< 0.25 μg cadinium/g creatinine) exposure groups. The findings of this study indicate that biologic measures of cadmium exposure at levels below 2.0 μg/g creatinine may produce measurable changes in kidney biomarkers. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Hlth Invest Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Noonan, CW (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Hlth Invest Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Noonan, Curtis/B-2198-2015 NR 40 TC 89 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 110 IS 2 BP 151 EP 155 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 526KR UT WOS:000174130100024 PM 11836143 ER PT J AU Eisenberg, JNS Wade, TJ Charles, S Vu, M Hubbard, A Wright, CC Levy, D Jensen, P Colford, JM AF Eisenberg, JNS Wade, TJ Charles, S Vu, M Hubbard, A Wright, CC Levy, D Jensen, P Colford, JM TI Risk factors in HIV-associated diarrhoeal disease: the role of drinking water, medication and immune status SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION; OUTBREAK; AIDS; CONSUMPTION AB In a cross-sectional survey of 226 HIV-infected men, we examined the occurrence of diarrhoea and its relationship to drinking water consumption patterns, risk behaviours, immune status and medication use. Diarrhoea was reported by 47% of the respondents. Neither drinking boiled nor filtered water was significantly associated with diarrhoea (OR = 0.5 [0.2 1.6], 1.2 [0.6, 2.5] respectively), whereas those that drank bottled water were at risk for diarrhoea (OR = 3.0 [1.1, 7.8]). Overall, 47% always or often used at least one water treatment. Of the 37% who were very concerned about drinking water, 62% had diarrhoea, 70% always or often used at least one water treatment. An increase in CD4 count was protective only for those with a low risk of diarrhoea associated with medication (OR = 0.6 [0.5, 0.9]). A 30% attributable risk to diarrhoea was estimated for those with high medication risk compared to those with low medication risk. The significant association between concern with drinking water and diarrhoea as well as between concern with drinking water and water treatment suggests awareness that drinking water is a potential transmission pathway for diarrhoeal disease. At the same time we found that a significant portion of diarrhoea was associated with other sources not related to drinking water such as medication usage. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Occupational & Environm Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. San Francisco Vet Adm Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Eisenberg, JNS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 140 Warren Hall MC 7360, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR2/CCU916252-02] NR 19 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 128 IS 1 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1017/S0950268801006252 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 540CG UT WOS:000174910400010 PM 11895094 ER PT J AU Chan, KP Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Leo, YS Goh, KT Paton, NI Sng, EH Ling, AE AF Chan, KP Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Leo, YS Goh, KT Paton, NI Sng, EH Ling, AE TI A survey of Nipah virus infection among various risk groups in Singapore SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID ABATTOIR WORKERS; HORSES; PARAMYXOVIRUS; MORBILLIVIRUS; ENCEPHALITIS; HUMANS AB Following the Nipah virus (NV) outbreak in March 1999 in Singapore, a scrological survey was undertaken to screen individuals potentially exposed to NV. Blood samples were tested for NV IgM, IgG and neutralizing antibodies. Twenty-two (1.5%) of 1469 people tested had antibodies suggesting NV infection. Although 12 of the 22 infected people (54.6%) were symptomatic, the remaining 10 (45.4%) were clinically well and had no past history of compatible pulmonary or neurological disease. Clinical and serological findings suggested three people had been infected with NV before the outbreak was recognized. All those who were infected were male abattoir workers. None of the people who had contact with horses. and no healthcare workers exposed to infected patients and their specimens had detectable antibodies. This study provides evidence that NV causes asymptomatic infection. All of the antibody positive individuals had direct contact with pigs and there was no evidence of human to human transmission. C1 Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Pathol, Virol Lab, Singapore 169608, Singapore. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Tan Tock Seng Hosp, Communicable Dis Ctr, Singapore, Singapore. Minist Environm, Quarantine & Epidemiol Dept, Singapore, Singapore. RP Chan, KP (reprint author), Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Pathol, Virol Lab, Outram Rd, Singapore 169608, Singapore. NR 11 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 128 IS 1 BP 93 EP 98 DI 10.1017/S0950268801006422 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 540CG UT WOS:000174910400012 PM 11895096 ER PT J AU Levin, S Welch, VLL Bell, RA Casper, ML AF Levin, S Welch, VLL Bell, RA Casper, ML TI Geographic variation in cardiovascular disease risk factors among American Indians and comparisons with the corresponding state populations SO ETHNICITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular disease; health surveys; North American Indians; risk factors ID ALASKA NATIVES; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; OBESITY; ADULTS; HEALTH AB Objectives. (1) To compare the prevalence of self-reported CVD, diabetes, hypertension, fair/poor perceived health status, and current tobacco use from three surveys of American Indians - two in the Southeast (Catawba Diabetes and Health Survey [CDHS] and Lumbee Diabetes and Health Survey [LDHS]) and one in the upper Midwest (Inter-Tribal Heart Project [ITHP]). (2) To compare the prevalence estimates from the CDHS, LDHS, ITHP with those for the corresponding state populations (South Carolina, North Carolina, Minnesota and Wisconsin, respectively) derived from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Methods. Pearson's Chi-square analyses were used to detect statistically significant differences in the age-adjusted prevalence estimates across the study populations. Results. Among these three populations of American Indians, the ITHP participants had the highest prevalence estimates of diabetes (20.1%) and current cigarette smoking (62.8%). The CDHS participants had the highest prevalence estimate of fair/poor perceived health status (32.0%). The LDHS participants had the highest prevalence estimate of chewing tobacco use (14.0%), and the lowest prevalence of CVD. The prevalence estimates of self-reported diabetes were dramatically higher among American Indian participants in the ITHP (20.1%) and CDHS (14.9%) than among participants in the corresponding state BRFSS (5.8% MN and WI and 6.6% SC), as were the estimates for hypertension. Conclusion. The substantial variations in prevalence of CVD and its risk factors among Tribal Nations suggests that distinct cultural norms, historic conditions, and important health issues of each American Indian community must be recognized and incorporated into all health promotion programs and policies. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Emory Ctr Hlth Outcomes & Qual, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Levin, S (reprint author), Morehead State Univ, Dept Hlth Phys Educ & Sports Sci, Laughlin Bldg 200C, Morehead, KY 40351 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK54863] NR 38 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1355-7858 J9 ETHNIC HEALTH JI Ethn. Health PD FEB PY 2002 VL 7 IS 1 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.1080/13557850220146993 PG 11 WC Ethnic Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Ethnic Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 567NZ UT WOS:000176492000004 PM 12119066 ER PT J AU Van Campen, LE Murphy, WJ Franks, JR Mathias, PI Toraason, MA AF Van Campen, LE Murphy, WJ Franks, JR Mathias, PI Toraason, MA TI Oxidative DNA damage is associated with intense noise exposure in the rat SO HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE free radical; reactive oxygen species; oxidative stress; cochlea; DNA; 8-hydroxy-2 '-deoxyguanosine; thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance ID CISPLATIN-INDUCED OTOTOXICITY; INDUCED HEARING-LOSS; OXYGEN SPECIES GENERATION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM; 4-METHYLTHIOBENZOIC ACID; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; COCHLEAR DAMAGE; MUTT PROTEIN AB Increasing evidence suggests that noise-induced hearing loss may be reduced or prevented with antioxidant therapy. Biochemical markers of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage can help elucidate possible treatment timing constraints. This study examined the time course of ROS damage following a 2-h, broad-band noise exposure resulting in permanent threshold shift in 35 Long-Evans rats. Cochlea, brain, liver, serum and urine were analyzed at 1, 3, 8, 72, and 672 h (28 days) after exposure. Oxidative DNA damage was assessed by measuring 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (80HdG) by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Lipid peroxidation was measured via the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) colorimetric assay for detection of aldehydes (e.g., malondialdehyde). Auditory brainstem. response and distortion product otoacoustic emission thresholds showed progressive elevation for the 3- and 8-h groups, then notable recovery for the 72-h group, and some worsening for the 672-h group. 80HdG was significantly elevated in cochlea in the 8-h group, and in brain and liver for the 72-h group. TBARS were significantly elevated in serum for the 72-h group. Based upon oxidative DNA damage present in cochlea following intense noise, we postulate that the first 8 h following exposure might be a critical period for antioxidant treatment. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 CDCP, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. CDCP, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Van Campen, LE (reprint author), CDCP, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 49 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-5955 J9 HEARING RES JI Hear. Res. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 164 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 38 AR PII S0378-5955(01)00391-4 DI 10.1016/S0378-5955(01)00391-4 PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 544TV UT WOS:000175178100004 PM 11950522 ER PT J AU Kozel, PJ Davis, RR Krieg, EF Shull, GE Erway, LC AF Kozel, PJ Davis, RR Krieg, EF Shull, GE Erway, LC TI Deficiency in plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 2 increases susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss in mice SO HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE mice; noise-induced hearing loss; calcium; plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 2 ID CALMODULIN-BINDING DOMAIN; CA2+ PUMP; F1-HYBRID STRAINS; INBRED STRAINS; CA2+-ATPASE; DEAFNESS; PHOSPHORYLATION; STEREOCILIA; EXPRESSION; MUTATIONS AB Susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is poorly understood at the genetic level. Mice homozygous for a null mutation in the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase isoform. 2 (PMCA2) gene are deaf (Kozel et al., 1998). PMCA2 is expressed on outer hair cell stereocilia (Furuta et al., 1998). Fridberger et al. (1998) observed that the outer hair cell cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration rises following acoustic overstimulation. We hypothesized that Pmca2(+/-) mice may be more susceptible to NIHL. Since the auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds of Pmca2(+/-) mice vary with the presence of a modifier locus (Noben-Trauth et al., 1997), Pmca2(+/-) mice were outcrossed to normal hearing CAST/Ei mice. The pre-exposure ABR thresholds of the resulting Pmca2(+/+) and Pmca2(+/-) siblings were indistinguishable. Groups of these mice were exposed to varying intensities of broadband noise, and ABR threshold shifts were calculated. Fifteen days following an 8 h, 113 dB noise exposure, the Pmca2(+/-) mice displayed significant (P less than or equal to 0.0007) permanent threshold shifts at 16 and 32 kHz that were 15 or 25 dB greater than those observed in Pinea2(+/+) littermates. Pmca2 may be the first gene with a known mutated protein product that confers increased susceptibility to NIHL. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mol Genet Biochem & Microbiol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Hearing Loss Prevent Sect, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Monitoring Res & Stat Act, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Davis, RR (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mol Genet Biochem & Microbiol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RI Davis, Rickie/A-3186-2008; OI Davis, Rickie/0000-0002-9264-2021 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL61974] NR 37 TC 52 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-5955 J9 HEARING RES JI Hear. Res. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 164 IS 1-2 BP 231 EP 239 AR PII S0378-5955(01)00420-8 DI 10.1016/S0378-5955(01)00420-8 PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 544TV UT WOS:000175178100023 PM 11950541 ER PT J AU Pohl, HR Hicks, HE Jones, DE Hansen, H De Rosa, CT AF Pohl, HR Hicks, HE Jones, DE Hansen, H De Rosa, CT TI Public health perspectives on dioxin risks: Two decades of evaluations SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; dioxins; health guidance values; risk assessment ID SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA; TECHNICAL-SUPPORT DOCUMENT; INTERIM POLICY GUIDELINE; NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; CANCER MORTALITY; PHENOXY HERBICIDES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CHLOROPHENOXY HERBICIDES; CASE-REFERENT; FOLLOW-UP AB The paper provides an overview of approaches to dioxin risk assessment employed by different agencies worldwide over the past 20 years. Our insights regarding understanding of the toxicity of dioxins have advanced tremendously in recent years; however, important data gaps still exist. More information on topics such as mechanism of interaction, effects at low levels of exposure, interspecies differences, and sensitive populations is needed. Some differences exist between USEPA's approach to dioxin assessment and that of other health organizations around the world. The authors conclude that USEPA's reassessment of dioxin and related compounds may place too much confidence in the ability to accurately predict cancer risks at low doses. Further, it is important to derive health-based guidance values for noncancer end points especially in accordance with emerging reports that reproductive and developmental end points are very sensitive to dioxins. A worldwide convergence on the health assessment value being around 1 to 4 pg/kg/day is noted. C1 US Dept HHS, Div Toxicol, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pohl, HR (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Div Toxicol, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 84 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 8 IS 2 BP 233 EP 250 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 527ZQ UT WOS:000174218600003 ER PT J AU Elliott, MJ Kellum, MT Tenover, FC Pettriess, RL AF Elliott, MJ Kellum, MT Tenover, FC Pettriess, RL TI Nasal carriage of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among paramedics in the Sedgwick County Emergency Medical Service in Wichita, Kansas SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Wichita State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Wichita, KS 67208 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Elliott, MJ (reprint author), Wichita State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Wichita, KS 67208 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2 BP 60 EP 61 DI 10.1086/503454 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 529AZ UT WOS:000174279000001 PM 11893147 ER PT J AU Farr, BM Jarvis, WR AF Farr, BM Jarvis, WR TI Would active surveillance cultures help control healthcare-related methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections? SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTION; VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; BELGIAN HOSPITALS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; OUTBREAK C1 Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Hlth Sci Ctr, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Farr, BM (reprint author), Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Hlth Sci Ctr, POB 800473, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. NR 39 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2 BP 65 EP 68 DI 10.1086/502008 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 529AZ UT WOS:000174279000004 PM 11893150 ER PT J AU Luster, MI Karol, MH AF Luster, MI Karol, MH TI Preface to occupational immunology SO INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, HELD, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Luster, MI (reprint author), NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, HELD, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-5769 J9 INT IMMUNOPHARMACOL JI Int. Immunopharmacol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 2 IS 2-3 BP 161 EP 162 DI 10.1016/S1567-5769(01)00168-0 PG 2 WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 513DA UT WOS:000173361600001 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Smith, SJ Stroup, DF Steinberg, KK Mueller, PW Thacker, SB AF Ford, ES Smith, SJ Stroup, DF Steinberg, KK Mueller, PW Thacker, SB TI Homocyst(e)ine and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of the evidence with special emphasis on case-control studies and nested case-control studies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE homocyst(e)ine; meta-analysis; cardiovascular disease ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; PLASMA TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE GENE; SERUM TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; VASCULAR-DISEASE; CEREBROVASCULAR-DISEASE; FOLIC-ACID AB Background Elevated concentrations of homocyst(e)ine are thought to increase the risk of vascular diseases including coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Methods We searched MEDLINE (1966-1999), EMBASE (1974-1999), SciSearch (1974-1999), and Dissertation Abstracts (1999) for articles and theses about homocyst(e)ine concentration and coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Results We included 57 publications (3 cohort studies, 12 nested case-control studies, 42 case-control studies) that reported results on 55 18 people with coronary heart disease (11 068 control subjects) and 1817 people with cerebrovascular disease (4787 control subjects) in our analysis. For coronary heart disease, the summary odds ratios (OR) for a 5-mumol/l increase in homocyst(e)ine concentration were 1.06 (95% CI : 0.99-1.13) for 2 publications of cohort studies, 1.23 (95% CI : 1.07-1.41) for 10 publications of nested case-control studies, and 1.70 (95% CI: 1.50-1.93) for 26 publications of case-control studies. For cerebrovascular disease, the summary OR for a 5-mumol/l increase in homocyst(e)ine concentration were 1.10 (95% CI: 0.94-1.28) for 2 publications of cohort studies, 1.58 (95% CI: 1.35-1.85) for 5 publications of nested case-control studies, and 2.16 (95% CI: 1.65-2.82) for 17 publications of case-control studies. Conclusions Prospective studies offer weaker support than case-control studies for an association between homocyst(e)ine concentration and cardiovascular disease. Although other lines of evidence support a role for homocyst(e)ine in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, more information from prospective epidemiological studies or clinical trials is needed to clarify this role. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K24, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 122 TC 163 Z9 171 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 31 IS 1 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.1093/ije/31.1.59 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 541PT UT WOS:000174993500015 PM 11914295 ER PT J AU Vranken, R Coulombier, D Kenyon, T Koosimile, B Mavunga, T Coggin, W Binkin, N AF Vranken, R Coulombier, D Kenyon, T Koosimile, B Mavunga, T Coggin, W Binkin, N TI Use of a computerized tuberculosis register for automated generation of case finding, sputum conversion, and treatment outcome reports SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE electronic; computer(ized); tuberculosis; reports; surveillance AB SETTING: Tuberculosis (TB) rates in southern Africa have increased dramatically in recent years. Provision of accurate data for surveillance, program management, and supervision is increasingly essential. OBJECTIVE: To develop software that would provide more efficient collection, compilation, and analysis of TB data on an ongoing basis. DESIGN: The 'Electronic TB Register' is a user-friendly, Epi-Info based software program based on the WHO/ IUATLD format of recording and reporting. Individual records from the TB registry are entered in a program that provides interactive support. The software provides several patient management and supervision functions, such as lists of defaulters. Finally, it generates standard quarterly and annual reports on case-finding, sputum conversion, and cohort analysis, and provides graphs of trends and maps of TB indicators. RESULTS: The 'Electronic TB Register' software has been successfully implemented in five pilot projects in southern Africa. User acceptance has been high and quality of data has improved, although timeliness remains unchanged. Factors critical for success include a functioning, paper-based system, involvement of staff from the TB program, health information systems, and health facilities, ongoing training, and backup support. CONCLUSIONS: The 'Electronic TB Register' is a potentially powerful tool for surveillance, management, and supervision for countries with well-functioning paper-based recording and reporting systems. C1 BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. Inst Natl Veille Sanitaire, Paris, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl TB Programme, Gaborone, Botswana. S African Natl TB Control Program, Pretoria, South Africa. RP Vranken, R (reprint author), BOTUSA Project, POB 90, Gaborone, Botswana. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 6 IS 2 BP 111 EP 120 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 537TT UT WOS:000174776200004 PM 11931409 ER PT J AU Kersulyte, D Velapatino, B Dailide, G Mukhopadhyay, AK Ito, Y Cahuayme, L Parkinson, AJ Gilman, RH Berg, DE AF Kersulyte, D Velapatino, B Dailide, G Mukhopadhyay, AK Ito, Y Cahuayme, L Parkinson, AJ Gilman, RH Berg, DE TI Transposable element ISHp608 of Helicobacter pylori: Nonrandom geographic distribution, functional organization, and insertion specificity SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TN7 TRANSPOSITION; SEQUENCE; GENE; POPULATIONS; GENOTYPES; DNA; PROTEINS; SYSTEM AB A new member of the IS605 transposable element family, designated ISHp608, was found by subtractive hybridization in Helicobacter pylori. Like the three other insertion sequences (ISs) known in this gastric pathogen, it contains two open reading frames (orfA and orfB), each related to putative transposase genes of simpler (one-gene) elements in other prokaryotes; orfB is also related to the Salmonella virulence gene gipA. PCR and hybridization tests showed that ISHp608 is nonrandomly distributed geographically: it was found in 21% of 194 European and African strains, 14% of 175 Bengali strains, 43% of 131 strains from native Peruvians and Alaska natives, but just 1% of 223 East Asian strains. ISHp608 also seemed more abundant in Peruvian gastric cancer strains than gastritis strains (9 of 14 versus 15 of 45, respectively; P = 0.04). Two ISHp608 types differing by similar to11% in DNA sequence were identified: one was widely distributed geographically, and the other was found only in Peruvian and Alaskan strains. Isolates of a given type differed by less than or equal to2% in DNA sequence, but several recombinant elements were also found. ISHp608 marked with a resistance gene was found to (i) transpose in Escherichia coli; (ii) generate simple insertions during transposition, not cointegrates; (iii) insert downstream of the motif 5'-TTAC without duplicating target sequences; and (iv) require orfA but not orfB for its transposition. ISHp608 represents a widespread family of novel chimeric mobile DNA elements whose further analysis should provide new insights into transposition mechanisms and into microbial population genetic structure and genome evolution. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Pathol, Lima, Peru. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Berg, DE (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, Campus Box 8230, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI38166, AI49161]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK53727, P30 DK052574, P30 DK52574] NR 39 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 184 IS 4 BP 992 EP 1002 DI 10.1128/jb.184.4.992-1002.2002 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 518VJ UT WOS:000173688300015 PM 11807059 ER PT J AU Hollowell, JG Staehling, NW Flanders, WD Hannon, WH Gunter, EW Spencer, CA Braverman, LE AF Hollowell, JG Staehling, NW Flanders, WD Hannon, WH Gunter, EW Spencer, CA Braverman, LE TI Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID STIMULATING HORMONE; REFERENCE VALUES; FREE-THYROXINE; FOLLOW-UP; DISEASE; IODINE; AGE; HYPOTHYROIDISM; DYSFUNCTION; ASSOCIATION AB NHANES III measured serum TSH, total serum T(4), antithyroperoxidase (TPOAb), and antithyroglobulin (TgAb) antibodies from a sample of 17,353 people aged greater than or equal to12 yr representing the geographic and ethnic distribution of the U.S. population. These data provide a reference for other studies of these analytes in the U.S. For the 16,533 people who did not report thyroid disease, goiter, or taking thyroid medications (disease-free population), we determined mean concentrations of TSH, T4, TgAb, and TPOAb. A reference population of 13,344 people was selected from the disease-free population by excluding, in addition, those who were pregnant, taking androgens or estrogens, who had thyroid antibodies, or biochemical hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. The influence of demographics on TSH, T4, and antibodies was examined. Hypothyroidism was found in 4.6% of the U.S. population (0.3% clinical and 4.3% subclinical) and hyperthyroidism in 1.3% (0.5% clinical and 0.7% subclinical). (Subclinical hypothyroidism is used in this paper to mean mild hypothyroidism, the term now preferred by the American Thyroid Association for the laboratory findings described.) For the disease-free population, mean serum TSH was 1.50 (95% confidence interval, 1.46-1.54) mIU/liter, was higher in females than males, and higher in white non-Hispanics (whites) [1.57 (1.52-1.62) mIU/ liter) than black non-Hispanics (blacks) [1.18 (1.14-1.21) mIU/ liter] (P < 0.001) or Mexican Americans [1.43 (1.40-1.46) mIU/ liter] (P < 0.001). TgAb were positive in 10.4 +/- 0.5% and TPOAb, in 11.3 +/- 0.4%; positive antibodies were more prevalent in women than men, increased with age, and TPOAb were less prevalent in blacks (4.5 +/- 0.3%) than in whites (12.3 +/- 0.5%) (P < 0.001). TPOAb were significantly associated with hypo or hyperthyroidism, but TgAb were not. Using the reference population, geometric mean TSH was 1.40 +/- 0.02 mIU/Iiter and increased with age, and was significantly lower in blacks (1.18 +/- 0.02 mIU/Iiter) than whites (1.45 +/- 0.02 mIU/liter) (P < 0.001) and Mexican Americans (1.37 +/- 0.02 mIU/liter) (P < 0.001). Arithmetic mean total T(4) was 112.3 +/- 0.7 nmol/liter in the disease-free population and was consistently higher among Mexican Americans in all populations. In the reference population, mean total T(4) in Mexican Americans was (116.3 +/- 0.7 nmol/liter), significantly higher than whites (110.0 +/- 0.8 nmol/liter) or blacks (109.4 +/- 0.8 nmol/liter) (P < 0.0001). The difference persisted in all age groups. In summary, TSH and the prevalence of antithyroid antibodies are greater in females, increase with age, and are greater in whites and Mexican Americans than in blacks. TgAb alone in the absence of TPOAb is not significantly associated with thyroid disease. The lower prevalence of thyroid antibodies and lower TSH concentrations in blacks need more research to relate these findings to clinical status. A large proportion of the U.S. population unknowingly have laboratory evidence of thyroid disease, which supports the usefulness of screening for early detection. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30324 USA. Univ So Calif, Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. Boston Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02116 USA. RP Hollowell, JG (reprint author), MPH 435 N 1500 Rd, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM jgh3@mindspring.com NR 43 TC 1418 Z9 1530 U1 10 U2 52 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 87 IS 2 BP 489 EP 499 DI 10.1210/jc.87.2.489 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 530HD UT WOS:000174351500012 PM 11836274 ER PT J AU Lam, LL Pau, CP Dollard, SC Pellett, PE Spira, TJ AF Lam, LL Pau, CP Dollard, SC Pellett, PE Spira, TJ TI Highly sensitive assay for human herpesvirus 8 antibodies that uses a multiple antigenic peptide derived from open reading frame K8.1 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; DNA-SEQUENCES; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-8 INFECTION; GENERAL-POPULATION; SEROLOGIC ASSAYS; IDENTIFICATION; SEROPREVALENCE; GLYCOPROTEINS; PREVALENCE AB The immunodominant region of the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), the antibody-binding site of glycoprotein K8.1A, was mapped to the N-terminal region by using overlapping peptides and a residue replacement method. The main epitope was located within residues 44 to 56 (GQWQDWL ---- C). Based on this information, we developed an enzyme immunoassay to detect HHV-8 antibodies in human sera using a four-branch multiple antigenic peptide as the antigen. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 96 and 99.4%, respectively. This assay should be useful for population-based, epidemiological studies of HHV-8 infection. C1 CDCP, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lam, LL (reprint author), CDCP, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop A25, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 40 IS 2 BP 325 EP 329 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.02.325-329.2002 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 519NG UT WOS:000173731900002 PM 11825937 ER PT J AU O'Halloran, F Lynch, M Cryan, B Fanning, S AF O'Halloran, F Lynch, M Cryan, B Fanning, S TI Application of restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of VP7-encoding genes: Fine comparison of Irish and global rotavirus isolates SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A ROTAVIRUSES; P-TYPE; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; VP7 GENES; RT-PCR; SEROTYPE; STRAINS; DIVERSITY; CHILDREN; INFANTS AB A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) detection assay was developed to examine the genetic relationship(s) among VP7-encoding genes from 100 Irish rotavirus isolates and 30 randomly selected global rotavirus isolates (from the current databases). RFLP analysis of the VP7 gene segments was performed independently with three enzymes (RsaI, AluI, and EcoRV) in separate reactions by direct digestion of the DNA product amplified by reverse transcriptase (RT)-mediated PCR (RT-PCR) or by using computational methods. Thirty-six RFLP patterns were identified for all 130 strains, and of these, only nine patterns were associated with the Irish isolates. A correlation between the G type of the Irish isolates and certain single or combined enzyme profiles was apparent. These data suggested that the Irish wild-type rotavirus population was homogeneous and could be distinguished by RFLP analysis from global isolates of the same serotype(s). The deduced amino acid sequences of the VP7 RT-PCR products from six Irish isolates known to be of the G serotype revealed significant amino acid substitutions within major antigenic regions. In addition, these data Identified the existence of at least two genetic lineages within serotype G1 strains which were distinguishable by RFLP analysis. C1 Cork Inst Technol, Mol Diagnost Unit, Cork, Ireland. Cork Univ Hosp, Dept Med Microbiol, Cork, Ireland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fanning, S (reprint author), Cork Inst Technol, Mol Diagnost Unit, Cork, Ireland. OI Fanning, Seamus/0000-0002-1922-8836 NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 40 IS 2 BP 524 EP 531 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.2.524-531.2002 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 519NG UT WOS:000173731900032 PM 11825967 ER PT J AU Tondella, MLC Talkington, DF Holloway, BP Dowell, SF Cowley, K Soriano-Gabarro, M Elkind, MS Fields, BS AF Tondella, MLC Talkington, DF Holloway, BP Dowell, SF Cowley, K Soriano-Gabarro, M Elkind, MS Fields, BS TI Development and evaluation of real-time PCR-based fluorescence assays for detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; HEART-DISEASE; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; CULTURE; DNA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB Chlamydia pneumoniae is an important respiratory pathogen recently associated with atherosclerosis and several other chronic diseases. Detection of C pneumoniae is inconsistent, and standardized PCR assays are needed. Two real-time PCR assays specific for C pneumoniae were developed by using the fluorescent dye-labeled TaqMan probe-based system. Oligonucleotide primers and probes were designed to target two variable domains of the ompA gene, VD2 and VD4. The limit of detection for each of the two PCR assays was 0.001 inclusion-forming unit. Thirty-nine C. pneumoniae isolates obtained from widely distributed geographical areas were amplified by the VD2 and VD4 assays, producing the expected 108- and 125-bp amplification products, respectively. None of the C. trachomatis serovars, C. psittaci strains, other organisms, or human DNAs tested were amplified. The amplification results of the newly developed assays were compared to the results of culturing and two nested PCR assays, targeting the 16S rRNA and ompA genes. The assays were compared by testing C. pneumoniae purified elementary bodies, animal tissues, 228 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) specimens, and 179 oropharyngeal (OP) swab specimens obtained from ischemic stroke patients or matched controls. The real-time VD4 assay and one nested PCR each detected C. pneumoniae in a single, but different, PBMC specimen. Eleven of 179 OP specimens (6.1%) showed evidence of the presence of C. pneumoniae in one or more tests. The real-time VD4 assay detected the most positive results of the five assays. We believe that this real-time PCR assay offers advantages over nested PCR assays and may improve the detection of C. pneumoniae in clinical specimens. C1 CDCP, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Sci Resources Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Neurol, New York, NY 10032 USA. New York Presbyterian Hosp, Columbia Presbyterian Med Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Tondella, MLC (reprint author), CDCP, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS G-03,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 51 TC 63 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 40 IS 2 BP 575 EP 583 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.2.575-583.2002 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 519NG UT WOS:000173731900038 PM 11825973 ER PT J AU Miller, WG Padhye, AA van Bonn, W Jensen, E Brandt, ME Ridgway, SH AF Miller, WG Padhye, AA van Bonn, W Jensen, E Brandt, ME Ridgway, SH TI Cryptococcosis in a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) caused by Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NOSED-DOLPHIN; ENVIRONMENTAL ISOLATION; INFECTION AB We describe the first case of cryptococcosis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii in a male Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). The dolphin showed clinical signs of tachypnea, transient dyspnea, and mild tachycardia and developed multiple hyperechoic nodules, parenchymal consolidation, and thickening of pleura. A diagnosis of bronchopneumonia with pleuritis was made. Itraconazole therapy was implemented for 120 days, and trough levels in serum were within or above the suggested therapeutic range. Titers of cryptococcal antigen in serum increased eightfold during therapy, and the case had a fatal outcome. Necropsy examination findings included enlarged pulmonary lymph nodes and extensive coalescing granulomatous lesions throughout both lungs. Histologic examination revealed numerous, spherical to ellipsoidal, mucicarmine-positive, 3- to 14-mum, encapsulated, budding cells consistent with C. neoformans. Culture of the lung tissue yielded colonies of C. neoformans. The isolate was urease positive and nitrate negative and exhibited phenoloxidase activity. It was positive on canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue agar. When tested by the Iatron serodiagnostic reagent kit (Iatron Laboratories, Inc.), it was shown to belong to serotype B. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Padhye, AA (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Mail Stop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 40 IS 2 BP 721 EP 724 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.2.721-724.2002 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 519NG UT WOS:000173731900072 PM 11826007 ER PT J AU Bern, C Arrowood, MJ Eberhard, M Maguire, JH AF Bern, C Arrowood, MJ Eberhard, M Maguire, JH TI Cyclospora in Guatemala: Further considerations SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CAYETANENSIS; INFECTION; CHILDREN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bern, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 40 IS 2 BP 731 EP 731 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.2.731-732.2002 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 519NG UT WOS:000173731900076 PM 11826011 ER PT J AU Sussell, A Ashley, K AF Sussell, A Ashley, K TI Field measurement of lead in workplace air and paint chip samples by ultrasonic extraction and portable anodic stripping voltammetry SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article AB On-site measurement of lead in workplace air filter samples and paint chip samples by ultrasonic extraction and anodic stripping voltammetry (UE-ASV) was evaluated in the field during renovation and remodeling activities in residences having leaded paint. Aerosol and paint samples were collected using standard techniques, and the samples were analyzed on-site for lead content by portable UE-ASV. Lead in sample extracts was subsequently determined by atomic absorption (AA) spectrometry in a fixed-site laboratory. The remaining sample extracts plus undissolved material (air filters or paint particles) were then subjected to hot plate digestion in concentrated nitric acid-30% hydrogen peroxide prior to AA analysis for lead. Field UE-ASV lead data were thereby compared to UE-AA and hot plate digestion-AA results from fixed-site laboratory lead measurement. Determination of lead in air filter samples by UE-ASV (over the range of 5 mug to similar to 800 mug Pb per sample) was extremely well correlated with lead measurement by UE-AA and hot plate digestion-AA procedures, However, a significant negative bias associated with ASV measurement was observed, and this was attributed to a matrix effect. Lead measurement in paint chip samples by UE-ASV (over the range of similar to 10 to similar to 550 mug Pb g(-1)) was well correlated with lead measurement by UE-AA and hot plate digestion-AA procedures, However, correlation and precision were lower for lead measurement in paint samples as compared to aerosol samples, and a negative bias was also observed. Lead measurements by UE-AA were compared to lead determinations by hot plate digestion-AA; these data were highly correlated and demonstrated no significant bias. Thus it was concluded that the ultrasonic extraction procedure performed equivalently to hot plate digestion. It was reasoned that matrix effects due to the preparation and analysis of paint chip particles resulted in greater imprecision as well as negative bias by ASV measurement. Despite significant negative bias in this sample set, UE-ASV offers promise for on-site measurement of lead in samples of interest in occupational and environmental health. C1 NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Ashley, K (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 4 IS 1 BP 156 EP 161 DI 10.1039/b109070b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 530NM UT WOS:000174364600029 PM 11871698 ER PT J AU McQueen, DV AF McQueen, DV TI The evidence debate - Evaluating evidence for public health interventions SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID COMMUNITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP McQueen, DV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Burford HWY,NE,Mailstop K-40, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 9 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0143-005X J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD FEB PY 2002 VL 56 IS 2 BP 83 EP 84 DI 10.1136/jech.56.2.83 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 514YR UT WOS:000173469100003 PM 11812803 ER PT J AU Gist, DH Dawes, SM Turner, TW Sheldon, S Congdon, JD AF Gist, DH Dawes, SM Turner, TW Sheldon, S Congdon, JD TI Sperm storage in turtles: A male perspective SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Congress on Zoology CY AUG 27-SEP 02, 2000 CL ATHENS, GREECE ID REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA; GOPHERUS-POLYPHEMUS; MULTIPLE PATERNITY; MOTILITY; OVIDUCT; LIZARD; EPIDIDYMIS; DURATION; TORTOISE AB The storage and behavior of sperm collected from the epididymis of two emyiid turtles were examined. In Chrysemys picta, the weight of the epididymis does not change significantly throughout the year as does the testis. However, in this species, as well as in Trachemys scripta, the epididymis contains sperm throughout the entire year. Sperm from both species have a relatively low motility and velocity of movement. In C. picta, equally low motilities are observed both in the autumn, shortly after spermiation, and in spring. Motility could be augmented by the addition of isobutyl methyl xanthine (IBMX, 0.5 mmol l(-1)). Epididymal sperm remained viable in excess of 40 days in vitro when stored in F-10 buffer, during which time motility and swimming velocity could be augmented with IBMX. The longevity and low motility of turtle sperm facilitates its storage by either males or females, and creates conditions that promote the wide dissemination, over time, of gametes produced in a narrow time window. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NIOSH, Expt Toxicol Branch, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RP Gist, DH (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, POB 210006, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0022-104X J9 J EXP ZOOL JI J. Exp. Zool. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 292 IS 2 BP 180 EP 186 DI 10.1002/jez.1153 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 508PB UT WOS:000173096700007 PM 11754033 ER PT J AU Buchholz, U Run, G Kool, JL Fielding, J Mascola, L AF Buchholz, U Run, G Kool, JL Fielding, J Mascola, L TI A risk-based restaurant inspection system in Los Angeles County SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID INFECTIONS; ILLNESS AB The majority of local health departments perform routine restaurant inspections. In Los Angeles County (LAC), California, approximately $10 million/year is spent on restaurant inspections. However, data are limited as to whether or not certain characteristics of restaurants make them more likely to be associated with foodborne incident reports. We used data from the LAC Environmental Health Management Information System (EHMIS), which records the results of all routine restaurant inspections as well as data regarding all consumer-generated foodborne incidents that led to a special restaurant inspection by a sanitarian (investigated foodborne incidents [IFBIs]). We analyzed a cohort of 10,267 restaurants inspected from 1 July 1997 to 15 November 1997. We defined a "case restaurant" as any restaurant with a routine inspection from 1 July 1997 to 15 November 1997 and a subsequent IFBI from 1 July 1997 to 30 June 1998. Noncase restaurants did not have an IFBI from 1 July 1997 to 30 June 1998. We looked for specific characteristics of restaurants that might be associated with the restaurant subsequently having an IFBI, including the size of restaurant (assessed by number of seats), any previous TBIs, the overall inspection score, and a set of 38 violation codes. We identified 158 case restaurants and 10,109 noncase restaurants. In univariate analysis, middle-sized restaurants (61 to 150 seats; n = 1,681) were 2.8 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0 to 4.0) and large restaurants (>150 seats; n = 621) were 4.6 times (95% CI = 3.0 to 7.0) more likely than small restaurants (less than or equal to60 seats; n = 7,965) to become case restaurants. In addition, the likelihood of a restaurant becoming a case restaurant increased as the number of IFBIs in the prior year increased (chi(2) for linear trend, P value = 0.0005). Other factors significantly associated with the occurrence of an IFBI included a lower overall inspection score, the incorrect storage of food, the reuse of food, the lack of employee hand washing, the lack of thermometers, and the presence of any food protection violation. In multivariate analysis, the size of restaurant, the incorrect storage of food, the reuse of food, and the presence of any food protection violation remained significant predictors for becoming a case restaurant. Our data suggest that routine restaurant inspections should concentrate on those establishments that have a large seating capacity or a poor inspection history. Evaluation of inspection data bases in individual local health departments and translation of those findings into inspection guidelines could lead to an increased efficiency and perhaps cost-effectiveness of local inspection programs. C1 Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Acute Communicable Dis Control, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Buchholz, U (reprint author), Robert Koch Inst, Stresemannstr 90, D-10963 Berlin, Germany. NR 9 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 BP 367 EP 372 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 520EE UT WOS:000173767000017 PM 11848569 ER PT J AU Klevens, J Duque, LF Ramirez, C AF Klevens, J Duque, LF Ramirez, C TI The victim-perpetrator overlap and routine activities - Results from a cross-sectional study in Bogota, Colombia SO JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Article ID VICTIMIZATION; LINK AB The overlap between the populations of victims and perpetrarors, as well as the differences between victims who are perpetrators and those who are not, are explored using data from a cross-sectional survey of violence among a random sample (n = 3,007) of the general population in Bogota, Colombia. The findings show that about a third of the population have been both a victim and perpetrator of violence, whereas another third have been only victims. Victims who have not been perpetrators differ in their demographic profile and routine activities from those who have but tend to be similar to the general population. Given the large overlap between victims and perpetrators, interventions used to reduce aggression and offending might also have an impact on victimization in this population. Risk factors different from those hypothesized in the routine activities theory among victims who are not perpetrators of violence need to be explored. C1 Univ San Buenaventura, Sch Psychol, Bogota, Colombia. RP Klevens, J (reprint author), CDC, Prevent Dev & Evaluat Branch, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 24 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0886-2605 J9 J INTERPERS VIOLENCE JI J. Interpers. Violence PD FEB PY 2002 VL 17 IS 2 BP 206 EP 216 DI 10.1177/0886260502017002006 PG 11 WC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology, Applied SC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology GA 515LW UT WOS:000173498200006 ER PT J AU Yassin, AS Beckles, GL Messonnier, ML AF Yassin, AS Beckles, GL Messonnier, ML TI Disability and its economic impact among adults with diabetes SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTED ACTIVITY DAYS; HEALTH-CARE; COST; DISEASE; WORK AB The objective of this study was to estimate the annual cost of disability among people with diabetes. Data from the 1994 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 83,566) of US individuals aged 18 to 64 years were used to estimate the annual cost of disability among people with self-reported diabetes. After we adjusted for relevant socioeconomic characteristics, logistic regression analyses demonstrated that people with diabetes are more likely to stop working outside the home (for men: adjusted odds ratio, 3.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 8.0; for women: adjusted odds ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 8.8). The annual cost of disability among people with diabetes was estimated at $9.3 billion in 1994. Disability among people with diabetes is a major public health problem. Efforts to reduce disability in this population could create substantial gains in Productivity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Data Decis Making & Policy Branch, Div Int Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Stat Branch, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Effectiveness Branch, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yassin, AS (reprint author), Occupat Safety & Hlth Adm, Off Program Audit & Evaluat, US Dept Labor, 200 Constitut Ave NW,Room N3641, Washington, DC 20210 USA. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 44 IS 2 BP 136 EP 142 DI 10.1097/00043764-200202000-00008 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 520YY UT WOS:000173812400008 PM 11851214 ER PT J AU DeStefano, F Kramarz, P AF DeStefano, F Kramarz, P TI Influenza vaccine and asthma - Reply SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP DeStefano, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 140 IS 2 BP 279 EP 279 DI 10.1067/mpd.2002.120821 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 527PK UT WOS:000174194500033 ER PT J AU Beltran-Aguilar, ED Griffin, SO Lockwood, SA AF Beltran-Aguilar, ED Griffin, SO Lockwood, SA TI Prevalence and trends in enamel fluorosis in the United States from the 1930s to the 1980s SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 78th General Session of the International-Association-for-Dental-Research CY APR 05-09, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Int Assoc Dent Res ID WATER-FLUORIDE CONCENTRATIONS; FOLLOW-UP SURVEY; DENTAL FLUOROSIS; RISK-FACTORS; INFANT FORMULA; NEW-YORK; CARIES; CHILDREN; EXPOSURE; COMMUNITIES AB Background. The National Survey of Dental Caries in U.S. School Children: 1986-1987 conducted by the National Institute of Dental Research, or NIDR, remains the only source of national data about the prevalence of enamel fluorosis. The authors analyze these data and describe changes in the prevalence of enamel fluorosis since the 1930s, as reported by H. Trendley Dean. Methods. A sample of children comparable to those described in the 1930s was selected from the NIDR data set among children living in households served by public water systems during the child's first eight years of life. The type of water system (that is, natural, optimal and suboptimal) for each household had been recorded in the NIDR data set using data from the 1985 U.S. Fluoridation Census. The NIDR data set included information about the children's history of fluoride exposure obtained from parents. Results. In the 1986-1987 period, the prevalence of enamel fluorosis (ranging from very mild to severe) was 37.8 percent among children living in residences with natural fluoride (0.7 to 4.0 parts per million fluoride ions, or F-), 25.8 percent in the optimal fluoride group (0.7 to 1.2 ppm F-) and 15.5 percent in the suboptimal fluoride group (< 0.7 ppm F-). The largest increase in fluorosis prevalence from the 1930s to the 1980s was in the suboptimal fluoride group (6.5 to 15.5 percent). Conclusions and Clinical implications. Exposure to multiple sources of fluoride may explain the increase in enamel fluorosis from the 1930s to the 1980s. The exposure to fluoride from sources such as dietary supplements has decreased since the 1980s because of reductions in the recommended dosage, but these changes occurred too late to have an effect on the study cohort. Evidence of simultaneous use of systemic fluorides indicates the need to reinforce guidelines for the appropriate use of fluorides and promote research on measuring total fluoride exposure. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Invest & Res Branch, Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Beltran-Aguilar, ED (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Invest & Res Branch, Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 51 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 133 IS 2 BP 157 EP 165 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 523YC UT WOS:000173984300011 PM 11868834 ER PT J AU Sattin, RW Mullins, RJ AF Sattin, RW Mullins, RJ TI Geriatric trauma: The continuing epidemic SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SYSTEM-DEVELOPMENT; INJURED PATIENTS; UNITED-STATES; TRIAGE; MORTALITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Surg, Sch Med, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Sattin, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 50 IS 2 BP 394 EP 395 DI 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50077.x PG 2 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 520EL UT WOS:000173767600028 PM 12028228 ER PT J AU Rasool, NBG Monroe, SS Glass, RI AF Rasool, NBG Monroe, SS Glass, RI TI Determination of a universal nucleic acid extraction procedure for PCR detection of gastroenteritis viruses in faecal specimens SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE faeces; nucleic-acid extraction; PCR; gastroenteritis viruses ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION PCR; ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; STOOL SPECIMENS; ENTERIC ADENOVIRUS-40; ROTAVIRUS INFECTION; ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS; HUMAN CALICIVIRUS; FECES; RNA AB Four nucleic acid extraction protocols were examined for their suitability for extraction of the ssRNA, dsRNA and dsDNA genomes of gastroenteritis viruses, for PCR detection. Protocol (A), employed specimen lysis with guanidinium thiocyanate, extraction with phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol and nucleic acid purification by size-fractionated silica particles. Protocol (B), utilised specimen lysis with guanidinium thiocyanate and nucleic acid purification by silica, followed by phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol extraction. Protocol (C), employed specimen lysis with guanidinium. thiocyanate and nucleic acid purification by RNAID glass powder. Protocol (D), employed specimen lysis with sodium dodecyl sulphate, proteinase K digestion and extraction with phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol. Of the four protocols, (13) appeared to be a suitable candidate 'universal' nucleic acid extraction procedure for PCR detection of different viral agents of gastroenteritis in a single nucleic acid extract of a faecal specimen, irrespective of genome composition. Omission of the phenol-chloroform extraction step did not affect negatively the ability of protocol (B) to allow PCR detection of gastroenteritis viruses in faecal specimens. PCR detection of NLVs, astroviruses, rotaviruses and adenoviruses, in single nucleic acid extracts of faecal specimens obtained from the field, confirmed the universality of the modified protocol (B). We propose the modified protocol (B) as a 'universal' nucleic acid extraction procedure, for monoplex PCR detection of gastroenteritis viruses in single nucleic acid extracts of faecal specimens and for development of multiplex PCR for their simultaneous detection. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Malaya, Inst Biol Sci, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. CDCP, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viris Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rasool, NBG (reprint author), Univ Malaya, Inst Biol Sci, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 29 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD FEB PY 2002 VL 100 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(01)00379-2 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 515FL UT WOS:000173484700001 PM 11742648 ER PT J AU Oberste, MS Maher, K Pallansch, MA AF Oberste, MS Maher, K Pallansch, MA TI Molecular, phylogeny and proposed classification of the simian picornaviruses SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VESICULAR DISEASE VIRUS; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; COXSACKIE B5 VIRUS; HUMAN ENTEROVIRUSES; TREE TOPOLOGIES; VP1 SEQUENCE; SEROTYPE-1; EVOLUTION AB The simian picornaviruses were isolated from various primate tissues during the development of general tissue culture methods in the 1950s to 1970s or from specimens derived from primates used in biomedical research. Twenty simian picornavirus serotypes are recognized, and all are presently classified within the Enterovirus genus. To determine the phylogenetic relationships among all of the simian picornaviruses and to evaluate their classification, we have determined complete VP1 sequences for 19 of the 20 serotypes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that A13, SV19, SV26, SV35, SV43, and SV46 are members of human enterovirus species A, a group that contains enterovirus 71 and 11 of the coxsackie A viruses. SA5 is a member of human enterovirus species B, which contains the enterviruses, coxsackie B viruses, coxsackievirus A9, and enterovirus 69. SV6, N125, and N203 are related to one another and, more distantly, to species A human enteroviruses, but could not be definitely assigned to a species. SV4 and SV28 are closely related to one another and to A-2 plaque virus, but distinct from other enteroviruses, suggesting that these simian viruses are members of a new enterovirus species. SV2, SV16, SV18, SV42, SV44, SV45, and SV49 are related to one another but distinct from viruses in all other picornavirus genera, suggesting that they may comprise a previously unknown genus in Picornaviridae. Several simian virus VP1 sequences (N125 and N203; SW and SV28; SV19, SV26, and SV35; SV18 and SV44; SV16, SV42, and SV45) are greater than 75% identical to one another (and/or greater than 85% amino acid identity), suggesting that the true number of distinct serotypes among the viruses surveyed is less than 20. C1 CDCP, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), CDCP, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 41 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 76 IS 3 BP 1244 EP 1251 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.3.1244-1251.2002 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 511TM UT WOS:000173281700034 PM 11773400 ER PT J AU Chakrabarti, A Marhawa, RK Mondal, R Trehan, A Gupta, S Rao, DSVR Sethi, S Padhye, AA AF Chakrabarti, A Marhawa, RK Mondal, R Trehan, A Gupta, S Rao, DSVR Sethi, S Padhye, AA TI Generalized lymphadenopathy caused by Trichosporon asahii in a patient with Job's syndrome SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE generalized lymphadenopathy; hypereosinophilia; Job's syndrome; trichosporonosis; Trichosporon asahii ID BEIGELII FUNGEMIA; HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS; HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES; GENUS TRICHOSPORON; AMPHOTERICIN-B; INFECTION; CUTANEUM; ENDOCARDITIS; PATHOGEN; THERAPY AB Of the six species of Trichosporon known to cause human infections, T. asahii is the main agent of invasive trichosporonosis. We describe an unusual case of generalized lymphadenopathy due to T. asahii in a 10-year-old boy with Job's syndrome (markedly elevated IgE with eosinophilia). The diagnosis was based on the presence of blastic conidia and hyphal elements breaking into arthroconidia in biopsied tissue of the cervical lymph node and isolation of the causal agent T. asahii in pure culture. The patient responded initially to amphotericin B therapy, but the infection recurred within 4 weeks and did not respond to therapy of liposomal amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine for 10 days. The patient left the hospital against medical advice. C1 Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Med Microbiol, Chandigarh 160012, India. Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Pediat, Chandigarh 160012, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chakrabarti, A (reprint author), Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Med Microbiol, Chandigarh 160012, India. RI pasuvalingam, visha/B-5717-2012 NR 40 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU B I O S SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS LTD PI OXFORD PA 9 NEWTEC PLACE, MAGDALEN RD, OXFORD OX4 1RE, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1 BP 83 EP 86 DI 10.1080/714031075 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 523JB UT WOS:000173949300011 PM 11862981 ER PT J AU Heffelfinger, JD Davis, TE Gebrian, B Bordeau, R Schwartz, B Dowell, SF AF Heffelfinger, JD Davis, TE Gebrian, B Bordeau, R Schwartz, B Dowell, SF TI Evaluation of children with recurrent pneumonia diagnosed by World Health Organization criteria SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pneumonia; recurrent; children; asthma; Haiti; WHO ID INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; CHILDHOOD ILLNESS; LUNG-FUNCTION; ASTHMA; ALGORITHM; SMOKING; MALARIA; AREA AB Background. A World Health Organization (WHO) case management approach has been used to identify and treat children with pneumonia worldwide since 1987. Many children are treated repeatedly: 23% of children with pneumonia in our rural Haitian district had met the WHO criteria on two or more occasions; but underlying disease in such children has not been systematically studied. Methods. We enrolled 103 children who had been diagnosed with pneumonia on 3 or more occasions by community health workers using WHO criteria. We compared them with 138 children similarly evaluated but never diagnosed with pneumonia, matching by health worker and age. We administered questionnaires to parents and performed complete physical examinations, tuberculin skin tests and serologic testing for HIV on all subjects and chest radiographs on case children. Results. Two percent of case children and 1.5% of controls had positive tuberculin skin test reactions. None of the children tested was HIV seropositive. Ninety-four case children had normal baseline chest radiographs and three had focal infiltrates. A history of wheezing was reported for 79% of case children and 61% of controls (P = 0.002), and wheezing with exercise was reported for 36% and 22%, respectively (P = 0.02). Discussion. Most children in Haiti with recurrent pneumonia diagnosed by WHO criteria do not have evidence of tuberculosis, HIV infection or pulmonary anomalies, but they may be more likely to have asthma, and this should be considered as an alternative diagnosis. This information should help direct evaluation of such children in other settings and prompt further study of asthma in developing countries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Haitian Hlth Fdn, Jeremie, Haiti. RP Heffelfinger, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 21 IS 2 BP 108 EP 112 DI 10.1097/00006454-200202000-00005 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 524ZT UT WOS:000174043300004 PM 11840076 ER PT J AU da Silva, CLP Miranda, LEV Moreira, BM Rebello, D Carson, LA Kellum, ME de Almeida, MCL Sampaio, JLM O'Hara, CM AF da Silva, CLP Miranda, LEV Moreira, BM Rebello, D Carson, LA Kellum, ME de Almeida, MCL Sampaio, JLM O'Hara, CM TI Enterobacter hormaechei bloodstream infection at three neonatal intensive care units in Brazil SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Pediatrics/Ambulatory-Pediatric-Association/Society- for-Pediatric-Research CY MAY, 2000 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Acad Pediatr, Ambulat Pediatr Assoc, Soc Pediatr Res DE Enterobacter hormaechei; bloodstream infection; neonatal intensive care unit; cross-infection ID OUTBREAK AB Enterobacter hormaechei was defined as a unique species in 1989. We describe six case patients of E. hormaechei bloodstream infection in three neonatal intensive care units in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. hormaechei identification was performed on the Vitek system and confirmed by conventional testing. Strain relatedness was evaluated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. All children recovered completely. Chart review for previous procedures revealed parenteral nutrition as the only common procedure. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Ctr Prematuros Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Fleury Ctr Med Diag, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP da Silva, CLP (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Ctr Prematuros Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RI Sampaio, Jorge/E-8645-2013 OI Sampaio, Jorge/0000-0001-7789-3028 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 21 IS 2 BP 175 EP 177 DI 10.1097/00006454-200202000-00022 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 524ZT UT WOS:000174043300020 PM 11840092 ER PT J AU Bulkow, LR Singleton, RJ Karron, RA Harrison, LH AF Bulkow, LR Singleton, RJ Karron, RA Harrison, LH CA Alaska RSV Study Grp TI Risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection among Alaska Native children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE respiratory syncytial virus; Alaska Natives; breastfeeding ID MATERNAL ANTIBODY; PARENTAL SMOKING; VIRAL-INFECTION; INFANTS; BRONCHIOLITIS; ILLNESSES; HOSPITALIZATIONS; PREVENTION; DISEASE; LIFE AB Objective. The incidence of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection among Alaska Native children is much higher than among non-Native populations in the United States. We conducted this study to better understand factors associated with hospitalization attributable to RSV infection in this high-risk population. Design. Case-control study, including collection of cord blood for RSV-neutralizing antibody measurement. Setting. Remote region of southwest Alaska served by 1 regional hospital and 2 referral hospitals. Subjects. Case-patients identified through surveillance for RSV infection and matched control subjects without acute respiratory infection hospitalization. Results. Breastfeeding was associated with a lower risk of RSV hospitalization (odds ratio: 0.34), whereas underlying medical conditions (primarily prematurity) were associated with increased risk (odds ratio: 6.25). Environmental factors associated with a higher risk of hospitalization included household crowding (4 or more children in the household and crowding index >2). The level of maternal RSV-neutralizing antibody was not associated with the risk of hospitalization. Conclusions. In this region with extremely high risk of RSV hospitalization, several measures, such as encouraging breastfeeding and reducing household crowding, could reduce the risk of hospitalization attributable to RSV. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol Res Unit, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Infect Dis Epidemiol Res Unit, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Singleton, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 32 TC 116 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2002 VL 109 IS 2 BP 210 EP 216 DI 10.1542/peds.109.2.210 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 517FV UT WOS:000173601200026 PM 11826197 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Khan, LK Mei, ZG Dietz, WH Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS AF Freedman, DS Khan, LK Mei, ZG Dietz, WH Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS TI Relation of childhood height to obesity among adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE body mass index; skinfold thickness; children; longitudinal study; height; obesity ID BODY-MASS INDEX; PREDICTING OBESITY; CHILDREN; GROWTH; WEIGHT; ADIPOSITY; MENARCHE; SIZE; ADOLESCENCE; STATURE AB Objective. In a previous study of the role of various predictors of adult obesity, we found that relatively tall children had a higher body mass index (BMI; kg/m(2)) in early adulthood. In this study, the objective was to determine whether childhood height is related to adult adiposity and whether the association is independent of childhood levels of BMI and triceps skin-fold thickness. Methods. The longitudinal relations of childhood height to relative weight and skin-fold (sum of subscapular and triceps) thicknesses in adulthood were examined in a larger sample (N = 1055) of 2- to 8-year-olds who were followed for an average of 18 years. Results. Compared with children whose heights were below the gender- and age-specific median, a child with a height-for-age above the 95th percentile (P) was approximately 2.5 times as likely to have a BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m(2) and approximately 5 times as likely to have a skinfold sum >90th P in adulthood. Although height and adiposity were associated (r = 0.29) among children, the observed longitudinal relations persisted after controlling for BMI and the triceps skinfold thickness in childhood. For example, among children with the same BMI, each 10-cm difference in height was associated with differences in adulthood of 0.9 kg/m(2) for BMI and 4 mm for the skinfold sum. Conclusions. Although these results need to be confirmed in other studies, it is possible that information on childhood height could be used to identify more accurately children who are likely to be obese in later life. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Tulane Ctr Cardiovasc Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), CDC Mailstop K-26,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-38844]; NIA NIH HHS [AG-16592] NR 37 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2002 VL 109 IS 2 AR e23 DI 10.1542/peds.109.2.e23 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 517FV UT WOS:000173601200005 PM 11826233 ER PT J AU Schulte, JM Maloney, S Aronson, J San Gabriel, P Zhou, JY Saiman, L AF Schulte, JM Maloney, S Aronson, J San Gabriel, P Zhou, JY Saiman, L TI Evaluating acceptability and completeness of overseas immunization records of internationally adopted children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE international adoption; immunization; vaccine-preventable disease ID HEALTH AB Background. Increasing numbers of families in the United States are adopting children who were born in other countries. Appropriate immunization of internationally adopted children provides a challenge to pediatricians who must evaluate documentation of vaccines administered overseas and fulfill the recommended US childhood immunization schedule. The acceptability of vaccinations received outside the United States was addressed by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices in 1994, but few population-based studies assessing these vaccinations have been reported. Methods. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 504 children who were adopted from other countries and evaluated in 1997 and 1998. Our goal was to determine the acceptability of overseas vaccinations for meeting US immunization requirements. We assessed immunization records for both valid documentation of receipt of vaccine and comparability with the recommended US schedule. We also determined the number of children who were up to date (UTD) for diphtheria-tetanuspertussis, polio, hepatitis B, and measles-mumps-rubella vaccines under the US schedule. Results. The children's mean age at initial US evaluation was 19 months; 71% were girls, and most (88%) had resided in orphanages. They were adopted from 16 countries, most frequently from China (48%) and Russia (31%). Thirty-five percent (178) of children had overseas immunization records, 167 (94%) of which were considered valid. Most children with valid records (112 [67%] of 167) were UTD for 1 or more vaccine series under the US schedule. Conclusion. The majority (65%) of internationally adopted children had no written records of overseas immunizations. Among the 178 children with documented overseas immunizations, 167 (94%) had valid records and some vaccine doses that were acceptable and UTD under the US schedule. Additional research and more specific guidance in the most cost-effective approaches to evaluation of overseas vaccinations are needed to ensure appropriate state-side vaccination and to improve the health of these children and their communities. C1 CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pediat, New York, NY USA. RP Schulte, JM (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Surveillance & Epidemiol, Mail Stop E-47,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2002 VL 109 IS 2 AR e22 DI 10.1542/peds.109.2.e22 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 517FV UT WOS:000173601200004 PM 11826232 ER PT J AU Calfas, KJ Sallis, JF Zabinski, MF Wilfley, DE Rupp, J Prochaska, JJ Thompson, S Pratt, M Patrick, K AF Calfas, KJ Sallis, JF Zabinski, MF Wilfley, DE Rupp, J Prochaska, JJ Thompson, S Pratt, M Patrick, K TI Preliminary evaluation of a multicomponent program for nutrition and physical activity change in primary care: PACE+ for adults SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE physical activity; exercise; diet; nutrition; primary care provider; health communication technology; health behavior change; health promotion ID INTERACTIVE HEALTH COMMUNICATION; GENERAL-PRACTICE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; SETTINGS; BEHAVIOR; INTERVENTIONS; PREVENTION; MEDICINE AB Background. Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling on Exercise plus nutrition (PACE+) is an intervention based in primary care settings to help patients change physical activity and dietary behaviors. Methods. One hundred seventy-three adults were assessed before and after a 4-month intervention. All patients completed a computerized assessment and created tailored "action plans" to change one physical activity and one nutrition behavior that they then discussed with their provider. After the visit, subjects were randomized to one of four extended intervention conditions: control, mail only, infrequent phone and mail, and frequent phone and mail. Self-report of five target behaviors (moderate and vigorous physical activity stage of change, dietary fat, fruit/vegetable intake, and overeating behaviors) was collected at baseline and 4 months. Acceptability measures were also taken. Results. Participants in all conditions improved on all behaviors over time, supporting the utility of the computer and provider counseling components. The extended intervention did not produce differential results with respect to mode (phone or mail) or intensity (frequent or infrequent). However, for each behavior, participants who targeted the behavior to change improved significantly more than those who did not target the behavior. Acceptability of the intervention was high. Conclusions. Primary care-based, interactive health communication to improve physical activity and dietary behavior is feasible and has promising initial results. (C) 2001 American Health Foundation and Elsevier Science (USA). C1 San Diego State Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Calfas, KJ (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, PACE Project, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. NR 35 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 34 IS 2 BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.1006/pmed.2001.0964 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 520NP UT WOS:000173788200007 PM 11817910 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS Uhler, RJ AF Coughlin, SS Uhler, RJ TI Breast and cervical cancer screening practices among Hispanic women in the United States and Puerto Rico, 1998-1999 SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; cervical cancer; cancer prevention and control; Hispanics; screening mammography; Pap tests ID NEW-MEXICO; AMERICAN-INDIANS; WHITE WOMEN; PAP SMEAR; MAMMOGRAPHY; DETERMINANTS; POPULATION; ETHNICITY; BLACK AB Background. Results from recent studies suggest that Hispanic women in the United States may underuse cancer screening tests and face important barriers to screening. Methods. We examined the breast and cervical cancer screening practices of Hispanic women in 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico from 1998 through 1999 by using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Results. About 68.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 66.3 to 70.1%) of 7,253 women in this sample aged 40 years or older had received a mammogram in the past 2 years. About 81.4% (95% CI = 80.3 to 82.5%) of 12,350 women aged 18 years or older who had not undergone a hysterectomy had received a Papanicolaou test in the past 3 years. Women with lower incomes and those with less education were less likely to be screened. Women who had seen a physician in the past year and those with health insurance coverage were much more likely to have been screened. For example, among those Hispanic women aged 40 years or older who had any health insurance coverage (n = 6,063), 72.7% (95% CI 70.7-74.6%) had had a mammogram in the past 2 years compared with only 54.8% (95% CI 48.7-61.0%) of women without health insurance coverage (n = 1,184). Conclusions. These results underscore the need for continued efforts to ensure that Hispanic women who are medically underserved have access to cancer screening services. (C) 2002 American Health Foundation and Elsevier Science (USA). C1 CDCP, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), CDCP, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 40 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 34 IS 2 BP 242 EP 251 DI 10.1006/pmed.2001.0984 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 520NP UT WOS:000173788200018 PM 11817921 ER PT J AU Copeland, DL Sullivan, KM Houston, R May, W Mendoza, I Salamatullah, Q Solomons, N Nordenberg, D Maberly, GF AF Copeland, DL Sullivan, KM Houston, R May, W Mendoza, I Salamatullah, Q Solomons, N Nordenberg, D Maberly, GF TI Comparison of neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and indicators of iodine deficiency in school children SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE iodine deficiency; thyroid-stimulating hormone; urinary iodine; goitre; neonatal screening; humans; newborns ID CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM; TOPICAL IODINE; URINARY IODINE; RECALL RATE; NEWBORN; THYROTROPIN; DISORDERS; THYROXINE; DELIVERY; INFANTS AB Objectives: To compare thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in neonatal cord blood between study sites in Bangladesh, Guatemala and the United States. Also, to compare neonatal TSH results with indicators of iodine deficiency in school children. Design: Consecutive births and, in school children, cross-sectional surveys. Setting: Savar, Bangladesh; San Pedro Sacatepequez, Guatemala; and Atlanta, United States. Subjects: in each study site, cord blood was spotted on to filter paper and TSH levels determined using a sensitive monoclonal assay. In the USA, heel stick blood specimens from newborns spotted on to filter paper were also obtained as well as exposure to iodine-containing antiseptics during the birthing process. Urine specimens were collected from mothers of newborns and tested for iodine concentration. School children in the same areas were surveyed for thyroid size by palpation and ultrasonography, and urine specimens collected for iodine concentration. Results: Between 141 and 243 cord blood specimens were collected from each study site. The prevalence of elevated cord blood TSH levels (>5 mU l(-1)) was high in all study sites, from 58% to 84%. All sites would be categorised as having 'severe' iodine deficiency based on WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD criteria. Iodine-containing antiseptics were used during 98% of the births in the USA but not in Bangladesh or Guatemala. The neonatal TSH classification indicated more severe iodine deficiency levels than classifications based on urinary iodine and goitre in school children. Conclusions: In the USA, elevated TSH levels may be partially attributed to use of beta-iodine-containing antiseptics prior to birth. We recommend the cautious interpretation of TSH results in newborns for the assessment of iodine deficiency disorders when iodine-containing antiseptics are used during the birthing process. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. PAMM, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CeSSIAM, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Univ Dhaka, Inst Nutr & Food Sci, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. RP Sullivan, KM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM cdckms@sph.emory.edu NR 42 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 5 IS 1 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1079/PHN2001306 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 526ZH UT WOS:000174159200011 PM 12001982 ER PT J AU Noonan, CW Reif, JS Yost, M Touchstone, J AF Noonan, CW Reif, JS Yost, M Touchstone, J TI Occupational exposure to magnetic fields in case-referent studies of neurodegenerative diseases SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer's disease; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; electrical occupations; job-exposure matrix; Parkinson's disease ID AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; MOTOR-NEURON DISEASE; ELECTRIC UTILITY WORKERS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; DEATH CERTIFICATES; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; RISK-FACTORS; INDUSTRY DATA; BRAIN CANCER; MORTALITY AB Objectives Case-referent studies of Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease were conducted to explore the relationship between these neurodegenerative diseases and occupational exposure to magnetic fields. Three methods of exposure assessment were used for the comparison, and the consistency of findings between these approaches was evaluated. Methods Separate case-referent sets were formed from among recorded deaths of males in the state of Colorado for the years 1987 through 1996. The following three methods of exposure assessment were used: a dichotomous grouping of electrical versus nonelectrical occupations, a three-tiered grouping of potential magnetic-field exposure based on a combination of job title and industry, and categories of exposure based on the means of the magnetic fields estimated from a job-exposure matrix. Results A positive association was observed for Parkinson's disease with all the methods of magnetic-field exposure assessment, the odds ratio (OR) for the highest category in the job-exposure matrix being 1.50 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.02-2.19]. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was associated with a history of electrical occupations (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.29-1.09) but not with magnetic-field exposure as estimated by the job-exposure matrix. No consistent associations with magnetic fields were observed for Alzheimer's disease. Conclusions This study provides some support for an association between occupational magnetic-field exposure and Parkinson's disease, but the findings are novel and require replication. Associations with the other neurodegenerative diseases were inconsistent and dependent on the method of exposure assessment. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Noonan, CW (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 1600 CLifton Rd,Mailstop E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Noonan, Curtis/B-2198-2015 NR 35 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 5 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PD FEB PY 2002 VL 28 IS 1 BP 42 EP 48 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 524GU UT WOS:000174005500007 PM 11871851 ER PT J AU Martin, JA Hoyert, DL AF Martin, JA Hoyert, DL TI The national fetal death file SO SEMINARS IN PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop of the National-Institute-of-Child-Health-and-Human-Development on Stillbirth CY MAR 26, 2001 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP NICHD C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Martin, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Rm 820, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 34 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0146-0005 J9 SEMIN PERINATOL JI Semin. Perinatol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 26 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1053/sper.2002.29834 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 524GK UT WOS:000174004700002 PM 11876564 ER PT J AU Hoyert, DL Martin, JA AF Hoyert, DL Martin, JA TI Vital statistics as a data source SO SEMINARS IN PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop of the National-Institute-of-Child-Health-and-Human-Development on Stillbirth CY MAR 26, 2001 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP NICHD C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Hoyert, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Rm 820, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0146-0005 J9 SEMIN PERINATOL JI Semin. Perinatol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 26 IS 1 BP 12 EP 16 DI 10.1053/sper.2002.29835 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 524GK UT WOS:000174004700003 PM 11876561 ER PT J AU Barfield, WD Tomashek, KM Flowers, LM Iyasu, S AF Barfield, WD Tomashek, KM Flowers, LM Iyasu, S TI Contribution of late fetal deaths to US perinatal mortality rates, 1995-1998 SO SEMINARS IN PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop of the National-Institute-of-Child-Health-and-Human-Development on Stillbirth CY MAR 26, 2001 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP NICHD ID CERTIFICATES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Pregnancy & Infant Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Stat & Comp Resources Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barfield, WD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Pregnancy & Infant Hlth Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0146-0005 J9 SEMIN PERINATOL JI Semin. Perinatol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 26 IS 1 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1053/sper.2002.29850 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 524GK UT WOS:000174004700004 PM 11876562 ER PT J AU Hennessy, M Williams, SP Mercier, MM Malotte, CK AF Hennessy, M Williams, SP Mercier, MM Malotte, CK TI Designing partner-notification programs to maximize client participation - A factorial survey approach SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Background: Factorial survey methods were used to elicit preferences for partner-notification contact, interviewing, and treatment procedures. Most of the experimental alternatives were not rated as highly as standard practice, although there were differences in ratings in accordance with respondents' roles as infected persons or sex partners of infected persons. Goal: To report on research that identifies the preferences of clients and potential clients for different features of partner-notification programs. Study Design: A factorial survey was used to investigate which aspects of current and potential partner-notification programs increase the likelihood of cooperation. Six dimensions defined the hypothetical programs: (1) the sex of the client, (2) the ethnicity of the person meeting with the client,(3) the location of the first meeting with the client, (4) the method of collecting data on sex partners, (5) the contact and referral methods for partners, and (6) how infected sex partners receive medical treatment. Respondents (n = 186) were recruited from a county-run STD clinic, a community clinic, and a community-based organization that primarily provided drug treatment. Each respondent evaluated five different vignettes from two different perspectives: (1) as an infected person and (2) as a sex partner of an infected person. Results: Regression analysis of the responses showed that most experimental approaches to partner notification were negatively evaluated in comparison with evaluations for the conventional program description. There were some differences between the two sets of results, depending on the role of the respondent, suggesting that as sex partners of infected persons, respondents are less concerned about confidentiality at the notification stage but more concerned about it at the treatment stage. Finally, there was no effect of the ethnic or sex match between the disease intervention specialist program staff and the client; this demonstrates that professionalism and training can overcome cultural or ethnic disparities between program staff and clients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Penn, Annenberg Sch Commun, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Hlth Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. RP Williams, SP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 29 IS 2 BP 92 EP 99 DI 10.1097/00007435-200202000-00005 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 518QQ UT WOS:000173679700005 PM 11818894 ER PT J AU Aral, SO AF Aral, SO TI Understanding racial-ethnic and societal differentials in STI SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Editorial Material ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; SPREAD; PATTERNS; TRANSMISSION; INTERVENTION; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; HEALTH; CORE; HIV C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div Std HIV Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,M-S-E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 34 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 78 IS 1 BP 2 EP 4 DI 10.1136/sti.78.1.2 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 528ZQ UT WOS:000174275900001 PM 11872846 ER PT J AU Stout, JE Ratard, R Southwick, KL Hamilton, CD AF Stout, JE Ratard, R Southwick, KL Hamilton, CD TI Epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus testing among patients with tuberculosis in North Carolina SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTION; PREVALENCE; AIDS AB Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing is recommended for all patients with tuberculosis (TB). Methods. Surveillance data for all reported cases of TB in North Carolina from 1993 to 1999 were examined to assess HIV testing practices. Results. Of 3,680 TB patients, 3,119 (85%) had HIV testing data reported. Of these, 604 (19%) were not offered HIV testing, 465 (18%) refused testing, 379 (15%) were HIV seropositive, 29 (0.8%) were tested but results were not reported, and 1 (0.03%) had an indeterminate result. Older patients were significantly less likely to be offered HIV testing and more likely to refuse testing. Males and African Americans were more likely to be offered and to accept testing. Conclusions. At least 34% of TB patients in North Carolina from 1993 to 1999 did not receive HIV testing. Patients in higher-risk groups were more likely to be tested, but even within the highest-risk groups, testing was not universal. Health care providers Should offer HIV testing to all individuals with TB. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Durham, NC 27710 USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hamilton, CD (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Box 3279, Durham, NC 27710 USA. OI Stout, Jason/0000-0002-6698-8176 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL03759]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI07392] NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 95 IS 2 BP 231 EP 238 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 520GL UT WOS:000173772600016 PM 11846251 ER PT J AU Greenlund, KJ Giles, WH Keenan, NL Croft, JB Mensah, GA AF Greenlund, KJ Giles, WH Keenan, NL Croft, JB Mensah, GA TI Physician advice, patient actions, and health-related quality of life in secondary prevention of stroke through diet and exercise SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE counseling; diet; exercise; health-related quality of life; secondary prevention; stroke ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; HEART-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; PRIMARY-CARE; GUIDELINES; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION; STATEMENT; PROMOTION AB Background and Purpose-Healthy diet and exercise are recommended for secondary prevention in stroke patients. We examined the prevalence of persons with stroke who received physician advice for, and engaged in, dietary change and exercise, and we also sought to determine whether engaging in these actions was associated with differences in health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Methods-Data are from 51 193 participants in the 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a state-based telephone survey. The participants noted whether they were advised to eat fewer high fat/high cholesterol foods and to exercise more and whether they engaged in these activities. HRQOL measures were the reported number of the preceding 30 days when physical health was not good, mental health was not good, usual activities were limited, and both physical and mental health were good (healthy days). Results-Overall, 2.4% of the participants reported a history of stroke. Sixty-one percent of those who reported a history of stroke had been advised to eat fewer high fat/high cholesterol foods, and 85.4% of those who had received such advice reported a dietary change compared with 56.0% of those who did not receive such advice. Almost 64% of those who reported a stroke had been advised to exercise more, and 76.5% of those who received such advice reported exercising more versus 38.5% of those who did not receive such advice. Persons with stroke who reported exercising had fewer limited activity days and days when physical health was not good and more healthy days than did persons who did not exercise. Dietary actions were not associated with differences in HRQOL. Conclusions-Results highlight the importance of provider advice for secondary prevention among persons with stroke. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Greenlund, KJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 42 TC 83 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD FEB PY 2002 VL 33 IS 2 BP 565 EP 570 DI 10.1161/hs0202.102882 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 518AX UT WOS:000173644900027 PM 11823671 ER PT J AU Donnelly, MJ Simard, F Lehmann, T AF Donnelly, MJ Simard, F Lehmann, T TI Evolutionary studies of malaria vectors SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE COMPLEX; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; RIFT-VALLEY COMPLEX; GENE FLOW; WEST-AFRICA; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; CULEX-PIPIENS; SOUTH-AMERICA; DRY SEASON AB The rationales given for studies of the population genetics of vectors are usually: (1) to predict the spread of genes, such as genes conferring insecticide resistance or possibly refractoriness to parasites and (2) to reveal novel insights into the epidemiology and transmission of vector-borne disease. The successful genetic transformation of mosquitoes has highlighted the need for a critical assessment of the rapidly accumulating body of data on the population genetics of malaria vectors. This article assesses how successful molecular genetic techniques have been in revealing new population patterns. C1 Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Div Parasite & Vector Biol, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. IRD, LIN, Lab Lutte Insectes Nuisibles, F-34032 Montpellier 1, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Donnelly, MJ (reprint author), Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Div Parasite & Vector Biol, Pembroke Pl, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. EM mjames@liv.ac.uk RI SIMARD, Frederic/J-9489-2016 OI SIMARD, Frederic/0000-0002-2871-5329 NR 57 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 EI 1471-5007 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1016/S1471-4922(01)02198-5 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 517RX UT WOS:000173624600008 PM 11832298 ER PT J AU McNabb, SJN Chungong, S Ryan, M Wuhib, T Nsubuga, P Alemu, W Carande-Kulis, V Rodier, G AF McNabb, SJN Chungong, S Ryan, M Wuhib, T Nsubuga, P Alemu, W Carande-Kulis, V Rodier, G TI Conceptual framework of public health surveillance and action and its application in health sector reform SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DIPHTHERIA AB Background: Because both public health surveillance and action are crucial, the authors initiated meetings at regional and national levels to assess and reform surveillance and action systems. These meetings emphasized improved epidemic preparedness, epidemic response, and highlighted standardized assessment and reform. Methods: To standardize assessments, the authors designed a conceptual framework for surveillance and action that categorized the framework into eight core and four support activities, measured with indicators. Results: In application, country-level reformers measure both the presence and performance of the six core activities comprising public health surveillance ( detection, registration, reporting, confirmation, analyses, and feedback) and acute (epidemic-type) and planned (management-type) responses composing the two core activities of public health action. Four support activities communications, supervision, training, and resource provision enable these eight core processes.. National, multiple systems can then be concurrently assessed at each level for effectiveness, technical efficiency, and cost. Conclusions: This approach permits a cost analysis, highlights areas amenable to integration, and provides focused intervention. The final public health model becomes a district-focused, action-oriented integration of core and support activities with enhanced effectiveness, technical efficiency, and cost savings. This reform approach leads to sustained capacity development by an empowerment strategy defined as facilitated, process-oriented action steps transforming staff and the system. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, Div Surveillance & Epidem Preparedness, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Int Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Africa Reg, Harare, Zimbabwe. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McNabb, SJN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JAN 29 PY 2002 VL 2 AR 2 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-2-2 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 627XL UT WOS:000179961800001 PM 11846889 ER PT J AU Bulterys, M Fowler, MG Shaffer, N Tih, PM Greenberg, AE Karita, E Coovadia, H De Cock, KM AF Bulterys, M Fowler, MG Shaffer, N Tih, PM Greenberg, AE Karita, E Coovadia, H De Cock, KM TI Role of traditional birth attendants in preventing perinatal transmission of HIV SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; MATERNAL MORTALITY; COUNTRIES; TRIAL AB Every year a million women infected with HIV deliver babies without professional help. Marc Bulterys and colleagues suggest here that traditional birth attendants could be involved in preventing perinatal transmission of HIV by offering set-vices such as HIV testing and counselling and short courses of antiretroviral drugs. A research doctor in the Gambia comments on this suggestion. C1 CDCP, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Mother Child Transmiss & Pediat & Adolescent Stud, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Global Aids Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cameroon Baptist Convent Hlth Board, Nso, Northwest Provi, Cameroon. Rwanda Minist Hlth, Treatment & Res AIDS Ctr, Kigali, Rwanda. Univ Natal, Nelson R Mandela Med Sch, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, ZA-4013 Durban, South Africa. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, CDC Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Bulterys, M (reprint author), CDCP, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-535X J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD JAN 26 PY 2002 VL 324 IS 7331 BP 222 EP 224 DI 10.1136/bmj.324.7331.222 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 517HJ UT WOS:000173604800024 PM 11809647 ER PT J AU Crepaz, N Marks, G AF Crepaz, N Marks, G TI Towards an understanding of sexual risk behavior in people living with HIV: a review of social, psychological, and medical findings SO AIDS LA English DT Review DE HIV; seropositive; sexual risk behavior; psychosocial correlates; medical variables ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INJECTING DRUG-USERS; SEROPOSITIVE GAY MEN; BISEXUAL MEN; CONDOM USE; POSITIVE GAY; COMBINATION THERAPIES; PREVENTION SERVICES; INFECTED PATIENTS; ANAL INTERCOURSE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Crepaz, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 102 TC 227 Z9 231 U1 5 U2 24 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JAN 25 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2 BP 135 EP 149 DI 10.1097/00002030-200201250-00002 PG 15 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 519EF UT WOS:000173711400001 PM 11807297 ER PT J AU Ghys, PD Diallo, MO Ettiegne-Traore, V Kale, K Tawil, O Carael, M Traore, M Mah-bi, G De Cock, KM Wiktor, SZ Laga, M Greenberg, AE AF Ghys, PD Diallo, MO Ettiegne-Traore, V Kale, K Tawil, O Carael, M Traore, M Mah-bi, G De Cock, KM Wiktor, SZ Laga, M Greenberg, AE TI Increase in condom use and decline in HIV and sexually transmitted diseases among female sex workers in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, 1991-1998 SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE sexually transmitted diseases; female sex workers; Africa; prevention; condom use; behavioral surveillance ID WEST-AFRICAN CITY; IVORY-COAST; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; SEROPREVALENCE; DIAGNOSIS; CLINICS; TRENDS; AIDS AB Objective: To assess clinic- and community-based trends in demographic and behavioral characteristics and clinic-based trends in HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in female sex workers in Abidjan, Cote d'lvoire. Design: Multiyear cross-sectional study of first-time attenders in Clinique de Confiance, a confidential STD clinic; biannual community-based behavioral surveys. Methods: From 1992 to 1998, female sex workers were invited to attend Clinique de Confiance, where they were counseled, interviewed, clinically examined during their first visit and tested for STD and HIV infection. Community-based surveys, conducted in 1991, 1993, 1995, and 1997, interviewed women regarding socio-demographic characteristics and HIV/STD-related knowledge, attitudes and behavior. Results: Among female sex workers in Abidjan, there was a trend toward shorter duration of sex work, higher prices, and more condom use. Among sex workers attending Clinique de Confiance for the first time, significant declines were found in the prevalence of HIV infection (from 89 to 32%), gonorrhoea (from 33 to 11%), genital ulcers (from 21 to 4%), and syphilis (from 21 to 2%). In a logistic regression model that controlled for socio-demographic and behavioral changes, the year of screening remained significantly associated with HIV infection. Conclusion: The increase in condom use and the decline in prevalence of HIV infection and other STD may well have resulted from the prevention campaign for female sex workers, and such campaigns should therefore be continued, strengthened, and expanded. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 UNAIDS, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Projet RETRO CI Abidjan, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Inst Trop Med, Antwerp, Belgium. Inst Natl Sante Publ, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Natl AIDS STD TB Control Program, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ghys, PD (reprint author), UNAIDS, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. NR 19 TC 123 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JAN 25 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1097/00002030-200201250-00015 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 519EF UT WOS:000173711400014 PM 11807310 ER PT J AU Small, D Klusaritz, B Muller, P AF Small, D Klusaritz, B Muller, P CA CDC TI Evaluation of Bacillus anthracis contamination inside the Brentwood Mail Processing and Distribution Center - District of Columbia, October 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 1129-1133, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 IT Corp, Virginia Beach, VA USA. IT Corp, Somerset, NJ USA. Muller Architects, Cincinnati, OH USA. CDC, NIOSH, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Small, D (reprint author), IT Corp, Virginia Beach, VA USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 23 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 4 BP 445 EP 446 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 513VX UT WOS:000173401900007 ER PT J AU Mazurek, GH AF Mazurek, GH TI Interferon assay compared to tuberculin skin testing for latent tuberculosis detection - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mazurek, GH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 23 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 4 BP 451 EP 452 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 513VX UT WOS:000173401900019 ER PT J AU Dennis, DT Inglesby, TV O'Toole, T Henderson, DA AF Dennis, DT Inglesby, TV O'Toole, T Henderson, DA CA Working Grp Civilian Biodefense TI Citation of unethical research - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Civilian Biodef Studies, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Civilian Biodef Studies, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Dennis, DT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 23 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 4 BP 453 EP 453 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 513VX UT WOS:000173401900021 ER PT J AU Reef, SE Frey, TK Theall, K Abernathy, E Burnett, CL Icenogle, J McCauley, MM Wharton, M AF Reef, SE Frey, TK Theall, K Abernathy, E Burnett, CL Icenogle, J McCauley, MM Wharton, M TI The changing epidemiology of rubella in the 1990s - On the verge of elimination and new challenges for control and prevention SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WORKPLACE AB Context In 1989, the United States established a goal to eliminate indigenous rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) by 2000. Reported rubella cases are at record low levels; however, cases and outbreaks have occurred, primarily among unvaccinated foreign-born adults. Objective To evaluate the current epidemiology of rubella and CRS and assess progress toward elimination. Design, Setting, and Subjects Analysis of rubella cases reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System from 1990 through 1999 and CRS cases reported to the National Congenital Rubella Syndrome Registry from 1990 through 1999. Since 1996, US and international viral isolates have been sequenced. Main Outcome Measures incidence and characteristics of rubella and CRS cases; molecular typing of virus isolates. Results Annually from 1990 through 1999, the median number of reported rubella cases was 232 (range, 128-1412), and between 1992 and 1999, fewer than 300 rubella cases were reported annually, except in 1998. During the 1990s, the incidence of rubella in children younger than 15 years decreased (0.63 vs 0.06 per 100000 in 1990 vs 1999), whereas the incidence in adults aged 15 to 44 years increased (0.13 vs 0.24 per 100000). In 1992, incidence among Hispanics was 0.06 per 100000 and increased to a high in 1998 of 0.97 per 100000. From 1997 through 1999, 20 (83%) of 24 CRS infants were born to Hispanic mothers, and 21 (91%) of 23 CRS infants were born to foreign-born mothers. Molecular typing identified 3 statistically distinct genotypic groups. In group 1, the close relatedness of viruses suggests that a single imported source seeded an outbreak that did not spread beyond the Northeast. Similarly, within groups 2 and 3, relatedness of viruses obtained from clusters of cases suggests that single imported sources seeded each one. Diversity of viruses found in 1 state is consistent with the conclusion that several viruses were imported. Moreover, the similarity of viruses found across the country, combined with a lack of epidemiologic evidence of endemic transmission, support the conclusion that some viruses that are common abroad, particularly in Latin America and the Carribean, were introduced into the United States on several separate occasions. Conclusions The epidemiology of rubella and CRS has changed significantly in the last decade. These changes and molecular typing suggest that the United States is on the verge of elimination of the disease. To prevent future rubella outbreaks and CRS, current strategies must be enhanced and new strategies developed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Utah Dept Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. RP Reef, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 78 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 23 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 4 BP 464 EP 472 DI 10.1001/jama.287.4.464 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 513VX UT WOS:000173401900023 PM 11798368 ER PT J AU Abramson, JS Pickering, LK AF Abramson, JS Pickering, LK TI US immunization policy SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHILDREN; VACCINE; IMPACT C1 Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Amer Acad Pediat, Comm Infect Dis, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Abramson, JS (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 300 S Hawthorne Rd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 23 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 4 BP 505 EP 509 DI 10.1001/jama.287.4.505 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 513VX UT WOS:000173401900029 PM 11798374 ER PT J AU Shaw, GM Nelson, V Moore, CA AF Shaw, GM Nelson, V Moore, CA TI Prepregnancy body mass index and risk of multiple congenital anomalies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Letter ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; OBESE WOMEN C1 Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Oakland, CA 94606 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shaw, GM (reprint author), Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, 1830 Embarcadero,Suite 100, Oakland, CA 94606 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU913241] NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD JAN 22 PY 2002 VL 107 IS 3 BP 253 EP 255 DI 10.1002/ajmg.10164 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 508YD UT WOS:000173116600014 PM 11807910 ER PT J AU Murphy, TV Gargiullo, PM Wharton, M AF Murphy, TV Gargiullo, PM Wharton, M TI More on rotavirus vaccination and intussusception SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Murphy, TV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 17 PY 2002 VL 346 IS 3 BP 211 EP 212 DI 10.1056/NEJM200201173460317 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 511NZ UT WOS:000173273600026 PM 11796862 ER PT J AU Reese, S Owens, P Weyant, R Woodson, B Davis, B Brand, D Adams, M Breukelman, F Davies-Cole, J Oba, S Martin, L Reyes-Salvail, F Aydelotte, J Steiner, B Stemnock, L Shepherd, D Hunt, C Sparks, T Bates, B Graber, J Lopez, H Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Johnson, D Jackson-Thompson, J Feigley, P Andelt, L DeJan, E Porter, J Boeselager, G Honey, W Baker, C Gizlice, Z Shireley, L Coss, PP Baker, K Pickle, K Mann, L Cintron, Y Hesser, J Wu, M Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Condon, K Marti, K Roe, C Hicks, J Simmons, KW King, F Pearson, K Futa, M AF Reese, S Owens, P Weyant, R Woodson, B Davis, B Brand, D Adams, M Breukelman, F Davies-Cole, J Oba, S Martin, L Reyes-Salvail, F Aydelotte, J Steiner, B Stemnock, L Shepherd, D Hunt, C Sparks, T Bates, B Graber, J Lopez, H Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Johnson, D Jackson-Thompson, J Feigley, P Andelt, L DeJan, E Porter, J Boeselager, G Honey, W Baker, C Gizlice, Z Shireley, L Coss, PP Baker, K Pickle, K Mann, L Cintron, Y Hesser, J Wu, M Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Condon, K Marti, K Roe, C Hicks, J Simmons, KW King, F Pearson, K Futa, M CA CDC TI State-specific prevalence of current cigarette smoking among adults, and policies and attitudes about secondhand smoke - United States, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 1101-1106, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Cardiovasc Hlth Br, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reese, S (reprint author), CDC, Cardiovasc Hlth Br, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 16 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 3 BP 309 EP 310 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 511YQ UT WOS:000173294700008 ER PT J CA CDC TI Acute flaccid paralysis associated with circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus - Philippines, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, pg 50874-5, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Natl Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Epidemiol Ctr, Res Inst Trop Med, Dept Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, Manila, Philippines. Victorian Infect Dis Reference Lab, Reg Reference Lab, Fairfield, Vic, Australia. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Global Specialized Lab, Tokyo, Japan. WHO, Vaccines & Biol Dept, Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Vaccine Preventable Dis Eradicat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Natl Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Epidemiol Ctr, Res Inst Trop Med, Dept Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 16 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 3 BP 311 EP 311 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 511YQ UT WOS:000173294700009 ER PT J AU Nicoll, A Evans, B Asgari, N Hahne, S Johnson, E Jinadu, BA Talbot, R Werner, SB Vugia, D AF Nicoll, A Evans, B Asgari, N Hahne, S Johnson, E Jinadu, BA Talbot, R Werner, SB Vugia, D CA CDC TI Coccidioidomycosis among persons attending the world championship of model airplane flying - Kern County, California, October 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 1106-1107, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Publ Hlth Lab Serv, London, England. Kern Cty Dept Hlth, Bakersfield, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mycot Dis Br, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nicoll, A (reprint author), Publ Hlth Lab Serv, London, England. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 16 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 3 BP 312 EP 312 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 511YQ UT WOS:000173294700011 ER PT J AU Geiss, LS Gregg, E Engelgau, MM Ram, RP Eberhardt, MS Burt, VL AF Geiss, LS Gregg, E Engelgau, MM Ram, RP Eberhardt, MS Burt, VL TI Diagnosis and treatment of peripheral arterial disease SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Geiss, LS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 16 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 3 BP 313 EP 314 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 511YQ UT WOS:000173294700013 PM 11790199 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Giles, WH Dietz, WH AF Ford, ES Giles, WH Dietz, WH TI Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults - Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; SYNDROME-X; DIABETES-MELLITUS; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; RISK; EXERCISE; WHITES; NIDDM; DIET AB Context The Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATP III) highlights the importance of treating patients with the metabolic syndrome to prevent cardiovascular disease. Limited information is available about the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the United States, however. Objective To estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the United States as defined by the ATP III report. Design, Setting, and Participants Analysis of data on 8814 men and women aged 20 years or older from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), a cross-sectional health survey of a nationally representative sample of the noninstitutionalized civilian US population. Main Outcome Measures Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome as defined by ATP III (greater than or equal to3 of the following abnormalities): waist circumference greater than 102 cm in men and 88 cm in women; serum triglycerides level of at least 150 mg/dL (1.69 mmol/L); high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of less than 40 mg/dL (1.04 mmol/L) in men and 50 mg/dL (1.29 mmol/L) in women; blood pressure of at least 130/85 mm Hg; or serum glucose level of at least 110 mg/dL (6.1 mmol/L). Results The unadjusted and age-adjusted prevalences of the metabolic syndrome were 21.8% and 23.7%, respectively. The prevalence increased from 6.7% among participants aged 20 through 29 years to 43.5% and 42.0% for participants aged 60 through 69 years and aged at least 70 years, respectively. Mexican Americans had the highest age-adjusted prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (31.9%). The age-adjusted prevalence was similar for men (24.0%) and women (23.4%). However, among African Americans, women had about a 57% higher prevalence than men did and among Mexican Americans, women had about a 26% higher prevalence than men did. Using 2000 census data, about 47 million US residents have the metabolic syndrome. Conclusions These results from a representative sample of US adults show that the metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent. The large numbers of US residents with the metabolic syndrome may have important implications for the health care sector. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 3479 Z9 3773 U1 21 U2 215 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 16 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 3 BP 356 EP 359 DI 10.1001/jama.287.3.356 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 511YQ UT WOS:000173294700030 PM 11790215 ER PT J AU Whitehead, N Hill, HA Brogan, DJ Blackmore-Prince, C AF Whitehead, N Hill, HA Brogan, DJ Blackmore-Prince, C TI Exploration of threshold analysis in the relation between stressful life events and preterm delivery SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gestational age; pregnancy; pregnancy outcome; stress; psychosocial ID PRENATAL MATERNAL STRESS; INFANT BIRTH-WEIGHT; GESTATIONAL-AGE; PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS; PREGNANCY; WOMEN; INTERVIEW; LENGTH; RISK; PREMATURITY AB Biologic evidence suggests that the hormones activated by stress affect gestational length, but the results of epidemiologic investigations are inconsistent. The authors of this paper know of no threshold models that have been studied; these models assume that stress does not affect preterm delivery until a certain amount of stress has been experienced but that each unit of stress above the threshold adds to the risk of preterm delivery. By using standard logistic regression, the authors compared threshold and nonthreshold models of the relation between number of stressful life events and preterm delivery in 11 US states. They used data on 1990-1995 births from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. The risk of preterm delivery among multiparas who gave birth in 1990-1993 increased 7% for each event over five they experienced, but no relation was found for 1994-1995 births. Among primiparas who gave birth in 1994-1995, the risk increased 5% for each event over two, but no relation was found for 1990-1993 births. These results suggest that a threshold model may fit the relation between stress and preterm delivery better than one with no threshold. However, the inconsistent results are difficult to reconcile with a biologic threshold in the relation between stress and preterm delivery. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Whitehead, N (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 35 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 2 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1093/aje/155.2.117 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 513QF UT WOS:000173389100003 PM 11790674 ER PT J AU Hudgens, MG Longini, IM Vanichseni, S Hu, DJ Kitayaporn, D Mock, PA Halloran, ME Satten, GA Choopanya, K Mastro, TD AF Hudgens, MG Longini, IM Vanichseni, S Hu, DJ Kitayaporn, D Mock, PA Halloran, ME Satten, GA Choopanya, K Mastro, TD TI Subtype-specific transmission probabilities for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 among injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disease transmission; HIV; HIV infections; HIV-1; risk; risk factors; survival analysis ID INTERVAL-CENSORED-DATA; HIV-1 SUBTYPES; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; ENVELOPE SUBTYPES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; VIRAL LOAD; INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB The Bangkok (Thailand) Metropolitan Administration cohort of injecting drug users (IDUs) consisted of 1,209 IDUs initially seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who were followed from 1995 to 1998 at 15 Administration drug treatment clinics. At enrollment and approximately every 4 months thereafter, participants were assessed for HIV seropositivity. As of December 1998, there were 133 HIV type 1 seroconversions and approximately 2,300 person-years of follow-up. Of the 133 observed seroconversions, specimens from 126 persons were available for subtyping (27 subtype B, 99 subtype E). In this analysis, the authors assessed differences in subtype-specific transmission while controlling for important risk factors. The methodology used accounts for left truncation, interval censoring, and competing risks as well as for time-varying covariates such as each IDU's history of reported frequency of injection and of incarceration. Using plausible epidemiologic assumptions and controlling for behavioral risks, the authors found that a significantly higher transmission probability was associated with subtype E compared with subtype B in this population. Since many epidemiologic, virologic, and host factors can influence HIV transmission, it was difficult to conclude whether these differences in transmission probabilities were due to biologic properties associated with subtype. C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok, Thailand. HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Hudgens, MG (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, 1100 Fairview Ave N,MW-500,POB 19024, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI32042]; PHS HHS [R01-A140846, T32A107442] NR 39 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 2 BP 159 EP 168 DI 10.1093/aje/155.2.159 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 513QF UT WOS:000173389100009 PM 11790680 ER PT J AU Taylor, Z O'Brien, RJ AF Taylor, Z O'Brien, RJ TI One size fits all? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Taylor, Z (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 165 IS 2 BP 305 EP 305 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 512XZ UT WOS:000173350000029 ER PT J AU Villanueva, JM Ellerbrock, TV Lennox, JL Bush, TJ Wright, TC Pratt-Palmore, M Evans-Strickfaden, T Conley, LJ Schnell, C Hart, CE AF Villanueva, JM Ellerbrock, TV Lennox, JL Bush, TJ Wright, TC Pratt-Palmore, M Evans-Strickfaden, T Conley, LJ Schnell, C Hart, CE TI The menstrual cycle does not affect human immunodeficiency virus type 1 levels in vaginal secretions SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FEMALE GENITAL-TRACT; RNA LEVELS; PCR ASSAY; WOMEN; HIV-1; PLASMA; BLOOD AB To determine whether the menstrual cycle affects human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 levels in vaginal secretions, vaginal lavage samples were collected at 7, 14, and 21 days after initiation of menses, to compare virus levels during the follicular, ovulatory, and luteal phases. During 33 menstrual cycles in 25 women, HIV-1 RNA levels in vaginal secretions ranged from <1000 to 5.3 x 10(7) copies per lavage, and weekly changes ranged from, <0.5 to 2.5 log(10) copies per lavage. HIV-1 RNA levels in vaginal lavage samples from days 7, 14, and 21 were not significantly different. No discernible pattern was found in changes of vaginal virus loads (VVLs) during the menstrual cycle. VVLs were not correlated with plasma estradiol or progesterone levels (P > .05). These results suggest that hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle do not have a significant effect on HIV-1 RNA levels in vaginal secretions. C1 CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Grady Infect Dis Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pathol, New York, NY USA. RP Hart, CE (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Lennox, Jeffrey/D-1654-2014 OI Lennox, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2064-5565 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU214921, U64/CCU412279] NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 2 BP 170 EP 177 DI 10.1086/338447 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 508LX UT WOS:000173091300005 PM 11807690 ER PT J AU Benin, AL Benson, RF Arnold, KE Fiore, AE Cook, PG Williams, LK Fields, B Besser, RE AF Benin, AL Benson, RF Arnold, KE Fiore, AE Cook, PG Williams, LK Fields, B Besser, RE TI An outbreak of travel-associated legionnaires disease and pontiac fever: The need for enhanced surveillance of travel-associated legionellosis in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Epidemic Intelligence Service Conference CY APR, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA ID SOURCE EXPOSURE; WHIRLPOOL SPA; PNEUMOPHILA; PREVENTION; PNEUMONIA; EPIDEMIC; STRAINS; HEALTH AB Travel-associated outbreaks of legionnaires disease (LD) and combined outbreaks of LD and Pontiac fever (PF) are rarely identified. During one travel-associated combined outbreak at a hotel, a cohort study of potentially exposed persons and an environmental investigation were performed. Two LD and 22 PF cases were identified. Legionella pneumophila serogroup 6 (Lp6) isolates from the index patient and the hotel whirlpool spa were found to be identical by amplified fragment-length polymorphism typing. Disease occurred in 10 of 26 guests who were exposed to the spa versus 2 of 29 guests who were exposed only to the pool area (38% vs. 7%; P = .005). Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody to the outbreak Lp6 strain was more common among persons with PF (4 of 9) than among non-ill persons (2 of 32) (44% vs. 6%; P = .02). Spa exposure correlated with disease (P = .001) and IgM seropositivity (P = .007). New laboratory techniques facilitate outbreak investigation; to expedite outbreak interruption and measure the impact of travel-associated legionellosis, surveillance must be improved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Besser, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 2 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.1086/338060 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 508LX UT WOS:000173091300013 PM 11807698 ER PT J AU Welch, KJ Morse, A AF Welch, KJ Morse, A CA Adult Spectrum Dis Project New Orl TI Association between efavirenz and selected psychiatric and neurological conditions SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Welch, KJ (reprint author), HIV Outpatient Clin, 136 S Roman St,3d Fl, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 2 BP 268 EP 269 DI 10.1086/338201 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 508LX UT WOS:000173091300020 PM 11807705 ER PT J AU Satten, GA Datta, S AF Satten, GA Datta, S TI Marginal estimation for multi-stage models: waiting time distributions and competing risks analyses SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE waiting time distribution; competing risks analyses ID NONPARAMETRIC-ESTIMATION; CENSORED-DATA AB We provide non-parametric estimates of the marginal cumulative distribution of stage occupation times (waiting times) and non-parametric estimates of marginal cumulative incidence function (proportion of persons who leave stage j for stage j' within time t of entering stage j) using right-censored data from a multi-stage model. We allow for stage and path dependent censoring where the censoring hazard for an individual may depend on his or her natural covariate history such as the collection of stages visited before the current stage and their occupation times. Additional external time dependent covariates that may induce dependent censoring can also be incorporated into our estimates, if available. Our approach requires modelling the censoring hazard so that an estimate of the integrated censoring hazard can be used in constructing the estimates of the waiting times distributions. For this purpose, we propose the use of an additive hazard model which results in very flexible (robust) estimates. Examples based on data from burn patients and simulated data with tracking are also provided to demonstrate the performance of our estimators. C1 CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Satten, GA (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop F-24,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 1 BP 3 EP 19 DI 10.1002/sim.967 PG 17 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 509YF UT WOS:000173177300002 PM 11782047 ER PT J AU Lu, XH Clements, JD Katz, JM AF Lu, XH Clements, JD Katz, JM TI Mutant Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin [LT(R192G)] enhances protective humoral and cellular immune responses to orally administered inactivated influenza vaccine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE influenza; oral vaccination; mucosal adjuvant ID ADP-RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; CHOLERA-TOXIN; VIRUS-VACCINE; ADJUVANT ACTIVITY; INTRANASAL IMMUNIZATION; MUCOSAL ADJUVANTICITY; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; NONTOXIC MUTANT; TH2 RESPONSES; SYSTEMIC IGG AB Influenza vaccines capable of inducing both systemic and mucosal antibody responses are highly desirable. Optimal induction of mucosal IgA is accomplished by mucosal delivery of vaccine, Mucosal adjuvants may improve the immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines delivered by this route. Here, we compare the adjuvant activities of a mutant of heat-labile enterotoxin from Escherichia coli [LT(R192G)] with those of the wildtype LT (wtLT) for oral vaccination with inactivated influenza vaccine in BALB/c mice. Compared with administration of oral influenza vaccine alone, co-administration of vaccine with LT(R192G) provided enhanced protection from infection in the upper and lower respiratory tract equivalent to and at similar doses as that obtained with wtLT. Likewise, LT(R192G) augmented virus-specific I-G and I-A responses in serum, lung and nasal washes and the numbers of virus-specific antibody-forming cells in spleen, lung and Peyer's patches in a manner comparable to wtLT. Virus-specific splenic CD4(+) cells from mice administered oral vaccine with either adjuvant produced a mixed Th1 - and Th2-type cytokine response pattern. Taken together, these results indicate that LT(R192G), like wtLT, is a potent adjuvant for oral vaccination of mice with influenza vaccine. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Tulane Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Katz, JM (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 73 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 7-8 BP 1019 EP 1029 AR PII S0264-410X(01)00452-2 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00452-2 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 521TV UT WOS:000173858200007 PM 11803061 ER PT J AU Treanor, J Keitel, W Belshe, R Campbell, J Schiff, G Zangwill, K Wolff, M Klimov, A Levandowski, R Lambert, L AF Treanor, J Keitel, W Belshe, R Campbell, J Schiff, G Zangwill, K Wolff, M Klimov, A Levandowski, R Lambert, L TI Evaluation of a single dose of half strength inactivated influenza vaccine in healthy adults SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE influenza vaccine; healthy adults; dose response ID ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; VIRUS-VACCINE; REACTOGENICITY; A/USSR/77; SERUM AB Because of delays in the manufacturing of the 2000-2001, trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in the US, there were concerns that there might be shortages of vaccine supply in the US, Therefore, we conducted a prospective, randomized, open-label, multicenter trial at six C academic medical centers in the US, to evaluate the immunogenicity of a half dose of inactivated vaccine in healthy adults. Healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 49 were randomized to receive either a full 0.5 ml (15.5 mug of each HA antigen) dose or a 0.25 ml (7.75 mug of each HA antigen) dose of the 2000-2001 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine by intramuscular injection. Sera were obtained for assessment of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody to each of the three strains contained in the vaccine before and 21 days after vaccination. The proportions of individuals achieving a post-vaccination titer of greater than or equal to1:40, the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of post-vaccination antibody, and the proportions of individuals with a four-fold or greater increase in antibody were lower for all three strains in those receiving 0.25 ml of vaccine compared to those receiving 0.5 ml. However, the differences were small for all three antigens. The upper 95% confidence limits for differences between 0.25 and 0.5 ml doses were less than 20% for rates of achieving a titer of greater than or equal to1:40 and four-fold response, and less than 1.5 for the ratios of GMTs between dose groups, for all three vaccine antigens. These results suggest that when vaccine is in short supply, a strategy using a half dose in healthy adults could increase the number of people vaccinated with relatively little adverse impact on vaccine immunogenicity. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Rochester, Infect Dis Unit, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Vaccine Res, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EMMES Corp, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Treanor, J (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Infect Dis Unit, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR 00425, M01 RR0044-40]; NIAID NIH HHS [N01 AI 45250, N01 AI 45249, N01 AI 45252, N01 AI 65313, T32 AI 07524, N01 AI 45251, N01 AI 45248, N01 AI 65316]; PHS HHS [N01 45250] NR 15 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 7-8 BP 1099 EP 1105 AR PII S0264-410X(01)00440-6 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00440-6 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 521TV UT WOS:000173858200016 PM 11803070 ER PT J AU Setia, S Mainzer, H Washington, ML Coil, G Synder, R Weniger, BG AF Setia, S Mainzer, H Washington, ML Coil, G Synder, R Weniger, BG TI Frequency and causes of vaccine wastage SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE wastage; cold chain; Expiration ID IMMUNIZATION CAMPAIGN; STORAGE; DELIVERY; CHALLENGES; TRANSPORT; INDONESIA AB Assessing the frequency of vaccine wastage and the relative magnitude of its various causes may help to target efforts to reduce these losses and to husband funds for increasingly expensive vaccines. Methods: As a preliminary overview of wastage in the United States, 64 public-sector state and local health department immunization programs were polled in 1998 and 1999 for wastage recording practices. Actual wastage data were collected from a non-random subset of five states. Data on returns of wasted vaccine to manufacturers were analyzed from routine national biologics surveillance and from an ad-hoc survey. Excise tax credit requests for such returns between 1994 and 1999 were reviewed. Results: Rates of wastage among the five states ranged from about 1 to 5% in 1998, with an overall rate of 2.6% among 57 immunization programs in 1999. Categories of wastage used by the health departments varied widely, with overlapping classifications. The major causes appeared to be refrigeration (cold chain) lapses, followed by expiration. Overall rates of vaccine returns varied up to 8% by manufacturer, and from 1 to 50% by vaccine type, with higher return rates generally found for lesser-used vaccines. Conclusions: If these wastage estimates of 1-5% applied nationally, in 1998 there would have been approximately US$ 6-31 million worth of unused vaccine in the public sector alone. The two most common forms of wastage reveal the potential value of developing vaccines with improved heat stability and longer shelf lives. We propose six main classifications of vaccine wastage for use in routine monitoring and reporting, Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Vaccine Safety & Dev Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div E61,CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Immunizat Serv Div E52,CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Stat Anal Branch, Data Management Div E62,CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Program Support Branch, Immunizat Serv Div E52,CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Weniger, BG (reprint author), 12 Corp Blvd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. OI Weniger, Bruce/0000-0002-5450-5464 NR 25 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 7-8 BP 1148 EP 1156 AR PII S0264-410X(01)00433-9 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00433-9 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 521TV UT WOS:000173858200022 PM 11803076 ER PT J AU Conley, LJ Ellerbrock, TV Bush, TJ Chiasson, MA Sawo, D Wright, TC AF Conley, LJ Ellerbrock, TV Bush, TJ Chiasson, MA Sawo, D Wright, TC TI HIV-1 infection and risk of vulvovaginal and perianal condylomata acuminata and intraepithelial neoplasia: a prospective cohort study SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; WOMEN; PREVALENCE; DISEASE; TRENDS; DISORDERS; CARCINOMA; CANCERS AB Background Information about vulvovaginal and perianal condylomata acuminata and intraepithelial neoplasia in women infected with HIV-1 is needed to develop guidelines for clinical care. Our aim was to investigate the incidence of these lesions in HIV-1-positive and HIV-1-negative women and to examine risk factors for disease. Methods In a prospective cohort study, 925 women had a gynaecological examination twice yearly-including colposcopy and tests for human papillomavirus DNA in cervicovaginal lavage-for a median follow-up of 3.2 years (IQR 0.98-4.87). Findings Vulvovaginal and perianal condylomata acuminata or intraepithelial neoplasia were present in 30 (6%) of 481 HIV-1-positive and four (1%) of 437 HIV-1-negative women (p < 0.0001) at enrolment. Women without lesions at enrolment were included in an incidence analysis. 33 (9%) of 385 HIV-1-positive and two (1%) of 341 HIV-1-negative women developed vulvovaginal or perianal lesions, resulting in an incidence of 2.6 and 0.16 cases per 100 person-years, respectively (relative risk 16, 95% Cl 12.9-20.5; p < 0.0001). Risk factors for incident lesions included HIV-1 infection (p = 0.013), human papillomavirus infection (p = 0.0013), lower CD4 T lymphocyte count (p = 0.0395), and history of frequent injection of drugs (P = 0.0199). Interpretation Our results suggest that HIV-1-positive women are at increased risk of development of invasive vulvar carcinoma. Thus, we recommend that, as part of every gynaecological examination, HIV-1-positive women should have a thorough inspection of the vulva and perianal region, and women with abnormalities-except for typical, exophytic condylomata acuminata-should undergo colposcopy and biopsy. C1 Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10032 USA. CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Bur Dis Intervent Res, New York, NY 10013 USA. RP Wright, TC (reprint author), Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pathol, Room 16-402,630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU206822] NR 28 TC 89 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 12 PY 2002 VL 359 IS 9301 BP 108 EP 113 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07368-3 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 510MT UT WOS:000173212400009 PM 11809252 ER PT J AU Humar, D Datta, V Bast, DJ Beall, B De Azavedo, JCS Nizet, V AF Humar, D Datta, V Bast, DJ Beall, B De Azavedo, JCS Nizet, V TI Streptolysin S and necrotising infections produced by group G streptococcus SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; TOXIC-SHOCK-SYNDROME; M-PROTEIN; GROUP-C; NECROTIZING FASCIITIS; CYSTEINE PROTEASE; VIRULENCE FACTOR; MURINE MODEL; EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION AB Background We encountered three patients with severe necrotising soft tissue infections due to beta-haemolytic group G streptococcus. Due to strong clinical similarities with invasive infections produced by group A streptococcus, we investigated a potential link of shared beta-haemolytic phenotype to disease pathogenesis. Methods Hybridisation, DNA sequencing, targeted mutagenesis, and complementation studies were used to establish the genetic basis for group G streptococcus beta-haemolytic activity. The requirement of group G streptococcus beta-haemolysin in producing necrotising infection was examined in mice. Findings Each patient had an underlying medical condition. beta-haemolytic group G streptococcus was the sole microbial isolate from debrided necrotic tissue. The group G streptococcus chromosome contained a homologue of the nine-gene group A streptococcus sag operon encoding the beta-haemolysin streptolysin S (SLS). Targeted mutagenesis of the putative SLS structural gene sagA in group G streptococcus eliminated beta-haemolytic activity. Mice injected subcutaneously with wild-type group A streptococcus or group G streptococcus developed an inflammatory lesion with high bacterial counts, marked neutrophil infiltration, and histopathological evidence of diffuse tissue necrosis. These changes were not found in mice injected with the isogenic group A streptococcus or group G streptococcus SLS-negative mutants. Interpretation In patients with underlying medical conditions, beta-haemolytic group G streptococcus can produce necrotising soft tissue infections resembling those produced by group A streptococcus. The beta-haemolytic phenotype of group G streptococcus is produced by the exotoxin SLS, encoded by a functional homologue of the nine-gene group A streptococcus sag operon. SLS expression contributes to the pathogenesis of streptococcal necrotising soft tissue infection. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Mt Sinai Hosp, Toronto Med Labs, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nizet, V (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Infect Dis, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mail Code 0672, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI01451] NR 40 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 5 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 12 PY 2002 VL 359 IS 9301 BP 124 EP 129 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07371-3 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 510MT UT WOS:000173212400012 PM 11809255 ER PT J AU Weiss, J Nannini, A Bartlett, L AF Weiss, J Nannini, A Bartlett, L TI Uterine rupture among women with a prior cesarean delivery SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02108 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Weiss, J (reprint author), Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02108 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 10 PY 2002 VL 346 IS 2 BP 134 EP 135 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 509EM UT WOS:000173133400014 PM 11806378 ER PT J AU Culpepper, R Chapman, S Kennedy, A Currier, M AF Culpepper, R Chapman, S Kennedy, A Currier, M CA CDC TI Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin or soft tissue infections in a state prison - Mississippi, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 919-922, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS 39215 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Culpepper, R (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 9 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 2 BP 181 EP 182 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 508XK UT WOS:000173114900007 ER PT J AU Doumbia, T Massakumbo, B Barry, A Deppner, M AF Doumbia, T Massakumbo, B Barry, A Deppner, M CA CDC TI Surveillance of mortality during a refugee crisis - Guinea, January-May 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 1029, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 UN, High Commissioner Refugees, Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Br, Div Emergency Environm Hlth Svcs, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Doumbia, T (reprint author), UN, High Commissioner Refugees, Geneva, Switzerland. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 9 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 2 BP 182 EP 184 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 508XK UT WOS:000173114900008 ER PT J AU Noonan, CW Kathman, SJ White, MC AF Noonan, CW Kathman, SJ White, MC TI Prevalence estimates for MS in the United States and evidence of an increasing trend for women SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; OLMSTED COUNTY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MINNESOTA AB The purpose of this study was to provide current age-, sex-, and region-specific MS prevalence estimates and to identify trends using the National Health Interview Survey. The overall prevalence estimate was 85/100,000 population, or approximately 211,000 ( 20,000) persons. A 50% increase was observed in the number of women reporting MS for 1991 through 1994 vs 1982 through 1986. The observed trend in higher numbers of self-reported MS among women is consistent with recent observations of higher prevalence and incidence. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Hlth Invest Branch, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Noonan, CW (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Hlth Invest Branch, Div Hlth Studies, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012; Noonan, Curtis/B-2198-2015 OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962; NR 10 TC 130 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD JAN 8 PY 2002 VL 58 IS 1 BP 136 EP 138 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 509CR UT WOS:000173127800028 PM 11781421 ER PT J AU Rimland, D Navin, TR Lennox, JL Jernigan, JA Kaplan, J Erdman, D Morrison, CJ Wahlquist, SP AF Rimland, D Navin, TR Lennox, JL Jernigan, JA Kaplan, J Erdman, D Morrison, CJ Wahlquist, SP CA Pulmonary Opportunistic Infection TI Prospective study of etiologic agents of community-acquired pneumonia in patients with HIV infection SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; pneumonia; Pneumocystis carinii; bacteria ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; NONSPECIFIC INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONITIS; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE PNEUMONIA; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; MYCOPLASMA-PNEUMONIAE AB Objectives: To study prospectively HIV-positive patients admitted to the hospital because of pneumonia by extensive laboratory tests to determine specific microbiologic diagnoses and to establish the best clinical diagnosis after review of all available data by expert clinicians. Methods: Patients admitted to one of two hospitals had extensive questionnaires completed and defined diagnostic tests performed on blood, sputum, urine and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens, when available. Results: A total of 230 patients had a diagnosis of pneumonia verified. A definite or probable etiologic diagnosis was made in 155 (67%) of these patients. Pneumocystis carinii caused 35% of all cases of pneumonia. Twenty-seven percent of cases of pneumonia with a single etiology had a definite or probable bacterial etiology. 'Atypical agents' were distinctly uncommon. Few clinical or laboratory parameters could differentiate specific etiologies. Conclusions: P. carinii continues to be a common cause of pneumonia in these patients. The rarity of 'atypical agents' could simplify the empiric approach to therapy. Despite the use of extensive testing we did not find a definite etiology in a large number of cases. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Med Serv 111 RIM, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Res Ctr AIDS & HIV Infect, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CDCP, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rimland, D (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Med Serv 111 RIM, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. RI Lennox, Jeffrey/D-1654-2014 OI Lennox, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2064-5565 NR 82 TC 40 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JAN 4 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1097/00002030-200201040-00011 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 510UN UT WOS:000173225800011 PM 11741166 ER PT J AU Machado, DM Delwart, EL Diaz, RS de Oliveira, CF Alves, K Rawal, BD Sullivan, M Gwinn, M Clark, KA Busch, MP AF Machado, DM Delwart, EL Diaz, RS de Oliveira, CF Alves, K Rawal, BD Sullivan, M Gwinn, M Clark, KA Busch, MP TI Use of the sensitive/less-sensitive (detuned) EIA strategy for targeting genetic analysis of HIV-1 to recently infected blood donors SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE acute infection; epidemiology; HIV diagnostic tests; HIV sequence variability; seroprevalence; surveillance; detuned EIA ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; HETERODUPLEX MOBILITY ASSAY; SUBTYPE-A; ZIDOVUDINE RESISTANCE; TESTING STRATEGY; TRANSMISSION; EVOLUTION; VARIANTS; PREVALENCE; SEQUENCES AB Objective: To corroborate the validity of the recently developed sensitive/less sensitive (S/LS) dual enzyme immunoassay (EIA) strategy for the detection of recently infected individuals and to genetically analyze recently transmitted strains of HIV-1 in a US blood donor population. Design: The S/LS EIA strategy was used to identify 33 recently infected subjects among 281 enrolled HIV-1 seropositive blood donors (from a total of 410 HIV-1 infected subjects identified from 5 230 463 blood donations screened by participating US blood centers in 1995-1996) Methods: We analysed three host response and viral characteristics were associated with recent HIV-1 infection: rapidly increasing EIA optical density (OD) values, genetically homogeneous env gene quasispecies, and putative non-syncytium inducing env V3 loop sequences. The drug resistance genotypes of the recently transmitted strains were determined by DNA sequencing. Results: Increasing EIA OD values, clonal HIV-1 quasispecies and V3 loop sequences with inferred NSI phenotypes were generally detected in LS EIA non-reactive samples, Thirty-two subtype B and one CRF02_AG recombinant HIV-1 were detected. Genetic evidence for drug resistance to zidovudine (K70R) and non-nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (VI 081) was detected in one strain each, and three other strains showed the presence of accessory protease inhibitor resistance mutations. Conclusions: Immunologic and virologic results further substantiate the validity of the S/LS EIA strategy for the detection of recent infections and illustrate its use for targeting molecular and epidemiological investigations to incident cases identified from large cross-sectional screening programs, rather than the more costly and logistically difficult longitudinal studies. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Blood Ctr Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. Natl Blood Data Resource Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Busch, MP (reprint author), Blood Ctr Pacific, 270 Masonic Ave, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. RI Diaz, Ricardo/K-3978-2012; OI Delwart, Eric/0000-0002-6296-4484 FU FIC NIH HHS [D43-TW0003]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI-43895, UO1-AI-41532]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU-902948] NR 43 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JAN 4 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 113 EP 119 DI 10.1097/00002030-200201040-00014 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 510UN UT WOS:000173225800014 PM 11741169 ER PT J AU Lustig, N Spargo, K Carver, W Cartter, M Garcia, J Barden, DM Mayo, DR Kelley, KA Hadler, J DiFerdinando, G Bresnitz, E Hathcock, L AF Lustig, N Spargo, K Carver, W Cartter, M Garcia, J Barden, DM Mayo, DR Kelley, KA Hadler, J DiFerdinando, G Bresnitz, E Hathcock, L TI Update: Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax - Connecticut, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 1077-1079, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Pomperaug Hlth Dist, Oxford, CT 06478 USA. Naugatuck Valley Hlth Dist, Shelton, CT USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Delaware Div Publ Hlth, New Castle, DE USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lustig, N (reprint author), Pomperaug Hlth Dist, Oxford, CT 06478 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 2 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 1 BP 34 EP 35 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 506NK UT WOS:000172978500007 ER PT J AU Berns, S Underwood, N Murray, S LeBailly, A Scott, A Gershman, K Swanson, L Young, P Waters, C Smith, P AF Berns, S Underwood, N Murray, S LeBailly, A Scott, A Gershman, K Swanson, L Young, P Waters, C Smith, P TI Influenza activity - United States, 2001-2002 season (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 1084-1086, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Poudre Sch Dist, Ft Collins, CO USA. Larimer Cty Dept Hlth & Environm, Ft Collins, CO USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80246 USA. New York Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. CDC, WHO Collaborating Labs, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Resp Enter Virus Surveillance Syst Labs, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Surveillance Syst Branch, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Mortal Stat Branch, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, WHO Collaborating Ctr Surveillance, Epidemiol & Control Influenza Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Berns, S (reprint author), Poudre Sch Dist, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 2 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 1 BP 35 EP 37 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 506NK UT WOS:000172978500008 ER PT J AU Klausner, JD Aragon, T Enanoria, WTA Mann, JK Zapitz, VM Portnoy, D Shallow, SA Israel-Ballard, K Kim, MS O'Connell, J Vugia, DJ AF Klausner, JD Aragon, T Enanoria, WTA Mann, JK Zapitz, VM Portnoy, D Shallow, SA Israel-Ballard, K Kim, MS O'Connell, J Vugia, DJ TI Shigella sonnei outbreak among men who have sex with men - San Francisco, California, 2000-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 922-926, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. CDC, State Branch, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Foodborne & Diarrheal Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Klausner, JD (reprint author), San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 2 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 1 BP 37 EP 38 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 506NK UT WOS:000172978500009 ER PT J AU Schildkraut, JM Calingaert, B Marchbanks, PA Moorman, PG Rodriguez, GC AF Schildkraut, JM Calingaert, B Marchbanks, PA Moorman, PG Rodriguez, GC TI Impact of progestin and estrogen potency in oral contraceptives on ovarian cancer risk SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID STATES CASE-CONTROL; UNITED-STATES; COLLABORATIVE ANALYSIS; RETINOIC ACID; APOPTOSIS; CHEMOPREVENTION; N-(4-HYDROXYPHENYL)RETINAMIDE; CARCINOGENESIS; PARITY; TUMORS AB Background: Oral contraceptive (OC) use is associated with a reduced risk of developing ovarian cancer, but the mechanism for the risk reduction has not been well defined. In this study, we investigate the relationship between the progestin and estrogen potency in combination OCs and the risk of developing ovarian cancer. Methods: The study included 390 case subjects with epithelial ovarian cancer and 2865 control subjects, between 20 and 54 years of age, identified from the Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between ovarian cancer risk and combination OC formulations while controlling for potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: With users of high-progestin/high-estrogen potency OC as the referent group, users of low-progestin/high-estrogen potency formulations (adjusted OR = 2.1; 95% Cl = 1.2 to 3.7) and low-progestin/low-estrogen potency formulations (adjusted OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 0.9 to 3.0) had a higher risk of ovarian cancer than users of high-progestin/high-estrogen potency formulation. Low-progestin potency OC formulations were associated with a statistically significant higher risk than high-progestin potency formulations (adjusted OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.3 to 3.9). This association was seen even among users of short duration. Conclusion: The combination OC formulations with high-progestin potency appear to be associated with a greater reduction in ovarian cancer risk than those with low-progestin potency. Mechanisms underlying this reduction may include inhibition of ovulation and/or some direct biologic effects of the progestin. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Program Canc Prevent Detect & Control Res, Dept Community & Family Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Duke Comprehens Canc Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schildkraut, JM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Program Canc Prevent Detect & Control Res, Dept Community & Family Med, Box 2949, Durham, NC 27710 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA76016]; NICHD NIH HHS [3-01 HD-8-1037] NR 41 TC 106 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD JAN 2 PY 2002 VL 94 IS 1 BP 32 EP 38 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 507YJ UT WOS:000173058600012 PM 11773280 ER PT B AU Sun, DZ AF Sun, DZ GP AMS AMS TI The control of the warm-pool SST over the magnitude of El Nino warming SO 13TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID OCEAN; MODEL; THERMOSTAT; CLIMATE; SYSTEM C1 NOAA, CIRES, CDC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sun, DZ (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES, CDC, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 9 EP 12 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV58M UT WOS:000179447900004 ER PT B AU Diaz, HF Webb, RS Eischeid, JK Forman, S AF Diaz, HF Webb, RS Eischeid, JK Forman, S GP AMS AMS TI The 1930s drought in the US Great Plains: New perspectives and a look at land surface responses SO 13TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID UNITED-STATES C1 NOAA, OAR, CDC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Diaz, HF (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, CDC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 28 EP 29 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV58M UT WOS:000179447900011 ER PT J AU Gorbach, PM Ryan, C Saphonn, V Detels, R AF Gorbach, PM Ryan, C Saphonn, V Detels, R TI The impact of social, economic and political forces on emerging HIV epidemics SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; epidemiology; Russia; China; Vietnam ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; COMMERCIAL PLASMA DONORS; FEMALE SEX WORKERS; RISK BEHAVIOR; INFECTION; CHINA; MEN; INTERVENTION; PREVALENCE; HIV/AIDS C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gorbach, PM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PY 2002 VL 16 SU 4 BP S35 EP S43 DI 10.1097/00002030-200216004-00006 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 656DT UT WOS:000181594100006 PM 12698998 ER PT J AU Dean, HD Lansky, A Fleming, PL AF Dean, HD Lansky, A Fleming, PL TI HIV surveillance methods for the incarcerated population SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID AIDS SURVEILLANCE; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE AB In the United States, monitoring the HIV/AIDS epidemic among the incarcerated population is done by (a) conducting a census of persons in prisons and jails reported to be infected with HIV or diagnosed with AIDS, (b) seroprevalence surveys in selected correctional facilities, and (c) population-based HIV/AIDS case surveillance by state health departments. We describe methods for HIV/AIDS case surveillance in correctional settings and present data from the HIV/AIDS Reporting System (HARS) and the Supplement to HIV and AIDS Surveillance (SHAS) to describe the demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics of HIV-infected persons who were incarcerated at the time of diagnosis. HARS data showed a higher proportion of females and a lower proportion of injection drug users for incarcerated persons diagnosed with HIV (not AIDS) compared to those initially diagnosed with AIDS. The SHAS data showed a high prevalence of injection drug use, crack use, alcohol abuse, and exchanging sex for money or drugs. Together, HARS and SHAS collect fairly comprehensive information of risk behaviors from persons with HIV infection and AIDS. Advances in FIN prevention and care for the incarcerated community will require an accurate and timely description of the magnitude of the HIV epidemic in correctional settings. These data are needed to guide programmatic efforts to reduce HIV transmission in prisons and jails and in the general community upon release and ensure needed risk reduction and health care services for incarcerated persons. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dean, HD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PY 2002 VL 14 IS 5 SU S BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1521/aeap.14.7.65.23859 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 609KP UT WOS:000178903000007 PM 12413194 ER PT J AU Rapposelli, KK Kennedy, MG Miles, JR Tinsley, MJ Rauch, KJ Austin, L Dooley, S Aranda-Naranjo, B Moore, RA AF Rapposelli, KK Kennedy, MG Miles, JR Tinsley, MJ Rauch, KJ Austin, L Dooley, S Aranda-Naranjo, B Moore, RA TI HIV/AIDS in correctional settings: A salient priority for the CDC and HRSA SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article AB Correctional facilities constitute an excellent opportunity to provide treatment, care, and prevention services for a population that may not otherwise access these services. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) recognize the public health importance of correctional settings and have begun to develop formal strategies to address the HIV/AIDS-relevant needs of incarcerated individuals. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and HRSA have implemented policies, activities, and strategic plans to reduce the HIV/AIDS disease burden among the high-risk populations that pass through the nation's prisons and jails. They have also collaborated to address the HIV/AIDS needs of incarcerated populations and have initiated processes for expanding collaboration on these issues to include other federal agencies and prevention partners. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent REs & Support, Atlanta, GA USA. Management Assistance Consultants Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. HIV AIDS Bur, Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Rockville, MD USA. RP Rapposelli, KK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PY 2002 VL 14 IS 5 SU S BP 103 EP 113 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 609KP UT WOS:000178903000011 PM 12413198 ER PT J AU Utaipat, U Duerr, A Rudolph, DL Yang, CF Butera, ST Lupo, D Pisell, T Tangmunkongvorakul, A Kamtorn, N Nantachit, N Nagachinta, T Suriyanon, V Robison, V Nelson, KE Sittisombut, N Lal, RB AF Utaipat, U Duerr, A Rudolph, DL Yang, CF Butera, ST Lupo, D Pisell, T Tangmunkongvorakul, A Kamtorn, N Nantachit, N Nagachinta, T Suriyanon, V Robison, V Nelson, KE Sittisombut, N Lal, RB TI Coreceptor utilization of HIV type 1 subtype E viral isolates from Thai men with HIV type 1-infected and uninfected wives SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; CHEMOKINE RECEPTORS; SMALL-MOLECULE; DISEASE PROGRESSION; NORTHERN THAILAND; TROPIC HIV-1; ENTRY; CXCR4; INFECTION; CELLS AB HIV-1 coreceptors CCR5 and CXCR4 play an important role in viral entry and pathogenesis. To better understand the role of viral tropism in HIV-1 transmission, we examined the coreceptor utilization of viral isolates obtained from men enrolled in a study of heterosexual transmission in northern Thailand. Viral isolates were obtained from HIV-1-positive males who had either HIV-1-infected spouses (RM; n = 5) or HIV-1-uninfected spouses (HM; n = 10). Viral isolates from 1 of the 5 RM males and 2 of the 10 HM males were CCR5 tropic, whereas isolates from 3 RM males and 6 of the HM male isolates were CXCR4 tropic. Of the nine X4-tropic isolates, seven also used at least one of the following coreceptors: CCR8, CCR1, CCR2b, or CX3CR1, and none employed CCR5 as an additional coreceptor. More importantly, three isolates, RM-15, HM-13, and HM-16 (one from a transmitter and two from nontransmitter), did not infect GHOST4.cl.34 cells expressing any of the known coreceptors. Further analysis using MAGI-plaque assays, which allow visualization of infected cells, revealed that RM-15 had low numbers of infected cells in MAGI-R5 and MAGI-X4 cultures, whereas HM-13 and HM-16 had high levels of plaques in MAGI-X4 cultures. Replication kinetics using activated lymphocytes revealed that these three isolates replicated in CCR5(+/+) as well as CCR5(-/-) peripheral blood mononuclear cells, suggesting that these isolates did not have an absolute requirement of CCR5 for viral entry. All three isolates were sensitive to the X4-antagonistic compounds T-22 and AMD3100. Analysis of the C2V3 region did not reveal any significant structural differences between any of the Thai subtype E isolates. Thus, there was no association between the pattern of coreceptor usage and transmissibility among these subtype E HIV-1 isolates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, DASTLR, Atlanta, GA USA. Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Med, Dept Med & Microbiol, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Med, Res Inst Hlth Sci, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Sect, Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Retroviruses Dis Branch, DASTLR, Atlanta, GA USA. Chiang Mai Univ Hosp, Blood Bank Serv, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Lal, RB (reprint author), CDC, Immunopathogenesis Lab, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop D-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1089/088922202753394664 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 513FN UT WOS:000173367400001 PM 11804551 ER PT J AU Lollar, DJ AF Lollar, DJ TI Framing and using measures of chronic conditions in childhood: A public health perspective SO AMBULATORY PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Lollar, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway,F34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMBULATORY PEDIATRIC ASSOC PI MCLEAN PA 6728 OLD MCLEAN VILLAGE DR, MCLEAN, VA 22101-3906 USA SN 1530-1567 J9 AMBUL PEDIATR JI Ambul. Pediatr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 2 IS 1 BP 24 EP 25 DI 10.1367/1539-4409(2002)002<0024:FAUMOC>2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 549VL UT WOS:000175467400008 PM 11888434 ER PT J AU Bethell, CD Read, D Stein, REK Blumberg, SJ Wells, N Newacheck, PW AF Bethell, CD Read, D Stein, REK Blumberg, SJ Wells, N Newacheck, PW TI Identifying children with special health care needs: Development and evaluation of a short screening instrument SO AMBULATORY PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE children; chronic conditions; identification; quality; screening; special health care needs ID CHRONIC ILLNESS; NONCATEGORICAL APPROACH; DEFINITION; CHILDHOOD; QUESTIONNAIRE; PREVALENCE; IMPACT AB Background.-Public agencies, health care plans. providers, and consumer organizations share the need to monitor the health care needs and quality of care for children with special health care needs (CSHCN). Doing so requires a definition of CSHCN and a precise methodology for operationalizing that definition. Research Objectives.-The purpose of this study was to develop an efficient and flexible consequence-based screening instrument that identifies CSHCN across populations with rates commensurate with other studies of CSHCN. Methods.-The CSHCN Screener was developed using the federal Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) definition of CSHCN and building on the conceptual and empirical properties of the Questionnaire for Identifying Children with Chronic Conditions (QuICCC) and other consequence-based models for identifying CSHCN, The CSHCN Screener was administered to 3 samples: a national sample of households with children (n = 17 985). children enrolled in Medicaid managed care health plans (n = 3894), and children receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits in Washington State ( n = 1550). The efficiency. impact of further item reduction, and flexibility of administration mode were evaluated. Rates and expected variation in rates across demographic groups of children positively identified by one or more of the 5 CSHCN Screener item sequences in each sample were examined and multinomial logistic regression analysis were conducted to evaluate the effect of child characteristics in predicting positive identification. Results.-The CSHCN Screener took approximately I minute per child to administer by telephone and 2.1 minutes per household. During self-administration, over 98% of respondents completed each of the 5 CSHCN Screener item sequences, and respondents accurately followed each of the item skip patterns 94% of the time. Mailed surveys and telephone-administered surveys led to similar rates of positive identification in the same sample. Two Screener items would have identified 80%-90% of children positively identified as CSHCN across the study samples. although using only 2 items eliminates some children with more complex health needs. Rates of children identified by the CSHCN Screener varied according to age, sex, race/ethnicity, health status. and utilization of health services. Conclusions.-Results of this Study indicate that the CSHCN Screener requires minimal time to administer, is acceptable for use as both an interview-based and self-administered survey, and that rates of children positively identified by the CSHCN Screener Gary according to child demographic, health, and health care-need characteristics. The CSHCN Screener provides a comprehensive yet parsimonious and flexible method for identifying CSHCN, making it more feasible than existing measures for standardized use across public agencies, health care plans, and other users. C1 FACCT, Portland, OR 97209 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD USA. Family Voices, Boston, MA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Bethell, CD (reprint author), FACCT, 1200 NW Naito Pkwy,Suite 470, Portland, OR 97209 USA. NR 34 TC 368 Z9 371 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMBULATORY PEDIATRIC ASSOC PI MCLEAN PA 6728 OLD MCLEAN VILLAGE DR, MCLEAN, VA 22101-3906 USA SN 1530-1567 J9 AMBUL PEDIATR JI Ambul. Pediatr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 2 IS 1 BP 38 EP 48 DI 10.1367/1539-4409(2002)002<0038:ICWSHC>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 549VL UT WOS:000175467400011 PM 11888437 ER PT J AU Bethell, CD Read, D Neff, J Blumberg, SJ Stein, REK Sharp, V Newacheck, PW AF Bethell, CD Read, D Neff, J Blumberg, SJ Stein, REK Sharp, V Newacheck, PW TI Comparison of the children with special health care needs screener to the questionnaire for identifying children with chronic conditions - Revised SO AMBULATORY PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE children; chronic conditions; identification; quality; screening; special health care needs ID DEFINITION AB Background.-The Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN) Screener is an instrument to identify CSHCN, one that is based on parent-reported consequences experienced by children with ongoing health conditions. Information about how this instrument compares to other methods for identifying CSHCN is important for current and future uses of the CSHCN Screener. Research Objectives.-The goal of this study was to assess the level of agreement between the CSHCN Screener and the Questionnaire for Identifying Children With Chronic Conditions-Revised (QuICCC-R) and to describe the characteristics of children in whom these methods do not agree. Methods.-The CSHCN Screener and the QuICCC-R were administered to 2 samples: a random sample of parents of children under age 18 years through the first pretest of the National CSHCN Survey (n = 2420) and a random sample of children under age 14 years enrolled in a managed care health plan (n = 497). Information on specific conditions and needs for health services were collected for children identified by one or both instruments in the national sample. Data from the administrative data-based Clinical Risk Groups (CRGs) were collected for all children in the health plan sample. The proportions of children identified with the CSHCN Screener and the QuICCC-R were compared, the level of agreement between these 2 methods was assessed, and the health service needs of children identified by the QuICCC-R but not the CSHCN Screener were evaluated. Results.-In both study samples, the CSHCN Screener agreed with the QuICCC-R approximately 9 out of 10 times on whether or not a child was identified as having a special health care need. Compared to the CSHCN Screener, the QuICCC-R identified an additional 7.6% and 8.5% of children as having special health care needs in the national and health plan samples, respectively. Compared to children identified by the QuICCC-R only, the odds were 12 times greater that children identified by both the CSHCN Screener and the QuICCC-R needed health care services, 6 times greater that parents named a specific chronic health condition, and 9 times greater that children were identified with a chronic condition using the CRG algorithm. Study design and purposeful differences in question design or content account for most cases in which children are not identified by the CSHCN Screener but are identified using the QuICCC-R. Conclusions.-The brief CSHCN Screener exhibits a high level of agreement with the longer QuICCC-R instrument. Whereas nearly all children identified by the CSHCN Screener are also identified by the QuICCC-R, the QuICCC-R classifies a higher proportion of children as having special health care needs. C1 FACCT, Portland, OR 97204 USA. Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Ctr Children Special Needs, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, New York, NY USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Hlth Policy Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Bethell, CD (reprint author), FACCT, 520 SW 6th Ave,Suite 700, Portland, OR 97204 USA. NR 19 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMBULATORY PEDIATRIC ASSOC PI MCLEAN PA 6728 OLD MCLEAN VILLAGE DR, MCLEAN, VA 22101-3906 USA SN 1530-1567 J9 AMBUL PEDIATR JI Ambul. Pediatr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 2 IS 1 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1367/1539-4409(2002)002<0049:COTCWS>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 549VL UT WOS:000175467400012 PM 11888438 ER PT J AU Ford, ES AF Ford, ES TI Leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and diabetes incidence in a national sample of US adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blood sedimentation; cohort studies; diabetes mellitus; incidence; inflammation; leukocytes ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; BLOOD-CELL COUNT; METABOLIC SYNDROME; FREE-RADICALS; ASSOCIATION; INFLAMMATION; FIBRINOGEN AB Emerging data suggest that inflammation may play a role in the etiology of diabetes mellitus. Because few prospective studies have addressed this issue, the author examined the relation between leukocyte count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate and diabetes incidence using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (from 1971-1975 to 1992-1993). Of 8,352 participants included in the analysis, 878 developed incident diabetes during the approximately 20-year follow-up. After adjustment for age, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol concentration, use of anti hypertensive medication, recreational exercise, nonrecreational activity, alcohol use, and body mass index, the hazard ratios from proportional hazards for participants with a leukocyte count of greater than or equal to9.1 x 10(9)/liter compared with participants with a leukocyte count of less than or equal to5.7 x 10(9)/liter were 1.33 (95% confidence interval (Cl): 0.81, 2.19) for men and 1.68 (95% Cl: 1.21, 2.34) for women. The adjusted hazard ratios for participants with an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of greater than or equal to26 mm/hour compared with participants with an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of :! 5 mm/hour were 1.85 (95% Cl: 0.97, 3.54) for men and 0.83 (95% Cl: 0.47,1.44) for women. These results provide limited support to the hypothesis that inflammation is an etiologic factor for diabetes. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr Phys Act, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K24, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 51 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 1 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.1093/aje/155.1.57 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 509GC UT WOS:000173137100009 PM 11772785 ER PT J AU Littleton, MA Cornell, CE Dignan, M Brownstein, N Raczynski, JM Stalker, V McDuffie, K Greene, PG Sanderson, B Streumpler, B AF Littleton, MA Cornell, CE Dignan, M Brownstein, N Raczynski, JM Stalker, V McDuffie, K Greene, PG Sanderson, B Streumpler, B TI Lessons learned from the Uniontown Community Health Project SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL NETWORKS; PROGRAM; SUPPORT AB Objective: To compile lessons learned from the Uniontown Community Health Project. Methods: Lessons-learned information was gathered from project staff and community volunteers. Results: Analysis led to the identification of 6 lessons: (a) Establish personal working relationships in communities; (b) find a local community coordinator to lead efforts; (c) be patient in implementing a community health advisor (CHA) model; (d) be flexible and emphasize simplicity when implementing community activities; (e) recognize that meeting research goals requires compromise; and (f) plan transfer of project activities to the community from the beginning. Conclusion: These lessons may benefit others implementing CHA programs. C1 Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Behav Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Lucille P Markey Canc Ctr, Prevent Res Program, Lexington, KY 40504 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Div Cardiovasc Dis, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Prevent Med,Behav Med Unit, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Community Cove UAB Ctr Hlth Promot, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Behav, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Dignan, M (reprint author), Lucille P Markey Canc Ctr, Prevent Res Program, 2365 Harrodsburg Rd,Suite B100, Lexington, KY 40504 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU409679] NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PNG PUBLICATIONS PI STAR CITY PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA SN 1087-3244 J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV JI Am. J. Health Behav. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 26 IS 1 BP 34 EP 42 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 500YU UT WOS:000172656900004 PM 11795604 ER PT J AU Blalock, SJ DeVellis, BM Patterson, CC Campbell, MK Orenstein, DR Dooley, MA AF Blalock, SJ DeVellis, BM Patterson, CC Campbell, MK Orenstein, DR Dooley, MA TI Effects of an osteoporosis prevention program incorporating tailored educational materials SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE osteoporosis; nutrition; exercise; stage models ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; DIETARY CALCIUM; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PATIENT EDUCATION; HEALTH-EDUCATION; UNITED-STATES; BEHAVIOR; EXERCISE; INTERVENTION AB Purpose. To evaluate the effects of two interventions on calcium intake and exercise and assess whether intervention effects varied as a function of participants' stage of change. Design. The study used a 2 by 2 factorial research design. Baseline, 3-, 6-, and 72-month follow-up data were collected. Setting. Twelve counties in western North Carolina. Subjects. Of 714 women recruited, 547 (76.6%) completed all data collection procedures, Intervention. One intervention, conducted at the individual level, compared thee effects of tailored vs. nontailored educational materials. The tailored educational intervention was delivered via two packets of written materials and one telephone counseling session. The written materials: and counseling session were tailored according to participants' current calcium intake and exercise level, perceived adequacy of these behaviors, stage of change, behavioral goals, and perceived barriers to change, A community-based intervention was also evaluated, This intervention, implemented in 6 of the 12 counties, included establishing an Osteoporosis Resource Center, conducting a workshop on osteoporosis, prevention, and offering free bone density screening. Measures. Outcome measures were calcium intake and exercise level. Stage of change was assessed as a moderating variable. Results. Irrespective of intervention group, among women not consuming adequate calcium at baseline, intake increased an average of about 500 mg/d over the course of the study. Changes involving exercise were more modest. Repeated measures regression analyses were used to evaluate intervention effects. The effect of the tailored educational intervention varied, in appropriate, ways, among women in different stages of change at baseline (F-2,F-527 = 6.37, p <.002). Among women in the Engaged stage, the tailored intervention was associated with a greater increase in calcium intake. In contrast among women who were obtaining adequate calcium at baseline (i.e., Action stage), the tailored intervention appeared to forestall inappropriate increases in calcium intake, The community-based intervention had no consistent effects oil calcium intake, either alone, or in combination with the tailored intervention. Finally, neither intervention had an effect on exercise, either alone or in combination. Conclusions. Limited support for the superiority of tailored vs. nontailored educational interventions was found, The differential effects observed could be due to the telephone counseling received by women in the Tailored Education Group, however. C1 Univ Pacific, Sch Pharm & Hlth Sci, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Blalock, SJ (reprint author), Univ Pacific, Sch Pharm & Hlth Sci, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU409660] NR 43 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 8 U2 14 PU AMER J HEALTH PROMOTION INC PI KEEGO HARBOR PA 1660 CASS LAKE RD, STE 104, KEEGO HARBOR, MI 48320 USA SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 146 EP 156 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 513FR UT WOS:000173367700004 PM 11802260 ER PT J AU Connor, TH Anderson, RW Sessink, PJ Spivey, SM AF Connor, TH Anderson, RW Sessink, PJ Spivey, SM TI Effectiveness of a closed-system device in containing surface contamination with cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide in an i.v. admixture area SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY LA English DT Article ID MONITORING OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; CYTOSTATIC DRUGS; PHARMACY PERSONNEL; HOSPITAL PHARMACY; DNA-DAMAGE; NURSES; EXCRETION; WORKERS AB The Notes section welcomes the following types of-contributions: (1) practical innovations or solutions to everydat practice problems, (2) substantial updates or elaborations on work previously published by the same authors, (3) important confirmations of research findings previously published by others, and (4) short research reports, including practice surveys of modest scope or interest. Notes should be submitted with AJHP's manuscript checklist. The text should be concise, and the number of references, tables, and figures should be limited. C1 NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Div Pharma, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Connor, TH (reprint author), NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, MS C23,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Connor, Thomas/B-7937-2011 NR 38 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS PI BETHESDA PA 7272 WISCONSIN AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1079-2082 J9 AM J HEALTH-SYST PH JI Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 59 IS 1 BP 68 EP 72 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 523CG UT WOS:000173933800014 PM 11813470 ER PT J AU Grajewski, B Waters, MA Whelan, EA Bloom, TF AF Grajewski, B Waters, MA Whelan, EA Bloom, TF TI Radiation dose estimation for epidemiologic studies of flight attendants SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cosmic radiation; flight attendant; epidemiologic research design; occupational exposure ID LONG-HAUL FLIGHTS; COSMIC-RADIATION; EXPOSURE; ALTITUDES; HEALTH AB Background NIOSH is conducting health studies of female flight attendants. Exposures of interest include cosmic radiation and circadian rhythm disruption, however, the data needed to estimate cumulative radiation dose are not found in work histories. Methods We developed an algorithm to generate from work histories the required input data for Federal Aviation Administration radiation estimation software and evaluated whether effects of cumulative radiation dose could be distinguished analytically from effects of circadian rhythm disruption. Results The algorithm has relatively low bias (< 6%)for longer flights, which contribute most to cumulative radiation dose. In one NIOSH study, 44 crew incurred an estimated average annual occupational dose of 1.5-1.7 mSv. Selection of a study population flying predominantly, North-South flights can provide the necessary distinction between radiation and time zone crossing exposures. Conclusions Methods developed will be useful for exposure assessment in cabin crew studies with relatively short study periods, (e.g., reproductive health studies) for which limited flight history details are generally available. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Grajewski, B (reprint author), NIOSH, 4678 Columbia Pkwy,R13, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011 NR 16 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1002/ajim.10018 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 504XX UT WOS:000172882400004 PM 11757053 ER PT J AU Rao, JK Kroenke, K Mihaliak, KA Eckert, GJ Weinberger, M AF Rao, JK Kroenke, K Mihaliak, KA Eckert, GJ Weinberger, M TI Can guidelines impact the ordering of magnetic resonance imaging studies by primary care providers for low back pain? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE LA English DT Article ID LUMBAR SPINE; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; PHYSICIANS USE; CRITERIA AB Objective: To compare primary care providers' (PCPs') use of lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI studies and surgical referrals for patients with low back pain (LBP) before and after dissemination of the 1994 Agency for Healthcare Policy and Research (AHCPR) LBP guidelines. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Patients and Methods: Computerized audits identified patients with LBP evaluated by PCPs in 1994 or 1996 at a university-affiliated Veterans Affairs medical center who had an MRI order and/or a surgical referral. Research assistants recorded patients' demographic characteristics, LBP-related symptoms, and whether the PCP ordered an MRI and/or a surgery consult. For patients referred to surgery without an MRI, subsequent MRI orders by surgeons were recorded. We compared patient characteristics and utilization patterns for 1994 and 1996 and identified independent predictors of MRI orders. Results: PCPs saw 279 and 261 patients with LBP in 1994 and 1996, respectively. An almost identical number of MRIs were ordered in 1994 (99 by PCPs and 42 by surgeons) and 1996 (105 by PCPs and 32 by surgeons). Nearly 50% of patients meeting AHCPR guidelines underwent an MRI in 1994 or 1996. PCPs more frequently ordered a surgery consult in 1994 than in 1996. Providers were less likely to order an MRI for patients with a previous MRI and more likely to order an MRI for those seen in an urgent visit clinic. Neither year nor meeting AHCPR guidelines predicted MRI ordering. Conclusions: Orders for MRI did not decrease after education on the guidelines. Limiting MRI orders to only "appropriate" patients would not have changed the observed results. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Richard L Roudebush Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Div Biostat, Dept Med, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Rao, JK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MED PUBLISHING, M W C COMPANY PI JAMESBURG PA 241 FORSGATE DR, STE 102, JAMESBURG, NJ 08831 USA SN 1088-0224 J9 AM J MANAG CARE JI Am. J. Manag. Care PD JAN PY 2002 VL 8 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 514MB UT WOS:000173442700001 PM 11814170 ER PT J AU Gerberding, J AF Gerberding, J TI Inhalation anthrax revisited: A view from the Centers for Disease Control SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gerberding, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 112 IS 1 BP 2 EP 2 DI 10.1016/S0002-9343(01)01074-9 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 559BG UT WOS:000176004100002 ER PT J AU Jamieson, DJ Duerr, A Burk, R Klein, RS Paramsothy, P Schuman, P Cu-Uvin, S Shah, K AF Jamieson, DJ Duerr, A Burk, R Klein, RS Paramsothy, P Schuman, P Cu-Uvin, S Shah, K CA HIV Epidemiology Res Study Grp TI Characterization of genital human papillomavirus infection in women who have or who are at risk of having HIV infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; human papillomavirus ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CERVICAL-CANCER; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; COHORT; PCR AB OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and the likelihood of human papillomavirus expression and Papanicolaou test abnormalities among women who have and who are at risk of having human immunodeficiency virus infection. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of 767 women who had human immunodeficiency virus infection and 390 women who were at risk of having human immunodeficiency virus infection in 4 cities in the United States. RESULTS: Women who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus were more likely than women who were not infected to have human papillomavirus infection (prevalence ratio, 2.3; 95% Cl, 2.0-2.8) but had similar human papillomavirus types. Among women who tested positive for human papillomavirus by polymerase chain reaction, human immunodeficiency virus infection was associated with a high level of human papillomavirus expression (prevalence ratio, 1.3-1.6) and multiple human papillomavirus infections (prevalence ratio, 1.9). However, among women with a high level of human papillomavirus expression or infection with multiple types, there was no association between human immunodeficiency virus serostatus and risk of cervical dysplasia. CONCLUSION: Through its association with a high level of expression and multiple human papillomavirus infections, human immunodeficiency virus infection may increase the risk of cervical dysplasia in women who are infected with human papillomavirus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. Klemm Anal Grp Inc, Bronx, NY USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. RP Jamieson, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU CSP VA [U64CU306802, U64CU506831, U64CU106795, U64CU200798] NR 18 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 186 IS 1 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1067/mob.2002.119776 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 515PU UT WOS:000173505200004 PM 11810079 ER PT J AU Geiss, LS Rolka, DB Engelgau, MM AF Geiss, LS Rolka, DB Engelgau, MM TI Elevated blood pressure among US adults with diabetes, 1988-1994 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE blood pressure; diabetes mellitus; epidemiology; hypertension ID SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION; DIETARY PATTERNS; CLINICAL-TRIAL; MANAGEMENT; POPULATION; PHYSICIANS AB Background: Recent guidelines and clinical trial results emphasize the importance of controlling blood pressure among people with diabetes. We estimated the prevalence of elevated blood pressure among U.S. adults With diagnosed diabetes, and examined the extent to which elevated blood pressure is being treated and controlled. Methods: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), a probability survey of the civilian, non-institutionalized population of the United States, consisted of an interview and physical examination, which included blood pressure measurement. survey participants included 1507 adults (aged greater than or equal to18 years) with self-reported diabetes. Among people with self-reported diabetes, we estimated elevated blood pressure (mean blood pressure of greater than or equal to130/85 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive medication) awareness (prior diagnosis of hypertension); treatment (antihypertensive medication use); and control (mean blood pressure of <130/185 or <140/90). Results. In the 1988-1994 period, 71% (95% confidence interval [CI] = +/-4.4%) of all U.S. adults with diabetes had elevated blood pressure. The prevalence of elevated blood pressure increased with age and was high among both men and women and among Mexican Americans, non-Hispanic blacks, and non-Hispanic whites. Among those with elevated blood pressure, 71% (95% CI = +/-4.1%) were aware and 57% (95%, CI = +/-1.2%) were treated, but only 12%, (95% CI = +/-3.2%) had mean blood pressure <130/85 and 45% (95%, CI = +/-4.9%) had mean blood pressure < 140/90. Control of blod pressure was least common among older people. Conclusions: All people with diabetes-regardless of age, gender, and race and ethnicity-may benefit from efforts to prevent hypertension. The control of elevated blood pressure is inadequate and broad-based efforts are needed to improve blood pressure control. C1 CDCP, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Geiss, LS (reprint author), CDCP, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE Mailstop K10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 29 TC 73 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 22 IS 1 BP 42 EP 48 AR PII S0749-3797(01)00399-3 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00399-3 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 528BA UT WOS:000174222500007 PM 11777678 ER PT J AU Kim, D Buchanan, S Noonan, G McGeehin, M AF Kim, D Buchanan, S Noonan, G McGeehin, M TI Treatment of children with elevated blood lead levels SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 22 IS 1 BP 71 EP 71 AR PII S0749-3797(01)00392-0 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00392-0 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 528BA UT WOS:000174222500014 PM 11777685 ER PT J AU Santoli, JM Hinman, AR AF Santoli, JM Hinman, AR TI Nonmedical exemptions to state immunization laws SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. All Kids Count, Decatur, GA USA. RP Santoli, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 2002 VL 92 IS 1 BP 8 EP 8 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.1.8 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 504VB UT WOS:000172875600003 PM 11772745 ER PT J AU Van Devanter, N Gonzales, V Merzel, C Parikh, NS Celantano, D Greenberg, J AF Van Devanter, N Gonzales, V Merzel, C Parikh, NS Celantano, D Greenberg, J TI Effect of an STD/HIV behavioral intervention on women's use of the female condom SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ACCEPTABILITY; PREVENTION AB Objectives. This study assessed the effectiveness of a sexually transmitted disease (STD)/HIV behavior change intervention in increasing women's use of the female condom. Methods. A total of 604 women at high risk for STDs and HIV in New York City, Baltimore, Md, and Seattle, Wash, enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of a small-group, skills-training intervention that included information and skills training in the use of the female condom. Results. In a logistic regression, the strongest predictors of use were exposure to the intervention (odds ratio [OR] = 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.8, 10.7), intention to use the female condom in the future (OR= 4.5; 95% CI = 2.4, 8.5), having asked a partner to use a condom in the past 30 days (OR= 2.3; 95% CI = 1.3, 3.9), and confidence in asking a partner to use a condom (OR= 1.9; 95% CI = 1.1, 3.5). Conclusions. Clinicians counseling women in the use of the female condom need to provide information, demonstrate its correct use with their clients, and provide an opportunity for their clients to practice skills themselves. C1 Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Div Sociomed Sci, New York, NY 10032 USA. Univ Washington, Ctr Hlth Educ & Res, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Program Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Van Devanter, N (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Div Sociomed Sci, 600 W 168th St,7th Floor, New York, NY 10032 USA. NR 25 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 2002 VL 92 IS 1 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.1.109 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 504VB UT WOS:000172875600030 PM 11772772 ER PT J AU Zhou, Z Xiao, L Branch, OH Kariuki, S Nahlen, BL Lal, AA AF Zhou, Z Xiao, L Branch, OH Kariuki, S Nahlen, BL Lal, AA TI Antibody responses to repetitive epitopes of the circumsporozoite protein, liver stage antigen-1, and merozoite surface protein-2 in infants residing in a Plasmodium falciparum-hyperendemic area of western Kenya. XIII. Asembo Bay cohort project SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; PERENNIAL TRANSMISSION; PROTECTIVE ANTIBODIES; ACQUIRED ANTIBODIES; VACCINE DEVELOPMENT; MALARIA; SPOROZOITES; IMMUNITY; VIVAX; DETERMINANTS AB The present study was initiated to characterize antibody responses to repetitive epitopes of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP), liver stage antigen-1 (LSA-1), and merozoite surface protein-2 (MSP-2) of Plasmodium falciparum in infants residing in a P. falciparum-hyperendemic area of western Kenya. In this study, development and maintenance of these antibody responses in 28 infants were studied longitudinally by use of monthly serum samples collected from birth to age I year. Mother plasma and infant umbilical cord plasma were also tested to assess the transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies. Results showed that antibodies passively transferred from mothers were detectable for CSP LSA-1, and MSP-2 repeat epitopes. Infants were able to mount and maintain a strong antibody response against LSA-1 in their first year of life. Infants often responded to CSP repeats, but with a much lower antibody titer. Antibody responses in infants against Fc27 and 3137 repeats of MSP-2 were low throughout their first year. In addition, 51 infants whose first detected infection occurred at > 4 months of age were selected to determine antibody responses to the antigens tested upon their first and second detected infections. Antibody responses to LSA-1 and, to a lesser degree, CSP increased in positivity rates and titer upon second infection. Antibody responses to Fc27-type and 3D7-type repeats of MSP-2 were low upon both infections. There was no association between maternally transferred anti-LSA-1, anti-CSP, or anti-MSP-2 antibodies and an infant's first detected infection. No significant correlation was found between an infant's antibody responses to the 4 antigen repetitive epitopes and protection against malarial parasitemia during the first year of life. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Vector Biol & Control Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Lal, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, MS F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 570RY UT WOS:000176672500003 PM 12135271 ER PT J AU Conn, JE Wilkerson, RC Segura, MNO De Souza, RTL Schlichting, CD Wirtz, RA Povoa, MM AF Conn, JE Wilkerson, RC Segura, MNO De Souza, RTL Schlichting, CD Wirtz, RA Povoa, MM TI Emergence of a new neotropical malaria vector facilitated by human migration and changes in land use SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ANOPHELES-DARLINGI; ELISA DEVELOPMENT; PLASMODIUM-VIVAX; EL-NINO; BRAZIL; SPOROZOITES; CULICIDAE; ARGENTINA; DISEASES AB In a region of northeastern Amazonia, we find a species previously of minor importance, Anopheles marajoara, to be the principal malaria vector. In a total of five collections during 1996-97 in three replicated sites near the city of Macapa, Amapa state, this species occurs in much greater abundance compared with the presumed vector Anopheles darlingi. Also, a significantly higher proportion of An. marajoara is infected with malaria parasites, determined by the ELISA technique. This appears to be the result of increased abundance of An. marajoara due to alterations in land use, invasion of its primary breeding sites by human immigrants, and its anthropophilic behavior. This discovery highlights one of the challenges of Neotropical malaria control, namely that the targeting of specific vectors may be complicated by a changing mosaic of different locally important vectors and their interactions with human populations. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Inst Evandro Chagas, Serv Parasitol, BR-66090000 Belem, Para, Brazil. Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Conn, JE (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, 321 Marsh Life Sci Bldg, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RI Schlichting, Carl/A-1389-2010; OI Conn, Jan/0000-0002-5301-7020 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI054139, AI 40116] NR 32 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 18 EP 22 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 570RY UT WOS:000176672500005 PM 12135261 ER PT J AU O'Leary, DR Rigau-Perez, R Hayes, EB Vorndam, AV Clark, GG Gubler, DJ AF O'Leary, DR Rigau-Perez, R Hayes, EB Vorndam, AV Clark, GG Gubler, DJ TI Assessment of dengue risk in relief workers in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Georges, 1998 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID FEVER; TRAVELERS; VIRUSES AB Health risk assessment is important in the safe deployment of workers to tropical areas. We monitored dengue incidence in 204 of 222 North American relief workers visiting Puerto Rico after Hurricane Georges and during a dengue epidemic in 1998. We recorded information regarding participants' living conditions and any illness they experienced from arrival to 2 weeks after their departure. Virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction, and serological tests for anti-dengue immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG antibodies were used to diagnose dengue infection by means of departure and follow-up serum specimens. Among respondents, 82% (164 of 199) reported mosquito bites, 97% (156 of 161) reported having insect repellent available, and 41% (79 of 195) reported using repellent every day. Twelve participants reported a mild denguelike illness. No participants had laboratory evidence of dengue infection after 1.8 person-years of assessable exposure to areas with dengue transmission (upper 95% confidence limit of 1.67 cases per person-year). The risk of acquiring dengue among relief workers in this study appears low, possibly as a result of protective factors. Travelers to dengue-endemic areas should continue to be advised to protect themselves against mosquito bites. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. RP O'Leary, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 35 EP 39 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 570RY UT WOS:000176672500008 PM 12135265 ER PT J AU Paul, WS Maupin, G Scott-Wright, AO Craven, RB Dennis, DT AF Paul, WS Maupin, G Scott-Wright, AO Craven, RB Dennis, DT TI Outbreak of tick-borne relapsing fever at the North Rim of the Grand Canyon: Evidence for effectiveness of preventive measures SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB An outbreak of tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) originating at the North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park was investigated in 1990. To determine risk factors for the disease, almost 7,000 parties of visitors were surveyed; over half responded, representing > 10,000 people. Fifteen cases of confirmed or probable TBRF were identified in visitors and 2 in employees. All patients except one experienced symptoms after overnight stays in a group of cabins that had not been rodent-proofed after a TBRF outbreak in 1973 (relative risk for visitors [RR] 8.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-62). Seven cases of TBRF were associated with a single cabin (RR 98, 95% CI 30-219). Structural flaws and rodent nests were common in the implicated cabins and rare in unaffected cabins. This investigation suggests that measures to rodent-proof cabins at sites where TBRF is endemic prevent reinfestation of cabins by infected rodents and tick vectors, thereby preventing the spread of disease in humans. C1 CDCP, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis,US DHHS, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,CDC,Publ Hlth Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. RP Paul, WS (reprint author), CDCP, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis,US DHHS, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,CDC,Publ Hlth Serv, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 71 EP 75 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 570RY UT WOS:000176672500014 PM 12135272 ER PT B AU Steindel, SJ Loonsk, JW Sim, A Doyle, TJ Chapman, RS Groseclose, SL AF Steindel, SJ Loonsk, JW Sim, A Doyle, TJ Chapman, RS Groseclose, SL BE Kohane, IS TI Introduction of a hierarchy to LOINC to facilitate public health reporting SO AMIA 2002 SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS: BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS: ONE DISCIPLINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Symposium of the American-Medical-Informatics-Association CY NOV 09, 2002 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Med Informat Assoc ID OBSERVATION IDENTIFIER NAMES; LABORATORIES; CODES AB Public health reporting of laboratory results requires unambiguous identification of the test performed and the result observed. Some laboratories are currently using Logical Observation Identifier Names and Codes (LOINC) for the electronic reporting of laboratory tests and their results to public health departments. Initial use revealed inconsistent identification and use of LOINC concepts by laboratories and public health agencies and an inability to systematically extend, for public health use, the tables when adding new concepts. We applied simple, logical rules to existing LOINC concepts to facilitate the creation of a hierarchy of concepts and to allow the identification and specification of appropriate terms for public health reporting and subsequent data aggregation. The hierarchy also allows the systematic addition of new concepts further supporting public health reporting. Application of the hierarchy is illustrated by using all laboratory LOINC concepts assigned to the subset of microbiology test types (CLASS MICRO). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat Resource Management Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Steindel, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat Resource Management Off, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC MED PUBLISHERS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA BN 1-56053-600-4 PY 2002 BP 737 EP 741 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BY60A UT WOS:000189418100149 ER PT B AU Chenoweth, P Pallansch, M AF Chenoweth, P Pallansch, M BE Kohane, IS TI Communicating the molecular epidemiology of poliovirus by using geographical information systems for the global polio eradication initiative SO AMIA 2002 SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS: BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS: ONE DISCIPLINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Symposium of the American-Medical-Informatics-Association CY NOV 09, 2002 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Med Informat Assoc AB Crucial to the success of eradicating Polio Enterovirus (poliovirus) is the integration of virus surveillance data with epidemiologic surveillance data. Data from these worldwide surveillance systems provide insight into the genetic evolution of poliovirus both temporally and spatially. The primary informatics challenges involve the timely dissemination of data and the presentation of these highly specific genomic data in a comprehensible format. We describe the application of geographical information systems (GIS) software for facilitating the transformation of poliovirus sequence data into information necessary for strategic planning. C1 CDC, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chenoweth, P (reprint author), CDC, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC MED PUBLISHERS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA BN 1-56053-600-4 PY 2002 BP 996 EP 996 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BY60A UT WOS:000189418100230 ER PT J AU Smith, CJ Huang, WL Walcott, CJ Turner, W Grainger, J Patterson, DG AF Smith, CJ Huang, WL Walcott, CJ Turner, W Grainger, J Patterson, DG TI Quantification of monohydroxy-PAH metabolites in urine by solid-phase extraction with isotope dilution-GC-MS SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE polyaromatic hydrocarbons; isotope dilution; high resolution mass spectrometry; human urine; solid-phase extraction ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; 1-HYDROXYPYRENE GLUCURONIDE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLUORESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; BIOMARKERS; PROFILE; WORKERS AB For measurement of biomarkers from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure, an analytical method is described quantifying hydroxylated PAH (OH-PAH) in urine samples. This method determined monohydroxy metabolites of naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyreno, chrysene, benzo[c]phenanthrene, and benz[a]anthracene. The sample preparation consisted of enzymatic hydrolysis, solid-phase extraction and derivatization with a silylating reagent. Five carbon-13 labeled standards were used for isotope dilution. Analytes were separated by gas chromatography (GC) and quantified with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). This method produced good recoveries (41-70%), linearity, and specificity. Data were corrected for blank levels from the naphthalene, fluorene, and phenanthrene metabolites. Method detection limits ranged from 2 ng L-1 for 1-hydroxypyrone to 43.5 ng L-1 for 1-hydroxynaphthalene. Using quality control charts from two urine pools, the method can be readily applied to biomonitoring PAH exposure. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Smith, CJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 27 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 372 IS 1 BP 216 EP 220 DI 10.1007/s00216-001-1123-8 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 560VV UT WOS:000176102800043 PM 11939197 ER PT J AU Kobayashi, H Smith, C Hosoya, K Ikegami, T Tanaka, N AF Kobayashi, H Smith, C Hosoya, K Ikegami, T Tanaka, N TI Capillary electrochromatography on monolithic silica columns SO ANALYTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ELECTROOSMOTIC FLOW; STATIONARY PHASES; PACKING MATERIALS; PRESSURE-DRIVEN; CONTINUOUS BEDS; SEPARATION; GELS; HPLC AB Monolithic silica columns prepared from tetramethoxysilane in a fused-silica capillary was octadecylsilylated, and evaluated by capillary electrochromatography. A plate height of 3 - 4 mum was obtained in an 80% acetonitrile-20% aqueous buffer (pH 8) under optimized conditions. An ODS phase having a high surface coverage, prepared by using octadecyldimethylchlorosilane, resulted in slow separation and a low column efficiency due to a slow electroosmotic flow. The results show that faster separation is achieved (i) with an ODS phase with a low surface coverage, (ii) with an ODS phase prepared by using octadecyltrichlorosilane, or (iii) by pressure-assisted CEC utilizing the high permeability of monolithic silica columns. C1 Kyoto Inst Technol, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068585, Japan. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Tanaka, N (reprint author), Kyoto Inst Technol, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068585, Japan. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU JAPAN SOC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY PI TOKYO PA 26-2 NISHIGOTANDA 1 CHOME SHINAGAWA-KU, TOKYO, 141, JAPAN SN 0910-6340 J9 ANAL SCI JI Anal. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 89 EP 92 DI 10.2116/analsci.18.89 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 512YK UT WOS:000173351000018 ER PT J AU Chun, DTW Chew, V Bartlett, K Gordon, T Jacobs, RR Larsson, BM Lewis, DM Liesivuori, J Michel, O Rylander, R Thorne, PS White, EM Gunn, VC Wurtz, H AF Chun, DTW Chew, V Bartlett, K Gordon, T Jacobs, RR Larsson, BM Lewis, DM Liesivuori, J Michel, O Rylander, R Thorne, PS White, EM Gunn, VC Wurtz, H TI Second inter-laboratory study comparing endotoxin assay results from cotton dust SO ANNALS OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE endotoxin assay; limulus amoebocyte lysate test (LAL); lipopolysaccharides (LPS); interlaboratory endotoxin assay study; inter-laboratory endotoxin assay study; round robin endotoxin assay study; cotton dust AB Previously, a large two-part inter-laboratory round robin endotoxin assay study was completed. This first study showed that when cotton dust samples, which are practically identical, are assayed for endotoxin that the intra-laboratory results had a very small variation while infra-laboratory results of the sample had a very high variation. In the first part of the study, each laboratory followed its own in-house assay protocol; but in the second part of the study, when the extraction protocol was standardized, the inter-laboratory results showed a lower variation, which suggested that with further standardization, further reduction of differences between laboratories might be achieved in order that results between laboratories would become more comparable. The results stimulated interest in extending the study to include cotton dust with two levels of endotoxin, standardization of the extraction protocol, and using the same assay hit from the same production lot. The results of this second round robin endotoxin assay study indicate that differences between laboratories are still high. but most of the laboratories could discern the cotton dusts with the different levels of endotoxin. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. USDA ARS, Biometr Serv, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ British Columbia, Sch Occupat & Environm Hyg, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Grad Program Publ Hlth, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. Dept Occupat Med, Program Resp Hlth & Climate, Solna, Sweden. NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Kuopio Reg Inst Occupat Hlth, FIN-70701 Kuopio, Finland. Hop Univ St Pierre, Clin Allergies & Resp Dis, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Environm Med, S-41320 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Milacron Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Natl Inst Occupat Hlth, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Chun, DTW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, POB 792, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. RI Liesivuori, Jyrki/O-2519-2013; OI michel, olivier/0000-0002-1528-1277 NR 17 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST AGRICULTURAL MEDICINE PI LUBLIN PA JACZEWSKIEGO 2, PO BOX 185, 20-950 LUBLIN, POLAND SN 1232-1966 J9 ANN AGR ENV MED JI Ann. Agr. Env. Med. PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 49 EP 53 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 567FB UT WOS:000176473800007 PM 12088397 ER PT J AU Hexdall, AH Chiang, WK AF Hexdall, AH Chiang, WK TI Malaria deaths following inappropriate malaria chemoprophylaxis - United States, 2001 SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; RETURNED TRAVELER; FEVER; CHLOROQUINE C1 NYU, Sch Med, Bellevue Hosp Ctr, Dept Clin Surg, New York, NY 10012 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Bellevue Hosp Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, New York, NY USA. Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hexdall, AH (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Bellevue Hosp Ctr, Dept Clin Surg, New York, NY 10012 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 39 IS 1 BP 86 EP 88 DI 10.1067/mem.2002.120679 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 510XW UT WOS:000173233400017 PM 11782737 ER PT J AU Hall, HI Caplan, LS Coughlin, SS Levine, RS Zhu, KM AF Hall, HI Caplan, LS Coughlin, SS Levine, RS Zhu, KM TI An empirical study of the use of living versus deceased study subjects: Associations with liver cancer in the selected cancers study SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE liver cancer; cases; controls; misclassification; case-control methods ID DEAD CONTROLS; PROXY RESPONDENTS AB PURPOSE: In case-control studies, the issue of whether living or deceased controls should be used for deceased cases has been controversial. METHODS: Using data from a study of cancer among men that selected both live (n = 1910) and deceased controls (n = 596) for cases of liver cancer (109 deceased, 59 living), we examined the effects of using information from proxy respondents (cases and controls) and from live cases and controls on associations between liver cancer and known risk factors. Cases diagnosed between 1984 and 1988 were selected from eight population-based cancer registries. Live controls were recruited by random digit dialing, deceased controls from death certificate files. Controls were matched to cases on geographic area, year-of-birth, and race. RESULTS: Adjusted odds ratios (OR) calculated for deceased cases and controls, when compared to odds ratios for live cases and controls, were attenuated towards the null value for history of hepatitis (4.7 vs. 14.9), blood transfusions (1.1 vs. 7.8), and cirrhosis (9.3 vs. 51.1). When all cases and living controls were used, odds ratios did not differ substantially from those for living cases and controls except for cirrhosis (OR = 154.2). For smoking, the odds ratios were similar in all analyses. Adjustment for type of interview (self, proxy) did not eliminate differences between results for living and deceased subjects; significant interactions were found between type of interview and hepatitis, cirrhosis, and blood transfusions. CONCLUSIONS: Selection of live controls for deceased cases is recommended to decrease misclassification in measures of exposure. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, DCPC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Meharry Med Coll, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. RP Hall, HI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, DCPC, Mailstop K-53,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(01)00247-2 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 507DT UT WOS:000173012300003 PM 11750235 ER PT J AU Ben Beard, C Cordon-Rosales, C Durvasula, RV AF Ben Beard, C Cordon-Rosales, C Durvasula, RV TI Bacterial symbionts of the triatominae and their potential use in control of Chagas disease transmission SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE paratransgenic insect; Rhodnius prolixus; Rhodococcus rhodnii ID VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES; YELLOW-FEVER MOSQUITO; SITE-SPECIFIC INTEGRATION; RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS; ANTIBODY FRAGMENT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INNATE IMMUNITY; CENTRAL-AMERICA; AEDES-AEGYPTI; ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDES AB Chagas disease is caused by the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by insects in the family Reduviidae, subfamily Triatominae, commonly known as kissing bugs. Because these insects feed throughout their entire developmental cycle on vertebrate blood, the harbor populations of symbiotic bacteria in their intestinal track that produce nutrients that are lacking in the insects' limited diet. It is possible to cultivate these bacteria, genetically modify them, and place them back into their insect host, thus, generating a paratransgenic insect. This procedure has allowed the expression of antitrypanosomal gene products in the insect gut, thereby resulting in insects that are incapable of transmitting Chagas disease. A method has been developed that would allow introduction and spread of genetically modified symbionts into natural populations of kissing bugs, thus leading potentially to a transgenic intervention tool for use as a part of an integrated vector control approach. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Univ Valle Guatemala, Ctr Hlth Studies, Guatemala City, Guatemala. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Med Entomol Res & Training Unit Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Ben Beard, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM cbeard@cdc.gov; ccrz@cdc.gov; ravi.durvasula@yale.edu NR 82 TC 103 Z9 109 U1 3 U2 30 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4170 EI 1545-4487 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 2002 VL 47 BP 123 EP 141 DI 10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145144 PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 514DC UT WOS:000173421900005 PM 11729071 ER PT J AU Mendoza, L Taylor, JW Ajello, L AF Mendoza, L Taylor, JW Ajello, L TI The class Mesomycetozoea: A group of microorganisms at the animal-fungal boundary SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Protista; Protozoa; Neomonada; DRIP; Ichthyosporea ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; PARASITE PSOROSPERMIUM-HAECKELI; FLOUNDER LIMANDA-FERRUGINEA; CARPET SHELL CLAM; NOVA-SCOTIA SHELF; PERKINSUS-ATLANTICUS; ICHTHYOPHONUS-HOFERI; ROSETTE AGENT; UNCULTURED MICROORGANISMS AB When the enigmatic fish pathogen, the rosette agent, was first found to be closely related to the choanoflagellates, no one anticipated finding a new group of organisms. Subsequently, a new group of microorganisms at the boundary between animals and fungi was reported. Several microbes with similar phylogenetic backgrounds were soon added to the group. Interestingly, these microbes had been considered to be fungi or protists. This novel phylogenetic group has been referred to as the DRIP clade (an acronym of the original members: Dermocystidium, rosette agent, Ichthyophonus, and Psorospermium), as the class Ichthyosporea, and more recently as the class Mesomycetozoea. Two orders have been described in the mesomycetozoeans: the Dermocystida and the Ichthyophonida. So far, all members in the order Dermocystida have been pathogens either of fish (Dermocystidium spp. and the rosette agent) or of mammals and birds (Rhinosporidium seeberi), and most produce uniflagellated zoospores. Fish pathogens also are found in the order Ichthyophonida, but so are saprotrophic microbes. The Ichthyophonida species do not produce flagellated cells, but many produce amoeba-like cells. This review provides descriptions of the genera that comprise the class Mesomycetozoea and highlights their morphological features, pathogenic roles, and phylogenetic relationships. C1 Michigan State Univ, Med Technol Program, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mendoza, L (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Med Technol Program, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mendoza9@msu.edu; jtaylor@socrates.berkeley.edu; lia1@cdc.gov NR 102 TC 139 Z9 144 U1 1 U2 20 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4227 EI 1545-3251 J9 ANNU REV MICROBIOL JI Annu. Rev. Microbiol. PY 2002 VL 56 BP 315 EP 344 DI 10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160950 PG 30 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 612BR UT WOS:000179054200014 PM 12142489 ER PT J AU Brownson, RC Hopkins, DP Wakefield, MA AF Brownson, RC Hopkins, DP Wakefield, MA TI Effects of smoking restrictions in the workplace SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review DE attitudes; behavior; public policy; tobacco smoke pollution ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; COMMUNITY PREVENTIVE SERVICES; NATIONAL SURVEY; CIGARETTE CONSUMPTION; EMPLOYEE SMOKING; IMPACT; EXPOSURE; BAN; BEHAVIOR; POLICY AB The health hazards caused by exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are well established. Workplace exposure to ETS is strongly influenced by the types of workplace and smoking policy-total bans on smoking have become common in many countries. Blue-collar and service workers are more likely than other types of workers to be exposed to ETS in the workplace. Smokers who are employed in workplaces with smoking bans are likely to consume fewer cigarettes per day, are more likely to be considering quitting, and quit at an increased rate compared with smokers employed in workplaces with no or weaker policies. Despite substantial progress in protecting workers from ETS, additional efforts are needed in areas that include attention to exposure among blue-collar and service workers; policies in workplaces with a limited number of employees; and studies of enforcement, effects on smoking cessation in multiple settings, and cost-effectiveness. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Anti Canc Council Victoria, Ctr Behav Res Canc, Carlton, Vic, Australia. RP Brownson, RC (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. NR 62 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 10 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-7525 J9 ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH JI Annu. Rev. Public Health PY 2002 VL 23 BP 333 EP 348 DI 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.23.100901.140551 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 553QK UT WOS:000175686800016 PM 11910066 ER PT J AU Adje-Toure, CA Cheingsong, R Garcia-Lerma, JG Eholie, S Borget, MY Maurice, C Sassan-Morokro, M Ekpini, RE Nolan, M Heneine, W Nkengasong, JN AF Adje-Toure, CA Cheingsong, R Garcia-Lerma, JG Eholie, S Borget, MY Maurice, C Sassan-Morokro, M Ekpini, RE Nolan, M Heneine, W Nkengasong, JN TI Antiretroviral resistance among HIV-2-infected patients in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Teaching Hosp, Infect Dis Clin, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2002 VL 7 SU 1 MA 159 BP S173 EP S173 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 583HM UT WOS:000177401300160 ER PT J AU Bennett, DE Zaidi, I Weinstock, H Woods, T McCormick, L Garcia-Lerma, G Heneine, W AF Bennett, DE Zaidi, I Weinstock, H Woods, T McCormick, L Garcia-Lerma, G Heneine, W TI Phenotypic resistance testing may underestimate prevalence of HIV strains with drug-selected mutations in newly-diagnosed, drug-naive individuals SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2002 VL 7 SU 1 MA 163 BP S177 EP S177 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 583HM UT WOS:000177401300164 ER PT J AU Garcia-Lerma, G MacInnes, H Nidtha, S Bennett, D Weinstock, H Heneine, W AF Garcia-Lerma, G MacInnes, H Nidtha, S Bennett, D Weinstock, H Heneine, W TI In vitro selection of the T215Y and K65R mutations by stavudine and demonstration of high-level resistance to stavudine SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Serv Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2002 VL 7 SU 1 MA 31 BP S36 EP S36 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 583HM UT WOS:000177401300032 ER PT J AU Witvrouw, M Pannecouque, C De Clercq, E Switzer, WM Folks, TM Heneine, W AF Witvrouw, M Pannecouque, C De Clercq, E Switzer, WM Folks, TM Heneine, W TI Susceptibility of HIV-2 to approved and experimental antiretroviral drugs: implications for treatment SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rega Inst Med Res, Louvain, Belgium. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2002 VL 7 SU 1 MA 143 BP S155 EP S155 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 583HM UT WOS:000177401300144 ER PT J AU Malecki, J Wiersma, S Bresnitz, E DiFerdinando, G Lurie, P Nalluswami, K Hathcock, L Siegel, L Adams, S Walks, I Davies-Coles, J Richardson, M Brechner, R Stroube, R Burans, J AF Malecki, J Wiersma, S Bresnitz, E DiFerdinando, G Lurie, P Nalluswami, K Hathcock, L Siegel, L Adams, S Walks, I Davies-Coles, J Richardson, M Brechner, R Stroube, R Burans, J CA CDC TI Investigating of bioterrorism-related anthrax, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 1008-1010, 2001) SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Reprint C1 Palm Beach Cty Hlth Dept, W Palm Beach, FL 33401 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Svcs, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. Dist Columbia Dept Hlth, Washington, DC USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA 23218 USA. USN, Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. US Dept Def, Washington, DC 20305 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Malecki, J (reprint author), Palm Beach Cty Hlth Dept, W Palm Beach, FL 33401 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 138 IS 1 BP 137 EP 138 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 512BB UT WOS:000173300300029 ER PT J AU Steindel, SJ Jones, BA AF Steindel, SJ Jones, BA TI Routine outpatient laboratory test turnaround times and practice patterns - A College of American Pathologists Q-Probes Study SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MANAGED CARE; PERFORMANCE; QUALITY; INSTITUTIONS; EMERGENCY; SERVICES; DECLINE; SERUM AB Objectives.-To determine baseline parameters for routine outpatient test turnaround time (TAT), to identify influential factors, and to study the impact of managed care on this testing. Method.-Using forms supplied by the College of American Pathologists Q-Probes program, laboratories conducted a self-directed study of routine outpatient TATS over a 4-week period. Data requested included various times of day associated with the collection, laboratory receipt, and result verification of specimens, as well as details on the drawing location and ordering and delivery methods for up to 3 tests, namely, a complete blood cell count (CBC), biochemical profile, or thyrotropin test. For the CBC, an indication was requested if a manual differential was performed. Additionally, practice-related questions were asked, including several about whether the laboratory was associated with a managed care organization (MCO). The main outcome measures included the components of the TAT process and related factors. Participants.-Six hundred nineteen laboratories from those enrolled in the 1997 College of American Pathologists Q-Probes program. Results.-Data were submitted by 614 participants, most US hospitals, and represented 30 240 CBCs, 25 683 biochemical profiles, and 14801 thyrotropins. Collection to verification TATS increased for specimens received later in the day for all analytes, but the magnitude of the increase was greatest for thyrotropin. Collection to laboratory receipt TAT was similar for all analytes, but the time and distribution increased with time of day. Testing time (receipt to verification) was similar for the CBC and biochemical profile, but was greatly increased for thyrotropin. Most participants tested the CBC and the biochemical profile as they arrived, but many delayed testing for thyrotropin. Most (70%) outpatient specimens were collected within the institution; only about 10% came from local physicians' offices. A median 46.7% of hospital testing involved outpatients., Only 10% of laboratories operated under an MCO; these laboratories reported a median of 45% of specimens coming from their MCO. Being associated with an MCO increased TAT for the CBC and biochemical profile. Conclusions.-Outpatient testing comprises about half of all hospital testing, yet systems are not optimized. Preanalytic TAT increases during the day, which indicates increasing delays in the collection and transport stages. Imposition of a test schedule on thyrotropin results in a delay pattern that is very, different from the CBC and biochemical profile, which are tested on arrival. A laboratory's association with an MCO had a weak impact on TAT. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Div Lab Syst, Lab Performance Assessment Branch, Chamblee, GA USA. St John Hosp & Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Detroit, MI USA. RP Steindel, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat Management Resource Off, MS D-45,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 126 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 513WJ UT WOS:000173403200001 PM 11800641 ER PT J AU Otvos, JD Shalaurova, I Freedman, DS Rosenson, RS AF Otvos, JD Shalaurova, I Freedman, DS Rosenson, RS TI Effects of pravastatin treatment on lipoprotein subclass profiles and particle size in the PLAC-I trial SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE lipoprotein subclasses; small LDL; HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors; CHD risk ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; FAMILIAL COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA; LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; HEART-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; CLINICAL EVENTS; MEN; RISK; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB Lipoprotein subclass analyses may facilitate coronary heart disease (CHD) risk stratification and provide insight into the cardioprotective benefits of statins (3-hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors). This study evaluated the influence of pravastatin on lipoprotein subclass profiles to determine whether subjects with predominantly large LDL (LDL size > 20.5 nm) or small LDL (LDL size less than or equal to 20.5 nm) at baseline differ in responsiveness to drug treatment. Frozen plasma specimens were analyzed from a subset of participants in the Pravastatin Limitation of Atherosclerosis in the Coronaries (PLAC-1) trial at baseline and after treatment for 6 months with pravastatin (n = 154) or placebo (n = 138). Lipids were measured by standard chemical methods and lipoprotein subclasses by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Pravastatin-induced changes in lipid levels were similar in subjects with large or small LDL at baseline. Levels of the most abundant LDL subclass were preferentially lowered by pravastatin. resulting in an increase in average LDL size for those with a predominance of small LDL. High-risk CHID subjects with small LDL particles gain at least as much pharmacological benefit from pravastatin as those with large LDL, as evidenced by reductions in the numbers of total and small LDL particles, and increases in average LDL and HDL particle size. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Div Cardiol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biochem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. LipoMed Inc, Raleigh, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rosenson, RS (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Wesley Pavilion Suite 728,251 E Super St, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. NR 40 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JAN PY 2002 VL 160 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(01)00544-5 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 517AG UT WOS:000173588500005 PM 11755921 ER PT J AU Igietseme, JU Black, CM Caldwell, HD AF Igietseme, JU Black, CM Caldwell, HD TI Chlamydia vaccines - Strategies and status SO BIODRUGS LA English DT Review ID OUTER-MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; GENITAL-TRACT INFECTION; GENE KNOCKOUT MICE; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; MUCOSAL IMMUNE-SYSTEM; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PROTECTIVE MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MOUSE PNEUMONITIS BIOVAR; NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE AB The ultimate goal of current chlamydial vaccine efforts is to utilise either conventional or modern vaccinology approaches to produce a suitable immunisation regimen capable of inducing a sterilising, long-Lived heterotypic protective immunity at mucosal sites of infection to curb the severe morbidity and worldwide prevalence of chlamydial infections. This lofty goal poses tremendous challenges that include the need to clearly define the relevant effectors mediating immunity, the antigens responsible for inducing these effectors, the anti-chlamydial action(s) of effectors, and establishment of the most effective method of vaccine delivery. Tackling these challenges is further compounded by the biological complexity of chlamydia, the existence of multiple serovariants, the capacity to induce both protective and deleterious immune effectors, and the occurrence of asymptomatic and persistent infections. Thus, novel molecular, immunological and genetic approaches are urgently needed to extend the frontiers of current knowledge, and develop new paradigms to guide the production of an effective vaccine regimen. Progress made in the last 15 years has culminated in various paradigm shifts in the approaches to designing chlamydial vaccines. The dawn of the current immunological paradigm for antichlamydial vaccine design has its antecedence in the recognition that chlamydial immunity is mediated primarily by a T helper type 1 (Th1) response, requiring the induction and recruitment of specific T cells into the mucosal microenvironment. Additionally, the ancillary role of humoral immune response in complementing the Th1-driven protective immunity, through ensuring adequate memory and optimal Th1 response during a reinfection, has been recognised. With continued progress in chlamydial genomics and proteomics, select chlamydial proteins, including structural, membrane and secretory proteins, are being targeted as potential subunit vaccine candidates. However, the development of an effective adjuvant, delivery vehicle or system for a potential subunit vaccine is still an elusive objective in these efforts. Promising delivery vehicles include DNA and virus vectors, bacterial ghosts and dendritic cells. Finally, a vaccine still represents the best approach to protect the greatest number of people against the ocular, pulmonary and genital diseases caused by chlamydial infections. Therefore, considering the urgency and the enormity of these challenges, a partially protective vaccine preventing certain severe sequelae would constitute an acceptable short-term goal to control Chlamydia. However, more research efforts and support are needed to achieve the worthy goal of protecting a significant number of the world's population from the devastating consequences of chlamydial invasion of the human mucosal epithelia. C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. CDC, Sci Resources Program, NCID, Atlanta, GA USA. NIAID, Intracellular Parasites Lab, Rocky Mt Labs, NIH, Hamilton, MT USA. RP Igietseme, JU (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, 720 Westview Dr, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 03034]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 41231]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 08248] NR 210 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 1173-8804 J9 BIODRUGS JI Biodrugs PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 19 EP 35 DI 10.2165/00063030-200216010-00003 PG 17 WC Oncology; Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 541NF UT WOS:000174990100003 PM 11908999 ER PT B AU Hughes, JM AF Hughes, JM BE Knobler, SL Mahmoud, AAF Pray, LA TI Update on the implications of anthrax bioterrorism SO BIOLOGICAL THREATS AND TERRORISM, WORKSHOP SUMMARY: ASSESSING THE SCIENCE AND RESPONSE CAPABILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop of the Forum on Emerging Infections CY NOV 27-29, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, US FDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Vet Affairs, UDSA, Amer Soc Microbiol, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Eli Lilly & Co, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Wyeth Ayerst Labs C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hughes, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08253-6 PY 2002 BP 30 EP 31 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BW72M UT WOS:000182974100004 ER PT B AU Dennis, DT AF Dennis, DT BE Knobler, SL Mahmoud, AAF Pray, LA TI Tularemia and plague: Assessing our understanding of the threat SO BIOLOGICAL THREATS AND TERRORISM, WORKSHOP SUMMARY: ASSESSING THE SCIENCE AND RESPONSE CAPABILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop of the Forum on Emerging Infections CY NOV 27-29, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, US FDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Vet Affairs, UDSA, Amer Soc Microbiol, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Eli Lilly & Co, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Wyeth Ayerst Labs C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dennis, DT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08253-6 PY 2002 BP 55 EP 57 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BW72M UT WOS:000182974100011 ER PT B AU Maslanka, SE Sobel, J Swaminathan, B AF Maslanka, SE Sobel, J Swaminathan, B BE Knobler, SL Mahmoud, AAF Pray, LA TI Reducing the risk: Foodborne pathogen and toxin diagnostics SO BIOLOGICAL THREATS AND TERRORISM, WORKSHOP SUMMARY: ASSESSING THE SCIENCE AND RESPONSE CAPABILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop of the Forum on Emerging Infections CY NOV 27-29, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, US FDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Vet Affairs, UDSA, Amer Soc Microbiol, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Eli Lilly & Co, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Wyeth Ayerst Labs ID PUBLIC-HEALTH MANAGEMENT; YERSINIA-PESTIS; BIOLOGICAL WEAPON; PNEUMONIC PLAGUE; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; ANTHRAX; PROTECTION; CONTAMINATION; ILLNESS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Maslanka, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08253-6 PY 2002 BP 77 EP 84 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BW72M UT WOS:000182974100015 ER PT B AU Gerberding, JL AF Gerberding, JL BE Knobler, SL Mahmoud, AAF Pray, LA TI Lessons being learned: The challenges and opportunities SO BIOLOGICAL THREATS AND TERRORISM, WORKSHOP SUMMARY: ASSESSING THE SCIENCE AND RESPONSE CAPABILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop of the Forum on Emerging Infections CY NOV 27-29, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, US FDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Vet Affairs, UDSA, Amer Soc Microbiol, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Eli Lilly & Co, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Wyeth Ayerst Labs C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gerberding, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08253-6 PY 2002 BP 149 EP 152 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BW72M UT WOS:000182974100028 ER PT B AU Perkins, B AF Perkins, B BE Knobler, SL Mahmoud, AAF Pray, LA TI The response infrastructure: Investigating the anthrax attacks SO BIOLOGICAL THREATS AND TERRORISM, WORKSHOP SUMMARY: ASSESSING THE SCIENCE AND RESPONSE CAPABILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop of the Forum on Emerging Infections CY NOV 27-29, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, US FDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Vet Affairs, UDSA, Amer Soc Microbiol, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Eli Lilly & Co, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Wyeth Ayerst Labs C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Perkins, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08253-6 PY 2002 BP 152 EP 153 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BW72M UT WOS:000182974100029 ER PT B AU Yeskey, K AF Yeskey, K BE Knobler, SL Mahmoud, AAF Pray, LA TI The centers for disease control bioterrorism investigation SO BIOLOGICAL THREATS AND TERRORISM, WORKSHOP SUMMARY: ASSESSING THE SCIENCE AND RESPONSE CAPABILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop of the Forum on Emerging Infections CY NOV 27-29, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, US FDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Vet Affairs, UDSA, Amer Soc Microbiol, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Eli Lilly & Co, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Wyeth Ayerst Labs C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yeskey, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08253-6 PY 2002 BP 154 EP 155 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BW72M UT WOS:000182974100030 ER PT J AU Williamson, JM Lin, HM Bush, TJ AF Williamson, JM Lin, HM Bush, TJ TI A simple two-sample rank test for multivariate survival outcomes with left truncation and right censoring SO BIOMETRICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; left truncation; multivariate survival analysis; right censoring; two-sample rank test ID PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; RISK-FACTORS; INFERENCE AB A distribution-free two-sample rank test is proposed for testing for differences between survival distributions in the analysis of biomedical studies in which two groups of subjects are followed over time for a particular outcome, which may recur. This method is motivated by an observational HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) study in which a group of HIV-seropositive women and a comparable group of HIV-seronegative women were examined every 6 months for the presence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), the cervical cancer precursor. Women entered the study serially and were subject to random loss to follow-up. Only women free of CIN at study entry were followed resulting in left-truncated survival times. If a woman is found to be CIN infected at a later examination, she is treated and then followed until CIN recurs. The two groups of women were compared at both occurrences of CIN on the basis of rank statistics. For the first occurrence of CIN, survival times since the beginning of the study (based on calendar time) are compared. For a recurrence of CIN, survival times since the first development of CIN are compared. The proposed test statistic for an overall difference between the two groups follows a chi-square distribution with two degrees of freedom. Simulation results demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed test proposed test statistic, which reduces to the Gehan statistic if each person is followed only to the first failure and there is no serial enrollment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epedemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Penn State Coll Med, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, Hershey, PA USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIE VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PALISADENSTR 40, D-10243 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0323-3847 J9 BIOMETRICAL J JI Biom. J. PY 2002 VL 44 IS 2 BP 213 EP 225 DI 10.1002/1521-4036(200203)44:2<213::AID-BIMJ213>3.0.CO;2-V PG 13 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 538GT UT WOS:000174807600006 ER PT J AU Vernon, SD Shukla, SK Conradt, J Unger, ER Reeves, WC AF Vernon, Suzanne D. Shukla, Sanjay K. Conradt, Jennifer Unger, Elizabeth R. Reeves, William C. TI Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and circulating cell-free DNA from plasma of chronic fatigue syndrome and non-fatigued subjects SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Background: The association of an infectious agent with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) has been difficult and is further complicated by the lack of a known lesion or diseased tissue. Cell-free plasma DNA could serve as a sentinel of infection and disease occurring throughout the body. This type of systemic sample coupled with broad-range amplification of bacterial sequences was used to determine whether a bacterial pathogen was associated with CFS. Plasma DNA from 34 CFS and 55 non-fatigued subjects was assessed to determine plasma DNA concentration and the presence of bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences. Results: DNA was isolated from 81 (91%) of 89 plasma samples. The 55 non-fatigued subjects had higher plasma DNA concentrations than those with CFS (average 151 versus 91 ng) and more CFS subjects (6/34, 18%) had no detectable plasma DNA than non-fatigued subjects (2/55, 4%), but these differences were not significant. Bacterial sequences were detected in 23 (26%) of 89. Only 4 (14%) CFS subjects had 16S rDNA sequences amplified from plasma compared with 17 (32%) of the non-fatigued (P = 0.03). All but 1 of the 23 16S rDNA amplicon-positive subjects had five or more unique sequences present. Conclusions: CFS subjects had slightly lower concentrations or no detectable plasma DNA than non-fatigued subjects. There was a diverse array of 16S rDNA sequences in plasma DNA from both CFS and non-fatigued subjects. There were no unique, previously uncharacterized or predominant 16S rDNA sequences in either CFS or non-fatigued subjects. C1 [Vernon, Suzanne D.; Unger, Elizabeth R.; Reeves, William C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Shukla, Sanjay K.; Conradt, Jennifer] Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Clin Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Vernon, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM svernon@cdc.gov; Shukla.Sanjay@marshfieldclinic.org; Conradt.Jennifer@marshfieldclinic.org; eru0@cdc.gov; wcr1@cdc.gov FU Viral Exanthems and Herpesvirus Branch in the Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention at the Marshfield Medical Research Foundation FX This research was supported in part by extramural research funding from the Viral Exanthems and Herpesvirus Branch in the Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to SKS at the Marshfield Medical Research Foundation. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects, and human experimentation guidelines of the US Department of Health and Human Services were followed in the conduct of this research. The authors thank the Sedgwick County Department of Public Health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CFS Research Group, the CFIDS Association of America, and the National Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia Association for their collaboration and Kurt Reed for helpful discussions. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PY 2002 VL 2 AR 39 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-2-39 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA V21TW UT WOS:000208230900039 PM 12498618 ER EF