FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Hoang, TH Thanh, TD Quan, DTH Thien, VC Hai, HD Beltran, E AF Hoang, TH Thanh, TD Quan, DTH Thien, VC Hai, HD Beltran, E TI Prevalence and severity of enamel fluorosis in 12 and 15 year-old children in HCM city. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the International-Association-for-Dental-Reseach-Southeast-Asian-Division CY SEP 25-27, 2003 CL Ho Chi Minh City, VIETNAM SP Int Assoc Dent Res, SE Asian Div C1 Hosp Odonto Stomatol, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0022-0345 EI 1544-0591 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 82 SI C BP 663 EP 663 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 775UD UT WOS:000189078303957 ER PT J AU Choi, BCK McQueen, DV Rootman, I AF Choi, BCK McQueen, DV Rootman, I TI Bridging the gap between scientists and decision makers SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Hlth Canada, Populat & Publ Hlth Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 1B4, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Victoria, Fac Human & Social Dev, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. RP Choi, BCK (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Populat & Publ Hlth Branch, AL 6701A,120 Colonnade Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 1B4, Canada. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0143-005X J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD DEC PY 2003 VL 57 IS 12 BP 918 EP 918 DI 10.1136/jech.57.12.918 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 749GD UT WOS:000186910300001 ER PT J AU Gershater-Molko, RM Lutzker, JR Wesch, D AF Gershater-Molko, RM Lutzker, JR Wesch, D TI Project SafeCare: Improving health, safety, and parenting skills in families reported for, and at-risk for child maltreatment SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE LA English DT Article DE health; safety; bonding; parenting skills; abuse; neglect; child maltreatment; parent-child interactions ID ECOBEHAVIORAL APPROACH; HOME SAFETY; ABUSE; NEGLECT; PREVENTION; STRATEGIES; ILLNESSES; IDENTIFY; PROGRAM; 12-WAYS AB Project SafeCare was a 4-year, in-home, research and intervention program that provided parent training to families of children at-risk for maltreatment, and families of children who were victims of maltreatment. Parents were trained in treating children's illnesses and maximizing their own healthcare skills ( Health), positive and effective parent - child interaction skills ( Parenting), and maintaining lowhazard homes ( Safety). The effectiveness of these training componentswas evaluated as the change in the parents' scores on roleplay situations for child health problems, hazards present in the home, and the frequency and quality of parent - child interactions during activities of daily living. Statistically significant improvements were seen in child health care, home safety, and parent - child interactions. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Human Dev & Family Life, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Judaism, Dept Behav Psychol, Los Angeles, CA USA. Behav Ecol Consulting, Farmington, NM USA. RP Lutzker, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 41 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0885-7482 J9 J FAM VIOLENCE JI J. Fam. Violence PD DEC PY 2003 VL 18 IS 6 BP 377 EP 386 DI 10.1023/A:1026219920902 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA 735RV UT WOS:000186129100008 ER PT J AU Watanabe, H Nagayama, K Enomoto, N Chinzei, R Yamashiro, T Izumi, N Hiroshi, YI Nakano, T Robertson, BH Nakasone, H Sakugawa, H Watanabe, M AF Watanabe, H Nagayama, K Enomoto, N Chinzei, R Yamashiro, T Izumi, N Hiroshi, YI Nakano, T Robertson, BH Nakasone, H Sakugawa, H Watanabe, M TI Chronic hepatitis delta virus infection with genotype IIb variant is correlated with progressive liver disease SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; B-VIRUS; REPLICATION INHIBITION; LARGE ANTIGEN; ENDEMIC AREA; RNA; JAPAN; SEQUENCE; OKINAWA; CONFORMATION AB We determined the sequence of the hepatitis delta virus (HDV) genome in 40 Japanese patients, most of whom were from the Miyako Islands, Okinawa, Japan. Consensus sequences from 33 HDV full genomes out of a total of 40 patients were determined by directly sequencing four partially overlapping PCR products. Phylogenetic tree analysis classified these 33 complete HDV genomes as HDV genotype I (two patients), genotype IIa (one patient) and genotype IIb (30 patients). Among the 30 genotype IIb patients, there were two clusters of genetic variants. One group consisted of six isolates showing significant homology with genotype IIb, previously reported from Taiwan. The other group consisted of 24 isolates, whose sequences formed a new genetic subgroup (genotype IIb-Miyako; IIb-M). When the genetic structures were compared in detail between IIb and IIb-M, characteristic variations were found in the C-terminal sequence of the large delta antigen-conferring packaging signal as well as the RNA editing site. Determination of subclasses of genotype IIb in a total of 37 patients, including seven HDV patients whose partial HDV sequence was determined, revealed eight patients with IIb and 29 patients with IIb-M. Although there was no significant difference in the clinical background or virological state of hepatitis B virus between these two groups, patients with genotype IIb-M showed greater progression of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis than those with genotype IIb (P=0.0009). These data indicate the existence of a genetic subgroup of HDV genotype IIb, which is associated with different clinical characteristics and which could be related to genetic variations in functionally important parts of the HDV genome. C1 Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138519, Japan. Musashino Red Cross Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Tokyo, Japan. Natl Nagasaki Med Ctr, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Viral Hepatitis, Inst Clin Res, Nagasaki, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Ryukyus, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med 1, Okinawa 90301, Japan. RP Enomoto, N (reprint author), Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Bunkyo Ku, 1-5-45 Yushima, Tokyo 1138519, Japan. EM nenomoto.gast@tmd.ac.jp NR 40 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 84 BP 3275 EP 3289 DI 10.1099/vir.0.19499-0 PN 12 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 806WZ UT WOS:000220465300010 PM 14645909 ER PT J AU Schmechel, D Gorny, RL Simpson, JP Reponen, T Grinshpun, SA Lewis, DM AF Schmechel, D Gorny, RL Simpson, JP Reponen, T Grinshpun, SA Lewis, DM TI Limitations of monoclonal antibodies for monitoring of fungal aerosols using Penicillium brevicompactum as a model fangus SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE antibody cross-reactivity; button personal inhalable aerosol sampler; ELISA; fungal aerosol; monoclonal antibody (mAb); Penicillium brevicompactum; sample processing ID STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM; SPORES; PERFORMANCE; ALLERGENS; SAMPLERS; HUMIDITY; MOLDS; TIME AB Molds are ubiquitous in every environment and many species have been recently associated with an increase in opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients or the exacerbation of asthmatic episodes in allergic patients. The degree of environmental contamination with fungi thus needs to be monitored and in this study we report the development of a monoclonal antibody (mAb)-mediated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of spores of Penicillium brevicompactum in experimental model aerosols. In addition, we have investigated the influence of different parameters of air sampling and sample recovery on ELISA performance. MAbs were produced with standard hybridoma techniques and cross-reactivities were determined against spores of 53 fungal species by indirect ELISA. Standardized experimental fungal aerosols were collected with the Button Personal Inhalable Aerosol Sampler(R) onto polycarbonate or polytetrafluoroethylene filters (PTFE) and the effects of different extraction buffers and filter agitation methods during sample processing on spore recovery and ELISA detection were investigated. Five mAbs were produced and all of them cross-reacted with several of 31 related Aspergillus, Penicillium and Eurotium species. However, cross-reactivities with 21 non-related fungi were rare. Spores were recovered in much higher numbers from polycarbonate filters (PFs) than from polytetrafluoroethylene filters. Optical densities (ODs) in ELISA were higher for spores collected into carbonate coating buffer (CCB) than phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Filter bath sonication following filter vortexing had no positive effects on ELISA sensitivity. The cross-reactivity patterns of mAbs suggest that Aspergillus and Penicillium species share multiple antigens. Quantitative ELISA results for fungal aerosols were found to be influenced by differential sample processing and thus method standardization will be essential to maintain the comparability of immunometric monitoring results. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Inst Occupat Med & Environm Hlth, Dept Biohazards, PL-41200 Sosnowiec, Poland. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Ctr Hlth Related Aerosol Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Schmechel, D (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,M-S H-4218, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 23 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD DEC PY 2003 VL 283 IS 1-2 BP 235 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2003.09.012 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 754UK UT WOS:000187349900022 PM 14659915 ER PT J AU Gupta, A Fontana, J Crowe, C Bolstorff, B Stout, A Van Duyne, S Hoekstra, MP Whichard, JM Barrett, TJ Angulo, FJ AF Gupta, A Fontana, J Crowe, C Bolstorff, B Stout, A Van Duyne, S Hoekstra, MP Whichard, JM Barrett, TJ Angulo, FJ CA Natl Antimicrobial Resistance Moni TI Emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Newport infections resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 24-27, 2002 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Infectious Dis Soc Amer ID MARKET DAIRY-COWS; TYPHIMURIUM; ANIMALS; SLAUGHTER/; CALIFORNIA; PREVALENCE; HAMBURGER; INCREASE; BACTERIA; HEALTH AB We describe a field investigation in New England that identified the emergence and epidemiology of new strains of multidrug-resistant Salmonella, Newport-MDRAmpC, and summarize the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's surveillance data for these infections. In Massachusetts, the prevalence of Newport-MDRAmpC among Salmonella serotype Newport isolates obtained from humans increased from 0% (0/14) in 1998 to 53% (32/60) in 2001 (P<.001). In a retrospective case-control study, infection with Newport-MDRAmpC was domestically acquired and was associated with exposure to a dairy farm. Isolates from both humans and cattle had indistinguishable or closely related antibiograms and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. Nationally, the prevalence of ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella increased from 0.5% in 1998 to 2.4% in 2001; 85% of the isolates in 2001 were Newport-MDRAmpC, and at least 27 states have isolated these strains from humans, cattle, or ground beef. These data document the widespread emergence of Newport-MDRAmpC strains in the United States and show that the 5-fold increase in the prevalence of Salmonella resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, between 1998 and 2001, is primarily due to the emergence of Newport-MDRAmpC strains. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Jamaica Plain, MA USA. RP Gupta, A (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, 1830 E Monument St,Rm 450E, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. NR 44 TC 156 Z9 162 U1 3 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 11 BP 1707 EP 1716 DI 10.1086/379668 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 756QV UT WOS:000187493200013 PM 14639542 ER PT J AU Massung, RF Priestley, RA Miller, NJ Mather, TN Levin, ML AF Massung, RF Priestley, RA Miller, NJ Mather, TN Levin, ML TI Inability of a variant strain of Anaplasma phagocytophilum to infect mice SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; PEROMYSCUS-LEUCOPUS; LYME-DISEASE; FOOTED MICE; AGENT; CONNECTICUT; RICKETTSIALES; BABESIOSIS; MINNESOTA AB Nymphal Ixodes scapularis ticks were collected from several sites in Rhode Island. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing were used to determine the presence and prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum human agent (AP-ha) and a genetic variant not associated with human disease (AP-variant 1). The remaining ticks from each cohort were allowed to feed to repletion on either white-footed (Peromyscus leucopus) or DBA/2 (Mus musculus) mice. The engorged ticks and murine blood samples were evaluated for the presence of AP-ha and AP-variant 1. Although a high percentage of the infecting ticks harbored AP-variant 1, only AP-ha was amplified from the murine blood samples. Additional ticks were fed on immunocompromised SCID mice, and, again, only AP-ha was capable of establishing an infection, and only AP-ha could be detected by xenodiagnosis. These data suggest that AP-variant 1 cannot establish an infection in mice, and we propose that AP-variant 1 has an alternative natural reservoir, possibly white-tailed deer. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Ctr Vector Borne Dis, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Massung, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-30733] NR 22 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 11 BP 1757 EP 1763 DI 10.1086/379725 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 756QV UT WOS:000187493200019 PM 14639548 ER PT J AU Mannino, DM Ford, ES Redd, SC AF Mannino, DM Ford, ES Redd, SC TI Obstructive and restrictive lung disease and functional limitation: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination SO JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE functional limitation; health status; lung function; obstructive lung disease; restrictive lung disease; respiratory symptoms; spirometry ID CONGESTIVE-HEART-FAILURE; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; UNITED-STATES; SMALL AIRWAYS; ADULTS; COUGH; SPIROMETRY; SAMPLE AB Objective. To determine functional limitations in adults with obstructive or restrictive lung disease or respiratory symptoms. Design. Cross-sectional study. Subjects. Adult participants in phase 2 of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1991-94. Methods. We classified subjects using spirometric criteria into the following mutually exclusive categories using the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), the forced vital capacity (FVC), the FEV1/FVC ratio and the presence of respiratory symptoms: severe obstruction, moderate obstruction, mild obstruction, respiratory symptoms only, restrictive lung disease and no lung disease. We developed regression models to predict functional limitations (unable to walk a quarter of a mile, unable to lift 10 pounds, needs help with daily activities) that controlled for age, race, sex, education, smoking status, body mass index and comorbid conditions. Results. Severe and moderate obstruction were associated with an increased risk of being unable to walk a quarter of a mile [odds ratio (OR) 8.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.6, 19.9 and OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4, 4.0]. Restrictive lung disease and the presence of respiratory symptoms in the absence of lung function impairment were also associated with an increased risk of this outcome (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.4, 5.6 and OR 2.8, 95% CI 2.0, 3.9). Similar results were obtained for the outcomes of being unable to lift 10 pounds or needing help with daily activities. Conclusions. The presence of obstructive or restrictive lung disease, or respiratory symptoms in the absence of lung function impairment is associated with increased functional impairment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mannino, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 25 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0954-6820 J9 J INTERN MED JI J. Intern. Med. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 254 IS 6 BP 540 EP 547 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2003.01211.x PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 748QX UT WOS:000186873500003 PM 14641794 ER PT J AU Jones, SE AF Jones, SE TI American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics - Preface SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jones, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 SU S BP 9 EP 10 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2003.tb00738.x PG 2 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 770LH UT WOS:000188731900002 ER PT J AU Thompson, E AF Thompson, E TI Conference welcoming remarks SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thompson, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 SU S BP 11 EP 12 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2003.tb00739.x PG 2 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 770LH UT WOS:000188731900003 ER PT J AU Monson, AZ Hardy, GE Thompson, E AF Monson, AZ Hardy, GE Thompson, E TI Are we prepared for tomorrow's health challenges? SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Partnership Conference on Public Health Law CY JUN 16-18, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA C1 Oklahoma State Senate, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Assoc State & Territorial Hlth Officials, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Monson, AZ (reprint author), Oklahoma State Senate, Oklahoma City, OK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 SU S BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2003.tb00743.x PG 6 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 770LH UT WOS:000188731900007 PM 14968616 ER PT J AU Matthews, GW Murphy, AM Lopez, W Orenstein, WA AF Matthews, GW Murphy, AM Lopez, W Orenstein, WA TI Workshop on smallpox legal preparedness: What have we learned from smallpox legal preparedness? SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Partnership Conference on Public Health Law CY JUN 16-18, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Gen Counsel, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Matthews, GW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Gen Counsel, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 SU S BP 39 EP 40 PG 2 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 770LH UT WOS:000188731900008 PM 14968617 ER PT J AU McGowan, A Schooley, M Narvasa, H Rankin, J Sosin, DM AF McGowan, A Schooley, M Narvasa, H Rankin, J Sosin, DM TI Symposium on public health law surveillance: The nexus of information technology and public health law SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Partnership Conference on Public Health Law CY JUN 16-18, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Conf State Legislatures, Hlth Policy Tracking Serv, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Informat Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McGowan, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 SU S BP 41 EP 42 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2003.tb00744.x PG 2 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 770LH UT WOS:000188731900009 PM 14968618 ER PT J AU Heaton, JA Murphy, AM Allan, S Pietz, H AF Heaton, JA Murphy, AM Allan, S Pietz, H TI Legal preparedness for public health emergencies: TOPOFF 2 and other lessons SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Partnership Conference on Public Health Law CY JUN 16-18, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA C1 New Mexico House Representat, Radioact & Hazardous Mat Comm, Carlsbad, NM USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Arlington Cty Dept Human Serv, Arlington, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Terrorism Preparedness & Emergency Response, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Heaton, JA (reprint author), New Mexico House Representat, Radioact & Hazardous Mat Comm, Carlsbad, NM USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 SU S BP 43 EP 44 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2003.tb00745.x PG 2 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 770LH UT WOS:000188731900010 PM 14968619 ER PT J AU Randall, VR Safford, G Williams, WW AF Randall, VR Safford, G Williams, WW TI Public health preparedness and the law in communities of color SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Partnership Conference on Public Health Law CY JUN 16-18, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA C1 Univ Dayton, Sch Law, Inst Race Hlth Care & Law, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Great Lakes Inter Tribal Council, Indian Hlth Serv Programs, Lac Du Flambeau, WI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Randall, VR (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Sch Law, Inst Race Hlth Care & Law, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 SU S BP 45 EP 46 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2003.tb00746.x PG 2 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 770LH UT WOS:000188731900011 PM 14968620 ER PT J AU Hartsfield, D Vinicor, F AF Hartsfield, D Vinicor, F TI The role of law in health services delivery: Diabetes and state-mandated benefits SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Partnership Conference on Public Health Law CY JUN 16-18, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hartsfield, D (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 SU S BP 51 EP 51 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2003.tb00749.x PG 1 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 770LH UT WOS:000188731900014 PM 14968623 ER PT J AU Karchmer, C Tully, P Devlin, L Whitney, F Sage, M AF Karchmer, C Tully, P Devlin, L Whitney, F Sage, M TI New pressures/new partnerships: Public health and law enforcement SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Partnership Conference on Public Health Law CY JUN 16-18, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA C1 Pol Execut Res Forum, Washington, DC USA. N Carolina Bur Invest, Intelligence Tech Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. Eastern Dist N Carolina, Raleigh, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Terrorism Preparedness & Response, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Karchmer, C (reprint author), Pol Execut Res Forum, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 SU S BP 52 EP 53 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2003.tb00750.x PG 2 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 770LH UT WOS:000188731900015 PM 14968624 ER PT J AU Speakman, J Gonzalez-Martin, F Perez, T AF Speakman, J Gonzalez-Martin, F Perez, T TI Quarantine in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and other emerging infectious diseases SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Partnership Conference on Public Health Law CY JUN 16-18, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA C1 WHO, Dept Communicable Dis Surveillance & Response, Int Hlth Regulat Revis Project, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 SU S BP 63 EP 64 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2003.tb00755.x PG 2 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 770LH UT WOS:000188731900020 PM 14968629 ER PT J AU Zaza, S Clymer, J Upmeyer, L Thacker, SB AF Zaza, S Clymer, J Upmeyer, L Thacker, SB TI Using science-based guidelines to shape public health law SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Partnership Conference on Public Health Law CY JUN 16-18, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Partnership Prevent, Washington, DC USA. Iowa Gen Assembly, Des Moines, IA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zaza, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 SU S BP 65 EP 67 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2003.tb00756.x PG 3 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 770LH UT WOS:000188731900021 PM 14968630 ER PT J AU Monson, AZ Pauls, J Leverett, M AF Monson, AZ Pauls, J Leverett, M TI Applying the regulatory powers of public health SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Partnership Conference on Public Health Law CY JUN 16-18, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA C1 Oklahoma State Senate, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Monson, AZ (reprint author), Oklahoma State Senate, Oklahoma City, OK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 SU S BP 68 EP 69 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2003.tb00757.x PG 2 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 770LH UT WOS:000188731900022 PM 14968631 ER PT J AU Louie, D Sanchez, EJ Faircloth, S Dietz, WA AF Louie, D Sanchez, EJ Faircloth, S Dietz, WA TI School-based policies: Nutrition and physical activity SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Partnership Conference on Public Health Law CY JUN 16-18, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA C1 Moraga Sch Dist, Moraga, CA USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Louie, D (reprint author), Moraga Sch Dist, Moraga, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 SU S BP 73 EP 75 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2003.tb00759.x PG 3 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 770LH UT WOS:000188731900024 PM 14968633 ER PT J AU Viverette, MA Leaning, J Steeg, SK Gebbie, KM Litchveld, M AF Viverette, MA Leaning, J Steeg, SK Gebbie, KM Litchveld, M TI Who will keep the public healthy? Assuring a legally prepared workforce SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Partnership Conference on Public Health Law CY JUN 16-18, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Ctr Publ Hlth Preparedness, Boston, MA USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX USA. Columbia Univ, Sch Nursing, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 SU S BP 81 EP 83 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2003.tb00762.x PG 3 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 770LH UT WOS:000188731900027 PM 14968636 ER PT J AU Gerberding, JL Moulton, AD Goodman, RA Ransom, MM AF Gerberding, JL Moulton, AD Goodman, RA Ransom, MM TI Public health law, 2002-2003: year of achievement - Foreword SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gerberding, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 BP 482 EP 484 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2003.tb00116.x PG 3 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 764ED UT WOS:000188190200002 PM 14968651 ER PT J AU Ullmann, AJ Lane, RS Kurtenbach, K Miller, M Schriefer, ME Zeidner, N Piesman, J AF Ullmann, AJ Lane, RS Kurtenbach, K Miller, M Schriefer, ME Zeidner, N Piesman, J TI Bacteriolytic activity of selected vertebrate sera for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Borrelia bissettii SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE; NORTHERN COLORADO; HOST COMPLEMENT; FACTOR-H; LATO; RODENTS; TICKS AB An in vitro assay to evaluate the bacteriolytic activity of the complement pathway was applied to 2 strains of Borrelia bissettii, CO501 and DN127, and compared with that of B. burgdorfesi sensu stricto B31. Sera from mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and the Western Fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) were completely borreliacidal for B. burgdorferi and for both strains of B. bissettii. Serum from Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) was nonlytic for B. burgdorferi and partially lyric for B. bissettii strains, CO-501 and DN127. Serum from a New Zealand White rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was partially lytic for all 3 strains of Borrelia, whereas serum from white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) were nonlytic for all 3 Borrelia strains. The spectrum of complement sensitivity of B. bissettii appears to be similar to that of European B. afzelii in that tested rodent serum is not lytic to these 2 genospecies. Interestingly, both B. bissettii and B. afzelii have been found to be closely associated with rodents. Complement sensitivity demonstrated in these experiments may suggest and possibly predict specific reservoir-host associations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Insect Biol, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London W2 1PG, England. Colorado Div Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Ullmann, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1256 EP 1257 DI 10.1645/Ge-3081RN PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 760PU UT WOS:000187843500032 PM 14740924 ER PT J AU Luellen, BA Miller, DB Chisnell, AC Murphy, DL O'Callaghan, JP Andrews, AM AF Luellen, BA Miller, DB Chisnell, AC Murphy, DL O'Callaghan, JP Andrews, AM TI Neuronal and astroglial responses to the serotonin and norepinephrine neurotoxin: 1-methyl-4-(2 '-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ACTIVITY; DOPAMINERGIC NEUROTOXICITY; MONOAMINE-OXIDASE; MPTP 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE; HIPPOCAMPAL SEROTONIN; STRIATAL DOPAMINE; UPTAKE INHIBITORS; TRANSGENIC MICE; SPINAL-CORD AB 1-Methyl-4-(2'-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (2'-NH2MPTP) causes long-term loss of forebrain serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) and consequently, is unlike 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine ( MPTP) and its other 2'-analogs that primarily deplete striatal dopamine (DA). In the present investigation into the acute effects of 2'-NH2-MPTP in mice, profound decreases in cortical and hippocampal 5-HT and NE to 10 to 40% of control were observed as early as 30 min post-treatment and lasted throughout the ensuing 21 days. Striatal DA was decreased to 60 to 80% of control during the first 48 h but returned to normal by 72 h. Reactive gliosis, which occurs in response to neurodegeneration was not evident by immunocytochemistry but was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, where glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was increased to 130% of control in cortex, hippocampus, and brain stem 48 to 72 h post-treatment. To explore the possibility that 5-HT modulates the astrocytic response to injury, 2'-NH2-MPTP was used to damage 5-HT axons 2 weeks before administration of the potent DA neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-(2'-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (2'-CH3MPTP). Despite a 90% decrement in striatal DA in 2'-NH2-MPTP/ 2'- CH3-MPTP-treated mice, increases in GFAP were attenuated compared to mice treated with 2'-CH3-MPTP alone. Thus, 2'-NH2-MPTP causes severe and immediate decrements in 5-HT and NE in frontal cortex and hippocampus, yet induces a modest GFAP response compared with other MPTP analogs that have their primary effect on DA. These results demonstrate the importance of obtaining quantitative assessments of GFAP to detect astroglial responses associated with selective damage to neurotransmitter systems with low-density innervation and suggest that serotonin may facilitate the astrocytic response to striatal injury. C1 Penn State Univ, Davey Lab 152, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Huck Inst Life Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Neurotoxicol, NIEHS, Morgantown, WV USA. NIMH, Clin Sci Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Andrews, AM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Davey Lab 152, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Andrews, Anne/B-4442-2011; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 OI Andrews, Anne/0000-0002-1961-4833; FU NIMH NIH HHS [R03 MH 067713-01] NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 307 IS 3 BP 923 EP 931 DI 10.1124/jpet.103.055749 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 748WB UT WOS:000186883100011 PM 14561848 ER PT J AU Maas, WR AF Maas, WR TI The 2001 CDC recommendations for using fluoride to prevent and control dental caries in the United States - Reply to Dr. Horowitz's commentary SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDCP, Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Maas, WR (reprint author), CDCP, Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop F-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AAPHD NATIONAL OFFICE PI PORTLAND PA 3760 SW LYLE COURT, PORTLAND, OR 97221 USA SN 0022-4006 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT JI J. Public Health Dent. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 63 IS 1 BP 9 EP 10 DI 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2003.tb03468.x PG 2 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 671EN UT WOS:000182452500002 ER PT J AU Adekoya, N AF Adekoya, N TI Trends in childhood drowning on US farms, 1986-1997 SO JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB Computerized mortality data files from the National Center for Health Statistics were analyzed to describe childhood farm drowning from 1986 through 1997. Farm drowning rates were compared to the U.S. unintentional youth drowning rates for the same period. The denominator for the calculation of rates was derived from a series of farm youth estimates published by the Bureau of Census. There were 378 childhood farm drowning cases during the study period, for an average annual rate of 2.3 deaths per 100,000 farm youth resident years. This rate is comparable to unintentional drowning rates for U.S. youth (2.2/100,000 population). Fatality rates declined 28% from 1986 through 1997 (p = .0024) for farm youth and 41% for U.S. youth (p = .0001). An average 32 farm drowning incidents occur to youth annually, making drowning a legitimate concern for farm residents and visitors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Acute Care Rehabil Res & Disabil Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Adekoya, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Acute Care Rehabil Res & Disabil Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-F41, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RURAL HEALTH ASSOC PI KANSAS CITY PA ONE WEST ARMOUR BLVD, STE 301, KANSAS CITY, MO 64111 USA SN 0890-765X J9 J RURAL HEALTH JI J. Rural Health PD WIN PY 2003 VL 19 IS 1 BP 11 EP 14 DI 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2003.tb00535.x PG 4 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 639UY UT WOS:000180648800005 PM 12585769 ER PT J AU Cox, LH AF Cox, LH TI On properties of multi-dimensional statistical tables SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Article DE contingency table; rounding; log-linear models; imputation; iterative proportional fitting; stratified sampling; statistical data base; mathematical network AB Statistical data often can be conveniently organized in tabular form for display and analysis. Counts are nonnegative integers, and often magnitude data take nonnegative integer values. Two-dimensional tables enjoy mathematical proper-ties on which important statistical methods depend, e.g., for stratified sampling, imputation, disclosure limitation, and sampling and fitting log-linear models to contingency tables. We demonstrate that many desirable mathematical properties, and consequently their associated statistical methods, are not extendible in all cases to three or higher dimensions. We demonstrate that ill-behaved examples are ubiquitous, abundant and consequently not mathematical anomalies. To address these shortcomings, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions and an empirical test for the existence of an n-dimensional table with prescribed (n - 1)-dimensional marginal totals (feasibility) and a characterization of n-dimensional tables with prescribed (n - 1)-dimensional marginals for which continuous bounds on integer-valued entries exist and are integer (integrality). (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Cox, LH (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Res & Dev, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 3211, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 117 IS 2 BP 251 EP 273 AR PII S0378-3758(02)00392-0 DI 10.1016/S0378-3758(02)00392-0 PG 23 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 724MB UT WOS:000185490400007 ER PT J AU Wolf, SL Sattin, RW Kutner, M O'Grady, M Greenspan, AI Gregor, RJ AF Wolf, SL Sattin, RW Kutner, M O'Grady, M Greenspan, AI Gregor, RJ TI Intense tai chi exercise training and fall occurrences in older, transitionally frail adults: A randomized, controlled trial SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE exercise; falls; balance; aging; tai chi ID RESISTANCE EXERCISE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ELDERLY PERSONS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; BALANCE; PREVENTION; COMMUNITY; INJURIES; RISK; INTERVENTION AB Objectives: To determine whether an intense tai chi (TC) exercise program could reduce the risk of falls more than a wellness education (WE) program in older adults meeting criteria for transitioning to frailty. Design: Randomized, controlled trial of 48 weeks duration. Setting: Twenty congregate living facilities in the greater Atlanta area. Participants: Sample of 291 women and 20 men aged 70 to 97. Measurements: Demographics, time to first fall and all subsequent falls, functional measures, Sickness Impact Profile, Centers for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, Falls Efficacy Scales, and adherence to interventions. Results: The risk ratio (RR) of falling was not statistically different in the TC group and the WE group (RR=0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.52-1.08), P=.13). Over the 48 weeks of intervention, 46% (n=132) of the participants did not fall; the percentage of participants that fell at least once was 47.6% for the TC group and 60.3% for the WE group. Conclusion: TC did not reduce the RR of falling in transitionally frail, older adults, but the direction of effect observed in this study, together with positive findings seen previously in more-robust older adults, suggests that TC may be clinically important and should be evaluated further in this high-risk population. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Rehabil Med, Ctr Rehabil Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Appl Physiol, Ctr Human Movement Studies, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Wolf, SL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Rehabil Med, Ctr Rehabil Med, Room 206,1441 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Wolf, Steven/F-6588-2010 OI Wolf, Steven/0000-0002-9446-8995 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG 14767] NR 46 TC 152 Z9 157 U1 23 U2 50 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 51 IS 12 BP 1693 EP 1701 DI 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51552.x PG 9 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 743FU UT WOS:000186562400002 PM 14687346 ER PT J AU Linthicum, KJ Kramer, VL Madon, MB Fujioka, K AF Linthicum, KJ Kramer, VL Madon, MB Fujioka, K CA Surveillance Control Team TI Introduction and potential establishment of Aedes albopictus in California in 2001 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes albopictus; infestation; mosquitoes; Dracaena; invasion biology ID DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; VECTOR COMPETENCE; GEOGRAPHIC SPREAD; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; TRANSMISSION; ARBOVIRUSES; DISCOVERY AB Aedes albopictus was discovered in Los Angeles, California, in June 2001 in a maritime cargo container from China containing a shipment of a commercial plant product known as "Lucky Bamboo" (Dracaena spp.). To keep the plants alive during the ocean transit, they were shipped in 5-8 cm of water, providing an excellent habitat for Ae. albopictus. Mosquito infestations were subsequently detected at 15 nursery distributors of Dracaena in 2 northern and 4 southern California counties. The distribution of the Ae. albopictus infestations was limited to the vicinity of those nursery distributors with documented infestations. Infestations persisted for more than 5 months near some of the nurseries, and eggs were found in ovitraps until mid-November 2001 up to 1,000 m from the original infestation sites. Overwintering Ae. albopictus populations were discovered in April, July, and August 2002 at original infestation sites in Chino, San Bernardino County, and Monterey Park and Rowland Heights, Los Angeles County, respectively. Specimens were found at some sites of overwintering populations until October 2002. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Branch, Vector Borne Dis Sect, Ontario, CA 91764 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Branch, Vector Borne Dis Sect, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Greater Los Angeles Cty Vector Control Dist, Santa Fe Springs, CA 90670 USA. San Gabriel Valley Mosquito & Vector Control Dist, W Covina, CA 91790 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. San Diego Cty DEH, San Diego, CA USA. Los Angeles Cty DHS, Los Angeles, CA USA. San Bernardino Cty VCP, San Bernardino, CA USA. Long Beach DHHS, Long Beach, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. San Francisco DPH, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. RP Linthicum, KJ (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Branch, Vector Borne Dis Sect, 2151 Convent Ctr Way,Suite 218B, Ontario, CA 91764 USA. NR 27 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 19 IS 4 BP 301 EP 308 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 758CC UT WOS:000187614100004 PM 14710730 ER PT J AU Aspen, S Savage, HM AF Aspen, S Savage, HM TI Polymerase chain reaction assay identifies north american members of the Culex pipiens complex based on nucleotide sequence differences in the acetylcholinesterase gene Ace.2 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE acetylcholinesterase gene; Ace.2; Culex pipiens complex; Culex pipiens; Culex quinquefasciatus; molecular species identification ID ST-LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; NEW-YORK-CITY; QUINQUEFASCIATUS SAY; RIBOSOMAL DNA; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; MOSQUITOS; SPACERS AB Nucleotide sequence differences in the acetylcholinesterase gene Ace.2 were used to develop an assay to distinguish among North American mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens complex. Taxon-specific polymerase chain reaction primers based on sequence differences within intron 2 of Ace.2 distinguish among the sibling species Cx. pipiens Linneaus and Cx. quinquefasciatus Say and their F-1 hybrids. This assay may be used to confirm the species composition of mosquito pools, identify individual specimens collected in arbovirus surveillance programs and other mosquito studies, and define zones of hybridization. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Aspen, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 24 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 19 IS 4 BP 323 EP 328 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 758CC UT WOS:000187614100006 PM 14710732 ER PT J AU Nasci, RS Gottfried, KL Burkhalter, KL Ryan, JR Emmerich, E Dave, K AF Nasci, RS Gottfried, KL Burkhalter, KL Ryan, JR Emmerich, E Dave, K TI Sensitivity of the VecTest (TM) antigen assay for eastern equine encephalitis and western equine encephalitis viruses SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE eastern equine encephalitis; western equine encephalitis; surveillance; VecTest; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; plaque assay; mosquito; vector ID CAPTURE ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; FIELD-COLLECTED MOSQUITOS; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; AVIAN-TISSUES; NILE-VIRUS; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA AB VecTest(R) assays for detecting eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE) and western equine encephalitis virus (WEE) antigen in mosquito pools were evaluated to determine their sensitivity and specificity by using a range of FEE, WEE, St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLE), and West Nile virus (WN) dilutions as well as individual and pooled mosquitoes containing FEE or WEE. The EEE test produced reliable positive results with samples containing greater than or equal to5.3 log(10) plaque-forming units (PFU) of EEE/ml, and the WEE test produced reliable positive results with samples containing greater than or equal to4.7 log(10) PFU WEE/ml. Both assays detected the respective viral antigens in single virus-positive mosquitoes and in pools containing a single positive mosquito and 49 negative specimens. The SLE and WN assays also contained on the dipsticks accurately detected their respective viruses. No evidence was found of cross reaction or false positives in any of the tests. The VecTest assays were less sensitive than the EEE- and WEE-specific TaqMan reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Vero cell plaque assay, but appear to be useful for detecting arboviruses in mosquito-based arbovirus surveillance programs. C1 Copheid, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Med Anal Syst Inc, Camarillo, CA 93012 USA. RP Nasci, RS (reprint author), Copheid, 120 Beth Court, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 19 IS 4 BP 440 EP 444 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 758CC UT WOS:000187614100026 PM 14710752 ER PT J AU Schenker, N AF Schenker, N TI Assessing variability due to race bridging: Application to census counts and vital rates for the year 2000 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; linearization; missing data; multiple imputation; Taylor series; vital statistics AB In 1997, the Office of Management and Budget revised the standards for classification of Federal data on race and ethnicity. A key provision of the revised standards is that each respondent in a Federal data collection is now allowed to select more than one race to describe the person in question. The prior standards, published in 1977, specified that each respondent be instructed to select only one race. In the 2000 census, data on race were collected under the new standards. To make the 2000 census data compatible with other data systems that have not yet implemented the new standards as well as with historical data collected under the prior standards, the National Center for Health Statistics of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, with assistance from the Bureau of the Census, has produced bridged census counts, that is, estimates of the counts by race that would have been obtained had the prior standards been in effect. This article presents techniques for assessing the variability due to race bridging. The methods developed by Schafer and Schenker for inference with imputed conditional means, which can be considered a first-order approximation to a multiple-imputation analysis with an infinite number of imputations, are adapted to the bridging problem and applied to bridged 2000 census counts as well as to selected vital rates for 2000 computed using bridged census counts as denominators. The relative standard errors of estimated census counts by race under the 1977 standards tend to be higher for finer geographic levels and lower for coarser geographic levels. For each state (or the District of Columbia), the relative standard error of the count for a given race is no greater than .05. For birth and death rates by age group and 1977 race at the national level, on an absolute basis, bridging of the census counts in the denominators does not add substantially to the relative standard errors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Schenker, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM nschenker@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 98 IS 464 BP 818 EP 828 DI 10.1198/016214503000000756 PG 11 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 765YL UT WOS:000188318600005 ER PT J AU Bull, SS Posner, SF Ortiz, C Evans, T AF Bull, SS Posner, SF Ortiz, C Evans, T TI Knowledge of, attitudes toward, and stage of change for female and male condoms among Denver inner-city women SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE female condoms; STD prevention; pregnancy prevention ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; LOW-INCOME; CONTRACEPTIVE EFFICACY; BARRIER METHODS; CLINIC PATIENTS; HIGH-RISK; ACCEPTABILITY; ADOLESCENTS AB Despite availability for a decade and documented acceptability among some groups of women for the method, female condom use is still rare. We surveyed 198 young women (15-25 years old) living in the inner city of Denver about their knowledge of, attitudes toward, and practices regarding female and male condoms. Most (75%) women bad ever considered using male condoms; 32% bad ever considered using female condoms; and use of either was sporadic. We examined predictors for being in either precontemplation or a later stage along the change continuum at both the bivariate and multivariate levels. Our findings suggest that African Americans and younger women are more likely to contemplate using female condoms. Both lack of knowledge and positive attitudes toward female condoms in this sample suggest that programs designed to raise awareness and knowledge of female condoms while improving their image are needed. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Family Med, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Educ Message Serv, Ventura, CA USA. RP Bull, SS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, POB 6508,Mail Stop F-443, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM sheana.bull@uchsc.edu OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD DEC PY 2003 VL 80 IS 4 BP 658 EP 666 DI 10.1093/jurban/jtg072 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 761ZK UT WOS:000187945200013 PM 14709713 ER PT J AU Smith, DK Gardner, LI Phelps, R Hamburger, ME Carpenter, C Klein, RS Rompalo, A Schuman, P Holmberg, SD AF Smith, DK Gardner, LI Phelps, R Hamburger, ME Carpenter, C Klein, RS Rompalo, A Schuman, P Holmberg, SD CA HIV Epidemiology Res Study Grp TI Mortality rates and causes of death in a cohort of HIV-infected and uninfected women, 1993-1999 SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE women; mortality; cause of death; HIV; AIDS; injection drug use ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INJECTING DRUG-USERS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PRE-AIDS MORTALITY; CERTIFICATE COMPLETION; EPIDEMIOLOGY RESEARCH; CANCER INCIDENCE; LIVER-DISEASE; RISK; MULTICENTER AB HIV/AIDS-associated and non-HIV/AIDS-associated death rates and causes of death between 1993 and 1999 were examined in 885 HIV-infected women and 425 uninfected women of the HIV Epidemiology Research Study cohort. Causes of death were determined by review of death certificates and the National Death Index. Adjusted hazard ratios were calculated for mortality risk factors. In the 885 HIV-infected women and 425 uninfected women, 234 deaths and 8 deaths, respectively, occurred by December 31, 1999. All-cause death rates in the HIV-infected women were unchanged between the pre-HAART (1993-1996) and HAART eras (19971999)-5.1 versus 5.4 deaths per 100 person-years (py). AIDS as a cause of death decreased from 58% of all deaths in 1996 to 19% in 1999, while HAART use increased to 42% by the end of 1999. In spite of the modest proportion ever using HAART, HIV-related mortality rates did decline, particularly in women with CD4+ cell counts less than 200/mm(3). Drug-related factors were prominent: for the 129 non-AIDS-defining deaths, hepatitis C positivity (relative hazard [RH] 2.6, P < .001) and injection drug use (RH 1.7, P = 0.02) were strong predictors of mortality, but were not significant in the Cox model for 105 AIDS-defining deaths (RH 0.9, P > .30 and R H 0.7, P > .30, respectively. The regression analysis findings, along with the high percentage of non-AIDS deaths attributable to illicit drug use, suggest that high levels of drug use in this population offset improvements in mortality from declining numbers of deaths due to AIDS. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Miriam Hosp, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RP Gardner, LI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Lig0@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [U64 CCU306802, U64 CCU506831, U64 CCU106795, U64CCU 206798] NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD DEC PY 2003 VL 80 IS 4 BP 676 EP 688 DI 10.1093/jurban/jtg074 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 761ZK UT WOS:000187945200015 PM 14709715 ER PT J AU Goddard, J Sumner, JW Nicholson, WL Paddock, CD Shen, J Piesman, J AF Goddard, J Sumner, JW Nicholson, WL Paddock, CD Shen, J Piesman, J TI Survey of ticks collected in Mississippi for Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Borrelia species SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tick-borne diseases; spotted fever group rickettsiae; endosymbionts; Ehrlichia chaffeensis; Acanthoamoeba ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; FEVER GROUP RICKETTSIAE; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; UNITED-STATES; SPOTTED-FEVER; IXODIDAE; ACARI; GEORGIA; SOUTH AB From November 1999 through October 2000, we tested ticks collected from vegetation as well as from deer, dogs, and humans for spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and Borrelia spp. spirochetes. A total of 149 adult ticks representing four species was collected from 11 collection sites from southwestern to northern Mississippi. Amblyomma americanum was most commonly collected (n=68), followed by Ixodes scapularis (n=53). The bird tick, Ixodes brunneus (usually rare), was the third most commonly collected tick (n=17). Eleven Dermacentor variabilis were also collected. Ticks were cut longitudinally to make smears on three microscope slides. The remaining body parts were frozen at -65degreesC for additional testing. Tick smears were stained by direct immunofluorescence assays (DFA) for Rickettsia spp. and Borrelia spp., while indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) were used for Ehrlichia spp. The corresponding tick for each positive smear was evaluated using PCR analysis. None of the 149 ticks tested was DFA positive for Borrelia spp. However, smears of 30 (20%) and 32 (22%) ticks reacted with anti-E. chaffeensis sera and anti-R. rickettsii conjugate (known to react with several members of the spotted fever group), respectively. None of the ticks staining with the IFA for Ehrlichia was positive for E. chaffeensis using PCR. However, 23 (72%) of 32 FA-positive ticks for SFG rickettsiae yielded amplicons of the appropriate size when tested using a PCR assay for SFG rickettsiae, corresponding to an overall infection rate with SFG rickettsiae among the collected ticks of 15%. Smears of 12 (71%) of 17 I. brunneus revealed abundant bacilliform bacteria. PCR amplification of DNA from a single I brunneus containing these bacteria was performed using universal primers for the 16S rRNA gene as well as Borrelia-specific primers. The predominant sequence obtained using the universal primers did not match any sequence in GenBank, but it showed 91% identity with an endosymbiont of Acanthoamoeba. Other sequences represented in the top 50 Basic Local Alignment Search (BLAST) scores were primarily from soil bacteria, although some similarity to several Anaplasma species and Ehrlichia risticii was indicated. The significance of this finding remains undetermined. C1 Mississipi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS 39215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Goddard, J (reprint author), Mississipi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS 39215 USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI SANTA ANA PA PO BOX 87, SANTA ANA, CA 92702 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 28 IS 2 BP 184 EP 189 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 759EK UT WOS:000187725200007 PM 14714667 ER PT J AU Pappaioanou, M Garbe, PL Glynn, MK Thacker, SB AF Pappaioanou, M Garbe, PL Glynn, MK Thacker, SB TI Veterinarians and public health: The epidemic intelligence service of the centers for disease control and prevention, 1951-2002 SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; UNITED-STATES; CHALLENGES AB Public health affords important and exciting career opportunities for veterinarians. The Epidemic Intelligence Service Program (EIS) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a two-year post-graduate program of service and on-the-job training for health professionals, including veterinarians, who are interested in careers in epidemiology and public health. EIS serves as a major point of entry into the public health arena. Veterinarians applying to the program must have a Master of Public Health or equivalent degree, or demonstrated public health experience or course work. EIS officers are assigned to positions at CDC headquarters or in state and local health departments. During two-year assignments, they are trained in applied epidemiology, biostatistics, conducting outbreak investigations, emergency preparedness and response, and scientific communications. They conduct epidemiologic outbreak and other investigations, perform applied research and public health surveillance, serve the epidemiologic needs of state health departments, present at scientific and medical conferences, publish in the scientific literature, and disseminate vital public health information to the media and the public. EIS officers apply their training and skills to actual public health problems and issues, establish mentorships with recognized experts from CDC and other national and international health agencies, and travel domestically and internationally. From 1951 to 2002, 195 veterinarians have graduated from the program and gone on to make substantial contributions to public health in positions with federal, state, or local governments, academia, industry, and non-govern mental organizations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidmiol, HIV Incidence & Case Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pappaioanou, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, Mailstop D-69,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mxpl@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0748-321X J9 J VET MED EDUC JI J. Vet. Med. Educ. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 30 IS 4 BP 383 EP 391 DI 10.3138/jvme.30.4.383 PG 9 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Veterinary Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Veterinary Sciences GA 766HR UT WOS:000188371400015 PM 14976627 ER PT J AU Korotkova, EA Park, R Cherkasova, EA Lipskaya, GY Chumakov, KM Feldman, EV Kew, OM Agol, VI AF Korotkova, EA Park, R Cherkasova, EA Lipskaya, GY Chumakov, KM Feldman, EV Kew, OM Agol, VI TI Retrospective analysis of a local cessation of vaccination against poliomyelitis: a possible scenario for the future SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENT PATIENT; POLIOVIRUS STRAINS; WILD POLIOVIRUS; ERADICATION; EVOLUTION; CIRCULATION; PERSISTENCE; RECOMBINANT; DELIVERY; VACCINES AB The global eradication of poliomyelitis will require substantial changes in immunization practices. One of the proposed scenarios includes cessation of vaccination with live oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and the creation of an OPV stockpile for emergency response in case of the reintroduction of poliovirus into circulation. We describe here a retrospective analysis of the cessation of OPV usage in a region of the Byelorussian Republic of the former Soviet Union in 1963 to 1966. During this period, a widespread circulation and evolution of independent lineages of vaccine-derived polioviruses took place in the region. Some of these lineages appeared to originate from OPV given to 40 children in the community during this period of essentially no vaccinations. The data demonstrate very high risks associated with both the local cessation of OPV vaccination and the proposed use of OPV to control a possible reemergence of poliovirus in the postvaccination period. The high transmissibility of Off-derived viruses in nonimmune population, documented here, and the known existence of long-term OPV excretors should be also considered in assessing risks of the synchronized global cessation of OPV usage. C1 Russian Acad Med Sci, Inst Poliomyelitis & Viral Encephalitis, Moscow 142782, Russia. Res Inst Epidemiol & Microbiol, Minsk 220050, Byelarus. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res Food & Drug Adm, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. European Reg Off World Hlth Org, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Agol, VI (reprint author), Inst Poliomyelitis, Kievskoye Shosse 27 Km, Moscow 142782, Russia. RI Agol, Vadim/E-1941-2013 NR 32 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 77 IS 23 BP 12460 EP 12465 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.23.12460-12465.2003 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 744DM UT WOS:000186612700009 PM 14610170 ER PT J AU Cooper, CP Jorgensen, CM Merritt, TL AF Cooper, CP Jorgensen, CM Merritt, TL TI Telephone focus groups: An emerging method in public health research SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Interdisciplinary Advances in Qualitative Methods CY MAY 03-05, 2003 CL BANFF, CANADA ID INCREASED RISK; BREAST-CANCER; PRACTITIONERS; PATIENT; NEEDS AB Background: The focus group is a widely used qualitative method in public health research. Typically, focus groups involve face-to-face interaction, although focus groups have also been conducted via telephone conference calls. Methods: The indexed medical and social sciences literature was reviewed to assess what is empirically known about the telephone focus group method and how this method has been used to explore health topics. Results: Thirteen studies reported in 16 publications were found that used telephone focus groups. Of the 13 studies, 12 investigated health topics, and none explored any methodological issues. Some health studies used the telephone focus group method exclusively, whereas others used it in conjunction with additional methods. The studies involved a variety of lay and professional populations in six countries and explored a range of topics. Several of the studies included participants from a wide geographic area, such as across the entire United States. Two rationales for using the telephone focus group method were reported: assembling geographically disparate participants and increasing participant anonymity by eliminating visual contact. Conclusions: Health researchers appear to be the primary users of the telephone focus group method for academic research. The telephone focus group method may be especially useful in health studies involving populations that do not have adequate representation in any single region and studies investigating sensitive topics. Methods studies are needed to compare the group dynamics of telephone and in-person focus groups and determine the most appropriate size and duration for telephone focus groups. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Cooper, CP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ccooper@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD DEC PY 2003 VL 12 IS 10 BP 945 EP 951 DI 10.1089/154099903322643866 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 768FL UT WOS:000188532900001 PM 14709182 ER PT J AU Gubler, DJ AF Gubler, DJ TI Aedes albopictus in Africa SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Gubler, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 9 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 3 IS 12 BP 751 EP 752 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00826-0 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 749GH UT WOS:000186910800014 PM 14652197 ER PT J AU Bharti, AR Nally, JE Ricaldi, JN Matthias, MA Diaz, MM Lovett, MA Levett, PN Gilman, RH Willig, MR Gotuzzo, E Vinetz, JM AF Bharti, AR Nally, JE Ricaldi, JN Matthias, MA Diaz, MM Lovett, MA Levett, PN Gilman, RH Willig, MR Gotuzzo, E Vinetz, JM CA Peru-United States Leptospirosis TI Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID INTERROGANS SEROVAR HARDJO; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MICROSCOPIC AGGLUTINATION-TEST; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M ANTIBODIES; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; BLOOD CULTURE-SYSTEMS; RECURRENT UVEITIS ERU; OLEIC ALBUMIN COMPLEX; ACUTE-RENAL-FAILURE; PATHOGENIC LEPTOSPIRA AB In the past decade, leptospirosis has emerged as a globally important infectious disease. It occurs in urban environments of industrialised and developing countries, as well as in rural regions worldwide. Mortality remains significant, related both to delays in diagnosis due to lack of infrastructure and adequate clinical suspicion, and to other poorly understood reasons that may include inherent pathogenicity of some leptospiral strains or genetically determined host immunopathological responses. Pulmonary haemorrhage is recognised increasingly as a major, often lethal, manifestation of leptospirosis, the pathogenesis of which remains unclear. The completion of the genome sequence of Leptospira interrogans serovar lai, and other continuing leptospiral genome sequencing projects, promise to guide future work on the disease. Mainstays of treatment are still tetracyclines and beta-lactam/cephalosporins. No vaccine is available. Prevention is largely dependent on sanitation measures that may be difficult to implement, especially in developing countries. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Sch Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Alexander von Humboldt Inst Trop Med, Lima, Peru. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Ecol Program, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Vinetz, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Sch Med, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mail Code 0640,Cell & Mol Med E 20, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Ricaldi, Jessica/A-9112-2009; OI Ricaldi, Jessica/0000-0003-0330-0554; Vinetz, Joseph/0000-0001-8344-2004 FU FIC NIH HHS [1R01TW005860, D43 TW007120, D43 TW007120-01]; NIAID NIH HHS [1F32AI055235-01, 5T35AI00764, K24 AI068903] NR 157 TC 842 Z9 908 U1 9 U2 90 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 3 IS 12 BP 757 EP 771 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00830-2 PG 15 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 749GH UT WOS:000186910800018 PM 14652202 ER PT J AU Kourtis, AP Butera, S Ibegbu, C Belec, L Duerr, A AF Kourtis, AP Butera, S Ibegbu, C Belec, L Duerr, A TI Breast milk and HIV-1: vector of transmission or vehicle of protection? SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; HUMAN COLOSTRUM; MAMMARY-GLAND; TYPE-1 TRANSMISSION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; POSTNATAL TRANSMISSION; LYMPHOCYTE-RESPONSES; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; ORAL IMMUNIZATION AB Transmission of HIV-1 to the infant through breastfeeding is a major cause of new paediatric HIV-1 infections worldwide. Although extended breastfeeding accounts for approximately 40% of infant HIV infections worldwide, most breastfed infants remain uninfected, despite prolonged and repeated exposure to HIV-1. Mechanisms associated with transmission of HIV-1 through breastfeeding and factors related to protection from such transmission remain poorly understood. Here we focus on the cellular origin of HIV in breast milk and on immune factors within the milk that may offer protection from transmission of HIV infection. The presence of innate immunity and induction of adaptive immunity against HIV is explored: in particular, specific antibodies, cellular responses, and their significance. The role of mucosal immune activation and epithelial integrity in HIV transmission is also addressed. We are of the opinion that advances in laboratory methods that study specific aspects of immunity will help open new areas of understanding of HIV transmission through breastfeeding and mechanisms of protection, and contribute to the development of novel prevention strategies. C1 Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Aids, STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Paris 06, Inst Rech Biomed Cordeliers, INSERM U430, Paris, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kourtis, AP (reprint author), 540 Wembley Circle, Atlanta, GA 30328 USA. NR 100 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 3 IS 12 BP 786 EP 793 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00832-6 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 749GH UT WOS:000186910800020 PM 14652204 ER PT J AU Lejon, V Boelaert, M Jannin, J Moore, A Buscher, P AF Lejon, V Boelaert, M Jannin, J Moore, A Buscher, P TI The challenge of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness diagnosis outside Africa SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; NERVOUS-SYSTEM INVOLVEMENT; INTRATHECAL IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CARD-AGGLUTINATION-TEST; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; GAMBIAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS; STAGE DETERMINATION; TB-GAMBIENSE; CENTRIFUGATION; ANTIBODIES AB Sleeping sickness is a lethal African disease caused by parasites of the Trypanosoma brucei subspecies, which is transmitted by tsetse flies. Occasionally, patients are reported outside Africa. Diagnosis of such imported cases can be problematic when the infection is due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, the chronic form of sleeping sickness found in west and central Africa. The low number of trypanosomes in the blood and the non-specific, variable symptoms make the diagnosis difficult, particularly when the index of suspicion is low. When the trypanosomes have penetrated into the central nervous system, neuropathological signs become apparent but even at this stage, misdiagnosis is frequent. Rapid and correct diagnosis of sleeping sickness can avoid inappropriate or delayed treatment and even death of the patient. In this article, an overview on diagnosis of imported cases of T b gambiense sleeping sickness is given, and possible pitfalls in the diagnostic process are highlighted. Bioclinical parameters that should raise the suspicion of sleeping sickness in a patient who has been in west or central Africa are discussed. Techniques for diagnosis are reviewed. A clinician suspecting sleeping sickness should contact a national reference centre for tropical medicine in his or her country, or the WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA, for clinical consultation and provision of specific diagnostic tests. Appropriate drugs for sleeping sickness treatment are also provided by WHO and the CDC. C1 Inst Trop Med, Interdept Res Grp Neglected Dis, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. WHO, Dept Communicable Dis Surveillance & Response, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lejon, V (reprint author), Inst Trop Med, Interdept Res Grp Neglected Dis, Nationalestr 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. RI Buscher, Philippe/B-9956-2012; Boelaert, Marleen/E-2698-2012 OI Buscher, Philippe/0000-0002-1926-7472; Boelaert, Marleen/0000-0001-8051-6776 NR 56 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 3 IS 12 BP 804 EP 808 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00834-X PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 749GH UT WOS:000186910800022 PM 14652206 ER PT J AU Lethbridge-Cejku, M Helmick, CG Popovic, JR AF Lethbridge-Cejku, M Helmick, CG Popovic, JR TI Hospitalizations for arthritis and other rheumatic conditions - Data from the 1997 National Hospital Discharge Survey SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE arthritis; hospitalization; health care; NHDS AB OBJECTIVE. To describe the impact of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions on hospitals by describing the magnitude and characteristics of these hospitalizations. METHODS. Data from the 1997 National Hospital Discharge Survey were used to examine this impact. Arthritis was defined using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification, codes specified by the National Arthritis Data Workgroup. Arthritis-related hospitalizations were analyzed by principal diagnosis of arthritis and by any-listed arthritis diagnosis. RESULTS. In 1997, there were an estimated 744,000 hospitalizations with a principal arthritis diagnosis (3% of hospitalizations). Compared with nonarthritis hospitalizations, persons hospitalized with a principal arthritis diagnosis were older, had fewer comorbidities, had shorter hospital stays, were more likely to undergo a procedure, and were more likely to be discharged to short- and long-term care facilities. The most common diagnoses and procedures related to osteoarthritis. This profile was consistent with a healthier-than-average hospital population electively admitted for specific procedures and subsequent rehabilitation. There were an estimated 2.5 million hospitalizations with an any-listed arthritis diagnosis (>9% of hospitalizations). Persons hospitalized with an any-listed arthritis diagnosis were older, had more comorbidities, and had longer hospital stays than those with principal arthritis or nonarthritis hospitalizations. This profile was consistent with a sicker-than-average hospital population non-electively admitted for reasons other than their arthritis, especially cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION. Arthritis has a sizable impact on the hospital care system. As our population ages, this impact, in both human and economic terms, is likely to increase. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US Gen Accounting Off, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Interview Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Helmick, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,MS K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD DEC PY 2003 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1367 EP 1373 DI 10.1097/01.MLR.0000100582.52451.AC PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 748RE UT WOS:000186874200007 PM 14668669 ER PT J AU Strath, SJ Bassett, DR Ham, SA Swartz, AM AF Strath, SJ Bassett, DR Ham, SA Swartz, AM TI Assessment of physical activity by telephone interview versus objective monitoring SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE questionnaire; survey; energy expenditure; accelerometer; heart rate ID MOTION SENSOR TECHNIQUE; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; COLLEGE ALUMNI; VALIDITY; ACCELEROMETRY; HYPERTENSION; INDIVIDUALS; EXERCISE; ATTACK AB Purpose: To compare different methods of quantifying time in physical activity (PA). Methods: Twenty-five participants (12 male, 13 female) volunteered to be monitored for seven consecutive days, during which different PA patterns were measured by the simultaneous heart-rate motion sensor technique (HR+M). At the end of the 7th day, participants completed questions taken from the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) PA module telephone survey, in which they recalled the amount of time spent walking, and in moderate and vigorous activities. The results of the BRFSS PA module were then compared with those of the HR+M. Results: No significant group differences were found in the amount of time spent in moderate and vigorous activities between methods. However, individual differences were greater for time spent in moderate activities (SE +/- 7.36 min(.)d(-1); range -70 to 77 min(.)d(-1)) than for time spent in vigorous activities (SE +/- 3.57 min(.)d(-1); range -39 to 33 min(.)d(-1)). Spearman correlation coefficients between the HR+M and the BRFSS were significant for vigorous activities (r = 0.54, P < 0.01). There was 80% agreement between the two methods of classifying individuals who either: (a) met the recommendations (through moderate and/or vigorous PA) or (b) did not meet the recommendations. Conclusion: The BRFSS and HR+M methods yielded similar group estimates of PA, but individual assessments of moderate activity differed more than those of vigorous activity. BRFSS estimations of group compliance with national PA recommendations were similar to those of the HR+M. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Hlth & Exercise Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Strath, SJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Human Movement Sci, Coll Hlth Sci, Enderis Hall,Room 435,POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. NR 28 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 35 IS 12 BP 2112 EP 2118 DI 10.1249/01.MSS.0000099091.38917.76 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 753QJ UT WOS:000187241800024 PM 14652510 ER PT J AU Anderson, AD Nelson, JM Rossiter, S Angulo, FJ AF Anderson, AD Nelson, JM Rossiter, S Angulo, FJ TI Public health consequences of use of antimicrobial agents in food animals in the United States SO MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE-MECHANISMS EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID AMPC BETA-LACTAMASE; VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI; SEROTYPE TYPHIMURIUM DT104; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; HUMAN SALMONELLOSIS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; ANTIBIOTIC USE; POULTRY MEAT; HUMANS AB The use of antimicrobial agents in food animals has caused concern regarding the impact these uses have on human health. Use of antimicrobial agents in animals and humans results in the emergence and dissemination of resistant bacteria. Resistant bacteria from food animals may be passed through the food chain to humans resulting in resistant infections. Increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents that are important in the treatment of human diseases, such as fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins for the treatment of Salmonella and Campylobacter infections, has significant public health implications. Efforts to mitigate the effects of increasing resistance require collaboration by several partners, including the farming, veterinary, medical, and public health communities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Angulo, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fangulo@cdc.gov NR 67 TC 94 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 28 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1076-6294 J9 MICROB DRUG RESIST JI Microb. Drug Resist.-Mechan. Epidemiol. Dis. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 9 IS 4 BP 373 EP 379 DI 10.1089/107662903322762815 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 819MB UT WOS:000221317900009 PM 15000744 ER PT J AU Jevitt, LA Smith, AJ Williams, PP Raney, PM McGowan, JE Tenover, FC AF Jevitt, LA Smith, AJ Williams, PP Raney, PM McGowan, JE Tenover, FC TI In vitro activities of daptomycin, linezolid, and quinupristin-dalfopristin against a challenge panel of staphylococci and enterococci, including vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium SO MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE-MECHANISMS EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 25-28, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID GRAM-POSITIVE PATHOGENS; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; STATES; HOSPITALS; EMERGENCE; FAECALIS; STRAINS AB We assessed the in vitro activities of daptomycin, linezolid, and quinupristin-dalfopristin (QD) against a contemporary challenge panel of 88 staphylococcal and 90 enterococcal isolates. The staphylococci selected included vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Enterococcal isolates included vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) containing either vanA, vanB1, or vanD. The MICs of daptomycin, linezolid, and QD were determined using commercial broth microdilution panels. All three VISA isolates were susceptible to daptomycin, linezolid, and QD. QD was the most active agent against staphylococcal isolates (MIC50 less than or equal to 0.5 /mug/ml and MIC90 = 1 mug/ml), including those with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin. QD was also the most active agent against VREF (MIC90 less than or equal to 0.5 mug/ml). No differences were seen for susceptibility of vanA, vanB1, and vanD VREF strains for daptomycin, linezolid, or QD. Daptomycin was the most effective against E. faecalis. On the basis of manufacturer-suggested interpretive criteria, 92% of isolates were susceptible (MIC90 = 4 mug/ml). All isolates tested were susceptible to at least one antimicrobial agent for which interpretive criteria have been defined. Population analysis of three S. aureus isolates for which the daptomycin MICs were 8 mug/ml showed a pattern of homogeneous resistance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Jevitt, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G08, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lgj9@cdc.gov RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 27 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1076-6294 J9 MICROB DRUG RESIST JI Microb. Drug Resist.-Mechan. Epidemiol. Dis. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 9 IS 4 BP 389 EP 393 DI 10.1089/107662903322762833 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 819MB UT WOS:000221317900011 PM 15000746 ER PT J AU Richter, P Spierto, FW AF Richter, P Spierto, FW TI Surveillance of smokeless tobacco nicotine, pH, moisture, and unprotonated nicotine content SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Smokeless tobacco is a complex chemical mixture, including not only the components of the tobacco leaf but also chemicals added during the manufacturing process. Smokeless tobacco contains the addictive chemical nicotine and more than 20 cancer-causing chemicals, including the potent tobacco-specific nitrosamines. The National Toxicology Program of the National Institutes of Health has concluded that oral use of smokeless tobacco is a human carcinogen. Therefore, smokeless tobacco is not a safe alternative to cigarettes. In fact, smokeless tobacco use begins primarily during early adolescence and can lead to nicotine dependence and increased risk of becoming a cigarette smoker. Under the Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Health Education Act of 1986 (15 U.S.C. 4401 et seq., Pub. L. 99-252), tobacco manufacturers report annually to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on the total nicotine, unprotonated nicotine, pH, and moisture content of their smokeless tobacco products. This information is considered "trade secret," or confidential, in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(b)(4) and 18 U.S.C. 1905 and cannot be released to the public. In an effort to provide consumers and researchers with information on the nicotine content of smokeless tobacco, CDC arranged for the analysis of popular brands of smokeless tobacco. The results of this CDC study show that pH is a primary factor in the amount of nicotine that is in the most readily absorbable, unprotonated form. Furthermore, this study found that the brands of moist snuff smokeless tobacco with the largest amount of unprotonated nicotine also are the most frequently sold brands. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Richter, P (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pir1@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 5 IS 6 BP 885 EP 889 DI 10.1080/14622200310001614647 PG 5 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 764ZL UT WOS:000188241000011 PM 14668072 ER PT J AU Brett, KM Reuben, CA AF Brett, KM Reuben, CA TI Prevalence of estrogen or estrogen-progestin hormone therapy use SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HEALTH INITIATIVE MEMORY; UP HERS-II; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PLUS PROGESTIN; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ESTROGEN/PROGESTIN REPLACEMENT; ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA; MENOPAUSAL ESTROGEN AB OBJECTIVE: To use nationally representative data to produce prevalence estimates of combination estrogen-progestin therapy and estrogen-only therapy by covariates, and to evaluate differences between current use of short duration (less than 5 years) and current long-term use. METHODS: We analyzed data from female respondents 40 years of age and older (n = 9400) who were interviewed in the 1999 National Health Interview Survey. Hormone therapy use was categorized into four types: current estrogen-progestin therapy use, current estrogen-only therapy use, former hormone therapy use, and never use. We calculated the prevalence of hormone therapy by different levels of previously identified covariates of hormone therapy, as well as overall prevalence of hormone therapy use by length of use. RESULTS: Approximately 24% of women aged 40 years or older were current hormone users. Of these, 30% were taking estrogen-progestin therapy, and 70% were taking estrogen-only therapy. The prevalence of hormone use differed dramatically by hysterectomy status and age, and less so by many demographic, health-risk behavior, medical access, and medical history variables. Among women with no hysterectomy, the associations with many of the covariates were stronger for estrogen-progestin therapy use than for estrogen-only therapy use. Only 3% of women were estimated to be current estrogen-progestin therapy users for 5 or more years, whereas 10% were current estrogen-only therapy users for 5 or more years. CONCLUSION: Although many women at midlife and older were current hormone users, very few were long-term users of estrogen-progestin therapy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Brett, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Epidemiol, 3311 Toledo Rd,MS 6226, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 44 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1240 EP 1249 DI 10.1016/i.obstetgynecol.2003.09.024 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 747NX UT WOS:000186811800006 PM 14662210 ER PT J AU Whitehead, SJ Berg, CJ Chang, J AF Whitehead, SJ Berg, CJ Chang, J TI Pregnancy-related mortality due to cardiomyopathy: United States, 1991-1997 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERIPARTUM CARDIOMYOPATHY; HEART-FAILURE AB Objective: To describe characteristics and risk factors for pregnancy-related deaths due to cardiomyopathy during 1991-1997 and to assess reasons for the increasing trend in reporting of pregnancy-related deaths due to cardiomyopathy from 1979 through 1997. Methods: We used data from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention's Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System to examine pregnancy-related deaths due to cardiomyopathy from 1991 through 1997. The pregnancy-related mortality ratio for cardiomyopathy was defined as the number of pregnancy-related deaths from cardiomyopathy per 100,000 live births. Cardiomyopathy was classified as peripartum cardiomyopathy or cardiomyopathy due to other causes. Results: Of the 245 cardiomyopathy deaths that occurred during 1991-1997, 171 (70%) were due to peripartum cardiomyopathy. The cause-specific pregnancy-related mortality ratio was 0.88 per 100,000 live births. Mortality increased as maternal age increased. Black women were 6.4 times as likely to die from cardiomyopathy as white women. Among peripartum cardiomyopathy cases in which the interval from the end of pregnancy was known, 2% died undelivered, 48% died within 42 days of delivery, and 50% died between 43 days and 1 year postpartum. Conclusion: Cardiomyopathy accounts for an increasing proportion of reported pregnancy-related deaths, and the more than six-fold excess risk of death from cardiomyopathy among black women is larger than that for any other cause of death. The increased reporting of these deaths might be largely due to improved case ascertainment. Further studies are required to estimate the prevalence of cardiomyopathy and identify modifiable risk factors associated with these deaths and the reasons for this racial disparity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Whitehead, SJ (reprint author), CDC, HIV, POB 68, APO, AP 96546 USA. NR 19 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1326 EP 1331 DI 10.1016/j.obstetgynecol.2003.08.009 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 747NX UT WOS:000186811800018 PM 14662222 ER PT J AU Kohl, KS Markowitz, LE Koumans, EH AF Kohl, KS Markowitz, LE Koumans, EH TI Developments in the screening for Chlamydia trachomatis: a review SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; LIGASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; FAMILY-PLANNING CLINICS; DNA AMPLIFICATION ASSAYS; FIRST-VOID URINE; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; UNITED-STATES; GENITOURINARY SPECIMENS AB Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis infection remains an essential component of C trachomatis control. It is cost effective, most infections are asymptomatic, and symptom-based health care seeking and testing identify few infected individuals. Most studies and all guidelines recommend that all women aged < 25 be screened yearly for C trachomatis infection. The number of sex partners, new or more than one sex partners, and previous infection may serve as criteria for screening women aged > 25. Because re-infection rates are high and occur within a few months, ensuring that partners are treated and screening women four to six months after initial infection may further reduce complications. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Koumans, EH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 116 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0889-8545 J9 OBSTET GYN CLIN N AM JI Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. N. Am. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 30 IS 4 BP 637 EP + DI 10.1016/S0889-8545(03)00076-7 PG 23 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 757CM UT WOS:000187531300003 PM 14719842 ER PT J AU Hollier, LM Workowski, K AF Hollier, LM Workowski, K TI Treatment of sexually transmitted diseases in women SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; PREVENT PRETERM DELIVERY; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; GENITAL HERPES; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; PREGNANT-WOMEN; TRICHOMONAS-VAGINALIS; GARDNERELLA-VAGINALIS AB Guidelines for the treatment of patients with sexually transmitted infection are developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention after consultation with a group of professionals knowledgeable in the field. This article briefly introduces various infections, reviews new diagnostic information, and presents the latest guidelines for therapy. All recommended and alternative regimens are drawn from the most recent treatment guidelines. Although this article focuses primarily on therapy, it also emphasizes the importance of counseling and prevention. Clinicians have the opportunity and obligation to provide education and counseling to patients. Prevention messages should be tailored to the individual patient with consideration given to her specific risk behaviors. C1 Univ Texas, Houston Med Ctr, Lyndon B Johnson Gen Hosp, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Houston, TX 77026 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hollier, LM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Houston Med Ctr, Lyndon B Johnson Gen Hosp, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, 5656 Kelley St, Houston, TX 77026 USA. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0889-8545 J9 OBSTET GYN CLIN N AM JI Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. N. Am. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 30 IS 4 BP 751 EP + DI 10.1016/S0889-8545(03)00087-1 PG 27 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 757CM UT WOS:000187531300010 PM 14719849 ER PT J AU Whelan, EA Lawson, CC Grajewski, B Petersen, MR Pinkerton, LE Ward, EM Schnorr, TM AF Whelan, EA Lawson, CC Grajewski, B Petersen, MR Pinkerton, LE Ward, EM Schnorr, TM TI Prevalence of respiratory symptoms among female flight attendants and teachers SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; OFFICE BUILDINGS; AIR-QUALITY; AIRCRAFT; WORKERS; ASTHMA; HEALTH AB Background: Potential health effects of the indoor environment in office buildings and aircraft have generated considerable concern in recent years. Aims: To analyse the prevalence of self reported respiratory symptoms and illnesses in flight attendants (FAs) and schoolteachers. Methods: Data were collected as part of a study of reproductive health among female FAs. The prevalences of work related eye, nose, and throat symptoms, wheezing, physician diagnosed asthma, chest illness, and cold or flu were calculated and stratified by smoking status in 1824 FAs and 331 schoolteachers. Results: FAs and teachers were significantly more likely to report work related eye (12.4% and 7.4%, respectively), nose (15.7% and 8.1%), and throat symptoms (7.5% and 5.7%) than were other working women (2.9% eye, 2.7% nose, and 1.3% throat symptoms). FAs were significantly more likely than teachers and referent working women to report chest illness during the prior three years (32.9%, 19.3%, 7.2%, respectively). Both study groups were more likely to report five or more episodes of cold or flu in the past year than were other working women (10.2% of FAs, 8.2% of teachers, 2.3% of referents), and both groups were more likely to report wheezing than other working women (22.8% of FAs, 28.4% of teachers, 16.4% of referents). FAs were significantly less likely than teachers and other working women to report ever having been diagnosed with asthma ( 8.2%, 13.3%, 11.8%, respectively). Conclusions: Overall, FAs and schoolteachers report a higher prevalence of work related upper respiratory symptoms, chest illness, and cold or flu than the general working population. C1 NIOSH, Industrywide Studies Branch, DSHEFS, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Whelan, EA (reprint author), NIOSH, Industrywide Studies Branch, DSHEFS, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 60 IS 12 BP 929 EP 934 DI 10.1136/oem.60.12.929 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 746KQ UT WOS:000186745900005 PM 14634183 ER PT J AU Ellepola, ANB Hurst, SF Elie, CM Morrison, CJ AF Ellepola, ANB Hurst, SF Elie, CM Morrison, CJ TI Rapid and unequivocal differentiation of Candida dubliniensis from other Candida species using species-specific DNA probes: comparison with phenotypic identification methods SO ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Candida dubliniensis; DNA probes; PCR-EIA ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CHROMAGAR CANDIDA; INFECTED PATIENTS; IN-VITRO; FLUCONAZOLE-RESISTANT; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; ALBICANS STRAINS; NORTH-AMERICA; ORAL CAVITIES; UNITED-STATES AB Candida dubliniensis is a recently described opportunistic pathogen which shares many phenotypic characteristics with Candida albicans but which has been reported to rapidly acquire resistance to azole antifungal drugs. Therefore, differentiation of C. dubliniensis from C. albicans becomes important to better understand the clinical significance and epidemiologic role of C. dubliniensis in candidiasis. We compared phenotypic methods for the differentiation of C. dubliniensis from C. albicans (i.e. the ability to grow at elevated temperatures, colony color on CHROMagar Candida medium, and carbohydrate assimilation patterns) to amplify the results of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using universal fungal primers to the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of rDNA and species-specific DNA probes in an enzyme immunoassay format (PCR-EIA). DNA sequencing of the ITS1 rDNA region was also conducted. The C. dubliniensis ITS2 probe correctly identified all C. dubliniensis isolates without cross-reaction with any other Candida species tested (mean A(650 nm)+/- SE, C. dubliniensis probe with C. dubliniensis DNA, 0.372 +/- 0.01, n = 22; C. dubliniensis probe with other Candida species DNA, 0.001 +/- 0.02 n = 16, P < 0.001). All other Candida species tested (C. albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis) were also correctly identified by the PCR-EIA without any detectable cross-reactions among species. Phenotypically, C. dubliniensis isolates demonstrated an increased sensitivity to heat compared to C. albicans isolates. At 42degreesC, only 50% of C. dubliniensis isolates grew compared to 73% of C. albicans isolates and, at 45degreesC, 91% of C. dubliniensis isolates failed to grow compared to 64% of C. albicans isolates. C. albicans was more likely to demonstrate a dark green or blue green colony color on CHROMagar Candida medium obtained from Becton Dickinson (i.e. 100% of C. albicans isolates were dark green or blue green versus 64% of C. dubliniensis isolates) whereas no difference in the percentage of C. albicans or C. dubliniensis isolates producing dark green or blue green colony color was detected using CHROMagar Candida medium from Hardy Diagnostics (82% for both species). The API 20C AUX carbohydrate assimilation system incorrectly identified C. dubliniensis as C. albicans in all but three cases: remaining isolates were misidentified as C. albicans/C. tropicalis, C. tropicalis/C. albicans, and Candida lusitaniae/C. albicans. In all, 82% of C. albicans isolates and 100% of C. dubliniensis isolates assimilated trehalose; the latter finding was opposite to that reported for C. dubliniensis in the API 20C AUX profile index. Xylose and alpha-methyl-d-glucoside assimilation, respectively, were negative for 100 and 95% of C. dubliniensis isolates and positive for 100 and 91% of C. albicans isolates, confirming earlier reports that assimilation results for xylose and alpha-methyl-d-glucoside may be helpful in the discrimination of these two species. However, conventional phenotypic species identification tests required days for completion, whereas the PCR-EIA could be completed in a matter of hours. In addition, identification of Candida species by ITS1 rDNA sequencing gave 100% correspondence to the results obtained by the PCR-EIA, confirming the specificity of the PCR-EIA method. These data indicate that although a combination of phenotypic methods may help differentiate C. dubliniensis from C. albicans to some extent, the PCR-EIA can provide a simple, rapid, and unequivocal identification of the most medically important Candida species in a single test. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Peradeniya, Fac Dent Sci, Dept Oral Med & Periodontol, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. RP Morrison, CJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 53 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0902-0055 J9 ORAL MICROBIOL IMMUN JI Oral Microbiol. Immunol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 18 IS 6 BP 379 EP 388 DI 10.1046/j.0902-0055.2003.00103.x PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Immunology; Microbiology SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Immunology; Microbiology GA 736JU UT WOS:000186168300006 PM 14622344 ER PT J AU Saitoh, A Beall, B Nizet, V AF Saitoh, A Beall, B Nizet, V TI Fulminant bacterial meningitis complicating sphenoid sinusitis SO PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY CARE LA English DT Article DE sphenoid sinus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; sinusitis; Streptococcus pyogenes; meningitis ID INTRACRANIAL COMPLICATIONS; CHILDREN; DISEASE C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Div Pediat Infect Dis, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nizet, V (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Pediat Infect Dis, MC 0687, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0749-5161 J9 PEDIATR EMERG CARE JI Pediatr. Emerg. Care PD DEC PY 2003 VL 19 IS 6 BP 415 EP 417 DI 10.1097/01.pec.0000101584.65509.4b PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine; Pediatrics SC Emergency Medicine; Pediatrics GA 755FQ UT WOS:000187393200008 PM 14676492 ER PT J AU Schuchat, A AF Schuchat, A TI Impact of intrapartum chemoprophylaxis on neonatal sepsis SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID B-STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE; EARLY-ONSET SEPSIS; ANTIBIOTIC-PROPHYLAXIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PREVENTION; PATHOGENS; AMPICILLIN; RESISTANCE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schuchat, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1087 EP 1088 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000104181.42070.9f PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 755FY UT WOS:000187393900012 PM 14688571 ER PT J AU Arias, E MacDorman, MF Strobino, DM Guyer, B AF Arias, E MacDorman, MF Strobino, DM Guyer, B TI Annual summary of vital statistics - 2002 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE birth; birth weight-specific mortality; death; infant mortality; low birth weight; mortality; multiple births; vital statistics; revised populations ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; INFANT SLEEP POSITION; DEATH-SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; PRENATAL-CARE; TRENDS; RISK; PREGNANCY; DELIVERY; SMOKING AB The crude birth rate in 2002 was 13.9 births per 1000 population, the lowest ever reported for the United States. The number of births, the crude birth rate, and the fertility rate (64.8) all declined slightly ( by 1% or less) from 2001 to 2002. Fertility rates were highest for Hispanic women (94.0), followed by black (65.4), Asian or Pacific Islander (63.9), Native American (58.0), and non-Hispanic white women (57.5). Fertility rates declined slightly for all race/ethnic groups from 2001 to 2002. The birth rate for teen mothers continued to fall, dropping 5% from 2001 to 2002 to 42.9 births per 1000 women aged 15 to 19 years, another record low. The teen birth rate has fallen 31% since 1991; declines were more rapid for younger teens aged 15 to 17 (40%) than for older teens aged 18 to 19 (23%). The proportion of all births to unmarried women remained approximately the same at one third. Smoking during pregnancy continued to decline; smoking rates were highest among teen mothers. In 2002, 26.1% of births were delivered by cesarean section, up 7% since 2001 and 26% since 1996. The primary cesarean rate has risen 23% since 1996, whereas the rate of vaginal birth after a previous cesarean delivery has fallen 55%. The use of timely prenatal care increased slightly to 83.8% in 2002. From 1990 to 2002, the use of timely prenatal care increased by 6% ( to 88.7%) for non-Hispanic white women, by 24% ( to 75.2%) for black women, and by 28% ( to 76.8%) for Hispanic women, thus narrowing racial disparities. The percentage of preterm births rose to 12.0% in 2002, from 10.6% in 1990 and 9.4% in 1981. Increases were largest for non-Hispanic white women. The percentage of low birth weight ( LBW) births also increased to 7.8% in 2002, up from 6.7% in 1984. Twin and triplet/+ birth rates both increased by 3% from 2000 to 2001. Multiple births accounted for 3.2% of all births in 2001. The infant mortality rate (IMR) was 6.9 per 1000 live births ( provisional data) in 2002 compared with 6.8 in 2001 ( final data). The ratio of the IMR among black infants to that for white infants was 2.5 in 2001, the same as in 2000. Racial differences in infant mortality remain a major public health concern. The role of LBW in infant mortality remains a major issue. New Hampshire, Utah, and Massachusetts had the lowest IMRs. State-by-state differences in IMR reflect racial composition, the percentage of LBW, and birth weight - specific neonatal mortality rates for each state. The United States continues to rank poorly in international comparisons of infant mortality. Expectation of life at birth reached a record high of 77.2 years for all sex and race groups combined in 2001. Death rates in the United States continue to decline. Between 2000 and 2001, death rates declined for the 3 leading causes of death: diseases of the heart, malignant neoplasms, and cerebrovascular diseases. Death rates for children ages 1 to 19 years decreased for unintentional injuries by 3.3% in 2001; the death rate for chronic lower respiratory diseases decreased by 25% in 2001. Cancer and suicide levels did not change for children ages 1 to 19. A large proportion of childhood deaths continue to occur as a result of preventable injuries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat & Family Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Arias, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 7318, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 55 TC 219 Z9 227 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2003 VL 112 IS 6 BP 1215 EP 1230 DI 10.1542/peds.112.6.1215 PG 16 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 749YK UT WOS:000186957500001 PM 14654589 ER PT J AU Bernard, SM McGeehin, MA AF Bernard, SM McGeehin, MA TI Prevalence of blood lead levels >= 5 mu g/dL among US children 1 to 5 years of age and socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with blood of lead levels 5 to 10 mu g/dL, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE lead; child; prevalence; environment; NHANES III ID SURVEY NHANES-III; CITY; POPULATION; EXPOSURE; MEXICO; BONE AB Objectives. As part of an investigation into the impact of a potential revision in federal childhood lead poisoning prevention policy that would result in screening children for blood lead levels (BLLs) greater than or equal to 5 mug/dL rather than the current 10 mug/dL, we analyzed the most recent available, nationally representative data to identify prevalence of BLLs greater than or equal to 5 mug/dL and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of 1- to 5-year-old children with BLLs > 5 but < 10 μg/dL. Methods. We performed statistical analyses on data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) (1988 - 1994) to describe trends in BLLs &GE; 5 μg/dL overall and among subpopulations of children < 6 years old and to compare risk factors for falling within 1 of 3 groups of children ( those with BLLs greater than or equal to 5 but < 10 μg/ dL; &GE; 10 but < 20 mug/ dL; and greater than or equal to 20 mug/dL) using the group reported as 0.7 to < 5 μg/dL as the referent. Results. Overall prevalence of BLLs &GE; 5 μg/dL among 1- to 5-year-old children was 25.6%, although most ( 76%) of these children had BLLs < 10 mug/ dL. Children with BLLs greater than or equal to 5 mug/ dL included 46.8% of non- Hispanic black children, 27.9% of Mexican American children, and 18.7% of non- Hispanic white children; 42.5% of children in housing built before 1946, 38.9% of children in housing built between 1946 and 1973, and 14.1% of children in housing built after 1973 had BLLs > 5 greater than or equal to mug/ dL. Compared with non- Hispanic white children, non- Hispanic black children were 3 times more likely to have a BLL greater than or equal to 5 but < 10 μg/dL, 7 times more likely to have a BLL of 10 - 20 μg/dL, and 13.5 times more likely to have a BLL &GE; 20 μg/dL. Similar increases in the association between risk factor and BLL were seen with respect to other known risk factors including age of housing, region of the country, and poverty. Conclusions. The high prevalence of BLLs &GE; 5 μg/dL overall and within US subpopulations will be an important variable in any change in screening and intervention criteria. However, most children with BLLs &GE; 5 μg/dL are below the current intervention level of 10 μg/dL. Exposure to lead from multiple sources is suggested by the prevalence of BLLs &GE; 5 μg/ dL but < 10 mug/dL among children with uncertain risk factors. The probable presence of one or more known risk factors for childhood lead poisoning increases as BLL increases. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bernard, SM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 615 N Wolf St,Ste 7041, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 31 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2003 VL 112 IS 6 BP 1308 EP 1313 DI 10.1542/peds.112.6.1308 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 749YK UT WOS:000186957500014 PM 14654602 ER PT J AU Abramson, JS Baker, CJ Baltimore, RS Bocchini, JA Long, SS McMillan, JA Meissner, HC Powell, KR Prober, CG Rennels, MB Saari, TN Weiner, LB Blackmon, L Batton, DG Bell, EF Denson, SE Engle, WA Kanto, WP Martin, GI Stark, AR AF Abramson, JS Baker, CJ Baltimore, RS Bocchini, JA Long, SS McMillan, JA Meissner, HC Powell, KR Prober, CG Rennels, MB Saari, TN Weiner, LB Blackmon, L Batton, DG Bell, EF Denson, SE Engle, WA Kanto, WP Martin, GI Stark, AR CA Comm Infect Dis Comm Fetus Newborn TI Revised indications for the use of Palivizumab and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immune Globulin Intravenous for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article AB Palivizumab and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immune Globulin Intravenous ( RSV- IGIV) are licensed by the Food and Drug Administration for use in preventing severe lower respiratory tract infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV) in high- risk infants, children younger than 24 months with chronic lung disease ( formerly called bronchopulmonary dysplasia), and certain preterm infants. This statement provides revised recommendations for administering RSV prophylaxis to infants and children with congenital heart disease, for identifying infants with a history of preterm birth and chronic lung disease who are most likely to benefit from immunoprophylaxis, and for reducing the risk of RSV exposure and infection in high- risk children. On the basis of results of a recently completed clinical trial, prophylaxis with palivizumab is appropriate for infants and young children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. RSV- IGIV should not be used in children with hemodynamically significant heart disease. Palivizumab is preferred for most high-risk infants and children because of ease of intramuscular administration. Monthly administration of palivizumab during the RSV season results in a 45% to 55% decrease in the rate of hospitalization attributable to RSV. Because of the large number of infants born after 32 to 35 weeks' gestation and because of the high cost, immunoprophylaxis should be considered for this category of preterm infants only if 2 or more risk factors are present. High- risk infants should not attend child care during the RSV season when feasible, and exposure to tobacco smoke should be eliminated. C1 Amer Acad Pediat, Comm Infect Dis, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Vaccine Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Amer Acad Pediat, Infect Dis Sect, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. Amer Acad Family Phys, Leawood, KS 66211 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Amer Thorac Soc, New York, NY 10019 USA. Amer Acad Pediat, Comm Fetus & Newborn, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Washington, DC 20090 USA. Natl Assoc Neonatal Nurses, Glenview, IL 60025 USA. RP Abramson, JS (reprint author), Amer Acad Pediat, Comm Infect Dis, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 USA. NR 5 TC 122 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2003 VL 112 IS 6 BP 1442 EP 1446 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 749YK UT WOS:000186957500039 ER PT J AU Basak, SC Mills, D Hawkins, DM El-Masri, HA AF Basak, SC Mills, D Hawkins, DM El-Masri, HA TI Prediction of human blood: Air partition coefficient: A comparison of structure-based and property-based methods SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE blood : air partition coefficient; PBPK model; quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model; ridge regression; theoretical molecular descriptors ID TOPOLOGICAL INDEXES; ELECTROTOPOLOGICAL STATE; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MOLECULAR GRAPHS; REGRESSION; INFORMATION; CHEMICALS; ALGORITHM; WATER; QSAR AB In recent years, there has been increased interest in the development and use of quantitative structure-activity/property relationship (QSAR/QSPR) models. For the most part, this is due to the fact that experimental data is sparse and obtaining such data is costly, while theoretical structural descriptors can be obtained quickly and inexpensively. In this study, three linear regression methods, viz. principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares (PLS), and ridge regression (RR), were used to develop QSPR models for the estimation of human blood:air partition coefficient (logP(blood:air)) for a group of 31 diverse low-molecular weight volatile chemicals from their computed molecular descriptors. In general, RR was found to be superior to PCR or PLS. Comparisons were made between models developed using parameters based solely on molecular structure and linear regression (LR) models developed using experimental properties, including saline:air partition coefficient (logP(saline:air)) and olive oil:air partition coefficient (logP(olive oil:air)), as independent variables, indicating that the structure-property correlations are comparable to the property-property correlations. The best models, however, were those that used rat logP(blood:air) as the independent variable. Haloalkane subgroups were modeled separately for comparative purposes and, although models based on the congeneric compounds were superior, the models developed on the complete set of diverse compounds were of acceptable quality. The structural descriptors were placed into one of three classes based on level of complexity: topostructural (TS), topochemical (TC), or three-dimensional/geometrical (3D). Modeling was performed using the structural descriptor classes both in a hierarchical fashion and separately. The results indicate that highest quality structure-based models, in terms of descriptor classes, were those derived using TC descriptors. C1 Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Stat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Computat Toxicol Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Basak, SC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, 5013 Miller Trunk Hwy, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. NR 44 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1173 EP 1184 DI 10.1111/j.0272-4332.2003.00390.x PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 757AY UT WOS:000187527700005 PM 14641892 ER PT J AU Hammer, GP Kellogg, TA McFarland, WC Wong, E Louie, B Williams, I Dilley, J Page-Shafer, K Klausner, JD AF Hammer, GP Kellogg, TA McFarland, WC Wong, E Louie, B Williams, I Dilley, J Page-Shafer, K Klausner, JD TI Low incidence and prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among sexually active non-intravenous drug-using adults, San Francisco, 1997-2000 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HOMOSEXUAL MEN; TRANSMITTED DISEASES; RISK-FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; HIV; CLINICS; COHORT; INDIVIDUALS; BALTIMORE AB Background. The rate of sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is debated. Goal: The goal was to measure the risk of sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a sexually active population. Study Design: Sexual behaviors and HCV antibody status were measured in persons seeking repeat HIV testing in San Francisco from October 1997 through March 2000. Results: Among 981 repeat testers, the prevalence of HCV antibody was 2.5%. Among men who have sex with men who denied intravenous drug use (n = 746), factors associated with HCV antibody positivity include age greater than 50 years (odds ratio [OR], 8.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6-27.7), HIV infection (OR, 5.7; 95% CI, 1.6-20.6), and being nonwhite, (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.1-10.0). HCV antibody positivity was not associated with sexual risk behaviors. In 576.6 person-years of observation, no new HCV seroconversions occurred (incidence = 0 per 100 person-year; 95% CI, 0-.6), whereas 6 new herpes simplex virus-2 infections (2.8 per 100 person-years) and 10 new HIV infections (1.8 per 100 person-years) occurred. Conclusion: The absence of new HCV infections in this sample supports the hypothesis that the risk of sexual transmission of HCV is low. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Epidemiol Prevent & Intervent Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hepatitis, NCID, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, AIDS Hlth Project, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Hammer, GP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Epidemiol Prevent & Intervent Ctr, Box 1347, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. OI Page, Kimberly/0000-0002-7120-1673 NR 40 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 30 IS 12 BP 919 EP 924 DI 10.1097/01.OLQ.0000091152.31366.E6 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 750DL UT WOS:000186976000012 PM 14646642 ER PT J AU Solomon, L Cannon, MJ Reyes, M Graber, JM Wetherall, NT Reeves, WC AF Solomon, L Cannon, MJ Reyes, M Graber, JM Wetherall, NT Reeves, WC CA Task Force Herpes Simplex Virus Re TI Epidemiology of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID SIMPLEX-VIRUS TYPE-1; NATURAL-HISTORY; HERPES; INFECTIONS AB Objectives: To describe the epidemiology of type specific recurrent genital herpes, and to compare the duration of recurrent genital lesions caused by herpes simplex virus ( HSV) types 1 and 2. Methods: Participants were enrolled at clinics across the United States. Adults suspected of having active genital herpes were eligible. Lesions were cultured for HSV and typed. Data from 940 participants with recurrent culture positive HSV lesions were analysed. Pearson's chi(2) and Fisher's exact tests, multivariate logistic regression models, and a stratified Cox proportional hazards model were used to compare epidemiological characteristics and lesion duration of HSV- 1 and HSV- 2. Results: HSV- 1 was present in 4.2% of the recurrent HSV culture positive lesions. HSV- 1 was most prevalent among whites ( 6.5%) and individuals with 0 - 2 recurrences in the previous year ( 9.1%) and, among men, in those with rectal/ perirectal lesions ( 13.2%). Longer lesion duration was not significantly associated with virus type ( hazard ratio ( HR) 0.95, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 0.65 to 1.38, p = 0.79), but was associated with male sex ( HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.99, p = 0.04), and HIV seropositivity ( HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.81, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The authors found that, in the United States, recurrent genital HSV- 1 is relatively rare in the STD and HIV clinic setting, especially among black people. Among men, rectal/ perirectal recurrent lesions are more likely to be caused by HSV- 1 than are penile lesions. In addition, lesion duration depends on sex and HIV status but not virus type. These findings shed new light on the type specific epidemiology of recurrent genital HSV, and suggest that type specific testing can inform the prognosis and management of genital herpes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ViroMed Labs Inc, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Reeves, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop A-15,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 NR 13 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 79 IS 6 BP 456 EP 459 DI 10.1136/sti.79.6.456 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 751LX UT WOS:000187069500008 PM 14663120 ER PT J AU Ickovics, JR Niccolai, LM Lewis, JB Kershaw, TS Ethier, KA AF Ickovics, JR Niccolai, LM Lewis, JB Kershaw, TS Ethier, KA TI High postpartum rates of sexually transmitted infections among teens: pregnancy as a window of opportunity for prevention SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; CONTRACEPTION; FEMALES; WOMEN AB Objectives: To identify incidence and predictors of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae among postpartum adolescents. These estimates are compared to similar estimates among a cohort of non- pregnant, sexually active teens. Methods: 203 pregnant and 208 non- pregnant adolescents aged 14 - 19 years were recruited from 10 community based health clinics in Connecticut, United States. Structured interviews and sexually transmitted infection ( STI) testing using ligase chain reaction ( LCR) were conducted at a baseline visit ( during the third trimester for the pregnant adolescents), and at 6 and 12 month follow up visits ( 3 and 9 months post partum, for those pregnant at baseline). Results: Among pregnant teens, new infections of C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae increased from 7.1% at the 6 month follow up interview to 14.3% at the 12 month follow up interview; among non- pregnant teens, new infections remained relatively stable over the 6 and 12 month follow up interviews ( 9.0% to 8.3%) ( group by time interaction, p = 0.005). C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae prevalence was 1.9 times higher ( 95% CI: 0.97 to 3.89, p = 0.06) among teens in the late postpartum follow up compared to the non- pregnant teens, controlling for baseline STIs. Predictors of postpartum STIs included having a new partner and number of partners per year of sexual activity. Conclusions: Postpartum adolescents are vulnerable to STIs. Routine prenatal and postpartum care provide unique opportunities to promote condom use and other risk reduction interventions among adolescents. If sustained post partum, long term reproductive health can be promoted. C1 Yale Univ, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res AIDS, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ickovics, JR (reprint author), Yale Univ, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res AIDS, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 135 Coll St,Suite 323, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [P01 MH/DA56826-01A1, T32 MH20031-02] NR 18 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 79 IS 6 BP 469 EP 473 DI 10.1136/sti.79.6.469 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 751LX UT WOS:000187069500011 PM 14663123 ER PT J AU Herrington, JE AF Herrington, JE TI Pre-west nile virus outbreak: Perceptions and practices to prevent mosquito bites and viral encephalitis in the United States SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE mosquitoes; west nile virus; encephalitis; vector-borne; DEET; insect repellent; risk perceptions ID AEDES MOSQUITOS; EFFICACY; POPULATIONS; REPELLENTS; CLINICIAN; BEHAVIOR; DISEASES AB Mosquitoes can transmit over 100 of the viruses that can cause encephalitis, meningitis, and hemorrhagic disease in humans (Chin 2000; Gubler 1996; Monath 1989). While much is known about the ecology, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of the arboviral encephalitides (Campbell et al. 2002; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1997; Gubler 1998; Hayes 1989; Hubalek and Halouzka 1999), little empirical research exists regarding the U.S. population's knowledge of mosquitoes and arboviral encephalitis, particularly prior to the U.S. outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) in 1999. A nationally representative 55-item survey instrument was successfully administered to 1,500 adults in the United States and an additional 250 adults in six states in the Northeast (Connecticut, Delaware, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island) regarding mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viral encephalitis. A summary outcome measure for mosquito bite prevention was created. Analyses revealed that the following were statistically significant predictors of behaviors taken to prevent mosquito bites: being concerned about being bitten by mosquitoes, perceived effectiveness of staying indoors in late afternoon and early evening was protective, perceived effectiveness that mosquito repellent is not harmful to health, owning dogs and/or cats as pets, being married, and being greater than or equal to18-44 years old. Being concerned about being bitten by mosquitoes was the most robust predictor of behavioral action to prevent mosquito bites (OR = 7.3; 95% CI = 4.3, 12.2). Observed misperceptions and inadequate knowledge regarding insect repellents suggest increased promotion of the safety and efficacy of DEET-containing insect repellents is warranted. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Gloal Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Herrington, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Gloal Hlth, Mailstop D-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jherrington@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [98FED12002] NR 56 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 16 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 3 IS 4 BP 157 EP 173 DI 10.1089/153036603322662156 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 802OC UT WOS:000220171800001 PM 14733669 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Salas, I Contreras-Cordero, C Blitvich, BJ Gonzalez-Rojas, JI Cavazos-Alvarez, A Marlenee, NL Elizondo-Quiroga, A Lorono-Pino, MA Gubler, DJ Cropp, BC Calisher, CH Beaty, BJ AF Fernandez-Salas, I Contreras-Cordero, C Blitvich, BJ Gonzalez-Rojas, JI Cavazos-Alvarez, A Marlenee, NL Elizondo-Quiroga, A Lorono-Pino, MA Gubler, DJ Cropp, BC Calisher, CH Beaty, BJ TI Serologic evidence of West Nile virus infection in birds, Tamaulipas State, Mexico SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; flavivirus; Mexico; bird; surveillance ID HORSES AB Following the introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into North America in 1999, surveillance for WNV in migratory and resident birds was established in Tamaulipas State, northern Mexico in December 2001. Overall, 796 birds representing 70 species and 10 orders were captured and assayed for antibodies to WNV. Nine birds had flavivirus-specific antibodies by epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; four were confirmed to have antibody to WNV by plaque reduction neutralization test. The WNV-infected birds were a house wren, mourning dove, verdin and Bewick's wren. The house wren is a migratory species; the other WNV-infected birds are presumably residents. The WNV-infected birds were all captured in March 2003. These data provide the first indirect evidence of WNV transmission among birds in northern Mexico. C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Beaty, BJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM bbeaty@colostate.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI45430]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U50 CCU820510] NR 18 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 3 IS 4 BP 209 EP 213 DI 10.1089/153036603322662192 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 802OC UT WOS:000220171800005 PM 14733673 ER PT J AU Komnenou, A Egyed, Z Sreter, T Eberhard, ML AF Komnenou, A Egyed, Z Sreter, T Eberhard, ML TI Canine onchocercosis in Greece: report of further 20 cases and molecular characterization of the parasite and its Wolbachia endosymbiont SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Onchocerca sp.; Wolbachia sp.; dog; clinical signs; DNA sequences; Greece ID OCULAR ONCHOCERCOSIS; ZOONOTIC ONCHOCERCA; FILARIAL NEMATODES; ABERRANT INFECTION; DOGS; LUPI; HOST AB Recently, sporadic cases of subconjunctival Onchocerca infection have been reported in dogs in Greece and Hungary. Herein we report further cases from Greece and the results of the molecular analysis of Onchocerca sp. removed from Greek dogs and its Wolbachia endosymbionts. Twenty dogs of various breeds, 1-11 years of age with subconjunctival onchocercosis (4 cases each in right or left eye, 12 cases in both eyes) were presented having similar manifestations. Periorbital swelling, exophthalmos, lacrimation, discharge, photophobia, conjunctival congestion, corneal edema, protrusion of the nictitating membrane, and subconjunctival granuloma or cyst formation were the most important clinical signs. After surgical excision of the periocular masses containing the worms, all animals recovered fully from onchocercosis. Based on the similarities of the clinical picture of the Greek and Hungarian cases, the similar morphology of the Greek and Hungarian isolates, and the identical sequences of the cytochrome oxidase gene of the filarial parasites and that of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene from their Wolbachia endosymbionts, the Onchocerca sp. isolated from dogs in Greece and Hungary appears to belong to the same species. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cent Vet Inst, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, H-1149 Budapest, Hungary. Cent Vet Inst, Dept Wildlife Dis & Parasitol, H-1149 Budapest, Hungary. Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Fac Med Vet, Surg Clin, Thessaloniki 54627, Greece. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sreter, T (reprint author), Cent Vet Inst, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Tabonok 2, H-1149 Budapest, Hungary. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2003.09.007 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 755HR UT WOS:000187397900016 PM 14651884 ER PT J AU Perkins, DJ Moore, JM Otieno, J Shi, YP Nahlen, BL Udhayakumar, V Lal, AA AF Perkins, DJ Moore, JM Otieno, J Shi, YP Nahlen, BL Udhayakumar, V Lal, AA TI In vivo acquisition of hemozoin by placental blood mononuclear cells suppresses PGE(2), TNF-alpha, and IL-10 SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE malaria; prostaglandins; cytokines; effector molecules; PGE(2); TNF-alpha; IL-10; hemozoin; placenta; human ID INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION; MALARIAL PIGMENT; DEFICIENT MICE; PREGNANCY; CYCLOOXYGENASES; HAEMOZOIN; IMMUNITY; GAMMA AB In areas of high malaria endemicity, women have increased susceptibility to malaria during pregnancy characterized by placental parasitemia. Our previous studies in children with malaria demonstrate that suppression of leukocyte-derived prostaglandin-E-2 (PGE(2)) is associated with enhanced pathogenesis. To examine the role of PGE(2) as an immunoregulatory molecule in placental malaria, PGE(2) was determined in cultured intervillous blood mononuclear cells (IVBMCs) from aparasitemic and parasitemic women. PGE(2) was significantly lower in parasitemic women at all gravidities. Women with a positive antenatal peripheral parasitemia who were negative for placental malaria (PM) at term produced the highest PGE(2) levels. Suppression of PGE(2) was associated with increasing amounts of hemozoin (malarial pigment) acquired during the natural infection. PGE(2) regulatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-10, were non-significantly increased in IVBMC containing an intermediate amount of hemozoin and significantly suppressed in IVBMC with high levels of hemozoin. Results presented here show that in vivo acquisition of high levels of hemozoin by IVBMC leads to decreased synthesis of PGE(2), IL-10, and TNF-alpha. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Infect Dis & Microbiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Parasitol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. New Nyanza Provincial Gen Hosp, Kisumu, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Res Control, Kisian, Kenya. World Hlth Org, Rollback Malaria Program, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Perkins, DJ (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Infect Dis & Microbiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-07217] NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD NOV 28 PY 2003 VL 311 IS 4 BP 839 EP 846 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.10.073 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 747KP UT WOS:000186803900007 PM 14623257 ER PT J AU Weigel, LM Clewell, DB Gill, SR Clark, NC McDougal, LK Flannagan, SE Kolonay, JF Shetty, J Killgore, GE Tenover, FC AF Weigel, LM Clewell, DB Gill, SR Clark, NC McDougal, LK Flannagan, SE Kolonay, JF Shetty, J Killgore, GE Tenover, FC TI Genetic analysis of a high-level vancomycin-resistant isolate of Staphylococcus aureus SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM BM4147; GLYCOPEPTIDE RESISTANCE; CELL-WALL; HOSPITALS; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; PLASMIDS; VANA AB Vancomycin is usually reserved for treatment of serious infections, including those caused by multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. A clinical isolate of S. aureus with high-level resistance to vancomycin ( minimal inhibitory concentration = 1024 mug/ml) was isolated in June 2002. This isolate harbored a 57.9-kilobase multiresistance conjugative plasmid within which Tn1546 (vanA) was integrated. Additional elements on the plasmid encoded resistance to trimethoprim (dfrA), beta-lactams (blaZ), aminoglycosides (aacA-aphD), and disinfectants ( qacC). Genetic analyses suggest that the long-anticipated transfer of vancomycin resistance to a methicillin-resistant S. aureus occurred in vivo by interspecies transfer of Tn1546 from a co-isolate of Enterococcus faecalis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Dent, Dept Biol & Mat Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. J Craig Center Sci Fdn Joint Technol Ctr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Weigel, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-95359] NR 21 TC 460 Z9 495 U1 7 U2 45 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 28 PY 2003 VL 302 IS 5650 BP 1569 EP 1571 DI 10.1126/science.1090956 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 747JV UT WOS:000186802200045 PM 14645850 ER PT J AU Wortley, PM Jain, N AF Wortley, PM Jain, N TI Public health and aging: Influenza vaccination coverage among adults aged >= 50 years and pneumococcal vaccination coverage among adults aged >= 65 years - United States, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 987-992, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wortley, PM (reprint author), CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 26 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 20 BP 2656 EP 2657 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 747CR UT WOS:000186788100007 ER PT J AU Kocher, KE Dellinger, AM AF Kocher, KE Dellinger, AM TI Public health and aging: Nonfatal injuries among older adults treated in hospital emergency departments - United States, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 1019-1022, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Emergency Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kocher, KE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Emergency Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Kocher, Keith/A-7834-2013 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 26 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 20 BP 2657 EP 2658 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 747CR UT WOS:000186788100008 ER PT J AU Varma, JK Greene, KD Reller, ME DeLong, SM Trottier, J Nowicki, SF DiOrio, M Koch, EM Bannerman, TL York, ST Lambert-Fair, MA Wells, JG Mead, PS AF Varma, JK Greene, KD Reller, ME DeLong, SM Trottier, J Nowicki, SF DiOrio, M Koch, EM Bannerman, TL York, ST Lambert-Fair, MA Wells, JG Mead, PS TI An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 infection following exposure to a contaminated building SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DAIRY FARM FAMILIES; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; SURVIVAL; CONTACT AB Context Infection with Escherichia coli O157 causes an estimated 70000 diarrheal illnesses per year in the United States and can result in hemolytic-uremic syndrome and death. Environmental contamination with E coli O157 may be a public health problem. Objectives To determine risk factors for E coli O157 infection during an outbreak investigation at a county fair and to evaluate environmental contamination as a possible cause of the outbreak. Design, Setting, and Participants Case-control study of 23 patients (median age, 15 years) and 53 age-matched controls who had attended the Lorain County, Ohio, fair between August 20 and August 26, 2001. Case-patients had laboratory-confirmed E coli O157 infection, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, or bloody diarrhea within 7 days of attending the fair; controls attended the fair and did not have diarrhea. Main Outcome Measures Risk factors for infection and isolates of E coli O157 from environmental specimens. Results Six (26%) case-patients were hospitalized and 2 (9%) developed hemolyticuremic syndrome. Case-patients were more likely than controls to have visited building A (a multipurpose community facility on the fairgrounds; matched odds ratio [MOR], 21.4 [95% confidence interval {CI), 2.7-170.7]). Among visitors to building A, illness was independently associated with attending a dance in the building (MOR, 7.5; 95% CI, 1.4-41.2), handling sawdust from the floor (MOR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.1-20.0), or eating and/or drinking in the building (MOR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.2-16.6). Twenty-four (44%) of 54 specimens collected from building A 6 weeks after the fair grew Shiga toxin-producing E coli O157. Isolates from sawdust, the rafters, and other surfaces were identical by molecular fingerprinting to patient isolates. Sawdust specimens collected 42 weeks after the fair also grew the same E coli O157 strain. Conclusions Absence of evidence implicating specific food or beverage sources and the recovery of E coli O157 from the rafters suggest that airborne dispersion of bacteria contributed to the contamination. Because E coli O157 can survive in the environment for more than 10 months, humans may be at risk of infection long after an environment is initially contaminated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Food & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Elyria, OH USA. RP Varma, JK (reprint author), CDC HIV, TB Prevent & Control Sect, Box 68,Amer Embassy, APO, AP 96546 USA. RI Bannerman, Tammy/E-2694-2011 NR 22 TC 89 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 26 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 20 BP 2709 EP 2712 DI 10.1001/jama.290.20.2709 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 747CR UT WOS:000186788100023 PM 14645313 ER PT J AU Focant, JF Sjodin, A Patterson, DG AF Focant, JF Sjodin, A Patterson, DG TI Qualitative evaluation of thermal desorption-programmable temperature vaporization-comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the analysis of selected halogenated contaminants SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Comprehensive Multidimentsional Gas Chromatography CY MAR 06-07, 2003 CL VOLENDAM, NETHERLANDS DE thermal desorption; gas chromatography; comprehensive two-dimensional; polychlorinated biphenyls; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; pesticides ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; MODULATOR; IDENTIFICATION; SELECTIVITY; SEPARATION; SAMPLES; GC/MS; SERUM; PCBS; PCDD AB The separation of 38 toxic and predominant polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, I I persistent halogenated pesticides, I brominated biphenyl (BB), and 8 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) has been optimized using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC x GC-TOFMS). A thermal desorption-programmable temperature vaporization (TD-PTV) step was used for the injection. Different column sets were investigated. and a 100% dimethylpolysiloxane (15 m x 0.25 mm W. x 0.25 mum film thickness) narrowbore capillary column coupled to a high temperature (8% phenyl)-polycarborane-siloxane (2 m x 0.10 mm i.d. x 0.10 mum film thickness) microbore column set was selected. Of the 58 compounds investigated, only one pair of PCBs was not resolved. All other analytes were either baseline separated into the chromatographic plane or were virtually separated using the deconvolution capability of the TOFMS. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, OAT Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Focant, JF (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, OAT Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 41 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 26 PY 2003 VL 1019 IS 1-2 BP 143 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.07.007 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 742EK UT WOS:000186503600013 PM 14650611 ER PT J AU Dimandja, JMD Clouden, GC Colon, I Focant, JF Cabey, WV Parry, RC AF Dimandja, JMD Clouden, GC Colon, I Focant, JF Cabey, WV Parry, RC TI Standardized test mixture for the characterization of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography columns: the Phillips mix SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Comprehensive Multidimentsional Gas Chromatography CY MAR 06-07, 2003 CL VOLENDAM, NETHERLANDS DE Phillips mix; grob mix; column characterization; stationary phases; GC x GC; gas chromatography; comprehensive two-dimensional ID GC X GC; CHEMOMETRIC ANALYSIS; THERMAL MODULATOR; CAPILLARY COLUMNS; SEPARATION AB A novel column characterization test mixture is developed for use in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC). This mixture has been named the "Phillips mix" in honor of the late professor John B. Phillips, the father of GC x GC. The mixture comprises a series of homologous compounds from structural groups that cover a volatility and polarity range that is similar to the Grob mix, and includes saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes), unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes and alkynes). carbonyls (ketones and aldehydes), primary alcohols, fatty acid methyl esters, alkyl ethers, carboxylic acids, aromatics, as well as other unique functional groups (such as amines, etc.). Similarly to the Grob mix in conventional one-dimensional GC, the Phillips mix can be used as a standardized test for performance characterization of GC x GC column sets. Unlike the Grob mix, however, the Phillips mix's most important use is as a practical guideline for column users. This paper addresses some qualitative aspects of the use of the Phillips mix through an investigation of the chromatographic fingerprints of two different GC x GC Column combinations. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Spelman Coll, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. Meharry Med Coll, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30041 USA. LECO Corp, St Joseph, MI 49085 USA. RP Dimandja, JMD (reprint author), Spelman Coll, Dept Chem, 350 Spelman Lane,SW Box 279, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR11598] NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 26 PY 2003 VL 1019 IS 1-2 BP 261 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.09.027 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 742EK UT WOS:000186503600022 PM 14650620 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Mokdad, AH Giles, WH Mensah, GA AF Ford, ES Mokdad, AH Giles, WH Mensah, GA TI Serum total cholesterol concentrations and awareness, treatment, and control of hypercholesterolemia among US adults - Response SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 25 PY 2003 VL 108 IS 21 BP E152 EP E152 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 746VL UT WOS:000186768300056 ER PT J AU Datta, SD Armstrong, GL Roome, AJ Alter, MJ AF Datta, SD Armstrong, GL Roome, AJ Alter, MJ TI Blood exposures and hepatitis C virus infections among emergency responders SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEALTH-CARE PERSONNEL; PUBLIC SAFETY WORKERS; B VIRUS; HOSPITAL PERSONNEL; NEEDLESTICK INJURIES; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; PUNCTURE WOUNDS; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS AB Background: Blood exposures in the workplace may put first responders, a group which includes firefighters, emergency medical technicians, and paramedics, at increased risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. To determine the prevalence of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) and risk factors for infection among first responders, we analyzed data from prevalence surveys conducted among first responders in Atlanta, Ga, in 1991; Connecticut in 1992; and Philadelphia, Pa, in 1999. Methods: Serum or blood samples from participants of the 3 surveys were tested for anti-HCV. Prevalence of anti-HCV was compared with that in the general US population and among participants by occupational (Atlanta) and nonoccupational (Atlanta and Philadelphia) risk factors for infection. Results: Prevalence of anti-HCV among the 946 participants of the 3 surveys ranged from 1.3% to 3.6% and was no different than among appropriate referent groups in the general US population. First responders in Atlanta reported high rates of skin exposures to blood (174 per 100 person-years) but few mucosal or needle-stick exposures (I and 0 per 100 person-years, respectively) during the 6 months prior to the survey. Hepatitis C virus infection was not associated with a history of skin exposures to blood (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3-4.2), and HCV prevalence did not increase with longer duration (>10 years) of employment (PR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.3-4.3). Nonoccupational risk factors associated with HCV infection included history of a sexually transmitted disease (PR, 7.4; 95% CI, 1.6-35.3) among Atlanta participants and histories of illegal drug use (PR, 4.4; 95% CI, 2.6-7.2) and blood transfusion before 1992 (PR, 1.9; 95% Cl, 1.1-3.3) among Philadelphia participants. Conclusions: First responders are exposed to blood in the workplace, and standard precautions should be rigorously implemented. Although risk for HCV infection related to percutaneous or mucosal exposures could not be accurately assessed, the low prevalence of HCV infection indicates that routine HCV testing of first responders as an occupational group is not warranted. Testing should routinely be offered to those requiring postexposure management and those with a history of nonoccupational risk factors indicating an increased risk for infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Epidemiol Sect, Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, Hartford, CT USA. RP Armstrong, GL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop G-37, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD NOV 24 PY 2003 VL 163 IS 21 BP 2605 EP 2610 DI 10.1001/archinte.163.21.2605 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 747TQ UT WOS:000186821300007 PM 14638560 ER PT J AU Jemal, A Ward, E Anderson, RN Thun, MJ AF Jemal, A Ward, E Anderson, RN Thun, MJ TI Influence of rules from the tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases on US cancer mortality trends SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Letter ID NATION C1 Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Jemal, A (reprint author), Amer Canc Soc, 1599 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD NOV 19 PY 2003 VL 95 IS 22 BP 1727 EP 1728 DI 10.1093/jnci/djg116 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 747JF UT WOS:000186800900017 PM 14625267 ER PT J AU Heit, JA Dilley, AB Evatt, BL Petterson, TM Ballman, KV Melton, LJ AF Heit, JA Dilley, AB Evatt, BL Petterson, TM Ballman, KV Melton, LJ TI Bleeding disorders in women with menorrhagia: Risk of abnormal bleeding with other hemostatic challenges. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-09, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Hlth Sci Res, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2003 VL 102 IS 11 MA 4120 BP 103B EP 103B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 742UU UT WOS:000186537100411 ER PT J AU Heit, JA Lokken, TG Farmer, SA Petterson, TM Hooper, WC Evatt, BL Burke, JP de Andrade, M AF Heit, JA Lokken, TG Farmer, SA Petterson, TM Hooper, WC Evatt, BL Burke, JP de Andrade, M TI Genetic predictors of recurrent venous thromboembolism. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-09, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Hlth Sci Res, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2003 VL 102 IS 11 MA 4166 BP 114B EP 115B PN 2 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 742UU UT WOS:000186537100457 ER PT J AU Philipp, CS Miller, CH Faiz, A Dilley, A Michaels, L Ayers, C Evartt, BL Saidi, P AF Philipp, CS Miller, CH Faiz, A Dilley, A Michaels, L Ayers, C Evartt, BL Saidi, P TI Utility of bleeding time and PFA-100 in screening women with unexplained menorrhagia for comprehensive hemostatic testing SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-09, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2003 VL 102 IS 11 MA 1111 BP 309A EP 310A PN 1 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 742UP UT WOS:000186536701111 ER PT J AU Morganstein, N Miller, CH Saidi, P Philipp, CS AF Morganstein, N Miller, CH Saidi, P Philipp, CS TI Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) deficiency in pregnancy. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-09, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2003 VL 102 IS 11 MA 2008 BP 547A EP 547A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 742UP UT WOS:000186536702007 ER PT J AU Morris, CA Mervis, CB Hobart, HH Gregg, RG Bertrand, J Ensing, GJ Sommer, A Moore, CA Hopkin, RJ Spallone, PA Keating, MT Osborne, L Kimberley, KW Stock, AD AF Morris, CA Mervis, CB Hobart, HH Gregg, RG Bertrand, J Ensing, GJ Sommer, A Moore, CA Hopkin, RJ Spallone, PA Keating, MT Osborne, L Kimberley, KW Stock, AD TI GTF21 hemizygosity implicated in mental retardation in Williams syndrome: Genotype-phenotype analysis of five families with deletions in the Williams syndrome region SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Bryan D Hall Meeting 2003 CY MAR, 2003 CL LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA SP Cytogenet Fdn Incorp DE supravalvar aortic stenosis; Williams syndrome; 7q11.23; deletion; genotype-phenotype correlation; ELN; LIMK1; GTF2I ID SUPRAVALVULAR AORTIC-STENOSIS; AUTOSOMAL-DOMINANT INHERITANCE; BEUREN-SYNDROME; ELASTIN GENE; CUTIS LAXA; SPECTRUM; PHOSPHORYLATION; MECHANISMS; DISORDER; IDENTIFICATION AB Most individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) have a 1.6 Mb deletion in chromosome 7q11.23 that encompasses the elastin (ELN) gene, while most families with autosomal dominant supravalvar aortic stenosis (SVAS) have point mutations in ELN. The overlap of the clinical phenotypes of the two conditions (cardiovascular disease and connective tissue abnormalities such as hernias) is due to the effect of haploinsufficiency of ELN. SVAS families often have affected individuals with some WS facial features, most commonly in infancy, suggesting that ELN plays a role in WS facial gestalt as well. To find other genes contributing to the WS phenotype, we studied five families with SVAS who have small deletions in the WS region. None of the families had mental retardation, but affected family members had the Williams Syndrome Cognitive Profile (WSCP). All families shared a deletion of LIMK1, which encodes a protein strongly expressed in the brain, supporting the hypothesis that LIMK1 hemizygosity contributes to impairment in visuospatial constructive cognition. While the deletions from the families nearly spanned the WS region, none had a deletion of FKBP6 or GTF2I, suggesting that the mental retardation seen in WS is associated with deletion of either the centromeric and/or telomeric portions of the region. Comparison of these five families with reports of other individuals with partial deletions of the WS region most strongly implicates GTF2I in the mental retardation of WS. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Nevada, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Las Vegas, NV 89102 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Nevada, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Genet,Lab Mol Cytogenet, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Louisville, KY USA. Univ Louisville, Ctr Genet & Mol Med, Louisville, KY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Michigan, Congenital Heart Ctr, Dept Pediat & Communicable Dis, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Pediat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Human Genet, Cincinnati, OH USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Childrens Hosp, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Cardiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Morris, CA (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 2040 W Charleston Blvd 401, Las Vegas, NV 89102 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD29957]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS35102, R01 NS035102] NR 75 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 123A IS 1 BP 45 EP 59 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.20496 PG 15 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 737NV UT WOS:000186239400006 PM 14556246 ER PT J AU De, BK Woolfitt, AR Barr, JR Daneshvar, MI Sampson, JS Ades, EW Carlone, GM AF De, BK Woolfitt, AR Barr, JR Daneshvar, MI Sampson, JS Ades, EW Carlone, GM TI Analysis of recombinant acylated pneumococcal surface adhesin A of Streptococcus pneumoniae by mass spectrometry SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus pneumoniae; bacterial lipoproteins; PsaA; pneumococcal surface adhesin a; recombinant proteins; mass spectrometry; fatty acids; protein heterogeneity ID DRIVEN FRAGMENTATION PROCESSES; ENERGY COLLISIONAL ACTIVATION; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; MECHANISTIC PROPOSAL; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN-A; PSAA; LIPOPROTEINS; PURIFICATION; LIPOPEPTIDE AB Streptococcus pneunioniae pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) is a species-common, immunogenic surface lipoprotein. in this study, the psaA gene was expressed as a nonfusion acylated protein in an Escherichia coli expression system. Yields of pure recombinant PsaA (rPsaA) were 8-10 mg/liter of fermentation culture. Analysis of rPsaA tryptic digests by HPLC-electrospray mass spectrometry (MS) confirmed 98% of the expected protein sequence. GUMS data demonstrated very similar acylation of native and rPsaA by C12:0-C22:0 fatty acids, with C16 and C18 predominating. Negative ion electrospray MS/MS analysis of the rPsaA lipid anchor released by Pronase-E confirmed that the structure was based on an N-terminal palmitoylcysteine (Pam(3)Cys). Electrospray MS heterogeneity analysis of intact rPsaA indicated that all of the observed heterogeneity could be accounted for by the fatty acid distributions. The availability of well-characterized rPsaA will facilitate the continued research and development of protein-based vaccines for the prevention of pneumococcal disease. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Woolfitt, AR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 NR 44 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 419 IS 2 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.abb.2003.07.001 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 744CL UT WOS:000186610300007 PM 14592458 ER PT J AU Kyaw, MH Christie, P Clarke, SC Mooney, JD Ahmed, S Jones, IG Campbell, H AF Kyaw, MH Christie, P Clarke, SC Mooney, JD Ahmed, S Jones, IG Campbell, H TI Invasive pneumococcal disease in Scotland, 1999-2001: Use of record linkage to explore associations between patients and disease in relation to future vaccination policy SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Pneumococci and Pneumococcal Diseases CY MAY 05-09, 2002 CL ANCHORAGE, ALASKA ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE INFECTIONS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; POPULATION-BASED SURVEILLANCE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; BACTEREMIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION AB A record linkage study was done to provide comprehensive data on the epidemiologic characteristics of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Scotland. The overall incidence of IPD was 11 cases/10(5) persons and 21 cases/10(5) persons <1 year of age, 51 cases/10(5) persons 1 year of age, 45 cases/10(5) elderly persons (age &GE; 65 years), 176-483 cases/10(5) persons with chronic medical conditions, and 562-2031 cases/10(5) persons with severe immunosuppression. The case-fatality rate was 11% among elderly persons and ranged from 3% to 13% among persons with underlying medical conditions. The most common pneumococcal serogroups associated with IPD were 14, 9, 6, 19, 23, 8, and 4. Serogroups included in the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine caused the majority of cases of IPD. The proportion of IPD due to the 7-, 9-, and 11-valent conjugate vaccine serogroups was lower among older people and persons with underlying medical conditions. C1 Scottish Ctr Infect & Environm Hlth, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Scottish Meningococcus & Pneumococcus Reference L, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Kyaw, MH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-C23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1283 EP 1291 DI 10.1086/379016 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 737HN UT WOS:000186224500001 PM 14583860 ER PT J AU Jones, TF Benson, RF Brown, EW Rowland, JR Crosier, SC Schaffner, W AF Jones, TF Benson, RF Brown, EW Rowland, JR Crosier, SC Schaffner, W TI Epidemiologic investigation of a restaurant-associated outbreak of Pontiac fever SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; SOURCE EXPOSURE; WHIRLPOOL SPA; SURVEILLANCE; PNEUMONIA; CONDENSER; MICDADEI; CHILDREN; PLANT AB This case-control study investigated a cluster of respiratory illness among patrons of a restaurant. Of 173 patrons interviewed, 117 (68%) were ill. Symptoms included myalgias (93%), headache (87%), and fatigue (79%). The mean incubation period was 49 h and the mean duration of illness was 71 h. Patrons aged >15 years were more likely to have been ill than younger patrons (odds ratio [OR], 2.96; P = .002); 58% of persons who were ill sat near a large fountain, compared with 18% of respondents who were not ill (OR, 7.5; P = .005). Legionella anisa was cultured from water samples obtained from the fountain pool. Of 22 individuals who were ill, 11 ( 50%) had a greater than or equal to4-fold increase in the titer of antibody to that strain of L. anisa from acute-phase to convalescent-phase serum samples; 3 others (14%) had persistently elevated titers of greater than or equal to512; of a group of 20 individuals who had not been exposed to the restaurant, none had titers of >128. Pontiac fever should be considered as a diagnosis during acute outbreaks of influenza-like illness with a high attack rate and no other identified etiology. C1 Tennessee Dept Hlth, CEDS, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. Nashville Davidson Cty Metropolitan Hlth Dept, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jones, TF (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, CEDS, 4th Fl,Cordell Hull Bldg,425 5th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. NR 29 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1292 EP 1297 DI 10.1086/379017 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 737HN UT WOS:000186224500002 PM 14583861 ER PT J AU Deetz, TR Sawyer, MH Billman, G Schuster, FL Visvesvara, GS AF Deetz, TR Sawyer, MH Billman, G Schuster, FL Visvesvara, GS TI Successful treatment of Balamuthia amoebic encephalitis: Presentation of 2 cases SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; FREE-LIVING AMEBA; LEPTOMYXID-AMEBA; MANDRILLARIS MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; OPPORTUNISTIC AMEBAS; HUMANS; AGENT; ANIMALS; INFECTIONS; VENEZUELA AB Case histories are presented of 2 individuals (a 5-year-old girl and 64-year-old man) who developed encephalitis caused by the free-living amoeba Balamuthia mandrillaris. Both individuals survived after diagnosis and initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy. Immunostaining for Balamuthia-specific antibody levels identified the causative agent of the infections. Antimicrobial therapy with flucytosine, pentamidine, fluconazole, sulfadiazine, and a macrolide antibiotic (azithromycin or clarithromycin) was initiated. Phenothiazines (thioridazine and trifluoperazine) were also used. Both patients recovered, and there was no evidence of recrudescence of the disease at 2 and 6 years after onset of symptoms. Awareness of Balamuthia as the causative agent of encephalitis and early initiation of antimicrobial therapy were critical to the recovery of both patients. Although optimal antimicrobial therapy for Balamuthia amoebic encephalitis has yet to be determined, the antimicrobials used in these 2 cases effectively controlled the disease. These 2 individuals are the only known survivors of this otherwise fatal type of amoebic encephalitis. C1 Santa Cruz Med Clin, Santa Cruz, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Div Pediat Infect Dis, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. RP Schuster, FL (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. NR 34 TC 75 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1304 EP 1312 DI 10.1086/379020 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 737HN UT WOS:000186224500004 PM 14583863 ER PT J AU Lynch, M Shieh, WJ Tatti, K Gentsch, JR Harris, TF Jiang, BM Guarner, J Bresee, JS Greenwald, M Cullen, S Davies, HD Trevenen, C Zaki, SR Glass, RI AF Lynch, M Shieh, WJ Tatti, K Gentsch, JR Harris, TF Jiang, BM Guarner, J Bresee, JS Greenwald, M Cullen, S Davies, HD Trevenen, C Zaki, SR Glass, RI TI The pathology of rotavirus-associated deaths, using new molecular diagnostics SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE NECROTIZING ENCEPHALOPATHY; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CHILDREN; GASTROENTERITIS; DIARRHEA; CHILDHOOD; INFECTION; INFANTS; MORTALITY AB Rotavirus, the most common cause of severe, dehydrating gastroenteritis among children worldwide, annually causes similar to500,000 deaths among children aged <5 years. The primary site of rotavirus infection is the small intestine. Pathologic investigations of patients who died of rotavirus infection are limited to data from a few reported autopsies, and dehydration with electrolyte imbalance is believed to be the major cause of death. Several recent reports suggest that children who died during a rotavirus illness were viremic before death, because rotavirus was detected at several extraintestinal sites. We report 3 rotavirus-associated deaths among children, 2 of whom had evidence of rotavirus genome in extraintestinal tissues detected by use of novel molecular diagnostic methods. The part played by rotavirus in fatal cases is unclear and requires additional investigation of diarrhea-associated deaths, because a better understanding might alter the approach to treatment and the need for antiviral therapy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Activ, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Off Chief Med Examiner, Augusta, ME USA. Mem Hosp, Dept Pathol, Colorado Springs, CO USA. Alberta Childrens Prov Gen Hosp, Dept Pediat, Calgary, AB, Canada. Alberta Childrens Prov Gen Hosp, Dept Pathol, Calgary, AB, Canada. RP Lynch, M (reprint author), Mater Misericordiae Hosp, Dept Clin Microbiol, Eccles St, Dublin 7, Ireland. RI Tatti, Kathleen/H-5912-2012; Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 OI Tatti, Kathleen/0000-0001-9414-7887; NR 33 TC 39 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1327 EP 1333 DI 10.1086/379322 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 737HN UT WOS:000186224500007 PM 14583866 ER PT J AU Barker, JH Luby, JP Dalley, AS Bartek, WM Burns, DK Erdman, DD AF Barker, JH Luby, JP Dalley, AS Bartek, WM Burns, DK Erdman, DD TI Fatal type 3 adenoviral pneumonia in immunocompetent adult identical twins SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GENOME TYPES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISEASE; INFECTIONS AB We describe adult twin sisters who developed severe adenoviral pneumonia with relative leukopenia, progressive focal infiltrates, shock, and hypoxia. Potential determinants of severe adenoviral disease are discussed. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Dallas, TX USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Dallas, TX USA. Med Ctr Plano, Dept Pulm & Crit Care, Plano, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Barker, JH (reprint author), Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Dept Internal Med, SW54 GH,200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 10 BP E142 EP E146 DI 10.1086/379127 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 737HN UT WOS:000186224500028 PM 14583886 ER PT J AU Li, ZY Sakota, V Jackson, D Franklin, AR Beall, B AF Li, ZY Sakota, V Jackson, D Franklin, AR Beall, B CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Array of M protein gene subtypes in 1064 recent invasive group a streptococcus isolates recovered from the active bacterial core surveillance SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; EPITOPES; SEQUENCES; DISEASE AB Using sequence analysis to detect variation within the hypervariable M protein N terminus, we found 41 emm types encompassing 81 subtypes, among 1064 consecutive invasive group A streptococcus isolates from a recent multistate, population- based surveillance. Seventeen of the 30 emm types represented by multiple isolates displayed multiple subtypes. Most subtypes differed from reference strain emm sequences as a result of single base substitutions or other alterations likely to be stably inherited. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention database ( available at: http:// www. cdc. gov/ ncidod/ biotech/ strep/ strepblast. htm) currently contains 225 distinct emm types encompassing 450 subtypes. Although this subtyping scheme increases specificity, limited variation within individual types favors introduction of M protein type - specific vaccines. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Beall, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, MS C02,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 10 BP 1587 EP 1592 DI 10.1086/379050 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 745GW UT WOS:000186681800023 PM 14624386 ER PT J AU Dunn, DT Gibb, DM Duong, T Babiker, AG Bulterys, M Gabiano, C Galli, L Giaquinto, C Gray, L Harris, DR Hughes, M McKinney, R Mofenson, L Moye, J Newell, ML Pahwa, S Palumbo, P Rudin, C Schluchter, M Sharland, M Shearer, W Thompson, B Tookey, P AF Dunn, DT Gibb, DM Duong, T Babiker, AG Bulterys, M Gabiano, C Galli, L Giaquinto, C Gray, L Harris, DR Hughes, M McKinney, R Mofenson, L Moye, J Newell, ML Pahwa, S Palumbo, P Rudin, C Schluchter, M Sharland, M Shearer, W Thompson, B Tookey, P CA HIV Paediat Prognostic Markers Col TI Short-term risk of disease progression in HIV-1-infected children receiving no antiretroviral therapy or zidovudine monotherapy: a meta-analysis SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; INTRAVENOUS IMMUNE GLOBULIN; BACTERIAL-INFECTIONS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; VIRAL LOAD; HIV; TYPE-1; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; MORTALITY AB Background Data on the short-term risk of disease progression in HIV-1-infected children are needed to address the question of when to begin combination antiretroviral therapy. We estimated 12-month risks of progression to AIDS and death, by age and most recent measurement of CD4 T-cell percentage (CD4%) or viral load, in children receiving no antiretroviral therapy or zidovudine monotherapy only. Methods We undertook a meta-analysis of individual longitudinal data for 3941 children from eight cohort studies and nine randomised trials in Europe and the USA. Estimates of risk were derived from parametric survival models. Findings 997 AIDS-defining events were recorded over 7297 person-years of follow-up in the analysis of CD4%, and 284 events over 2282 person-years in the viral load analysis, corresponding to 568 deaths (9087 person-years) and 129 deaths (2816 person-years), respectively. In children older than 2 years, risk of death increased sharply when CD4% was less than about 10%, or 15% for risk of AIDS, with a low and fairly stable risk at greater CD4%. Children younger than 2 years had worse outlook than older children with the same CD4%. Risk of progression increased when viral load exceeded about 10(5) copies per mL, although this association was more gradual compared with CD4%. Both markers had independent predictive value for disease progression; CD4% was the stronger predictor. Interpretation This information is important for paediatricians making decisions, and for researchers designing trials, about when to initiate or restart antiretroviral therapy. C1 MRC, Clin Trials Unit, London NW1 2DA, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Turin, Dept Pediat, I-10124 Turin, Italy. Univ Florence, Dept Pediat, Florence, Italy. Univ Padua, Dept Pediat, Padua, Italy. UCL, Inst Child Hlth, London WC1E 6BT, England. WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NICHD, Intravenous Immunoglobulin Study Gr, Bethesda, MD USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. NICHHD, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. N Shore LIJ Res Inst, Manhasset, NY USA. UMDNJ, Sch Med, Newark, NJ USA. Univ Childrens Hosp, Basel, Switzerland. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ London St Georges Hosp, Sch Med, London SW17 0RE, England. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Clin Trials & Surveys Corp, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Dunn, DT (reprint author), MRC, Clin Trials Unit, 222 Euston Rd, London NW1 2DA, England. EM d.dunn@ctu.mrc.ac.uk RI Gray, Linsay/A-6741-2010; Tookey, Pat /G-2732-2010; SHCS, all/G-4072-2011; SHCS, int. coll. A/G-4083-2011; OI Tookey, Pat /0000-0001-6258-0387; Mofenson, Lynne/0000-0002-2818-9808; moye, john/0000-0001-9976-8586; Newell, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-1074-7699 NR 30 TC 139 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 362 IS 9396 BP 1605 EP 1611 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 744MZ UT WOS:000186637400008 PM 14630440 ER PT J AU Manassaram, DM Orr, MF Kaye, WE AF Manassaram, DM Orr, MF Kaye, WE TI Hazardous substances events associated with the manufacturing of chemicals and allied products SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Symposium of the Mary-Kay-OConnor-Process-Safety-Center CY OCT 29-30, 2002 CL COLL STN, TEXAS SP Mary Kay OConnor Proc Safety Ctr DE hazardous substances; chemical manufacturing; emergency planning; employee injury ID MATERIALS INCIDENTS AB This report describes events involving the acute release of hazardous substances reported to the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system for 1993-2000. HSEES, maintained by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), collects data on the industries/services associated with events. This analysis focuses on fixed-facility events that occurred during the manufacturing of chemicals and allied products (i.e. categorized according to the 1990 Industrial Classification System (ICS) of the US Bureau of the Census). This is the most frequently reported industry category in the surveillance system, with over 12,000 events (28% of all events and 35% of fixed-facility events). Further classification found that the majority (71%) of these events involved the manufacturing of industrial and miscellaneous chemicals (ICS code 192), and 21% plastics, synthetics, and resins (ICS code 180). A total of 2676 persons reported injuries in 307 fixed-facility events. Most of the injured persons were employees (42%), followed by the general public (38%), students (15%), and responders (5%). Thirty-five percent of all injured persons and 46% of all injured employees had respiratory symptoms. Releases frequently occurred in processing vessels, and the majority was due to equipment failure. A review of the data indicates that manufacturers of chemicals and allied products could help reduce morbidity and mortality by taking preventive actions such as performing regular maintenance of processing equipment, regular training of employees and encouraging them to wear respiratory protection, and educating the public on what to do in the event of a release from these facilities. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Manassaram, DM (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Hlth Studies, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 104 IS 1-3 BP 123 EP 135 DI 10.1016/S0304-3894(03)00239-5 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 746BJ UT WOS:000186726200011 PM 14602404 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Navarro, IT Graham, DH Dahl, E Freire, RL Prudencio, LB Sreekumar, C Vianna, MC Lehmann, T AF Dubey, JP Navarro, IT Graham, DH Dahl, E Freire, RL Prudencio, LB Sreekumar, C Vianna, MC Lehmann, T TI Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from free range chickens from Parana, Brazil SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; toxoplasmosis; isolation; genotyping; chickens; Gallus domesticus; Parana, Brazil ID CATS; INFECTION; GENOTYPE; OOCYSTS; SHEEP; PIGS; MICE AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free range chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of T. gondii oocysts in the environment because chickens feed from the ground. In the present study, prevalence of T. gondii in 40 free range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from a rural area surrounding Parana, Brazil was assessed. Blood, heart, and brain from each chicken were examined for T. gondii infection. Antibodies to T. gondii, assayed with the modified agglutination test (MAT greater than or equal to 1:5) were found in 16 chickens. Hearts and brains of seropositive (MAT greater than or equal to 1:5) chickens were bioassayed in mice. Additionally, hearts and brains of seronegative (MAT < 1:5) chickens were bioassayed in two T. gondii-free cats (12 chickens per cat). T. gondii was isolated from 13 of 16 (81%) seropositive chickens. Of the two cats fed tissues pooled form seronegative chickens, one shed T. gondii oocysts. Nine of the 13 T. gondii isolates killed 100% of infected mice. The T. gondii isolate from the cat was also virulent for mice. Genotyping of 13 chicken isolates of T. gondii using the SAG2 locus indicated that seven isolates were type I and six were type III; three of these type III isolates killed all infected mice suggesting that all strains virulent for mice are not type I. The isolate from the feces of the cat fed chicken tissues was type I. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Estadual Londrina, Dept Vet Prevent Med, BR-86051990 Londrina, Parana, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E, Bldg 1001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 22 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 117 IS 3 BP 229 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.vetar.2003.09.003 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 749DN UT WOS:000186903500007 PM 14630431 ER PT J AU Gaffney, M Gamble, M Costa, P Holstrum, J Boyle, C AF Gaffney, M Gamble, M Costa, P Holstrum, J Boyle, C CA CDC TI Infants tested for hearing loss - United States, 1999-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 981-984, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Human Dev & Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gaffney, M (reprint author), CDC, Div Human Dev & Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 12 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 18 BP 2399 EP 2400 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 742LH UT WOS:000186518300009 ER PT J AU Woollery, T Trosclair, A Husten, C Caraballo, RC Kahende, J AF Woollery, T Trosclair, A Husten, C Caraballo, RC Kahende, J CA CDC TI Cigarette smoking among adults - United States, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 953-956, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Woollery, T (reprint author), CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 12 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 18 BP 2400 EP 2401 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 742LH UT WOS:000186518300010 ER PT J AU McDonnell, SM Parrish, RG AF McDonnell, SM Parrish, RG TI Hereditary hemochromatosis and its elusive natural history SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; IRON OVERLOAD; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; HEALTH; GENE; MUTATIONS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Oak Ridge Associated Univ Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McDonnell, SM (reprint author), POB 197, Peacham, VT 05862 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD NOV 10 PY 2003 VL 163 IS 20 BP 2421 EP 2423 DI 10.1001/archinte.163.20.2421 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 740YN UT WOS:000186431000003 PM 14609775 ER PT J AU Beatty, ME Ashford, DA Griffin, PM Tauxe, RV Sobel, J AF Beatty, ME Ashford, DA Griffin, PM Tauxe, RV Sobel, J TI Gastrointestinal anthrax - Review of the literature SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ORAL-OROPHARYNGEAL ANTHRAX; INTESTINAL ANTHRAX; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; MAJOR EPIDEMIC; OUTBREAK; AFRICA; PATHOGENESIS; ZIMBABWE; CATTLE AB Recent events have drawn attention to cases of inhalational and cutaneous anthrax associated with contaminated mail. Gastrointestinal anthrax, the disease caused by ingestion of Bacillus anthracis organisms, has rarely been reported in the United States. This review provides background information on the gastrointestinal form of the disease. We describe the clinical course of gastrointestinal anthrax, outline current therapy, review the microbiology of B anthracis, examine the epidemiology of natural outbreaks, discuss considerations regarding deliberate contamination, and summarize existing literature on the inactivation of spores present in food and water. C1 CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Beatty, ME (reprint author), CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 61 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD NOV 10 PY 2003 VL 163 IS 20 BP 2527 EP 2531 DI 10.1001/archinte.163.20.2527 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 740YN UT WOS:000186431000019 PM 14609791 ER PT J AU Hutin, YJF Hauri, AM Armstrong, GL AF Hutin, YJF Hauri, AM Armstrong, GL TI Use of injections in healthcare settings worldwide, 2000: literature review and regional estimates SO BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID HEPATITIS-B-VIRUS; UNSAFE INJECTIONS; RURAL TANZANIA; HIV-INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; TRANSMISSION; CONTAMINATION; PATHOGENS; COMMUNITY; PAKISTAN AB Objective To describe injection practices worldwide in terms of frequency and safety. Design Literature review The global burden of disease project of the World Health Organization defined 14 regions on the basis of geography and mortality patterns. Data sources included published studies and unpublished WHO reports. Studies were reviewed by using a standardised decision making algorithm to generate region specific estimates. Setting Healthcare facilities, both formal and informal. Data sources: General population and users of healthcare facilities. Main outcome measure Annual number of injections per person and proportion of injections administered with syringes and needles that are reused in the absence of sterilisation. Results The analysis excluded four regions (predominantly affluent, developed nations) where reuse of injection equipment in the absence of sterilisation was assumed to be negligible. In the 10 other regions, the annual ratio of injections per person ranged from 1.7 to 11.3. Of these, the proportion administered with equipment reused in the absence of sterilisation ranged from 1.2% to 75.0%. Reuse was highest in the South East Asia region "D" (seven countries, mostly located in South Asia), the eastern Mediterranean region "D" (nine countries, mostly located in the Middle East crescent), and the western Pacific region "B" (22 countries). No information regarding injection safety was available for Latin America. Conclusions Overuse of injections and unsafe practices are still common in developing and transitional countries. An urgent need exists to use injections safely and appropriately, to prevent healthcare associated infections with HIV and other bloodborne pathogens. C1 WHO, Dept Blood Safety & Clin Technol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hutin, YJF (reprint author), WHO, Dept Blood Safety & Clin Technol, Ave Appia 20, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM hutiny@who.int NR 64 TC 131 Z9 136 U1 3 U2 12 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1756-1833 J9 BMJ-BRIT MED J JI BMJ-British Medical Journal PD NOV 8 PY 2003 VL 327 IS 7423 BP 1075 EP 1078 DI 10.1136/bmj.327.7423.1075 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 742QW UT WOS:000186530400016 PM 14604927 ER PT J AU Ma, CL Wang, J Luo, J AF Ma, CL Wang, J Luo, J TI Exposure to asphalt fumes activates activator protein-1 through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway in mouse epidermal cells SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE KINASE-3-BETA; NF-KAPPA-B; JB6 CELLS; NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION; AP-1 TRANSACTIVATION; SKIN TUMORIGENESIS; TUMOR PROMOTION; BITUMEN FUMES; IN-VITRO; KINASE-B AB Occupational exposure to asphalt fumes may pose a health risk. Experimental studies using animal and in vitro models indicate that condensates from asphalt fumes are genotoxic and can promote skin tumorigenesis. Enhanced activity of activator protein-1 (AP-1) is frequently associated with the promotion of skin tumorigenesis. The current study investigated the effect of exposure to asphalt fumes on AP-1 activation in mouse JB6 P+ epidermal cells and the skin of transgenic mice expressing the AP-1 luciferase reporter gene. Asphalt fumes were generated from a dynamic generation system that simulated road-paving conditions. Exposure to asphalt fumes significantly increased AP-1 activity in JB6 P+ cells as well as in cultured keratinocytes isolated from transgenic mice expressing AP-1 reporter. In addition, topical application of asphalt fumes by painting the tail skin of mice increased AP-1 activity by 14-fold. Exposure to asphalt fumes promoted basal as well as epidermal growth factor-stimulated anchorage-independent growth of JB6 P+ cells in soft agar. It activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and induced phosphorylation of Akt at Ser-473/Thr-308, and concurrently activated downstream p70 S6 kinase as well as glycogen synthase kinase-3beta. Asphalt fumes transiently activated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases without affecting extracellular signal-regulated kinases and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Further study indicated that blockage of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation eliminated asphalt fume-stimulated AP-1 activation and formation of anchorage-independent colonies in soft agar. This is the first report showing that exposure to asphalt fumes can activate AP-1 and intracellular signaling that may promote skin tumorigenesis, thus providing important evidence on the potential involvement of exposure to asphalt fumes in skin carcinogenesis. C1 W Virginia Univ, Sch Med, Robert C Byrd Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Cell Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Xijing Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Xian 710032, Peoples R China. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Luo, J (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Sch Med, Robert C Byrd Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Cell Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RI Luo, Jia/E-4674-2012 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA90385]; NIAAA NIH HHS [AA12968] NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD NOV 7 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 45 BP 44265 EP 44272 DI 10.1074/jbc.M309023200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 738UR UT WOS:000186306700047 PM 12947100 ER PT J AU Patel, M Schier, J Belson, M Rubin, C Garbe, P Osterloh, J AF Patel, M Schier, J Belson, M Rubin, C Garbe, P Osterloh, J CA CDC TI Recognition of illness associated with exposure to chemical agents - United States, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 938-940, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Patel, M (reprint author), CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 5 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 17 BP 2247 EP 2248 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 739PZ UT WOS:000186356800005 ER PT J AU Busch, M Pietrelli, L Caglioti, S Sazama, K Schuermann, J Betz, T Perrotta, D Sambol, AR Safranek, T Stramer, SL Dodd, R Strong, DM Dickey, W Kleinman, S Nakhasi, H Epstein, J Goodman, J Chamberland, M Kuehnert, M Petersen, L Roehrig, J Crall, N Marfin, A Montgomery, S de Oliveira, AM AF Busch, M Pietrelli, L Caglioti, S Sazama, K Schuermann, J Betz, T Perrotta, D Sambol, AR Safranek, T Stramer, SL Dodd, R Strong, DM Dickey, W Kleinman, S Nakhasi, H Epstein, J Goodman, J Chamberland, M Kuehnert, M Petersen, L Roehrig, J Crall, N Marfin, A Montgomery, S de Oliveira, AM CA CDC TI Update: Detection of West Nile virus in blood donations - United States, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 916-919, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Blood Syst Res Inst, San Francisco, CA USA. Roche Mol Syst, Alameda, CA USA. Blood Syst Labs, Tempe, AZ USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Nebraska Publ Hlth Lab, Omaha, NE USA. Nebraska Hlth & Human Serv, Lincoln, NE USA. Amer Red Cross, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Puget Sound Blood Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Belle Bonfils Mem Blood Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Victoria, BC, Canada. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Busch, M (reprint author), Blood Syst Res Inst, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 5 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 17 BP 2248 EP 2250 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 739PZ UT WOS:000186356800006 ER PT J AU Ali, A Path, D Nguyen, H Jumaan, A Zhang, J Spradling, P Seward, J AF Ali, A Path, D Nguyen, H Jumaan, A Zhang, J Spradling, P Seward, J CA CDC TI Decline in annual incidence of varicella - Selected states, 1990-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 884-885, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES C1 CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ali, A (reprint author), CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 5 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 17 BP 2250 EP 2251 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 739PZ UT WOS:000186356800007 ER PT J AU Gershater-Molko, RM Lutzker, JR Sherman, JA AF Gershater-Molko, RM Lutzker, JR Sherman, JA TI Assessing child neglect SO AGGRESSION AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE child neglect; assessment strategies; victim ID ABUSE POTENTIAL INVENTORY; UNREALISTIC EXPECTATIONS; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; HOME SAFETY; MALTREATMENT; VALIDATION; PARENTS; PERSPECTIVE; FAMILY AB The assessment of child neglect is the first step in the process of providing specific services and interventions to the victims and their family members. Assessment data provide valuable insight into the nature of the family's situation, as well as their specific treatment needs. Described here are assessment strategies for the detection of child neglect. These strategies are reviewed, along with a description of the assessment measures that are most commonly used to determine child risk as well as the parental factors, child factors, and social/ecological factors related to child neglect. Examples of the use of such assessments in two neglectful families are provided. Advantages and disadvantages of the current assessment process are discussed, as are suggestions for improved assessment in child neglect. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Judaism, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90077 USA. RP Lutzker, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 85 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-1789 J9 AGGRESS VIOLENT BEH JI Aggress. Violent Behav. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 8 IS 6 BP 563 EP 585 DI 10.1016/j.avb.2000.04.001 PG 23 WC Criminology & Penology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Criminology & Penology; Psychology GA 748DY UT WOS:000186847900001 ER PT J AU Bennett, JS Feigley, CE Khan, J Hosni, MH AF Bennett, JS Feigley, CE Khan, J Hosni, MH TI Comparison of emission models with computational fluid dynamic simulation and a proposed improved model SO AIHA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE airborne contaminants; computation fluid dynamics; emission models ID ROOM AB Understanding source behavior is important in controlling exposure to airborne contaminants. Industrial hygienists are often asked to infer emission information from room concentration data. This is not easily done, but models that make simplifying assumptions regarding contaminant transport are frequently used. The errors resulting from these assumptions are not yet well understood. This study compares emission estimates from the single-zone completely mixed (CM-1), two-zone completely mixed (CM-2), and uniform diffusivity (UD) models with the emissions set as boundary conditions in computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations of a workplace. The room airflow and concentration fields were computed using Fluent 4. These numerical experiments were factorial combinations of three source locations, five receptor locations, three dilution airflow rates, and two generation rate profiles, constant and time-varying. The aim was to compute plausible concentration fields, not to simulate exactly the processes in a real workroom. Thus, error is defined here as the difference between model and CFD predictions. For the steady-state case the UD model had the lowest error. When the source near-field contained the breathing zone receptor, the CM-2 model was applied. Then, in decreasing agreement with CFD were UD, CM-2, and CM-1. Averaging over all source and receptor locations (CM-2 applied for only one), in decreasing order of agreement with CFD were UD, CM-1, and CM-2. Source and receptor location had large effects on emission estimates using the CM-1 model and some effect using the UD model. A location-specific mixing factor (location factor) derived from steady-state concentration gradients was used to build a more accurate time-dependent emission model, CM-L. Total mass emitted from a time-varying source was modeled most accurately by CM-L, followed by CM-1 and CM-2. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Kansas State Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Bennett, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS-R5, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHA J-J SCI OCCUP E JI AIHA J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 64 IS 6 BP 739 EP 754 DI 10.1080/15428110308984868 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759PZ UT WOS:000187747200007 PM 14674808 ER PT J AU Sing, KA Hryhorczuk, D Saffirio, G Sinks, T Paschal, DC Sorensen, J Chen, EH AF Sing, KA Hryhorczuk, D Saffirio, G Sinks, T Paschal, DC Sorensen, J Chen, EH TI Organic mercury levels among the Yanomama of the Brazilian Amazon basin SO AMBIO LA English DT Article ID METHYLMERCURY; POLLUTION; FISH; GOLD; CONTAMINATION; HAIR; EXPOSURE; SAMPLES; BLOOD; AREAS AB The Catrimani River basin in northern Brazil is the home of the Yanomama and has been the site of renegade gold mining since 1980. Gold-mining operations release inorganic mercury (Hg) into the environment where it is organified and biomagnified in aquatic ecosystems. Ingestion of mercury-contaminated fish poses a potential hazard to fish-eating populations such as the Yanomama. We surveyed Hg levels in Yanomama villagers living near mined and unmined rivers in 1994 and 1995, and analyzed Hg levels in piranha caught by villagers. In 1994, 90 Yanomama Indians from 5 villages and in 1995, 62 Yanomama Indians from 3 villages participated in the studies. Four villages surveyed in 1994 were located directly on the Catrimani River, approximately 140-160 km downstream from past gold-mining activities. The other village surveyed in 1994 was situated on the unmined Ajarani River. In 1995, 2 of the Catrimani River villages were revisited, and a third Yanomama village, on the unmined Pacu River, was surveyed. Blood organic mercury levels among all villagers surveyed ranged from 0 to 62.6 mug L-1 (mean levels in each village between 21.2 mug L-1 and 43.1 mug L-1). Mercury levels in piranha from the mined Catrimani River ranged from 235 to 1084 parts per billion (ppb). Nine of 13 piranhas, measuring 30 cm or longer had total mercury levels which exceeded mercury consumption limits (500 ppb) set by both the World Health Organization and the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Unexpectedly, high mercury levels were also observed in fish and villagers along the unmined Ajarani and Pacu Rivers suggesting that indirect sources may contribute to environmental mercury contamination in the Amazon basin. C1 Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Toxicol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sing, KA (reprint author), 6872 Ancestral Hills, Las Vegas, NV 89110 USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD NOV PY 2003 VL 32 IS 7 BP 434 EP 439 DI 10.1639/0044-7447(2003)032[0434:OMLATY]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 751XU UT WOS:000187116300002 PM 14703900 ER PT J AU Steiner, JF Braun, PA Melinkovich, P Glazner, JE Chandramouli, V LeBaron, CW Davidson, AJ AF Steiner, JF Braun, PA Melinkovich, P Glazner, JE Chandramouli, V LeBaron, CW Davidson, AJ TI Primary-care visits and hospitalizations for ambulatory-care-sensitive conditions in an inner-city health care system SO AMBULATORY PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Ambulatory-Pediatric-Association CY MAY 14-16, 2000 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Ambulatory Pediat Assoc DE child health services; pediatric hospitalizations; preventive care; primary health care ID AVOIDABLE HOSPITALIZATIONS; RATES; RISK AB Objective.-Hospitalizations for ambulatory-care-sensitive conditions (ACSCs) are a marker for access barriers for children and a possible outcome measure for primary-care interventions. We assessed the relationship between primary-care utilization and subsequent ACSC hospitalization among inner-city children. Methodology-We conducted a nested, case-control study of children born in 1993 in Denver Health (DH), a "safety-net" delivery system in Denver, Colo. Utilization of preventive care and other primary-care services was compared between children hospitalized for ACSCs and nonhospitalized children, who were matched by age and duration of care. Comparisons were adjusted for demographics, payer, and chronic health conditions. Results.-Of 2531 children, 115 (4.5%) were hospitalized for ACSCs. Sixty-eight percent were Hispanic, and 78% were enrolled in Medicaid. Children with ACSC hospitalization and nonhospitalized children made a similar number of preventive-care visits (2.7 +/- 2.0 vs 3.0 +/- 2.1 visits, P = .30) and other primary-care visits (4.4 +/- 4.6 vs 3.6 +/- 4.6, P = .16) between birth and hospitalization (for cases) or the same time period (for controls). After multivariate adjustment, each additional preventive-care visit (odds ratio = 0.87; 95% confidence interval: 0.67-1.12) was associated with a nonsignificant reduction in the risk of hospitalization for ACSC. Conclusions.-Because ACSC hospitalizations are uncommon and the association between primary care and subsequent hospitalization is weak, a reduction in ACSC hospitalizations may not be a feasible outcome measure for interventions to increase the rate of preventive- or primary-care visits for underserved children within individual delivery systems. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Denver Hlth, Dept Community Hlth Serv, Denver, CO USA. RP Steiner, JF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Mailstop F-443,POB 6508, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1530-1567 J9 AMBUL PEDIATR JI Ambul. Pediatr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 3 IS 6 BP 324 EP 328 DI 10.1367/1539-4409(2003)003<0324:PVAHFA>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 751XW UT WOS:000187116600008 PM 14616042 ER PT J AU Kahn, HS Valdez, R AF Kahn, HS Valdez, R TI Metabolic risks identified by the combination of enlarged waist and elevated triacylglycerol concentration SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE adult; anthropometry; body mass index; glucose intolerance; hyperinsulinemia; hyperlipidemia; hypertension; hyperuricemia; insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome X; metabolic diseases; obesity; risk assessment ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIC WAIST; HEART-DISEASE; A-I; OBESITY; MEN AB Background: Abdominal fat and circulating triacylglycerols increase with age, which indicates lipid overaccumulation. Enlarged waist (EW) with elevated triacylglycerols (ET) could identify adults at metabolic risk. Objective: Using thresholds for EW and ET observed among the youngest adults, we estimated for all adults the prevalence of combined EW and ET (EWET) and described the metabolic risks associated with EWET. Design: In a cross-sectional, weighted sample of 9183 adults, we used two-dimensional displays to provide thresholds for EW (men: greater than or equal to 95 cm; women: greater than or equal to 88 cm) and fasting ET (greater than or equal to 1.45 mmol/L) and estimated the characteristics of EWET among adults of all ages. Results: The population prevalence of EWET in 18-24-y-olds was 6%; it rose with age until age 55-74 y (prevalence: 43%) and then was lower among the elderly. Persons with EWET were more likely (P < 0.0001) to have adverse mean ( +/- SEE) concentrations of risk variables in adjusted analyses (fasting insulin: 43 +/- 3 pmol/L; HDL cholesterol: -0.27 +/- 0.02 mmol/L; apolipoprotein B: 0.20 +/- 0.01 g/L; fasting glucose: 0.71 +/- 0.07 mmol/L; uric acid: 50 +/- 2 mumol/L) and to have diabetes (relative risk: 3.2) than were persons without EWET. Compared with a similar-size subpopulation with high body mass index, persons with EWET were older and had more dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperuricemia. Compared with "metabolic syndrome," EWET identified more persons who were younger and had greater LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations. Compared with "prediabetes," EWET identified more persons with hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia. Conclusions: EWET identifies a syndrome of lipid overaccumulation associated with metabolic risk and accelerated mortality after middle age. Prospective studies should evaluate this simple indicator. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kahn, HS (reprint author), CDC, Mail Stop K-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Kahn, Henry/0000-0003-2533-1562 NR 50 TC 103 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 78 IS 5 BP 928 EP 934 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 736AA UT WOS:000186146500007 PM 14594778 ER PT J AU Charles, LE Loomis, D AF Charles, LE Loomis, D TI Re: "Electromagnetic fields, polychlorinated biphenyls, and prostate cancer mortality in electric utility workers" - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Charles, LE (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Charles, Luenda/H-6008-2011 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 158 IS 9 BP 929 EP 929 DI 10.1093/aje/kwg242 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 739BG UT WOS:000186321900015 ER PT J AU Best, A Stokols, D Green, LW Leischow, S Holmes, B Buchholz, K AF Best, A Stokols, D Green, LW Leischow, S Holmes, B Buchholz, K TI An integrative framework for community partnering to translate theory into effective health promotion strategy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE community health promotion; health promotion theory; social ecology; PRECEDE-PROCEED; sytems thinking; transdisciplinary research; transdisciplinary collaboration ID INTERVENTIONS; PREVENTION; TOBACCO; DISEASE AB Introduction. Although there is general agreement about the complex interplay among individual-, family-, organizational-, and community-level factors as they influence health outcomes, there is still a gap between health promotion research and practice. The authors suggest that a disjuncture exists between the multiple theories and models of health promotion and the practitioners need for a more unified set of guidelines for comprehensive planning of programs. Therefore, we put forward in this paper an idea toward closing the gap between research and practice, a case for developing an overarching framework-with several health promotion models that could integrate existing theories-and applying it to comprehensive health promotion strategy. An Integrative Framework. We outline a theoretical foundation for future health promotion research and practice that integrates four models: the social ecology; the Life Course Health Development; the Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational/Environmental Diagnosis and Evaluation-Policy, Regulatory and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development; and the community partnering models. The first three models are well developed and complementary. There is little consensus on the latter model, community partnering. However, we suggest that such a model is a vital part of an overall framework, and we present an approach to reconciling theoretical tensions among researchers and practitioners involved in community health promotion. Integrating the Models: The Need for Systems Theory and Thinking. Systems theory has been relatively ignored both by the health promotion field and, more generally, by the health services. We make a case for greater use of systems theory in the development of an overall framework, both to improve integration and to incorporate key concepts from the diverse systems literatures of other disciplines. Vision for Healthy Communities. (1) Researchers and practitioners understand the complex interplay among individual-, family-, organizational-, and community-level factors as they influence population health; (2) health promotion researchers and practitioners collaborate effectively with others in the community to create integrated strategies that work as a system to address a wide array of health-related factors; (3) The Healthy People Objectives for the Nation includes balanced indicators to reflect health promotion realities and research-measures effects on all levels; (4) the gap between community health promotion "best practices" guidelines and the way things work in the everyday world of health promotion practice has been substantially closed. Conclusions and Recommendations. We suggest critical next steps toward closing the gap between health promotion research and practice: investing in networks that promote, support, and sustain ongoing dialogue and sharing of experience; finding common ground in an approach to community partnering; and gaining consensus on the proposed integrating framework. C1 Vancouver Hosp & Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Evaluat, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Hlth Care & Epidemiol, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada. Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Social Ecol, Dept Planning Policy & Design, Irvine, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Sci & Extramural Res, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. US Natl Canc Inst, Tobacco Control Res Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Commun, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Best, A (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Hlth Care & Epidemiol, Vancouver Hosp & Hlth Sci Ctr, 828 W 10th Ave,Room 718, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L8, Canada. NR 53 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER J HEALTH PROMOTION INC PI KEEGO HARBOR PA 1660 CASS LAKE RD, STE 104, KEEGO HARBOR, MI 48320 USA SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2 BP 168 EP 176 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 741RC UT WOS:000186470200010 PM 14621414 ER PT J AU Lin, A Botto, L Ghaffar, S Cosper, C Correa, A AF Lin, A Botto, L Ghaffar, S Cosper, C Correa, A CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Classification of cardiovascular malformations in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Human-Genetics CY NOV 04-08, 2003 CL LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Human Genet C1 MGH, Ped Serv, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Devel Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 73 IS 5 MA 15 BP 165 EP 165 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 726LC UT WOS:000185599700016 ER PT J AU Jarvis, M Iyer, RK Williams, LO Grody, WW AF Jarvis, M Iyer, RK Williams, LO Grody, WW TI Artificially constructed CFTR mutation samples for use in quality control and proficiency surveys: Development and pilot testing. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Human-Genetics CY NOV 04-08, 2003 CL LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Human Genet C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 73 IS 5 MA 1425 BP 413 EP 413 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 726LC UT WOS:000185599701424 ER PT J AU Bell, JL Helmkamp, JC AF Bell, JL Helmkamp, JC TI Non-fatal injuries in the west Virginia logging industry: Using workers' compensation claims to assess risk from 1995 through 2001 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE logging; occupational injury; non-fatal injury; workers' compensation ID UNITED-STATES; FATALITIES AB Background The logging industry has a high rate of both fatal and non-fatal injuries in comparison to other industries, and plays a vital role in WV's economy. Methods Workers' compensation (WC) injury claims and employment data were summarized to examine patterns and rates of non-fatal logging injuries in WV from 1995 through 2001. Results The average annual rate of injury claims was 16.0 per 100 workers per year with rates remaining relatively steady over the 7-year study period. The highest rates of injury were a result of being struck by an object, typically trees, snags, or logs. Conclusions WV loggers most often file injury claims as a result of being struck by trees and tree parts, snags, and logs. Assessment of risk is a critical component in helping regulators, researchers, and the logging industry develop viable prevention strategies to reduce the incidence and severity of logging-related injuries. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Safety Res, Anal & Field Evaluat Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, Ctr Rural Emergency Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Bell, JL (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Safety Res, Anal & Field Evaluat Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd MS-1181, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 44 IS 5 BP 502 EP 509 DI 10.1002/ajim.10307 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 742NE UT WOS:000186523300007 PM 14571514 ER PT J AU Schulte, PA Okun, A Stephenson, CM Colligan, M Ahlers, H Gjessing, C Loos, G Niemeier, RW Sweeney, MH AF Schulte, PA Okun, A Stephenson, CM Colligan, M Ahlers, H Gjessing, C Loos, G Niemeier, RW Sweeney, MH TI Information dissemination and use: Critical components in occupational safety and health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE information; training; regulation; research; dissemination ID EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; RIGHT-TO-KNOW; INTERVENTION RESEARCH; WORKPLACE; KNOWLEDGE; ORGANIZATIONS; CHALLENGES; PROGRAMS; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB Background Information dissemination is a mandated, but understudied, requirement of occupational and environmental health laws and voluntary initiatives. Research is needed on the factors that enhance and limit the development, transfer and use of occupational safety and health information (OSH). Contemporary changes in the workforce, workplaces, and the nature of work will require new emphasis on the dissemination of information to foster prevention. Methods Legislative and regulatory requirements and voluntary initiatives for dissemination of OSH information were identified and assessed. Literature on information dissemination was reviewed to identify important issues and useful approaches. Results More than 20 sections of laws and regulations were identified that mandated dissemination of occupational and environmental safety and health information. A four-stage approach for tracking dissemination and considering the flow of information was delineated. Special areas of dissemination were identified: the information needs of the changing workforce, new and young workers; small businesses; and workers with difficulty in understanding or reading English. Conclusions We offer a framework for dissemination of OSH information and underscore the need to focus on the extent to which decision-makers and others receive and use such information. More solid data are also needed on current investments in disseminating, diffusing and applying OSH information and on the utility of that information. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Econ Growth Agr & Trade, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Schulte, PA (reprint author), NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, MS-C14,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM pas4@cdc.gov NR 127 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-3586 EI 1097-0274 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 44 IS 5 BP 515 EP 531 DI 10.1002/ajim.10295 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 742NE UT WOS:000186523300009 PM 14571516 ER PT J AU Wei, FF Walsh, CM AF Wei, FF Walsh, CM TI Untitled - In reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE LA English DT Letter C1 HealthPartners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wei, FF (reprint author), HealthPartners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MED PUBLISHING, M W C COMPANY PI JAMESBURG PA 241 FORSGATE DR, STE 102, JAMESBURG, NJ 08831 USA SN 1088-0224 J9 AM J MANAG CARE JI Am. J. Manag. Care PD NOV PY 2003 VL 9 IS 11 BP 776 EP + PG 2 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 742MW UT WOS:000186522500008 ER PT J AU Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Paddock, C Greer, P Tatti, K Fischer, M Layton, M Philips, M Bresnitz, E Quinn, CP Popovic, T Perkins, BA Zaki, SR AF Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Paddock, C Greer, P Tatti, K Fischer, M Layton, M Philips, M Bresnitz, E Quinn, CP Popovic, T Perkins, BA Zaki, SR CA Anthrax Bioterrorism Investigation TI The critical role of pathology in the investigation of bioterrorism-related cutaneous anthrax SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED TISSUE; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION; IMMUNOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES; ECTHYMA GANGRENOSUM; SPOTTED-FEVER; SCRUB TYPHUS; NEW-YORK; IDENTIFICATION AB Cutaneous anthrax is a rare zoonotic disease in the United States. The clinical diagnosis traditionally has been established by conventional microbiological methods, such as culture and gram staining. However, these methods often yield negative results when patients have received antibiotics. During the bioterrorism event of 2001, we applied two novel immunohistochemical assays that can detect Bacillus anthracis antigens in skin biopsy samples even after prolonged antibiotic treatment. These assays provided a highly sensitive and specific method for the diagnosis of cutaneous anthrax, and were critical in the early and rapid diagnosis of 8 of 11 cases of cutaneous anthrax during the outbreak investigation. Skin biopsies were obtained from 10 of these 11 cases, and histopathological findings included various degrees of ulceration, hemorrhage, edema, coagulative necrosis, perivascular inflammation, and vasculitis. Serology was also an important investigation tool, but the results required several weeks because of the need to test paired serum specimens. Other tests, including culture, special stains, and polymerase chain reaction assay, were less valuable in the diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of these cutaneous anthrax cases. This report underscores the critical role of pathology in investigating potential bioterrorism. events and in guiding epidemiological studies, a role that was clearly demonstrated in 2001 when B. anthracis spores were intentionally released through the United States postal system. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. RP Zaki, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Tatti, Kathleen/H-5912-2012; Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 OI Tatti, Kathleen/0000-0001-9414-7887; NR 65 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 163 IS 5 BP 1901 EP 1910 DI 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63548-1 PG 10 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 736AP UT WOS:000186148200024 PM 14578189 ER PT J AU Greenlund, KJ Neff, LJ Zheng, ZJ Keenan, NL Giles, WH Ayala, CA Croft, JB Mensah, GA AF Greenlund, KJ Neff, LJ Zheng, ZJ Keenan, NL Giles, WH Ayala, CA Croft, JB Mensah, GA TI Low public recognition of major stroke symptoms SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; WARNING SIGNS; KNOWLEDGE; AWARENESS; EDUCATION; DELAY; CARE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TIME AB Background: A Healthy People 2010 objective includes increasing public awareness of the warning signs of stroke, yet few data exist about the level of awareness. Recognition of stroke symptoms and awareness of the need to call 911 for acute stroke events were examined among the general population. Methods: Data are from 61,019 adults participating in the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a state-based telephone survey. Respondents indicated whether the following were symptoms of stroke: confusion/trouble speaking; numbness/weakness of face, arm, or leg; trouble seeing; chest pain (false symptom); trouble walking, dizziness, or loss of balance; and severe headache with no known cause. Persons also reported the first action they would take if they thought someone was having a stroke. Results: Only 17.2% of respondents overall (5.9% to 21.7% by state) correctly classified all stroke symptoms and indicated that they would call 911 if they thought someone was having a stroke. Recognition of all symptoms and knowledge of when to call 911 were comparable by gender but lower among ethnic minorities, younger and older people, those with less education, and current smokers compared to whites, middle-aged people, those with more education, and nonsmokers, respectively. There were no substantive differences by history of hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, or stroke. Conclusions: Public recognition of major stroke symptoms is low. Educational campaigns to increase awareness among the general population and targeted messages to those at high-risk persons and their families may help to improve time to treatment for adults suffering acute strokes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Greenlund, KJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 25 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 25 IS 4 BP 315 EP 319 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00206-X PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 734HC UT WOS:000186048300008 PM 14580633 ER PT J AU Sansom, SL Cotter, SM Smith, F Koch, E de Fijter, S Long, T Coleman, D Cowen, K Tilgner, S Pry, N Bell, BP AF Sansom, SL Cotter, SM Smith, F Koch, E de Fijter, S Long, T Coleman, D Cowen, K Tilgner, S Pry, N Bell, BP TI Costs of a hepatitis A outbreak affecting homosexual men - Franklin County, Ohio, 1999 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VACCINATION STRATEGIES AB Background: Hepatitis A is one of the most commonly reported, vaccine-preventable diseases in the United States. Many cases occur in association with community-wide outbreaks, but societal costs to the community are seldom documented. Methods: Hepatitis A case-patients available for a follow-up interview as part of an outbreak investigation were asked about hospitalization, healthcare costs, missed work, and lost wages associated with their illness, as well as healthcare insurance coverage and sick-leave reimbursement. Average costs were calculated by case-patient age, gender, and hospitalization status for lost wages, and by age and hospitalization status for medical costs, and then assigned to case-patients not re-interviewed to provide an estimate of overall costs. Health departments provided outbreak-associated costs. Results: Between the weeks of November 2, 1998, and May 17, 1999, a total of 136 cases of hepatitis A were reported. Of the 89 (65.4%) case-patients available for interview, 74 (83%) were male; of those, 47 (64%) identified themselves as men who have sex with men (MSM). The average cost of the outbreak per case-patient was $2894, of which 51% was associated with lost wages, 40% with medical costs, and 9% with health department costs. Case-patients incurred 44% of total outbreak costs; employers, 29%; healthcare insurers, 18%; and health departments, 9%. Conclusions: In this community-wide hepatitis A outbreak, case-patients incurred the largest portion of costs, followed by employers, healthcare insurers, and health departments. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. Columbus Hlth Dept, Columbus, OH USA. Franklin Cty Board Hlth, Columbus, OH USA. RP Sansom, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 25 IS 4 BP 343 EP 346 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00209-5 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 734HC UT WOS:000186048300013 PM 14580638 ER PT J AU Duerr, A Posner, SF Gilbert, M AF Duerr, A Posner, SF Gilbert, M TI Evidence in support of foster care during acute refugee crises SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RWANDAN REFUGEES; CHILDREN; ZAIRE; EXPERIENCE; CENTERS; HEALTH; GOMA AB Objectives. The United Nations High Commissioner on Refugees (UNHCR) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) policy encourages foster care during refugee emergencies. We examined evidence to support this policy using data from the 1994 Rwandan refugee crisis. Methods. The association of weight gain and acute illness with family status (foster children vs children living with their biological families) was examined using latent growth curve and repeated measures logistic regression analysis. Results. Weight gain for all children averaged 0.40 kg/month and was associated with child's age but not with family status, child's or caregiver's sex, caregiver's marital status, possession of blankets or plastic sheeting, severe malnutrition, month of enrollment, or acute illness. Illness was not more common among foster children than among children living with their biological families. Conclusions. This analysis supports the UNHCR/UNICEF recommendation of fostering for unaccompanied children during an acute refugee crisis. C1 Food Hungry, Goma, Zaire. Univ So Calif, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Duerr, A (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Core Operat Ctr, HIV Vaccine Trials Network, 1100 Fairview Ave N,J3-100, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2003 VL 93 IS 11 BP 1904 EP 1909 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.11.1904 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 738VE UT WOS:000186307900029 PM 14600064 ER PT J AU Thiede, H Valleroy, LA MacKellar, DA Celentano, DD Ford, WL Hagan, H Koblin, BA LaLota, M McFarland, W Shehan, DA Torian, LV AF Thiede, H Valleroy, LA MacKellar, DA Celentano, DD Ford, WL Hagan, H Koblin, BA LaLota, M McFarland, W Shehan, DA Torian, LV CA Young Mens Survey Study Grp TI Regional patterns and correlates of substance use among young men who have sex with men in 7 US urban areas SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HIV-SEROPOSITIVE MEN; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; DRUG-USE; RISK BEHAVIOR; BISEXUAL MEN; GAY MEN; ABUSE; SEROCONVERSION; ASSOCIATION; INTERCOURSE AB Objectives. We sought to characterize substance use patterns in young men who have sex with men (MSM) in 7 US urban areas and sociodemographic characteristics and history associated with such use. Methods. We examined data collected from 1994 through 1998 in a venue-based, cross-sectional survey. Results. Among the 3492 participants, 66% reported use of illicit drugs; 28%, use of 3 or more drugs; 29%, frequent drug use (once a week or more); and 4%, injection drug use. These practices were more common among participants who were White, self-identified as bisexual or heterosexual, had run away, or had experienced forced sex. Conclusions. Effective drug prevention and treatment programs addressing local drug-use patterns and associated factors are urgently needed for young MSM, a population with a high rate of illicit drug use. C1 Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Natl Dev & Res Inst Inc, New York, NY USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thiede, H (reprint author), Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, 106 Prefontaine S, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU206208, U62/CCU0006260, U62/CCU20608-07, U62/CCU406219, U62/CCU606237, U62/CCU906253-11, U62/CCU906255] NR 40 TC 118 Z9 120 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2003 VL 93 IS 11 BP 1915 EP 1921 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.11.1915 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 738VE UT WOS:000186307900031 PM 14600066 ER PT J AU Calisher, CH Mahy, BWJ AF Calisher, CH Mahy, BWJ TI Letters to the editor SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Letter C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Calisher, CH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 69 IS 5 BP 453 EP 454 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 750WY UT WOS:000187022500002 ER PT J AU Eberhard, ML AF Eberhard, ML TI Letters to the editor SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Eberhard, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F-13,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 69 IS 5 BP 453 EP 453 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 750WY UT WOS:000187022500001 PM 14695078 ER PT J AU Ruebush, TK Zegarra, J Cairo, J Andersen, EM Green, M Pillai, DR Marquino, W Huilca, M Arevalo, E Garcia, C Solary, L Kain, KC AF Ruebush, TK Zegarra, J Cairo, J Andersen, EM Green, M Pillai, DR Marquino, W Huilca, M Arevalo, E Garcia, C Solary, L Kain, KC TI Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax malaria in Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PRIMAQUINE; INDONESIA; COLOMBIA; EFFICACY; AREA AB Reports from several sites in South America suggest the presence of isolated cases of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax malaria. To investigate the possibility of chloroquine-resistant P. vivax in Peru. we conducted 28-day in vivo drug efficacy trials at three sites in the Amazon region and one site on the northern Pacific Coast between 1998 and 2001. A total of 242 patients between the ages of 2 and 60 years were enrolled (177 from the Amazon region and 65 from the northern coast). All subjects received directly observed therapy with chloroquine, 25 mg/kg, over a three-day period. On enrollment, 49% had a documented fever and 96% had a history of fever: their geometric mean parasite density was 5.129 parasites/muL. A total of 212 (88%) of the 242 subjects completed their 28-day follow-up. Four of the 177 patients from the Amazon region had a recurrence of P. vivax parasitemia on days 21 and 28 after treatment was initiated. Two of these patients had chloroquine-resistant infections, based on polymerase chain reaction-single-stranded conformational polymorphism genotyping and chloroquine-desethylchloroquine blood levels, which were greater than or equal to 97 ng/mL at the time of the reappearance of parasitemia. None of the subjects studied on the northern Pacific Coast had recurrent parasitemia. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Unit 3800, Lima, Peru. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Off Director, Lima, Peru. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasitic Dis Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Toronto Gen Hosp, Trop Dis Unit, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada. Inst Nacl Salud, Lima, Peru. RP Ruebush, TK (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Unit 3800, APO AA 34031, Lima, Peru. NR 25 TC 68 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 69 IS 5 BP 548 EP 552 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 750WY UT WOS:000187022500018 PM 14695094 ER PT J AU Wang, JJ Marshall, WD Frazer, DG Law, B Lewis, DM AF Wang, JJ Marshall, WD Frazer, DG Law, B Lewis, DM TI Characterization of DNA adducts from lung tissue of asphalt fume-exposed mice by nanoflow liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DNA adducts; nanoflow; LC/quadrupole time-of-flight MS ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION; WORKERS; BITUMEN AB A bioanalytical method based on nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled to a hybrid quadrupole orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry was developed to characterize selected polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts. The collision-induced dissociation of analytes results in characteristic fragmentation patterns that can be utilized to identify the DNA adducts. In the experiment, 32 B6C3F1 mice were exposed daily (4 h/day) to asphalt fume in a whole-body inhalation chamber for 10 days; 16 nonexposed mice served as controls. The asphalt fume was generated at 180degreesC and the concentrations of PAHs in the animal exposure chamber ranged from 152 to 198 mg/m(3). The DNA adducts N-2-deoxyguanosine-benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (N-2-dG-BPDE); N-6-deoxyadenosine-benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (N-6-dA-BPDE), and N-deoxycytidine-benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (N-4-dC-BPDE) were identified. The concentrations of N-2-dG-BPDE, N-6-dA-BPDE, and N-4-dC-BPDE adducts were determined to be 1.17, 0.97, and 0.68 pmol/mg DNA, respectively, in the lung tissue of exposed mice using the nanoflow technique. The total DNA adducts in exposed lung tissue was determined to be 8.35 pmol/mg DNA by P-32-postlabeling assay. In total, the results indicated that PAH-DNA adducts were significantly elevated (P < 0.001) in the lung tissue of asphalt-fume-expo sed mice relative to tissue from control animals. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Food Sci & Agr Chem, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. RP Wang, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 322 IS 1 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2003.07.001 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 733PA UT WOS:000186008800010 PM 14705783 ER PT J AU Wang, JJ Frazer, DG Stone, S Goldsmith, T Law, B Moseley, A Simpson, J Afshari, A Lewis, DM AF Wang, JJ Frazer, DG Stone, S Goldsmith, T Law, B Moseley, A Simpson, J Afshari, A Lewis, DM TI Urinary benzo[a]pyrene and its metabolites as molecular biomarkers of asphalt fume exposure characterized by microflow LC coupled to hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; WORKERS; BITUMEN; RISK; SKIN AB As a step to study the health effects of asphalt fume exposure, an analytical method was developed to characterize benzo[a]pyrene and its hydroxy metabolites in the urine of asphalt fume-exposed rats. This method is based on microflow liquid chromatography (LQ coupled to hybrid quadrupole orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOFMS). Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the experiment, with 8 as controls and 16 exposed to asphalt fumes in a whole-body inhalation chamber for 10 days (4 h/day). Generated at 150 degreesC, the asphalt fume concentration in the animal exposure chamber ranged 76-117 mg/m(3). In the urine of the asphalt fume-exposed rats, benzo[a]pyrene and its metabolites of 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol(+/-), and benzo[a]pyrene-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetrol(+/-) were identified, and their concentrations were determined at 2.19 +/- 0.49, 16.17 +/- 0.3, 6.28 +/- 0.36, and 29.35 +/- 0.26 ng/100 mL, respectively. The metabolite concentrations from the controlled group, however, were either under the detection limits or at a relatively very low level (0.19 +/- 0.41 ng/100 mL for benzo[a]pyrene-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetrol metabolite). The results clearly indicate that the benzo[a]pyrene and its hydroxy metabolites were significantly elevated (p < 0.001) in the urine of asphalt fume-exposed rats relative to controls. The study also demonstrated that the combination of microflow LC separation and collision-induced dissociation leading to a characteristic fragmentation pattern by hybrid Q-TOFMS offers a distinct advantage for the identifications and characterizations of the benzo[a]pyrene metabolites. C1 US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Wang, JJ (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 21 BP 5953 EP 5960 DI 10.1021/ac030017a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 739HL UT WOS:000186339000043 PM 14588037 ER PT J AU Mussolino, ME Madans, JH Gillum, RF AF Mussolino, ME Madans, JH Gillum, RF TI Bone mineral density and mortality in women and men: The NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bone mineral density; cohort studies; mortality ID RADIOGRAPHIC ABSORPTIOMETRY; ELDERLY WOMEN; HIP FRACTURE; INFORMATION; MORBIDITY; SURVIVAL; SMOKING; RISK AB PURPOSE: We sought to assess the long-term association of bone mineral density with total, cardiovascular, and non-cardiovascular mortality. METHODS: The First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data were obtained from a nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized civilians. A cohort aged 45 through 74 years at baseline (1971-1975) was observed through 1992. Subjects were followed for a maximum of 22 years. Included in the analyses were 3501 white and black subjects. Death certificates were used to identify a total of 1530 deaths. RESULTS: Results were evaluated to determine the relative risk for death per 1 SD lower bone mineral density, after controlling for age at baseline, smoking status, alcohol consumption, history of diabetes, history of heart disease, education, body mass index, recreational physical activity, and blood pressure medication. Bone mineral density showed a significant inverse relationship to mortality in white men and blacks, but did not reach significance in white women. Based on I SD lower bone mineral density, the relative risk for white men was 1.16 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07-1.26, p < .01), while for white women the relative risk was 1.10 (95% CI, 0.99-1.23, p = .07), and in blacks the relative risk was 1.22 (95% CI, 1.05-1-42, p < .01). Bone mineral density was also associated with non-cardiovascular mortality in all three race-gender groups. An association between bone mineral density and cardiovascular mortality was found only in white men. CONCLUSIONS: Bone mineral density is a significant predictor of death from all causes (white men, blacks), cardiovascular (white men only) and other causes combined, in whites and blacks. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Epidemiol, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6208, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 29 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 13 IS 10 BP 692 EP 697 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(03)00062-0 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 741PX UT WOS:000186467400005 PM 14599733 ER PT J AU Boeniger, MF AF Boeniger, MF TI The significance of skin exposure SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Editorial Material ID TOXIC HEPATITIS; WORKERS; METHYLENEDIANILINE; MORTALITY; COST C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Boeniger, MF (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 47 IS 8 BP 591 EP 593 DI 10.1093/annhyg/meg095 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 746LT UT WOS:000186748400001 PM 14602666 ER PT J AU Santos, P Pinhal, I Rainey, FA Empadinhas, N Costa, J Fields, B Benson, R Verissimo, A da Costa, MS AF Santos, P Pinhal, I Rainey, FA Empadinhas, N Costa, J Fields, B Benson, R Verissimo, A da Costa, MS TI Gamma-proteobacteria Aquicella lusitana gen. nov., sp nov., and Aquicella siphonis sp nov infect protozoa and require activated charcoal for growth in laboratory media SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; COOLING-TOWER WATER; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; HYDROTHERMAL AREAS; PONTIAC FEVER; MIP GENE; STRAINS; THERMUS; AMEBAS AB Several isolates, belonging to two new species of the same novel genus of gamma-proteobacteria, were recovered from drilled well (borehole) and spa water at Sao Gemil in central Portugal. These organisms are phylogenetically most closely related to the strictly intracellular uncultured species of the genus Rickettsiella, which cause disease in arthropods, and to the facultatively intracellular species of the genus Legionella, some of which cause Legionnaires' disease and Pontiac fever. The Sao Gemil strains grew only on media containing charcoal, as is also true of the species of the genus Legionella. Unlike the vast majority of Legionella isolates, the new isolates did not require L-cysteine or ferric pyrophosphate for growth but like the legionellae had an absolute requirement for alpha-ketoglutarate. Strains SGT-39(T) and SGT-56 grew consistently between 30 and 43degreesC, while strains SGT-108(T) and SGT-109 grew between 30 and 40degreesC. The pH ranges for growth of these organisms were surprisingly narrow: strains SGT-39T and SGT-56 grew between pH 6.3 and 7.3, while strains SGT-108(T) and SGT-109 grew between pH 6.3 and 7.0. Both organisms proliferated in the amoeba Hartmannella vermi-formis but did not grow in U937 human cells. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and physiological, biochemical, and chemical analysis we describe two new species of one novel genus; one species is represented by strain SGT-39(T), for which we propose the name Aquicella lusitana, while strain SGT-108(T) represents a second species of the same genus, for which we propose the name Aquicella siphonis. C1 Univ Coimbra, Dept Bioquim, P-3001401 Coimbra, Portugal. Univ Coimbra, Ctr Neurosci, P-3001401 Coimbra, Portugal. Univ Coimbra, Dept Zool, P-3004517 Coimbra, Portugal. Univ Coimbra, Ctr Neurosci, P-3004517 Coimbra, Portugal. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP da Costa, MS (reprint author), Univ Coimbra, Dept Bioquim, P-3001401 Coimbra, Portugal. RI Rainey, Fred/C-8767-2013; Costa, Joana/B-9176-2009; Empadinhas, Nuno/G-3118-2011; OI Rainey, Fred/0000-0001-9129-6844; Costa, Joana/0000-0001-7028-2873; Empadinhas, Nuno/0000-0001-8938-7560; Verissimo, Antonio/0000-0003-4996-3185; da Costa, Milton/0000-0003-4027-4412 NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 69 IS 11 BP 6533 EP 6540 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.11.6533-6540.2003 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 740XK UT WOS:000186427800027 PM 14602611 ER PT J AU Snyder, JC Thacker, RR Boeniger, M Antonious, GF AF Snyder, JC Thacker, RR Boeniger, M Antonious, GF TI Potential of solid phase extraction disks to aid determination of dislodgeable foliar residues of chlorpyriphos, malathion, diazinon, and acephate SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISLODGABLE PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; WATER SAMPLES; LEAF SURFACES AB The utility of solid phase extraction (SPE) for concentrating four organophosphate insecticides from solutions of water and sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, a surfactant, was evaluated. Reverse phase (C18, octadecyl bonded silica) sorbent in the form of a disk was the SPE medium evaluated. Chlorpyriphos, malathion, and diazinon, but not acephate, were retained on and eluted from the SPE disks. For pesticides that were retained on SPE disks, recoveries from the disks were equal to or higher than recoveries achieved by solvent partitioning. Dislodgeable foliar residues of acephate were successfully concentrated for analysis by lyophilization of water-surfactant solutions. Recoveries of pesticides from SPE disks stored at -15degreesC for one week were equal to or higher than those of pesticides stored in water-surfactant for one week at -15degreesC. Malathion- and diazinon-fortified samples in water-surfactant and on SPE disks were prepared in one state and shipped for analysis in another state. Pesticides in the water-surfactant samples were concentrated by solvent partitioning and were underestimated by 41% (diazinon) and 16% (malathion). Conversely, diazinon samples on the SPE disks were on average underestimated by 3% and malathion was overestimated by an average of 55%. The overestimation of malathion was attributed to a matrix effect during analysis associated with the presence of surfactant, which was retained on and subsequently eluted from the SPE disks. The retention of surfactant by the SPE disks and its subsequent elution may considerably limit their usefulness in determination of dislodgeable foliar residues. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Hort, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH USA. Kentucky State Univ, Community Res Serv, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. RP Snyder, JC (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Hort, N318 Agr Sci N, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 45 IS 4 BP 429 EP 435 DI 10.1007/s00244-003-2121-y PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 732UU UT WOS:000185964600001 PM 14708658 ER PT J AU Haverkos, HW Battula, N Drotman, DP Rennert, OM AF Haverkos, HW Battula, N Drotman, DP Rennert, OM TI Enteroviruses and type 1 diabetes mellitus SO BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Review DE enterovirus; type 1 diabetes mellitus; cofactors ID COXSACKIE-B-VIRUS; MOLECULAR MIMICRY; JUVENILE-ONSET; ENCEPHALOMYOCARDITIS VIRUS; CELL AUTOIMMUNITY; IDENTICAL-TWINS; IGM RESPONSES; RISK-FACTOR; HLA-DQ; CHILDREN C1 US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Haverkos, HW (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, HFD-530,5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 90 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0753-3322 J9 BIOMED PHARMACOTHER JI Biomed. Pharmacother. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 57 IS 9 BP 379 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.biopha.2003.03.001 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 746CC UT WOS:000186728100001 PM 14652163 ER PT J AU Ojaniemi, H Evengard, B Lee, DR Unger, ER Vernon, SD AF Ojaniemi, H Evengard, B Lee, DR Unger, ER Vernon, SD TI Impact of RNA extraction from limited samples on microarray results SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; BLOOD AB To move microarray technology into the diagnostic realm, the impact of technical parameters, such as sample preparation and RNA extraction, needs to be understood and minimized. We evaluated the impact of two RNA extraction methods, DNase treatment and the amount of hybridized cDNA probe, on the outcome of microarray results. The results for both RNA extraction methods were comparable, although one method resulted in residual DNA that slightly affected the microarray results. As little as one microgram of total RNA could be used to synthesize a cDNA probe and resulted in a gene expression profile that was similar to one produced using 5 mug total RNA, even though the overall signal intensity was lower. These experiments illustrate that microarray technology holds great promise for the use of limited clinical samples in the diagnostic setting. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Huddinge Univ Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Vernon, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop A-15, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 FU NCI NIH HHS [Y1-CN-010101] NR 11 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD NOV PY 2003 VL 35 IS 5 BP 968 EP 973 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 744QL UT WOS:000186643500011 PM 14628670 ER PT J AU Cordero, JF AF Cordero, JF TI A new look at behavioral outcomes and teratogens: A commentary SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cordero, JF (reprint author), Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,F87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 67 IS 11 BP 900 EP 902 DI 10.1002/bdra.10125 PG 3 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 748FJ UT WOS:000186851600002 PM 14745925 ER PT J AU Abe, K Honein, MA Moore, CA AF Abe, K Honein, MA Moore, CA TI Maternal febrile illnesses, medication use, and the risk of congenital renal anomalies SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE maternal illness; medication; renal anomalies ID URINARY-TRACT ANOMALIES; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; BIRTH-DEFECTS; KIDNEY DEVELOPMENT; IN-UTERO; MULTIVITAMIN USE; EARLY-PREGNANCY; ACE-INHIBITORS; EXPOSURE; MALFORMATIONS AB BACKGROUND: Renal anomalies occur in about three infants per 1000 live births and have been associated with several environmental risk factors. Researchers have yet to assess the effect of maternal febrile illnesses on renal anomalies, even though febrile illnesses have been associated with other birth defects. Our objective was to determine whether maternal illness, fever, or medication use during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with the occurrence of renal anomalies. METHODS: In this population-based case-control study, we evaluated 192 infants with renal anomalies (renal agenesis [n = 44], obstructive defects [n = 134], and renal duplication defects [n = 14]) and 3029 infant without birth defects, all of whom were born in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, from 1968 through 1980. Maternal illness was defined as reported flu-like illness and/or episodic illness during the first trimester. RESULTS: Our adjusted multivariate analyses showed that among the 192 case-infants, 38 had mothers with an illness (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-2.52), 20 had mothers who reported a fever (AOR, 1.80; 95% Cl, 1.07-3.02) and 26 had mothers who reported taking medication (AOR, 1.69; 95% Cl, 1.07-2.68). Fifteen mothers reported a fever and medication use (AOR, 1.90; 95% Cl, 1.05-3.45). Nonprescription aspirin-containing medication use showed the strongest association (AOR, 3.45; 95% Cl, 1.36-8.75) with renal anomalies. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that maternal exposure to illness, fever, and medication (particularly aspirin) may increase the risk of congenital renal anomalies. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Honein, MA (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mailstop E-86,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 61 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 67 IS 11 BP 911 EP 918 DI 10.1002/bdra.10130 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 748FJ UT WOS:000186851600005 PM 14745928 ER PT J AU Daling, JR Malone, KE Doody, DR Voigt, LF Bernstein, L Marchbanks, PA Coates, RJ Norman, SA Weiss, LK Ursin, G Burkman, RT Deapen, D Folger, SG McDonald, JA Simon, MS Strom, BL Spirtas, R AF Daling, JR Malone, KE Doody, DR Voigt, LF Bernstein, L Marchbanks, PA Coates, RJ Norman, SA Weiss, LK Ursin, G Burkman, RT Deapen, D Folger, SG McDonald, JA Simon, MS Strom, BL Spirtas, R TI Association of regimens of hormone replacement therapy to prognostic factors among women diagnosed with breast cancer aged 50-64 years SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HISTOLOGIC TYPE; UNITED-STATES; RISK; ESTROGEN; PROGESTIN; CARCINOMA AB This study was conducted to assess the histopathological features of breast cancers in women diagnosed with breast cancer at 50-64 years of age who have and have not used hormone replacement therapy (HRT). A case-case analysis of the tumors from women aged 50-64 years who participated in a multicenter population-based case-control study of invasive breast cancer was conducted. In-person interviews collected a detailed history of all episodes of hormone use. Information was collected on selected tumor characteristics from 2346 women with breast cancer. Polytomous logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), contrasting the histopathological characteristics of the tumors of women who used various regimens of HRT with those of women who have never used HRT. The tumors of cases who used each regimen of HRT were smaller and of earlier stage than those of non-HRT users. Adjustment for screening diminished the magnitude of the effect, and only cases who used estrogen alone (estrogen replacement therapy) had reduced odds of being diagnosed with later-stage disease (regional or distant) than cases who never used HRT (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6-0.9). Higher proportions of estrogen receptor (ER)- and progesterone receptor (PR)positive tumors were seen in cases who used any regimen of HRT versus those who did not use HRT. However, after adjustment for age and race, only the tumors of cases who used continuous combined HRT remained more likely to be ER+ and PR+ [OR ER- = 0.6 (95% CI, 0.4-0.9) and OR PR- = 0.5 (95% CI, 0.4-0.7)]. The tumors of women with breast cancer who used HRT have some better prognostic factors than those of women who have not used HRT. However, with the exception of the results noted above, this advantage may be due to the racial and age differences in those who use the various regimens of HRT and the effect of more frequent screening among HRT users, leading to earlier diagnosis. C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Canc Div, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Div Epidemiol, Detroit, MI USA. Bay State Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Springfield, MA USA. Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Div Hematol & Oncol, Detroit, MI USA. NICHHD, Contracept & Reprod Hlth Branch, Populat Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Daling, JR (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, 1100 Fairview Ave N MP 381,POB 19024, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01 PC 67006, N01 CN 0532, N01 PC 67010, N01 CN 65064]; NICHD NIH HHS [N01 HD 3-3174, N01 HD 3-3175, N01 HD3-3168, N01 HD 2-3166, N01 HD 3-3176] NR 22 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1175 EP 1181 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 750NB UT WOS:000187001700008 PM 14652277 ER PT J AU Caplan, LS McQueen, DV Qualters, JR Leff, M Garrett, C Calonge, N AF Caplan, LS McQueen, DV Qualters, JR Leff, M Garrett, C Calonge, N TI Validity of women's self-reports of cancer screening test utilization in a managed care population SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE; PAP SMEAR HISTORIES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ACCURACY; MAMMOGRAPHY; HEALTH; VALIDATION; AGREEMENT AB This study was undertaken to examine the validity of self-reported data on breast and cervical cancer screening behavior. An abbreviated version of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System telephone survey, including questions on mammography, clinical breast examination (CBE), and Papanicolaou test utilization, was administered to a sample of 480 women aged 40-74 years, enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Colorado for at least 5 years. Screening information reported in the telephone interview was compared with that abstracted from respondents' medical records. The vast majority of women had a mammogram, CBE, and Pap test according to both self-report and medical record. Sensitivity for determining whether her last test was within 2 years (3 years for Pap test) exceeded 95% for all, whereas specificities were <55%. The percentage of overall agreement between self-reported and recorded information was 88.4% (kappa = 0.62) for mammography, 87.9% (kappa = 0.45) for CBE, and 87.2% (kappa = 0.54) for Pap test. Pearson correlations between self-reported and recorded information for specific time interval since most recent mammogram, CBE, and Pap test were 0.72, 0.58, and 0.65, respectively. Correlation increased greatly when time interval was allowed to vary by +/-1 year. In most cases of disagreement, the self-report underestimated the time since last screening. These results suggest that self-reporting of breast and cervical cancer screening is fairly accurate in this managed care population, although women tend to underestimate the time since their last screening. C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Prevent Res Ctr, Dept Community Hlth & Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Kaiser Permanente, Denver, CO USA. RP Caplan, LS (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Prevent Res Ctr, Dept Community Hlth & Prevent Med, 720 Westview Dr SW, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. NR 26 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1182 EP 1187 PG 6 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 750NB UT WOS:000187001700009 PM 14652278 ER PT J AU Coughlin, S Tanner, B Wilson, K Briss, P Smith, J Breslow, R White, C Lee, N Saraiya, M Rimer, B Kerner, J AF Coughlin, S Tanner, B Wilson, K Briss, P Smith, J Breslow, R White, C Lee, N Saraiya, M Rimer, B Kerner, J TI A systematic review of small media, one-on-ona education, and group education interventions to increase breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening. SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research CY OCT 26-30, 2003 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Canc Res & Prevent Fdn, SuperGen, AFLAC Inc, Avon Fdn, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly & Co, NCI, Takeda Pharmaceut N Amer Inc, Calif Breast Canc Res Program C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NCI, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 12 IS 11 SU S BP 1278S EP 1278S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 752GT UT WOS:000187153300011 ER PT J AU Martinez, ME Lanza, E Alberts, DS Schatzkin, A Jacobs, E Einspahr, J Green, S Reid, ME Ratnasinghe, L Gunter, EW AF Martinez, ME Lanza, E Alberts, DS Schatzkin, A Jacobs, E Einspahr, J Green, S Reid, ME Ratnasinghe, L Gunter, EW TI Blood selenium and colorectal adenoma recurrence; Pooled analyses from the wheat bran fiber trial and the polyp prevention trial. SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research CY OCT 26-30, 2003 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Canc Res & Prevent Fdn, SuperGen, AFLAC Inc, Avon Fdn, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly & Co, NCI, Takeda Pharmaceut N Amer Inc, Calif Breast Canc Res Program C1 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 12 IS 11 SU S BP 1280S EP 1280S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 752GT UT WOS:000187153300017 ER PT J AU Tsai, CJ Yang, SF Tibshirani, RJ Guarner, J Mohar, A Herrera-Goepfert, R Parsonnet, J AF Tsai, CJ Yang, SF Tibshirani, RJ Guarner, J Mohar, A Herrera-Goepfert, R Parsonnet, J TI Changes in gene expression in intermediate endpoints of gastric cancer: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research CY OCT 26-30, 2003 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Canc Res & Prevent Fdn, SuperGen, AFLAC Inc, Avon Fdn, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly & Co, NCI, Takeda Pharmaceut N Amer Inc, Calif Breast Canc Res Program C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Nacl Cancerol, Tlalpan, Mexico. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 12 IS 11 SU S BP 1280S EP 1280S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 752GT UT WOS:000187153300018 ER PT J AU Feng, RT Lu, YJ Castranova, V Ding, M AF Feng, RT Lu, YJ Castranova, V Ding, M TI Berry extracts inhibit activating protein 1 (AP-1) function and cell transformation by perturbing the mitogenic signaling pathway. SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research CY OCT 26-30, 2003 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Canc Res & Prevent Fdn, SuperGen, AFLAC Inc, Avon Fdn, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly & Co, NCI, Takeda Pharmaceut N Amer Inc, Calif Breast Canc Res Program C1 NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 12 IS 11 SU S BP 1299S EP 1299S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 752GT UT WOS:000187153300091 ER PT J AU Crump, S Shipp, M Morris, S McCray, G Johnson-Thorne, S Caplan, L Okoli, J AF Crump, S Shipp, M Morris, S McCray, G Johnson-Thorne, S Caplan, L Okoli, J TI Adherence to diagnostic follow-up recommendations for abnormal mammograms: Are community lay health advocates the answer? SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research CY OCT 26-30, 2003 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Canc Res & Prevent Fdn, SuperGen, AFLAC Inc, Avon Fdn, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly & Co, NCI, Takeda Pharmaceut N Amer Inc, Calif Breast Canc Res Program C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Grady Hlth Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 12 IS 11 SU S BP 1304S EP 1304S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 752GT UT WOS:000187153300108 ER PT J AU Perera, F Tang, D Jedrychowski, W Hemminki, K Santella, RM Cruz, LA Borjas, M Bernert, JT Whyatt, RM AF Perera, F Tang, D Jedrychowski, W Hemminki, K Santella, RM Cruz, LA Borjas, M Bernert, JT Whyatt, RM TI Biomarkers in maternal and newborn blood indicate heightened fetal susceptibility to procarcinogenic DNA damage SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research CY OCT 26-30, 2003 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Canc Res & Prevent Fdn, SuperGen, AFLAC Inc, Avon Fdn, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly & Co, NCI, Takeda Pharmaceut N Amer Inc, Calif Breast Canc Res Program C1 Columbia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Krakow, Poland. Karolinska Inst, Novum, Huddinge, Sweden. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 12 IS 11 SU S BP 1307S EP 1307S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 752GT UT WOS:000187153300121 ER PT J AU Dorgan, JE Boayke, NA Fears, TR Schleicher, RL Helsel, W Anderson, C Robinson, J Guin, JD Lessin, S Ratnasinghe, LD Tangrea, JA AF Dorgan, JE Boayke, NA Fears, TR Schleicher, RL Helsel, W Anderson, C Robinson, J Guin, JD Lessin, S Ratnasinghe, LD Tangrea, JA TI Serum carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol and risk of non-melanoma skin cancer. SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research CY OCT 26-30, 2003 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Canc Res & Prevent Fdn, SuperGen, AFLAC Inc, Avon Fdn, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly & Co, NCI, Takeda Pharmaceut N Amer Inc, Calif Breast Canc Res Program C1 Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. Temple Univ, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Informat Management Serv Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. Loyola Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Univ Arkansas, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 12 IS 11 SU S BP 1339S EP 1339S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 752GT UT WOS:000187153300245 ER PT J AU Ruffin, MT Bailey, JM Normolle, DP Michael, CW Bieniasz, ME Fonde, KR Johnston, CM Reed, BD Brenner, DE Kmak, DC Unger, ER AF Ruffin, MT Bailey, JM Normolle, DP Michael, CW Bieniasz, ME Fonde, KR Johnston, CM Reed, BD Brenner, DE Kmak, DC Unger, ER TI Topical all-trans retinoic acid in high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research CY OCT 26-30, 2003 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Canc Res & Prevent Fdn, SuperGen, AFLAC Inc, Avon Fdn, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly & Co, NCI, Takeda Pharmaceut N Amer Inc, Calif Breast Canc Res Program C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 12 IS 11 SU S BP 1352S EP 1352S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 752GT UT WOS:000187153300293 ER PT J AU Jiang, B Snipes-Magaldi, L Dennehy, P Keyserling, H Holman, RC Bresee, J Gentsch, J Glass, RI AF Jiang, B Snipes-Magaldi, L Dennehy, P Keyserling, H Holman, RC Bresee, J Gentsch, J Glass, RI TI Cytokines as mediators for or effectors against rotavirus disease in children SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE-RESPONSE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; VIRUS; DIARRHEA; INTERLEUKIN-10; INFECTION; VACCINE; LYMPHOCYTES; PROTECTION; INTERFERON AB Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in young children, but the pathogenesis and immunity of this disease are not completely understood. To examine the host response to acute infection, we collected paired serum specimens from 30 children with rotavirus diarrhea and measured the levels of nine cytokines (interleukin-1beta [IL-1beta], IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha]) using a microsphere-based Luminex Flowmetrix system. Patients with acute rotavirus infection had elevated median levels of seven cytokines in serum, and of these, the levels of three (IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-gamma) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those in serum from control children without diarrhea. Patients with fever had significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels of IL-6 in serum than control children, and those with fever and more episodes of diarrhea had significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels of TNF-alpha than those without fever and with fewer episodes of diarrhea. We further demonstrated a negative association (P < 0.05) between the levels of IL-2 and the number of stools on the day on which the first blood sample was collected. Finally, patients with vomiting had significantly (P < 0.05) lower levels of IFN-gamma than those without vomiting. Our pilot study provides evidence that the types and magnitudes of cytokine responses to rotavirus infection in children influence or reflect the clinical outcome of disease. These findings suggest that certain cytokines may play an important role in the pathogenesis of and the protection against rotavirus disease in children and, consequently, may provide directions and insights that could prove critical to the prevention or treatment of this important disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect MS G04, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Brown Univ, Rhode Isl Hosp, Providence, RI 02903 USA. RP Jiang, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect MS G04, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Dennehy, Penelope/0000-0002-2259-5370 NR 48 TC 71 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 10 IS 6 BP 995 EP 1001 DI 10.1128/CDLI.10.6.995-1001.2003 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 745PX UT WOS:000186698000004 PM 14607858 ER PT J AU Romero-Steiner, S Frasch, C Concepcion, N Goldblatt, D Kayhty, H Cakevainen, M Laferriere, C Wauters, D Nahm, MH Schinsky, MF Plikaytis, BD Carlone, GM AF Romero-Steiner, S Frasch, C Concepcion, N Goldblatt, D Kayhty, H Cakevainen, M Laferriere, C Wauters, D Nahm, MH Schinsky, MF Plikaytis, BD Carlone, GM TI Multilaboratory evaluation of a viability assay for measurement of opsonophagocytic antibodies specific to the capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PHAGOCYTIC CAPACITY; EFFICACY; FORMULATION; SEROGROUPS; DISEASE; ADULTS; SERA AB Opsonophagocytosis is a correlate of protection that measures the functional activity of vaccine-induced antibodies. A standardized opsonophagocytosis assay (OPA) should be used as part of the evaluation of current and future pneumococcal (Pnc) pollysaccharide (Ps)-based vaccines. We enrolled five laboratories to evaluate a previously standardized viability OPA. Each laboratory was provided with a detailed OPA protocol, seven target Pnc strains (serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F), two quality control sera and 12 paired sera (blinded) from adult donors who received one dose of the 23-valent Pnc Ps vaccine. Laboratories sent their results to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for analysis. Sera were tested in duplicate (single run), and the results were averaged to yield a single OPA titer (greater than or equal to50% killing) for each serum sample. The percentage of sera within one or two dilutions of the calculated median OPA titer was determined for each laboratory and for each serotype. In general, laboratories were capable of detecting OPA titers within one or two dilutions of the median for at least 75 and 88%, respectively, of the sera tested. The level of agreement with the median OPA titers varied depending on the participating laboratory (overall agreement = 0.8 [99% confidence interval = 0.75 to 0.85]). All OPA median titers reported for quality control sera were within one dilution of the expected titer. We conclude that this OPA can be done in multiple laboratories with a high degree of interlaboratory reproducibility. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Immunol Sect, Res Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. Univ London, London WC1E 7HU, England. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Helsinki, Finland. Glaxo SmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Romero-Steiner, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Immunol Sect, Res Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-36, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Goldblatt, David/C-5972-2008; OI Goldblatt, David/0000-0002-0769-5242; Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768; Nahm, Moon/0000-0002-6922-1042 NR 26 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1019 EP 1024 DI 10.1128/CDLI.10.6.1019-1024.2003 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 745PX UT WOS:000186698000007 PM 14607861 ER PT J AU Hoover, DR Donnay, A Mitchell, CS Ziem, G Rose, NR Sabath, DE Yurkow, EJ Nakamura, R Vogt, RF Waxdal, M Margolick, JB AF Hoover, DR Donnay, A Mitchell, CS Ziem, G Rose, NR Sabath, DE Yurkow, EJ Nakamura, R Vogt, RF Waxdal, M Margolick, JB TI Reproducibility of immunological tests used to assess multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOOD; PREVALENCE; POPULATION AB Whether persons with multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome (MCS) have immunological abnormalities is unknown. To assess the reliability of selected immunological tests that have been hypothesized to be associated with MCS, replicate blood samples from 19 healthy volunteers, 15 persons diagnosed with MCS, and 11 persons diagnosed with autoimmune disease were analyzed in five laboratories for expression of four T-cell surface activation markers (CD25, CD26, CD38, and HLA-DR) and in four laboratories for autoantibodies (to smooth muscle, thyroid antigens, and myelin). For T-cell activation markers, the intrallaboratory reproducibility was very good, with 90% of the replicates analyzed in the same laboratory differing by less than or equal to3%. Interfaboratory differences were statistically significant for all T-cell subsets except CD4(+) cells, ranging from minor to eightfold for CD25(+) subsets. Within laboratories, the date of analysis was significantly associated with the values for all cellular activation markers. Although reproducibility of autoantibodies could not be precisely assessed due to the rarity of abnormal results, there were inconsistencies across laboratories. The effect of shipping on all measurements, while sometimes statistically significant, was very small. These results support the reliability of fresh and shipped samples for detecting large (but perhaps not small) differences between groups of donors in the T-cell subsets tested. When comparing markers that are not well standardized, it may be important to distribute samples from different study groups evenly over time. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. MCS Referral & Resources, Baltimore, MD USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Stat, Piscataway, NJ USA. Rutgers State Univ, Inst Hlth Hlth Care Policy & Aging Res, Piscataway, NJ USA. Rutgers State Univ, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ USA. Univ Washington, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Scripps Clin, Dept Pathol, La Jolla, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. FAST Syst Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Margolick, JB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH43450] NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1029 EP 1036 DI 10.1128/CDLI.10.6.1029-1036.2003 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 745PX UT WOS:000186698000009 PM 14607863 ER PT J AU Boise, R Petersen, R Curtis, KM Aalborg, A Yoshida, CK Cabral, R Ballentine, JM AF Boise, R Petersen, R Curtis, KM Aalborg, A Yoshida, CK Cabral, R Ballentine, JM TI Reproductive health counseling at pregnancy testing: a pilot study SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; unwanted; contraception; sexually transmitted diseases; counseling; intervention studies ID UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; CONTRACEPTIVE USE; HIV-INFECTION; MOTIVATIONAL INTERVENTION; URBAN WOMEN; RISK; ADOLESCENTS; PREVENTION; SMOKERS; REDUCE AB Objectives: To pilot brief reproductive health counseling for women obtaining pregnancy testing in a managed-care setting who did not desire pregnancy. Methods: Women received counseling, access to contraception and a booster call at 2 weeks. Changes in contraceptive behavior were evaluated. Results: Of 85 women who completed counseling, 58 (68%) completed follow-up. Participants reported that counseling was useful at baseline (94%) and follow-up (83%). The staff found the intervention important (100%) and implementation feasible (100%). Forty-one percent of participants improved their use of contraception (from no use or from less effective use to more effective use). Twenty-nine percent continued highly effective use and 9% recessed from highly effective use. Of 22 participants with risk of sexually transmitted disease, 3 (14%) began using condoms consistently, while 1 (5%) continued using condoms consistently. Conclusions: Counseling at pregnancy testing was well accepted by the staff and participants. Observed behavioral changes suggest that this intervention may be effective in increasing effective use of contraception. C1 So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Antioch, CA 94509 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sheps Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. RP Boise, R (reprint author), So Calif Permanente Med Grp, 3400 Delta Fair Blvd, Antioch, CA 94509 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 BP 377 EP 383 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2003.08.002 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 747MM UT WOS:000186808300012 PM 14636943 ER PT J AU Meltzer, MI AF Meltzer, MI TI Risks and benefits of preexposure and postexposure smallpox vaccination SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; INTRAFAMILIAL TRANSMISSION; COMPLICATIONS; HEALTH AB This article presents a model and decision criteria for evaluating a person's risk of pre- or postexposure smallpox vaccination in light of serious vaccine-related adverse events (death, postvaccine encephalitis and progressive vaccinia). Even at a 1-in-10 risk of 1,000 initial smallpox cases, a person in a population of 280 million has a greater risk for serious vaccine-related adverse events than a risk for smallpox. For a healthcare worker to accept preexposure vaccination, the risk for contact with an infectious smallpox case-patient must be >1 in 100, and the probability of 1,000 initial cases must be >1 in 1,000. A member of an investigation team would accept preexposure vaccination if his or her anticipated risk of contact is 1 in 2.5 and the risk of attack is assumed to be >1 in 16,000. The only circumstances in which postexposure vaccination would not be accepted are the following: if vaccine efficacy were <1%, the risk of transmission were <1%, and (simultaneously) the risk for serious vaccine-related adverse events were >1 in 5,000. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. RP Meltzer, MI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop D59,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2003 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1363 EP 1370 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 740CV UT WOS:000186384400001 PM 14718077 ER PT J AU Jones, JL Kruszon-Moran, D Wilson, M AF Jones, JL Kruszon-Moran, D Wilson, M TI Toxoplasma gondii infection in the United States, 1999-2000 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MILITARY RECRUITS; ANTIBODIES; PREVALENCE; SEROPREVALENCE AB Infection with Toxoplasma gondii can lead to congenital and acquired disease, resulting in loss of vision and neurologic illness. We tested sera collected in the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999-2000 for T gondii-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies and compared these results with results from sera obtained in the NHANES III survey (1988-1994). NHANES collects data on a nationally representative sample of the U.S. civilian population. Of 4,234 persons 12-49 years of age in NHANES 1999-2000, 15.8% (age-adjusted, 95% confidence limits [CL] 13.5, 18.1) were antibody positive; among women (n = 2,221) 14.9% (age-adjusted, 95% CL 12.5, 17.4) were antibody positive. T gondii antibody prevalence was higher among non-Hispanic black persons than among non-Hispanic white persons (age-adjusted prevalence 19.2% vs. 12.1%, p = 0.003) and increased with age. No statistically significant differences were found between T gondii antibody prevalence in NHANES 1999-2000, and NHANES Ill. T gondii antibody prevalence has remained stable over the past 10 years in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Jones, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop F22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 69 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2003 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1371 EP 1374 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 740CV UT WOS:000186384400002 PM 14718078 ER PT J AU Francesconi, P Yoti, Z Declich, S Onek, PA Fabiani, M Olango, J Andraghetti, R Rollin, PE Opira, C Greco, D Salmaso, S AF Francesconi, P Yoti, Z Declich, S Onek, PA Fabiani, M Olango, J Andraghetti, R Rollin, PE Opira, C Greco, D Salmaso, S TI Ebola hemorrhagic fever transmission and risk factors of contacts, Uganda SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID KIKWIT; VIRUS; CONGO; MONKEYS; ZAIRE AB From August 2000 through January 2001, a large epidemic of Ebola hemorrhagic fever occurred in Uganda, with 425 cases and 224 deaths. Starting from three laboratory-confirmed cases, we traced the chains of transmission for three generations, until we reached the primary case-patients (i.e., persons with an unidentified source of infection). We then prospectively identified the other contacts in whom the disease had developed. To identify the risk factors associated with transmission, we interviewed both healthy and ill contacts (or their proxies) who had been reported by the case-patients (or their proxies) and who met the criteria set for contact tracing during surveillance. The patterns of exposure of 24 case-patients and 65 healthy contacts were defined, and crude and adjusted prevalence proportion ratios (PPR) were estimated for different types of exposure. Contact with the patient's body fluids (PPR = 4.61%, 95% confidence interval 1.73 to 12.29) was the strongest risk factor, although transmission through fomites also seems possible. C1 Ist Super Sanita, Epidemiol & Biostat Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. St Marys Hosp, Gulu, Uganda. Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Declich, S (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Epidemiol & Biostat Lab, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. EM silvia.declich@iss.it NR 17 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 21 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2003 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1430 EP 1437 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 740CV UT WOS:000186384400012 PM 14718087 ER PT J AU Sulaiman, IM Fayer, R Bern, C Gilman, RH Trout, JM Schantz, PM Das, P Lai, AA Xiao, LH AF Sulaiman, IM Fayer, R Bern, C Gilman, RH Trout, JM Schantz, PM Das, P Lai, AA Xiao, LH TI Triosephosphate isomerase gene characterization and potential zoonotic transmission of Giardia duodenalis SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FARM-ANIMALS; INTESTINALIS; LAMBLIA; SEQUENCE; DNA; GENOTYPES; MUSKRATS; ARDEAE; CONTAMINATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB TO address the source of infection in humans and public health importance of Giardia duodenalis parasites from animals, nucleotide sequences of the triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) gene were generated for 37 human isolates, 15 dog isolates, 8 muskrat isolates, 7 isolates each from cattle and beavers, and 1 isolate each from a rat and a rabbit. Distinct genotypes were found in humans, cattle, beavers, dogs, muskrats, and rats. TPI and small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences of G. microti from muskrats were also generated and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis on the TPI sequences confirmed the formation of distinct groups. Nevertheless, a major group (assemblage B) contained most of the human and muskrat isolates, all beaver isolates, and the rabbit isolate. These data confirm that G. duodenalis from certain animals can potentially infect humans and should be useful in the detection, differentiation, and taxonomy of Giardia spp. C1 CDCP, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis, Kolkata, W Bengal, India. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), CDCP, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bldg 22,Mailstop F12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lax0@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 47 TC 265 Z9 281 U1 0 U2 12 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2003 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1444 EP 1452 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 740CV UT WOS:000186384400014 PM 14718089 ER PT J AU Adibi, JJ Perera, FP Jedrychowski, W Camann, DE Barr, D Jacek, R Whyatt, RM AF Adibi, JJ Perera, FP Jedrychowski, W Camann, DE Barr, D Jacek, R Whyatt, RM TI Prenatal exposures to phthalates among women in New York City and Krakow, Poland SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE endocrine disruption; exposure assessment; internal dose; personal air monitoring; phthalates; prenatal exposures; urban; urinary metabolites ID RAT GRANULOSA-CELLS; SUPPRESSES ESTRADIOL; METABOLITES; TOXICITY; ESTERS AB Experimental evidence has shown that certain phthalates can disrupt endocrine function and induce reproductive and developmental toxicity. However, few data are available on the extent of human exposure to phthalates during pregnancy. As part of the research being conducted by the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, we have measured levels of phthalates in 48-hr personal air samples collected from parallel cohorts of pregnant women in New York, New York, (n = 30) and in Krakow, Poland (n = 30). Spot urine samples were collected during the same 48-hr period from the New York women (n = 25). The following four phthalates or their metabolites were measured in both personal air and urine: diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP). All were present in 100% of the air and urine samples. Ranges in personal air samples were as follows: DEP (0.26-7-12 mug/m(3)), DBP (0.11-14.76 mug/m(3)), DEHP (0.05-1.08 mug/m(3)), and BBzP (0.00-0.63 mug/m(3)). The mean personal air concentrations of DBP, di-isobutyl phthalate, and DEHP are higher in Krakow, whereas the mean personal air concentration of DEP is higher in New York. Statistically significant correlations between personal air and urinary levels were found for DEP and monoethyl phthalate (r = 0.42, p < 0.05), DBP and monobutyl phthalate (r = 0.58, p < 0.01), and BBzP and monobenzyl phthalate (r = 0.65, p < 0.01). These results demonstrate considerable phthalate exposures during pregnancy among women in these two cohorts and indicate that inhalation is an important route of exposure. C1 Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Environm Hlth Sci Div, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Krakow, Poland. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Adibi, JJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Environm Hlth Sci Div, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, 60 Haven Ave,B-1, New York, NY 10032 USA. RI Adibi, Jennifer/I-8077-2016 OI Adibi, Jennifer/0000-0001-6562-8315 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5 R01 ES08977, ES 10165, P01 ES009600, P50 ES09600, R01 ES008977] NR 29 TC 150 Z9 155 U1 5 U2 42 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 111 IS 14 BP 1719 EP 1722 DI 10.1289/ehp.6235 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 741GD UT WOS:000186449600023 PM 14594621 ER PT J AU Peipins, LA Lewin, M Campolucci, S Lybarger, JA Miller, A Middleton, D Weis, C Spence, M Black, B Kapil, V AF Peipins, LA Lewin, M Campolucci, S Lybarger, JA Miller, A Middleton, D Weis, C Spence, M Black, B Kapil, V TI Radiographic abnormalities and exposure to asbestos-contaminated vermiculite in the community of Libby, Montana, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE asbestos-related disease; medical screening; pleural plaques; radiographic opacities; radiography; tremolite-actinolite; vermiculite ID TREMOLITE ACTINOLITE; MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; MINERS; MORTALITY; MORBIDITY; POPULATION; CONTACTS; WORKERS; PLAQUES AB Mining, handling, processing, and personal or commercial use of asbestos-contaminated vermiculite have led to widespread contamination of the Libby, Montana, area. We initiated a medical testing program in response to reports of respiratory illness in the community. The purpose of this analysis was to identify and quantify asbestos-related radiographic abnormalities among persons exposed to vermiculite in Libby and to examine associations between these outcomes and participants' self-reported exposures. A cross-sectional interview and medical testing were conducted in Libby from July through November 2000 and from July through September 2001. A total of 7,307 persons who had lived, worked, or played in Libby for at least 6 months before 31 December 1990 completed the interview. Of those, 6,668 participants greater than or equal to 18 years of age received chest radiographs to assess the prevalence of pleural and interstitial abnormalities. We observed pleural abnormalities in 17.8% of participants and interstitial abnormalities in < 1% of participants undergoing chest radiography. We examined 29 occupational, recreational, household, and other exposure pathways in the analysis. The prevalence of pleural abnormalities increased with increasing number of exposure pathways, ranging from 6.7% for those who reported no apparent exposures to 34.6% for those who reported &GE; 12 pathways. The factors most strongly associated with pleural abnormalities were being a former W.R. Grace worker, being older, having been a household contact of a W.R. Grace worker, and being a male. In addition to being a former W.R. Grace worker, environmental exposures and other nonoccupational risk factors were also important predictors of asbestos-related radiographic abnormalities. C1 ATSDR, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US EPA, Denver, CO USA. Montana Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Helena, MT USA. Lincoln Cty Dept Environm Hlth, Libby, MT USA. RP Lewin, M (reprint author), ATSDR, Div Hlth Studies, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 42 TC 110 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 25 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 111 IS 14 BP 1753 EP 1759 DI 10.1289/ehp.6346 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 741GD UT WOS:000186449600029 PM 14594627 ER PT J AU Bradman, A Barr, DB Henn, BGC Drumheller, T Curry, C Eskenazi, B AF Bradman, A Barr, DB Henn, BGC Drumheller, T Curry, C Eskenazi, B TI Measurement of pesticides and other toxicants in amniotic fluid as a potential biomarker of prenatal exposure: A validation study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE amniotic fluid; exposure; fetus; pesticides ID CHROMATOGRAPHY/TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; COMPUTER-MODEL; FETAL EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES; METABOLITES; PREGNANCY; URINE; MECONIUM AB Prenatal pesticide exposures may adversely affect children's health. However, exposure and health research is hampered by the lack of reliable fetal exposure data. No studies have been published that report measurements of commonly used nonpersistent pesticides in human amniotic fluid, although recent studies of pesticides in urine from pregnant women and in meconium indicate that fetuses are exposed to these chemicals. Amniotic fluid collected during amniocentesis is the only medium available to characterize direct fetal exposures early in pregnancy (similar to18 weeks of gestation). As a first step in validating this exposure biomarker, we collected 100 amniotic fluid samples slated for disposal and evaluated analytical methods to measure organophosphate and carbamate pesticides and metabolites, synthetic pyrethroid metabolites, herbicides, and chlorinated phenolic compounds. The following six phenols were detected (detection frequency): 1- and 2-naphthol (70%), 2,5-dichlorophenol (55%), carbofuranphenol (5%), ortho-phenylphenol (30%), and pentachlorophenol (15%), with geometric mean concentrations of 0.72, 0.39, 0.12, 0.13, and 0.23 mug/L, respectively, for positive values. The organophosphate metabolites diethylphosphate and dimethylphosphate were detected in two (10%) samples, and dimethylthiophosphate was detected in one (5%) sample, with geometric mean concentrations of 0.31, 0.32, and 0.43 mug/L, respectively, for positive values. These levels are low compared with levels reported in urine, blood, and meconium in other studies, but indicate direct exposures to the young fetus, possibly during critical periods of development. Results of this pilot study suggest that amniotic fluid offers a unique opportunity to investigate fetal exposures and health risks. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Childrens Hosp Cent Calif, Madera, CA USA. RP Bradman, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, 2150 Shattuck Ave,Ste 600, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5P01 ES09605-04, P30 ES01896] NR 49 TC 94 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 12 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 111 IS 14 BP 1779 EP 1782 DI 10.1289/ehp.6259 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 741GD UT WOS:000186449600033 PM 14594631 ER PT J AU Snyder, JA Weston, A Tinkle, SS Demchuk, E AF Snyder, JA Weston, A Tinkle, SS Demchuk, E TI Electrostatic potential on human leukocyte antigen: Implications for putative mechanism of chronic beryllium disease SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE chronic beryllium disease; gene-environment interactions; genetic marker; genetic susceptibility; HLA-DP; human leukocyte antigen; lung; sensitization ID T-CELLS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; METAL; HYPERSENSITIVITY; PROTEINS; ALLELES; MARKERS AB The pathobiology of chronic beryllium disease (CBD) involves the major histocompatibility complex class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA). Although occupational exposure to beryllium is the cause of CBD, molecular epidemiologic studies suggest that specific HLA-DPB1 alleles may be genetic susceptibility factors. We have studied three-dimensional structural models of HLA-DP proteins encoded by these genes. The extracellular domains of HIA-DPA1*0103/B1*1701, *1901, *0201, and *0401, and HLA-DPA1*0201/B1*1701, *1901, *0201, and *0401 were modeled from the X-ray coordinates of an HLA-DR template. Using these models, the electrostatic potential at the molecular surface of each HLA-DP was calculated and compared. These comparisons identify specific characteristics in the vicinity of the antigen-binding pocket that distinguish the different HLA-DP allotypes. Differences in electrostatics originate from the shape, specific disposition, and variation in the negatively charged groups around the pocket. The more negative the pocket potential, the greater the odds of developing CBD estimated from reported epidemiologic studies. Adverse impact is caused by charged substitutions in positions beta55, beta56, beta69, beta84, and beta85, namely, the exact same loci identified as genetic markers of CBD susceptibility as well as cobalt-lung hard metal disease. These findings suggest that certain substitutions may. promote an involuntary cation-binding site within a putatively metal-free peptide-binding pocket and therefore change the innate specificity of antigen recognition. C1 NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Sch Pharm, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Demchuk, E (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS-3030,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM edemchuk@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 111 IS 15 BP 1827 EP 1834 DI 10.1289/ehp.6327 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 760ZD UT WOS:000187864400011 PM 14630515 ER PT J AU Mannino, DM Albalak, RA Grosse, S Repace, J AF Mannino, DM Albalak, RA Grosse, S Repace, J TI Second-hand smoke exposure and blood lead levels in US children SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tobacco smoke pollution; children; blood lead; cotinine ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; CADMIUM; POPULATION; COTININE; ALCOHOL; ASTHMA; DUST AB Background: Lead is a component of tobacco and tobacco smoke, and smokers have higher blood lead levels than do nonsmokers. Methods: We examined the relation between second-hand smoke exposure and blood lead levels in a nationally representative sample of 5592 U.S. children, age 4-16 years, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). Linear and logistic regression modeling was used to adjust for known covariates. Results: Geometric mean blood lead levels were 1.5 mug/dL, 1.9 mug/dL, and 2.6 mug/dL for children with low, intermediate, and high cotinine levels, respectively. The adjusted linear regression model showed that geometric mean blood lead levels were 38% higher (95% confidence interval [CI] = 25-52%) in children with high cotinine levels compared with children who had low cotinine levels. The logistic regression models showed that children with high cotinine levels were more likely to have blood lead levels greater than or equal to10 mug/dL than were children with low cotinine levels (odds ratio [OR] = 4.4; CI = 1.9-10.5). Conclusions: Second-hand smoke could be associated with increased blood lead levels in U.S. children aged 4-16 years. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilit, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Repace Associates, Bowie, MD USA. RP Mannino, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 30 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2003 VL 14 IS 6 BP 719 EP 727 DI 10.1097/01.EDE.0000081998.02432.53 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 736FG UT WOS:000186160300014 PM 14569189 ER PT J AU Palomaki, GE Haddow, JE Bradley, LA Richards, CS Stenzel, TT Grody, WW AF Palomaki, GE Haddow, JE Bradley, LA Richards, CS Stenzel, TT Grody, WW TI Estimated analytic validity of HFE C282Y mutation testing in population screening: The potential value of confirmatory testing SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hemochromatosis; analytic validity; HFE; C282Y; proficiency testing ID HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS; QUALITY-CONTROL; LABORATORIES AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate analytic sensitivity and specificity of HFE testing for C282Y homozygosity in the hypothetical setting of population screening for hemochromatosis. Methods: We analyzed published results of the Molecular Genetics Survey performed by the American College of Medical Genetics/ College of American Pathologists between 1998 and 2002, taking into account its educational nature. Results: Analytic sensitivity for C282Y homozygosity is 98.4% (95% Cl 95.9%-99.5%). The analytic specificity is 99.8% (99.4%-99.9%). At a frequency of 40 per 10,000 for the homozygous genotype, the analytic positive predictive value is 66%. Conclusion: HFE testing for C282Y homozygosity is highly reliable. Homozygosity is uncommon in population screening, however, and confirmatory testing should be considered. C1 Fdn Blood Res, Scarborough, ME 04070 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Palomaki, GE (reprint author), Fdn Blood Res, POB 190,69 US Route 1, Scarborough, ME 04070 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR3/CCU319352] NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 5 IS 6 BP 440 EP 443 DI 10.1097/01.GIM.0000096500.66084.85 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 741WF UT WOS:000186482800004 PM 14614395 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, R Soucie, JM Evatt, B AF Kulkarni, R Soucie, JM Evatt, B CA Hemophilia Surveillance System TI Renal disease among males with haemophilia SO HAEMOPHILIA LA English DT Article DE haemophilia; haematuria; human immunodeficiency virus; hypertension; kidney; renal disease ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; HIV; HYPERTENSION; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; FAILURE; THERAPY; KIDNEY AB Haematuria is common among persons with haemophilia (PWH), but its long-term effects on the kidney and renal function are not well defined. In addition, infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis C, or exposure to nephrotoxic agents as therapy for these infections may place PWH at increased risk for renal disease. To examine factors associated with chronic renal disease (CRD) and acute renal disease (ARD) in PWH, we analysed data collected from the medical records of 3422 males with haemophilia living in six US states from 1993 to 1998. Renal disease cases were ascertained from among 2075 persons who were hospitalized at least once over the 6-year period. Of these, 60 (2.9%) were diagnosed during one or more hospitalizations with either ARD (29/60) or CRD (31/60). In multivariate analyses, we examined associations between renal disease and demographic and clinical factors including age, race, haemophilia type and severity, hypertension, diabetes, history of recent renal bleeds, presence of an inhibitor, and infection with hepatitis C or HIV. HIV infection and hypertension were strongly associated with both ARD and CRD. PWH who had ARD were also more likely to have an inhibitor than those without this diagnosis. PWH who had CRD were more likely to be older and non-white and to have had a recent admission for a kidney bleed than those without diagnosed CRD. In summary, we found that HIV infection and haemophilia-related factors including inhibitors and kidney bleeds were associated with renal disease in a cohort of males with haemophilia. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Pediat Human Dev, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Soucie, JM (reprint author), Hemophilia Surveillance, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E64, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Nocera, Francesco/0000-0001-5673-5418 NR 29 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1351-8216 J9 HAEMOPHILIA JI Haemophilia PD NOV PY 2003 VL 9 IS 6 BP 703 EP 710 DI 10.1046/j.1351-8216.2003.00821.x PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 746NH UT WOS:000186752100007 PM 14750936 ER PT J AU Liu, MY Lin, SC Liu, H Candal, F Vafai, A AF Liu, MY Lin, SC Liu, H Candal, F Vafai, A TI Identification and authentication of animal cell culture by polymerase chain reaction amplification and DNA sequencing SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE cell culture; authentication; PCR; DNA sequencing ID ISOENZYME AB Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence analysis were used to identify the species origin of cell lines used in a cell culture facility where various cell lines of different species are routinely propagated. The aldolase gene family was selected for PCR amplification because the DNA sequences of this gene are highly conserved over a wide range of animals and humans. A total of 36 cell lines representing 13 different species were selected for this study. The DNA from each cell line was amplified, and PCR products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed unique profiles of amplified bands on agarose gels that allowed differentiation among non-closely related species. However, DNA amplification of closely related species, including rat and mouse or human and primate, resulted in similar and indistinguishable banding patterns that could be further differentiated by DNA sequence analysis. These results suggested that aldolase gene amplification coupled with DNA sequence analysis is a useful tool for identification of cell lines and has potential application for use in identification of interspecies cross-contamination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Biol Branch, Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Liu, MY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Biol Branch, Sci Resources Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-D43, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mkl6@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 39 IS 10 BP 424 EP 427 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 821BT UT WOS:000221435200006 PM 14753847 ER PT J AU Boutlis, CS Lagog, M Chaisavaneeyakorn, S Misukonis, MA Bockarie, MJ Mgone, CS Wang, ZQ Morahan, G Weinberg, JB Udhayakumar, V Anstey, NM AF Boutlis, CS Lagog, M Chaisavaneeyakorn, S Misukonis, MA Bockarie, MJ Mgone, CS Wang, ZQ Morahan, G Weinberg, JB Udhayakumar, V Anstey, NM TI Plasma interleukin-12 in malaria-tolerant Papua New Guineans: Inverse correlation with Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia and peripheral blood mononuclear cell nitric oxide synthase activity SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; IL-12; IMMUNITY; SEVERITY; CHILDREN; SUPPRESSION; MACROPHAGES; MONOCYTES; CHABAUDI; DISEASE AB Interleukin-12 (IL-12) has been inversely associated with disease severity in human and murine malaria, and a polymorphism in the IL-12 p40 subunit gene (IL12B) has been associated with susceptibility to human cerebral malaria and reduced nitric oxide (NO) production. To better define the relationships between IL-12, NO, malaria parasitemia, and IL12B polymorphisms during malarial tolerance, plasma IL-12 levels and peripheral blood mononuclear cell NO synthase (NOS) activity were measured in asymptomatic Papua New Guineans exposed to intense malaria transmission. The IL-12 level was strongly inversely correlated with the density of Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia (rho = - 0.45; P < 0.001) and was predicted to decrease by 19% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10 to 27%) for each twofold increase in P. falciparum parasitemia. This is consistent with a suppressive effect of parasitemia on IL-12 production, an effect previously shown in vitro and in rodent models of disease. The IL-12 level was inversely correlated with NOS activity (r = -0.22; P = 0.007), with each twofold increase in NOS activity being predictive of a 25% (95% CI, 7 to 38%) decrease in plasma IL-12 levels. This probably reflects additional down-regulation of IL-12 by the high basal NO production and monocyte NOS expression found in the malaria-tolerant state. Neither the IL-12 level nor NOS activity was associated with either of two IL12B polymorphisms, reflecting the diversity of genetic control over immune responses in different populations. C1 No Terr Univ, Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Div Infect Dis, Int Hlth Program, Darwin, NT, Australia. Flinders Univ S Australia, No Terr Clin Sch, Darwin, NT, Australia. Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia. Papua New Guinea Inst Med Res, Madang, Papua N Guinea. Papua New Guinea Inst Med Res, Goroka, Papua N Guinea. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nat Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Anstey, NM (reprint author), Menzies Sch Hlth Res, POB 41096, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia. RI Wang, Zhiqiang/A-5835-2010 OI Wang, Zhiqiang/0000-0002-5839-743X FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI041764, R01 AI-41764] NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 71 IS 11 BP 6354 EP 6357 DI 10.1128/IAI.71.11.6354-6357.2003 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 736VR UT WOS:000186194300031 PM 14573655 ER PT J AU Secor, WE Shah, A Mwinzi, PMN Ndenga, BA Watta, CO Karanja, DMS AF Secor, WE Shah, A Mwinzi, PMN Ndenga, BA Watta, CO Karanja, DMS TI Increased density of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coreceptors CCR5 and CXCR4 on the surfaces of CD4(+) T cells and monocytes of patients with Schistosoma mansoni infection SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; HIV-1 INFECTION; EXPRESSION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; REPLICATION; PATHOGENESIS; COINFECTION; INDIVIDUALS AB Distribution of chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4, which are also coreceptors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 invasion of cells, was measured on the surfaces of CD4(+) T cells and monocytes in peripheral blood samples from a group of Kenyan car washers. Patients with active schistosomiasis displayed higher cell surface densities of these receptors than did cured schistosomiasis patients. C1 US Dept HHS, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Infect DisCtr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Secor, WE (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Infect DisCtr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NW,MS-F13, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 19 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 71 IS 11 BP 6668 EP 6671 DI 10.1128/IAI.71.11.6668-6671.2003 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 736VR UT WOS:000186194300070 PM 14573694 ER PT J AU Garber, E Gabriel, PS Lambert, L Saiman, L AF Garber, E Gabriel, PS Lambert, L Saiman, L TI A survey of latent tuberculosis infection among laboratory healthcare workers in New York City SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 07-11, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID SKIN-TEST CONVERSION; CLINICAL LABORATORIES; INCREASED RISK; URBAN; STAFF AB OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of positive tuberculin skin tests (TSTs), incidence of TST conversion, risk factors for positive TSTs, and history of active TB among HCWs in microbiology laboratories in New York City, DESIGN: Two-year survey from May 1999 to June 2001. SETTING: Nineteen microbiology laboratories. RESULTS: During the first year, interviews were conducted with 345 laboratory HCWs (mean, 18 HCWs per site; range, 2 to 51) to assess the prevalence of positive TSTs, but 3 (1%) could not recall their result and were excluded from further analyses. The mean age of the remaining 342 HCWs was 48 years; 68% (n = 233) were female, 54% (n = 183) received bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination, and 71% (n = 244) were foreign born. The prevalence of a positive TST was 57% (n = 196), but only 20% (n = 39) of the HCWs received isoniazid. The incidence of TST conversion in the second year of the study was 1% (1 of 108). Multivariate analysis identified age (odds ratio [OR] per year, 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 1.02-1.08), foreign birth (OR, 3.80; CI95, 1.98-7.28), BCG immunization (OR, 4.89; CI95, 2.72-8.80), and employment in a mycobacteriology laboratory (OR, 2.14; CI95, 1.25-3.68) as risk factors for a positive TST. Only one HCW had been treated for active TB. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of positive TSTs was high among laboratory HCWs, but the TST conversion rate was low. Higher rates of treatment for latent TB infection are desirable. C1 Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, TB Study Grp, New York, NY 10032 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Saiman, L (reprint author), Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, TB Study Grp, 630 W 168th St PH4W-470, New York, NY 10032 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U52CCU200462-18] NR 26 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 24 IS 11 BP 801 EP 806 DI 10.1086/502140 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 744HQ UT WOS:000186622600005 PM 14649766 ER PT J AU Cook, S Maw, KL Munsiff, SS Fujiwara, PI Frieden, TR AF Cook, S Maw, KL Munsiff, SS Fujiwara, PI Frieden, TR TI Prevalence of tuberculin skin test positivity and conversions among healthcare workers in New York City during 1994 to 2001 SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; PROGRAMS; RISK AB OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for tuberculin skin test positivity and conversion among New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene employees. DESIGN: Point-prevalence survey and prospective cohort analysis. Sentinel surveillance was conducted from March 1, 1994, to December 31, 2001. PARTICIPANTS: HCWs in high-risk and low-risk settings for occupational TB exposure. RESULTS: Baseline tuberculin positivity was 36.2% (600 of 1,658), 15.5% (143 of 922) among HCWs born in the United States, and 48.5% (182 of 375) among HCWs not born in the United States. There were 36 tuberculin conversions during 2,754 observation-years (rate, 1.3 per 100 person-years). For HCWs born in the United States, the risk for tuberculin conversion was greater in high-fisk occupational settings compared with low-risk settings (OR, 5.7; CI95, 1.7-19.2; P < .01). HCWs not born in the United States and those employed at the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (OCME) were at high risk for baseline tuberculin positivity (OR, 3.2; CI95, 1.7-5.8; P < .001); OCME HCWs (OR, 4.7; CI95, 2.3-9.4; P < .001), those of Asian ethnicity (OR, 4.3; CI95, 1.4-13.5; P < .01), and older HCWs (OR, 1.0; CI95, 1.0-1.1; P < .05) were at a higher risk for conversion. CONCLUSIONS: Although the prevalence of tuberculin positivity decreased after the peak of the recent TB epidemic in New York City, the conversion rate among HCWs in high-risk occupational settings for TB exposure was still greater than that among HCWs in low-risk settings. Continued surveillance of occupational TB infection is needed, especially among high-risk HCWs. C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur TB Control, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Munsiff, SS (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur TB Control, 125 Worth St,Room 216,CN 74, New York, NY 10013 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 24 IS 11 BP 807 EP 813 DI 10.1086/502141 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 744HQ UT WOS:000186622600006 PM 14649767 ER PT J AU Lambert, L Rajbhandary, S Qualls, N Budnick, L Catanzaro, A Cook, S Daniels-Cuevas, L Garber, E Reves, R AF Lambert, L Rajbhandary, S Qualls, N Budnick, L Catanzaro, A Cook, S Daniels-Cuevas, L Garber, E Reves, R TI Costs of implementing and maintaining a tuberculin skin test program in hospitals and health departments SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB OBJECTIVE: To determine (1) the annual costs of implementing and maintaining tuberculin skin test (TST) programs at participating study sites, (2) the cost of the TST program per healthcare worker (HCW), and (3) the outcomes of the TST programs, including the proportion of HCWs with a documented TST conversion and the proportion who accepted and completed treatment for latent TB infection, before and after the implementation of staffTRAK-TB software (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA). DESIGN: Cost analysis in which costs for salaries, training, supplies, radiography, and data analysis were collected for two 12-month periods (before and after the implementation of staff TRAK-TB). SETTING: Four hospitals (two university and two city) and two health departments (one small county and one big city). RESULTS: The annual cost of implementing and maintaining a TST program ranged from $66,564 to $332,728 for hospitals and $92,886 to $291,248 for health departments. The cost of the TST program per HCW ranged from $41 to $362 for hospitals and $176 to $264 for health departments. CONCLUSIONS: Costs associated with implementing and maintaining a TST program varied widely among the participating study sites, both before and after the implementation of staffTRAK-TB. Compliance with the TB infection control guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention may require a substantial investment in personnel time, effort, and commitment. C1 Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Multnomah Cty Hlth Dept, Portland, OR USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Outbreak Invest Team, Surveillance Epidemiol & Outbreak Invest Branch, Div TB Eliminat,Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lambert, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Outbreak Invest Team, Surveillance Epidemiol & Outbreak Invest Branch, Div TB Eliminat,Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 24 IS 11 BP 814 EP 820 DI 10.1086/502142 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 744HQ UT WOS:000186622600007 PM 14649768 ER PT J AU Larson, JL Lambert, L Stricof, RL Driscoll, J McGarry, MA Ridzon, R AF Larson, JL Lambert, L Stricof, RL Driscoll, J McGarry, MA Ridzon, R TI Potential nosocomial exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a bronchoscope SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED BRONCHOSCOPE; APIC GUIDELINE; TRANSMISSION; DISINFECTION; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; IDENTIFICATION; MACHINE AB OBJECTIVE: To investigate a possible nosocomial outbreak of tuberculosis (TB). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Community hospital. METHODS: We reviewed medical records, hospital infection control measures, and potential locations of nosocomial exposure. We examined the results of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smears, cultures, and drug susceptibility testing, and performed a DNA fingerprint analysis. We observed laboratory specimen processing procedures and bronchoscope disinfection procedures. We also reviewed bronchoscopy records. RESULTS: In October 2000, three patients had bronchoscopy specimen cultures that were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Of the three, only one had clinical signs and symptoms consistent with TB and positive AFB sputum smears. The other two did not have signs and symptoms consistent with TB and had no known exposure to individuals with infectious TB. The three M. tuberculosis isolates had matching DNA fingerprints. No evidence of laboratory cross-contamination was identified. The three culture-positive specimens of M. tuberculosis were collected with the same bronchoscope within 9 days. This bronchoscope was inadequately cleaned and disinfected between patients, and the automated reprocessor used was not approved for use with the hospital bronchoscope. CONCLUSIONS: One of the bronchoscopes at this hospital was contaminated with M. tuberculosis during bronchoscopy of an AFB-smear-positive patient. Subsequent specimen contamination likely occurred because the bronchoscope had been inadequately cleaned and disinfected. Patients who subsequently underwent bronchoscopy were also potentially exposed to M. tuberculosis from this bronchoscope. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ridzon, R (reprint author), Billl & Melinda Gates Fdn, POB 23350, Seattle, WA 98102 USA. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 24 IS 11 BP 825 EP 830 DI 10.1086/502144 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 744HQ UT WOS:000186622600009 PM 14649770 ER PT J AU Tan, CG Ostrawski, S Bresnitz, EA AF Tan, CG Ostrawski, S Bresnitz, EA TI A preventable outbreak of pneumococcal pneumonia among unvaccinated nursing home residents in New Jersey during 2001 SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB OBJECTIVE: To characterize risk factors for invasive pneumococcal infection in a nursing home outbreak. DESIGN: Outbreak investigation, case-control study. SETTING: A 114-bed nursing home in New Jersey. PARTICIPANTS: Case-patients were nursing home residents hospitalized with febrile respiratory illness and radiographic findings consistent with pneumonia, and either sputum specimens positive for diplococci or blood cultures positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae, with illness onset during April 3-24, 2001. Control-patients were selected randomly from remaining residents without respiratory symptoms. METHODS: Chart reviews were performed for case-patients and control-patients. Serotyping and susceptibility testing were performed on S. pneumoniae isolates. Long-term-care facilities (LTCFs) were surveyed to assess compliance with a state regulation mandating pneumococcal vaccination of residents 65 years and older. RESULTS: Nine case-Patients were identified, with a median age of 86 years (range, 78 to 100 years). The median age of control-patients was 86 years (range, 58 to 95 years). No case-patients versus 9 (50%) control-patients received pneumococcal vaccine before the outbreak (OR, 0; CI95, 0-0.7). Recent antibiotic use, pneumonia history, and physical functioning were not associated with illness. Illness attack rate was 16% among all unvaccinated residents versus 0 among vaccinated residents. S. pneumoniae serotype 14, included in pneumococcal vaccine, was isolated from blood cultures of 7 case-patients. Of 361 LTCFs (42%) that replied to the survey, 28 (8%) were not complying with state immunization regulations. CONCLUSIONS: This outbreak occurred in an LTCF with low vaccine coverage. Implementing standing order programs, enforcing regulations, documenting vaccinations, and providing education might increase coverage among nursing home residents. C1 New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. New Jersey Hlth & Senior Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tan, CG (reprint author), New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, 3635 Quakerbridge Rd, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. NR 10 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 24 IS 11 BP 848 EP 852 DI 10.1086/502148 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 744HQ UT WOS:000186622600013 PM 14649774 ER PT J AU O'Mara, D Fukuda, K Singleton, JA AF O'Mara, D Fukuda, K Singleton, JA TI Influenza vaccine: Ensuring timely and adequate supplies SO INFECTIONS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE influenza vaccine; vaccine supply and distribution ID IMPACT; VIRUS AB In 2000 and 2001, influenza vaccine production and distribution were delayed, negatively impacting efforts to vaccinate target groups for which vaccine coverage levels were already unacceptably low. These delays revealed the fragility and unpredictability of the existing production and distribution systems and highlighted the need to consider changes. The CDC has worked closely with many partners and stakeholders to attempt to address the problems that the delays created and to make preparations should delays arise in the future. A number of more substantial measures may be needed to strengthen the existing systems to ensure an adequate and timely supply of influenza vaccine every year. C1 CDCP, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Influenza Branch,Viral & Rickettsial Dis Div, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP O'Mara, D (reprint author), CDCP, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCP COMMUNICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 134 W 29TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001-5304 USA SN 0749-6524 J9 INFECT MED JI Infect. Med. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 20 IS 11 BP 548 EP 554 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 748CJ UT WOS:000186844400011 ER PT J AU Wang, JJ Marshall, WD Law, B Lewis, DM AF Wang, JJ Marshall, WD Law, B Lewis, DM TI Fragmentation patterns of DNA-benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide adducts characterized by nanoflow LC/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE DNA adducts; nanoflow LC/Q-TOF-MS ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DNA ADDUCT; RISK ASSESSMENT; IDENTIFICATION; BENZOPYRENE; EXPOSURE; MICE AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a pervasive and abundant class of environmental and workplace pollutants. Formation of covalent DNA adducts has been considered to be a useful dosimeter or molecular biomarker for assessing the exposure to such pollutants. The establishment of prospective models for the formation of DNA adducts may help to understand the mechanisms of the effects. To identify the DNA adducts in this study, the fragmentation patterns of DNA-benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide adducts were characterized by nanoflow liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to hybrid quadrupole orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS). In the experiment, the DNA adducts were synthesized by reaction of calf thymus DNA with anti-benzo(a)pyrene-r-7,t-8-dihydrodiol-t-9,10-epoxide(+/-) (anti-BPDE). The major adducts of N-2-deoxyguanosine-benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (N-2 -dC-BPDE), N-3-deoxyadenosine-benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (N-6-dA-BPDE), N-4-deoxycytidine-benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-epoxide (N-4-dC-BPDE), and N-3-deoxythymidine-benzo (a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide adduct (N-3-dT-BPDE) were identified by electrospray positive ionization with TOF-MS/MS scan mode. The results of this study demonstrated that the approach that utilizes collision-induced dissociation leading to a characteristic fragmentation pattern offers a distinct advantage for identification and elucidation of molecular structural features of the DNA adducts. The fragmentation patterns established in this study may be applied to identify DNA adducts in biological systems. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Food Sci & Anim Ind, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. RP Wang, JJ (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 230 IS 1 BP 45 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2003.08.004 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 733PC UT WOS:000186009000007 ER PT J AU Kherosheva, T Thorpe, LE Kiryanova, E Rybka, L Gerasichev, V Shulgina, M Nemtsova, E Aptekar, T Kluge, H Jakubowiak, W Grzemska, M Aquino, G Wells, C Kazionny, B AF Kherosheva, T Thorpe, LE Kiryanova, E Rybka, L Gerasichev, V Shulgina, M Nemtsova, E Aptekar, T Kluge, H Jakubowiak, W Grzemska, M Aquino, G Wells, C Kazionny, B TI Encouraging outcomes in the first year of a TB control demonstration program: Orel Oblast, Russia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; outcomes; Russia; WHO TB control strategy; cohort analysis ID TUBERCULOSIS; PRISON AB SETTING: Orel, Russia. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) patients treated in the first year of a TB control demonstration project using a revised strategy of directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS). Standard methods recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) were adapted to include mycobacterial cultures. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis of TB patients diagnosed between October 1999 and September 2000. RESULTS: Among 749 TB patients, 65% had bacteriologic confirmation of pulmonary TB, 31% were diagnosed clinically, and 4% had extra-pulmonary TB. Most (92%) had no previous TB treatment, but 8% were identified as retreatment cases. Of all patients, 41% had new sputum smear-positive TB. No patients were HIV-infected. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB levels were 3% among new and 17% among retreatment patients. Among new smear-positive patients, treatment success was 79% (72% cure, 7% completion); remaining outcomes were 8% failure, 3% default, 8% death, and 1% transfer. Success rates for new culture-positive and clinically diagnosed patients were 81 % and 91 %, respectively. CONCLUSION: Despite historical differences, successful implementation of the revised TB strategy in Russia is possible. Treatment success rates were high, suggesting WHO targets of 85% cure for smear-positive patients is attainable. Obstacles include drug resistance and elevated death rates among smear-positive patients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Atlanta, GA USA. Orel Oblast TB Control Program, Orel Oblast TB Dispensary, Oryol, Russia. Russian Acad Med Sci, Cent TB Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. Cent SIZO TB Hosp, Orel Dept Prison Adm, Oryol, Russia. WHO, Off Special Representat Director Gen, Moscow, Russia. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Thorpe, LE (reprint author), NYC Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Div Epidemiol, Rm 315,125 Worth St, New York, NY 10013 USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 7 IS 11 BP 1045 EP 1051 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 737GT UT WOS:000186222600006 PM 14598963 ER PT J AU Fowler, MG Mofenson, L McConnell, M AF Fowler, MG Mofenson, L McConnell, M TI The interface of perinatal HIV prevention, antiretroviral drug resistance, and antiretroviral treatment - What so we really know? SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MATERNAL-INFANT TRANSMISSION; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; PREGNANT-WOMEN; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; ZIDOVUDINE RESISTANCE; NEVIRAPINE; TYPE-1; THERAPY; MUTATIONS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NICHHD, Ctr Res Mothers & Children, Pediat Adolescent & Maternal AIDS Branch, Rockville, MD USA. RP Fowler, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 34 IS 3 BP 308 EP 311 DI 10.1097/00126334-200311010-00009 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 740YW UT WOS:000186431700009 PM 14600577 ER PT J AU Gardner, LI Klein, RS Szczech, LA Phelps, RM Tashima, K Rompalo, AM Schuman, P Sadek, RF Tong, TC Greenberg, A Holmberg, SD AF Gardner, LI Klein, RS Szczech, LA Phelps, RM Tashima, K Rompalo, AM Schuman, P Sadek, RF Tong, TC Greenberg, A Holmberg, SD CA HIV Epidemiology Res Study Grp TI Rates and risk factors for condition-specific hospitalizations in HIV-infected and uninfected women SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; women; hospitalization rates; renal abnormalities; hospitalization risk factors ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; STAGE LIVER-DISEASE; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; EPIDEMIOLOGY RESEARCH; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; MORTALITY; COHORT; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; LIPODYSTROPHY AB Background: The rates and risk factors for overall and medical condition-specific hospitalizations in HIV-positive women have not been examined in detail or compared with rates in risk factor-matched HIV-negative women. Objective: To determine the rates and risk factors for overall and condition-specific hospitalizations. Methods: Prospective cohort study of 885 HIV-positive women and 425 HIV-negative women followed for semiannual research visits between 1993 and 2000 in 4 urban locations in the United States. Outcome measures were hospitalization diagnoses with diabetes mellitus, nonacute renal conditions, cardiovascular conditions, liver conditions, AIDS defining conditions, and overall hospitalizations. Clinical and laboratory risk factors were assessed at research visits every 6 months, and effects of risk factors on hospitalization rates were calculated using generalized estimating equations and Poisson regression. Results: Renal laboratory abnormalities, hypertension, and clinical AIDS were each associated with 3 of the 5 condition-specific hospitalization rates. Over time, diabetes-, nonacute renal-, and cardiovascular-related rates were flat or slightly increased and liver-related rates were significantly increased in HIV-positive women. Hospitalization rates with an AIDS-defining condition declined sharply in the latter half of the study period. Conclusions: In this population of largely African-American, inner-city, HIV-infected women, renal abnormalities, hypertension, and hepatitis C virus infection were common. Rate ratios indicated that "non-AIDS" risk factors were important predictors of hospitalization. In the highly active antiretroviral therapy era, clinicians must pay attention to these risk factors for morbidity and should closely monitor renal abnormalities, hypertension, and hepatitis status. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div HIV AIDS, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Med, Bronxville, NY USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Bronx, NY USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Durham, NC USA. Miriam Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RP Gardner, LI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div HIV AIDS, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-45,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64\CCU306802, U64\CCU506831, U64\CCU106795, U64\CCU206798] NR 46 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 34 IS 3 BP 320 EP 330 DI 10.1097/00126334-200311010-00011 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 740YW UT WOS:000186431700011 PM 14600579 ER PT J AU Fowler, MG Moorman, A Tong, TC Holmberg, S Greenberg, AE AF Fowler, MG Moorman, A Tong, TC Holmberg, S Greenberg, AE TI Does prior short-course nevirapine reduce the effectiveness of subsequent combination treatment with efavirenz? SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Letter ID RESISTANCE MUTATIONS; TRANSMISSION; WOMEN C1 Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV Prevent SE, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fowler, MG (reprint author), Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV Prevent SE, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 34 IS 3 BP 348 EP 350 DI 10.1097/00126334-200311010-00017 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 740YW UT WOS:000186431700017 PM 14600585 ER PT J AU Kershaw, TS Niccolai, LM Ickovics, JR Lewis, JB Meade, CS Ethier, KA AF Kershaw, TS Niccolai, LM Ickovics, JR Lewis, JB Meade, CS Ethier, KA TI Short and long-term impact of adolescent pregnancy on postpartum contraceptive use: Implications for prevention of repeat pregnancy SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE adolescents; condom use; reproductive health ID LEVONORGESTREL IMPLANTS; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; LONGITUDINAL DATA; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; RISK; MOTHERS; OUTCOMES; PREDICTORS; BEHAVIOR AB Purpose: To describe patterns and changes in contraceptive use among pregnant adolescents in early and later postpartum compared with nonpregnant adolescents. Methods: One-hundred-seventy-six pregnant and 187 nonpregnant adolescents, recruited through community clinics, were interviewed three times (baseline, 6-month follow-up, 12-month follow-up) about their condom and hormonal contraceptive practices. Changes in contraception use and patterns of consistent hormonal and/or condom use were examined. Statistical analyses included General Estimating Equations (GEE) and multinomial regression. Results: Pregnant adolescents increased hormonal contraceptive use from baseline to early postpartum, but decreased use from early postpartum to late postpartum. Nonpregnant adolescents did not change their hormonal contraceptive use over time. Neither group changed condom use over time. Pregnant adolescents were more likely to be consistent dual users and hormonal-only users during the 6-month follow-up compared with nonpregnant adolescents. These findings persisted at the 12-month follow-up, although there was a decline in hormonal contraception use. Conclusions: Adolescents change their contraceptive use during the postpartum period. Given the slight decline in contraceptive use in late postpartum in this sample, more work is necessary to maintain motivation to continue these positive postpartum trends. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2003. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Ctr Interdisciplinary Res AIDS, New Haven, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Kershaw, TS (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 135 Coll St,Suite 323, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [P01 MH/DA56826-01A1, 1 T32 MH20031-02] NR 30 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD NOV PY 2003 VL 33 IS 5 BP 359 EP 368 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(03)00138-1 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 735PP UT WOS:000186124000008 PM 14596957 ER PT J AU Makela, MJ Tripp, R Dakhama, A Park, JW Ikemura, T Joetham, A Waris, M Anderson, LJ Gelfand, EW AF Makela, MJ Tripp, R Dakhama, A Park, JW Ikemura, T Joetham, A Waris, M Anderson, LJ Gelfand, EW TI Prior airway exposure to allergen increases virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE airway hyperresponsiveness; asthma; allergen; viral infection; T lymphocytes; cytokines ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; NASOPHARYNGEAL SECRETIONS; SENSITIZED MICE; INFECTION; INFLAMMATION; RESPONSES; BRONCHIOLITIS; SEVERITY; INFANTS; CELLS AB Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in early life can lead to changes in airway function, but there are likely additional predisposing factors, such as prior allergen exposure, determining which children develop wheezing and asthma. Objective: To define the effects of prior airway exposure to sensitizing allergen on the development of airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to subsequent RSV infection. Methods: BALB/c mice were exposed to ovalbumin or PBS exclusively through the airways and subsequently infected with RSV or sham-inoculated. AHR, lung inflammation, and the frequency of cytokine-producing T lymphocytes in the lung were determined. Results: In PBS-exposed mice, RSV infection induced AHR and an increased proportion of T(H)1-type (IFN-gamma and IL-12) cytokine-producing cells in the lungs. However, in mice previously exposed to ovalbumin through the airways and subsequently infected with RSV, the degree of AHR was significantly increased and was associated with an increased proportion of T(H)2 (IL-4, IL-5) cytokine-producing T lymphocytes. This response was also associated with an increased accumulation of eosinophils, neutrophils, and CD8(+) T cells in the lungs. Conclusions: These data suggest that prior airway exposure to allergen may predispose sensitized hosts to a greater degree of altered airway function upon subsequent respiratory viral infection. C1 Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Cell Biol, Denver, CO 80206 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Turku, Dept Pulm Dis & Clin Allergol, Turku, Finland. RP Gelfand, EW (reprint author), Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Cell Biol, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206 USA. RI Tripp, Ralph/F-5218-2011; Waris, Matti/A-6418-2008; OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-36577, HL-61005] NR 28 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 112 IS 5 BP 861 EP 869 DI 10.1067/mai.2003.1768 PG 9 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 743BV UT WOS:000186553300006 PM 14610471 ER PT J AU Wilson, B Grant, KB Lubin, IM AF Wilson, B Grant, KB Lubin, IM TI Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction-based genotyping of a normal variation in human color vision SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; PIGMENTS; GENE; EXPRESSION; GREEN C1 Georgia State Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Biotechnol & Drug Design, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Practice Evaluat & Genom Branch, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Wilson, B (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Biotechnol & Drug Design, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 80 IS 11 BP 1289 EP 1291 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 731QR UT WOS:000185898400015 ER PT J AU Brandt, ME Warnock, DW AF Brandt, ME Warnock, DW TI Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and therapy of infections caused by dematiaceous fungi SO JOURNAL OF CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE chromoblastomycosis; phaeohyphomycosis; eumycotic mycetoma; dermatomycosis; keratomycosis; sinusitis; nomenclature; epidemiology; clinical manifestations; antifungal therapy ID NERVOUS-SYSTEM PHEOHYPHOMYCOSIS; FONSECAEA-PEDROSOI; EXOPHIALA-JEANSELMEI; XYLOHYPHA-BANTIANA; AMPHOTERICIN-B; SUBCUTANEOUS PHEOHYPHOMYCOSIS; CEREBRAL PHEOHYPHOMYCOSIS; CLADOPHIALOPHORA-BANTIANA; CLADOSPORIUM-TRICHOIDES; HENDERSONULA-TORULOIDEA AB The dematiaceous (brown-pigmented) fungi are a large and heterogenous group of moulds that cause a wide range of diseases including phaeohyphomycosis, chromoblastomycosis, and eumycotic mycetoma. Among the more important human pathogens are Alternaria species, Bipolaris species, Cladophialophora bantiana, Curvularia species, Exophiala species, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Madurella species, Phialophora species, Scedosporium prolificans, Scytalidium dimidiatum, and Wangiella dermatitidis. These organisms are widespread in the environment, being found in soil, wood, and decomposing plant debris. Cutaneous, subcutaneous, and corneal infections with dematiaceous fungi occur worldwide, but are more common in tropical and subtropical climates. Infection results from traumatic implantation. Most cases occur in immunocompetent individuals. Dematiaceous moulds are also important causes of invasive sinusitis and allergic fungal sinusitis. Infection is thought to follow inhalation. Although cerebral infection is the commonest form of systemic phaeohyphomycosis, other localized deep forms of the disease, such as arthritis, and endocarditis, have been reported. Disseminated infection is uncommon, but its incidence is increasing, particularly among immunocompromised individuals. Scedosporium prolificans is the most frequent cause. A number of dematiaceous fungi are neurotropic, including Cladophialophora bantiana, Ramichloridium mackenziei, and Wangiella dermatitidis. Although cases have occurred in immunocompromised persons, cerebral phaeohyphomycosis is most common in immunocompetent individuals with no obvious risk factors. Most forms of disease caused by dematiaceous fungi require both surgical and medical treatment. Itraconazole is currently the most effective antifungal agent for chromoblastomycosis and subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis, while ketoconazole remains useful for mycetoma. Extensive surgical debridement combined with arnphotericin B treatment is recommended for chronic invasive sinusitis. Long-term treatment with itraconazole has led to improvement or remission in some patients that had failed to respond to amphotericin B. Allergic fungal sinusitis requires surgical removal of impacted mucin combined with postoperative oral corticosteroids. Antifungal treatment is not usually of benefit, but post-operative itraconazole may reduce the need for reoperation. The clinical outcome of cerebral and other deep-seated forms of phaeohyphomycosis is dismal, with long-term survival being reported only when complete surgical resection of discrete lesions is possible. The development of new antifungal agents and combination treatment may help to improve the management of these infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brandt, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Mbrandt@cdc.gov; DWarnock@cdc.gov NR 90 TC 118 Z9 127 U1 3 U2 16 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1120-009X EI 1973-9478 J9 J CHEMOTHERAPY JI J. Chemother. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 15 SU 2 BP 36 EP 47 PG 12 WC Oncology; Infectious Diseases; Pathology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Infectious Diseases; Pathology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 758ZC UT WOS:000187711600005 PM 14708965 ER PT J AU Fleming, ST Pearce, KA McDavid, K Pavlov, D AF Fleming, ST Pearce, KA McDavid, K Pavlov, D TI The development and validation of a comorbidity index for prostate cancer among Black men SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE comorbidity; claims data; administrative data; Medicare; prostate cancer; survival analysis ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; CO-MORBIDITY; OUTCOMES; SURVIVAL; HOSPITALIZATION; COMPLICATIONS; DURATION; TIME; END AB Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a comorbidity index specific to Black Men with prostate cancer, because certain comorbidities and prostate cancer are particularly prevalent among this racial group. Methods: This research used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare-linked database to develop an index of comorbidity burden based on survival, and the presence/absence of comorbid illness in 2,931 Black males diagnosed with prostate cancer. Comorbidity burden was recognized using inpatient, outpatient, and physician claims for a 2-year period prior to the diagnosis of prostate cancer. We compared five different statistical models, each with two-way, three-way, and/or four-way interactions among the comorbidities, and selected the model with only two-way interactions as the optimal choice. We demonstrated the utility of refining the simplest model, with 27 comorbidity categories only, by adjusting for the number of different diagnoses within statistically significant categories. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Family Practice, Kentucky Clin, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Pfizer Inc, Biostat & Reporting, New London, CT 06320 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Fleming, ST (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Family Practice, Kentucky Clin, 121 Washington Ave,Room 113C, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU300860] NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 56 IS 11 BP 1064 EP 1075 DI 10.1016/S0895-4356(03)00213-0 PG 12 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 745ND UT WOS:000186694000006 PM 14614997 ER PT J AU McDougal, LK Steward, CD Killgore, GE Chaitram, JM McAllister, SK Tenover, FC AF McDougal, LK Steward, CD Killgore, GE Chaitram, JM McAllister, SK Tenover, FC TI Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the United States: Establishing a national database SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; METHICILLIN-RESISTANT; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; PANDEMIC CLONES; COMMUNITY; STRAINS; VANCOMYCIN; HOSPITALS; INFECTIONS; EVOLUTION AB Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA) is a virulent pathogen responsible for both health care-associated and community onset disease. We used SmaI-digested genomic DNA separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to characterize 957 S. aureus isolates and establish a database of PFGE patterns. In addition to PFGE patterns of U.S. strains, the database contains patterns of representative epidemic-type strains from the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia; previously described ORSA clonal-type isolates; 13 vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) isolates, and two high-level vancomycin-resistant, vanA-positive strains (VRSA). Among the isolates from the United States, we identified eight lineages, designated as pulsed-field types (PFTs) USA100 through USA800, seven of which included both ORSA and oxacillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates. With the exception of the PFT pairs USA100 and USA800, and USA300 and USA500, each of the PFTs had a unique multilocus sequence type and spa type motif. The USA100 PFT, previously designated as the New York/Tokyo clone, was the most common PFT in the database, representing 44 10 of the ORSA isolates. USA100 isolates were typically multiresistant and included all but one of the U.S. VISA strains and both VRSA isolates. Multiresistant ORSA isolates from the USA200, -500, and -600 PFTs have PFGE patterns similar to those of previously described epidemic strains from Europe and Australia. The USA300 and -400 PFTs contained community isolates resistant only to beta-lactam drugs and erythromycin. Noticeably absent from the U.S. database were isolates with the previously described Brazilian and EMRSA15 PFGE patterns. These data suggest that there are a limited number of ORSA genotypes present in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McDougal, LK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, MS G-08,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 68 TC 910 Z9 938 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 41 IS 11 BP 5113 EP 5120 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.11.5113-5120.2003 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 745AR UT WOS:000186665500030 PM 14605147 ER PT J AU Zhou, L Singh, A Jiang, JL Xiao, LH AF Zhou, L Singh, A Jiang, JL Xiao, LH TI Molecular surveillance of Cryptosporidium spp. in raw wastewater in Milwaukee: Implications for understanding outbreak occurrence and transmission dynamics SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OOCYSTS; SAMPLES AB Six Cryptosporidium spp. were found in 50 of 179 Milwaukee wastewater samples collected weekly over a year. Of the eight subtypes of Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum present, allele Ib was found in 14 of 16 samples, and its sequence was identical to that of the subtype in human samples from the 1993 Milwaukee outbreak of cryptosporidiosis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. City Milwaukee Publ Hlth Labs, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bldg 22,Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 9 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 41 IS 11 BP 5254 EP 5257 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.11.5254-5257.2003 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 745AR UT WOS:000186665500059 PM 14605176 ER PT J AU Ridderhof, JC Williams, LO Legois, S Shult, PA Metchock, B Kubista, LN Handsfield, JH Fehd, RJ Robinson, PH AF Ridderhof, JC Williams, LO Legois, S Shult, PA Metchock, B Kubista, LN Handsfield, JH Fehd, RJ Robinson, PH TI Assessment of laboratory performance of nucleic acid amplification tests for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMPLICOR MYCOBACTERIUM; RESPIRATORY SPECIMENS; CLINICAL-EVALUATION; PCR; COMPLEX AB nucleic acid amplification (NAA) evaluation program, 27.1% of participants used the same biological safety cabinet for NAA and specimen processing; 28.8% reported not using unidirectional workflow. An association between false positives and adverse responses to quality assurance questions (P = 0.04) illustrated the need for following NCCLS recommendations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Williams, LO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Mailstop G25,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 41 IS 11 BP 5258 EP 5261 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.11.5258-5261.2003 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 745AR UT WOS:000186665500060 PM 14605177 ER PT J AU Thinkhamrop, J Limpongsanurak, S Festin, MR Daly, S Schuchat, A Lumbiganon, P Zell, E Chipato, T Win, AA Perilla, MJ Tolosa, JE Whitney, CG AF Thinkhamrop, J Limpongsanurak, S Festin, MR Daly, S Schuchat, A Lumbiganon, P Zell, E Chipato, T Win, AA Perilla, MJ Tolosa, JE Whitney, CG TI Infections in international pregnancy study: Performance of the optical immunoassay test for detection of group B streptococcus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE INTRAPARTUM CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; EARLY-ONSET DISEASE; RAPID DETECTION; PRETERM DELIVERY; COLONIZATION; WOMEN; MEMBRANES; RUPTURE; RISK AB We evaluated the Strep B optical immunoassay (OIA; ThermoBiostar, Inc.) for detecting light and heavy group B streptococcus colonization in 1,306 pregnant women. The women were examined at 20 to 32 weeks gestation and were from six countries. Compared to culture, the sensitivity and specificity of OIA were 13.3 and 98.4%, respectively, for light colonization and 41.5 and 97.7%, respectively, for heavy colonization. C1 Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. King Chulalongkorn Mem Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bangkok, Thailand. Univ Philippines, Dept Clin Epidemiol, Manila, Philippines. Coombe Womens Hosp, Dublin, Ireland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Zimbabwe, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Harare, Zimbabwe. Inst Med, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Yangon, Myanmar. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Res Reprod Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. RP Thinkhamrop, J (reprint author), Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. RI Khon Kaen University, Faculty of Medicine/A-3133-2009 NR 19 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 41 IS 11 BP 5288 EP 5290 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.11.5288-5290.2003 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 745AR UT WOS:000186665500069 PM 14605186 ER PT J AU Tang, KC Ehsani, JP McQueen, DV AF Tang, KC Ehsani, JP McQueen, DV TI Evidence based health promotion: recollections, reflections, and reconsiderations SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article ID EVALUATING EVIDENCE; INTERVENTIONS C1 WHO, Dept Noncommunicable Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Natl & Community Programmes, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tang, KC (reprint author), WHO, Dept Noncommunicable Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Natl & Community Programmes, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. NR 11 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0143-005X J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD NOV PY 2003 VL 57 IS 11 BP 841 EP 843 DI 10.1136/jech.57.11.841 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 739KN UT WOS:000186343800003 PM 14600105 ER PT J AU Bloland, PB Kachur, SP Williams, HA AF Bloland, PB Kachur, SP Williams, HA TI Trends in antimalarial drug deployment in sub-Saharan Africa SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE antimalarial drug resistance; Africa; malaria; drug deployment; treatment effectiveness ID HEALTH-CARE SERVICES; MALARIA-TREATMENT; CHILDHOOD ILLNESS; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; HOME TREATMENT; COMBINATION THERAPY; SELF-TREATMENT; COMMUNITY; CHILDREN; DISTRICT AB Antimalarial drug resistance is forcing newly developed pharmaceuticals into widespread use at an accelerating pace. To have the greatest public health impact, new pharmaceuticals will need to be deployed effectively in sub-Saharan Africa. Achieving effective antimalarial drug deployment over the short- to medium-term will require an appreciation of how drugs are currently used in Africa and the development of innovative approaches to optimize that use. Over the long-term, fundamental changes in the way that drugs are deployed will probably be required. There are many new strategies and initiatives that, to a greater or lesser degree, will influence how drugs are used. These influences may have a positive or negative effect on reducing malaria morbidity and mortality. The concept of analyzing and monitoring programmatic effectiveness allows for a more holistic understanding of these influences and allows for more unbiased, evidence-based decision making related to drug policy and deployment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bloland, PB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 60 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 206 IS 21 BP 3761 EP 3769 DI 10.1242/jeb.00637 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 755FW UT WOS:000187393700011 PM 14506211 ER PT J AU Glew, RH Ayaz, FA Vanderjagt, DJ Millson, M Dris, R Niskanen, R AF Glew, RH Ayaz, FA Vanderjagt, DJ Millson, M Dris, R Niskanen, R TI A research note mineral composition of medlar (Mespilus germanica) fruit at different stages of maturity SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article ID APPLES AB The mineral composition of medlar fruit collected (June 15 - October 8) in Turkey at five stages of development was studied. In the fruit, 32 minerals were analyzed and 16 minerals (Al, Ba, Ca, Cu, Co, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Sr, Ti and Zn) were present at detectable levels. The ripe medlar fruit was richest in potassium (7370 mug/g dry wt), calcium (1780 mug/g dry wt), phosphorus (1080 mug/g dry wt), magnesium (661 mug/g dry wt) and sodium (183 mug/g dry wt). During the fruit development, Al, Ba, Fe, Mn, P, Sr, and A were highest in August (unripe fruits) while the concentrations of K, Ca, Mg and Cu gradually decreased throughout development. The ripe medlar fruit is an important source of nutritionally needed minerals and trace elements, in particular Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na and A, for human populations in southeastern Europe, Turkey and Iran. C1 Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Karadeniz Tech Univ, Dept Biol, TR-61080 Trabzon, Turkey. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Appl Biol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Dris, R (reprint author), World Food RD OY, Meri Rastilantie 3 C, FIN-00980 Helsinki, Finland. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 26 IS 5 BP 441 EP 447 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2003.tb00258.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 753FH UT WOS:000187221100007 ER PT J AU Kegler, SR Coronado, VG Annest, JL Thurman, DJ AF Kegler, SR Coronado, VG Annest, JL Thurman, DJ TI Estimating nonfatal traumatic brain injury hospitalizations using an urban/rural index SO JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE negative binomial regression; traumatic brain injury AB Objective: To develop state-level estimates of the annual number of nonfatal cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulting in hospitalization. Methods: The estimation process incorporates annual nonfatal TBI hospitalization case counts from 15 states funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to conduct TBI surveillance; annual fatal TBI case counts based on National Center for Health Statistics data for all 50 states; and an index reflecting the urban/rural character of each state. These data are used to develop a negative binomial regression model that yields estimates of the annual number of nonfatal TBI hospitalization cases for each state not funded to conduct TBI surveillance. Results: Sensitivity analysis suggests that on average the estimates fall within +/-15% of the case counts that would be obtained directly from surveillance. Conclusion: In combination, the TBI case count data and the urban/rural index support effective modeling and estimation of annual nonfatal TBI hospitalization case counts at the state level. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kegler, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-K59, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Thurman, David/0000-0002-0533-7062 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0885-9701 J9 J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB JI J. Head Trauma Rehabil. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 18 IS 6 BP 469 EP 478 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 747MX UT WOS:000186809200001 PM 14707877 ER PT J AU Herlocher, ML Truscon, R Fenton, R Klimov, A Elias, S Ohmit, SE Monto, AS AF Herlocher, ML Truscon, R Fenton, R Klimov, A Elias, S Ohmit, SE Monto, AS TI Assessment of development of resistance to antivirals in the ferret model of influenza virus infection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; NEURAMINIDASE ACTIVE-SITE; A VIRUSES; MOLECULAR-BASIS; AMANTADINE; INHIBITORS; RIMANTADINE; MUTATIONS; 4-GUANIDINO-NEU5AC2EN; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB We attempted to develop in vivo resistance of influenza virus to amantadine and to zanamivir, by use of the ferret model of influenza virus infection. Resistance of influenza virus A/LosAngeles/1/87 (H3N2) to amantadine was generated within 6 days, during a single course of treatment, and mutations in the M2 gene that are characteristic of human infections were observed. In contrast, during an identical single course of treatment with zanamivir, no evidence of reduced susceptibility was demonstrated. Pooled virus shed by zanamivir-treated ferrets was used to infect another group of ferrets. Twenty virus clones grew in plaque assays containing zanamivir, indicating possible reduced susceptibility; however, none exhibited reduced susceptibility to zanamivir in neuraminidase (NA) inhibition assays. Sequencing of the NA gene of these clones revealed only a noncoding nucleotide mutation at position 685. Sequencing of the hemagglutinin gene revealed mutations at positions 53, 106, 138, 145, 166, and 186. Similar to the situation in humans, amantadine use in ferrets rapidly produces antiviral resistance, but zanamivir use does not, although nucleotide changes were observed. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Observ 109, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. GlaxoSmithKline, Med Res Ctr, Dept Virol, Stevenage, Herts, England. RP Herlocher, ML (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Observ 109, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00042] NR 37 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 9 BP 1355 EP 1361 DI 10.1086/379049 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 739JM UT WOS:000186341400012 PM 14593594 ER PT J AU Vernon, SD Shukla, SK Reeves, WC AF Vernon, SD Shukla, SK Reeves, WC TI Absence of Mycoplasma species DNA in chronic fatigue syndrome SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Clin Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Vernon, SD (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM svernon@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 52 IS 11 BP 1027 EP 1028 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.05316-0 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 803NW UT WOS:000220238800014 PM 14532349 ER PT J AU Bernacki, SH Stankovic, AK Williams, LO Beck, JC Herndon, JE Snow-Bailey, K Prior, TW Matteson, KJ Wasserman, LM Cole, EC Stenzel, TT AF Bernacki, SH Stankovic, AK Williams, LO Beck, JC Herndon, JE Snow-Bailey, K Prior, TW Matteson, KJ Wasserman, LM Cole, EC Stenzel, TT TI Establishment of stably EBV-transformed cell lines from residual clinical blood samples for use in performance evaluation and quality assurance in molecular genetic testing SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Article ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; CRYOPRESERVED LYMPHOCYTES; IMMORTALIZATION AB Positive control materials for clinical molecular genetic testing applications are currently in critically short supply or non-existent for many genetically based diseases of public health importance. Here we demonstrate that anonymous, residual, clinical blood samples are potential sources of viable lymphocytes for establishing Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed blood lymphocyte cell lines. We attempted to transform 34 residual blood samples, and analyzed transformation success with respect to sample age, anticoagulant, storage temperature, volume, hemolysis, and patient age and sex. In univariate analysis, sample age was significantly associated with transformation success (P = 0.002). The success rate was 67% (6 of 9) for samples 1 to 7 days old, 38% (3 of 8) for samples 8 to 14 days old and 0% for samples 15 to 21 (0 of 11) days old. When we controlled for sample age in multivariate logistic regression, anticoagulant and storage temperature approached significance (P = 0.070 and 0.087, respectively; samples in acid citrate dextrose (ACD) and refrigerated samples were more likely to transform). Based on these findings, we suggest that samples collected in either ACD or ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, and up to 14 days old (refrigerated) or 7 days old (stored ambient), are reasonable candidates for EBV transformation. The transformation rate for samples that met these criteria was 63% (10 of 16). implementation of this process could help alleviate the shortage of positive control materials for clinical molecular genetic testing. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Mol Diagnost Lab, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Coriell Inst Med Res, Camden, NJ USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Mol Genet Lab, Rochester, MN USA. Ohio State Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Tennessee, Med Ctr, Dept Med Genet, Knoxville, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Knoxville, TN USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Stenzel, TT (reprint author), Vysis Inc, Abbott Labs Co, 3100 Woodcreek Dr, Downers Grove, IL 60615 USA. NR 11 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 227 EP 230 DI 10.1016/S1525-1578(10)60478-3 PG 4 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 738MP UT WOS:000186292700005 PM 14573781 ER PT J AU Kinney, HC Randall, LL Sleeper, LA Willinger, M Belliveau, RA Zec, N Rava, LA Dominici, L Iyasu, S Randall, B Habbe, D Wilson, H Mandell, F McClain, M Welty, TK AF Kinney, HC Randall, LL Sleeper, LA Willinger, M Belliveau, RA Zec, N Rava, LA Dominici, L Iyasu, S Randall, B Habbe, D Wilson, H Mandell, F McClain, M Welty, TK TI Serotonergic brainstem abnormalities in Northern Plains Indians with the sudden infant death syndrome SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE alcohol; American Indian/Alaska Native; arcuate nucleus; cigarette smoking; Raphe; sudden infant death ID UTERO ETHANOL EXPOSURE; ARCUATE NUCLEUS; RECEPTOR-BINDING; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; NEURONS; HYPOPLASIA; TRANSMISSION; MEDULLA; SMOKING; SYSTEM AB The rate of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) among American Indian infants in the Northern Plains is almost 6 times higher than in U.S. white infants. In a study of infant mortality among Northern Plains Indians, we tested the hypothesis that receptor binding abnormalities to the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) in SIDS cases, compared with autopsied controls, occur in regions of the medulla oblongata that contain 5-HT neurons and that are critical for the regulation of cardiorespiration and central chemosensitivity during sleep, i.e. the medullary 5-HT system. Tritiated-lysergic acid diethylamide binding to 5-HT1D-D and 5-HT2 receptors was measured in 19 brainstem nuclei in 23 SIDS and 6 control infants using tissue receptor autoradiography. Binding in the arcuate nucleus, a part of the medullary 5-HT system along the ventral surface, in the SIDS infants (mean age-adjusted binding 7.1 +/- 0.8 fmol/mg tissue, n = 23) was significantly lower than in controls (mean age-adjusted binding 13.1 +/- 1.6 fmol/mg tissue, n 5) (p = 0.003). Binding also demonstrated significant diagnosis X age interactions (p < 0.04) in 4 other nuclei that are components of the 5-HT system. These data suggest that medullary 5-HT dysfunction can lead to sleep-related, sudden death in affected SIDS infants, and confirm the same binding abnormalities reported by us in a larger dataset of non-American Indian SIDS and control infants. This study also links 5-HT abnormalities in the arcuate nucleus with exposure to adverse prenatal exposures, i.e. cigarette smoking (p = 0.011) and alcohol (p = 0.075), during the periconceptional period or throughout pregnancy. Prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke and/or alcohol may contribute to abnormal fetal medullary 5-HT development in SIDS infants. C1 Childrens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. New England Res Inst, Watertown, MA 02172 USA. NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ S Dakota, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Sioux Falls, SD USA. Rapid City Reg Hosp, Dept Pathol, Rapid City, SD USA. Providence Mem Hosp, Dept Pathol, El Paso, TX USA. Boston Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA USA. Aberdeen Area Indian Hlth Serv, Rapid City, SD USA. RP Kinney, HC (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Dept Pathol, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. FU PHS HHS [CRMC-92-05] NR 31 TC 111 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSN NEUROPATHOLOGISTS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3069 J9 J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR JI J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 62 IS 11 BP 1178 EP 1191 PG 14 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 744CV UT WOS:000186611100009 PM 14656075 ER PT J AU Little, J Sharp, L Duthie, S Narayanan, S AF Little, J Sharp, L Duthie, S Narayanan, S TI Colon cancer and genetic variation in folate metabolism: The clinical bottom line SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Research Conference on Food, Nutrition and Cancer CY JUL 17-18, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Inst Canc Res, World Canc Res Fund Int, Balchem Corp, BASF Aktiengesell, Calif Dried Plum Board, Campbell Soup Co, Danisco USA Inc, Hills Pet Nutrit Inc, IP 6 Int Inc, Mead Johnson Nutrit, Roche Vitamins Inc, Ross Prod Div, Abbot Labs, Solae Co DE colorectal neoplasia; folate; methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase epidemiology prevention; treatment ID METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE GENE; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; METHIONINE SYNTHASE GENE; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; COLORECTAL-CANCER; 5,10-METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; FOLIC-ACID; POPULATION STRATIFICATION; THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE AB So far, evidence for the relation between folate intake and colorectal cancer has been insufficient to lead to specific public health interventions. In principle, data on the relation between genetic variation in folate metabolism and colorectal neoplasia could be used to corroborate the data on the relation between folate intake or status and the disease, strengthening the evidence base for primary prevention. Issues in considering the relation between a health outcome and genetic variation in metabolism of nutrients or other food components include knowledge of gene function, linkage disequilibrium, population stratification, study size and quality, and gene-environment interaction. Overall homozygosity for MTHFR variant genotypes is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer, the opposite of what might have been expected a priori. This has led investigators to place greater emphasis on the functions of folate and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase in DNA synthesis. Folate and related nutrients may be important after adenoma formation. A challenge for the future is to characterize the effects of multiple genes influencing folate metabolism. Limited data for colorectal cancer suggest that the effect of a low folate diet overrides the effect of genotype, but two studies of adenomas suggested the opposite. Another potential role of information on genetic variation in folate metabolism is in the management of colorectal cancer but most studies have been small, have included selected patient groups, and have made limited adjustment for potentially important factors. C1 Univ Aberdeen, Dept Med & Therapeut, Epidemiol Grp, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland. CDCP, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Rowett Res Inst, Aberdeen, Scotland. RP Little, J (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Dept Med & Therapeut, Epidemiol Grp, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland. NR 113 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 133 IS 11 SU 1 BP 3758S EP 3766S PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 745UP UT WOS:000186708400006 PM 14608111 ER PT J AU Scheuner, MT AF Scheuner, MT TI Family history as a tool for evaluating cancer genetic risk. SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Research Conference on Food, Nutrition and Cancer CY JUL 17-18, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Inst Canc Res, World Canc Res Fund Int, Balchem Corp, BASF Aktiengesell, Calif Dried Plum Board, Campbell Soup Co, Danisco USA Inc, Hills Pet Nutrit Inc, IP 6 Int Inc, Mead Johnson Nutrit, Roche Vitamins Inc, Ross Prod Div, Abbot Labs, Solae Co C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 133 IS 11 SU 1 BP 3845S EP 3845S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 745UP UT WOS:000186708400022 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Balluz, LS Ford, ES Giles, WH Strine, TW Moriarty, DG Croft, JB Mokdad, AH AF Brown, DW Balluz, LS Ford, ES Giles, WH Strine, TW Moriarty, DG Croft, JB Mokdad, AH TI Associations between short- and long-term unemployment and frequent mental distress among a national sample of men and women SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE COSTS; ECONOMIC-INSTABILITY; DEPRESSION; PSYCHOLOGY; MORTALITY; COMMUNITY; CONTEXT; IMPACT; STRESS AB Unemployment has been associated with poor psychologic well-being. Using data from the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we examined relationships between unemployment and frequent mental distress (FMD), defined as 14 or more mentally unhealthy days during the previous 30 days, among 98,267 men and women aged 25-64 years. The age-standardized prevalence of FMD was 6.6% (standard error, 0.14) among employed adults, 14.0% (2.00) among adults unemployed >1 year, and 15.5% (1.18) among those unemployed <1 year. After adjustment, the relative odds of FMD were 2.09 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.75-2.50) for adults unemployed < 1 year and 1.88 (95 % CI = 1.31-2.71) for adults unemployed > 1 year compared with employed adults. Similar patterns were observed across gender, race/ethnicity, education, income, and area unemployment groups. Unemployed persons are a population in need of public health intervention to reduce the burden of mental distress. Public health officials should work with government officials to incorporate the health consequences of unemployment into economic policymaking. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 38 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1159 EP 1166 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000094994.09.655.0f PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 743CY UT WOS:000186555900006 PM 14610397 ER PT J AU Gold, BD AF Gold, BD TI Outcomes of pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease: In the first year of life, in childhood, and in adults... Oh, and should we really leave Helicobacter pylori alone? SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Treatment of Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease CY DEC 06-08, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. DE barrett's esophagus; Helicobacter pylori infection; Pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease ID BARRETTS-ESOPHAGUS; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; SYMPTOMS; INFANTS; RECOMMENDATIONS; OMEPRAZOLE; INFECTION; BUG AB The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in childhood varies by age. As in adults, GER can result in a spectrum of disease manifestations. Children with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may become adults with GERD, as suggested by the frequency of childhood reflux symptoms reported by adults with reflux disease. Some studies suggest a causative association between Helicobacter pylori infection and GERD, whereas others postulate a protective role for H. pylori. To better understand pediatric GERD, age-appropriate case definitions and multicenter randomized controlled treatment trials are critically needed. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CDCP, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Helicobacter Antimicrobial Resistance Project Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gold, BD (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Dept Pediat, 2040 Ridgewood Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-53708-01] NR 34 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 37 SU 1 BP S33 EP S39 DI 10.1097/00005176-200311001-00008 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 739YW UT WOS:000186368100008 PM 14685076 ER PT J AU Fritzler, MJ Wiik, A Tan, EM Smolen, JS McDougal, JS Chan, EKL Gordon, TP Hardin, JA Kalden, JR Lahita, RG Maini, RN Reeves, WH Rothfield, NF Takasaki, Y Wilson, M Byrd, MG Slivka, L Koziol, JA AF Fritzler, MJ Wiik, A Tan, EM Smolen, JS McDougal, JS Chan, EKL Gordon, TP Hardin, JA Kalden, JR Lahita, RG Maini, RN Reeves, WH Rothfield, NF Takasaki, Y Wilson, M Byrd, MG Slivka, L Koziol, JA TI A critical evaluation of enzyme immunoassay kits for detection of antinuclear autoantibodies of defined specificities. III. Comparative performance characteristics of academic and manufacturers' laboratories SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ELISA; autoantibodies; autoimmunity; diagnosis; diagnostic kits; autoantibody ID ANTIBODIES; DIAGNOSIS; ELISA AB Objective. To analyze the performance of different commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits for measuring antinuclear antibodies (ANA) specific for dsDNA, SSB/La, Sm, and Scl-70. Methods. EIA kits for detection of ANA from 9 commercial manufacturers were evaluated. The manufacturers were advised that they would be sent coded sera containing mixtures of the Arthritis Foundation/Centers for Disease Control reference reagents, and that they were to use their own test kits to analyze the antibody specificities of these sera and to report the data, in optical density (OD) units or their equivalent. Independently, 12 investigators in academic institutions who have done research in this field agreed to participate in a parallel study. The concentration of the antibodies and the specificities were blinded to the analysts and the coefficients of variation (CV) were computed for each participant. Results. There were statistically significant differences between laboratories in terms of CV for all 9 kits tested. With the exception of one kit, there were no significant CV differences between the various autoantibody kits provided by each manufacturer and, with the exception of kits from 2 manufacturers, there were no significant differences between the various antibody kits in terms of reproducibility (CV). From the point of view of interlaboratory variability, manufacturers could be separated into either a high or low performance group. Conclusion. We found a disconcertingly large range of performance characteristics in the various laboratories, which could be quite detrimental in routine utilization of EIA ANA kits. Clinicians should be aware of the performance issues raised in our study, and should know and be involved in how their service laboratory assesses its own performance and the performance of commercial testing systems utilized. Manufacturers and clinical laboratories need to exercise constant quality assurance and surveillance of kit performance in the hands of medical laboratory technologists involved in routine testing. C1 Univ Calgary, Fac Med, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. State Serum Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Albert Einstein Coll Med, New York, NY USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, D-8520 Erlangen, Germany. St Vincent Hosp, New York, NY USA. Kennedy Inst, London W6 7DW, England. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Connecticut, Farmington, CT USA. Univ Vienna, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. Juntendo Univ, Tokyo, Japan. Immunotek Reference Lab, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Fritzler, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Fac Med, 3330 Hosp Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. RI Chan, Edward/B-5671-2009 OI Chan, Edward/0000-0003-3938-9503 NR 17 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2374 EP 2381 PG 8 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 743BX UT WOS:000186553500016 PM 14677180 ER PT J AU Kupronis, BA Richards, CL Whitney, CG AF Kupronis, BA Richards, CL Whitney, CG CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Invasive pneumococcal disease in older adults residing in long-term care facilities and in the community SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE health services for the aged; microbial sensitivity tests; mortality; pneumococcal infections; epidemiology; serotyping ID NURSING-HOME RESIDENTS; RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; RISK-FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; INFECTIONS; BACTEREMIA; VACCINATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; LEVOFLOXACIN AB OBJECTIVES: To examine the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in older adults hospitalized for invasive pneumococcal disease who are living in the community and in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in the United States. DESIGN: Analysis of 2,402 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease requiring hospitalization in 2000 and 2001 that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Active Bacterial Core Surveillance collected in nine states. SETTING: Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Hospitalized LTCF residents and community-living older adults in the United States. MEASUREMENTS: Age- and residence-specific pneumococcal disease incidence rates per 100,000 persons, case-fatality rates, and trends in antimicrobial resistance. RESULTS: Nationally, the rate of invasive pneumococcal disease in LTCF residents was 194.2 cases per 100,000 persons aged 65 and older and 44.6 for community-living older adults (relative risk=4.4, 95% confidence interval (CI)=4.2-4.5). Compared with community-living older adults, case-fatality rates were 1.9 times higher (30.8% vs 16.0%, 95% CI=1.5-2.5). Pneumococcal strains from LTCF residents were significantly more likely to be nonsusceptible to levofloxacin than strains from community- living older adults (5.7% vs 0.4%, P<.001). CONCLUSION: Older adults living in LTCFs are at a higher risk for invasive pneumococcal disease and death than are community-living older adults. Additionally, fluoroquinolone resistance is significantly higher in older adults living in LTCFs and may provide clues to emerging antimicrobial resistance in the general population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kupronis, BA (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-55, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 38 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 51 IS 11 BP 1520 EP 1525 DI 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51501.x PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 736KE UT WOS:000186169300001 PM 14687379 ER PT J AU Gray, SL Penninx, BWJH Blough, DK Artz, MB Guralnik, JM Wallace, RB Buchner, DM LaCroix, AZ AF Gray, SL Penninx, BWJH Blough, DK Artz, MB Guralnik, JM Wallace, RB Buchner, DM LaCroix, AZ TI Benzodiazepine use and physical performance in community-dwelling older women SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE benzodiazepine; activities of daily living; aged; cohort studies ID ELIMINATION HALF-LIFE; RISK-FACTORS; ESTABLISHED POPULATIONS; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; MEDICATION USE; DISABILITY; HEALTH; PEOPLE; SCALE; FALLS AB OBJECTIVES: To determine whether benzodiazepine use in older women increased the risk of decline in physical function. DESIGN: A four-year prospective cohort study. SETTING: The communities of Iowa and Washington counties, Iowa. PARTICIPANTS: Eight hundred eighty-five women aged 70 and older who had completed physical performance tests in 1988 and 1992. MEASUREMENTS: Benzodiazepine use was determined during in-home interviews and classified by dose, duration, indication for use, and half-life. Physical performance tests included an assessment of standing balance, walking speed (8-foot distance), and repeated chair raises. RESULTS: Ninety (10.2%) reported benzodiazepine use at baseline. After adjustment for baseline physical performance score and potential confounders, benzodiazepine use was associated with a greater decline in physical performance over 4 years than nonuse (beta=-1.16; standard error (SE)=0.25; P<.001). The use of higher-than-recommended dose was related to decline (beta=-2.26; SE=0.47; P<.001), and use of lower doses was not (beta=-0.53; SE=0.46; P=.246). Long-term use (greater than or equal to3 years) was related to decline (beta=-1.65; SE=0.34; P<.001), whereas recent and past use were not. Similar results were obtained when restricting the sample to those without disability at baseline. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that older women who used benzodiazepines were at risk for decline in physical performance. Subgroup analyses indicated that risk was greater with use of higher-than-recommended doses or for long duration (greater than or equal to3 years). These findings highlight the importance of using benzodiazepines at the lowest effective dose for a limited duration in older women. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Pharm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NIA, Epidemiol & Demog Sect, Lab Epidemiol Demog & Biometry, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Prevent Med & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Gray, SL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Pharm, Box 357630, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [K08AG00808-01] NR 40 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 51 IS 11 BP 1563 EP 1570 DI 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51502.x PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 736KE UT WOS:000186169300007 PM 14687385 ER PT J AU Coresh, J Francis, ME Astor, B Briggs, JP Eggers, PW Lacher, DA Hostetter, TH AF Coresh, J Francis, ME Astor, B Briggs, JP Eggers, PW Lacher, DA Hostetter, TH TI Prevalence and trends in chronic kidney disease and reduced kidney function among US adults, 1988-2000 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Nephrology CY NOV 12-17, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Nephrol C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. NIDDKD, NIH, Baltimore, MD USA. Social & Sci Syst, Silver Spring, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RI Briggs, Josephine/B-9394-2009 OI Briggs, Josephine/0000-0003-0798-1190 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 14 SU S BP 192A EP 192A PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 737FE UT WOS:000186219100904 ER PT J AU Eggers, PW Francis, ME Astor, B Briggs, JP Coresh, J Lacher, DA Hostetter, TH AF Eggers, PW Francis, ME Astor, B Briggs, JP Coresh, J Lacher, DA Hostetter, TH TI Lack of racial disparities in CKD: Analysis of NHANES surveys SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Nephrology CY NOV 12-17, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Nephrol C1 NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Scoial & Sci Syst, Silver Spring, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutr Surveys, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 14 SU S BP 288A EP 288A PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 737FE UT WOS:000186219101335 ER PT J AU Hostetter, TH Francis, ME Briggs, JP Astor, B Eggers, PW Lacher, DA Coresh, J AF Hostetter, TH Francis, ME Briggs, JP Astor, B Eggers, PW Lacher, DA Coresh, J TI Awareness of CKD is low, especially in women SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Nephrology CY NOV 12-17, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Nephrol C1 NIDDKD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Social & Sci Syst, Silver Spring, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth & Nutr Surveys, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 14 SU S BP 295A EP 295A PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 737FE UT WOS:000186219101363 ER PT J AU Narva, AS Burrows, NR Woodruff, SD AF Narva, AS Burrows, NR Woodruff, SD TI Longer survival among native Americans than among whites who initiated therapy for diabetes-related end-stage renal disease, United States, 1990-2001. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Nephrology CY NOV 12-17, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Nephrol C1 Indian Hlth Serv, Kidney Dis Program, Albuquerque, NM USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Medicare, Intermt EndoStage Renal Dis Network, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Medicaid Serv, Intermt EndoStage Renal Dis Network, Denver, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 14 SU S BP 504A EP 504A PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 737FE UT WOS:000186219102322 ER PT J AU Dilley, A Hooper, WC Austin, H Jamil, M Miller, C Stokes, M Evatt, B Eldridge, J AF Dilley, A Hooper, WC Austin, H Jamil, M Miller, C Stokes, M Evatt, B Eldridge, J TI The beta fibrinogen gene G-455-A polymorphism is a risk factor for Legg-Perthes disease SO JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article DE coagulation; fibrinogen; genetics; Legg-Perthes disease ID ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-C; PLASMA-FIBRINOGEN; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; VENOUS THROMBOSIS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; FACTOR-VII; HYPOFIBRINOLYSIS; THROMBOPHILIA; ASSOCIATION AB Legg-Perthes disease is a pediatric hip disorder characterized by avascular necrosis of the femoral head. The etiology of Legg-Perthes disease may involve repeated interruptions of the blood supply to the proximal femur. Thus, the role of thrombosis in Legg-Perthes disease is of interest. The focus of this analysis is an evaluation of the relationship between Legg-Perthes disease and the beta fibrinogen gene G-455-A polymorphism in 55 cases of Legg-Perthes disease and 56 age, race, and gender-matched healthy controls. Parents of subjects completed a questionnaire about their child's lifestyle and medical history. Blood was obtained for plasma and DNA analysis. Study subjects were predominantly white (93%), male (77%) and under age 16 (70%). Cases were more likely to be exposed to passive smoke than were controls (odds ratio 5.6, 95% confidence interval 2.0-12.0). Assuming a dominant genetic model, individuals who possessed either the G/A or A/A genotype were over three times more likely to have Legg-Perthes disease compared to those without the polymorphism (odds ratio 3.4, 95% confidence interval 1.5-7.8). Separate analyzes by smoke exposure revealed that the excess risk of the G-455-A polymorphism occurred in those exposed (odds ratio 7.0) as opposed to those unexposed to passive smoke (odds ratio 1.9). Although this difference in the odds ratios is not statistically significant (P = 0.2), it suggests a possible interactive effect of cigarette smoke and the b fibrinogen gene G-455-A polymorphism in the risk of developing Legg-Perthes disease. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hematol Dis Branc, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS,STD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Orthoped & Pediat, Louisville, KY USA. RP Dilley, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hematol Dis Branc, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS,STD, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-64, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Miller, Connie H/0000-0002-3989-7973 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1538-7933 J9 J THROMB HAEMOST JI J. Thromb. Haemost. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 1 IS 11 BP 2317 EP 2321 DI 10.1046/j.1538-7836.2003.00416.x PG 5 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 747UE UT WOS:000186822600010 PM 14629463 ER PT J AU Povinelli, L Fox, BC Parise, ME Monson, TA Morrisey, JM Vaidya, AB AF Povinelli, L Fox, BC Parise, ME Monson, TA Morrisey, JM Vaidya, AB TI Plasmodium vivax malaria in spite of atovaquone/proguanil (Malarone) prophylaxis SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 10-14, 2002 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP Amer Soc Trop Med Hygiene ID PROGUANIL HYDROCHLORIDE; FALCIPARUM C1 Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Div Mol Parasitol, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Div Communicable Dis, Madison, WI USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vaidya, AB (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Div Mol Parasitol, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI028398, AI128398] NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 10 IS 6 BP 353 EP 355 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 760DK UT WOS:000187796200009 PM 14642204 ER PT J AU Paweska, JT Burt, FJ Anthony, F Smith, SJ Grobbelaar, AA Croft, JE Ksiazek, TG Swanepoel, R AF Paweska, JT Burt, FJ Anthony, F Smith, SJ Grobbelaar, AA Croft, JE Ksiazek, TG Swanepoel, R TI IgG-sandwich and IgM-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibody to Rift Valley fever virus in domestic ruminants SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Rift Valley fever virus; IgG antibody; IgM antibody; ELISA; domestic ruminants ID DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; VALIDATION; SERA; DISEASES; VALUES; CATTLE AB The recent occurrence of the first confirmed outbreaks of Rift Valley fever in humans and livestock outside the African region, namely in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Yemen, is of global medical and veterinary concern. Disadvantages of classical techniques for serological diagnosis of Rift Valley fever include health risk to laboratory personnel, restrictions for their use outside endemic areas and inability to distinguish between different classes of immunoglobulins. We report on the development and validation of sandwich and capture ELISAs (both based on inactivated antigen) for detection of IgG and IgM antibody to Rift Valley fever virus in bovine, caprine and ovine sera. Compared to virus neutralisation and haemagglutination-inhibition tests, the IgG sandwich ELISA was more sensitive in detection of the earliest immunological responses to infection or vaccination with Rift Valley fever virus. Its sensitivity and specificity derived from field data sets ranged in different ruminant species from 99.05 to 100% and from 99.1 to 99.9%, respectively. The specificity of IgM-capture ELISA varied between different species from 97.4 to 99.4%; its sensitivity was 100% in sheep tested 5-42 days post-infection. Our results in field-collected, experimental and post-vaccination sera demonstrate that these assays will be useful for epidemiological surveillance and control programmes, import/export veterinary certification, early diagnosis of infection, and for monitoring of immune response in vaccinated animals. As highly accurate and safe tests, they have the potential to replace traditional diagnostic methods, which pose biohazard risks limiting their use outside of endemic areas to high containment facilities. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Special Pathogens Unit, ZA-2131 Johannesburg, South Africa. Onderstepoort Vet Inst, Dept Virol, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Paweska, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Special Pathogens Unit, Private Bag X4, ZA-2131 Johannesburg, South Africa. NR 39 TC 66 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD NOV PY 2003 VL 113 IS 2 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(03)00228-3 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 737DY UT WOS:000186215500005 PM 14553896 ER PT J AU Huang, CYH Butrapet, S Tsuchiya, KR Bhamarapravati, N Gubler, DJ Kinney, RM AF Huang, CYH Butrapet, S Tsuchiya, KR Bhamarapravati, N Gubler, DJ Kinney, RM TI Dengue 2 PDK-53 virus as a chimeric carrier for tetravalent dengue vaccine development SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BORNE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; AEDES-AEGYPTI MOSQUITOS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; CANDIDATE VACCINE; GROWTH-CHARACTERISTICS; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; NONCODING REGION; ADULT VOLUNTEERS; ORAL INFECTION; STRAIN 16681 AB Attenuation markers of the candidate dengue 2 (D2) PDK-53 vaccine virus are encoded by mutations that reside outside of the structural gene region of the genome. We engineered nine dengue virus chimeras containing the premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes of wild-type D1 16007, D3 16562, or D4 1036 virus within the genetic backgrounds of wild-type D2 16681 virus and the two genetic variants (PDK53-E and PDK53-V) of the D2 PDK-53 vaccine virus. Expression of the heterologous prM-E genes in the genetic backgrounds of the two D2 PDK-53 variants, but not that of wild-type D2 16681 virus, resulted in chimeric viruses that retained PDK-53 characteristic phenotypic markers of attenuation, including small plaque size and temperature sensitivity in LLC-MK2 cells, limited replication in C6/36 cells, and lack of neurovirulence in newborn ICR mice. Chimeric D2/1, D2/3, and D2/4 viruses replicated efficiently in Vero cells and were immunogenic in AG129 mice. Chimeric D2/1 viruses protected adult AG129 mice against lethal DI virus challenge. Two tetravalent virus formulations, comprised of either PDK53-E- or PDK53-V-vectored viruses, elicited neutralizing antibody titers in mice against all four dengue serotypes. These antibody titers were similar to the titers elicited by monovalent immunizations, suggesting that viral interference did not occur in recipients of the tetravalent formulations. The results of this study demonstrate that the unique attenuation loci of D2 PDK-53 virus make it an attractive vector for the development of live attenuated flavivirus vaccines. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Mahidol Univ, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Inst Sci & Technol Dev, Salaya 73170, Nakhonpathom, Thailand. RP Huang, CYH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 45 TC 112 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 77 IS 21 BP 11436 EP 11447 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.21.11436-11447.2003 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 733HY UT WOS:000185995300014 PM 14557629 ER PT J AU Alfaro-Correa, A Beckles, G Benjamin, C Bowman, B Green, Y Green-Phillips, A Hardy, R Harper, S Haynie-Mooney, N Loner, N Mukhtar, Q Owens, M Rufo, K Sones, MK Thompson-Reid, P AF Alfaro-Correa, A Beckles, G Benjamin, C Bowman, B Green, Y Green-Phillips, A Hardy, R Harper, S Haynie-Mooney, N Loner, N Mukhtar, Q Owens, M Rufo, K Sones, MK Thompson-Reid, P CA Steering Comm Natl Public Hlth Ini TI The evolution of a national public health initiative on diabetes and women's health: A model process SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PREVALENCE; ADULTS AB Diabetes is a serious chronic disease that affects women in all life stages, from adolescence to the older years. Diabetes also imposes a significant economic burden on individuals, families, and society. The National Public Health Initiative on Diabetes and Women's Health was formed to guide the nation in addressing diabetes and women's health issues. This paper documents the rationale for developing an initiative on diabetes and women's health and the processes used to implement it. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Owens, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mowens1@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD NOV PY 2003 VL 12 IS 9 BP 839 EP 845 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 768FJ UT WOS:000188532700001 ER PT J AU Jamieson, DJ O'Sullivan, MJ Maupin, R Cohen, M Webber, MP Nesheim, S Lampe, M Garcia, P Lindsay, M Bulterys, M AF Jamieson, DJ O'Sullivan, MJ Maupin, R Cohen, M Webber, MP Nesheim, S Lampe, M Garcia, P Lindsay, M Bulterys, M TI The challenges of informed consent for rapid HIV testing in labor SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL-TRIALS; PREVENTION; QUALITY; RECALL AB Background: Although increasing attention has been focused on the adequacy of the informed consent process for participation in research studies, there has been little systematic evaluation of the process, particularly when consent is obtained in the labor and delivery setting. The Mother Infant Rapid Intervention at Delivery (MIRIAD) study is an ongoing multisite study initiated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) designed to evaluate the feasibility of offering 24-hour counseling and voluntary rapid HIV testing and antriretroviral therapy when indicated to women with unknown HIV status who are in labor. Methods: To address concerns about obtaining informed consent from women in labor, we have completed focus groups, conducted a pilot of the informed consent process among women in labor, developed flip-charts to enhance comprehension, and plan an ongoing evaluation of the informed consent process throughout the course of the MIRIAD study. Results: In the pilot study, approximately 70% of women were able to state in their own words the purpose and benefits of the research study. Substantially fewer women (25%) were able to state one or more risks of the study. Conclusions: We hope that the MIRIAD study will make a valuable contribution by defining best approaches for informed consent and will provide guidance when it is necessary to obtain consent from laboring women for crucial interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New Orleans, LA USA. Cook Cty Hosp, CORE Ctr, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Program Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Jamieson, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM djamieson@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD NOV PY 2003 VL 12 IS 9 BP 889 EP 895 DI 10.1089/154099903770948113 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 768FJ UT WOS:000188532700008 PM 14670168 ER PT J AU Keenan, NL Mark, S Fugh-Berman, A Browne, D Kaczmarczyk, J Hunter, C AF Keenan, NL Mark, S Fugh-Berman, A Browne, D Kaczmarczyk, J Hunter, C TI Severity of menopausal symptoms and use of both conventional and complementary/alternative therapies SO MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE menopause; honnone therapy; complementary and alternative therapy; estrogen; hot flashes; telephone survey ID POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CONTROLLED TRIAL AB Objectives: To describe the prevalence and correlates of using conventional therapies, complementary and alternative therapies, or a combination of both types of therapies for menopausal symptoms and to examine the association between severity of symptoms and type of therapy use. Design: Data on 2,602 women aged 45 years or older were gathered through a cross-sectional telephone survey conducted in Florida, Minnesota, and Tennessee during 1997 and 1998 using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Participants were asked a series of questions about their menopausal status, menopausal symptoms, healthcare provider selection in relation to menopause, and therapies used for menopausal symptoms. Results: Of the eight menopausal symptoms assessed, the highest prevalence estimates were reported for hot flashes (62.9%), night sweats (48.3%), and trouble sleeping (41. 1%). The average number of symptoms (range 0- 8) was 3. 10 (SD +/- 2.25) and, for women reporting symptoms, the average symptom severity score (range 1-24) was 6.78 (SD +/- 4.63). About 45% of the women had not consulted with a healthcare provider for treatment of menopausal symptoms or for medical conditions related to menopause even though only 16.3% did not report any of the symptoms included in the survey. Forty-six percent of the women used complementary/alternative therapy either alone or in combination with conventional therapies. Age-adjusted average symptom severity scores were significantly higher among women who had undergone a hysterectomy, with removal of the ovaries (7.73; 95% Cl 7.33,8.12) or without (7.60; 95% CI 7.16,8.05), than among women who experienced a natural menopause (6.42; 95% Cl 6.14,6.71). Average severity scores were significantly higher among women who used both conventional and complementary/alternative therapies in relation to menopause (8.61; 95% Cl 8.26,8.96) than among women who used only conventional therapies (7.09; 95% CI 6.67,7.50). This statistically significant association persisted when adjusted for age, education, income, race/ethnicity, state of residence, and menopausal category. Conclusions: In this sample, 46% of the women used complementary/alternative therapy either alone or in combination with conventional therapies, whereas a third of the women did not use any therapy in relation to menopause. Although causal inferences cannot be made, the menopausal symptom severity score was significantly higher among women who reported using a combination of conventional and complementary/alternative therapies than among women who used only conventional therapy, only complementary/alternative, or no therapy. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off Womens Hlth, Washington, DC USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Washington, DC USA. US Dept Def, Ft Detrick, MD USA. US Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Bethesda, MD USA. NIH, Off Res Womens Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Keenan, NL (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K47,1445 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 27 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1072-3714 J9 MENOPAUSE JI Menopause-J. N. Am. Menopause Soc. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 10 IS 6 BP 507 EP 515 DI 10.1097/01.GME.0000064865.58809.3E PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 743TE UT WOS:000186589000003 PM 14627858 ER PT J AU Barrett, DH Boehmer, TK Boothe, VL Flanders, WD AF Barrett, DH Boehmer, TK Boothe, VL Flanders, WD TI Health-related quality of life of US military personnel: A population-based study SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Behavioral Risk Factor Survellance System Conference CY MAR 11-14, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA ID RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE; BODY-MASS INDEX; CHRONIC DISEASE; MENTAL-HEALTH; PUBLIC-HEALTH; RELIABILITY; SYSTEM; QUESTIONS; VETERANS; INJURIES AB Objective: This study evaluated the association between military service and health-related quality of life (HRQOL), using a large, population-based sample of U.S. adults. Methods: Participants in the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were characterized as active duty personnel (N = 1,163), reserves IN = 1,055), veterans (N = 22,558), or no military service (N = 141,620). HRQOL was described by sex and military status. Logistic regression was used to calculate sex-specific adjusted odds ratios. Results: Active duty men were more likely than men without military service to report 14 or more days of activity limitation, pain, and not enough rest in the past 30 days. Reserve personnel reported better overall HRQOL than nonmilitary participants, and no difference in HRQOL was observed between veterans and persons with no military service. Conclusions: Recommendations are made to monitor HRQOL of active duty and reserve personnel over time and to include HRQOL measures in military-based surveys of active duty troops. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barrett, DH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 40 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 168 IS 11 BP 941 EP 947 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 755KU UT WOS:000187402700018 PM 14680052 ER PT J AU Khetsuriani, N Quiroz, ES Holman, RC Anderson, LJ AF Khetsuriani, N Quiroz, ES Holman, RC Anderson, LJ TI Viral meningitis-associated hospitalizations in the United States, 1988-1999 SO NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE viral meningitis; aseptic meningitis; hospitalization costs; hospitalizations ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ENTEROVIRAL MENINGITIS; CLINICAL UTILITY; MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDHOOD; IMPACT AB We used the National Hospital Discharge Survey and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample of the Health Care Cost and Utilization Project to estimate disease burden associated with viral meningitis hospitalizations in the United States. During 1988-1999, viral meningitis accounted for an estimated 434,000 hospitalizations (annual average, 36,000; average annual hospitalization rate, 14/100,000), and 2.1 million hospital days (annual average, 175,000). The estimated mean charge for viral meningitis-associated hospitalization during 1993-1997 varied between USD 6,562 and 8,313, resulting in annual estimated hospitalization costs between USD 234 and 310 million and a total estimated cost of nearly USD 1.3 billion for the 5-year period. In summary, viral meningitis remains an important cause of morbidity and financial burden and merits efforts to improve diagnostic, treatment, and prevention options. Introduction Copyright (C) 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Director, DVRD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Khetsuriani, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Mailstop A34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 37 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-5350 J9 NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY JI Neuroepidemiology PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 22 IS 6 BP 345 EP 352 DI 10.1159/000072924 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Clinical Neurology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 737KN UT WOS:000186229700006 PM 14557685 ER PT J AU Wang, LY Yang, QH Lowry, R Wechsler, H AF Wang, LY Yang, QH Lowry, R Wechsler, H TI Economic analysis of a school-based obesity prevention program SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE overweight in childhood; overweight progression; school-based intervention; cost-effectiveness; cost-benefit ID BODY-MASS INDEX; LIFETIME HEALTH; WEIGHT-LOSS; INTERVENTION; ADOLESCENTS; OVERWEIGHT; CHILDHOOD; COSTS; AGE AB Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of Planet Health, a school-based intervention designed to reduce obesity in youth of middle-school age children. Research Methods and Procedures: Standard cost-effectiveness analysis methods and a societal perspective were used in this study. Three categories of costs were measured: intervention costs, medical care costs associated with adulthood overweight, and costs of productivity loss associated with adulthood overweight. Health outcome was measured as cases of adulthood overweight prevented and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) saved. Cost-effectiveness ratio was measured as the ratio of net intervention costs to the total number of QALYs saved, and net-benefit was measured as costs averted by the intervention minus program costs. Results: Under base-case assumptions, at an intervention cost of $33,677 or $14 per student per year, the program would prevent an estimated 1.9% of the female students (5.8 of 3 10) from becoming overweight adults. As a result, an estimated 4.1 QALYs would be saved by the program, and society could expect to save an estimated $15,887 in medical care costs and $25,104 in loss of productivity costs. These findings translated to a cost of $4305 per QALY saved and a net saving of $7313 to society. Results remained cost-effective under all scenarios considered and remained cost-saving under most scenarios. Discussion: The Planet Health program is cost-effective and cost-saving as implemented. School-based prevention programs of this type are likely to be cost-effective uses of public funds and warrant careful consideration by policy makers and program planners. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wang, LY (reprint author), NCCDPHP, DASH, Surveillance & Evaluat Res Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 37 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 11 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1313 EP 1324 DI 10.1038/oby.2003.178 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 745ZL UT WOS:000186721400006 PM 14627751 ER PT J AU Bohlke, K Galil, K Jackson, LA Schmid, DS Starkovich, P Loparev, VN Seward, JF AF Bohlke, K Galil, K Jackson, LA Schmid, DS Starkovich, P Loparev, VN Seward, JF TI Postpartum varicella vaccination: Is the vaccine virus excreted in breast milk? SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; WILD-TYPE STRAINS; ZOSTER-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; HERPES-ZOSTER; TRANSMISSION; DNA; INFECTION AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the varicella vaccine virus is detected in breast milk after vaccination of breast-feeding women and whether there is serologic evidence of exposure of the infant to varicella virus after maternal vaccination. METHODS: We enrolled women identified as varicella seronegative during routine prenatal screening at Group Health Cooperative. Participants received the first dose of varicella vaccine at least 6 weeks postpartum and die second dose at least 4 weeks later. They collected ten breast milk samples after each vaccine dose. Breast milk samples were tested for varicella zoster virus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serum specimens were collected from the mothers 1 month after each vaccine dose, and peripheral blood from their infants was collected onto filter spots 1 month after the mother's second dose. These samples were tested for varicella immunoglobulin (Ig) G by whole-virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or by the more sensitive glycoprotein ELISA. When possible, filter spots from the infants were also tested by PCR for the presence of varicella zoster virus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). RESULTS: Twelve women were enrolled; all seroconverted after the first vaccine dose. Varicella DNA was not detected by PCR in any of the 217 postvaccination breast milk specimens. None of the infants was seropositive. Samples from six infants were tested for varicella zoster virus DNA by PCR, and all were negative. CONCLUSION: We found no evidence of varicella vaccine virus excretion in breast milk. These findings suggest that postpartum vaccination of varicella-susceptible women need not be delayed because of breast-feeding. (C) 2003 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Herpesvirus Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bohlke, K (reprint author), Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, 1730 Minor Ave,Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR6CCU017728-01] NR 35 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 102 IS 5 BP 970 EP 977 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(03)00860-3 PN 1 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 738NH UT WOS:000186294400016 PM 14672472 ER PT J AU Callaghan, WM Berg, CJ AF Callaghan, WM Berg, CJ TI Pregnancy-related mortality among women aged 35 years and older, United States, 1991-1997 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; MATERNAL MORTALITY; RISK-FACTORS; HYPERTENSION; PREECLAMPSIA; OUTCOMES; SWEDEN; DEATH AB OBJECTIVE: To describe pregnancy-related deaths among women 35 years and older and to compare their risk of death to that for 25-29-year-old women. METHODS: Pregnancy-related deaths in the United States among women 35 years and older from 1991 through 1997 were identified through the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System. Pregnancy-related mortality ratios (deaths per 100,000 live births) and risk ratios (compared with 25-29-year-old women) for women 35-39 years old or 40 years and older were calculated and stratified by race, obstetric and demographic variables, and cause of death. RESULTS: There was an excess risk of death for women 35 years and older regardless of parity, time of entry into prenatal care, and level of education. Among white women, the risk ratios for death from hemorrhage, infection, embolisms, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, cardiomyopathy, cerebrovascular accidents, or other medical conditions ranged from 1.8 to 2.7 for those aged 35-39 years and from 2.5 to 7.9 for those 40 years and older. Among black women the risk ratios for death from these conditions ranged from 2.0 to 4.1 for those aged 35-39 years and from 4.3 to 7.6 for those 40 years and older. CONCLUSION: Recognition of the risk of death borne by older pregnant women is needed to inform their care before, during, and after pregnancy. Thorough review of all maternal deaths as a core public health function may shed light on the reasons for excess pregnancy-related mortality among older women. (C) 2003 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Callaghan, WM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 102 IS 5 BP 1015 EP 1021 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(03)00740-3 PN 1 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 738NH UT WOS:000186294400023 PM 14672479 ER PT J AU Arole, CNA Puder, KS Reznar, M Eby, E Zhu, BP AF Arole, CNA Puder, KS Reznar, M Eby, E Zhu, BP TI Folic acid awareness in Michigan, 1996-1999 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; WOMEN; KNOWLEDGE; SUPPLEMENTATION; PREVENTION; PREGNANCY AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and trend of folic acid awareness among Michigan mothers during 19961999 and to identify maternal characteristics predictive of folic acid awareness. METHODS: We analyzed data from the Michigan Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, a population-based survey of women with recent live births. A positive response to the question, "Before you became pregnant, did you know that folic acid could help prevent some birth defects?" was used as an indicator of folic acid awareness. Logistic regression was used to evaluate trends in folic acid awareness prevalence and the association between folic acid awareness and certain maternal characteristics. RESULTS: Of the women invited to participate, 7252 responded (67.3%). Overall, folic acid awareness increased from 1996 to 1999 (60.3-71.4%; P <.001). However, folic acid awareness decreased for women with no high school education from 1997 to 1999 (59.3-13.8%, P =.05). In addition, folic acid awareness was lower among black women (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.4, 0.5, versus other races), women with unplanned pregnancies (adjusted OR 0.6; 95% CI 0.5, 0.8, versus those with planned pregnancies), and those with no high school education (adjusted OR 0.08; 95% CI 0.03, 0.2, versus women with college education). CONCLUSION: Although folic acid awareness has increased among Michigan mothers overall during 1996-1999, it has decreased among women with less than a high school education, and substantial gaps exist among socioeconomic subgroups. Continued efforts are needed to improve folic acid awareness and consumption of folic add among women of reproductive age, with special attention focused on populations experiencing gaps or declines in folic acid awareness. (C) 2003 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Dept Community Hlth, Div Epidemiol Serv, Lansing, MI USA. RP Arole, CNA (reprint author), 3423 N MLK Jr Blvd, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. EM aloziec@michigan.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 EI 1873-233X J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 102 IS 5 BP 1046 EP 1050 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(03)00862-7 PN 1 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 738NH UT WOS:000186294400029 ER PT J AU Lynch, M Holman, RC Mulligan, A Belay, ED Schonberger, LB AF Lynch, M Holman, RC Mulligan, A Belay, ED Schonberger, LB TI Kawasaki syndrome hospitalizations in Ireland, 1996 through 2000 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Kawasaki syndrome; Kawasaki disease; hospitalizations; epidemiology; children; infants; Ireland ID UNITED-STATES; DISEASE; JAPAN AB Objective. To describe the epidemiologic characteristics and estimate the incidence of Kawasaki syndrome (KS) among children in Ireland. Methods. Hospital discharge records with a KS diagnosis among patients <18 years of age were examined using Ireland's Hospital In-Patient Enquiry database for 1996 through 2000. Results. During the study period 265 hospitalizations associated with KS among children < 18 years of age were recorded in Ireland. Of those, 194 (73%) occurred among children <5 years of age. The median age of patients at admission was 2 years. The average annual KS hospitalization rate for children <5 years of age was 15.2 per 100 000 children, and among that group the hospitalization rate was higher for infants <1 year of age than for children 1 to 4 years of age (19.7 and 16.0 per 100 000 children, respectively). Most KS hospitalizations occurred among children <5 years of age and among boys. The highest monthly number of hospitalizations occurred during the months of November through January. No deaths associated with KS were reported among hospitalized children. Conclusion. Hospital discharge data provide useful information on the epidemiology of KS in Ireland. The hospitalization rate for KS in Ireland is similar to rates in the United States and may be higher than those in other European countries, although the European studies differ in methodologies and time periods. C1 CDCP, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lynch, M (reprint author), Mater Misericordiae Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Microbiol, Eccles St, Dublin 7, Ireland. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 24 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 22 IS 11 BP 959 EP 962 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000095194.83814.ee PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 744HM UT WOS:000186622200005 PM 14614367 ER PT J AU Verstraeten, T Davis, RL DeStefano, F Lieu, TA Rhodes, PH Black, SB Shinefield, H Chen, RT AF Verstraeten, T Davis, RL DeStefano, F Lieu, TA Rhodes, PH Black, SB Shinefield, H Chen, RT CA Vaccine Safety Datalink Team TI Safety of thimerosal-containing vaccines: A two-phased study of computerized health maintenance organization databases SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE cohort study; computerized medical record systems; language development disorders; speech disorders; thimerosal; vaccines ID SEYCHELLES CHILD-DEVELOPMENT; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; INTRAVENOUS-INJECTION; MERCURY; OUTCOMES; INFANTS; NEUROTOXICITY; VACCINATION; DATALINK AB Objective. To assess the possible toxicity of thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs) among infants. Methods. A 2-phased retrospective cohort study was conducted using computerized health maintenance organization (HMO) databases. Phase I screened for associations between neurodevelopmental disorders and thimerosal exposure among 124170 infants who were born during 1992 to 1999 at 2 HMOs (A and B). In phase II, the most common disorders associated with exposure in phase I were reevaluated among 16717 children who were born during 1991 to 1997 in another HMO (C). Relative risks for neurodevelopmental disorders were calculated per increase of 12.5 mug of estimated cumulative mercury exposure from TCVs in the first, third, and seventh months of life. Results. In phase I at HMO A, cumulative exposure at 3 months resulted in a significant positive association with tics (relative risk [RR]: 1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-3.38). At HMO B, increased risks of language delay were found for cumulative exposure at 3 months (RR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.01-1.27) and 7 months (RR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.01-1.13). In phase II at HMO C, no significant associations were found. In no analyses were significant increased risks found for autism or attention-deficit disorder. Conclusions. No consistent significant associations were found between TCVs and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Conflicting results were found at different HMOs for certain outcomes. For resolving the conflicting findings, studies with uniform neurodevelopmental assessments of children with a range of cumulative thimerosal exposures are needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Vaccine Safety & Dev Act, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. Childrens Hosp, Div Gen Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Ctr Child Hlth Care Studies, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Kaiser Permanente, Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. RP DeStefano, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 34 TC 130 Z9 142 U1 14 U2 39 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 112 IS 5 BP 1039 EP 1048 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 738XA UT WOS:000186312100005 PM 14595043 ER PT J AU Tierney, CD Yusuf, H McMahon, SR Rusinak, D O'Brien, MA Massoudi, MS Lieu, TA AF Tierney, CD Yusuf, H McMahon, SR Rusinak, D O'Brien, MA Massoudi, MS Lieu, TA TI Adoption of reminder and recall messages for immunizations by pediatricians and public health clinics SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE immunizations; interventions; quality of care; recall; reminder; assessment ID VACCINATION COVERAGE LEVELS; FEEDBACK; IMPACT; RATES AB Objective. Strong scientific evidence and national recommendations support the use of reminder and recall messages to improve immunization coverage rates, yet reports have suggested that only a minority of pediatric practices use such messages. Our aims were to 1) determine the proportions of pediatric practices and public clinics that currently use practice-based reminder or recall messages and routinely undergo immunization assessment efforts, 2) evaluate barriers and supports to implementing these practices, and 3) identify predictors of either current use or plans for future adoption of these practices. Methods. This study combined qualitative and quantitative methods in sequential phases. In the qualitative phase, we conducted semistructured, open-ended interviews with a convenience sample of 18 clinician-administrators representing adopters and nonadopters of these messages in both private practices and public health clinics. In the subsequent quantitative phase, we mailed a structured, closed-ended survey to national samples of randomly selected pediatricians (n=600) and public clinics (n=600). Results. Response rates were 75% for pediatricians and 77% for public clinics. Among pediatricians, 38% were conducting regular assessments of immunization coverage but only 16% were currently using routine reminder or recall messages. Among public clinics, 85% were conducting regular assessments and 51% were using reminder or recall messages. Among pediatricians' practices, the most commonly reported barriers to the adoption of reminder or recall messages were lack of time and funding and the inability to identify children at specified ages. For pediatricians' practices, the strongest predictors of current use of reminder or recall messages were having a champion who led efforts to improve immunization delivery (odds ratio: 1.85; 95% confidence interval: 1.08-3.18) and current use of regular immunization assessments (odds ratio: 2.30; 95% confidence interval: 1.33-3.84). Likewise, for public health clinics, having a champion to lead immunization improvement efforts and believing that their current system needed improvement was associated with current use of reminder or recall messages. Conclusions. Reminder and recall messages remain underused by both pediatricians and public health clinics. Promising strategies to promote adoption of these approaches in both the private and the public sectors include identifying and training champions to promote immunization delivery improvement efforts and helping practices develop methods to identify children at specific ages. C1 Childrens Hosp, Div Gen Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare & Harvard Med sch, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Ctr Child Healthcare Studies, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Combined Pediat Hlth Serv, Res Fellowship Program, Boston, MA USA. RP Tierney, CD (reprint author), Baystate Hlth Syst, High Street Hlth Ctr, 140 High St, Springfield, MA 01199 USA. FU PHS HHS [T32 HP10018] NR 27 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 112 IS 5 BP 1076 EP 1082 DI 10.1542/peds.112.5.1076 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 738XA UT WOS:000186312100011 PM 14595049 ER PT J AU Cox, DL Sun, YC Liu, H Lehrer, RI Shafer, WM AF Cox, DL Sun, YC Liu, H Lehrer, RI Shafer, WM TI Susceptibility of Treponema pallidum to host-derived antimicrobial peptides SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE antibacterial peptide; outer membrane; WS22; tissue culture; spirochete ID RABBIT LEUKOCYTE DEFENSINS; SUBSP PALLIDUM; OUTER-MEMBRANE; INVITRO; SYPHILIS AB LL-37 displays potent broad-spectrum activity against a number of pathogenic bacteria and is the only cathelicidin thus far identified in humans. In this study, we examined the capacity of human LL-37 and the similar CAP-18-derived peptide from rabbits to exert antimicrobial activity against the causative agent of syphilis, Treponema pallidum. We found that both peptides, as well as a truncated version of human LL-37 that contains its bactericidal domain, could exert rapid, but salt-sensitive antimicrobial activity against T. pallidum. Infectivity of T. pallidum in a rabbit model could effectively be blocked with the synthetic truncated LL-37-derived peptide WS22-N-amide. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sexually Transmitted Infect Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Ctr HIV & STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Microbial Pathogenesis Lab, Res Serv, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Cox, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sexually Transmitted Infect Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Ctr HIV & STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dlc6@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI37945] NR 21 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD NOV PY 2003 VL 24 IS 11 BP 1741 EP 1746 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2003.07.026 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 776HN UT WOS:000189110700011 PM 15019205 ER PT J AU Wang, D Urisman, A Liu, YT Springer, M Ksiazek, TG Erdman, DD Mardis, ER Hickenbotham, M Magrini, V Eldred, J Latreille, JP Wilson, RK Ganem, D DeRisi, JL AF Wang, D Urisman, A Liu, YT Springer, M Ksiazek, TG Erdman, DD Mardis, ER Hickenbotham, M Magrini, V Eldred, J Latreille, JP Wilson, RK Ganem, D DeRisi, JL TI Viral discovery and sequence recovery using DNA microarrays SO PLOS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; IDENTIFICATION; CORONAVIRUS; VIRUSES; GENOME AB Because of the constant threat posed by emerging infectious diseases and the limitations of existing approaches used to identify new pathogens, there is a great demand for new technological methods for viral discovery. We describe herein a DNA microarray-based platform for novel virus identification and characterization. Central to this approach was a DNA microarray designed to detect a wide range of known viruses as well as novel members of existing viral families; this microarray contained the most highly conserved 70mer sequences from every fully sequenced reference viral genome in GenBank. During an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in March 2003, hybridization to this microarray revealed the presence of a previously uncharacterized coronavirus in a viral isolate cultivated from a SARS patient. To further characterize this new virus, approximately 1 kb of the unknown virus genome was cloned by physically recovering viral sequences hybridized to individual array elements. Sequencing of these fragments confirmed that the virus was indeed a new member of the coronavirus family. This combination of array hybridization followed by direct viral sequence recovery should prove to be a general strategy for the rapid identification and characterization of novel viruses and emerging infectious disease. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP DeRisi, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM joe@derisilab.ucsf.edu NR 10 TC 270 Z9 291 U1 2 U2 14 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1544-9173 J9 PLOS BIOL JI PLoS. Biol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 1 IS 2 BP 257 EP 260 AR e2 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.0000002 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 772GZ UT WOS:000188835200016 PM 14624234 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Balluz, LS Heath, GW Moriarty, DG Ford, ES Giles, WH Mokdad, AH AF Brown, DW Balluz, LS Heath, GW Moriarty, DG Ford, ES Giles, WH Mokdad, AH TI Associations between recommended levels of physical activity and health-related quality of life - Findings from the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE physical fitness; exercise; quality of life; health outcomes ID OLDER ADULTS; EXERCISE; PREVENTION; DEPRESSION; POPULATION; ARTHRITIS; SYMPTOMS; FITNESS; PROGRAM AB Background. Although the benefits of regular physical activity on morbidity and mortality are established, relationships between recommended levels of physical activity and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) have not been described. The authors examined whether recommended levels of physical activity were associated with better HRQOL and perceived health status. Methods. Using data from 175,850 adults who participated in the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey, the authors examined the independent relationship between recommended levels of moderate or vigorous physical activity and four measures of HRQOL developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Multivariate logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, sex, education, smoking status, and body mass index. Results. The proportion of adults reporting 14 or more unhealthy days (physical or mental) was significantly lower among those who attained recommended levels of physical activity than physically inactive adults for all age, racial/ethnic, and sex groups. After multivariate adjustment, the relative odds of 14 or more unhealthy days (physical or mental) in those with the recommended level of activity compared to physically inactive adults was 0.67 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.74) for adults aged 18-44 years, 0.40 (95% CI: 0.36, 0.45) for adults aged 45-64 years, and 0.41 (95% CI: 0.36, 0.46) for adults aged 65 years or older. The results persist even among adults with a chronic condition such as arthritis. Conclusion. These results highlight the need for health programs to increase participation in regular physical activity. (C) 2003 American Health Foundation and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Surveillance Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Balluz, LS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Surveillance Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 176 Z9 187 U1 5 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 37 IS 5 BP 520 EP 528 DI 10.1016/S0091-7435(03)00179-8 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 737UQ UT WOS:000186250500016 PM 14572437 ER PT J AU Chen, KT Chen, WJ Malilay, J Twu, SJ AF Chen, KT Chen, WJ Malilay, J Twu, SJ TI The public health response to the Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, 1999 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID HANSHIN-AWAJI EARTHQUAKE; MORBIDITY AB Objective. On September 21, 1999, at 1:47 a.m., an earthquake measuring 7.3 on the Richter scale struck the middle Chi-Chi region of Taiwan. The present study examines the response of the public health sector to the earthquake. Methods. A community needs assessment using modified cluster sampling was performed in shelters of Nantou and Taichung Counties five days after the earthquake struck. Twenty-five temporary medical service systems (TMSSs) conducted surveillance for selected diseases and mortality within one week post-earthquake aided by a buddy system that allowed unaffected counties to provide support to affected counties. Results. The number of cases of acute respiratory infections and acute gastroenteritis in the affected area was higher than that of neighboring unaffected counties in the post-earthquake phase (p<0.001). Earthquake-related deaths were estimated at 2,347 deaths (death rate 116 per 100,000 population); the mean age of the decedents was 49.7 years. No significant difference was observed between males (120/100,000) and females (110/100,000) (risk ratio [RR]=1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84, 1.42; p>0.05). The age-adjusted mortality rate was significantly higher in 1999 (odds ratio [OR]= 2.11; 95% CI 1.99, 2.24) than in a comparable period in 1998. Conclusion. Emergency preparedness must be based on carefully conceived priorities, information, and communications, and improved capabilities must be developed to rapidly implement an emergency public health network. The emergency response to this event-consisting of TMSSs, a buddy system, and a communication system-should be considered in planning for future disaster events in Taiwan. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Dept Hlth, Field Epidemiol Training Program, Taipei, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Epidemiol, Coll Publ Hlth, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Twu, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Dept Hlth, Field Epidemiol Training Program, 6-8F Linshen S Rd, Taipei, Taiwan. OI Chen, Wei Jen/0000-0001-5899-5870 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 118 IS 6 BP 493 EP 499 DI 10.1016/S0033-3549(04)50285-6 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 754AT UT WOS:000187281100002 PM 14563906 ER PT J AU Reichard, AA Lobato, MN Roberts, CA Bazerman, LB Hammett, TM AF Reichard, AA Lobato, MN Roberts, CA Bazerman, LB Hammett, TM TI Assessment of tuberculosis screening and management practices of large jail systems SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES; INFECTION; INMATES AB Objective. This descriptive study sought to explore the use and timeliness of tuberculosis (TB) screening and management activities in jail facilities. Methods. Study personnel visited 20 large U.S. jail systems and reviewed the medical records of 56 inmates who had recently been evaluated for TB disease and 376 inmates who were diagnosed with or confirmed to have latent TB infection (LTBI). Data from these records were analyzed to determine completion and timeliness of screening, diagnostic, and treatment activities. Results. In 14% of 56 inmates evaluated for TB disease and 24% of 376 inmates with LTBI, chest radiographs were either not performed or not documented. Of 48 inmates evaluated for TB disease who were not receiving treatment when admitted to jail, 10 had no record of sputum collection being done. A mean delay of 3.1 days occurred from symptom report to respiratory isolation. Time from tuberculin skin test reading to chest radiograph reading was a mean of 5.3 days in inmates evaluated for TB disease and a mean of 7.0 days in inmates with LTBI. Follow-up was arranged for 91% of released inmates who were on treatment for TB disease and only 17% of released inmates who were on treatment for LTBI. Conclusions. Jail health information systems should be augmented to better document and monitor inmate health care related to TB. Completion rates and timeliness of TB screening, diagnostic, and treatment measures should be evaluated to identify areas needing improvement. Finally, mechanisms for continuity of care upon inmate release should be enhanced to promote therapy completion and prevent TB transmission in the community. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Field Serv & Evaluat Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lobato, MN (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Field Serv & Evaluat Branch, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 118 IS 6 BP 500 EP 507 DI 10.1016/S0033-3549(04)50286-8 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 754AT UT WOS:000187281100003 PM 14563907 ER PT J AU Greensides, DR Berkelman, R Lansky, A Sullivan, PS AF Greensides, DR Berkelman, R Lansky, A Sullivan, PS TI Alternative HIV testing methods among populations at high risk for HIV infection SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID HOME COLLECTION; ON-SITE; ANTIBODY; ACCEPTABILITY AB Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of awareness and use of alternative HIV tests (home collection kit, oral mucosal transudate collection kit, and rapid tests) among people at high risk for HIV infection. Methods. Data were collected as part of an anonymous, cross-sectional interview study-the HIV Testing Survey (HITS)-conducted in seven states from September 2000 to February 2001. Three high-risk populations were recruited: men who have sex with men, injection drug users, and high-risk heterosexuals. Respondents were asked about their awareness and use of alternative HIV tests. Results. The overall awareness and use of the alternative tests was limited: 54% of respondents were aware of the home collection kit, 42% were aware of the oral mucosal transudate collection kit test, and 13% were aware of rapid tests. Among those aware of alternative tests, self-reported use of the tests was also low. The most common reasons given for not using alternative HIV tests were: preference for the standard test; concern that the results could be less accurate; and that alternative tests were not offered. Conclusions. The low levels of awareness and use of alternative HIV tests suggest that the potential for promoting testing among individuals at high risk for HIV by encouraging use of alternative HIV tests has not been fully realized. Alternative tests should be made more broadly available and should be accompanied by education about these tests for physicians and people at risk. Educational efforts should be evaluated to determine if promoting alternative HIV tests increases the numbers of people at risk for HIV who are tested. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, MPH Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Sullivan, PS (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 118 IS 6 BP 531 EP 539 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 754AT UT WOS:000187281100006 PM 14563910 ER PT J AU Hall, HI Saraiya, M Thompson, T Hartman, A Glanz, K Rimer, B AF Hall, HI Saraiya, M Thompson, T Hartman, A Glanz, K Rimer, B TI Correlates of sunburn experiences among US adults: Results of the 2000 National Health Interview Survey SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SUN EXPOSURE; PROTECTION BEHAVIORS; MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; UNITED-STATES; SKIN-CANCER; POPULATION; SUNSCREENS; ATTITUDES AB Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of sunburns in the U.S. adult population and the correlates of sunburns. Methods. Data from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey Cancer Control Module were used to calculate the number of sunburns (0, 1, 2, or greater than or equal to3) experienced during the past year by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and skin sensitivity to sun exposure. The relationship between no sunburns vs. one or more sunburns and additional demographic, health, and behavioral factors for adults who self-identify as white Hispanic or white non-Hispanic was assessed using general linear contrasts. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was conducted to determine the most important covariates associated with sunburns. All analyses were weighted for the complex sampling design. Results. The study data suggest that overall, 18.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.9, 19.1) of U.S. adults experience one sunburn a year, 9.7% (95% CI 9.3, 10.1) experience two, and 8.0% (95% CI 7.6, 8.4) experience greater than or equal to3 sunburns. The data also indicate that adults who self-identify as white non-Hispanic experience sunburns more frequently than (in order of prevalence) those who identify as American Indian/Alaska Native, white Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, or black. Sunburns were found to be more common among men than among women, more common among younger age groups than among older age groups, and more common among those with skin more prone to sunburn than among those with skin less prone to sunburn. Among individuals who self-identify as white Hispanic or white non-Hispanic, protective behaviors associated with lower rates of one or more sunburns in multivariate analyses are staying in the shade (odds ratio [OR] 0.73, 95% CI 0.66, 0.80) and wearing long-sleeved shirts (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75, 0.99). Conclusions. Many American adults have one or more sunburns per year. Methods to protect from sun exposure may not be used as needed to prevent sunburn. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr Hawaii, Social & Behav Sci Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Hall, HI (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 118 IS 6 BP 540 EP 549 DI 10.1016/S0033-3549(04)50290-X PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 754AT UT WOS:000187281100007 PM 14563911 ER PT J AU Wilson, TE Koenig, LJ Walter, E Fernandez, I Ethier, K AF Wilson, TE Koenig, LJ Walter, E Fernandez, I Ethier, K CA Perinatal Guidelines Evaluation TI Dual contraceptive method use for pregnancy and disease prevention among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women - The importance of an event-level focus for promoting safer sexual behaviors SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CONDOM USE AB Background and Objectives: Many women who report condom use also use other methods of birth control such as oral contraceptive pills. The use of 2 or more contraceptive methods often results in less consistent condom use. Goal. This study sought to document the prevalence and patterns of such dual contraceptive use among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women, and to assess factors associated with condom-only versus dual contraceptive use. Study Design: At 6 months postpartum, 361 sexually active women were interviewed regarding sexual behavior, male condom and other contraceptive use, and psychosocial factors. Results: Dual contraceptive method use was reported by 39% of sexually active women; 30% reported using condoms only. Almost two thirds of dual method users (64%) reported always using these methods together (ie, simultaneously) during vaginal sex. Among dual users, those who used methods simultaneously were more likely to be HIV-seropositive (odds ratio [OR], 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-6.5), to believe that a pregnancy would be very upsetting should it occur in the next 6 months (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.4), and to report no alcohol use (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.5-9.2). Conclusion: Dual contraceptive users should be encouraged to use methods together at every episode of vaginal sex. Interventions promoting simultaneous use should include pregnancy attitudes and the role of alcohol use, as well as a consideration of HIV serostatus as it impacts on dual use. C1 Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Miami, FL USA. RP Wilson, TE (reprint author), Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Box 1240,450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64CCU212267, U64CCU112274, U64CCU412273, U64CCU412294] NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 30 IS 11 BP 809 EP 812 DI 10.1097/01.OLQ.0000086617.41012.14 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 740QU UT WOS:000186413700002 PM 14603086 ER PT J AU Farley, TA Cohen, DA Kahn, RH Lolis, S Johnson, G Martin, DH AF Farley, TA Cohen, DA Kahn, RH Lolis, S Johnson, G Martin, DH TI The acceptability and behavioral effects of antibiotic prophylaxis for syphilis prevention SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MASS TREATMENT; DISEASE-CONTROL; PENICILLIN-G; SEX WORKERS; AZITHROMYCIN; TRANSMISSION; BENZATHINE; PROGRAM; CORE; RISK AB Background and Objectives: Use of preexposure antibiotic prophylaxis for syphilis control has been limited by concerns about acceptability and adverse behavioral effects. Goal. The goal was to determine whether persons at high risk for syphilis accept antibiotic prophylaxis and if so, whether they subsequently increase their risky behavior. Study Design: We gave a prospective cohort of persons either: 1) single doses of benzathine penicillin, azithromycin, and cefixime; or 2) a single dose of cefixime and 3 doses of azithromycin given biweekly. Results: Of 268 persons approached, 186 (69%) agreed to participate, 174 were treated, and 125 (72%) were located for follow up. Four weeks and 4 months after enrollment, participants reported reductions in the number of sex partners. At 4 months, 1% had acquired gonorrhea, 5% had acquired chlamydia, and none had acquired syphilis. Conclusion: Antibiotic prophylaxis for syphilis was acceptable and not followed by increases in risky behavior. Larger trials of preexposure antibiotic prophylaxis of core group members to control syphilis outbreaks should be undertaken. C1 Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Community Hlth Sci, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Metro Hlth Educ, Baton Rouge, LA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Sect, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Farley, TA (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Community Hlth Sci, 1440 Canal St, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [R30/CCR612016] NR 29 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 30 IS 11 BP 844 EP 849 DI 10.1097/01.OLQ.0000086604.54282.F2 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 740QU UT WOS:000186413700009 PM 14603093 ER PT J AU Ratelle, S Yokoe, D Blejan, C Whelan, M Tang, YR Platt, R Blair, R Tao, GY Irwin, K AF Ratelle, S Yokoe, D Blejan, C Whelan, M Tang, YR Platt, R Blair, R Tao, GY Irwin, K TI Predictive value of clinical diagnostic codes for the CDC case definition of pelvic inflammatory (PID) - Implications for surveillance SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; AMBULATORY-CARE; PHYSICIANS; MANAGEMENT; RECORDS; MODEL AB Background: Reporting of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) from private providers could be incomplete because of time and staff constraints, lack of knowledge of reporting requirements and of case definitions. Reporting burden can be alleviated with the use of administrative data. Goal. The goal of this study was to determine the validity of clinical diagnostic codes assigned in electronic medical records (EMR) for identifying PID and their use in enhancing surveillance. Study Design: A random sample of 296 records with a PID International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9), code (614.9) were reviewed to assess for the presence of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria for the case definition of PID. We used the records meeting the CDC clinical case definition criteria as the reference standard to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of various data elements. Results: Used alone, the positive predictive value (PPV) of ICD-9 code 614.9 for a CDC case definition of PID was 18.1%. The PPV increased to 100% and 56% when the ICD-9 code visit was associated with a positive test for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), respectively. Conclusion: In this multispecialty group practice, a positive test for GC and CT coupled with ICD-9 code 614.9 could be used to enhance reporting of cases of PID. C1 Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Div STD Prevent, Boston, MA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Worcester, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Caret, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Vanguard Med Associates, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ratelle, S (reprint author), State Lab Inst, Div STD Prevent, 305 South St, Boston, MA 02130 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [R30/CCR114902-01] NR 40 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 30 IS 11 BP 866 EP 870 DI 10.1097/01.OLQ.0000087945.08303.38 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 740QU UT WOS:000186413700013 PM 14603097 ER PT J AU Jonas, BS Brody, D Roper, M Narrow, WE AF Jonas, BS Brody, D Roper, M Narrow, WE TI Prevalence of mood disorders in a national sample of young American adults SO SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mood disorders; prevalence; depression; dysthymia; bipolar disorder; Diagnostic Interview Schedule; NHANES III ID RESEARCH DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; PROSPECTIVE RISK-FACTOR; UNITED-STATES ADULTS; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MENTAL-DISORDERS; GENERAL-POPULATION; FOLLOW-UP; DSM-III; SYMPTOMS; HYPERTENSION AB Background Availability of nationally representative mood disorder prevalence estimates in the United States, based on structured psychiatric interviews is limited. This report estimates overall lifetime prevalence of major depressive episode, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder using the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and compares these estimates to the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study (ECA) conducted 10 years earlier. Additionally, prevalence estimate breakdowns by selected sociodemographic and health characteristics are investigated. Methods NHANES III, conducted from 1988 to 1994, is a large nationally representative cross-sectional sample of the United States. A population-based sample of 8,602 men and women 17-39 years of age were eligible to participate, of whom 7,667 (89.1 %) completed interviews. Mood disorder assessments came from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) administered as one component of the NHANES III. Results Lifetime prevalence estimates were assessed for six mood measures: 1) major depressive episode (MDE) 8.6%, 2) major depressive episode with severity (MDE-s) 7.7%, 3) dysthymia 6.2%, 4) MDE-s with dysthymia 3.4%, 5) any bipolar disorder 1.6%, and 6) any mood disorder 11.5%. All estimates except for MDE and MDE-s were significantly higher than comparable ECA estimates. Conclusions These data provide recent national prevalence estimates. Based on their overall magnitudes, subgroup excesses, and observed increases compared to the ECA, continued monitoring of these estimates is warranted. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Amer Psychiat Inst Res & Educ, Arlington, VA USA. RP Jonas, BS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Room 6433,3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RI Langan Martin, Julie/M-4658-2015 NR 42 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 5 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PO BOX 10 04 62, D-64204 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 0933-7954 J9 SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID JI Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 38 IS 11 BP 618 EP 624 DI 10.1007/s00127-003-0682-8 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 742XF UT WOS:000186542800003 PM 14614549 ER PT J AU Pappaioanou, M Malison, M Wilkins, K Otto, B Goodman, RA Churchill, RE White, M Thacker, SB AF Pappaioanou, M Malison, M Wilkins, K Otto, B Goodman, RA Churchill, RE White, M Thacker, SB TI Strengthening capacity in developing countries for evidence-based public health: the data for decision-making project SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE decision making; public health policy; capacity building; epidemiology; management; health information systems; global health ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; POLICY; SURVEILLANCE AB Public health officials and the communities they serve need to: identify priority health problems; formulate effective health policies; respond to public health emergencies; select, implement, and evaluate cost-effective interventions to prevent and control disease and injury; and allocate human and financial resources. Despite agreement that rational, data-based decisions will lead to improved health outcomes, many public health decisions appear to be made intuitively or politically. During 1991-1996, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention implemented the US Agency for International Development funded Data for Decision-Making (DDM) Project. DDM goals were to: (a) strengthen the capacity of decision makers to identify data needs for solving problems and to interpret and use data appropriately for public health decisions; (b) enhance the capacity of technical advisors to provide valid, essential, and timely data to decision makers clearly and effectively; and (c) strengthen health information systems (HISs) to facilitate the collection, analysis, reporting, presentation, and use of data at local, district, regional, and national levels. Assessments were conducted to identify important health problems, problem-driven implementation plans with data-based solutions as objectives were developed, interdisciplinary, in-service training programs for mid-level policy makers, program managers, and technical advisors in applied epidemiology, management and leadership, communications, economic evaluation, and HISs were designed and implemented, national staff were trained in the refinement of HISs to improve access to essential data from multiple sources, and the effectiveness of the strategy was evaluated. This strategy was tested in Bolivia, Cameroon, Mexico, and the Philippines, where decentralization of health services led to a need to strengthen the capacity of policy makers and health officers at sub-national levels to use information more effectively. Results showed that the DDM strategy improved evidence-based public health. Subsequently, DDM concepts and practices have been institutionalized in participating countries and at CDC. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Director, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Int Hlth, Data Decis Making Project, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Publ Hlth Syst Dev & Res, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Int Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pappaioanou, M (reprint author), Off Global Hlth, Mailstop D-69,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 39 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 57 IS 10 BP 1925 EP 1937 DI 10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00058-3 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 728MF UT WOS:000185720400013 PM 14499516 ER PT J AU Mussolino, ME Madans, JH Gillum, RF AF Mussolino, ME Madans, JH Gillum, RF TI Bone mineral density, blood pressure, and stroke in elderly women - Response SO STROKE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Mussolino, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD NOV PY 2003 VL 34 IS 11 BP E210 EP E211 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 740JG UT WOS:000186398800054 ER PT J AU Lenhart, AE McCall, PJ Ochoa, M Sorilla, M Kroeger, A AF Lenhart, Audrey E. McCall, P. J. Ochoa, Manuel Sorilla, Manuel Kroeger, Axel TI The use of insecticide-treated curtains and larval growth inhibitors for dengue control in semiurban Veracruz, Mexico SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. IMSS Solidaridad, Veracruz, Mexico. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 97 IS 6 BP 628 EP 628 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(03)80073-1 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V43WB UT WOS:000202964100031 ER PT J AU Kuzmin, IV Orciari, LA Arai, YT Smith, JS Hanlon, CA Kameoka, Y Rupprecht, CE AF Kuzmin, IV Orciari, LA Arai, YT Smith, JS Hanlon, CA Kameoka, Y Rupprecht, CE TI Bat lyssaviruses (Aravan and Khujand) from Central Asia: phylogenetic relationships according to N, P and G gene sequences SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Rhabdovirus; Lyssavirus; phylogeny; Central Asia; Chiroptera; Myotis bat ID RABIES VIRUS-INFECTION; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; EVOLUTION; PHOSPHOPROTEIN; DIFFERENTIATION; PATHOGENESIS; GLYCOPROTEIN; NUCLEOTIDE; POLYMERASE AB Bat lyssaviruses Aravan and Khujand were isolated in southern Kyrgyzstan in 1991 and in northern Tajikistan in 2001, respectively. Preliminary studies with anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies suggested that the viruses were distinct from other lyssavirus serotypes. These data were supported by sequencing of the N gene of Aravan virus. In the present study, we sequenced the entire N, P and G genes of both Aravan and Khujand viruses and compared them with respective sequences of other lyssaviruses available from GenBank. The results suggested that each virus should be considered as a newly recognized genotype according to the current approaches for genotype definition (amount of nucleotide identity of the N gene and bootstrap support of joining to certain phylogenetic groups). Use of different phylogenetic methods and comparison of different parts of the genomes generally suggested that Khujand virus was mainly related to genotype 6, while Aravan virus, on the one hand, was related to Khujand virus, and, on the other hand, demonstrated moderate similarity to genotypes 4, 5 and 6. The potential significance of these new lyssaviruses for veterinary and public health should not be underestimated. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Nat Foci Infect, Omsk 644080, Russia. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 162, Japan. RP Rupprecht, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Cliffton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 58 TC 107 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 97 IS 2 BP 65 EP 79 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(03)00217-X PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 747XB UT WOS:000186830400002 PM 14602198 ER PT J AU Reefhuis, J Mann, EA Whitney, CG AF Reefhuis, J Mann, EA Whitney, CG TI Bacterial meningitis in children with cochlear implants - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID RECURRENT MENINGITIS; DYSPLASIA; MALFORMATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Reefhuis, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 30 PY 2003 VL 349 IS 18 BP 1772 EP 1773 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 737FJ UT WOS:000186219500019 ER PT J AU Jeyarajah, EJ Freedman, DS Otvos, JD Schaefer, EJ AF Jeyarajah, EJ Freedman, DS Otvos, JD Schaefer, EJ TI Age and gender differences in lipoprotein subclasses in the Framingham offspring study help explain the sex differential in coronary heart disease SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 76th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-12, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Lipo Sci Inc, Raleigh, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Lipo Sci Inc, Raleigh, NC USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 28 PY 2003 VL 108 IS 17 SU S MA 3299 BP 730 EP 730 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 739RQ UT WOS:000186360603348 ER PT J AU Schieber, R Morgan, J Roper, MH Neff, L Chapman, L Iskander, J Mootrey, G Sperling, L Robinson, RM Swerdlow, D AF Schieber, R Morgan, J Roper, MH Neff, L Chapman, L Iskander, J Mootrey, G Sperling, L Robinson, RM Swerdlow, D TI Cardiac complication among civilians vaccinated against smallpox, United States, 2003 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 76th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-12, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 28 PY 2003 VL 108 IS 17 SU S MA 3391 BP 751 EP 751 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 739RQ UT WOS:000186360603440 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Giles, WH Giles, AH AF Ford, ES Giles, WH Giles, AH TI The prevalence of 10-year risk for coronary heart disease among US adults: Findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 76th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-12, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 28 PY 2003 VL 108 IS 17 SU S MA 3510 BP 778 EP 778 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 739RQ UT WOS:000186360603559 ER PT J AU Chugh, SS Dogra, V Thompson, B Ilias, N Danna, D John, BT Zheng, ZJ Mensah, G Gunson, K Daya, M Kron, J Jui, J McAnulty, J AF Chugh, SS Dogra, V Thompson, B Ilias, N Danna, D John, BT Zheng, ZJ Mensah, G Gunson, K Daya, M Kron, J Jui, J McAnulty, J TI Annual incidence of sudden cardiac death based on operative definition: A prospective, population-based, countywide study using multiple sources. SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 76th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-12, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 28 PY 2003 VL 108 IS 17 SU S BP A1040 EP A1040 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 739RQ UT WOS:000186360603658 ER PT J AU Smith, RL Kolenikov, S Cox, LH AF Smith, RL Kolenikov, S Cox, LH TI Spatiotemporal modeling of PM2.5 data with missing values SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE particulate matter; EPA standards; time series; spatial statistics; geostatistics AB [1] We propose a method of analyzing spatiotemporal data by decomposition into deterministic nonparametric functions of time and space, linear functions of other covariates, and a random component that is spatially, though not temporally, correlated. The resulting model is used for spatial interpolation and especially for estimation of a spatially dependent temporal average. The results are applied to part of the PM2.5 network established by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, covering three southeastern U. S. states. A novel feature of the analysis is a variant of the expectation-maximization algorithm to account for missing data. The results show, among other things, that a substantial part of the region is in violation of the proposed long-term average standard for PM2.5. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Stat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Geophys Stat Project, Boulder, CO USA. RP Smith, RL (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Stat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM rls@email.unc.edu; skolenik@email.unc.edu; lgc9@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 25 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D24 AR 9004 DI 10.1029/2002JD002914 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 736XU UT WOS:000186199200001 ER PT J AU Chen, RT Lane, JM AF Chen, RT Lane, JM TI Myocarditis: the unexpected return of smallpox vaccine adverse events SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Smallpox Eradicat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chen, RT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 25 PY 2003 VL 362 IS 9393 BP 1345 EP 1346 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14674-0 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 735YX UT WOS:000186143300005 PM 14585633 ER PT J AU Charrel, RN Brault, AC Gallian, P Lemasson, JJ Murgue, B Murri, S Pastorino, B Zeller, H de Chesse, R de Micco, P de Lamballerie, X AF Charrel, RN Brault, AC Gallian, P Lemasson, JJ Murgue, B Murri, S Pastorino, B Zeller, H de Chesse, R de Micco, P de Lamballerie, X TI Evolutionary relationship between Old World West Nile virus strains - Evidence for viral gene flow between Africa, the Middle East, and Europe SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLAVIVIRUS; PROTEINS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEQUENCES; DISEASE AB Little is known about the genetic relationships between European and other Old-World strains of West Nile virus (WNV) and persistence of WNV North of Mediterranean. We characterized the complete genomes of three WNV strains from France (horse-2000), Tunisia (human-1997) and Kenya (mosquito-1998), and the envelope, NS3 and NS5 genes of the Koutango virus. Phylogenetic analyses including all available full-length sequences showed that: (1) Koutango virus is a distant variant of WNV; (2) the three characterized strains belong to lineage 1, clade la; (3) the Tunisian strain roots the lineage of viruses introduced in North America. We established that currently available partial envelope sequences do not generate reliable phylogenies. Accordingly, establishing a large WNV sequence database is pivotal for the understanding of spatial and temporal epidemiology of this virus. For rapid completion of that purpose, colinearized E-NS3-NS5 gene sequences were shown to constitute a valuable surrogate for complete sequences. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Fac Med Marseille, Unite Virus Emergents, F-13005 Marseille, France. Inst Med Trop, IFR48 IRD, URO37, Serv Sante Armees, Marseille, France. CDCP, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Inst Pasteur, Ctr Ref Arbovirus & Fievres Hemorragiques Virales, Unite Biol Infect Virales Emergentes, Lyon, France. RP de Lamballerie, X (reprint author), Fac Med Marseille, Unite Virus Emergents, 27,Blvd Jean Moulin, F-13005 Marseille, France. NR 16 TC 76 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT 25 PY 2003 VL 315 IS 2 BP 381 EP 388 DI 10.1016/S0042-6822(03)00536-1 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 741GB UT WOS:000186449400013 PM 14585341 ER PT J AU Shaffer, JA Bellini, WJ Rota, PA AF Shaffer, JA Bellini, WJ Rota, PA TI The C protein of measles virus inhibits the type I interferon response SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE measles; C protein; interferon; cytokine; paramyxovirus; Morbillivirus ID HUMAN LYMPHOBLASTOID CELLS; SENDAI-VIRUS; V-PROTEIN; ALPHA/BETA-INTERFERON; GAMMA-INTERFERON; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; RECEPTOR COMPLEX; VACCINE STRAINS; STAT PROTEIN; NIPAH VIRUS AB Type I interferons (IFNalpha/beta) are an important part of innate immunity to viral infections because they induce an antiviral response and limit viral replication until the adaptive response clears the infection. Since the nonstructural proteins of several paramyxoviruses inhibit the IFNalpha/beta response, we chose to explore the role of the C protein of measles virus (MV) in such inhibition. Previous studies have suggested that the MV C protein may serve as a virulence factor, but its role in the pathogenesis of MV remains undefined. In the present study, a recombinant MV strain that does not express the C protein (MV C-) and its parental strain (Ed Tag) were used. Growth of MV C- was restricted in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and HeLa cells, but in the presence of neutralizing antibodies to IFNalpha/beta, MV C-produced titers that were equivalent to those of Ed Tag. In addition, expression of the MV C protein from plasmid DNA inhibited the production of an IFNalpha/beta responsive reporter gene and, to a lesser extent, inhibited an IFNgamma responsive reporter gene. The ability of the MV C protein to suppress the IFNalpha/beta response was confirmed using a biologic assay. After IFNbeta stimulation, HeLa cells infected with Ed Tag produced five-fold less IFNalpha/beta than cells infected with MV C-, While the mechanism of inhibition remains unclear, these data suggest that the MV C protein plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MV by inhibiting IFNalpha/beta signaling, (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Measles Virus Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Immunol & Mol Pathogenesis Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Measles Virus Sect, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-C22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 53 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT 25 PY 2003 VL 315 IS 2 BP 389 EP 397 DI 10.1016/S0042-6822(03)00537-3 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 741GB UT WOS:000186449400014 PM 14585342 ER PT J AU Zheng, LB Wang, S Romans, P Zhao, HY Luna, C Benedict, MQ AF Zheng, LB Wang, S Romans, P Zhao, HY Luna, C Benedict, MQ TI Quantitative trait loci in Anopheles gambiae controlling the encapsulation response against Plasmodium cynomolgi Ceylon SO BMC GENETICS LA English DT Article ID INTEGRATED GENETIC-MAP; MALARIA VECTOR; SEPHADEX BEADS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; SUSCEPTIBLE STRAINS; REFRACTORY STRAIN; ESTERASE LOCUS; RESISTANCE; MOSQUITO; ASSOCIATION AB Background: Anopheles gambiae females are the world's most successful vectors of human malaria. However, a fraction of these mosquitoes is refractory to Plasmodium development. L3-5, a laboratory selected refractory strain, encapsulates transforming ookinetes/early oocysts of a wide variety of Plasmodium species. Previous studies on these mosquitoes showed that one major (Pen1) and two minor (Pen2, Pen3) autosomal dominant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) control the melanotic encapsulation response against P. cynomolgi B, a simian malaria originating in Malaysia. Results: We have investigated the response of L3-5 to infection with P. cynomolgi Ceylon, a different but related parasite species, in crosses with the susceptible strain 4Arr. Refractoriness to this parasite is incompletely recessive. Infection and genotyping of F2 intercross females at genome-spanning microsatellite loci revealed that 3 autosomal QTLs control encapsulation of this species. Two loci map to the regions containing Pen2 and Pen3. The novel QTL maps to chromosome 3R, probably to polytene division 32 or 33. Thus the relative contribution of any QTL to oocyst encapsulation varies with the species of parasite. Further, different QTLs were most readily identified in different F2 families. This, like the F1 data, suggests that L3-5 is not genetically homogeneous and that somewhat different pathways may be used to achieve an encapsulation response. Conclusion: We have shown here that different QTLs are involved in responses against different Plasmodium parasites. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Zool, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA 30334 USA. RP Zheng, LB (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 60 Coll St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI043053, R01 AI043053, AI43053] NR 46 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2156 J9 BMC GENET JI BMC Genet. PD OCT 24 PY 2003 VL 4 AR 16 DI 10.1186/1471-2156-4-16 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 745LK UT WOS:000186690000001 PM 14577840 ER PT J AU Shvedova, AA Castranova, V Kisin, ER Schwegler-Berry, D Murray, AR Gandelsman, VZ Maynard, A Baron, P AF Shvedova, AA Castranova, V Kisin, ER Schwegler-Berry, D Murray, AR Gandelsman, VZ Maynard, A Baron, P TI Exposure to carbon nanotube material: Assessment of nanotube cytotoxicity using human keratinocyte cells SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; CONTACT-DERMATITIS; FREE-RADICALS; IRON; PARTICLES; CANCER; TOXICOLOGY; ACTIVATION; MINERS; LAYER AB Carbon nanotubes are new members of carbon allotropes similar to fullerenes and graphite. Because of their unique electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, carbon nanotubes are important for novel applications in the electronics, aerospace, and computer industries. Exposure to graphite and carbon materials has been associated with increased incidence of skin diseases, such as carbon fiber dermatitis, hyperkeratosis, and naevi. We investigated adverse effects of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) using a cell culture of immortalized human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT). After 18 h of exposure of HaCaT to SWCNT, oxidative stress and cellular toxicity were indicated by formation of free radicals, accumulation of peroxidative products, antioxidant depletion, and loss of cell viability. Exposure to SWCNT also resulted in ultrastructural and morphological changes in cultured skin cells. These data indicate that dermal exposure to unrefined SWCNT may lead to dermal toxicity due to accelerated oxidative stress in the skin of exposed workers. C1 NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NASA, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NIOSH, Monitoring Res & Stat Act, DART, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Shvedova, AA (reprint author), NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Maynard, Andrew/D-1076-2010; OI Maynard, Andrew/0000-0003-2117-5128 NR 53 TC 711 Z9 766 U1 12 U2 103 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD OCT 24 PY 2003 VL 66 IS 20 BP 1909 EP 1926 DI 10.1080/15287390390231566 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 737LK UT WOS:000186231700002 PM 14514433 ER PT J AU Frieden, T Mostashari, F Schwartz, SP Thorpe, LE Karpati, AM Marx, MA Manning, SE AF Frieden, T Mostashari, F Schwartz, SP Thorpe, LE Karpati, AM Marx, MA Manning, SE CA CDC TI Cardiac deaths after a mass smallpox vaccination Campaign - New York City, 1947 - (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 933-936, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. CDC, Div Adult Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Frieden, T (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 22 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 16 BP 2118 EP 2119 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 734CB UT WOS:000186036700008 ER PT J AU Berry, K Colvin, S Blythe, D Stroube, RB Woolard, CD Essex, B Bresnitz, EA Hayslett, JA Dull, PM Whitney, EAS Reissman, DB TAylor, TH Plikaytis, B Rosenstein, N Perkins, B Ashford, DA Pinner, R AF Berry, K Colvin, S Blythe, D Stroube, RB Woolard, CD Essex, B Bresnitz, EA Hayslett, JA Dull, PM Whitney, EAS Reissman, DB TAylor, TH Plikaytis, B Rosenstein, N Perkins, B Ashford, DA Pinner, R CA CDC TI Follow-up of deaths among U.S. Postal Service workers potentially exposed to Bacillus anthracis - District of Columbia, 2001-2002 - (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 937-938, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID CERTIFICATES C1 Dist Columbia Hlth Dept, Washington, DC USA. Maryland State Dept Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA USA. New Jersey State Dept Hlth, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Berry, K (reprint author), Dist Columbia Hlth Dept, Washington, DC USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 22 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 16 BP 2119 EP 2120 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 734CB UT WOS:000186036700009 ER PT J AU Smith-Bindman, R Chu, PW Miglioretti, DL Sickles, EA Blanks, R Ballard-Barbash, R Bobo, JK Lee, NC Wallis, NG Patnick, J Kerlikowske, K AF Smith-Bindman, R Chu, PW Miglioretti, DL Sickles, EA Blanks, R Ballard-Barbash, R Bobo, JK Lee, NC Wallis, NG Patnick, J Kerlikowske, K TI Comparison of screening mammography in the United States and the United Kingdom SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE PREDICTIVE VALUE; BREAST-CANCER; DIAGNOSTIC MAMMOGRAPHY; MEDICAL AUDIT; 22 COUNTRIES; FOLLOW-UP; PROGRAM; PERFORMANCE; GUIDELINES; WOMEN AB Context Screening mammography differs between the United States and the United Kingdom; a direct comparison may suggest methods to improve the practice. Objective To compare screening mammography performance between the United States and the United Kingdom among similar-aged women. Design, Setting, and Participants Women aged 50 years or older were identified who underwent 5.5 million mammograms from January 1, 1996, to December 31, 1999, within 3 large-scale mammography registries or screening programs: the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC, n=978591) and National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP, n=613388) in the United States; and the National Health Service Breast Screening Program (NHSBSP, n =3.94 million) in the United Kingdom. A total of 27612 women were diagnosed with breast cancer (invasive or ductal carcinoma in situ) within 12 months of screening among the 3 groups. Main Outcome Measures Recall rates (recommendation for further evaluation including diagnostic imaging, ultrasound, clinical examination, or biopsy) and cancer detection rates were calculated for first and subsequent mammograms, and within 5-year age groups. Results Recall rates were approximately twice as high in the United States than in the United Kingdom for all age groups; however, cancer rates were similar. Among women aged 50 to 54 years who underwent a first screening mammogram, 14.4% in the BCSC and 12.5% in the NBCCEDP were recalled for further evaluation vs only 7.6% in the NHSBSP. Cancer detection rates per 1000 mammogram screens were 5.8, 5.9, and 6.3, in the BCSC, NBCCEDP, and NHSBSP, respectively. Recall rates were lower for subsequent examinations in all 3 settings but remained twice as high in the United States. A similar percentage of women underwent biopsy in each setting, but rates of percutaneous biopsy were lower and open surgical biopsy higher in the United States. Open surgical biopsies not resulting in a diagnosis of cancer (negative biopsies) were twice as high in the United States than in the United Kingdom. Based on a 10-year period of screening 1000 women aged 50 to 59 years, 477, 433, and 175 women in the BCSC, NBCCEDP, and NHSBSP, respectively, would be recalled; and for women aged 60 to 69 years, 396, 334, and 1 33 women, respectively. The estimated cancer detection rates per 1000 women aged 50 to 59 years were 24.5, 23.8, and 19.4, respectively, and for women aged 60 to 69 years, 31.5, 26.6, and 27.9, respectively. Conclusions Recall and negative open surgical biopsy rates are twice as high in US settings than in the United Kingdom but cancer detection rates are similar. Efforts to improve US mammographic screening should target lowering the recall rate without reducing the cancer detection rate. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Vet Affairs, Gen Internal Med Sect, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ London, Inst Canc Res, Canc Screening Evaluat Unit, London WC1E 7HU, England. NCI, Appl Res Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Hlth Serv Breast Screening Program, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. Warwickshire Solihull & Coventry Breast Screening, Coventry, W Midlands, England. RP Smith-Bindman, R (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol, Mt Zion Campus,1600 Divisadero St, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [U01CA86076, CA86032, U01CA63740] NR 46 TC 204 Z9 207 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 22 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 16 BP 2129 EP 2137 DI 10.1001/jama.290.16.2129 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 734CB UT WOS:000186036700022 PM 14570948 ER PT J AU Sawaya, GF McConnell, KJ Kulasingam, SL Lawson, HW Kerlikowske, K Melnikow, J Lee, NC Gildengorin, G Myers, ER Washington, AE AF Sawaya, GF McConnell, KJ Kulasingam, SL Lawson, HW Kerlikowske, K Melnikow, J Lee, NC Gildengorin, G Myers, ER Washington, AE TI Risk of cervical cancer associated with extending the interval between cervical-cancer screenings SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-HISTORY; PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; COSTA-RICA; WOMEN; ABNORMALITIES; CYTOLOGY; GUIDELINES; MANAGEMENT; NEOPLASIA AB BACKGROUND: Although contemporary guidelines suggest that the intervals between Papanicolaou tests can be extended to three years among low-risk women with previous negative tests, the excess risk of cervical cancer associated with less frequent than annual screening is uncertain. METHODS: We determined the prevalence of biopsy-proven cervical neoplasia among 938,576 women younger than 65 years of age, stratified according to the number of previous consecutive negative Papanicolaou tests. Using a Markov model that estimates the rate at which dysplasia will progress to cancer, we estimated the risk of cancer within three years after one or more negative Papanicolaou tests, as well as the number of additional Papanicolaou tests and colposcopic examinations that would be required to avert one case of cancer given a particular interval between screenings. RESULTS: Among 31,728 women 30 to 64 years of age who had had three or more consecutive negative tests, the prevalence of biopsy-proven cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 was 0.028 percent and the prevalence of grade 3 neoplasia was 0.019 percent; none of the women had invasive cervical cancer. According to our model, the estimated risk of cancer with annual Papanicolaou tests for three years was 2 in 100,000 among women 30 to 44 years of age, 1 in 100,000 among women 45 to 59 years of age, and 1 in 100,000 among women 60 to 64 years of age; these risks would be 5 in 100,000, 2 in 100,000, and 1 in 100,000, respectively, if screening were performed once three years after the last negative test. To avert one additional case of cancer by screening 100,000 women annually for three years rather than once three years after the last negative test, an average of 69,665 additional Papanicolaou tests and 3861 colposcopic examinations would be needed in women 30 to 44 years of age and an average of 209,324 additional Papanicolaou tests and 11,502 colposcopic examinations in women 45 to 59 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: As compared with annual screening for three years, screening performed once three years after the last negative test in women 30 to 64 years of age who have had three or more consecutive negative Papanicolaou tests is associated with an average excess risk of cervical cancer of approximately 3 in 100,000. C1 Dept Vet Affairs, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Gen Internal Med Sect, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Emergency Med Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Family & Community Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Sawaya, GF (reprint author), Dept Vet Affairs, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. FU AHRQ HHS [HS07373]; NCI NIH HHS [K08 CA 74973-02]; PHS HHS [282-98-0026] NR 45 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 8 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 16 PY 2003 VL 349 IS 16 BP 1501 EP 1509 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa035419 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 731ZM UT WOS:000185916400004 PM 14561792 ER PT J AU Schwartz, E Parise, M Kozarsky, P Cetron, M AF Schwartz, E Parise, M Kozarsky, P Cetron, M TI Delayed onset of malaria - Implications for chemoprophylaxis in travelers SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; UNITED-STATES TROOPS; DOUBLE-BLIND; ATOVAQUONE-PROGUANIL; VIVAX MALARIA; NONIMMUNE TRAVELERS; PYRIMETHAMINE-SULFADOXINE; CHLOROQUINE-PROGUANIL; AMERICAN TRAVELERS AB BACKGROUND: Most antimalarial agents used by travelers act on the parasite's blood stage and therefore do not prevent late-onset illness, particularly that due to species that cause relapsing malaria. We examined the magnitude of this problem among Israeli and American travelers. METHODS: We examined malaria surveillance data from Israel and the United States to determine the traveler's destination, the infecting species, the type of chemoprophylaxis used, and the incubation period. RESULTS: In Israel, from 1994 through 1999, there were 300 cases of malaria among returning travelers in which one species of plasmodium could be identified. In 134 of these cases (44.7 percent), the illness developed more than two months after the traveler's return; nearly all of these cases were due to infection with Plasmodium vivax or P. ovale. In 108 of the 134 cases (80.6 percent), the patient had used an antimalarial regimen according to national guidelines. In the United States, from 1992 through 1998, there were 2822 cases of malaria among travelers in which the cause could be evaluated. Late illness developed in 987 (35.0 percent) of these travelers. The infection was due to P. vivax in 811 travelers, P. ovale in 66, P. falciparum in 59, and P. malariae in 51; 614 (62.2 percent) of those with late-onset illness had appropriately taken an effective antimalarial agent. CONCLUSIONS: In more than one third of malaria-infected travelers, the illness developed more than two months after their return. Most of these late-onset illnesses are not prevented by the commonly used and effective blood schizonticides. Agents that act on the liver phase of malaria parasites are needed for more effective prevention of malaria in travelers. C1 Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Ctr Geog Med, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Dept Med, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Med, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. CDCP, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. US PHS, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schwartz, E (reprint author), Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Ctr Geog Med, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. NR 43 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 16 PY 2003 VL 349 IS 16 BP 1510 EP 1516 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa021592 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 731ZM UT WOS:000185916400005 PM 14561793 ER PT J AU El Bassioni, L Barakat, I Nasr, E de Gourville, EM Hovi, T Blomqvist, S Burns, C Stenvik, M Gary, H Kew, OM Pallansch, MA Wahdan, MH AF El Bassioni, L Barakat, I Nasr, E de Gourville, EM Hovi, T Blomqvist, S Burns, C Stenvik, M Gary, H Kew, OM Pallansch, MA Wahdan, MH TI Prolonged detection of indigenous wild polioviruses in sewage from communities in Egypt SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Egypt; environment; environmental monitoring; phylogeny; poliovirus; population surveillance; sequence analysis; sewage ID ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEILLANCE; POLIOMYELITIS; OUTBREAK; CIRCULATION; TRANSMISSION; ERADICATION; FINLAND; SYSTEM; TYPE-3; RISK AB Environmental surveillance for polioviruses has been implemented in Egypt. This paper reports on a study in which 130 sewage samples were collected between January 2001 and December 2001 from eight provinces of Egypt. Samples were analyzed by virus isolation in L20B and RD cell cultures, and wild polioviruses were characterized by sequencing of the VP1 protein coding region. Wild type 1 polioviruses were detected in 57% of the sewage samples and 91% of the study sites, only two of which reported paralytic poliomyelitis cases in 2001. Three genetic lineages of a single indigenous type 1 poliovirus genotype were detectable in sewage, and only one lineage was also detected through surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis. Wild polioviruses persisted in the environment despite implementation of oral poliovirus vaccine immunization campaigns. Continued analysis of sewage samples, critical evaluation of immunization coverage, and performance of surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis are proposed as follow-up activities. C1 Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Microbiol, KTL, SF-00300 Helsinki, Finland. Egyptian Org Biol Prod & Vaccine Prod, Cairo, Egypt. Minist Hlth Cairo, Cairo, Egypt. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Polio Eradicat Branch, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hovi, T (reprint author), Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Microbiol, KTL, Mannerheimintie 166, SF-00300 Helsinki, Finland. NR 21 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 158 IS 8 BP 807 EP 815 DI 10.1098/aje/kwg202 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 731QJ UT WOS:000185897700012 PM 14561671 ER PT J AU Rao, JK Kroenke, K Mihaliak, KA Grambow, SC Weinberger, M AF Rao, JK Kroenke, K Mihaliak, KA Grambow, SC Weinberger, M TI Rheumatology patients' use of complementary therapies: Results from a one-year longitudinal study SO ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM-ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 64th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology CY OCT-NOV -, 2000 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol DE complementary therapy; arthritis; cohort; outcome ID ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE USE; HEALTH-CARE; UNITED-STATES; BREAST-CANCER; ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; PREVALENCE; COMMUNITY; REMEDIES; DISEASES AB Objective. To examine the natural history of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and its impact on outcomes within a cohort of rheumatology patients. Methods. Consecutive patients were recruited from 3 university and 3 private rheumatology practices. Baseline chart reviews provided demographic information and rheumatic diagnoses. Patients answered questions on CAM use and health status during 1 year. We identified correlates of 4 CAM usage patterns (started, maintained, stopped, nonuse) and compared outcomes among these groups. Results. Of 232 baseline participants, 203 (87%) and 177 (76%) responded to the 6- and 12-month surveys. In each survey, approximately 34% reported currently using CAM. During the year, 44% of patients remained nonusers whereas 12% started, 22% maintained, and 22% stopped use. The most frequent reasons for stopping CAM were lack of effectiveness and expense. CAM users and nonusers had no difference in outcomes. Conclusions. Arthritis patients' usage behavior varied substantially, but CAM use was not associated with a difference in outcomes. C1 Durham Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Durham, NC USA. Indiana Univ Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Indiana Univ, Richard L Roudebush Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. RP Rao, JK (reprint author), CDC, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS K-51, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Grambow, Steven/E-1422-2015 OI Grambow, Steven/0000-0001-6037-3253 NR 53 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRIT RHEUM-ARTHR JI Arthritis Rheum-Arthritis Care Res. PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 49 IS 5 BP 619 EP 625 DI 10.1002/art.11377 PG 7 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 734CU UT WOS:000186038300001 PM 14558046 ER PT J AU Solomkin, JS Mazuski, JE Baron, EJ Sawyer, RG Nathens, AB DiPiro, JT Buchman, T Dellinger, EP Jernigan, J Gorbach, S Chow, AW Bartlett, J AF Solomkin, JS Mazuski, JE Baron, EJ Sawyer, RG Nathens, AB DiPiro, JT Buchman, T Dellinger, EP Jernigan, J Gorbach, S Chow, AW Bartlett, J TI Guidelines for the selection of anti-infective agents for complicated intra-abdominal infections SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BACTEROIDES-FRAGILIS GROUP; CIPROFLOXACIN PLUS METRONIDAZOLE; INTRA-ABDOMINAL SEPSIS; BLIND CLINICAL-TRIAL; IMIPENEM-CILASTATIN; PIPERACILLIN-TAZOBACTAM; PERFORATED APPENDICITIS; MULTICENTER TRIAL; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC-THERAPY C1 Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Surg, Charlottesville, VA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Pharm, Augusta, GA USA. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Surg, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Med, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Solomkin, JS (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Surg, 231 Albert B Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. OI Buchman, Timothy/0000-0001-7350-5921 NR 70 TC 266 Z9 297 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 8 BP 997 EP 1005 DI 10.1086/378702 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 727TT UT WOS:000185677500001 PM 14523762 ER PT J AU King, MD Whitney, CG Parekh, F Farley, MM AF King, MD Whitney, CG Parekh, F Farley, MM CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease: A population-based assessment SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; BACTEREMIA; IMMUNODEFICIENCY; INFECTION; CHILDREN; COUNTY AB We sought to define the risk of recurrence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and to define the characteristics of persons experiencing recurrent IPD through population-based surveillance. Cases of IPD were identified through the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Active Bacterial Core Surveillance. Recurrent episodes were defined as isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from any normally sterile site greater than or equal to30 days after initial positive culture. Among 13,924 persons who survived their initial episode of IPD, 318 (2.3%) experienced greater than or equal to1 subsequent episode, for 376 total recurrences. The recurrence rate was 1294 episodes per 100,000 person-years, or 50 times the annual incidence of IPD. In multivariable analysis, a higher risk of recurrence was seen in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus and in children <5 years old with chronic illness. Most (92%) persons with recurrence had a vaccine indication. The risk of recurrence among certain persons with IPD is extremely high. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Grady Mem Hosp, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP King, MD (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, 69 Jesse Hill Dr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1029 EP 1036 DI 10.1086/377736 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 727TT UT WOS:000185677500005 PM 14523766 ER PT J AU Madani, TA Al-Mazrou, YY Al-Jeffri, MH Mishkhas, AA Al-Rabeah, AM Turkistani, AM Al-Sayed, MO Abodahish, AA Khan, AS Ksiazek, TG Shobokshi, O AF Madani, TA Al-Mazrou, YY Al-Jeffri, MH Mishkhas, AA Al-Rabeah, AM Turkistani, AM Al-Sayed, MO Abodahish, AA Khan, AS Ksiazek, TG Shobokshi, O TI Rift Valley fever epidemic in Saudi Arabia: Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EGYPT; VIRUS AB This cohort descriptive study summarizes the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the Rift Valley fever (RVF) epidemic that occurred in Saudi Arabia from 26 August 2000 through 22 September 2001. A total of 886 cases were reported. Of 834 reported cases for which laboratory results were available, 81.9% were laboratory confirmed, of which 51.1% were positive for only RVF immunoglobulin M, 35.7% were positive for only RVF antigen, and 13.2% were positive for both. The mean age (+/- standard deviation) was years, and the ratio of male to female patients was 4:1. Clinical and laboratory features included 46.9 +/- 19.4 fever (92.6% of patients), nausea (59.4%), vomiting (52.6%), abdominal pain (38.0%), diarrhea (22.1%), jaundice (18.1%), neurological manifestations (17.1%), hemorrhagic manifestations (7.1%), vision loss or scotomas (1.5%), elevated liver enzyme levels (98%), elevated lactate dehydrogenase level (60.2%), thrombocytopenia (38.4%), leukopenia (39.7%), renal impairment or failure (27.8%), elevated creatine kinase level (27.3%), and severe anemia (15.1%). The mortality rate was 13.9%. Bleeding, neurological manifestations, and jaundice were independently associated with a high mortality rate. Patients with leukopenia had significantly a lower mortality rate than did those with a normal or high leukocyte count (2.3% vs. 27.9%; odds ratio, 0.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.63). C1 Minist Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Madani, TA (reprint author), Minist Hlth, POB 11176, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. NR 18 TC 194 Z9 202 U1 2 U2 11 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1084 EP 1092 DI 10.1086/378747 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 727TT UT WOS:000185677500012 PM 14523773 ER PT J AU Bridges, CB Kuehnert, MJ Hall, CB AF Bridges, CB Kuehnert, MJ Hall, CB TI Transmission of influenza: Implications for control in health care settings SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM-CARE; MARROW TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; RESPIRATORY VIRUS-INFECTIONS; A H3N2; NOSOCOMIAL INFLUENZA; UNITED-STATES; NURSING-HOMES; OUTBREAK; PREVENTION; EPIDEMIC AB Annual influenza epidemics in the United States result in an average of 136,000 deaths and 114,000 hospitalizations. Influenza can spread rapidly to patients and health care personnel in health care settings after influenza is introduced by visitors, staff, or patients. Influenza outbreaks in health care facilities can have potentially devastating consequences, particularly for immunocompromised persons. Although vaccination of health care personnel and patients is the primary means to prevent and control outbreaks of influenza in health care settings, antiviral influenza medications and isolation precautions are important adjuncts. Although droplet transmission is thought to be the primary mode of influenza transmission, limited evidence is available to support the relative clinical importance of contact, droplet, and droplet nuclei ( airborne) transmission of influenza. In this article, the results of studies on the modes of influenza transmission and their relevant isolation precautions are reviewed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat & Med, Rochester, NY USA. RP Bridges, CB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS A-32,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 57 TC 234 Z9 249 U1 2 U2 21 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1094 EP 1101 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 727TT UT WOS:000185677500014 PM 14523774 ER PT J CA Carter Ctr CDC TI Progress toward global eradication of dracunculiasis, January-June 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 881-883, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Emory Univ, Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CDC, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Res Training & Eradicat Dracunc, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Emory Univ, Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 15 BP 1986 EP 1987 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 732CX UT WOS:000185924200008 ER PT J AU Hyland, A Vena, C Bauer, J Li, Q Giovino, GA Yang, J Cummings, KM Mowery, P Fellows, J Pechacek, T Pederson, L AF Hyland, A Vena, C Bauer, J Li, Q Giovino, GA Yang, J Cummings, KM Mowery, P Fellows, J Pechacek, T Pederson, L TI Cigarette smoking-attributable morbidity - United States, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 842-844, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Canc Prevent Epidemiol & Biostat, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hyland, A (reprint author), Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Canc Prevent Epidemiol & Biostat, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 15 BP 1987 EP 1988 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 732CX UT WOS:000185924200009 ER PT J AU Teri, L Gibbons, LE McCurry, SM Logsdon, RG Buchner, DM Barlow, WE Kukull, WA LaCroix, AZ McCormick, W Larson, EB AF Teri, L Gibbons, LE McCurry, SM Logsdon, RG Buchner, DM Barlow, WE Kukull, WA LaCroix, AZ McCormick, W Larson, EB TI Exercise plus behavioral management in patients with Alzheimer disease - A randomized controlled trial SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED CLINICAL-TRIAL; NURSING-HOME RESIDENTS; OLDER ADULTS; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; DEMENTIA PATIENTS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; FUNCTIONAL REACH; FALLS; REHABILITATION; ASSOCIATION AB Context Exercise training for patients with Alzheimer disease combined with teaching caregivers how to manage behavioral problems may help decrease the frailty and behavioral impairment that are often prevalent in patients with Alzheimer disease. Objective To determine whether a home-based exercise program combined with caregiver training in behavioral management techniques would reduce functional dependence and delay institutionalization among patients with Alzheimer disease. Design, Setting, and Patients Randomized controlled trial of 153 community-dwelling patients meeting National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria for Alzheimer disease, conducted between June 1994 and April 1999. Interventions Patient-caregiver dyads were randomly assigned to the combined exercise and caregiver training progam, Reducing Disability in Alzheimer Disease (RDAD), or to routine medical care (RMC). The RDAD program was conducted in the patients' home over 3 months. Main Outcome Measures Physical health and function (36-item Short-Form Health Survey's [SF-36] physical functioning and physical role functioning subscales and Sickness Impact Profile's Mobility subscale), and affective status (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Cornell Depression Scale for Depression in Dementia). Results At 3 months, in comparison with the routine care patients, more patients in the RDAD group exercised at least 60 min/wk (odds ratio [OR], 2.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25-6.39; P=.01) and had fewer days of restricted activity (OR, 3.10; 95% Cl, 1.08-8.95; P<.001). Patients in the RDAD group also had improved scores for physical role functioning compared with worse scores for patients in the RMC group (mean difference, 19.29; 95% Cl, 8.75-29.83; P<.001). Patients in the RDAD group had improved Cornell Depression Scale for Depression in Dementia scores while the patients in the RMC group had worse scores (mean difference, -1.03; 95% Cl, -0.17 to -1.91; P=.02). At 2 years, the RDAD patients continued to have better physical role functioning scores than the RMC patients (mean difference, 10.89; 95% Cl, 3.62-18.16; P=.003) and showed a trend (19% vs 50%) for less institutionalization due to behavioral disturbance. For patients with higher depression scores at baseline, those in the RDAD group improved significantly more at 3 months on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (mean difference, 2.21; 95% Cl, 0.22-4.20; P=.04) and maintained that improvement at 24 months (mean difference, 2.14; 95% Cl, 0.14-4.17; P=.04). Conclusion Exercise training combined with teaching caregivers behavioral management techniques improved physical health and depression in patients with Alzheimer disease. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Psychosocial & Community Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Teri, L (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Psychosocial & Community Hlth, POB 358733, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. OI Kukull, Walter/0000-0001-8761-9014 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG10845, AG14777] NR 44 TC 355 Z9 375 U1 7 U2 53 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 15 BP 2015 EP 2022 DI 10.1001/jama.290.15.2015 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 732CX UT WOS:000185924200025 PM 14559955 ER PT J AU Newman, RD Parise, ME Steketee, RW AF Newman, RD Parise, ME Steketee, RW TI Burden of malaria during pregnancy in areas of stable and unstable transmission in Ethiopia during a nonepidemic year - Reply SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID PREVENTION; EFFICACY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Newman, RD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 8 BP 1261 EP 1262 DI 10.1086/378681 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 730VD UT WOS:000185850100026 ER PT J AU McDavid, K Tucker, TC Sloggett, A Coleman, MP AF McDavid, K Tucker, TC Sloggett, A Coleman, MP TI Cancer survival in Kentucky and health insurance coverage SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER; SOCIAL-CLASS; PROSTATE-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; PATIENT SURVIVAL; CARE; OUTCOMES; DIAGNOSIS; FINLAND AB Background: Access to health insurance influences the amount and quality of health care received, which in turn is likely to be related to survival. Few studies have systematically examined cancer survival by individual level health insurance data from a state population-based cancer registry for 4 anatomic sites. Methods: Men and women aged 18 to 99 years who were registered from 1995 to 1998 with the Kentucky Cancer Registry, Lexington, with colorectal, lung, breast, or prostate cancer were followed up through 1999. Three-year crude and relative survival proportion by 7 health insurance categories and by sex for all 4 sites were calculated. Poisson regression was used to model the risk of death (controlling for age group at diagnosis, sex, race, stage at diagnosis, and treatment) relative to expected deaths in the general population from all 4 cancers by health insurance category. Results: Among patients with prostate cancer, 3-year relative survival proportion was 98% for the privately insured and 83% for the uninsured; comparable figures were 91% and 78% for patients with breast cancer; 71% and 53% for patients with colorectal cancer; and 23% and 13% for patients with lung cancer. For all 4 cancers the uninsured ranked fifth or sixth on survival, above patients with unknown insurance type or Medicaid/welfare. Conclusion: These findings confirm purported disparities in cancer care and point toward the need to make quality care accessible to all segments of the population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, DHAP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kentucky Canc Registry, Lexington, KY USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. RP McDavid, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, DHAP, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Coleman, Michel/0000-0001-8940-3807 NR 65 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD OCT 13 PY 2003 VL 163 IS 18 BP 2135 EP 2144 DI 10.1001/archinte.163.18.2135 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 732GB UT WOS:000185931500006 PM 14557210 ER PT J CA US Army Med Command Natl Ctr Infect Dis CDC TI Severe acute pneumonitis among deployed U.S. military personnel - Southwest Asia, March-August 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 857-859, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 USA Med Command, Operat Iraqi Freedom Severe Acute Pneumonitis Epi, Falls Church, VA USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP USA Med Command, Operat Iraqi Freedom Severe Acute Pneumonitis Epi, Falls Church, VA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 8 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 14 BP 1845 EP 1846 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 729CB UT WOS:000185752600008 ER PT J AU Wennerstrom, M Baaser, S Salama, P Brennan, M Woodruff, BA Bilukha, O AF Wennerstrom, M Baaser, S Salama, P Brennan, M Woodruff, BA Bilukha, O TI Injuries associated with landmines and unexploded ordnance - Afghanistan, 1997-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 859-862, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID LAND MINES; MOZAMBIQUE C1 UN Mine Act Ctr Afghanistan, Kabul, Afghanistan. UN Childrens Fund, Kabul, Afghanistan. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wennerstrom, M (reprint author), UN Mine Act Ctr Afghanistan, Kabul, Afghanistan. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 8 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 14 BP 1846 EP 1848 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 729CB UT WOS:000185752600009 ER PT J AU Spitters, C Moran, J Kruse, D Barg, N Leslie, M Hoffmann, J Moore, M Macgregor-Skinner, G AF Spitters, C Moran, J Kruse, D Barg, N Leslie, M Hoffmann, J Moore, M Macgregor-Skinner, G TI Wound botulism among black tar heroin users - Washington, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 885-886, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Yakima Hlth Dist, Yakima, WA USA. Yakima Valley Farmworkers Clin, Yakima, WA USA. Yakima Indian Hlth Clin, Toppenish, WA USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA USA. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Spitters, C (reprint author), Yakima Hlth Dist, Yakima, WA USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 8 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 14 BP 1848 EP 1848 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 729CB UT WOS:000185752600010 ER PT J AU Narayan, KMV Boyle, JP Thompson, TJ Sorensen, SW Williamson, DF AF Narayan, KMV Boyle, JP Thompson, TJ Sorensen, SW Williamson, DF TI Lifetime risk for diabetes mellitus in the United States SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; BREAST-CANCER; US; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; MORTALITY; PERSPECTIVE; IMPACT; ADULTS; BURDEN AB Context Although diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent and costly chronic diseases in the United States, no estimates have been published of individuals' average lifetime risk of developing diabetes. Objective Toe stimate age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-specific lifetime risk. of diabetes in the cohort born in 2000 in the United States. Design, Setting, and Participants Data from the National Health Interview Survey (1984-2000) were used to estimate age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-specific prevalence and incidence in 2000. US Census Bureau data. and data from a previous study of diabetes as a cause of death were used to estimate age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity- specific mortality rates for diabetic and nondiabetic populations. Main Outcome Measures, Residual (remaining) lifetime risk of diabetes (from birth to 80, years in 1-year intervals), duration with diabetes, and life-years and quality-adjusted life-years lost from diabetes. Results the estimated lifetime risk of developing diabetes for individuals born in 2000 is 32.8% for males and 38.5% for females. Females have higher residual lifetime risks at all ages. The highest. estimated lifetime risk for diabetes is among Hispanics (males, 45.4% and females, 515%) Individuals diagnosed as having diabetes have large reductions in life expectancy. For example, we estimate that if an individual is diagnosed at age 40 years, men will lose 11.6 life-years and 18.6 quality-adjusted life-years and women will lose 14.3 life-years and 22.0 quality-adjusted life-years. Conclusions, For individuals born in the United States in 2000, the lifetime probability of being diagnosed with diabetes mellitus is substantial. Primary prevention of diabetes and its complications are important public health priorities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Narayan, KMV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MSK-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 44 TC 771 Z9 788 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 8 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 14 BP 1884 EP 1890 DI 10.1001/jama.290.14.1884 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 729CB UT WOS:000185752600029 PM 14532317 ER PT J AU Maynard, AD Zimmer, AT AF Maynard, AD Zimmer, AT TI Development and validation of a simple numerical model for estimating workplace aerosol size distribution evolution through coagulation, settling, and diffusion SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; KERNEL; RANGE AB Recent research has indicated that the toxicity of inhaled ultrafine particles may be associated with the size of discrete particles deposited in the lungs. However, it has been speculated that in some occupational settings rapid coagulation will lead to relatively low exposures to discrete ultrafine particles. Investigation of likely occupational exposures to ultrafine particles following the generation of aerosols with complex size distributions is most appropriately addressed using validated numerical models. A numerical model has been developed to estimate the size-distribution time-evolution of compact and fractal-like aerosols within workplaces resulting from coagulation, diffusional deposition, and gravitational settling. Good agreement has been shown with an analytical solution to log-normal aerosol evolution, indicating good compatibility with previously published models. Validation using experimental data shows reasonable agreement when assuming spherical particles and coalescence on coagulation. Assuming the formation of fractal-like particles within a range of diameters led to good agreement between modeled and experimental data. The model appears well suited to estimating the relationship between the size distribution of emitted well-mixed ultrafine aerosols, and the aerosol that is ultimately inhaled where diffusion loses are small. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Maynard, AD (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Maynard, Andrew/D-1076-2010; OI Maynard, Andrew/0000-0003-2117-5128 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 37 IS 10 BP 804 EP 817 DI 10.1080/02786820390223963 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 746YF UT WOS:000186775900003 ER PT J AU Mizuno, Y Purcell, DW Dawson-Rose, C Parsons, JT AF Mizuno, Y Purcell, DW Dawson-Rose, C Parsons, JT CA SUDIS Team TI Correlates of depressive symptoms among HIV-positivein jection drug users: the role of social support SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS; RISK BEHAVIOR; INFECTION; AIDS; MEN; STRESS; PREDICTORS; CLIENTS; DISEASE AB Using cross-sectional data from an ethnically diverse sample of HIV-positive injection drug users (IDUs), we sought to identify correlates of depressive symptoms. We were particularly interested in whether perceived social support was associated with depression among HIV-positive IDUs and whether social support buffered adverse effects of other correlates. Data were collected from a sample of HIV-positive IDUs recruited from a variety of venues in the New York City and San Francisco metropolitan areas in the USA. Multiple regression analysis identified four significant correlates of depressive symptoms. Perceived social support and having a regular place for HIV medical care were significantly associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms, while history of mental health problems and non-injection polydrug use were significantly associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. Moreover, a significant interaction effect was found between social support and non-injection polydrug use, indicating that social support buffers the association between non-injection polydrug use and depression. These results suggest that increasing social support might be a useful tool for HIV-positive IDUs in reducing depression and the adverse effect of non-injection polydrug use. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Mizuno, Y (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, 1600 Clifton Rd NE Mail Stop E37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU913557, U62/CCU213605] NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids/Hiv PD OCT PY 2003 VL 15 IS 5 BP 689 EP 698 DI 10.1080/09540120310001595177 PG 10 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 728XY UT WOS:000185742700009 PM 12959820 ER PT J AU Parsons, JT Halkitis, PN Wolitski, RJ Gomez, CA AF Parsons, JT Halkitis, PN Wolitski, RJ Gomez, CA CA Seropositive Urban Mens Study Team TI Correlates of sexual risk behaviors among HIV-positive men who have sex with men SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; BISEXUAL MEN; GAY MEN; SUBSTANCE USE; SEROPOSITIVE GAY; SAN-FRANCISCO; PREVENTION SERVICES; SENSATION SEEKING; ANAL INTERCOURSE; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA AB This study examines correlates of unprotected sexual risk practices of an ethnically diverse sample of HIV-seropositive men who have sex with men (MSM) from the New York City and San Francisco metropolitan areas. Participants completed a self-report survey that assessed sexual risk behaviors and potential correlates. A total of 367 men reported sex with a casual male partner in the previous 3 months. Participants were divided into three groups based on level of HIV-transmission risk with HIV negative or unknown-status partners: no unprotected anal sex (58.9%), unprotected receptive anal sex only (14.2%), and unprotected insertive anal sex (22.6%). Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that men reporting unprotected anal insertive sex perceived less responsibility to protect their partners from HIV. Men reporting no unprotected anal sex also reported less use of nitrate inhalants, lower temptation for unsafe sex, and fewer HIV-negative and unknown-status partners. Men reporting unprotected receptive anal sex were less anxious than the other two groups but also reported greater depression than those not reporting unprotected anal sex and greater loneliness than those reporting unprotected anal insertive sex. Implications for interventions with HIV-positive MSM are presented. C1 CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Psychol, New York, NY 10021 USA. NYU, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Parsons, JT (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Psychol, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008; OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168; Parsons, Jeffrey/0000-0002-6875-7566 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU213605, U62/CCU913557] NR 74 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 2 U2 8 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 15 IS 5 BP 383 EP 400 DI 10.1521/aeap.15.6.383.24043 PG 18 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 739GU UT WOS:000186337400001 PM 14626462 ER PT J AU Courtenay-Quirk, C Wolitski, RJ Hoff, C Parsons, JT AF Courtenay-Quirk, C Wolitski, RJ Hoff, C Parsons, JT CA Seropositive Urban Mens Study Team TI Interests in HIV prevention topics of HIV-seropositive men who have sex with men SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID RISK BEHAVIOR; COMBINATION THERAPIES; SENSATION SEEKING; POSITIVE SPEAKERS; AIDS EDUCATION; SAN-FRANCISCO; GAY MEN; IMPACT; PERCEPTIONS; SEROSTATUS AB As improved medical treatments have extended the lives of persons with HIV, prevention programs increasingly address these persons' ability to adopt and sustain HIV risk reduction behavior. Little is known about which HIV-seropositive persons would most likely use prevention programs or what program topics would best meet the needs of this population. A diverse sample of HIV-seropositive men who have sex with men (MSM, N = 206) rated their interest in a variety of program topics addressing physical and mental health issues. Topics specific to HIV prevention were of interest to most MSM, but the level of interest was generally lower than for other topics. Compared with White MSM, African American MSM had higher overall interest in programs addressing safer sex and programs addressing serostatus disclosure. Higher active coping was related to more interest in a broad range of program topics for HIV-seropositive men, programs addressing safer sex, and programs addressing serostatus disclosure. Risk behavior was not associated with program interests. Gaining a better understanding of interest in a variety of program topics among persons living with HIV is an important step in enhancing HIV transmission prevention programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Courtenay-Quirk, C (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008; OI Parsons, Jeffrey/0000-0002-6875-7566 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU913557, U62/CCU213605] NR 38 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 15 IS 5 BP 401 EP 412 DI 10.1521/aeap.15.6.401.24040 PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 739GU UT WOS:000186337400002 PM 14626463 ER PT J AU Buge, SL Ma, HL Amara, RR Wyatt, LS Earl, PL Villinger, F Montefiori, DC Staprans, SI Xu, Y Carter, E O'Neil, SP Herndon, JG Hill, E Moss, B Robinson, HL McNicholl, JM AF Buge, SL Ma, HL Amara, RR Wyatt, LS Earl, PL Villinger, F Montefiori, DC Staprans, SI Xu, Y Carter, E O'Neil, SP Herndon, JG Hill, E Moss, B Robinson, HL McNicholl, JM TI Gp120-alum boosting of a Gag-Pol-Env DNA/MVA AIDS vaccine: Poorer control of a pathogenic viral challenge SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RHESUS MACAQUES; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; SIV INFECTION; HIV-INFECTION; ANKARA; REPLICATION; TYPE-1; RESPONSES; CELL AB Envelope protein immunogens may improve DNA or live-vectored HIV vaccines by complementing antiviral cellular responses with Env antibodies. We tested this concept by administering two immunizations of alum-adjuvanted HIV-1 89.6 gp120 to macaques being primed at weeks 0 and 8 with SHIV 89.6 Gag-Pol-Env DNA and boosted at week 24 with SHIV-89.6 Gag-Pol-Env recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA). Three hundred micrograms of gp120 was delivered with the second DNA prime and the MVA booster. Eight months after vaccination, all animals were challenged intrarectally with the related, yet serologically distinct, SHIV-89.6P. The gp120 immunizations raised binding, but not neutralizing antibody for the challenge virus, and allowed testing of whether gp120 vaccines that fail to raise neutralizing antibody can improve protection. Following the second gp120 immunization, the plus-gp120 group showed >10 times higher levels of binding antibody than the minus-gp120 group. These levels fell and were overall similar in both groups at the time of challenge. Following the second challenge, both groups had similar temporal patterns and heights of binding and neutralizing antibodies. However, the plus-gp120 group had less consistent control of viremia and higher levels of plasma viral RNA for the first year postchallenge. Assays for complement-dependent enhancing antibody revealed a trend toward higher levels of activity in the plus-gp120 group. This trend did not reach significance in our animal groups of 8. We conclude that gp120 inoculations that fail to raise neutralizing antibody do not improve the efficacy of Gag- Pol-Env DNA/MVA vaccines. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McNicholl, JM (reprint author), CDC, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, NICD, MS A25,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P51 RR 000165]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 85343, P01 AI 43045]; NIDA NIH HHS [5P30 DA 12121] NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 19 IS 10 BP 891 EP 900 DI 10.1089/088922203322493067 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 736MT UT WOS:000186175100007 PM 14585221 ER PT J AU Chugh, SS Chung, K Zheng, ZJ John, B Titus, JL AF Chugh, SS Chung, K Zheng, ZJ John, B Titus, JL TI Cardiac pathologic findings reveal a high rate of sudden cardiac death of undetermined etiology in younger women SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MITRAL-VALVE PROLAPSE; TORSADES-DE-POINTES; LONG-QT SYNDROME; CLINICAL MANAGEMENT; MOLECULAR-BASIS; HEART-DISEASE; ARRHYTHMIAS; REGURGITATION; POPULATION; MORTALITY AB Background Between 1989 and 1998 there was a 21% increase in estimated sudden cardiac death among US women aged 35 to 44 years. In contrast, the sudden cardiac death rate in age-matched men showed a decreasing trend 14 (-2.8%). Due to under-representation of younger adults in published autopsy series, etiologies of sudden cardiac death merit further investigation. Methods We reviewed autopsy and detailed cardiac pathologic findings in younger women (age 35-44 years) from a 270-patient, 13-year (1984-1996) autopsy series of sudden cardiac death, and performed comparisons with findings in age-matched men. Results Women aged 35 to 44 years constituted 32% of all women in the series compared to men, who constituted 24% of total men (P = .004 vs women). A presumptive cause of sudden cardiac death could not be determined in 13 women (50%). Among women, 6 cases (22%) had significant coronary artery disease. Findings in others included coronary artery anomalies (n = 3), myocarditis In (n = 2), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n = 1), coronary artery dissection (n = 1) and accessory pathway (n = 1). In younger men, a presumptive cause of sudden cardiac death remained undetermined in only 24% (P = .025 vs younger women), and coronary artery disease accounted for 40% of cases. Conclusions In younger women, despite autopsy and detailed cardiac pathologic examination, an attributable cause of sudden cardiac death was not determined in 50% of cases; a 2-fold increase compared to men of the same age. Given the dynamic and multifactorial nature of sudden cardiac death, comprehensive population-based investigations are likely to be necessary to further investigate this unexpected sex-based disparity. C1 Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Cardiol, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Jesse E Edwards Registry Cardiovasc Dis, St Paul, MN USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chugh, SS (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Cardiol, UHN-62,3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk Rd, Portland, OR 97239 USA. NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 146 IS 4 BP 635 EP 639 DI 10.1016/S0002-8703(03)00323-5 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 733UN UT WOS:000186019200013 PM 14564316 ER PT J AU Cogswell, ME Parvanta, I Ickes, L Yip, R Brittenham, GM AF Cogswell, ME Parvanta, I Ickes, L Yip, R Brittenham, GM TI Iron supplementation during pregnancy, anemia, and birth weight: a randomized controlled trial SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE iron deficiency; anemia; iron supplementation; pregnancy; low birth weight; small-for-gestational age infants; preterm delivery ID FETAL GROWTH; DEFICIENCY AB Background: The need for prophylactic iron during pregnancy is uncertain. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that administration of a daily iron supplement from enrollment to 28 wk of gestation to initially iron-replete, nonanemic pregnant women would reduce the prevalence of anemia at 28 wk and increase birth weight. Design: Between June 1995 and September 1998, 513 lowincome pregnant women in Cleveland were enrolled in the study before 20 wk of gestation. Of these, 275 had a hemoglobin concentration greater than or equal to 110 g/L and a ferritin concentration greater than or equal to 20 mug/L and were randomly assigned to receive a monthly supply of capsules containing either 30 mg Fe as ferrous sulfate or placebo until 28 wk of gestation. At 2 8 and 38 wk of gestation, women with a ferritin concentration of 12 to < 20 mug/L or < 12 mug/L received 30 and 60 mg Fe/d, respectively, regardless of initial assignment. Almost all the women received some supplemental iron during pregnancy. We obtained infant birth weight and gestational age at delivery for 117 and 96 of the 146 and 129 women randomly assigned to receive iron and placebo, respectively. Results: Compared with placebo, iron supplementation from enrollment to 28 wk of gestation did not significantly affect the overall prevalence of anemia or the incidence of preterm births but led to a significantly higher mean (+/-SD) birth weight (206 +/- 565 g; P = 0.010), a significantly lower incidence of low-birth-weight infants (4% compared with 17%; P = 0.003), and a significantly lower incidence of preterm low-birth-weight infants (3% compared with 10%; P = 0.017). Conclusion: Prenatal prophylactic iron supplementation deserves further examination as a measure to improve birth weight and potentially reduce health care costs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Metrohlth Med Ctr, Supplemental Nutr Program Women & Children, Cleveland, OH USA. UNICEF, Beijing, Peoples R China. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Cogswell, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Act, MS K-25,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL52447]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU 50855] NR 26 TC 186 Z9 192 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 78 IS 4 BP 773 EP 781 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 722XQ UT WOS:000185403700016 PM 14522736 ER PT J AU Whitehead, N Lipscomb, L AF Whitehead, N Lipscomb, L TI Patterns of alcohol use before and during pregnancy and the risk of small-for-gestational-age birth SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alcohol drinking; birth weight; growth; infant; newborn; pregnancy ID INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION; MATERNAL DRINKING; PRETERM DELIVERY; BINGE DRINKING; FETAL GROWTH; WEIGHT; CONSUMPTION; SMOKING; INFANT; EXPRESSION AB Few studies have examined the effect of binge drinking on human fetal growth. The authors studied the effect of binge drinking 3 months before pregnancy and during the last 3 months of pregnancy on small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth, using data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). PRAMS is an ongoing US survey of women who recently delivered a liveborn infant. Data are collected 2-6 months after birth by using mailed, self-administered questionnaires, with telephone interviews conducted for nonresponders. This study included 50,461 women who delivered at term from 1996 to 1999. Overall, binge drinkers before pregnancy were less likely than nondrinkers to have an SGA birth, but moderate or heavy drinkers ( A drinks per week) who also binged were 2.2 times more likely to have an SGA birth. Moderate and heavy drinkers in late pregnancy were also more likely to have an SGA birth, but there were only 46 women in these categories, so estimates were imprecise. Vascular effects of alcohol or dietary differences between drinkers and nondrinkers may explain the lower risk of SGA birth among some drinkers. The relation of these areas with fetal growth needs more research. C1 CDCP, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Whitehead, N (reprint author), CDCP, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-K-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 35 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 158 IS 7 BP 654 EP 662 DI 10.1093/aje/kwg201 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 728EJ UT WOS:000185702200007 PM 14507601 ER PT J AU Robertson, HJ Sejvar, JJ AF Robertson, HJ Sejvar, JJ TI The need for a West Nile virus MRI registry SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS C1 Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Robertson, HJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY PI OAK BROOK PA 2210 MIDWEST RD, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA SN 0195-6108 J9 AM J NEURORADIOL JI Am. J. Neuroradiol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1741 EP 1742 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 733WC UT WOS:000186022800004 PM 14561595 ER PT J AU Eyler, AA Matson-Koffman, D Young, DR Wilcox, S Wilbur, J Thompson, JL Sanderson, BK Evenson, KR AF Eyler, AA Matson-Koffman, D Young, DR Wilcox, S Wilbur, J Thompson, JL Sanderson, BK Evenson, KR TI Quantitative study of correlates of physical activity in women from diverse racial/ethnic groups - Women's Cardiovascular Health Network Project - Introduction and methodology SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID WHITE WOMEN; POLICY; OLDER; URBAN AB Background: Physical activity is an important aspect of cardiovascular disease prevention. However, data show a high prevalence of physical inactivity among women and ethnic minority and low-income populations. The purpose of this introduction is to describe the Women's Cardiovascular Health Network Project and implementation of the Women and Physical Activity Survey. The goal of the survey was to identify personal, social environmental, and physical environmental factors that are associated with physical activity status among diverse groups of women. Methods: Seven universities were funded to study factors that influence physical activity among African-American, Native American, Latina, and white women residing in rural, suburban, and urban living environments. An ecologic model was used to design a quantitative questionnaire that was implemented by telephone or face-to-face interviews in seven sites across the United States. Results: The survey was completed by a total 4122 women, with group totals ranging from 300 to 1000. Results from each site are presented in individual articles in this issue. A summary of results that compare and contrast the groups is presented in an additional report. Conclusion: This study provides important information on the assessment of physical activity among women. Results can be used to help improve assessments and to develop more effective policies and interventions for unique groups of women. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Kinesiol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ S Carolina, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Exercise Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Nursing, Dept Publ Hlth Mental Hlth & Adm Nursing, Chicago, IL USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, Dept Pediat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Eyler, AA (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, 3545 Lafayette Ave, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. NR 22 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 25 IS 3 SU 1 BP 5 EP 14 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00159-4 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 729ZA UT WOS:000185803700003 PM 14499804 ER PT J AU Eyler, AA Matson-Koffman, D Young, DR Wilcox, S Wilbur, J Thompson, JL Sanderson, B Evenson, KR AF Eyler, AA Matson-Koffman, D Young, DR Wilcox, S Wilbur, J Thompson, JL Sanderson, B Evenson, KR TI Quantitative study of correlates of physical activity in women from diverse racial/ethnic groups - The Women's Cardiovascular Health Network Project - Summary and conclusions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PARTICIPATION; POLICY AB Background: Physical activity is an important aspect of cardiovascular disease prevention. However, the populations that show high risk of cardiovascular disease also have high rates of physical inactivity. The purpose of this article was to summarize findings from the Women and Physical Activity Survey, part of the Women's Cardiovascular Health Network Project. The goal of the survey was to identify personal, social environmental, cultural, and physical environmental factors that are associated with physical activity status among a diverse group of women. Methods: Seven universities were funded to study factors that influence physical activity among white, African American, Latina, and Native American women residing in rural, suburban, and urban living environments. An ecologic model and qualitative data from these population groups were used to design a quantitative questionnaire. The survey was implemented by telephone and face-to-face interviews in seven sites across the United States. Results: Younger age, good general health, and high self-efficacy were the most consistent personal correlates associated with physical activity. Knowing people who exercise and attending religious services were the only social environmental factors with significant associations across population groups. With the exception of safety from crime, no physical environmental factors were consistently related to physical activity. Most groups had intervention suggestions that included access to facilities. Conclusion: This study identifies pertinent factors related to physical activity in women and addresses the differences in assessment among the groups. Because each group may have unique characteristics, it is important to assess all levels that could influence physical activity such as personal, social, environmental, and policy. The information can then be used to tailor interventions for the various groups. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Kinesiol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ S Carolina, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Exercise Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Nursing, Dept Publ Hlth Mental Hlth & Adm Nursing, Chicago, IL USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, Dept Pediat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Eyler, AA (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, 3545 Lafayette Ave, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. NR 26 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 25 IS 3 SU 1 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00170-3 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 729ZA UT WOS:000185803700014 PM 14499815 ER PT J AU Buchner, DM AF Buchner, DM TI Physical activity to prevent or reverse disability in sedentary older adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Buchner, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 25 IS 3 SU 2 BP 214 EP 215 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00188-0 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 729ZC UT WOS:000185803900016 PM 14552947 ER PT J AU Kim, DY Ridzon, R Giles, B Mireles, T Garrity, K Hathcock, AL Crowder, D Jackson, R Taylor, Z AF Kim, DY Ridzon, R Giles, B Mireles, T Garrity, K Hathcock, AL Crowder, D Jackson, R Taylor, Z TI A no-name tuberculosis tracking system SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FOREIGN-BORN PERSONS; UNITED-STATES; RISK AB Foreign-born persons from countries where tuberculosis (TB) is endemic make up a significant percentage of poultry industry workers in Delaware, a leading poultry-producing state. Many of these workers enter the United States without documentation and assume multiple identities, making it difficult for public health staff to investigate TB contacts who work in the poultry plants. The Sussex County Health Unit of the Delaware Division of Public Health developed a no-name TB tracking system to facilitate identification and treatment of poultry plant workers with TB infection and disease in a high-risk population whose members assume one or more aliases. Completion rates for treatment of latent TB infection in this group increased from 48% to 64% 2 years after the program's implementation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Delaware Hlth & Social Serv, Sussex Cty Hlth Unit, Georgetown, DE USA. Delawre Hlth & Social Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Dover, DE USA. RP Taylor, Z (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2003 VL 93 IS 10 BP 1637 EP 1639 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.10.1637 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 731JT UT WOS:000185881100012 PM 14534214 ER PT J AU Sandhu, HS Thomas, C Nsubuga, P White, ME AF Sandhu, HS Thomas, C Nsubuga, P White, ME TI A global network for early warning and response to infectious diseases and bioterrorism: Applied epidemiology and training programs, 2001 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ANTHRAX AB In many ministries of health, applied epidemiology and training programs (AETPs) are responsible for detecting and responding to acute health events, including bioterrorism. In November 2001, we assessed the bioterrorism response capacity of 29 AETPs; 17 (59%) responded. Fifteen countries (88%) had bioterrorism response plans; in 6 (40%), AETPs took the lead in preparation and in 6 (40%) they assisted. Between September 11 and November 29, 2001, 12 AETPs (71%) responded to a total of 3024 bioterrorism-related phone calls. Six programs (35%) responded to suspected bioterrorism events. AETPs play an important role in bioterrorism surveillance and response. Support for this global network by various health agencies is beneficial for all developed and developing countries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Int Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sandhu, HS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Global Immunizat Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS e-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2003 VL 93 IS 10 BP 1640 EP 1642 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.10.1640 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 731JT UT WOS:000185881100013 PM 14534215 ER PT J AU Brown, AF Gerzoff, RB Karter, AJ Gregg, E Safford, M Waitzfelder, B Beckles, GLA Brusuelas, R Mangione, CM AF Brown, AF Gerzoff, RB Karter, AJ Gregg, E Safford, M Waitzfelder, B Beckles, GLA Brusuelas, R Mangione, CM CA TRIAD Study Grp TI Health behaviors and quality of care among Latinos with diabetes in managed care SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; BLOOD-GLUCOSE; ENGLISH-SPEAKING; COMPLICATIONS; MELLITUS; ADULTS; DISPARITIES; MINORITIES; POPULATION AB Objectives. We evaluated whether ethnicity and language are associated with diabetes care for Latinos in managed care. Methods. Using data from 4685 individuals in the Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) Study, a multicenter study of diabetes care in managed care, we constructed multivariate regression models to compare health behaviors, processes of care, and intermediate outcomes for Whites and English- and Spanish-speaking Latinos. Results. Latinos had lower rates of self-monitoring of blood glucose and worse glycemic control than did Whites, higher rates of foot self-care and dilated-eye examinations, and comparable rates of other processes and intermediate outcomes of care. Conclusions. Although self-management and quality of care are comparable for Latinos and Whites with diabetes, important ethnic disparities persist in the managed care settings studied. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Div Gen Internal Med & hlth Serv Res, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Brown, AF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Div Gen Internal Med & hlth Serv Res, 911 Broxton Plaza,Campus Box 951736, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-02-004] NR 32 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2003 VL 93 IS 10 BP 1694 EP 1698 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.10.1694 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 731JT UT WOS:000185881100022 PM 14534224 ER PT J AU Lucas, JW Barr-Anderson, DJ Kington, RS AF Lucas, JW Barr-Anderson, DJ Kington, RS TI Health status, health insurance, and health care utilization patterns of immigrant Black men SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SELF-RATED HEALTH; NEW-YORK-CITY; CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; FOLLOW-UP; BORN; MIGRATION; RACE; ASSIMILATION; RESIDENTS AB Objectives. This study sought to describe the health status, health insurance, and health care utilization patterns of the growing population of immigrant Black men. Methods. We used data from the 1997-2000 National Health Interview Survey to examine and then compare health variables of foreign-born Black men with those of US-born Black and White men. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine health outcomes. Results. Foreign-born Black men were in better overall health than their US-born Black counterparts and were much less likely than either US-born Black or White men to report adverse health behaviors. Despite these health advantages, foreign-born Black men were more likely than either US-born Black or White men to be uninsured. Conclusions. In the long term, immigrant Black men who are in poor health may be adversely affected by lack of health care coverage. C1 NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Interview Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Kington, RS (reprint author), NIH, Bldg 1,Room 126,1 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 44 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2003 VL 93 IS 10 BP 1740 EP 1747 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.10.1740 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 731JT UT WOS:000185881100029 PM 14534231 ER PT J AU Briggs, NC Levine, RS Hall, HI Cosby, O Brann, EA Hennekens, CH AF Briggs, NC Levine, RS Hall, HI Cosby, O Brann, EA Hennekens, CH TI Occupational risk factors for selected cancers among African American and White men in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SOFT-TISSUE; HODGKINS-DISEASE; ASSOCIATION; MILITARY; EXPOSURE; SERVICE; VIETNAM; CALIFORNIA; MORTALITY; SARCOMAS AB Objectives. This study examined occupational risks for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and soft-tissue sarcoma among African American and White men. Methods. Race-specific multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted using data from a large US population-based case-control study. Results. Significant occupational risks were limited to African Americans; chromium was associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (odds ratio [OR] = 3.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2, 12.9) and wood dust was associated with Hodgkin's disease (OR 4.6, 95% CI = 1.6, 13.3) and soft-tissue sarcoma (OR = 3.7, 95% Cl = 1.6, 8.6). Conclusions. Race-specific occupational risk factors for cancer were evident only among African American, men. This may reflect racial disparities in levels of exposure to occupational carcinogens. C1 Meharry Med Coll, Div Prevent Med, Dept Internal Med, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Meharry Med Coll, Div Occupat Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Med, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Mt Sinai Med Ctr, Miami Heart Inst, Miami, FL USA. RP Briggs, NC (reprint author), Meharry Med Coll, Div Prevent Med, Dept Internal Med, 1005 Dr DB Todd Jr Blvd,Box 52A, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. FU AHRQ HHS [R24 HS011640, R24 HS11640] NR 25 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2003 VL 93 IS 10 BP 1748 EP 1752 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.10.1748 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 731JT UT WOS:000185881100030 PM 14534232 ER PT J AU Reller, ME Mendoza, CE Lopez, MB Alvarez, M Hoekstra, RM Olson, CA Baier, KG Keswick, BH Luby, SP AF Reller, ME Mendoza, CE Lopez, MB Alvarez, M Hoekstra, RM Olson, CA Baier, KG Keswick, BH Luby, SP TI A randomized controlled trial of household-based flocculant-disinfectant drinking water treatment for diarrhea prevention in rural guatemala SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SOLAR DISINFECTION; SAFE STORAGE; DISEASE; STRATEGY AB We conducted a study to determine if use of a new flocculant-disinfectant home water treatment reduced diarrhea. We randomly assigned 492 rural Guatemalan households to five different water treatment groups: flocculant-disinfectant, flocculant-disinfectant plus a customized vessel, bleach, bleach plus a vessel, and control. During one year of observation, residents of control households had 4.31 episodes of diarrhea per 100 person-weeks, whereas the incidence of diarrhea was 24% lower among residents of households receiving flocculant-disinfectant, 29% lower among those receiving flocculant-disinfectant plus vessel, 25% lower among those receiving bleach, and 12% lower among households receiving bleach plus vessel. In unannounced evaluations of home drinking water, free chlorine was detected in samples from 27% of flocculant-disinfectant households, 35% of flocculant-disinfectant plus vessel households, 35% of bleach households, and 43% of bleach plus vessel households. In a setting where diarrhea was a leading cause of death, intermittent use of home water treatment with flocculant-disinfectant decreased the incidence of diarrhea. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Valle Guatemala, Med Entomol Res & Training Unit, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RP Luby, SP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 16 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 69 IS 4 BP 411 EP 419 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 741QZ UT WOS:000186469900011 PM 14640502 ER PT J AU Verastegui, M Gilman, RH Garcia, HH Gonzalez, AE Arana, Y Jeri, C Tuero, I Gavidia, CM Levine, M Tsang, VCW AF Verastegui, M Gilman, RH Garcia, HH Gonzalez, AE Arana, Y Jeri, C Tuero, I Gavidia, CM Levine, M Tsang, VCW CA Cysticercosis Working Grp Peru TI Prevalence of antibodies to unique Taenia solium oncosphere antigens in taeniasis and human and porcine cysticercosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PIGS; VACCINATION; IMMUNIZATION; OXFENDAZOLE; SAGINATA; IMMUNITY; EGGS; ECHINOCOCCUS; PROTECTION; INCUBATION AB The presence of two oncosphere antigens (OAs) of 22.5 and 31.3 kD in whole and excretory/secretory (ES) OA preparations of both Taenia solium and T saginata or in antigen preparations from T. solium metacestodes or immature tapeworms was assessed. This included an evaluation of whether antibodies to other cestodes cross-reacted to these OAS. The OAS were present in whole oncosphere extract and E/S antigens of T solium, but were not present in other stages (immature tapeworm or metacestode) or in OAS of T saginata. The majority (95%) of T solium tapeworm carriers had antibodies to these OAS, while only 20% of active neurocysticercosis cases were positive. No antibodies to the OAS were found in healthy controls, subjects infected with Hymenolepis nana, patients with hydatid disease, T saginata tapeworm carriers, hamsters infected with immature T solium tapeworms, or dogs infected with Echinococcus granulosus. The OAS are stage and species specific to T solium and antibodies to OAS are usually present in tapeworm carriers. C1 Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Inst Ciencias Neurol, Cysticerosis Unit, Lima, Peru. Asociac Benef PRISMA, Lima, Peru. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Publ Hlth Sect, Lima 14, Peru. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Immunol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gilman, RH (reprint author), Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. OI Gavidia, Cesar Miguel/0000-0003-3936-5077 FU PHS HHS [01A135894-06] NR 36 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 69 IS 4 BP 438 EP 444 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 741QZ UT WOS:000186469900014 PM 14640505 ER PT J AU Xiao, N Qiu, RM Nakao, M Nakaya, K Yamasaki, H Sako, Y Mamuti, W Schantz, PM Craig, PS Ito, A AF Xiao, N Qiu, RM Nakao, M Nakaya, K Yamasaki, H Sako, Y Mamuti, W Schantz, PM Craig, PS Ito, A TI Short report: Identification of Echinococcus species from a Yak in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Region of China SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-WESTERN CHINA; GENUS ECHINOCOCCUS; GRANULOSUS; CONFIRM; STRAINS AB The species identification of an echinococcal lesion in the liver of a yak in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau region of China, where both Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis are present, was difficult to determine because of the atypical appearance of the lesion. Polymerase chain reaction-based mitochondrial genotyping allowed us to discriminate the Echinococcus species. Nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and cytochrome b (cytb) genes amplified from the echinococcal lesion demonstrated that the yak was infected with the E. granulosus G1 genotype (sheep strain). C1 Asahikawa Med Coll, Dept Parasitol, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078, Japan. Asahikawa Med Coll, Anim Lab Med Res, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078, Japan. Sichuan Inst Parasit Dis, Chengdu, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Salford, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Biosci Res Inst, Manchester, Lancs, England. RP Xiao, N (reprint author), Asahikawa Med Coll, Dept Parasitol, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078, Japan. RI ito, akira/E-9377-2014 OI ito, akira/0000-0002-5070-9187 FU FIC NIH HHS [1R01 TW01565-01] NR 15 TC 23 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 69 IS 4 BP 445 EP 446 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 741QZ UT WOS:000186469900015 PM 14640506 ER PT J AU Agamanolis, DP Leslie, MJ Caveny, EA Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR AF Agamanolis, DP Leslie, MJ Caveny, EA Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR TI Neuropathological findings in West Nile virus encephalitis: A case report SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; PATHOLOGY; MYELITIS; FEVER AB A 67-year-old woman had fever, myalgias, progressive weakness, and respiratory insufficiency. In 9 days, flaccid areflexic quadriparesis and bulbar palsy developed. She died 26 days after the onset of her illness. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid serology were positive for West Nile virus. Neuropathological study showed changes consistent with a viral encephalomyelitis, similar to poliomyelitis. The brainstem showed neuronal loss and multiple foci of necrosis. The spinal cord showed severe loss of anterior and posterior horn neurons. Immunohistochemistry identified West Nile virus antigens in the brainstem and spinal cord. Paralysis, in West Nile virus encephalitis, is caused by destruction of motor neurons. C1 Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Coll Med, Akron, OH 44308 USA. NE Ohio Univ, Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Med Ctr, Akron, OH USA. Akron Gen Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Akron, OH USA. Akron Gen Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Akron, OH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Agamanolis, DP (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Coll Med, 1 Perkins Sq, Akron, OH 44308 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 18 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 54 IS 4 BP 547 EP 551 DI 10.1002/ana.10731 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 727QU UT WOS:000185670600024 PM 14520673 ER PT J AU Attfield, MD Kuempel, ED AF Attfield, MD Kuempel, ED TI Pneumoconiosis, coalmine dust and the PFR SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Editorial Material ID WORKERS SIMPLE PNEUMOCONIOSIS; PROGRESSIVE MASSIVE FIBROSIS; EXPOSURE; MINERS C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Attfield, MD (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 47 IS 7 BP 525 EP 529 DI 10.1093/annhyg/meg084 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 736AE UT WOS:000186147000001 PM 14530177 ER PT J AU Schier, JG Howland, MA Hoffman, RS Nelson, LS AF Schier, JG Howland, MA Hoffman, RS Nelson, LS TI Fatality from administration of Labetalol and crushed extended-release nifedipine SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Congress of European-Association-of-Poison-Centers-and-Clinical-Toxicologists CY MAY 22, 2003 CL ROME, ITALY SP European Assoc Poison Ctr & Clin Toxicologists DE controlled-release; nifedipine; crushed; sustained-release ID VERAPAMIL; DILTIAZEM AB OBJECTIVE: To report a case in which a crushed extended-release (XL) nifedipine tablet contributed to a patient fatality. CASE SUMMARY: A 38-year-old woman with multiple medical problems presented to the hospital in acute respiratory distress and was diagnosed with acute pulmonary edema and pneumonia. After initial stabilization, her medications were changed to oral hydralazine, labetalol, and nifedipine XL. These medications were crushed and administered through a nasogastric tube. The patient developed worsening bradycardia with hypotension and experienced asystolic cardiac arrest. She was resuscitated; however, the following morning, another dose of labetalol and nifedipine XL was crushed and administered through the nasogastric tube. She again developed worsening bradycardia with hypotension and ultimately died. DISCUSSION: The administration of a crushed nifedipine XL tablet resulted in the patient's severe hypotension. The concurrent administration of labetalol prevented a compensatory heart rate increase. The repeat administration of nifedipine XL in the same manner underscores a fundamental problem in healthcare worker communication and drug delivery system comprehension. Use of the Naranjo probability scale indicated a highly probable relationship between the patient's hypotension and the nifedipine and labetalol therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous administration of a beta-blocker and a calcium-channel blocker may produce synergistic effects. The release characteristics of oral controlled-release medications are destroyed when crushed, resulting in the rapid bioavailability of the total drug amount. The importance of education and communication among nurses, physicians, and pharmacists regarding the mechanism of action of control led-release medications and their administration needs to be emphasized. C1 St Johns Univ, Coll Pharm, New York, NY USA. New York City Poison Control Ctr, Med Toxicol Fellowship, New York, NY USA. NYU, New York, NY USA. RP Schier, JG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, NCEH, EHHE,HSB, MS-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. RI Schier, Joshua/F-9861-2013; OI Nelson, Lewis/0000-0001-9551-3922; Hoffman, Robert/0000-0002-0091-9573 NR 15 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 7 PU HARVEY WHITNEY BOOKS CO PI CINCINNATI PA PO BOX 42696, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 USA SN 1060-0280 J9 ANN PHARMACOTHER JI Ann. Pharmacother. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1420 EP 1423 DI 10.1345/aph.1D091 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 727PV UT WOS:000185668100010 PM 14519033 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, C Sherwood, R Gheesling, LL Brenner, FW Fields, PI AF Fitzgerald, C Sherwood, R Gheesling, LL Brenner, FW Fields, PI TI Molecular analysis of the rfb O antigen gene cluster of Salmonella enterica serogroup O : 6,14 and development of a serogroup-specific PCR assay SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GROUP-B; MANNOSE PATHWAY; UNITED-STATES; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; STRAIN; BIOSYNTHESIS; EVOLUTION; ORGANIZATION AB The Kauffmann-White scheme for serotyping Salmonella recognizes 46 somatic (0) antigen groups, which together with detection of the flagellar (H) antigens form the basis for serotype identification. Although serotyping has become an invaluable typing method for epidemiological investigations of Salmonella, it does have some practical limitations. We have been characterizing the genes required for 0 and H antigen biosynthesis with the goal of developing a DNA-based system for the determination of serotype in Salmonella. The majority of the enzymes involved in 0 antigen biosynthesis are encoded by the rfb gene cluster. We report the sequencing of the rfb region from S. enterica serotype Sundsvall (serogroup 0:6,14). The S. enterica serotype Sundsvall rfb region is 8.4 kb in length and comprises six open reading frames. When compared with other previously characterized rfb regions, the serogroup 0:6,14 sequence is most related to serogroup C, On the basis of DNA sequence similarity, we identified two genes from the mannose biosynthetic pathway, two mannosyl transferase genes, the 0 unit flippase gene and, possibly, the 0 antigen polymerase. The whole cluster is derived from a low-G+C-content organism. Comparative sequencing of an additional serogroup 0:6,14 isolate (S. enterica serotype Carrau) revealed a highly homologous sequence, suggesting that 0 antigen factors 0:24 and 0:25 (additional 0 factors associated with serogroup 0:6,14) are encoded outside the rfb gene cluster. We developed a serogroup 0:6,14-specific PCR assay based on a region of the putative wzx (0 antigen flippase) gene. This provides the basis for a sensitive and specific test for the rapid identification of Salmonella serogroup 0:6,14. C1 CDCP, Natl Salmonella Reference Lab, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fitzgerald, C (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Salmonella Reference Lab, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop CO3, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 47 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 69 IS 10 BP 6099 EP 6105 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.10.6099-6105.2003 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 731JV UT WOS:000185881300047 PM 14532067 ER PT J AU Perlman, DC Primas, R Raucher, B Lis, R Weinberg, B Davilman, A Yampierre, C Protic, M Weiss, D Ackelsberg, J Lee, L Layton, M Beatrice, ST Smith, PF Ettestad, PJ Reynolds, PJ Sewell, CM Enscore, RE Kosoy, MY Kubota, K Lowell, JL Chu, M Kool, J Gage, KL Chow, CC Smelser, CB AF Perlman, DC Primas, R Raucher, B Lis, R Weinberg, B Davilman, A Yampierre, C Protic, M Weiss, D Ackelsberg, J Lee, L Layton, M Beatrice, ST Smith, PF Ettestad, PJ Reynolds, PJ Sewell, CM Enscore, RE Kosoy, MY Kubota, K Lowell, JL Chu, M Kool, J Gage, KL Chow, CC Smelser, CB TI From the MMWR - Imported plague - New York City, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 725-728, 2003) SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Reprint C1 Beth Israel Med Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY 10013 USA. New York City Publ Hlth Lab, New York, NY USA. New York State Dept Hlth, New York, NY USA. New Mexico State Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM 87502 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Perlman, DC (reprint author), Beth Israel Med Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 139 IS 10 BP 1379 EP 1380 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 731PR UT WOS:000185896100023 ER PT J AU Williams, LO Cole, EC Lubin, IM Iglesias, NI Jordan, RL Elliott, LE AF Williams, LO Cole, EC Lubin, IM Iglesias, NI Jordan, RL Elliott, LE TI Quality assurance in human molecular genetics testing - Status and recommendations SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; LABORATORIES; PATHOLOGY AB Objective.-The role of genetic testing has expanded with rapidly developing technology and completion of the International Human Genome Project. Development of universally acceptable quality control methods and quality assurance standards trails technology. The principle that high-quality genetic testing is important for public health motivated the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to formulate ways for improving quality assurance of human molecular genetics testing. Participants.-Twenty-eight panelists were chosen based on expertise in molecular genetics testing and knowledge of quality assurance practices. Representatives of professional organizations, industries, and federal agencies participated in one or more of 3 panel meetings. Consensus recommendations were developed by the 15 panelists in the third meeting. Evidence.-Evidence was derived from experts' opinion during 3 panel meetings. Data compiled through laboratory visits and literature review were used as reference in-formation. Need for this project was derived from the Final Report of the Task Force on Genetic Testing, produced by the National Institutes of Health and the Department of Energy in 1997, and the Summary Report of the Subcommittee Meeting on Genetics of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act Advisory Committee in 1997. Consensus Process.-Research and development needs were identified using a participatory visioning approach. A modified nominal group process was used to reach consensus. Conclusions.-Five core consensus recommendations were made: research for developing positive samples for quality assurance purposes, performance evaluation programs supplementing those in existence, establishment and support of laboratory-oriented consortia, establishment of a laboratory-focused database, and support of molecular genetics training programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Dyncorp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Williams, LO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop G-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU PHS HHS [200-98-0011] NR 25 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 127 IS 10 BP 1353 EP 1358 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 728LM UT WOS:000185718700019 PM 14521456 ER PT J AU Bruce, MG Curtis, MB Payne, MM Gautom, RK Thompson, EC Bennett, AL Kobayashi, JI AF Bruce, MG Curtis, MB Payne, MM Gautom, RK Thompson, EC Bennett, AL Kobayashi, JI TI Lake-associated outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in Clark County, Washington, August 1999 SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; SWIMMING-ASSOCIATED OUTBREAK; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; BLOODY DIARRHEA; WATER; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; SURVIVAL; DISEASE; DEATH AB Context: Escherichia coli O157:H7, one of hundreds of strains of the gram-negative bacterium E coli, has been implicated in numerous lake-borne outbreaks of infection during the past decade. In August 1999, several children who later became ill with E coli O157:H7 infection reported swimming in a lake in Clark County, Washington. The lake was closed and an investigation begun. Objectives: To identify the source of the outbreak and determine risk factors for infection with E coli O157:H7. Design, Setting, and Patients: Two case-control studies were performed among residents of and visitors to Clark County in August 1999 by using community and campground-registrant control subjects. Main Outcome Measure: Risk factors for infection with E coli 0 157:H7 among Clark County residents or visitors. Results: We identified 37 case patients (including 29 primary-case patients) with a median age of 5-years (age range, 1-14 years for primary-case patients). Eight children were hospitalized, 3 with hemolytic uremic syndrome; none died. With analysis restricted to primarycase patients, illness was strongly associated with swimming in the lake (18 of 18 case patients vs I of 18 neighborhood-matched and age-matched control subjects; matched odds ratio undefined; P<.001). All primarycase patients were children younger than 15 years who swam in the lake. Illness was associated with placing the head underwater, getting lake water in the mouth, or swallowing lake water (26 of 27 case patients vs 43 of 62 control subjects; matched odds ratio= 11.5; P=.005). Cultures of lake water yielded E coli O157:H7 that matched the outbreak strain according to results of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Conclusions: To date, this is one of the largest documented outbreaks of E coli O157:H7 infection associated with unchlorinated recreational water and represents the first outbreak in which the strain was isolated from lake water. Guidelines are needed to decrease the risk of enteric illness associated with swimming in recreational lakes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arct Invest Program, Epidemiol Program Off, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. RP Bruce, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arct Invest Program, Epidemiol Program Off, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 31 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 157 IS 10 BP 1016 EP 1021 DI 10.1001/archpedi.157.10.1016 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 730DZ UT WOS:000185815100013 PM 14557164 ER PT J AU Silva, MJ Barr, DB Reidy, JA Kato, K Malek, NA Hodge, CC Hurtz, D Calafat, AM Needham, LL Brock, JW AF Silva, MJ Barr, DB Reidy, JA Kato, K Malek, NA Hodge, CC Hurtz, D Calafat, AM Needham, LL Brock, JW TI Glucuronidation patterns of common urinary and serum monoester phthalate metabolites SO ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE serum phthalates; urinary phthalates; monoethyl phthalate; monobuty phthalate; monobenzylphthalate; mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate; phthalate metabolism; phthalate glucuronidation ID QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE; EXPOSURE; DEHP AB Metabolism of most diesters of phthalic acid in humans occurs by an initial phase I biotransformation in which phthalate monoesters are formed, followed by a phase II biotransformation in which phthalate monoesters react with glucuronic acid to form their respective glucuronide conjugates. The phase II conjugation increases water solubility and facilitates urinary excretion of phthalate, and reduces the potential biological activity because the putative biologically active species is the monoester metabolite. In this study, we report percentages of glucuronidation of four common phthalate monoesters, monoethyl (mEP), monobutyl (mBP), monobenzyl (mBzP), and mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (mEHP) in a subset of urine (mEP n=262, mBP n=283, mBzP n=328, mEHP n=119) and serum (mEP n=93, mBP n=149, mEHP n=141) samples from the general US population. The percentages of free and conjugated monoester excreted in urine differed for the various phthalates. For the more lipophilic monoesters (i.e., mBP, mBzP, and mEHP), the geometric mean of free monoester excretion ranged from 6 to 16%. The contrary was true for the most hydrophilic monoester, mEP, for which about 71% was excreted in urine as its free monoester. Furthermore, percentages of free and conjugated monoesters were similar for mEP, mBP and mEHP among serum and urine samples. Serum mBzP was largely below the method limit of detection. Interestingly, the serum mEP and mBP levels were less than 3% and 47%, respectively, of their urinary levels, whereas the level of mEHP was similar both in urine and serum. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Edgewood Operat, Bel Air, MD 21015 USA. RP Silva, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 23 TC 113 Z9 123 U1 5 U2 37 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0340-5761 J9 ARCH TOXICOL JI Arch. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 77 IS 10 BP 561 EP 567 DI 10.1007/s00204-003-0486-3 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 735CD UT WOS:000186094100003 PM 14574443 ER PT J AU Cooksey, RC Limor, J Morlock, GP Crawford, J AF Cooksey, RC Limor, J Morlock, GP Crawford, J TI Identifying Mycobacterium species and strain typing using a microfluidic labchip instrument SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID RAPID IDENTIFICATION; GENE AMPLIFICATION; TUBERCULOSIS; POLYMORPHISM; PCR; ELECTROPHORESIS; DIFFERENTIATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COMPLEX AB We developed schemes for rapid identification of Mycobacterium species and strain 0;ping using a microfluidic labchip instrument. A 439-bp region of the gene that codes for the 65-kDa heat shock protein (hsp65), which has sequence polymorphisms specific for most mycobacterial species, was examined using PCR-restriction analysis (PRA). We performed PRA in duplicate, using 2 strains each of 12 species, and observed that fragment sizes (bp) determined automatically by the instrument were consistently smaller than the correct sizes for each of the species as determined by sequence analysis (mean variance, <7 bp). Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were typed with the labchip instrument using mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing, which determines the number of copies of repeated units tit 12 loci in the genome based on product size after PCR amplification. Seven strains with one to six repeat copies tit each locus were examined. Sizes were smaller by a mean of 13.47 by compared with correct sizes predicted by sequence analysis, but could be used to correctly identify all strain types. Isolates of Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium abscessus were typed using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) electrophoresis, and patterns obtained using the labchip instrument were compared with multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE) types. Patterns were distinct and reproducible for all strains except those with closely related MEE types. The labchip instrument is a versatile alternative for sizing mycobacterial DNA,fragments. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Tuberculosis Mycobacteriol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cooksey, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Tuberculosis Mycobacteriol Branch, Mail Stop F-08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD OCT PY 2003 VL 35 IS 4 BP 786 EP 794 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 731UD UT WOS:000185904100018 PM 14579744 ER PT J AU Pohl, HR Roney, N Wilbur, S Hansen, H De Rosa, CT AF Pohl, HR Roney, N Wilbur, S Hansen, H De Rosa, CT TI Six interaction profiles for simple mixtures SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Review DE chemical mixtures; risk assessment; weight-of-evidence ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; BREAST-FEEDING EXPOSURE; DICHLORODIPHENYL DICHLOROETHENE DDE; GRANULOPOIETIC STEM-CELLS; PUBLIC-HEALTH VIEWPOINT; BONE-MARROW CELLULARITY; GREAT-LAKES SALMON; HUMAN-MILK; CONCURRENT EXPOSURE; LEAD TOXICITY AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) has a program for chemical mixtures that encompasses research on chemical mixtures toxicity, health risk assessment, and development of innovative computational methods. ATSDR prepared a guidance document that instructs users on how to conduct health risk assessment on chemical mixtures (Guidance Manual for the Assessment of Joint Toxic Action of Chemical Mixtures). ATSDR also developed six interaction profiles for chemical mixtures. Two profiles were developed for persistent environmental chemicals that are often found in contaminated fish and also can be detected in human breast milk. The mixture included chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, hexachlorobenzene, dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane, methyl mercury, and polychlorinated biphenyls. Two profiles each were developed for mixtures of metals and mixtures of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) that are frequently found at hazardous waste sites. The two metal profiles dealt with (a) lead, manganese, zinc, and copper; and (b) arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and lead; the two VOCs mixtures dealt with (a) 1,1,1-trichlorobthane, 1,1-dichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene; and (b) benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTEX). Weight-of-evidence methodology was used to assess the joint toxic action for most of the mixtures. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling was used for BTEX. In most cases, a target-organ toxicity dose modification of the hazard index approach is recommended for conducting exposure-based assessments of noncancer health hazards. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Dept HHS, ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pohl, HR (reprint author), US Dept HHS, ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Mailstop E-29,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 106 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT PY 2003 VL 53 IS 2 BP 183 EP 197 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00436-3 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 715VX UT WOS:000184994300010 PM 12892681 ER PT J AU Mannino, DM Holguin, F Savage-Brown, A Greves, M Stock, A AF Mannino, DM Holguin, F Savage-Brown, A Greves, M Stock, A TI Urinary cadmium predicts lower lung function in current and former smokers: Data from the third national health and nutrition examination survey SO CHEST LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Chest-Physicians CY OCT 25-30, 2003 CL ORLAMDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Coll Chest Physicians C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD OCT PY 2003 VL 124 IS 4 SU S BP 98S EP 98S PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 734RG UT WOS:000186070400090 ER PT J AU Blanck, HM Pfeiffer, CM Caudill, SP Reyes, M Gunter, EW Imperatore, G van Assendelft, OW Strider, S Dearth, T AF Blanck, HM Pfeiffer, CM Caudill, SP Reyes, M Gunter, EW Imperatore, G van Assendelft, OW Strider, S Dearth, T TI Serum iron and iron-binding capacity: A round-robin interlaboratory comparison study SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID HEMOCHROMATOSIS C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Blanck, HM (reprint author), 770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 49 IS 10 BP 1672 EP 1675 DI 10.1373/49.10.1672 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 727FC UT WOS:000185646100016 PM 14500597 ER PT J AU Tierney, BC Martin, SW Franzke, LH Marano, N Reissman, DB Louchart, RD Goff, JA Rosenstein, NE Sever, JL McNeil, MM AF Tierney, BC Martin, SW Franzke, LH Marano, N Reissman, DB Louchart, RD Goff, JA Rosenstein, NE Sever, JL McNeil, MM TI Serious adverse events among participants in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Anthrax Vaccine and antimicrobial availability program for persons at risk for bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; DOXYCYCLINE; SAFETY AB On 20 December 2001, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) initiated the Anthrax Vaccine and Antibiotic Availability Program ( hereafter, the "Program") under an investigational new drug application with the US Food and Drug Administration. This Program provided options for additional preventive treatment for persons at risk for inhalation anthrax as a result of recent bioterrorism attacks who had concluded or were concluding a 60-day course of antimicrobial prophylaxis. Participants were offered an additional 40 days of antibiotic therapy ( with ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, or amoxicillin) or antibiotic therapy plus 3 doses of anthrax vaccine. By 11 February 2002, a total of 5420 persons had received standardized education about the Program and 1727 persons (32%) had enrolled. Twelve participants have been identified as having serious adverse events (SAEs). One SAE, which occurred in a participant with ciprofloxacin-induced allergic interstitial nephritis, was considered to be probably associated with treatment received in the Program. No SAEs were associated with anthrax vaccine. CDC will continue to monitor Program participants during the next 2 years. C1 CDCP, Epidemiol Program Off, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Anthrax Vaccine Safety Act Epidemiol & Surveillan, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Bioterrorism Preparedenss & Response Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. George Washington Univ, Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC USA. George Washington Univ, Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC USA. George Washington Univ, Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Washington, DC USA. RP Tierney, BC (reprint author), CDCP, Anthrax Vaccine Safety Team, Bacterial Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div,Natl Immunizat Progr, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 7 BP 905 EP 911 DI 10.1086/377738 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 727TR UT WOS:000185677400005 PM 13130401 ER PT J AU Kaplan, JE Hanson, DL Cohn, DL Karon, J Buskin, S Thompson, M Fleming, P Dworkin, MS AF Kaplan, JE Hanson, DL Cohn, DL Karon, J Buskin, S Thompson, M Fleming, P Dworkin, MS CA Adult Adolescent Spectrum HIV Dis TI When to begin highly active antiretroviral therapy? Evidence supporting initiation of therapy at CD4(+) lymphocyte counts < 350 cells/mu L SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; HIV-INFECTION; CELL COUNT; DISEASE PROGRESSION; VIRAL LOAD; SURVIVAL; RECOMMENDATIONS; ADHERENCE; MORTALITY; OUTCOMES AB We assessed the risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related opportunistic illness or death among persons first prescribed highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART) in January 1996 or later in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Adult and Adolescent HIV Spectrum of Disease Project. Patients were included if they were naive to antiretroviral drugs and had no history of AIDS-related opportunistic illness. Risk was assessed as a function of CD4(+) lymphocyte count and human immunodeficiency virus load at the time of initiation of HAART in a Cox proportional hazards model. Hazard ratios for AIDS or death were 6.3, 3.5, and 1.7 for persons with baseline CD4(+) cell counts of 0 - 49, 50 - 199, and 200 - 349 cells/muL, respectively, compared with the referent (CD4(+) cell count greater than or equal to500 cells/muL). HAART should not be deferred until the CD4(+) cell count reaches <200 cells/μL. The increased hazard associated with CD4(+) cell counts of 200 - 349 cells/μL was modest but supports initiation of HAART at CD4(+) cell counts <350 cells/muL, particularly in patients with high virus loads. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. AIDS Res Consortium Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA USA. Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. RP Kaplan, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Mailstop A-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 7 BP 951 EP 958 DI 10.1086/377606 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 727TR UT WOS:000185677400013 PM 13130408 ER PT J AU Komar, O Robbins, MB Klenk, K Blitvich, BJ Marlenee, NL Burkhalter, KL Gubler, DJ Gonzalvez, G Pena, CJ Peterson, AT Komar, N AF Komar, O Robbins, MB Klenk, K Blitvich, BJ Marlenee, NL Burkhalter, KL Gubler, DJ Gonzalvez, G Pena, CJ Peterson, AT Komar, N TI West Nile virus transmission in resident birds, Dominican Republic SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; INFECTION; OUTBREAK AB We report West Nile virus (WNV) activity in the Dominican Republic for the first time. Specific anti-WNV antibodies were detected in 5 (15%) of 33 resident birds sampled at one location in November 2002. One seropositive bird was <4 months old, indicating a recent infection. C1 Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Nacl Control Enfermedades Trop, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. RP Komar, O (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RI Peterson, A. Townsend/I-5697-2013 OI Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU 820510-02] NR 21 TC 70 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2003 VL 9 IS 10 BP 1299 EP 1302 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 730NC UT WOS:000185836000016 PM 14609467 ER PT J AU Weinberg, M Weeks, J Lance-Parker, S Traeger, M Wiersma, S Phan, QY Dennison, D MacDonald, P Lindsley, M Guarner, J Connolly, P Cetron, M Hajjeh, R AF Weinberg, M Weeks, J Lance-Parker, S Traeger, M Wiersma, S Phan, QY Dennison, D MacDonald, P Lindsley, M Guarner, J Connolly, P Cetron, M Hajjeh, R TI Severe histoplasmosis in travelers to Nicaragua SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSIS; ANTIGEN; OUTBREAK AB We investigated an outbreak of unexpectedly severe histoplasmosis among 14 healthy adventure travelers from the United States who visited a bat-infested cave in Nicaragua. Although histoplasmosis has rarely been reported to cause serious illness among travelers, this outbreak demonstrates that cases may be severe among travelers, even young, healthy persons. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Archibold Urgent Care Ctr, Thomasville, GA USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Highlands Cashiers Hosp, Highlands, NC USA. N Carolina Div Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Indiana Univ, Histoplasmosis Reference Lab, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. RP Weinberg, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2003 VL 9 IS 10 BP 1322 EP 1325 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 730NC UT WOS:000185836000023 PM 14609473 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MG Krebs, JW Comer, JA Sumner, JW Rushton, TC Lopez, CE Nicholson, WL Rooney, JA Lance-Parker, SE McQuiston, JH Paddock, CD Childs, JE AF Reynolds, MG Krebs, JW Comer, JA Sumner, JW Rushton, TC Lopez, CE Nicholson, WL Rooney, JA Lance-Parker, SE McQuiston, JH Paddock, CD Childs, JE TI Flying squirrel-associated typhus, United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC TYPHUS; FEVER AB In March 2002, typhus fever was diagnosed in two patients residing in West Virginia and Georgia. Both patients were hospitalized with severe febrile illnesses, and both had been recently exposed to or had physical contact with flying squirrels or flying squirrel nests. Laboratory results indicated Rickettsia prowazekii infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30338 USA. Marshall Univ, Huntington, WV USA. ID Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. W Virginia Div Publ Hlth, Charleston, WV USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Reynolds, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G13, Atlanta, GA 30338 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 14 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2003 VL 9 IS 10 BP 1341 EP 1343 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 730NC UT WOS:000185836000028 PM 14609478 ER PT J AU Castorina, R Bradman, A McKone, TE Barr, DB Harnly, ME Eskenazi, B AF Castorina, R Bradman, A McKone, TE Barr, DB Harnly, ME Eskenazi, B TI Cumulative organophosphate pesticide exposure and risk assessment among pregnant women living in an agricultural community: A case study from the CHAMACOS cohort SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE cumulative dose; exposure; mixtures; organophosphate pesticides; pregnancy; prenatal; risk; urinary metabolites; women ID 24-HOUR CREATININE CLEARANCE; CONTEMPORARY-USE PESTICIDES; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY; CELLULAR MECHANISMS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; CHLORPYRIFOS; URINE; RATS; METABOLITES AB Approximately 230,000 kg of organophosphate (OP) pesticides are applied annually in California's Salinas Valley. These activities have raised concerns about exposures to area residents. We collected three spot urine samples from pregnant women (between 1999 and 2001) enrolled in CHAMACOS (Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas), a longitudinal birth cohort study, and analyzed them for six dialkyl phosphate metabolites. We used urine from 446 pregnant women to estimate OP pesticide doses with two deterministic steady-state modeling methods: method 1, which assumed the metabolites were attributable entirely to a single diethyl or dimethyl OP pesticide; and method 2, which adapted U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) draft guidelines for cumulative risk assessment to estimate dose from a mixture of OP pesticides that share a common mechanism of toxicity. We used pesticide use reporting data for the Salinas Valley to approximate the mixture to which the women were exposed. Based on average OP pesticide dose estimates that assumed exposure to a single OP pesticide (method 1), between 0% and 36.1% of study participants' doses failed to attain a margin of exposure (MOE) of 100 relative to the U.S. EPA oral benchmark dose(10) (BMD10), depending on the assumption made about the parent compound. These BMD10 values are doses expected to produce a 10% reduction in brain cholinesterase activity compared with background response in rats. Given the participants' average cumulative OP pesticide dose estimates (method 2) and regardless of the index chemical selected, we found that 14.8% of the doses failed to attain an MOE of 100 relative to the BMD10 of the selected index. An uncertainty analysis of the pesticide mixture parameter, which is extrapolated from pesticide application data for the study area and not directly quantified for each individual, suggests that this point estimate could range from 1 to 34%. In future analyses, we will use pesticide-specific urinary metabolites, when available, to evaluate cumulative OP pesticide exposures. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, CHAMACOS, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Environm Hlth Invest Branch, Oakland, CA USA. RP Eskenazi, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, CHAMACOS, Sch Publ Hlth, 2150 Shattuck Ave,Ste 600, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01ES09605] NR 48 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 11 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 111 IS 13 BP 1640 EP 1648 DI 10.1289/ehp.5887 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 732JU UT WOS:000185940800031 PM 14527844 ER PT J AU Brevard, TA Calvert, GM Blondell, JM Mehler, LN AF Brevard, TA Calvert, GM Blondell, JM Mehler, LN TI Acute occupational disinfectant-related illness among youth, 1993-1998 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE adolescence; disinfectants; halogens; hypochlorite; incidence; occupational diseases; phenols; poisoning; risk; youth ID TOXIC EXPOSURES; UNITED-STATES; INJURIES; WORKING; TEENS; SURVEILLANCE; WORKERS; HAZARDS; SAFETY AB Working youths face many safety and health risks. Among these risks are those posed by disinfectant exposures. In this study we describe acute occupational disinfectant-related illness among youth. Data on U.S. children younger than 18 years with acute occupational disinfectant-related illnesses between 1993 and 1998 were collected from the Toxic Exposure Surveillance System and from the California Department of Pesticide Regulation. We analyzed data from persons with exposures who met the case definition for acute occupational disinfectant-related illness. The case definition required onset of new adverse health effects that were both temporally related to a disinfectant exposure and consistent with the known toxicology of the disinfectant. We calculated incidence rates of acute occupational disinfectant-related illness among youths 15-17 years old and incidence rate ratios to compare these rates with those of adults 25-44 years old. We found 307 children with disinfectant-related illnesses. The average annual incidence rate was 16.8/billion hours worked with a relative risk compared with adults of 4.14 (95% confidence interval, 3.66-4.68). Most illnesses were of mild severity (78%). There were no fatalities. Hypochlorites (e.g., bleach) were responsible for 45% of the illnesses. Among the 206 cases where the responsible disinfectant's U.S. Environmental Protection Agency toxicity category was known, 80% were in category I (highest toxicity level). These findings suggest the need for greater efforts to prevent adolescent acute occupational disinfectant-related illness. This may require strengthening regulations and enforcement as well as increased educational efforts directed at employers, youths, parents, school officials, and physicians. Better mechanisms for reporting and tracking chemical illnesses among working adolescents are also needed. C1 CDCP, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US EPA, Div Hlth Effects, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Dept Pesticide Regulat, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Calvert, GM (reprint author), CDCP, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-21, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 111 IS 13 BP 1654 EP 1659 DI 10.1289/ehp.6157 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 732JU UT WOS:000185940800033 PM 14527846 ER PT J AU Rice, C Birnbaum, LS Cogliano, J Mahaffey, K Needham, L Rogan, WJ vom Saal, FS AF Rice, C Birnbaum, LS Cogliano, J Mahaffey, K Needham, L Rogan, WJ vom Saal, FS TI Exposure assessment for endocrine disruptors: Some considerations in the design of studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE developing child; endocrine disruptors; environmental epidemiology; exposure assessment ID VITELLOGENIN GENE-EXPRESSION; TURTLE SEX DETERMINATION; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL DES; REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT; HUMAN SERUM; BINDING-PROTEINS; LEAD-EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES AB In studies designed to evaluate exposure-response relationships in children's development from conception through puberty, multiple factors that affect the generation of meaningful exposure metrics must be considered. These factors include multiple routes of exposure; the timing, frequency, and duration of exposure; need for qualitative and quantitative data; sample collection and storage protocols; and the selection and documentation of analytic methods. The methods for exposure data collection and analysis must be sufficiently robust to accommodate the a priori hypotheses to be tested, as well as hypotheses generated from the data. A number of issues that must be considered in study design are summarized here. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Environm & Ind Hyg Div, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Quantitat Risk Methods Grp, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Exposure Assessment Coordinat & Policy Div, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Substances, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Rice, C (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Environm & Ind Hyg Div, 316 Wherry Hall,POB 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM alerdilr@ucmail.uc.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Rogan, Walter/I-6034-2012 OI Rogan, Walter/0000-0002-9302-0160 NR 96 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 111 IS 13 BP 1683 EP 1690 DI 10.1289/ehp.5798 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 732JU UT WOS:000185940800038 PM 14527851 ER PT J AU Cano, MV Ponce-De-Leon, GF Tippen, S Lindsley, MD Warwick, M Hajjeh, RA AF Cano, MV Ponce-De-Leon, GF Tippen, S Lindsley, MD Warwick, M Hajjeh, RA TI Blastomycosis in Missouri: epidemiology and risk factors for endemic disease SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 17-21, 2000 CL TORONTO, CANADA AB Between 1992 and 1999, 93 cases of blastomycosis, including 25 laboratory confirmed cases, were identified in Missouri (annual incidence, 0.2/100 000 population). Mississippi County in southeastern Missouri had the highest incidence (12/100 000) with a much higher rate among blacks than whites in this county (43.2/100 000). The mortality rate, 44% was also higher among blacks. To determine risk factors for endemic blastomycosis, a case-control study was conducted among southeastern Missouri residents. Independent risk factors for blastomycosis were black race and a prior history of pneumonia. No environmental exposures or socioeconomic, factors were significantly associated with increased risk. The increased risk among blacks may possibly be related to genetic factors, but further studies are needed to clarify this. However, heightened, awareness of the disease and a better understanding of the risk factors are important and may lead to earlier diagnosis and start of treatment, possibly improving outcome. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Missouri Dept Hlth, Jefferson City, MO USA. RP Hajjeh, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, MS C-09,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 131 IS 2 BP 907 EP 914 DI 10.1017/S0950268803008987 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 739HM UT WOS:000186339100013 PM 14596532 ER PT J AU Rajeevan, MS Dimulescu, IM Vernon, SD Verma, M Unger, ER AF Rajeevan, MS Dimulescu, IM Vernon, SD Verma, M Unger, ER TI Global amplification of sense RNA: a novel method to replicate and archive mRNA for gene expression analysis SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE gene expression profiling; RNA amplification; antisense RNA; sense RNA; biomarkers ID TIME RT-PCR; CDNA LIBRARIES; CELLS; QUANTIFICATION; PROFILES; ARRAYS AB We have developed a procedure to amplify mRNA into sense RNA (sRNA) so as to create a regenerating biorepository representing the complex mRNA profile in the original sample. The procedure exploits the template-switching activity of reverse transcriptase to incorporate RNA polymerase binding sites upstream of single-stranded cDNA (ss cDNA). Limited PCR was used for double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) synthesis. sRNA was synthesized from PCR products by in vitro transcription (IVT). sRNA was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. sRNA synthesis was successful with RNA from human cell lines and tissues, yielding 2000- to 2500-fold amplification of glyceraldeyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH). The size of sRNA ranged from 3.0 to 0.1 kb. sRNA synthesis preserved the relative differences in plant mRNAs spiked at abundance ranging over 5 orders of magnitude (0.00001-0.1%). This reflects the high fidelity of sRNA synthesis for mRNA as low as 0.3 copies/cell. sRNA is amplified synthetic mRNA in the 5'-->3' direction; the appropriate template for any gene expression analysis. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CDCP, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NCI, Div Canc Prevent, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Rajeevan, MS (reprint author), CDCP, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 FU NCI NIH HHS [Y1-CN-0101-01] NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD OCT PY 2003 VL 82 IS 4 BP 491 EP 497 DI 10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00115-0 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 725NY UT WOS:000185550300008 PM 13679029 ER PT J AU Whitney, CG AF Whitney, CG TI Preventing pneumococcal disease - ACIP recommends pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine for all adults age >= 65 SO GERIATRICS LA English DT Article DE pneumococcal disease; Streptococcus pneumonlae; bacteremia; standing orders; pneumonia ID CONJUGATE VACCINE; OLDER-ADULTS; REVACCINATION AB Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia and bacterial meningitis in older adults. Current recommendations from CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices suggest providing pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine to all adults age 65 and older and to persons age 2 to 64 with chronic illnesses that place them at higher risk for pneumococcal disease. In addition, vaccination status should be assessed for residents of nursing homes and long-term care facilities on admission and vaccine administered as needed. Although the polysaccharide vaccine is safe, effective against invasive disease, and cost-effective, many older adults have not yet received the vaccine. Use of standing orders is encouraged as a way to improve vaccine delivery. Research into new vaccines to prevent pneumococcal disease in older adults is ongoing. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Sect, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Whitney, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Sect, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS PI DULUTH PA 131 W FIRST ST, DULUTH, MN 55802 USA SN 0016-867X J9 GERIATRICS JI Geriatrics PD OCT PY 2003 VL 58 IS 10 BP 20 EP + PG 4 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 732HM UT WOS:000185934800005 PM 14569639 ER PT J AU Long, J AF Long, J TI What the centers for disease control and prevention is doing to protect the health of older adults SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2003 VL 43 SI 1 BP 36 EP 36 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 734VF UT WOS:000186078100095 ER PT J AU Castro, C King, A Bacak, S Housemann, R Gardiner, K Brownson, R AF Castro, C King, A Bacak, S Housemann, R Gardiner, K Brownson, R TI Rural caregivers and health behaviors: Results from an epidemiological survey SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Stanford Ctr Res Dis Prevent, Palo Alto, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2003 VL 43 SI 1 BP 48 EP 48 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 734VF UT WOS:000186078100131 ER PT J AU Spirduso, W Chodzko-Zajko, W Senior, J Buchner, D Dowdy, D AF Spirduso, W Chodzko-Zajko, W Senior, J Buchner, D Dowdy, D TI National Blueprint on increasing physical activity among adults aged 50 and older SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Dept Kinesiol & Hlth Educ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Kinesiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Amer Coll Sports Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Act Life, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2003 VL 43 SI 1 BP 362 EP 362 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 734VF UT WOS:000186078100990 ER PT J AU Jolly, D Gibbs, D Napp, D Westover, B Uhl, G AF Jolly, D Gibbs, D Napp, D Westover, B Uhl, G TI Technical assistance for the evaluation of community-based HIV prevention programs SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE evaluation; technical assistance; HIV/AIDS prevention; community-based organizations ID ORGANIZATIONS AB Funding agencies are using technical assistance (TA) to strengthen the evaluation capacity of community-based organizations (CBOs) engaged in HIV prevention efforts. The authors used qualitative methods to identify the types of evaluation TA needed by CBOs, to understand CBOs' past experiences with evaluation TA, and to elicit ideas for optimal delivery of evaluation TA. Assistance in developing evaluation tools and data analysis were the most commonly cited needs. Preferred TA providers were characterized as having practical expertise, accessibility, cultural competence, communication skills, and collaboration skills. Critical elements of an ideal TA system were adequate funding, program-specific TA, and extensive interaction between TA providers and CBO staff. Study data were used to generate a set of recommendations for health educators and others who may provide CBOs with TA for evaluating prevention programs. C1 N Carolina Cent Univ, Dept Hlth Educ, Durham, NC USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Pract Applicat Publ Hlth, Durham, NC USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jolly, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Off Commun, Mail Stop E-07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU PHS HHS [200-96-0511] NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 30 IS 5 BP 550 EP 563 DI 10.1177/1090198103254346 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 726UP UT WOS:000185619600002 PM 14582597 ER PT J AU Miller, RL Bedney, BJ Guenther-Grey, C AF Miller, RL Bedney, BJ Guenther-Grey, C CA CITY Project Study Team TI Assessing organizational capacity to deliver HIV prevention services collaboratively: Tales from the field SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE organizational capacity building; HIV prevention; collaboration; organizational assessment ID RESEARCH PARTNERSHIPS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; PROGRAM; SUSTAINABILITY; INTERVENTIONS; COMMUNITIES; EMPOWERMENT; IMPROVE AB Collaborative efforts between university researchers and community entities such as citizen coalitions and community-based organizations to provide health prevention programs are widespread. The authors describe their attempt to develop and implement a method for assessing whether community organizations had the organizational capacity to collaborate in a national study to prevent HIV infection among young men who have sex with men and what, if any, needs these institutions had for organizational capacity development assistance. The Feasibility, Evaluation Ability, and Sustainability Assessment (FEASA) combines, qualitative methods for collecting data (interviews, organizational records, observations) from multiple sources to document an organization's capacity to provide HIV prevention services and its capacity-development needs. The authors describe experiences piloting FEASA in 13 communities and the benefits of using a systematic approach to partnership development. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Psychol MC285, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Miller, RL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Psychol MC285, 1007 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU513631] NR 47 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 30 IS 5 BP 582 EP 600 DI 10.1177/1090198103255327 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 726UP UT WOS:000185619600004 PM 14582599 ER PT J AU Kamal, SM Tatsarouni, N Rasenack, J He, Q Graham, C Ismail, A Al Tawil, A Massoud, M Koziel, MJ AF Kamal, SM Tatsarouni, N Rasenack, J He, Q Graham, C Ismail, A Al Tawil, A Massoud, M Koziel, MJ TI Intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C virus in patients with acute hepatitis C: Correlation with virological and immunological parameters. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 54th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Disease CY OCT 24-28, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Diseases C1 Harvard Univ, Inst Med, Boston, MA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Freiburg, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Ain Shams Univ, Cairo, Egypt. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2003 VL 38 IS 4 SU 1 MA 59 BP 183A EP 183A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 730ER UT WOS:000185816700060 ER PT J AU Terrault, NA Busch, M Murphy, E Tong, M Dvorkin, J Alter, MJ AF Terrault, NA Busch, M Murphy, E Tong, M Dvorkin, J Alter, MJ TI Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus in heterosexual monogamous couples - The HCV partners study. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 54th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Disease CY OCT 24-28, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Diseases C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Blood Ctrs Pacific, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2003 VL 38 IS 4 SU 1 MA 58 BP 183A EP 183A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 730ER UT WOS:000185816700059 ER PT J AU Krawczynski, K Kamili, S Locarnini, SA Spelbring, JE Carson, DA AF Krawczynski, K Kamili, S Locarnini, SA Spelbring, JE Carson, DA TI Experimental infectivity studies of genetically engineered monoclonal hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase gene mutants in chimpanzees. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 54th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Disease CY OCT 24-28, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Diseases C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Victorian Infect Dis Reference Lab, Fairfield, Vic, Australia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2003 VL 38 IS 4 SU 1 MA 199 BP 251A EP 251A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 730ER UT WOS:000185816700200 ER PT J AU Hurlburt, K McMahon, B Simonetti, J Bulkow, L Snowball, M Margolis, H Williams, J AF Hurlburt, K McMahon, B Simonetti, J Bulkow, L Snowball, M Margolis, H Williams, J TI Hepatitis B associated vasculitis in Alaska Natives: Viral genotype, clinical and serologic outcome and incidence of new cases over time after initiation of hepatitis B vaccination program. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 54th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Disease CY OCT 24-28, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Diseases C1 Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arct Investigat Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2003 VL 38 IS 4 SU 1 MA 201 BP 252A EP 253A PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 730ER UT WOS:000185816700202 ER PT J AU Livingston, S Simonetti, J McMahon, B Bulkow, L Hurlburt, K Homan, C Snowball, M Chulanov, V Nainan, O Margolis, H Williams, J AF Livingston, S Simonetti, J McMahon, B Bulkow, L Hurlburt, K Homan, C Snowball, M Chulanov, V Nainan, O Margolis, H Williams, J TI Hepatitis B virus genotypes in Alaska Natives with hepatocellular carcinoma: Preponderance of genotype F. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 54th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Disease CY OCT 24-28, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Diseases C1 Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arct Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2003 VL 38 IS 4 SU 1 MA 202 BP 253A EP 253A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 730ER UT WOS:000185816700203 ER PT J AU Livingston, S Deubner, H McMahon, B Bruden, D Hennessy, T Sullivan, D Gretch, D Homan, C Simonetti, J Cagle, H Williams, J AF Livingston, S Deubner, H McMahon, B Bruden, D Hennessy, T Sullivan, D Gretch, D Homan, C Simonetti, J Cagle, H Williams, J TI Steatosis and hepatitis C in a Native American population. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 54th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Disease CY OCT 24-28, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Diseases C1 Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2003 VL 38 IS 4 SU 1 MA 390 BP 348A EP 348A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 730ER UT WOS:000185816700391 ER PT J AU Bruce, M Bruden, D McMahon, B Christensen, C Homan, C Sullivan, D Dubner, H Hennessy, T Williams, J Gretch, D AF Bruce, M Bruden, D McMahon, B Christensen, C Homan, C Sullivan, D Dubner, H Hennessy, T Williams, J Gretch, D TI Clinical and demographic features of hepatitis C-infected Alaska natives with persistently normal, persistantly elevated or fluxuating alanine transaminase levels. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 54th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Disease CY OCT 24-28, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Diseases C1 Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Investigat Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2003 VL 38 IS 4 SU 1 MA 402 BP 354A EP 354A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 730ER UT WOS:000185816700403 ER PT J AU Krawczynski, K Alter, MJ Robertson, BH Lu, L Spelbring, JE McCaustland, KA AF Krawczynski, K Alter, MJ Robertson, BH Lu, L Spelbring, JE McCaustland, KA TI Environmental stability of hepatitis C virus (HCV): Viability of dried/stored HCV in chimpanzee infectivity studies. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 54th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Disease CY OCT 24-28, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Diseases C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2003 VL 38 IS 4 SU 1 MA 556 BP 428A EP 428A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 730ER UT WOS:000185816700560 ER PT J AU Bruden, D Hennessy, T Christensen, C Sullivan, D Homan, C Dubner, H Bruce, M Livingston, S Williams, J Gretch, D McMahon, B AF Bruden, D Hennessy, T Christensen, C Sullivan, D Homan, C Dubner, H Bruce, M Livingston, S Williams, J Gretch, D McMahon, B TI Prevalence estimates and risk factors for hepatitis C virus RNA positivity in a large population-based cohort. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 54th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Disease CY OCT 24-28, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Diseases C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Alaska Nat Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2003 VL 38 IS 4 SU 1 MA 558 BP 429A EP 429A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 730ER UT WOS:000185816700562 ER PT J AU Christensen, C Livingston, S Homan, C Dubner, H Bruden, D Dunaway, E Smith, K Do, J Oh, E McMahon, B AF Christensen, C Livingston, S Homan, C Dubner, H Bruden, D Dunaway, E Smith, K Do, J Oh, E McMahon, B TI Retrospective study correlating the prometheus liver fibrosis panel with findings of fibrosis on percutaneous liver biopsy specimens in Alaska natives with hepatitis C. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 54th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Disease CY OCT 24-28, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Diseases C1 Alaska Nat Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Prometheus Labs Inc, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2003 VL 38 IS 4 SU 1 MA 587 BP 444A EP 445A PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 730ER UT WOS:000185816700591 ER PT J AU Bell, BP Sofair, AN Manos, MM Zaman, A Thomas, A Murphy, RC Leyden, WA St Louis, TE Durante, A Hulten, N Tacariello, M Wurtzel, HL Bower, W Navarro, VJ Terrault, N AF Bell, BP Sofair, AN Manos, MM Zaman, A Thomas, A Murphy, RC Leyden, WA St Louis, TE Durante, A Hulten, N Tacariello, M Wurtzel, HL Bower, W Navarro, VJ Terrault, N TI Newly-diagnosed hepatitis C and alcohol use: Findings of population-based sentinel surveillance in the United States. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 54th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Disease CY OCT 24-28, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Diseases C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Permanente Med Grp Inc, Oakland, CA USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Oregon Emerging Infect Program, Portland, OR USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2003 VL 38 IS 4 SU 1 MA 599 BP 450A EP 450A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 730ER UT WOS:000185816700603 ER PT J AU McMahon, B Livingston, S Simonetti, J Snowball, M Bulkow, L Homan, C Hurlburt, K Williams, J AF McMahon, B Livingston, S Simonetti, J Snowball, M Bulkow, L Homan, C Hurlburt, K Williams, J TI A prospective study of abnormal serum aminotransferase levels in a population-based cohort of 1057 persons chronically infected with hepatitis B virus. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 54th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Disease CY OCT 24-28, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Diseases C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Aaska Native Hlth Consortium, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2003 VL 38 IS 4 SU 1 MA 937 BP 608A EP 609A PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 730ER UT WOS:000185816700937 ER PT J AU Navarro, VJ St Louis, T Bell, BZ Sofair, AN AF Navarro, VJ St Louis, T Bell, BZ Sofair, AN TI Chronic liver disease in the primary care practices of Waterbury, Connecticut SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ, Jefferson Med Coll, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Navarro, VJ (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ, Jefferson Med Coll, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU 111188-08] NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2003 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1062 EP 1062 DI 10.1053/jhep.2003.50429 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 730EP UT WOS:000185816500035 PM 14512898 ER PT J AU Manolio, TA Barnes, KC Beaty, TH Levett, PN Naidu, RP Wilson, AF AF Manolio, TA Barnes, KC Beaty, TH Levett, PN Naidu, RP Wilson, AF TI Sex differences in heritability of sensitization to Blomia tropicalis in asthma using regression of offspring on midparent (ROMP) methods SO HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL SERUM IGE; SKIN-TEST REACTIVITY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-E; DERMATOPHAGOIDES-PTERONYSSINUS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; MATERNAL INHERITANCE; FAMILIAL RESEMBLANCE; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; FOUNDER POPULATION; WHITE INDIVIDUALS AB A genetic basis for asthma- and atopy-related quantitative traits, such as allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, has been suggested by the observed familial aggregation of these traits in temperate climates. Less information is available for tropical climates, where different allergens may predominate. Sensitivity to the mite Blomia tropicalis is related to asthma in tropical climates, but heritability of B. tropicalis sensitivity and the impact of age, sex, and other environmental covariates on heritability have not been widely explored. Total and specific IgE levels were measured by immunochemiluminescent assay in 481 members of 29 Barbadian families (comprised of 340 parent-offspring trios or pairs) ascertained through two asthmatic siblings. Trait heritability was estimated using regression of offspring on mid-parent (ROMP) and pairwise correlation analysis of unadjusted IgE levels and on residual values after adjustment for covariates. Heritability of IgE levels to the major antigen of B. tropicalis (Blo t M) estimated by ROMP in 180 complete parent-offspring trios was 0.56. Heritability was consistently greater for male offspring than for female offspring. Similar sex-specific patterns were observed for specific IgE to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and total IgE levels and were relatively unaffected by adjustment for covariates. Pairwise correlational analyses of specific and total IgE levels showed similar results. Moderate heritability of Blo t M IgE levels was detected in these Barbadian families and was greater for sons than daughters. Adjustment for covariates had minimal impact. This suggests that future investigations of genetic determinants of IgE levels should include approaches that allow for potential sex differences in their expression. C1 NHLBI, Div Epidemiol & Clin Applicat, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ W Indies, Sch Clin Med & Res, Bridgetown, Barbados. NHGRI, Inherited Dis Res Branch, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Manolio, TA (reprint author), NHLBI, Div Epidemiol & Clin Applicat, 6701 Rockledge Dr,Rm 8160, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Wilson, Alexander/C-2320-2009 FU NCRR NIH HHS [1 P41 RR03655]; NIAID NIH HHS [1 R01 AI20059] NR 64 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0340-6717 J9 HUM GENET JI Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 113 IS 5 BP 437 EP 446 DI 10.1007/s00439-003-1005-6 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 721YU UT WOS:000185346700010 PM 12928863 ER PT J AU Beltrami, EM Cheingsong, R Heneine, WM Respess, RA Orelien, JG Mendelson, MH Stewart, MA Koll, BS Sulis, CA Cardo, DM AF Beltrami, EM Cheingsong, R Heneine, WM Respess, RA Orelien, JG Mendelson, MH Stewart, MA Koll, BS Sulis, CA Cardo, DM CA Occupational HIV Exposure Study TI Antiretroviral drug resistance inhuman immunodeficiency virus-infected source patients for occupational exposures to healthcare workers SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; VIRAL LOAD; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; RISK-FACTORS; HIV-1; TYPE-1; ZIDOVUDINE; MUTATIONS; THERAPY; RNA AB OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of HIV antiretroviral resistance among source patients for occupational HIV exposures. DESIGN: Blood and data (eg, stage of HIV, previous antiretroviral drug therapy, and HIV RNA viral load) were collected from HIV-infected patients who were source patients for occupational exposures. SETTING: Seven tertiary-care medical centers in five U.S. cities (San Diego, California; Miami, Florida; Boston, Massachusetts; Albany, New York; and New York, New York [three sites]) during 1998 to 1999. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-four HIV-infected patients who were source patients for occupational exposures. RESULTS: Virus from 50 patients was sequenced; virus from 14 patients with an undetectable (ie, < 400 RNA copies/mL) viral load could not be sequenced. Overall, 19 (38%) of the 50 patients had primary genotypic mutations associated with resistance to reverse transcriptase or protease inhibitors. Eighteen of the 19 viruses with primary mutations and 13 wild type viruses were phenotyped by recombinant assays; 19 had phenotypic resistance to at least one antiretroviral agent. Of the 50 source patients studied, 26 had taken antiretroviral agents in the 3 months before the occupational exposure incident. Sixteen (62%) of the 26 drug-treated patients had virus that was phenotypically resistant to at least one drug. Four (17%) of 23 untreated patients had phenotypically resistant virus. No episodes of HIV transmission were observed among the exposed HCWs. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high prevalence of drug-resistant HIV among source patients for occupational HIV exposures. Healthcare providers should use the drug treatment information of source patients when making decisions about postexposure prophylaxis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Analyt Sci Inc, Durham, NC USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Boston Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. RP Cardo, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-68, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 24 IS 10 BP 724 EP 730 DI 10.1086/502120 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 734ZD UT WOS:000186087100004 PM 14587931 ER PT J AU Sands, KE Yokoe, DS Hooper, DC Tully, JL Horan, TC Gaynes, RP Solomon, SL Platt, R AF Sands, KE Yokoe, DS Hooper, DC Tully, JL Horan, TC Gaynes, RP Solomon, SL Platt, R TI Detection of postoperative surgical-site infections: Comparison of health plan-based surveillance with hospital-based programs SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WOUND INFECTIONS; NOSOCOMIAL-INFECTIONS; DISCHARGE; IMPACT; RATES AB BACKGROUND: Review of health plan administrative data has been shown to be more sensitive than other methods for identifying postdischarge surgical-site infections (SSIs), but there has not been a direct comparison between this method and hospital-based surveillance for all infections, including those diagnosed before discharge. We compared these two methods for identifying SSIs following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedures. METHODS: We studied 1,352 CABG procedures performed among members of one health plan from March 1993 through June 1997. Health plan administrative records were reviewed based on claims containing diagnoses or procedures suggestive of infection or outpatient dispensing of antibiotics appropriate for SSI. Hospital-based surveillance information was also reviewed. SSI rates were calculated based on the total events identified by either mechanism. RESULTS: Postdischarge information was reviewed for 328 (85%) of 388 procedures. SSIs were confirmed in 167 patients (13% overall risk of confirmed SSI; range, 3% to 14% in the 5 hospitals). The overall sensitivity of hospital-based surveillance was 49.7% (83 of 167), and that of health plan data was 71.8% (120 of 167). There was no significant difference among hospitals in the sensitivity of either surveillance mechanism. CONCLUSIONS: Surveillance based on health plan data identified more postoperative infections, including those occurring before discharge, than did hospital-based surveillance. Screening administrative data and pharmacy activity may be an important adjunct to SSI surveillance, allowing efficient comparison of hospital-specific rates. Interpretation of differences among hospitals' infection rates requires case mix adjustment and understanding of variations in hospitals' discharge diagnosis coding practices. C1 Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Eastern Massachusetts Prevent Epictr, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Mt Auburn Hosp, Cambridge, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Med Associates, Boston, MA USA. RP Sands, KE (reprint author), Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR8/CCU115079] NR 18 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 24 IS 10 BP 741 EP 743 DI 10.1086/502123 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 734ZD UT WOS:000186087100007 PM 14587934 ER PT J AU Nolte, KB Yoon, SS AF Nolte, KB Yoon, SS TI Theoretical risk for occupational blood-borne infections in forensic pathologists SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; GLOVES AB Using a cumulative probability analysis and published data, we calculated the theoretical career risk of occupational HIV (2.4%) and HCV (39%; possible range, 13% to 94%) infections for forensic pathologists. Serologic studies of these physicians are needed to clarify occupational exposure and infection risks. Autopsy personnel should wear cut-resistant undergloves to decrease percutaneous injuries. C1 CDCP, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Epidemiol Program Off, Med Examiner Coroner Informat Sharing Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nolte, KB (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Off Med Investigator, Sch Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 24 IS 10 BP 772 EP 773 DI 10.1086/502131 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 734ZD UT WOS:000186087100015 PM 14587942 ER PT J AU Armstrong, GL AF Armstrong, GL TI Commentary: Modelling the epidemiology of hepatitis C and its complications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Australia; drug abuse; epidemiology; hepatitis C; models ID UNITED-STATES; VIRUS-INFECTION; FUTURE; HISTORY; FRANCE; JAPAN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Armstrong, GL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Mailstop G-37,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 32 IS 5 BP 725 EP 726 DI 10.1093/ije/dyg266 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 735ZY UT WOS:000186146300012 PM 14559739 ER PT J AU Caceres, CF Stall, R AF Caceres, CF Stall, R TI Commentary: The human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS epidemic among men who have sex with men in Latin America and the Caribbean: It is time to bridge the gap SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE HIV-1; MSM; epidemiology; risk factors; Argentina ID HIV C1 Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Sch Publ Hlth, Lima, Peru. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent IRS, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Caceres, CF (reprint author), Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Sch Publ Hlth, Av Armendariz 445, Lima, Peru. OI Caceres, Carlos/0000-0002-8101-0790 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 32 IS 5 BP 740 EP 743 DI 10.1093/ije/dyg214 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 735ZY UT WOS:000186146300015 PM 14559742 ER PT J AU Vernon, AA McNabb, MS AF Vernon, AA McNabb, MS TI Commentary: Can capture-recapture analysis of epidemiological and molecular data help us understand recent tuberculosis transmission? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID LOW COPY NUMBERS; SAN-FRANCISCO; POPULATION; INFECTION; PATTERNS; IS6110; STATE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vernon, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 32 IS 5 BP 770 EP 771 DI 10.1093/ije/dyg280 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 735ZY UT WOS:000186146300020 PM 14559747 ER PT J AU Lago, PM Gary, HE Perez, LS Caceres, V Olivera, JB Puentes, RP Corredor, MB Jimenez, P Pallansch, MA Cruz, RG AF Lago, PM Gary, HE Perez, LS Caceres, V Olivera, JB Puentes, RP Corredor, MB Jimenez, P Pallansch, MA Cruz, RG TI Poliovirus detection in wastewater and stools following an immunization campaign in Havana, Cuba SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polio; environmental surveillance; wastewater; OPV ID SEWAGE; VACCINATION; POLIOMYELITIS; SURVEILLANCE; SEQUENCES; VIRUS; PCR AB Background Recent outbreaks of poliomyelitis caused by vaccine-derived virus have raised concerns that vaccine-derived poliovirus may continue to circulate after eradication. In these outbreaks, the virus appears to have replicated for greater than or equal to2 years before detection. Early detection is critical for an effective response to these outbreaks. Although acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance will remain the standard for poliovirus detection, wastewater sampling could be a useful supplement. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity of wastewater sampling by concurrently collecting stools from children aged <3 years attending two neighbourhood clinics in Havana, Cuba, and wastewater from the same neighbourhoods. Methods Sample collection was begun during the third week after the national immunization campaign, continued weekly through the seventh week, and was repeated during weeks 15 and 19. Virus detection and titration were performed using both cell culture and polymerase chain reaction techniques. Results Wastewater sampling was found to be at least as sensitive as stool sampling under these conditions. Poliovirus was isolated from children through week 7, suggesting that viral shedding reached undetectable levels between weeks 8 and 14. The last virus-positive wastewater sample was collected during week 15. Conclusions Wastewater sampling under the conditions studied can be a sensitive supplement to AFP surveillance. Similar studies under different conditions are needed to determine the role of wastewater sampling in post-eradication surveillance. C1 Inst Med Trop Pedro Kouri, Havana, Cuba. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ministerio Salud Publ, Havana, Cuba. RP Lago, PM (reprint author), Inst Med Trop Pedro Kouri, Km 6,Entre Autopista Nacl & Carretera Cent, Havana, Cuba. EM pmasl@ipk.sld.cu NR 22 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 EI 1464-3685 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 32 IS 5 BP 772 EP 777 DI 10.1093/ije/dyg185 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 735ZY UT WOS:000186146300021 ER PT J AU Anderson, JE Santelli, J Mugalla, C AF Anderson, JE Santelli, J Mugalla, C TI Changes in HIV-related preventive behavior in the US population - Data from national surveys, 1987-2002 SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV prevention; condom use; HIV testing; survey research ID CONDOM USE; UNITED-STATES; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; RISK; TRENDS AB This study estimated 1987-2002 trends in preventive behaviors closely linked to HIV from several large health surveys providing the most recently available data. These behaviors include condom use, dual use of condoms with other contraceptive methods, and HIV testing. Condom use increased throughout the period for adolescents. but there is no evidence of overall increased condom use for adults after the mid-1990s. After 2000, adult condom use with primary partners was low even among those at highest risk. Dual use of condoms with other contraceptive methods was reported by a small and increasing percentage of adolescents and adults. By 2001 a high percentage of US adults reported having been tested at least once, and reproductive-age and pregnant women were tested at a greater rate than others. However, I in 4 pregnant women had never been tested for HIV. This review indicates that even after considerable increase in preventive behaviors, it is still possible to identify a relatively large segment of the population that is at risk for transmitting or acquiring HIV. Prevention programs serving high-risk populations need to work toward increasing safe sex practices with main partners and HIV testing among the never-tested, particularly reproductive-age women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Anderson, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Mailstop E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 34 IS 2 BP 195 EP 202 DI 10.1097/00126334-200310010-00010 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 732YK UT WOS:000185973000010 PM 14526209 ER PT J AU Lee, LM Fleming, PL AF Lee, LM Fleming, PL TI Estimated number of children left motherless by AIDS in the United States, 1978-1998 SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; orphans; women; children; demographic estimation ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NATIONAL DEATH INDEX; ZIDOVUDINE TREATMENT; HIV-1 INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; COMPLETENESS; SURVEILLANCE; FERTILITY; INFANT; TRENDS AB When a mother dies of AIDS, basic needs of her children may be left unmet. To estimate the number and characteristics of maternal AIDS orphans in the United States, demographic techniques were applied to data from several sources. From the national HIV/AIDS surveillance system, reporting delays were adjusted for the number of deaths among women aged 15-44 diagnosed with AIDS through 1998 and reported as deceased by December 1999. No fertility was assumed in the year preceding death. To the adjusted number of deaths the annual age- and race-specific cumulative fertility and infant mortality rates from national vital statistics were applied. A perinatal infection rate of 25% was assumed among children born through 1994, and 10% among children born after 1994. Through 1998, 5 1 473 women died leaving 97,376 children motherless. Of the estimated 76,661-87,0018 uninfected children, 83% were younger than 21 years when orphaned. After increasing each year, the annual number of orphaned children younger than 21 years peaked in 1995. In 1998, between 4252-4489 uninfected youth were added to 47,863-54,025 existing orphans younger than age 21. Due to declines in AIDS deaths, the annual number of children orphaned by AIDS has declined. Nevertheless, each year thousands of youth are orphaned. C1 CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lee, LM (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, MS E-47,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 34 IS 2 BP 231 EP 236 DI 10.1097/00126334-200310010-00014 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 732YK UT WOS:000185973000014 PM 14526213 ER PT J AU Cowie, CC Rust, KF Byrd-Holt, D Eberhardt, MS Saydah, S Geiss, LS Engelgau, MM Ford, ES Gregg, EW AF Cowie, CC Rust, KF Byrd-Holt, D Eberhardt, MS Saydah, S Geiss, LS Engelgau, MM Ford, ES Gregg, EW CA CDC TI Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in Adults, United states, 1999-2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 833-837, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NIDDKD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. Social & Sci Syst Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cowie, CC (reprint author), NIDDKD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 1 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 13 BP 1702 EP 1703 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 726NQ UT WOS:000185606100006 ER PT J AU Manopaiboon, C Kilmarx, PH van Griensven, F Chaikummao, S Jeeyapant, S Limpakarnjanarat, K Uthaiworavit, W AF Manopaiboon, C Kilmarx, PH van Griensven, F Chaikummao, S Jeeyapant, S Limpakarnjanarat, K Uthaiworavit, W TI High rates of pregnancy among vocational school students: results of audio computer-assisted self-interview survey in Chiang Rai, Thailand SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; contraceptive use; risk factors; abortion; adolescents; Thailand ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HIV-1 SEROPREVALENCE; NORTHERN THAILAND; RISK-FACTORS; BEHAVIOR; WOMEN; PREVENTION; ABORTION; ADOLESCENTS; PROVINCE AB Unplanned pregnancy among young people can lead to adverse social, psychological, and health outcomes, particularly when it results in abortion. In 1999, we examined the prevalence of and factors associated with pregnancy and abortion among 1725 consenting vocational school students in northern Thailand. Results from an audio computer-assisted self-interview showed that 48% of the male and 43% of the female students reported ever having had sexual intercourse. Among those who had had intercourse, 27% of the women and 17% of the men said they or their partner had ever been pregnant. Among the last reported pregnancies that resulted in delivery or abortion, 95% were aborted. Age, current contraceptive use, early initiation of sexual intercourse (less than or equal to 16 years), alcohol and drug use, and sexual coercion were associated with self or partner pregnancy. The high rates of pregnancy and abortion in this population indicate the need for better sexual health education and access to effective contraceptive methods. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of The Association for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. C1 Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Chiang Rai Reg Hosp, Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Prevent Med, Chiang Rai, Thailand. RP Manopaiboon, C (reprint author), Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Minist Publ Hlth, DDC7 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013; OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843; Kilmarx, Peter/0000-0001-6464-3345 NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1971 J9 J ADOLESCENCE JI J. Adolesc. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 26 IS 5 BP 517 EP 530 DI 10.1016/S0140-1971(03)00054-X PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 732NF UT WOS:000185951900001 PM 12972266 ER PT J AU Liddell, AM Stockham, SL Scott, MA Sumner, JW Paddock, CD Gaudreault-Keener, M Arens, MQ Storch, GA AF Liddell, AM Stockham, SL Scott, MA Sumner, JW Paddock, CD Gaudreault-Keener, M Arens, MQ Storch, GA TI Predominance of Ehrlichia ewingii in Missouri dogs SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CAUSATIVE AGENT; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; CHAFFEENSIS INFECTION; NORTH-CAROLINA; UNITED-STATES; PCR ASSAY; CANIS AB To investigate the species distribution of Ehrlichia present in Missouri dogs, we tested 78 dogs suspected of having acute ehrlichiosis and 10 healthy dogs. Blood from each dog was screened with a broad-range 16S rRNA gene PCR assay that detects known pathogenic species of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma. The species was determined by using species-specific PCR assays and nucleotide sequencing. Ehrlichia antibody testing was performed by using an indirect immunofluorescence assay with Ehrlichia chaffeensis as the antigenic substrate. The broad-range assay detected Ehrlichia or Anaplasma DNA in 20 (26%) of the symptomatic dogs and 2 (20%) of the asymptomatic dogs. E. ewingii accounted for 20 (91%), and E. chaffeensis accounted for 1 (5%) of the positives. Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA was detected in one dog, and the sequences of regions of the 16S rRNA gene and the groESL operon amplified from the blood of this dog matched the published sequences of this organism. Antibodies reactive with E. chaffeensis were detected in 14 (67%) of the 21 PCR-positive dogs and in 12 (19%) of the 64 PCR-negative dogs. Combining the results of PCR and serology indicated that 33 (39%) of 85 evaluable dogs had evidence of past or current Ehrlichia infection. We conclude that E. ewingii is the predominant etiologic agent of canine ehrlichiosis in the areas of Missouri included in this survey. E. canis, a widely recognized agent of canine ehrlichiosis, was not detected in any animal. The finding of E. ewingii in asymptomatic dogs suggests that dogs could be a reservoir for this Ehrlichia species. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. St Louis Childrens Hosp, Diagnost Virol Lab, St Louis, MO 63178 USA. Univ Missouri, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Columbia, MO USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Storch, GA (reprint author), Washington Univ, St Louis Childrens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Campus Box 8116,1 Childrens Pl, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. NR 33 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 41 IS 10 BP 4617 EP 4622 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.10.4617-4622.2003 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 732CH UT WOS:000185922900020 PM 14532192 ER PT J AU Gee, JE Sacchi, CT Glass, MB De, BK Weyant, RS Levett, PN Whitney, AM Hoffmaster, AR Popovic, T AF Gee, JE Sacchi, CT Glass, MB De, BK Weyant, RS Levett, PN Whitney, AM Hoffmaster, AR Popovic, T TI Use of 16S rRNA gene sequencing for rapid identification and differentiation of Burkholderia pseudomallei and b. mallei SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MELIOIDOSIS; GLANDERS; TOOL; DIVERSITY; DIAGNOSIS; VIRULENCE; AUSTRALIA; OUTBREAK; SYSTEMS; AGENTS AB Burkholderia pseudomallei and B. mallei, the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively, are designated category B biothreat agents. Current methods for identifying these organisms rely on their phenotypic characteristics and an extensive set of biochemical reactions. We evaluated the use of 16S rRNA gene sequencing to rapidly identify these two species and differentiate them from each other as well as from closely related species and genera such as Pandoraea spp., Ralstonia spp., Burkholderia gladioli, Burkholderia cepacia, Burkholderia thailandensis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We sequenced the 1.5-kb 16S rRNA gene of 56 B. pseudomallei and 23 B. mallei isolates selected to represent a wide range of temporal, geographic, and origin diversity. Among all 79 isolates, a total of 11 16S types were found based on eight positions of difference. Nine 16S types were identified in B. pseudomallei isolates based on six positions of difference, with differences ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 bp. Twenty-two of 23 B. mallei isolates showed 16S rRNA gene sequence identity and were designated 16S type 10, whereas the remaining isolate was designated type 11. This report provides a basis for rapidly identifying and differentiating B. pseudomallei and B. mallei by molecular methods. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch,CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Off Hlth & Safety, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Adolfo Lutz Inst, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Gee, JE (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch,CDC, MS-D11,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 37 TC 78 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 41 IS 10 BP 4647 EP 4654 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.10.4647-4654.2003 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 732CH UT WOS:000185922900025 PM 14532197 ER PT J AU Lopardo, HA Vidal, P Jeric, P Centron, D Paganini, H Facklam, RR Elliott, J AF Lopardo, HA Vidal, P Jeric, P Centron, D Paganini, H Facklam, RR Elliott, J CA Argentinian Streptococc TI Six-month multicenter study on invasive infections due to group B streptococci in Argentina SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TETRACYCLINE-RESISTANCE DETERMINANTS; GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; ERYTHROMYCIN RESISTANCE; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECALIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GROUP-C; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; MACROLIDE RESISTANCE; PENICILLIN TOLERANCE AB There is little information about invasive infections by group B streptococci (GBS) and their antimicrobial susceptibilities in Latin America. We performed a prospective multicenter study to determine the serotype distribution and the antimicrobial susceptibility of GBS in Argentina. We identified 58 cases, but only 44 had sufficient data to be evaluated. Eight early-, four late-, and one fatal late, late-onset neonatal infections due to GBS were found. A total of 31 patients were adults with bacteremia, skin and soft tissue infections, osteomyelitis, arthritis, meningitis, abdominal infections, and renal abscess. Serotype III was prevalent in late-onset neonatal disease, and several serotypes (Ia/c, III, Ia, and II) were involved in early-onset neonatal infections. Serotypes II, Ia/c, III, and IV were commonly found in adults, with serotype II prevalent in younger adults (18 to 69 years old) and serotype Ia/c prevalent in elderly adults (>70 years old). The mortality rate attributable to GBS infections was 10.8%. All GBS were susceptible to penicillin and ceftriaxone. Resistance to clindamycin (1.7%), erythromycin (5.2%), azithromycin (5.2%), minocycline (69%), and tetracycline (72.4%), to high levels of kanamycin and amikacin (1.7%), and to intermediately high levels of gentamicin (1.7%) was observed. The bifunctional enzyme AAC6'-APH2" was detected in the isolate resistant to aminoglycosides, and other genetic determinants were identified in other resistant isolates: tetM and tetO in tetracycline-resistant streptococci and mefA and ermTR for efflux-mediated and inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B-resistant streptococci, respectively. For clinical purposes and rapid and easy detection of high-level aminoglycoside-resistant GBS, a screening method that used 1,000-mug kanamycin disks is proposed. C1 Hosp Pediat Prof Dr Juan P Garrahan, Microbiol Serv, RA-1245 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Hosp Pediat Prof Dr Juan P Garrahan, Serv Epidemiol Infectol & Med Prevent, RA-1245 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Med, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lopardo, HA (reprint author), Hosp Pediat Prof Dr Juan P Garrahan, Microbiol Serv, Combate de los Pozos 1881, RA-1245 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NR 50 TC 25 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 41 IS 10 BP 4688 EP 4694 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.10.4688-4694.2003 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 732CH UT WOS:000185922900032 PM 14532204 ER PT J AU Sails, AD Swaminathan, B Fields, PI AF Sails, AD Swaminathan, B Fields, PI TI Utility of multilocus sequence typing as an epidemiological tool for investigation of outbreaks of gastroenteritis caused by Campylobacter jejuni SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SMAI-DEFINED GENOTYPES; UNITED-STATES; RAW-MILK; RECOMBINATION; CONSUMPTION; INFECTIONS; ENTERITIS; DIVERSITY AB Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) has been proven useful for the study of the global population structure of Campylobacter jejuni; however, its usefulness for the investigation of outbreaks of disease caused by C. jejuni has not been proven. In this study, MLST plus sequencing of the flaA short variable region (SVR) were applied to 47 isolates from 12 outbreaks of C. jejuni infection whose relatedness has been determined previously, and the results were compared to those of serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Isolates implicated in an outbreak were indistinguishable by all four subtyping methods, with sporadic isolates being distinguished from outbreak isolates. Two sporadic isolates from one outbreak were resistant to SmaI digestion and therefore nontypeable by PFGE but were differentiated from the outbreak strain by the other methods. PFGE and flaA SVR typing were the most discriminatory methods, with discriminatory indices (DI) of 0.930 and 0.923, respectively. However, an epidemic strain from one outbreak was distinguished from the other outbreak isolates by flaA SVR typing; its flaA allele was different at five nucleotides, suggesting that this change was possibly mediated by recombination. MLST was less discriminatory than PFGE and flaA SVR typing (DI = 0.859), and many of the epidemic strains possessed common sequence types (STs) including ST-8, -21, -22, and -42. However, further discrimination within STs was achieved by flaA SVR typing or PFGE. The results from this study demonstrate that a combined approach of MLST plus flaA SVR typing provides a level of discrimination equivalent to PFGE for outbreak investigations. C1 CDCP, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sails, AD (reprint author), Newcastle Gen Hosp, Inst Pathol, Newcastle Lab, Hlth Protect Agcy, Westgate Rd, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 6BE, Tyne & Wear, England. NR 45 TC 75 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 41 IS 10 BP 4733 EP 4739 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.10.4733-4739.2003 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 732CH UT WOS:000185922900040 PM 14532212 ER PT J AU Paule, SM Trick, WE Tenover, FC Lankford, M Cunningham, S Stosor, V Cordell, RL Peterson, LR AF Paule, SM Trick, WE Tenover, FC Lankford, M Cunningham, S Stosor, V Cordell, RL Peterson, LR TI Comparison of PCR assay to culture for surveillance detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLONIZED PATIENTS AB Direct multiplex PCR assay using vanA and vanB primers, which provides rapid results, was more sensitive than culture on selective media for samples collected by rectal swab (20 of 46 versus 8 of 46; P < 0.001) or perianal swab (17 of 58 versus 12 of 58; P = 0.059) for the detection of gastrointestinal colonization by vancomycin-resistant enterococci. C1 Northwestern Univ, NW Mem Hosp, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Paule, SM (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Evanston Hosp, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, 2650 Ridge Ave, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. NR 15 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 41 IS 10 BP 4805 EP 4807 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.10.4805-4807.2003 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 732CH UT WOS:000185922900054 PM 14532226 ER PT J AU Owens, MD Scofield, BE Taylor, CE AF Owens, MD Scofield, BE Taylor, CE TI Incorporating mother-daughter groups within clinical settings to increase adolescent females' self-esteem SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES LA English DT Article DE adolescent females; self-esteem; mother-daughter relationship; groups AB Risky adolescent behaviors, such as violence, teenage pregnancy, and substance abuse. have caused a national crisis throughout the United States. The research on adolescent development and familial relations has suggested that open. communicative relationships between parents and adolescents can reduce the likelihood of teenagers' involvement in unsafe behaviors, while building up their self-esteem. Research on parent-child relationships has also indicated that parents are identified by their teenagers as having the most influence on adolescents' feelings about themselves, followed by peers, siblings, grandparents, and other relatives. For example, quality relationships with parents significantly affect adolescents' general well-being and mental health. Using an object-relational framework, this article focuses specifically on ways to develop mother-daughter therapy groups to increase teenagers' self-esteem development and the maintenance of open. supportive relationships with their parents. C1 Wichita State Univ, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. Univ Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Owens, MD (reprint author), CDCP, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-513X J9 J FAM ISSUES JI J. Fam. Issues PD OCT PY 2003 VL 24 IS 7 BP 895 EP 907 DI 10.1177/0192513X03255340 PG 13 WC Family Studies SC Family Studies GA 721DE UT WOS:000185301100003 ER PT J AU Osborne, JC Rupprecht, CE Olson, JG Ksizaek, TG Rollin, PE Niezgoda, M Goldsmith, CW An, US Nichol, ST AF Osborne, JC Rupprecht, CE Olson, JG Ksizaek, TG Rollin, PE Niezgoda, M Goldsmith, CW An, US Nichol, ST TI Isolation of Kaeng Khoi virus from dead Chaerephon plicata bats in Cambodia SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article AB A virus isolated from dead Chaerephon plicata bats collected near Kampot, Cambodia, was identified as a member of the family Bunyaviridae by electron microscopy. The only bunyavirus previously isolated from Chaerephon species bats in South-East Asia is Kaeng Khoi (KK) virus (genus Orthobunyavirus), detected in Thailand over 30 years earlier and implicated as a public health problem. Using RT-PCR, nucleotide sequences from the M RNA segment of several virus isolates from the Cambodian C. plicata bats were found to be almost identical and to differ from those of the prototype KK virus by only 2(.)6-3(.)2 %, despite the temporal and geographic separation of the viruses. These results identify the Cambodian bat viruses as KK virus, extend the known virus geographic range and document the first KK virus isolation in 30 years. These genetic data, together with earlier serologic data, show that KK viruses represent a distinct group within the genus Orthobunyavirus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Infect Dis Pathol Activ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kingdom Cambodia, Minist Hlth, Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM stn1@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 84 BP 2685 EP 2689 DI 10.1099/vir.0.19294-0 PN 10 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 777CB UT WOS:000189155700008 PM 13679602 ER PT J AU Meertens, L Shanmugam, V Gessain, A Beer, BE Tooze, Z Heneine, W Switzer, WM AF Meertens, L Shanmugam, V Gessain, A Beer, BE Tooze, Z Heneine, W Switzer, WM TI A novel, divergent simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type 3 in a wild-caught red-capped mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus torquatus) from Nigeria SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PAPIO-HAMADRYAS; PAN-PANISCUS; LEUKEMIA; SUBTYPE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; EVOLUTION; CAMEROON; MONKEYS; AFRICA AB We present here a novel, distinct simian T-cell lymphotropic virus (STLV) found in a red-capped mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus) (CTO-NG409), wild-caught in Nigeria, that showed an HTLV-2-like Western blot (WB) seroreactivity. The complete genome (8920 bp) of CTO-NG409 STLV was related to but different from STLV-3/PHA-PH969 (13(.)5%) and STLV-3/PPA-F3 (7(.)6 %), and STLV-3/CTO604 (11(.)3 %), found in Eritrean and Senegalese baboons, and red-capped mangabeys from Cameroon, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of a conserved tax (1180 bp) sequence and the env gene (1482 bp) confirmed the relatedness of STLV-3/ CTO-NG409 to the STLV-3 subgroup. Molecular clock analysis of env estimated that STLV-3/CTO-NG409 diverged from East and West/Central African STLV-3s about 140 900 +/- 12 400 years ago, suggesting an ancient African origin of STLV-3. Since phylogenetic evidence suggests multiple interspecies transmissions of STLV-1 to humans, and given the antiquity and wide distribution of STLV-3 in Africa, a search for STLV-3 in human African populations with HTLV-2-like WB patterns is warranted. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, CDCP, HIV & retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Pasteur, Dept Ecosyst & Epidemiol Maladies Infect, Unite Epidemiol Physiopathol Virus Oncogenes, F-75724 Paris 15, France. NIAID, Mol Microbiol Lab, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Switzer, WM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, CDCP, HIV & retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bis3@cdc.gov RI Meertens, Laurent/E-8043-2017 NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 84 BP 2723 EP 2727 DI 10.1099/vir.0.19253-0 PN 10 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 777CB UT WOS:000189155700012 PM 13679606 ER PT J AU Hemachudha, T Wacharapluesadee, S Lumlertdaecha, B Orciari, LA Rupprecht, CE La-ongpant, M Juntrakul, S Denduangboripant, J AF Hemachudha, T Wacharapluesadee, S Lumlertdaecha, B Orciari, LA Rupprecht, CE La-ongpant, M Juntrakul, S Denduangboripant, J TI Sequence analysis of rabies virus in humans exhibiting encephalitic or paralytic rabies SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BAT RABIES; PROTEIN AB Two distinct clinical patterns, encephalitic ( furious) and paralytic ( dumb), have been recognized in human rabies. It has been postulated that different rabies virus variants associated with particular vectors may be responsible for these different clinical manifestations. Analysis of the glycoprotein (G), nucleoprotein (N), and phosphoprotein ( P) genes of rabies viruses from 2 human cases of encephalitic rabies and from 2 human cases of paralytic rabies demonstrated only minor nucleotide differences. Deduced amino-acid patterns of the N protein were identical in both human and canine samples that came from the same geographic location, regardless of the clinical form. All differences in amino-acid patterns of the G protein were found outside the ectodomain, in either the signal peptide or the transmembrane and endodomains. None of the amino-acid differences of the P protein was within the interactive site with dynein. These findings support the concept that clinical manifestations of rabies are not explained solely by the associated rabies virus variant. C1 Chulalongkorn Univ Hosp, Dept Med, Mol Biol Lab Neurol Dis, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Bangkok, Thailand. Chulalongkorn Univ, Queen Saovabha Mem Inst, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Hemachudha, T (reprint author), Chulalongkorn Univ Hosp, Dept Med, Mol Biol Lab Neurol Dis, Rama 4 Rd, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 7 BP 960 EP 966 DI 10.1086/378415 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 726HV UT WOS:000185593900004 PM 14513414 ER PT J AU Massoudi, MS Barker, L Schwartz, B AF Massoudi, MS Barker, L Schwartz, B TI Effectiveness of postexposure vaccination for the prevention of smallpox: results of a Delphi analysis SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAK; VIRUS AB We estimated the effectiveness of postexposure smallpox vaccination in preventing or modifying disease in naive and previously vaccinated adults, using the formal Delphi technique. For persons not previously vaccinated, the median effectiveness in preventing disease with vaccination at 0 - 6 h, 6 - 24 h, and 1 - 3 days after exposure was estimated as 93%, 90%, and 80%, respectively, and effectiveness in modifying disease among those who develop illness was estimated as 80%, 80%, and 75%, respectively. Effectiveness was greater for those vaccinated previously. High postexposure vaccination effectiveness for preventing or modifying smallpox is consistent with the limited data available, is biologically plausible, and is similar to that seen for other viral vaccine preventable diseases. These estimates support the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations and provide a key parameter for mathematical models on which policy decisions may be based. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Massoudi, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, MS E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 7 BP 973 EP 976 DI 10.1086/378357 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 726HV UT WOS:000185593900006 PM 14513416 ER PT J AU Kiang, KM Krathwohl, MD AF Kiang, KM Krathwohl, MD TI Rates and risks of transmission of smallpox and mechanisms of prevention SO JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID VARIOLA VIRUS; OUTBREAK; VACCINATION; COMPLICATIONS; SURVEILLANCE; MANAGEMENT; INFECTION; EUROPE; WEST AB In 1980, the World Health Organization declared smallpox eradicated from the world; the last known natural case had occurred in Somalia in 1977, and the United States had stopped routinely vaccinating its citizens in 1972. However, with increasing concerns regarding domestic and international terrorism, smallpox has resurfaced as a potential threat to global health. We review the direct and indirect modes of smallpox transmission and how patterns of transmission vary substantially, depending on the severity of circulating disease, vaccination status, environmental and socioeconomic factors, and the setting of an outbreak. We examine mechanisms for controlling outbreaks of disease and preventing further transmission in the event of an outbreak, with an emphasis on smallpox vaccination. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Krathwohl, MD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Med, MMC 250,420 Delaware St, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-2143 J9 J LAB CLIN MED JI J. Lab. Clin. Med. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 142 IS 4 BP 229 EP 238 DI 10.1016/S0022-2143(03)00147-1 PG 10 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Medical Laboratory Technology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 747DP UT WOS:000186790200004 PM 14625528 ER PT J AU Abbott, RD Ross, GW White, LR Sanderson, WT Burchfiel, CM Kashon, M Sharp, DS Masaki, KH Curb, JD Petrovitch, H AF Abbott, RD Ross, GW White, LR Sanderson, WT Burchfiel, CM Kashon, M Sharp, DS Masaki, KH Curb, JD Petrovitch, H TI Environmental, life-style, and physical precursors of clinical Parkinson's disease: recent findings from the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study SO JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on the Treatment of Parkinsons Disease CY OCT 26, 2002 CL TOKYO, JAPAN DE Parkinson's disease; risk factor; epidemiology ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; FUTURE RISK; DIETARY; JAPANESE; MEN; HAWAII; CALIFORNIA; FREQUENCY; MORTALITY; STROKE AB Background Increased westernization with Japanese migration to the U. S. in the early 20(th) century is thought to have altered the risk of cardiovascular disease. Whether similar effects include changes in the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not clear. This report describes the relations between environmental, life-style, and physical attributes and the incidence of PD that have been observed in the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Methods Beginning in 1965, environmental, life-style, and physical attributes were recorded at selected examinations in a cohort of 8,006 Japanese-American men. Subjects were followed for clinical PD. Findings During 30 years of follow-up, PD was observed in 137 men. overall incidence (7.1/10,000 person-years) was generally higher than in Asia and similar to rates observed in Europe and the U. S. Precursors of PD included constipation, adiposity, years worked on a sugar or pineapple plantation, years of exposure to pesticides, and exposure to sugar cane processing. Factors showing an inverse association with PD included coffee intake and cigarette smoking. Among dietary factors, carbohydrates increased the risk of PD while the intake of polyunsaturated fats appeared protective. Total caloric intake, saturated and monounsaturated fats, protein, niacin, riboflavin, beta-caroten e, vitamins A, B, and C, dietary cholesterol, cobalamin, a-tocopherol, and pantothenic acid showed no clear relation with clinical PD. Interpretation Findings suggest that several environmental, life-style, and physical attributes appear to be precursors of PD. Whether patterns of precursors can be used to identify individuals at high risk of future PD or can broaden the scope of early interventions or recruitment into neuroprotective trials warrants further study. C1 Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Div Biostat & Epidemiol, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Honolulu, HI USA. Kuakini Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. Honolulu Asia Aging Study, Honolulu, HI USA. Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Geriatr Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Abbott, RD (reprint author), Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, POB 800717, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. NR 47 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 4 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PO BOX 10 04 62, D-64204 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 0340-5354 J9 J NEUROL JI J. Neurol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 250 SU 3 BP 30 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s00415-003-1306-7 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 738BM UT WOS:000186266900006 ER PT J AU Gelman, BB Popov, V Chaljub, G Nader, R Rauf, SJ Nauta, W Visvesvara, GS AF Gelman, BB Popov, V Chaljub, G Nader, R Rauf, SJ Nauta, W Visvesvara, GS TI Neuropathological and ultrastructural features of amebic encephalitis caused by Sappinia diploidea SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 76th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Neuropathologists CY JUN 09-10, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Assoc Neuropathol DE amebic encephalitis; electron microscopy; inflammation; parasite; trophozoite ID BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; INFECTIONS AB Here we present the neuropathological, ultrastructural, and radiological features of Sappinia diploidea, a newly recognized human pathogen. The patient was a 38-year-old man with visual disturbances, headache, and a seizure. Brain images showed a solitary mass in the posterior left temporal lobe. The mass was composed of necrotizing hemorrhagic inflammation that contained free-living amebae. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that the organism was not a species of ameba previously known to cause encephalitis. Trophozoites had a highly distinctive double nucleus, and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that they contained 2 nuclei closely apposed along a flattened surface. The 2 nuclei were attached to each other by distinctive connecting perpendicular filaments. This and several other unique structural features led to the diagnosis of S. diploidea encephalitis. The patient was treated postoperatively with a sequential regimen of anti-amebic drugs (azithromycin, pentamidine, itraconazole, and flucytosine) and is alive after 5 years. Guidelines to recognize future cases of S. diploidea encephalitis are as follows. 1) It presented as a tumor-like cerebral mass without an abscess wall. 2) It had central necrotic and hemorrhagic inflammation that contained acute and chronic inflammatory cells without granulomas or eosinophils. 3) It contained trophozoites (40-70 mum diameter) that contained a distinctive double nucleus. 4) Cyst forms in the host were not excluded or definitely evident. 5) Trophozoites engulfed host blood cells and were stained brightly with Giemsa and periodic acid-Schiff. 6) Trophozoites often were present in viable brain parenchyma on the periphery of the mass without inflammatory response. 7) The prognosis after surgical excision and medical treatment was favorable in this instance. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Texas Ctr NeuroAIDS Res, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Surg, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Internal Med, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Radiol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. WHO, Collaborating Ctr Trop Dis, Galveston, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gelman, BB (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Texas Ctr NeuroAIDS Res, Rt 0785, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [R24 MH 59656]; NINDS NIH HHS [R24 NS 45491] NR 10 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSN NEUROPATHOLOGISTS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3069 J9 J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR JI J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 62 IS 10 BP 990 EP 998 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 729UE UT WOS:000185792200002 PM 14575235 ER PT J AU Hansen, MM Durbin, J Sinkowitz-Cochran, R Vaughn, A Langowski, M Gleason, S AF Hansen, MM Durbin, J Sinkowitz-Cochran, R Vaughn, A Langowski, M Gleason, S TI Do no harm - Provider perceptions of patient safety SO JOURNAL OF NURSING ADMINISTRATION LA English DT Article ID COSTS C1 Iowa Dept Pub Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Prevent & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Drake Univ, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. US Senate, Agr Comm, Washington, DC 20510 USA. RP Hansen, MM (reprint author), Iowa Dept Pub Hlth, Lucas State Off Bldg,321 E 12th St, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0002-0443 J9 J NURS ADMIN JI J. Nurs. Adm. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 33 IS 10 BP 507 EP 508 DI 10.1097/00005110-200310000-00004 PG 2 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 735YY UT WOS:000186143500004 PM 14551467 ER PT J AU Hertrampf, E Cortes, F Erickson, JD Cayazzo, M Freire, W Bailey, LB Howson, C Kauwell, GPA Pfeiffer, C AF Hertrampf, E Cortes, F Erickson, JD Cayazzo, M Freire, W Bailey, LB Howson, C Kauwell, GPA Pfeiffer, C TI Consumption of folic acid-fortified bread improves folate status in women of reproductive age in Chile SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE folic acid; fortification; folate status; neural tube defects ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FOOD FORTIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; SERUM; PREVENTION; VITAMIN; GRAIN AB Since January 2000 the Chilean Ministry of Health has required the fortification of wheat flour with folic acid (FA) at a concentration of 2.2 mg FA/kg in order to reduce the risk of neural tube defects (NTD) in newborns. This policy was expected to result in a mean additional intake of similar to400 mug FA/d. We assessed the effectiveness of the FA flour fortification program on bread folate content and on blood folate concentration in women of childbearing age in Santiago, Chile. The prefortification folate status of 751 healthy women of reproductive age was assessed. The folate content of 100 bread samples bought at retail bakeries was measured, average wheat flour consumption was estimated and post-fortification FA dietary intake was calculated. The effect of flour fortification on blood folate concentration in this group of women (n = 605) was evaluated in a follow-up study. Blood folate concentrations of the 605 women in the follow-up group increased (P < 0.0001) following fortification. Before fortification the mean serum and red blood cell folate concentrations were 9.7 +/- 4.3 and 290 +/- 102 nmol/L, respectively, compared with 37.2 +/- 9.5 and 707 +/- 179 nmol/L postfortification, respectively. The mean FA content of bread was 2020 +/- 940 mug/kg. The median FA intake of the group evaluated postfortification was 427 mug/d (95% Cl 409-445) based on an estimated intake of 219 mug/d (95% Cl 201-229) of wheat flour, mainly as bread. Fortification of wheat flour substantially improved folate status in a population of women of reproductive age in Chile. The effect of the FA fortification program on the occurrence of NTD is currently being assessed. C1 Univ Chile, Inst Nutr & Food Technol, Santiago, Chile. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. WHO, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC 20204 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Hertrampf, E (reprint author), Univ Chile, Inst Nutr & Food Technol, Macul 5540, Santiago, Chile. NR 22 TC 94 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 133 IS 10 BP 3166 EP 3169 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 728HH UT WOS:000185711400026 PM 14519804 ER PT J AU Bajer, A Caccio, S Bednarska, M Behnke, JM Pieniazek, NJ Sinski, E AF Bajer, A Caccio, S Bednarska, M Behnke, JM Pieniazek, NJ Sinski, E TI Preliminary molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium parvum isolates of wildlife rodents from Poland SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLETHRIONOMYS-GLAREOLUS; GIARDIA SPP.; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; ANIMALS; GENOTYPES; HUMANS; ORIGIN; MURIS; GENE AB Isolates of Cryptosporidium were collected from 3 species of woodland and field rodents (Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus arvalis, and Apodemus flavicollis) and were characterized by polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of fragments of the oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene and of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene. Sequence analysis of these markers revealed that the animals were infected with C. parvum. and that the genotype involved was almost identical to the mouse genotype previously described from Mus musculus. Thus, small rodents should be considered as an important reservoir of C. parvum genotypes closely related to the zoonotic genotype 2 and potentially hazardous to humans. C1 Warsaw Univ, Fac Biol, Dept Parasitol, Warsaw, Poland. Ist Super Sanita, Parasitol Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Univ Nottingham, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sinski, E (reprint author), Warsaw Univ, Fac Biol, Dept Parasitol, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, Poland. RI Caccio, Simone/K-9278-2015 NR 25 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 89 IS 5 BP 1053 EP 1055 DI 10.1645/GE-3096RN PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 738JQ UT WOS:000186283800027 PM 14627156 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Graham, DH Dahl, E Sreekumar, C Lehmann, T Davis, MF Morishita, TY AF Dubey, JP Graham, DH Dahl, E Sreekumar, C Lehmann, T Davis, MF Morishita, TY TI Toxoplasma gondii isolates from free-ranging chickens from the United States SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE VIRULENCE; MICE; CATS; OOCYSTS; RESPONSES; INFECTION; ABORTION; GENOTYPE; BRAZIL; SHEEP AB Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in chickens is a good indicator of the strains prevalent in their environment because they feed from ground. The prevalence of T. gondii was determined in 118 free-range chickens from 14 counties in Ohio and in 11 chickens from a pig farm in Massachusetts. Toxoplasma gondii antibodies ( greater than or equal to1: 5) were found using the modified agglutination test (MAT) in 20 of 118 chickens from Ohio. Viable T. gondii was recovered from 11 of 20 seropositive chickens by bioassay of their hearts and brains into mice. The parasite was not isolated from tissues of 63 seronegative (less than or equal to1:5) chickens by bioassay in cats. Hearts, brains, and muscles from legs and breast of the 11 chickens from the pig farm in Massachusetts were fed each to a T. gondii-negative cat. Eight cats fed chicken tissues shed oocysts the 3 cats that did not shed oocysts were fed tissues of chickens with MAT titers of 1:5 or less. Tachyzoites of 19 isolates of T gondii front Ohio and Massachusetts were considered avirulent for mice. Of 19 isolates genotyped, 5 isolates were type II and 14 were type Ill: mixed types and type I isolates were not found. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 25 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 89 IS 5 BP 1060 EP 1062 DI 10.1645/GE-124R PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 738JQ UT WOS:000186283800029 PM 14627158 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Venturini, MC Venturini, L Piscopo, M Graham, DH Dahl, E Sreekumar, C Vianna, MC Lehmann, T AF Dubey, JP Venturini, MC Venturini, L Piscopo, M Graham, DH Dahl, E Sreekumar, C Vianna, MC Lehmann, T TI Isolation and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from free-ranging chickens from Argentina SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPONSES; OOCYSTS; BRAZIL; SHEEP AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens can be considered a good indicator of the prevalence of T gondii oocysts in the environment because chickens feed from the ground. In the present study. prevalence of T gondii in 29 free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Argentina was investigated. Blood, heart, and brain from each chicken were examined for T. gondii infection. Antibodies to T. gondii. assayed with the modified agglutination test (MAT). were found in 19 of 29 (65.5%) chickens. Hearts and brains of seropositive (MAT greater than or equal to 1:5) chickens were bioassayed in mice. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 9 of 19 seropositive chickens. Genotyping of chicken isolates of T gondii using the SAG2 locus indicated that 1 was type I. 1 was type II, and 7 were type III . This is the first report of isolation of T gondii from chickens from Argentina. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Nacl La Plata, Fac Ciencias Vet, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 15 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 89 IS 5 BP 1063 EP 1064 DI 10.1645/GE-126 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 738JQ UT WOS:000186283800030 PM 14627159 ER PT J AU Adamkiewicz, TV Sarnaik, S Buchanan, GR Iyer, RV Miller, ST Pegelow, CH Rogers, ZR Vichinsky, E Elliott, J Facklam, RR O'Brien, KL Schwartz, B Beneden, CAV Cannon, MJ Eckman, JR Keyserling, H Sullivan, K Wong, WY Wang, WC AF Adamkiewicz, TV Sarnaik, S Buchanan, GR Iyer, RV Miller, ST Pegelow, CH Rogers, ZR Vichinsky, E Elliott, J Facklam, RR O'Brien, KL Schwartz, B Beneden, CAV Cannon, MJ Eckman, JR Keyserling, H Sullivan, K Wong, WY Wang, WC TI Invasive pneumococcal infections in children with sickle cell disease in the era of penicillin prophylaxis, antibiotic resistance, and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATE VACCINE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; UNITED-STATES; YOUNG-ADULTS; ANEMIA; PREVENTION; EFFICACY; INFANTS; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNIZATION C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. Univ Mississippi, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Kings Cty Hosp, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Wayne State Univ, Childrens Hosp Michigan, Detroit, MI USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. Univ So Calif, Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. RP Adamkiewicz, TV (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 2040 Ridgewood Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [1K23 HL 04251]; ODCDC CDC HHS [UR6/CCU 417667-02] NR 40 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 143 IS 4 BP 438 EP 444 DI 10.1067/S0022-3476(03)00331-7 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 738LQ UT WOS:000186289500009 PM 14571216 ER PT J AU Bearer, CF Jacobson, JL Jacobson, SW Barr, D Croxford, J Molteno, CD Viljoen, DL Marais, AS Chiodo, LM Cwik, AS AF Bearer, CF Jacobson, JL Jacobson, SW Barr, D Croxford, J Molteno, CD Viljoen, DL Marais, AS Chiodo, LM Cwik, AS TI Validation of a new biomarker of fetal exposure to alcohol SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID ACID ETHYL-ESTERS; PRENATAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE; PREGNANT-WOMEN; MARKERS; DRINKING; BLOOD; CONSUMPTION; MECONIUM; SMOKING; COCAINE AB Objective To test the sensitivity and specificity of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) extracted from meconium to identify alcohol-using pregnant women with a sensitive and specific methodology, gas chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (GC/MS/MS). Study design Twenty-seven samples of meconium were obtained from infants from the mixed race community in Cape Town, South Africa, who were enrolled in a longitudinal neurobehavioral study. Maternal alcohol use was reported prospectively during pregnancy. FAEEs were isolated from meconium and quantitated by GC/MS/MS. Results Ethyl oleate was the FAEE that correlated most strongly with maternal self-reported drinking, especially with the average ounces of absolute alcohol ingested per drinking day. Ethyl oleate was most strongly related to drinking in the second and third trimesters (Pearson r = .55 and .40, respectively). At a threshold of 1.5 average ounces of absolute alcohol. ingested per drinking day, die area under the receiving operator characteristic curve was Using a cut-off value of 92 (95% confidence interval 0.74-0.97). 32 ng/g, sensitivity was 84.2% and specificity was 83.3%. Conclusions Ethyl oleate concentration in meconium assayed by GC/MS/MS provides a highly sensitive and specific indicator of maternal alcohol use during pregnancy. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat & Neurosci, Cleveland, OH USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Psychol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Psychiat, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Behav Neurosci, Detroit, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Cape Town, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. Fdn Alcohol Related Res, Cape Town, South Africa. Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Human Genet, Fac Hlth Sci, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Bearer, CF (reprint author), Rainbow Babies & Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, 11100 Euclid Ave,Ste 3100, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM cfb3@po.cwru.edu RI Chiodo, Lisa/G-1427-2015 OI Chiodo, Lisa/0000-0001-7052-3569 FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R01 AA009524, R01 AA 09524]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES 11261, P01 ES011261]; PHS HHS [MM 012202-02] NR 36 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 143 IS 4 BP 463 EP 469 DI 10.1067/S0022-3476(03)00442-6 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 738LQ UT WOS:000186289500014 PM 14571221 ER PT J AU Hall, HI Jamison, P Fulton, JP Clutter, G Roffers, S Parrish, P AF Hall, HI Jamison, P Fulton, JP Clutter, G Roffers, S Parrish, P TI Reporting cutaneous melanoma to cancer registries in the United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; SKIN-CANCER; SCREENING-PROGRAM; REGISTRATION; TRENDS; COMPLETENESS; CRITERIA; RATES; TIME AB Background. Central cancer registries provide data to monitor incidence rates of cutaneous melanoma. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the completeness of melanoma reporting in the United States. Methods: Data provided by central cancer registries were used to calculate age-adjusted, average annual incidence rates and were compared by time period (1992-1994, 1995-1997), stage, and program (Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results [SEER] and National Program of Cancer Registries [NPCR]). Completeness was measured with incidence/mortality ratio. Results: Incidence rates among whites for 1995-1997 from SEER registries ranged from 11.8 to 33.9 per 100,000 population; 18 of 40 NPCR registries were within this range. For 1992-1994, 8 of 30 NPCR registries were within the range of SEER incidence rates. NPCR registry incidence rates were generally higher for 1995-1997 than 1992-1994. The percentage of cases of localized melanoma did not increase substantially in most SEER registries over the study period, but some NPCR registries had substantial increases. Among NPCR registries that had incidence rates comparable with those of SEER in 1995-1997, the incidence/mortality ratios were generally lower among NPCR registries than SEER registries. Conclusion: Although melanoma incidence rates are generally increasing, part of the increases in incidence rates reported by NPCR registries over the study time period are likely due to increased case ascertainment and reporting. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, NCHSTP,DHAP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Providence, RI 02908 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Illinois State Canc Registry, Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL USA. RP Hall, HI (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, NCHSTP,DHAP, Mailstop E-47,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 49 IS 4 BP 624 EP 630 DI 10.1067/S0190-9622(03)00885-5 PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 726NV UT WOS:000185606500007 PM 14512907 ER PT J AU Miller, CH Haff, E Platt, SJ Rawlins, P Drews, CD Dilley, AB Evatt, B AF Miller, CH Haff, E Platt, SJ Rawlins, P Drews, CD Dilley, AB Evatt, B TI Measurement of von Willebrand factor activity: relative effects of ABO blood type and race SO JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article DE ABO blood type; factor VIII; race; von Willebrand disease; von Willebrand factor ID FACTOR-VIII; VENOUS THROMBOSIS; PLATELET AGGLUTINATION; VONWILLEBRANDS DISEASE; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; GROUP ANTIGENS; YOUNG-ADULTS; RISK-FACTORS; RISTOCETIN; DIAGNOSIS AB Tests based on three different principles are reported to measure the activity of von Willebrand factor (VWF): ristocetin cofactor (VWF:RCo), collagen binding (VWF:CB), and the so-called 'activity ELISA' (VWF:MoAb). We measured these and other diagnostic parameters in a population of 123 randomly selected female study controls, age 18-45 years. Type O subjects had significantly lower levels than non-O subjects in each test. Race differences were seen in all tests except VWF:RCo, with Caucasians having significantly lower levels than African-Americans. ABO differences accounted for 19% of the total variance in VWF:Ag (P < 0.0001) and race for 7% (P < 0.0001), for a total of 26%. Both effects were mediated through VWF:Ag and were independent. VWF:Ag level was the primary determinant of VWF function, accounting for approximately 60% of the variance in VWF:RCo and VWF:CB and 54% of the variance in factor VIII. The ratio VWF:RCo/VWF:Ag differed significantly by race within blood group. The median ratios were 0.97 for type O Caucasians vs. 0.79 for type O African-Americans and 0.94 for non-O Caucasians vs. 0.76 for non-O African-Americans. The ratio VWF:CB/VWF:Ag did not vary. This suggests racial differences in the interaction of VWF with GP1b but not with subendothelium. Alternatively, VWF:RCo may be regulated to maintain a relatively constant plasma level in the presence of excessive VWF:Ag. This heterogeneity within the normal population is partially responsible for the difficulty in defining diagnostic limits for von Willebrand disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, NCID, DASTLR, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Miller, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, NCID, DASTLR, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/M-8560-2016; OI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/0000-0002-8763-7404; Miller, Connie H/0000-0002-3989-7973 NR 40 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1538-7933 J9 J THROMB HAEMOST JI J. Thromb. Haemost. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 1 IS 10 BP 2191 EP 2197 DI 10.1046/j.1538-7836.2003.00367.x PG 7 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 736AX UT WOS:000186149100022 PM 14521604 ER PT J AU Liu, HM Zheng, DP Zhang, LB Oberste, MS Kew, OM Pallansch, MA AF Liu, HM Zheng, DP Zhang, LB Oberste, MS Kew, OM Pallansch, MA TI Serial recombination during circulation of type 1 wild-vaccine recombinant polioviruses in China SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENOMES; RNA; GENOTYPES; STRAINS; DETERMINANTS; ORGANIZATION; REPLICATION AB Type 1 wild-vaccine recombinant polioviruses sharing a 367-nucleotide (nt) block of Sabin 1-derived sequence spanning the VP1 and 2A genes circulated widely in China from 1991 to 1993. We surveyed the sequence relationships among 34 wild-vaccine recombinants by comparing six genomic intervals: the conserved 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) (nt 186 to 639), the hypervariable portion of the 5'-UTR (nt 640 to 742), the VP4 and partial VP2 genes (nt 743 to 1176), the VP1 gene (nt 2480 to 3385), the 2A gene (nt 3386 to 3832), and the partial 3D gene (nt 6011 to 6544). The 5'-UTR, capsid (VP4-VP2 and VP1), and 2A sequence intervals had similar phylogenies. By contrast, the partial 3D sequences could be distributed into five divergent genetic classes. Most (25 of 34) of the wild-vaccine recombinant isolates showed no evidence of additional recombination beyond the initial wild-Sabin recombination event. Eight isolates from 1992 to 1993, however, appear to be derived from three independent additional recombination events, and one 1993 isolate was derived from two consecutive events. Complete genomic sequences of a representative isolate for each 3D sequence class demonstrated that these exchanges had occurred in the 2B, 2C, and 3D genes. The 3D gene sequences were not closely related to those of the Sabin strains or 53 diverse contemporary wild poliovirus isolates from China, but all were related to the 3D genes of species C enteroviruses. The appearance within approximately 2.5 years of five recombinant classes derived from a single ancestral infection illustrates the rapid emergence of new recombinants among circulating wild polioviruses. C1 CDCP, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Poliovirus Reference Ctr, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. RP Liu, HM (reprint author), CDCP, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 47 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 77 IS 20 BP 10994 EP 11005 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.20.10994-11005.2003 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 727XL UT WOS:000185686100026 PM 14512548 ER PT J AU Jones, ME Curns, AT Krebs, JW Childs, JE AF Jones, ME Curns, AT Krebs, JW Childs, JE TI Environmental and human demographic features associated with epizootic raccoon rabies in Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Virginia SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE epizootic; Procyon lotor; rabies; raccoons ID ATLANTIC STATES; DYNAMICS AB We assessed land use and demographic data as predictors discriminating between counties experiencing large or small first epizootics of rabies among raccoons (Procyon lotor). Monthly county reports of raccoons testing positive for rabies were obtained from rabies surveillance databases from Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Virginia (USA). Environmental and demographic data for the three states were obtained from public sources. On the basis of total reports of raccoon rabies during the first defined epizootic period, the 203 counties were dichotomized at the 75th percentile as having a large epizootic ( greater than or equal to24 rabid raccoons in the first epizootic) (51 counties) or a small epizootic or no epizootic (152 counties). A high percentage of agricultural land use [OR=9.1, 95% CI (3.6-23.1)], high water coverage in combination with low human population density [OR=8.8, 95% CI (2.9-27.0)], and low water coverage with high human population density [OR=11.7, 95% CI (4.0-34.1)] were positively associated with large rabies epizootics. Counties with more than 15% of mixed forest were less likely to experience large epizootics than were counties with : 15% of mixed forest [OR=0.3, 95% CI (0.1, 0.9)]. A combination of land use and human population density measures provided the best model for determining epizootic size and may be important predictors of epizootic behavior and risk of exposure to this reservoir species. C1 NE Hlth Dist, Community Hlth Assessment & Serv Evaluat Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Curns, AT (reprint author), NE Hlth Dist, Community Hlth Assessment & Serv Evaluat Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 39 IS 4 BP 869 EP 874 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 760BX UT WOS:000187791800014 PM 14733282 ER PT J AU Farajollahi, A Panella, NA Carr, P Crans, W Burguess, K Komar, N AF Farajollahi, A Panella, NA Carr, P Crans, W Burguess, K Komar, N TI Serologic evidence of West Nile virus infection in black bears (Ursus americanus) from New Jersey SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE black bear; serosurvey; Ursus americanus; West Nile virus ID UNITED-STATES; ENCEPHALITIS; OUTBREAK AB Serum samples obtained from 51 free-ranging black bears (Ursus americanus) in northwestern New Jersey in February and March 2002 were analyzed for neutralizing antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis virus. Three (6%) of the black bears tested positive for WNV-neutralizing antibodies. One additional sample was positive for flavivirus-neutralizing antibodies but could not be differentiated for a specific virus type. This is the first report of WNV infection in black bears. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Entomol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. New Jersey Div Fish & Wildlife, Hampton, NJ 08827 USA. RP Farajollahi, A (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Entomol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 39 IS 4 BP 894 EP 896 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 760BX UT WOS:000187791800018 PM 14733286 ER PT J AU Montagna, MT Santacroce, MP Caggiano, G Tato, D Ajello, L AF Montagna, MT Santacroce, MP Caggiano, G Tato, D Ajello, L TI Cavernicolous habitats harbouring Cryptococcus neoformans: results of a speleological survey in Apulia, Italy, 1999-2000 SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apulia; caves; Cryptococcus neoformans; Italy ID A MATA STRAIN; VAR GATTII; HISTOPLASMOSIS; SEROTYPE; ENVIRONMENT; EXCRETA; CAVES; BAT; DROPPINGS; PIGEONS AB Twenty-five caves of speleological and palaeontological interest were investigated for the presence of Cryptococcus spp. within the Apulia region of Italy. Five hundred and forty-five specimens of soil, mud, animal faeces, water and decayed animal and plant remains were examined. Faecal specimens from bats, pigeons and foxes in three caves yielded Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans and C laurentii. C neoformans var. neoformans and C albidus were isolated from two soil specimens. Only three caves were positive for the presence of C neoformans, but the survey documents the finding of a possible natural reservoir in Apulia. It is the first record of occurrence of this yeast in association with cavernicolous habitats, and indicates the potential role of caves in exposing speleologists to life-threatening fungal infections. C1 Univ Bari, Dipartimento Med Interna & Med Pubbl, Sez Igiene, Bari, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Montagna, MT (reprint author), DIMIMP, Sez Igiene, I-70124 Bari, Italy. OI Santacroce, Maria/0000-0003-4935-3344; Montagna, Maria Teresa/0000-0002-2958-5458; Caggiano, Giuseppina/0000-0003-3009-9147 NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 41 IS 5 BP 451 EP 455 DI 10.1080/13693780310001602785 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 746QH UT WOS:000186756700012 PM 14653523 ER PT J AU Miller, DB O'Callaghan, JP AF Miller, DB O'Callaghan, JP TI Effects of aging and stress on hippocampal structure and function SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Aging - Beneficial Effects on Patients from Recent Advances in Genetics, Neurobiology and Physiology CY OCT 02-06, 2002 CL ST ADELE, CANADA ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; CALORIE RESTRICTION; BRAIN; AGE; VOLUME; NUMBER; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; ATROPHY; MEMORY; NEURON AB Aging is often simply defined as the decline in various body systems and functions (eg, endocrine, cognitive, motor, etc) that occur with the passage of time, although the degree of deterioration can vary greatly across individuals. Increases in average life span have brought a greater focus on brain aging. There is an emphasis on understanding how aging contributes to a decline in brain functions (eg, cognition) because such a decline adversely affects the quality of life. The hippocampus is a key brain structure for cognition and the feedback control of the stress response. Herein we describe how the hippocampus changes with age and we examine the idea that age-related changes in the secretory patterns of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis can contribute to hippocampal aging. We also examine the proposal that cumulative stress, perhaps due to compromised HPA axis function, can contribute to hippocampal aging by subjecting it to exposure to excessive levels of glucocorticoids. The aging hippocampus does not appear to suffer a generalized loss of cells or synapses, although atrophy of the structure may occur in humans. Thus, age-related cognitive impairments are likely related to other neurobiological alterations that could include changes in the signaling, information encoding, and plastic, electrophysiological, or neurochemical properties of neurons or glia. Dysfunction of the HPA axis sometimes occurs with aging, and while excessive glucocorticoids can disrupt cognition as well as hippocampal neuronal integrity, these are not an inevitable consequence of aging. The general preservation of cells and the plastic potential of the hippocampus provide a focus for the development of pharmacological, nutritional, or life-style strategies to combat age-related declines. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CDC, NIOSH, TMBB, HELD,Chron Stress & Neurotoxicol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Miller, DB (reprint author), CDC, NIOSH, TMBB, HELD,Chron Stress & Neurotoxicol Lab, Mailstop L-3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 66 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 52 IS 10 SU 2 BP 17 EP 21 DI 10.1053/S0026-0495(03)00296-8 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 732WZ UT WOS:000185969700006 PM 14577058 ER PT J AU Bennett, SN Holmes, EC Chirivella, M Rodriguez, DM Beltran, M Vorndam, V Gubler, DJ McMillan, WO AF Bennett, SN Holmes, EC Chirivella, M Rodriguez, DM Beltran, M Vorndam, V Gubler, DJ McMillan, WO TI Selection-driven evolution of emergent dengue virus SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE dengue virus; positive selection; epidemiology; phylogeny; maximum likelihood ID MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; RNA VIRUSES; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; POSITIVE SELECTION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; TYPE-4 VIRUS; INFLUENZA-A AB In the last four decades the incidence of dengue fever has increased 30-fold worldwide, and over half the world's population is now threatened with infection from one or more of four co-circulating viral serotypes (DEN-1 through DEN-4). To determine the role of viral molecular evolution in emergent disease dynamics, we sequenced 40% of the genome of 82 DEN-4 isolates collected from Puerto Rico over the 20 years since the onset of endemic dengue on the island. Isolates were derived from years with varying levels of DEN-4 prevalence. Over our sampling period there were marked evolutionary shifts in DEN-4 viral populations circulating in Puerto Rico; viral lineages were temporally clustered and the most common genotype at a particular sampling time often arose from a previously rare lineage. Expressed changes in structural genes did not appear to drive this lineage turnover, even though these regions include primary determinants of viral antigenic properties. Instead, recent dengue evolution can be attributed in part to positive selection on the nonstructural gene 2A (NS2A), whose functions may include replication efficiency and antigenicity. During the latest and most severe DEN-4 epidemic in Puerto Rico, in 1998, viruses were distinguished by three amino acid changes in NS2A that were fixed far faster than expected by drift alone. Our study therefore demonstrates viral genetic turnover within a focal population and the potential importance of adaptive evolution in viral epidemic expansion. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Microbiol & Med Zool, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Juan Branch, San Juan, PR USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Bennett, SN (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. OI Holmes, Edward/0000-0001-9596-3552 NR 59 TC 126 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1650 EP 1658 DI 10.1093/milbev/msg182 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 730CD UT WOS:000185810900010 PM 12832629 ER PT J AU Watson, CH Polzin, GM Calafat, AM Ashley, DL AF Watson, CH Polzin, GM Calafat, AM Ashley, DL TI Determination of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields in the smoke of bidi cigarettes SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO AB A survey of the nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide (CO) levels in mainstream smoke from 21 brands of bidi cigarettes and five brands of traditional cigarettes was conducted using a variation of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) standardized cigarette smoking machine method. The primary difference between this method and the FTC method was a reduction of the 60-s puff interval to 15s. The shorter puff interval was required to prevent the bidi cigarettes from self-extinguishing and may represent a closer approximation to human usage. The goal of this study was to evaluate the smoke-delivery potential for tar, nicotine, and CO in mainstream smoke from bidi cigarettes compared with traditional domestic cigarettes smoked under identical conditions. Approximately half of the bidi brands examined were marketed as filtered varieties. Unlike traditional cigarettes, the filtered and unfiltered bidi brands yielded comparable smoke deliveries. Thus, a filtered bidi cigarette brand does not provide any harm-reduction benefit that might result from a reduction in levels of tar, nicotine, and CO compared with an unfiltered variety. Our findings indicate that bidi cigarettes can deliver high levels of tar (77.9 +/- 9.5 mg/bidi), nicotine (2.7 +/- .4 mg/bidi), and CO (39.2 +/- 5.7mg/bidi). In comparison, traditional cigarettes smoked using the bidi cigarette protocol have lower tar and CO yields, but have nicotine deliveries comparable with bidi cigarettes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Watson, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 5 IS 5 BP 747 EP 753 DI 10.1080/1462220031000158591 PG 7 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 734KF UT WOS:000186054200017 PM 14577991 ER PT J AU Wortley, PM Husten, CG Trosclair, A Chrismon, J Pederson, LL AF Wortley, PM Husten, CG Trosclair, A Chrismon, J Pederson, LL TI Nondaily smokers: A descriptive analysis SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WORKING POPULATION; CHIPPERS; SMOKING AB To describe the characteristics of persons in the United States who smoke but do not smoke daily, we analyzed 1997-1998 data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The NHIS collects self-reported information on cigarette smoking from a representative sample of the U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population aged 18 years or older through in-home surveys. Nondaily smokers were defined as persons who had ever smoked 100 cigarettes, smoked "some days," and smoked on fewer than 30 of the past 30 days. In 1997-1998, an estimated 16.0% of current smokers were nondaily smokers. Being a nondaily smoker was more common among smokers aged 18-24 years (19.9%) than among those aged 45-64 years (12.0%), more common among Black and Hispanic smokers (19.2% and 29.9%, respectively) than among White smokers (13.9%), and more common among smokers with at least a college education (28.2%) than among those with 9-11, 12, or 13-15 years of education (10.0%, 12.5%, or 15.9%, respectively). Mean cigarettes smoked per day for those who had smoked on 1-9, 10-19, and 20-29 of the past 30 days equaled 3.9, 5.3, and 7.0, respectively, compared with 19.0 for daily smokers. Nondaily smokers were more likely than daily smokers to have a quit attempt in the past year (55.2% vs. 40.0%). In conclusion, rates of nondaily smoking vary substantially by age, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment. Differences by education suggest that this behavior may be influenced by knowledge and social norms. Nondaily smoking may be a useful intermediate outcome for assessing changes in smoking prevalence. Cessation interventions need to be tailored for nondaily smokers, who may differ from daily smokers in important ways. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wortley, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 5 IS 5 BP 755 EP 759 DI 10.1080/1462220031000158753 PG 5 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 734KF UT WOS:000186054200018 PM 14577992 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Mokdad, AH Giles, WH AF Ford, ES Mokdad, AH Giles, WH TI Trends in waist circumference among US adults SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nutrition surveys; sex; trends ID BODY-MASS INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; HEALTH RISK; HIP RATIO; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; WOMEN; PREDICTORS; CHILDREN AB Objective: Waist circumference has been proposed as a measure of obesity or as an adjunct to other anthropometric measures to determine obesity. Our objective was to examine temporal trends in waist circumference among adults in the U.S. Research Methods and Procedures: We used data from 15,454 participants 20 years old in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 111 (1988 to 1994) and 4024 participants :20 years old from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2000. Results: The unadjusted waist circumference increased from 95.3 (age-adjusted, 96.0 cm) to 98.6 (age-adjusted, 98.9 cm) cm among men and from 88.7 (age-adjusted 88.9 cm) to 92.2 (age-adjusted 92.1 cm) cm among women. The percentiles from the two surveys suggest that much of the waist circumference distribution has shifted. Statistically significant increases occurred among all age groups and racial or ethnic groups except men 30 to 59 years old, women 40 to 59 and 70 years old, and women who were Mexican American or of "other" race or ethnicity. Discussion: These results demonstrate the rapid increase in obesity, especially abdominal obesity, among U.S. adults. Unless measures are taken to slow the increase in or reverse the course of the obesity epidemic, the burden of obesity-associated morbidity and mortality in the U.S. can be expected to increase substantially in future years. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 32 TC 192 Z9 201 U1 0 U2 5 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1223 EP 1231 DI 10.1038/oby.2003.168 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 735GZ UT WOS:000186105800011 PM 14569048 ER PT J AU Schrag, SJ Arnold, KE Mohle-Boetani, JC Lynfield, R Zell, ER Stefonek, K Noga, H Craig, AS Sanza, LT Smith, G Schuchat, A AF Schrag, SJ Arnold, KE Mohle-Boetani, JC Lynfield, R Zell, ER Stefonek, K Noga, H Craig, AS Sanza, LT Smith, G Schuchat, A CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Prenatal screening for infectious diseases and opportunities for prevention SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NETWORK AB OBJECTIVE: To characterize adherence with recommendations for prenatal infectious disease screening and missed opportunities for prevention of congenital and perinatal infections. METHODS: Demographic, prenatal, and peripartum information was abstracted from labor and delivery records of a random, stratified sample of live births in 1998 and 1999 to residents of eight active surveillance areas. Adherence with prenatal screening recommendations was evaluated for hepatitis B, syphilis, rubella, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and group B streptococcus (GBS). Characteristics of missed opportunities for disease prevention were assessed by univariate and multivariable analysis to account for survey design. RESULTS: Prenatal screening rates for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (96.5%), syphilis (98.2%), and rubella (97.3%) were high. Areas of excess syphilis morbidity did not adhere to recommendations for third-trimester retesting. Testing rates for HIV (57.2%) and GBS (52.0%) were lower and had wide geographic variation. Postpartum rubella vaccination was documented for only 65.7% of rubella-susceptible women. Inadequate prenatal care was the single strongest predictor of missed opportunities for prenatal testing (relative risk 14.6; 95% confidence interval 6.3, 33.7). Blacks were less likely than whites to receive adequate prenatal care and prenatal tests, more likely to test positive for HBsAg and syphilis, and less likely to receive recommended prevention interventions such as postpartum rubella vaccination for susceptible women. CONCLUSION: Adherence to both long-standing and more recent recommendations for congenital and perinatal disease prevention can be improved, thus perhaps reducing racial disparities in the use of prenatal screening and appropriate prevention interventions. (C) 2003 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Commun Dis Control, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth Serv, Portland, OR USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. New York Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. RP Schrag, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 74 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 102 IS 4 BP 753 EP 760 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(03)00671-9 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 728ZJ UT WOS:000185746000017 PM 14551005 ER PT J AU Sansom, SL Jamieson, DJ Farnham, PG Bulterys, M Fowler, MG AF Sansom, SL Jamieson, DJ Farnham, PG Bulterys, M Fowler, MG TI Human immunodeficiency virus retesting during pregnancy: Costs and effectiveness in preventing perinatal transmission SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMITTED DISEASE CLINICS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; ELECTIVE CESAREAN DELIVERY; HIV-INFECTED WOMEN; MOTHER-TO-CHILD; TYPE-1 TRANSMISSION; RISK-FACTORS; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; NORTH-CAROLINA; UNITED-STATES AB OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incremental societal costs and effectiveness of a second human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody test during the third trimester of pregnancy compared with no second test. METHODS: We used a decision tree in this cost-effectiveness analysis to model outcomes among pregnant women in high-risk communities and nationwide who received an initial, negative HIV antibody test during the first trimester. The main outcome measure was discounted costs per year of infant life saved. RESULTS: In high-risk communities with estimated HIV incidence of 6.2 per 1000 person-years, a second HIV test compared with no second test would detect 192 infections in women, prevent approximately 37 infant infections, and save 655 infant life-years per 100,000 women tested. Net savings would be $5.2 million. Applied to an estimated national incidence of .17 per 1000 person-years, a second test would detect 5.3 infections in women, prevent 1.3 infant infections, and save 23.3 infant life-years per 100,000 women tested. Net costs would be $1.06 million, or $45,708 for each year of infant life saved. A second test would result in net savings in populations with HIV incidence of 1.2 per 1000 person-years or higher. CONCLUSION: Health care providers serving women in communities with an HIV incidence of 1 per 1000 person-years or higher should strongly consider implementing a second voluntary universal HIV test during the third trimester. Providers serving lower-risk communities should pilot second testing to assess community-specific costs. (C) 2003 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Econ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Sansom, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 64 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 102 IS 4 BP 782 EP 790 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(03)00624-0 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 728ZJ UT WOS:000185746000021 PM 14551009 ER PT J AU Balter, S Zell, ER O'Brien, KL Roome, A Noga, H Thayu, M Schuchat, A AF Balter, S Zell, ER O'Brien, KL Roome, A Noga, H Thayu, M Schuchat, A TI Impact of intrapartum antibiotics on the care and evaluation of the neonate SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 17-21, 2000 CL TORONTO, CANADA DE group B Streptococcus; neonatal management; intrapartum antibiotics ID B STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE; PROPHYLAXIS; MANAGEMENT; GUIDELINES; NEWBORNS AB Background. Management of infants whose mothers receive intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (LAP) is controversial. In 1996 consensus guidelines for prevention of neonatal Group B streptococcal disease included an algorithm for management of infants whose mothers received UP. To assess practices for testing and treatment of infants, we evaluated a population-based sample of deliveries to see whether excessive evaluation and treatment occurs after UP. Methods. Medical records for 869 deliveries in Connecticut during 1996 were sampled. UP was administered in 96 full term deliveries. We excluded infants <37 weeks and those with intrapartum fever. We reviewed hospital records for infants born after IAP (n = 81) and a random sample of those not exposed (n = 180). Analyses were conducted with sample weights to account for unequal probability of selection. Results. Infants whose mothers received UP were more likely to have complete blood counts, (26% vs. 9% P = 0.05) but were no more likely to receive antibiotics in the first week of life (P = 0.48), have an intravenous catheter placed (P = 0.83), or to have other invasive procedures. Mean length of hospital stay was 6 h longer for infants born by vaginal delivery to mothers who had UP (47.0 h) than for those without LAP (41.3 h) (P 0.06). Conclusion. Despite concerns that UP guidelines would result in excessive neonatal evaluations, infants sampled whose mothers received UP were not more likely to undergo invasive procedures or to receive antibiotics. Consistent with the guidelines, collection of complete blood counts was more common among such infants. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Connecticut Hlth Dept, Hartford, CT USA. RP Balter, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 22 IS 10 BP 853 EP 857 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000090920.22425.dc PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 733XH UT WOS:000186025600001 PM 14551483 ER PT J AU Mullins, JA Lamonte, AC Bresee, JS Anderson, LJ AF Mullins, JA Lamonte, AC Bresee, JS Anderson, LJ TI Substantial variability in community respiratory syncytial virus season timing SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE respiratory syncytial virus; surveillance; community outbreaks ID SUCCESSIVE EPIDEMICS; ONE CITY; INFECTION; RISK; HOSPITALIZATION; PROPHYLAXIS; PALIVIZUMAB; INFANTS; STRAIN AB Background. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children. Prevention of RSV disease in children in certain high risk groups through use of immunoglobulin preparations has been recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics since 1998. A more precise understanding of the timing of annual RSV epidemics should assist providers in maximizing the benefit of these preventive therapies. The objective of this study was to determine whether current national RSV surveillance data could be used to define the timing of seasonal outbreaks Methods. Weekly RSV testing data from the National Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Surveillance System for the period July 1990 through June 2000 were analyzed. RSV season onset week, peak week and duration were calculated for the entire United States, Census regions and select local laboratories. Season variability was estimated by comparing calculations for individual RSV seasons to median measurements for the entire surveillance period Results. RSV seasons in the South region began significantly earlier (P < 0.05) and lasted longer (P < 0.05) than seasons for the rest of the nation. RSV seasons in the Midwest region began significantly later (P < 0.01) and were shorter (P < 0.05) than those for the rest of the nation. Local RSV seasons varied substantially by year and by laboratory. The variability between laboratories generally increased with distance between laboratories Conclusions. Onset weeks and durations of RSV seasons vary substantially by year and location. Local RSV data are needed to accurately define the onset and offset of RSV seasons and to refine timing of passive immune prophylaxis therapy recommendations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mullins, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 18 TC 98 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 22 IS 10 BP 857 EP 862 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000090921.21313.d3 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 733XH UT WOS:000186025600002 PM 14551484 ER PT J AU Clark, HF Burke, CJ Volkin, DB Offit, P Ward, RL Bresee, JS Dennehy, P Gooch, WM Malacaman, E Matson, D Walter, E Watson, B Krah, DL Dallas, MJ Schodel, F Kaplan, KM Heaton, P AF Clark, HF Burke, CJ Volkin, DB Offit, P Ward, RL Bresee, JS Dennehy, P Gooch, WM Malacaman, E Matson, D Walter, E Watson, B Krah, DL Dallas, MJ Schodel, F Kaplan, KM Heaton, P TI Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy in healthy infants of G1 and G2 human reassortant rotavirus vaccine in a new stabilizer/buffer liquid formulation SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobials and Chemotherapy CY 2003 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DE rotavirus vaccine; rotavirus gastroenteritis; vaccine formulation ID UNITED-STATES; WC3 VACCINE; DIARRHEA; INTUSSUSCEPTION; IMMUNIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; VOLUNTEERS; ANTIBODY; CULTURE AB Background. A refrigerator-stable rotavirus (RV) vaccine that withstands gastric acid is anticipated to permit more widespread use of RV vaccine. Objective. We investigated for the first time in infants an oral, liquid formulation of G1 and G2 human bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine (HRRV) with a new stabilizer/buffer (S/B) containing sucrose, sodium phosphate and sodium citrate. Methods. During 1997 through 1998, 731 healthy infants similar to2 to 4 months of age were enrolled at 19 US sites to receive 3 HRRV or placebo doses similar to6 to 8 weeks apart in a partially double blinded study. Infants were randomized to: (1) HRRV with no S/B but with prefeeding; (2) HRRV plus 1 of 3 different concentrations/volumes of S/B; or (3) placebo. Results. No serious vaccine-related adverse experiences or intussusception cases were reported. No statistically significant differences were observed between vaccine and placebo recipients for fever (greater than or equal to38.1degreesC) 0 to 7 days after any dose, irritability, vomiting or diarrhea incidence 0 to 42 days after any dose. Vaccine virus shedding among vaccine recipients was uncommon. Among S/B vaccine groups, proportions of infants with a greater than or equal to3-fold titer rise from baseline to Postdose 3 for G1 serum-neutralizing antibody (SNA), G2 SNA, WC3 SNA, serum anti-RV IgA, serum anti-RV IgG and stool anti-RV IgA were generally similar to those of the prefed non-S/B group. Conclusions. HRRV with a new S/B was generally well-tolerated; immunogenicity was generally similar to the prefed non-S/B group. No intussusception cases were reported, but the small sample size precluded a definitive conclusion. A large international clinical study is under way to address safety and efficacy of an S/B formulation of a pentavalent version of HRRV. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Merck & Co Inc, West Point, PA USA. Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Med Res Associates Utah Inc, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Canton Pediat Inc, Canton, OH USA. Ctr Pediat Res, Norfolk, VA USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Durham, NC USA. RP Clark, HF (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. OI Dennehy, Penelope/0000-0002-2259-5370 NR 29 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 22 IS 10 BP 914 EP 920 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000091887.48999.77 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 733XH UT WOS:000186025600011 PM 14551493 ER PT J AU Terebuh, P Uyeki, T Fukuda, K AF Terebuh, P Uyeki, T Fukuda, K TI Impact of influenza on young children and the shaping of United States influenza vaccine policy SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st European Influenza Conference CY OCT, 2002 CL ST JULIANS, MALTA DE influenza; children; pediatric; vaccination policy ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; EPIDEMIC INFLUENZA; VIRUS INFECTIONS; INFANTS; ANTIBODY; HOUSTON; AGE; HOSPITALIZATIONS; IMMUNIZATION; PROTECTION AB Background. In 2002 the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) began encouraging annual influenza vaccination of children 6 to 23 months of age, when feasible. Methods. Literature and issues related to annual influenza vaccination of young children were reviewed. Results. The ACIP first encouraged influenza vaccination of children 6 to 23 months of age in 2002 because recent studies showed that influenza-related hospital admissions were substantially higher among healthy children <2 years than among healthy older children or young adults. However, the ACIP deferred a full recommendation for several reasons, including limited safety and efficacy data on trivalent inactivated influenza virus in the 6- to 23-month age group, the need for more education of parents and physicians and concerns over the stability and adequacy of the vaccine supply. Conclusions. The risk of hospital admission from influenza-related causes is high in young children and similar to the risk in the elderly and other high risk groups for whom annual influenza vaccination is already recommended. Data from additional studies, especially those on vaccine safety and efficacy, will be important for proceeding to a full recommendation for annual influenza vaccination of children 6 to 23 months. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fukuda, K (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Epidemiol Program Off, Mailstop A32,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 22 IS 10 SU S BP S231 EP S235 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 734RH UT WOS:000186070500009 PM 14551482 ER PT J AU Bohlke, K Davis, RL Marcy, SM Braun, MM DeStefano, F Black, SB Mullooly, JP Thompson, RS AF Bohlke, K Davis, RL Marcy, SM Braun, MM DeStefano, F Black, SB Mullooly, JP Thompson, RS CA Vaccine Safety Datalink Team TI Risk of anaphylaxis after vaccination of children and adolescents SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE anaphylaxis; vaccination; vaccine adverse reactions ID HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION; TETANUS AB Objective. To quantify the risk of anaphylaxis after vaccination of children and adolescents. Methods. The study population consisted of children and adolescents who were enrolled at 4 health maintenance organizations that participated in the Vaccine Safety Datalink Project. For the period 1991-1997, we identified potential cases by searching for occurrences of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) code 995.0 (anaphylactic shock), E948.0 through E948.9 (adverse reaction from bacterial vaccines), and E949.0 through E949.9 (adverse reaction from other vaccines and biological substances). At 1 study site, we also included a range of other allergy codes. We restricted to diagnoses on days 0 to 2 after vaccination (ICD-9 995.0) or day 0 (all other ICD-9 codes). We then reviewed the medical record to confirm the diagnosis. Results. We identified 5 cases of potentially vaccine-associated anaphylaxis after administration of 7 644 049 vaccine doses, for a risk of 0.65 cases/million doses (95% confidence interval: 0.21-1.53). None of the episodes resulted in death. Vaccines that were administered before the anaphylactic episodes were generally given in combination and included measles-mumps-rubella, hepatitis B, diphtheria-tetanus, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and oral polio vaccine. One case of anaphylaxis followed measles-mumps-rubella vaccine alone. At the site at which we reviewed additional allergy codes, we identified 1 case after 653 990 vaccine doses, for a risk of 1.53 cases/million doses (95% confidence interval: 0.04-8.52). Conclusions. Patients and health care providers can be reassured that vaccine-associated anaphylaxis is a rare event. Nevertheless, providers should be prepared to provide immediate medical treatment should it occur. C1 Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Dept Prevent Care, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Kaiser Fdn Hosp, Panorama City, CA USA. US FDA, Div Epidemiol, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. No Calif Kaiser Permanente, Pediat Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. NW Kaiser Permanente, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. RP Bohlke, K (reprint author), Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, 1730 Minor Ave,Ste 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NR 21 TC 150 Z9 163 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 112 IS 4 BP 815 EP 820 DI 10.1542/peds.112.4.815 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 727NV UT WOS:000185665700023 PM 14523172 ER PT J AU Szilagyi, PG Iwane, MK Schaffer, S Humiston, SG Barth, R McInerny, T Shone, L Schwartz, B AF Szilagyi, PG Iwane, MK Schaffer, S Humiston, SG Barth, R McInerny, T Shone, L Schwartz, B TI Potential burden of universal influenza vaccination of young children on visits to primary care practices SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE universal child influenza vaccination; visit burden; pediatric primary care ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; VIRUS-INFECTIONS; UNDERLYING CONDITIONS; EXACERBATE ASTHMA; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION; RATES; COMMUNITY; COVERAGE AB Objective. To estimate the additional number of visits to primary care practices that would be required to deliver universal influenza vaccination to 6- to 23-month-old children. Methods. Children who were covered by commercial and Medicaid managed care plans (70% of children in the region; >8000 children in each of 3 consecutive influenza seasons) in the 6- county region surrounding and including Rochester, New York, were studied. An analysis was conducted of insurance claims for visits (well-child care [WCC]; all other visits) to primary care practices during 3 consecutive influenza vaccination seasons (1998-2001). We determined the proportion of children who made 1 or 2 visits during the potential influenza vaccination period, simulating several possible lengths of time available for influenza vaccination (2, 3, 4, or 5 months). We measured the proportion of children who were vaccinated during each influenza vaccination period. The added visit burden was defined as the number of additional visits that would be required to vaccinate all children, simulating 2 scenarios: 1) administering influenza vaccination only during WCC visits and 2) considering all visits as opportunities for influenza vaccination. Results. Results were similar for each influenza season. Considering a 3-month influenza vaccination window and assuming that no opportunities were missed, if only WCC visits were used for influenza vaccination, then 74% of 6- to 23-month-olds would require at least 1 additional visit for vaccination-39% would require 1 additional visit and 35% would require 2 additional visits. If all visits to the practice were used for influenza vaccination during the 3-month window, then 46% would require at least 1 additional visit-34% would require 1 additional visit and 12% would require 2 additional visits. Longer vaccination periods would require fewer additional visits; eg, if a 4-month period were available, then 54% of children would require 1 or 2 additional visits if only WCC visits were used and 29% would require 1 or 2 additional visits if all visits were used for influenza vaccinations. Younger children (eg, 6- to 11-month-olds) would require fewer additional visits than older children (12- to 23-month-olds) because younger children already have more visits to primary care practices. Conclusions. Implementation of universal influenza vaccination will result in a substantial increased burden to primary care practices in terms of additional visits for influenza vaccination. Practice-level strategies to minimize the additional burden include 1) using all visits (not just WCC visits) as opportunities for vaccination, 2) providing influenza vaccination for the maximum possible time period by starting to vaccinate as early as possible and continuing to vaccinate as late as possible, and 3) implementing short and efficient vaccination-only visits to accommodate the many additional visits to the practice. C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Strong Childrens Tes Ctr,New Vaccine Surveillance, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Emergency Med, Strong Childrens Tes Ctr,New Vaccine Surveillance, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Szilagyi, PG (reprint author), Strong Mem Hosp, Dept Pediat, Box 632, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. OI Schaffer, Stanley/0000-0001-7993-1374 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U38YCCU217969-01] NR 62 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 112 IS 4 BP 821 EP 828 DI 10.1542/peds.112.4.821 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 727NV UT WOS:000185665700024 PM 14523173 ER PT J AU Peter, G Arvin, AM Davis, JP Decker, MD Pasteur, A Fast, P Guerra, FA Helms, CM Hinman, AR Katz, R Klein, JO Koslap-Petraco, MB Paradiso, PR Schaffner, W Whitley-Williams, PN Williamson, DE AF Peter, G Arvin, AM Davis, JP Decker, MD Pasteur, A Fast, P Guerra, FA Helms, CM Hinman, AR Katz, R Klein, JO Koslap-Petraco, MB Paradiso, PR Schaffner, W Whitley-Williams, PN Williamson, DE CA Natl Vaccine Advisory Comm TI Standards for child and adolescent immunization practices SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID VACCINATION COVERAGE; CLINICS; IMPACT C1 Natl Vaccine Advisory Comm, Providence, RI USA. RP Peter, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Resource Ctr, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 112 IS 4 BP 958 EP 963 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 727NV UT WOS:000185665700043 ER PT J AU Bardenheier, B Gonzalez, IM Washington, ML Bell, BP Averhoff, F Massoudi, MS Hyams, I Simard, EP Yusuf, H AF Bardenheier, B Gonzalez, IM Washington, ML Bell, BP Averhoff, F Massoudi, MS Hyams, I Simard, EP Yusuf, H TI Parental knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with not receiving hepatitis a vaccine in a demonstration project in Butte County, California SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE hepatitis A; knowledge, attitudes, and practices; vaccination ID COMMUNITY-WIDE OUTBREAK; UNITED-STATES; CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION; CHILDREN; BARRIERS; COVERAGE; PROGRAM AB Objective. To determine hepatitis A vaccination coverage and factors associated with not receiving hepatitis A vaccine among children. Methods. A random cluster sample survey was conducted of parents of children who attended kindergarten in Butte County, California, in 2000. Because of a history of recurrent epidemics, an aggressive hepatitis A vaccination program was ongoing during the time this study was conducted. Receipt of 1 or 2 doses of hepatitis A vaccine was studied. Results. Of 896 surveys sent, 648 (72%) were completed. The vaccination coverage for at least 1 dose of hepatitis A vaccine was 398 (62%) and for 2 doses was 272 (42%). Factors associated with not receiving the vaccine included lack of provider recommendation ( vs having recommendation; odds ratio [OR]: 7.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.9-12.2), not having heard of the vaccine (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.2-4.9), and parent's not perceiving child is likely to get hepatitis A ( vs perceiving child might get disease; OR: 2.1; CI: 1.6-2.9). Conclusions. Vaccination coverage among kindergartners did not reach high levels (ie, >90%), despite aggressive vaccination efforts in this community. Lack of provider recommendation and lack of parental awareness of hepatitis A vaccine were the 2 most significant factors associated with failure to receive vaccine. These findings will facilitate the development of vaccination strategies for communities in which hepatitis A vaccination is recommended. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Data Management Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Butte Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Oroville, CA USA. RP Bardenheier, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Simard, Edgar/G-4552-2010 OI Simard, Edgar/0000-0001-8093-2067 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 112 IS 4 BP E269 EP E274 DI 10.1542/peds.112.4.e269 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 727NV UT WOS:000185665700004 PM 14523210 ER PT J AU Zhang, Q Weyant, R Steigerwalt, AG White, LA Melcher, U Bruton, BD Pair, SD Mitchell, FL Fletcher, J AF Zhang, Q Weyant, R Steigerwalt, AG White, LA Melcher, U Bruton, BD Pair, SD Mitchell, FL Fletcher, J TI Genotyping of Serratia marcescens strains associated with cucurbit yellow vine disease by repetitive elements-based polymerase chain reaction and DNA-DNA hybridization SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PCR; BACTERIUM; SQUASH; CROWN AB The bacterium that causes cucurbit yellow vine disease (CYVD) has been placed in the species Serratia marcescens based on 16S rDNA and groE sequence analysis. However, phenotypic comparison of the organism with S. marcescens strains isolated from a variety of ecological niches showed significant heterogeneity. In this study, we compared the genomic DNA of S. marcescens strains from different niches as well as type strains of other Serratia spp. through repetitive elements-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) and DNA-DNA hybridization. With the former, CYVD strains showed identical banding patterns despite the fact that they were from different cucurbit hosts, geographic locations, and years of isolation. In the phylogenetic trees generated from rep-PCR banding patterns, CYVD strains clearly were differentiated from other strains but formed a loosely related group with S. marcescens strains from other niches. The homogeneity of CYVD strains was supported further by the DNA relatedness study, in that labeled DNA from the cantaloupe isolate, C01-A, showed an average relative binding ratio (RBR) of 99%, and 0.33% divergence to other CYVD strains. Used as a representative strain of CYVD, the labeled C01-A had a RBR of 76%, and a 4.5% divergence to the S. marcescens type strain. These data confirm the previous placement of CYVD strains in S. marcescens. Our investigations, including rep-PCR, DNA-DNA hybridization, and previous phenotyping experiments, have demonstrated that CYVD-associated strains of S. marcescens cluster together in a group significantly different from other strains of the species. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. RP Fletcher, J (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RI Melcher, Ulrich/E-7160-2010 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2003 VL 93 IS 10 BP 1240 EP 1246 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.10.1240 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 724AZ UT WOS:000185465300007 PM 18944323 ER PT J AU Archer, SL Hilner, JE Dyer, AR Greenlund, KJ Colangelo, LA Kiefe, CI Liu, K AF Archer, SL Hilner, JE Dyer, AR Greenlund, KJ Colangelo, LA Kiefe, CI Liu, K TI Association of education with dietary intake among young adults in the bi-ethnic Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE education; dietary choices; nutrient intakes ID HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; SOCIAL-CLASS; DETERMINANTS; HEALTH; INEQUALITIES; CONSUMPTION; CHOLESTEROL; PATTERNS; QUALITY AB Objective: To examine associations of changes in dietary intake with education in young black and white men and women. Design: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDlA) study, a multi-centre population-based prospective study. Dietary intake data at baseline and year 7 were obtained from an extensive nutritionist-administered diet history questionnaire with 700 items developed for CARDIA. Setting: Participants were recruited in 1985-1986 from four sites: Birmingham, Alabama; Chicago, Illinois; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Oakland, California. Subjects: Participants were from a general community sample of 703 black men (BM), 1006 black women (BW), 963 white men (WM) and 1054 white women (WW) who were aged 18-30 years at baseline. Analyses here include data for baseline (1985-1986) and year 7 (1992-1993). Results: Most changes in dietary intake were observed among those with high education (greater than or equal to12 years) at both examinations. There was a significant decrease in intake of energy from saturated fat and cholesterol and a significant increase in energy from starch for each race-gender group (P < 0.001). Regardless of education, taste was considered an important influence on food choice. Conclusion: The inverse relationship of education with changes in saturated fat and cholesterol intakes suggests that national public health campaigns may have a greater impact among those with more education. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Archer, SL (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Feinberg Sch Med, 680 N Lake Shore Dr 1102, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RI Archer, Stephen/C-3621-2013 NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 6 IS 7 BP 689 EP 695 DI 10.1079/PHN2003488 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 736ZN UT WOS:000186204300010 PM 14552670 ER PT J AU Grajewski, B Nguyen, MM Whelan, EA Cole, RJ Hein, MJ AF Grajewski, B Nguyen, MM Whelan, EA Cole, RJ Hein, MJ TI Measuring and identifying large-study metrics for circadian rhythm disruption in female flight attendants SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE aerospace medicine; circadian rhythm; jet lag syndrome; melatonin; sleep disorders circadian rhythm; work schedule tolerance ID NIGHT-SHIFT WORK; MELATONIN SECRETION; SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; CORTISOL; LIGHT; TIME; TEMPERATURE; PATTERNS; SYSTEM; WOMEN AB Objectives Flight attendants can experience circadian rhythm disruption due to travel through multiple time zones. The objectives of this study were to determine whether flight attendants are more likely than teachers (comparison group) to experience circadian disruption, as measured by melatonin production, and to identify metrics of circadian disruption for epidemiologic studies of reproductive health in which biomonitoring is infeasible. Methods Each day, for one menstrual cycle, 45 flight attendants and 26 teachers kept a daily diary, collected and measured their overnight urine, and wore an activity monitor to assess sleep displacement. The relation between melatonin production and flight attendant and teacher status was analyzed with linear and multiple logistic regression. The relation between sleep displacement, melatonin, and flight-history-derived variables (including time zones crossed) were examined with exploratory factor analyses. Results Flight attendants experience increased circadian disruption, as measured by a higher adjusted melatonin rate variance, than teachers [2.8 x 10(5) versus 1.0 x 10(5) (ng/hour)(2), respectively; P=0.04] and are more likely to be in the highest quartile of melatonin variance (odds ratio 2.3; 95 % confidence interval 0.6-9.1). In the factor analysis, the number of time zones crossed was related to both melatonin desynchronization and sleep displacement. Conclusion: Flight attendants experience increased circadian disruption, as measured by more variable melatonin rates, than a minimally flying comparison group. For epiderniologic studies of flight crews in which melatonin measurement is infeasible, the number of time zones crossed is a useful indicator of both sleep displacement and melatonin desynchronization. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Synchrony Appl Hlth Sci, Del Mar, CA USA. RP Grajewski, B (reprint author), NIOSH, R-13,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 35 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PD OCT PY 2003 VL 29 IS 5 BP 337 EP 346 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 733TN UT WOS:000186016900003 PM 14584514 ER PT J AU Kerani, RP Golden, MR Whittington, WLH Handsfield, HH Hogben, M Holmes, KK AF Kerani, RP Golden, MR Whittington, WLH Handsfield, HH Hogben, M Holmes, KK TI Spatial bridges for the importation of gonorrhea and chlamydial infection SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; SEXUAL NETWORKS; DECREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY; UNITED-STATES; SPREAD; MEN; HIV; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PARTNERSHIP; PREVALENCE AB A study of heterosexuals with gonorrhea and/or chlamydial infection in King County, Washington, found that 5.2% of study participants had both local and geographically distant sex partners in the 60 days before diagnosis. Individuals who served as spatial bridges were of higher socioeconomic status and older than other patients. Background. Sexual mixing between distant geographic areas (spatial bridging) is important in the spread of antimicrobial resistance and new sexually transmitted disease pathogens. Goal. The goal was to define the extent of sexual mixing between persons with gonorrhea or chlamydial infection in King County, Washington, and persons outside the Seattle area, and to identify characteristics of persons and partnerships associated with spatial bridging. Methods: Patients contacted for purposes of partner notification were interviewed regarding demographics, sexual behavior, and the characteristics of their sex partners. Results: Of 2912 participants, 150 (5.2%) were spatial bridgers. Bridgers were of higher socioeconomic status than nonbridgers and more often reported concurrent partnerships. Over a 39-month period, bridgers and potential bridgers linked King County with 35 states and 13 foreign countries. Conclusion: Spatial bridging could represent an important channel of transmission between geographic areas. These results highlight the need for linkage of prevention efforts across geographic boundaries. C1 Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Ctr AIDS & STD, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kerani, RP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Ctr AIDS & STD, Box 359931,325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [5T32 AI07140-24, K23 AI01846-02]; ODCDC CDC HHS [H25/CCH004375]; PHS HHS [U19AU31448] NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 30 IS 10 BP 742 EP 749 DI 10.1097/01.OLQ.0000092351.75454.41 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 728LZ UT WOS:000185719800002 PM 14520171 ER PT J AU Aral, SO Foxman, B AF Aral, SO Foxman, B TI Spatial mixing and bridging - Risk factors for what? SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; SPREAD; NETWORKS; PATTERNS; REINTRODUCTION; TRANSMISSION; ELIMINATION; POPULATIONS; PREVALENCE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr STD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ctr Mol & Clin Epidemiol Infect Dis, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV, 600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Foxman, Betsy/0000-0001-6682-238X NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 30 IS 10 BP 750 EP 751 DI 10.1097/01.OLQ.0000092342.46668.EB PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 728LZ UT WOS:000185719800003 PM 14520172 ER PT J AU Adams, AL Becker, TM Lapidus, JA Modesitt, SK Lehman, JS Loveless, MO AF Adams, AL Becker, TM Lapidus, JA Modesitt, SK Lehman, JS Loveless, MO TI HIV infection risk, behaviors, and attitudes about testing - Are perceptions changing? SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEX; PREVENTION; AIDS; MEN AB Background. People at high risk for HIV infection could be increasing their risk behaviors, especially now that improved treatments for HIV infection are available. Goal: The goal was to investigate whether risk behaviors, perceptions of personal risk for HIV infection, and attitudes toward HIV testing among high-risk persons in Oregon differed in 1996 and 1998. Study Design: Data from the HIV Testing Survey (HITS), a cross-sectional survey administered to HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM), heterosexual adults at high-risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STD), and intravenous drug users (IDUs) at high risk for HIV infection in 1996 (HITS-I), were compared with data from a similar group surveyed in 1998 (HITS-II). Results: Proportions of participants reporting specific risk behaviors remained relatively constant in 1996 and 1998. Personal risk of HIV infection was perceived as low by 54% of HITS-II participants and 61.2% of HITS-I participants (odds ratio [OR], 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9-1.7). IDUs in HITS-II were more likely than IDUs in HITS-I to perceive their risk as low (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2-3.7). Conclusion: Persons at high risk might underestimate their risk for HIV infection while practicing risky behaviors. The prevalence of risk behaviors in these populations could be considered the baseline against which to measure future prevention efforts. C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Ctr Policy & Res Emergency Med, Dept Emergency Med, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Oregon Hlth Div, HIV STD TB Program, Portland, OR USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Adams, AL (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Ctr Policy & Res Emergency Med, Dept Emergency Med, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk Rd,CR114, Portland, OR 97239 USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 30 IS 10 BP 764 EP 768 DI 10.1097/01.OLQ.000078824.33076.45 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 728LZ UT WOS:000185719800006 PM 14520175 ER PT J AU Alary, M Lowndes, CM Mukenge-Tshibaka, L Gnintoungbe, CAB Bedard, E Geraldo, N Jossou, P Lafia, E Bernier, F Baganizi, E Joly, JR Frost, E Anagonou, S AF Alary, M Lowndes, CM Mukenge-Tshibaka, L Gnintoungbe, CAB Bedard, E Geraldo, N Jossou, P Lafia, E Bernier, F Baganizi, E Joly, JR Frost, E Anagonou, S TI Sexually transmitted infections in male clients of female sex workers in Benin: risk factors and reassessment of the leucocyte esterase dipstick for screening of urethral infections SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID DISTANCE TRUCK DRIVERS; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; VAGINAL DISCHARGE; URINE SPECIMENS; HIV-INFECTION; WEST-AFRICA; MEN; DIAGNOSIS; PREVALENCE AB Objectives: ( 1) To assess risk factors for urethral infections with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis among male clients of female sex workers (FSWs) in Benin; ( 2) to study the validity of LED testing of male urine samples compared to a highly sensitive gold standard (PCR) for the diagnosis of urethral infections with the organisms cited above. Methods: Male clients of FSWs ( n = 404) were recruited on site at prostitution venues in Cotonou, Benin, between 28 May and 18 August 1998. A urine sample was obtained from each participant just before he visited the FSW, and tested immediately using a leucocyte esterase dipstick ( LED) test. It was then tested for HIV using the Calypte EIA with western blot confirmation, and for C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae, and T vaginalis by PCR. After leaving the FSW's room, participants were interviewed about demographics, sexual behaviour, STI history and current symptoms and signs, and were examined for urethral discharge, genital ulcers, and inguinal lymphadenopathies. Results: STI prevalences were: C trachomatis, 2.7%; N gonorrhoeae, 5.4%; either chlamydia or gonorrhoea 7.7%; T vaginalis 2.7%; HIV, 8.4%. Lack of condom use with FSWs and a history of STI were independently associated with C trachomatis and/or N gonorrhoeae infection. Over 80% of these infections were in asymptomatic subjects. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the LED test for detection of either C trachomatis or N gonorrhoeae were 48.4%, 94.9%, 44.1%, and 95.7%, respectively. In symptomatic participants ( n = 22), all these parameters were 100% while they were 47.4%, 94.7%, 37.5%, and 96.4% in asymptomatic men ( n = 304). Conclusions: Since most STIs are asymptomatic in this population, case finding programmes for gonorrhoea and chlamydia could be useful. The performance characteristics of the LED test in this study suggest that it could be useful to detect asymptomatic infection by either C trachomatis or N gonorrhoeae in high risk men. C1 Univ Quebec, Ctr Hosp Affilie, Unite Rech Sante Populat, Quebec City, PQ G1S 4L8, Canada. Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Ctr Communicable Dis Surveillance, HIV & STI Div, London NW9 5EQ, England. Projet SIDA 3 Benin, Cotonou, Benin. Ctr Sante Circonscript Urbaine, Dispensaire MST, Cotonou 1, Benin. Univ Natl Benin, Fac Sci Sante, Cotonou, Benin. Programme Natl Lutte Sida & MST, Cotonou, Benin. Hema Quebec, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Lab Sante Publ Quebec, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada. Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Microbiol, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. RP Alary, M (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Ctr Hosp Affilie, Unite Rech Sante Populat, 1050 Chemin St Foy, Quebec City, PQ G1S 4L8, Canada. OI Frost, Eric/0000-0001-8958-4388 NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 79 IS 5 BP 388 EP 392 DI 10.1136/sti.79.5.388 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 735JV UT WOS:000186110900009 PM 14573834 ER PT J AU Ethier, KA Kershaw, T Niccolai, L Lewis, JB Ickovics, JR AF Ethier, KA Kershaw, T Niccolai, L Lewis, JB Ickovics, JR TI Adolescent women underestimate their susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID AIDS TRANSMISSION; HIV-INFECTION; RISK BEHAVIOR; STDS AB Objectives: Adolescent females are at significant risk for sexually transmitted infections (STI) and may not accurately incorporate indicators of risk into their perceptions of susceptibility. The objectives of the current analyses were to: ( 1) examine the relation between perceived susceptibility and indicators of risk; and ( 2) investigate the relation between perceived susceptibility and actual STI diagnosis. Methods: Participants were 209 sexually active adolescent females. Indicators of STI risk included STI history, recent symptoms, and sexual risk behaviour ( that is, recent unprotected sex and numbers of sexual partners). Chlamydia and gonorrhoea infection were assessed at baseline, 6, and 12 months post-baseline using urine based ligase chain reaction testing. Results: Most participants perceived little or no chance that they would be diagnosed with an STI in the following year. There was no relation between almost all STI indicators and perceptions of susceptibility. Among those receiving a positive chlamydia or gonorrhoea test (n = 49) at baseline or in the year following, almost all ( 81.3%) had perceived themselves to be at little or no risk. Conclusion: The adolescent females in this sample did not accurately perceive their susceptibility to STI. They must be enabled to more effectively assess and modify their risk. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Ethier, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E44, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [P01 MH/DA 56826-01A1] NR 12 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 5 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 79 IS 5 BP 408 EP 411 DI 10.1136/sti.79.5.408 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 735JV UT WOS:000186110900013 PM 14573838 ER PT J AU Ruebush, TK Levin, A Gonzaga, V Neyra, D Marquino, W AF Ruebush, TK Levin, A Gonzaga, V Neyra, D Marquino, W TI Evaluation of a simple operational approach for monitoring resistance to antimalarial drugs in Peru SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE surveillance; antimalarial drug resistance; Peru ID PLASMODIUM-VIVAX; CHLOROQUINE AB Since 1994, the Peruvian Malaria Control Program has used a simplified operational approach for monitoring antimalarial drug efficacy, in which blood smears are taken 7 and 14 days after treatment from all patients diagnosed with malaria at Ministry of Health facilities. The proportion of patients with parasitaemia on one of their return visits provides an indication of the efficacy of the drug being administered. We compared this approach for antimalarial drug resistance monitoring to the more labour-intensive and expensive World Health Organization (WHO) 14-day in vivo efficacy trial at six sites in the Amazon Basin and the north coast of Peru. Although the proportion of treatment failures at 7 and 14 days identified by the operational monitoring system was considerably lower than the results of the WHO in vivo efficacy test, the operational approach did accurately reflect the overall efficacy or lack of efficacy of the drugs being evaluated. Differences in the results of the two methods were greatest in the Peruvian Amazon region, where fully supervised treatment and patient follow-up is very difficult due to the widely dispersed population. While the operational approach cannot be considered an alternative to WHO in vivo testing for evaluating the efficacy of antimalarial drugs or for recommending changes in malaria treatment policy, if treatment is supervised and follow-up blood smears taken as scheduled, this method could serve as a simple, inexpensive and sustainable early warning system for reduced drug efficacy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. USN Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. Programa Control Malaria & Otras Enfermedads Meta, Lima, Peru. Inst Nacl Salud, Lima 11, Peru. RP Ruebush, TK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD OCT PY 2003 VL 8 IS 10 BP 910 EP 916 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2003.01106.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 727BD UT WOS:000185635400009 PM 14516302 ER PT J AU Chen, H Matsuoka, Y Swayne, D Chen, Q Cox, NJ Murphy, BR Subbarao, K AF Chen, H Matsuoka, Y Swayne, D Chen, Q Cox, NJ Murphy, BR Subbarao, K TI Generation and characterization of a cold-adapted influenza A H9N2 reassortant as a live pandemic influenza virus vaccine candidate SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE live attenuated vaccines; influenza H9N2; pandemic influenza vaccines ID HONG-KONG; H5N1 VIRUSES; POULTRY; INFECTION; HUMANS; ATTENUATION; CHILDREN; INFANTS; GENES; MICE AB H9N2 subtype influenza A viruses have been identified in avian species worldwide and were isolated from humans in 1999, raising concerns about their pandernic potential and prompting the development of candidate vaccines to protect humans against this subtype of influenza A virus. Reassortant H1N1 and H3N2 human influenza A viruses with the internal genes of the influenza A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) (AA) cold-adapted (ca) virus have proven to be attenuated and safe as live virus vaccines in humans. Using classical genetic reassortment, we generated a reassortant virus (G9/AA ca) that contains the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes from influenza A/chicken/Hong Kong/G9/97 (H9N2) (G9) and six internal gene segments from the AA ca virus. When administered intranasally, the reassortant virus was immunogenic and protected mice from subsequent challenge with wild-type H9N2 viruses, although it was restricted in replication in the respiratory tract of mice. The G9/AA ca virus bears properties that are desirable in a vaccine for humans and is available for clinical evaluation and use, should the need arise. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 CDC, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Subbarao, K (reprint author), CDC, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 53 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 27-30 BP 4430 EP 4436 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)0043004 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 747XF UT WOS:000186830800042 PM 14505926 ER PT J AU Boylan, JA Posey, JE Gherardini, FC AF Boylan, JA Posey, JE Gherardini, FC TI Borrelia oxidative stress response regulator, BosR: A distinctive Zn-dependent transcriptional activator SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; METAL-IONS; BURGDORFERI AB The ability of a pathogen to cause infection depends on successful colonization of the host, which, in turn, requires adaptation to various challenges presented by that host. For example, host immune cells use a variety of mechanisms to control infection by bacterial pathogens, including the production of bactericidal reactive oxygen species. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have developed ways of protecting themselves against this oxidative damage; for instance, Borrelia burgdorferi alters the expression of oxidative-stress-related proteins, such as a Dps/Dpr homolog NapA (BB0690), in response to increasing levels of oxygen and reactive oxygen species. These stress-related genes appear to be regulated by a putative metal-dependent DNA-binding protein (BB0647) that has 50.7% similarity to the peroxide-specific stress response repressor of Bacillus subtilis, PerR. We overexpressed and purified this protein from Escherichia coli and designated it Borrelia oxidative stress regulator, BosR. BosR bound to a 50-nt region 180 bp upstream of the napA transcriptional start site and required DTT and Zn2+ for optimal binding. Unlike the Bacillus subtilis PerR repressor, BosR did not require Fe2+ and Mn2+ for binding, and oxidizing agents, such as t-butyl peroxide, enhanced, not eliminated, BosR binding to the napA promoter region. Surprisingly, transcriptional fusion analysis indicated that BosR exerted a positive regulatory effect on napA that is inducible with t-butyl peroxide. On the basis of these data, we propose that, despite the similarity to PerR, BosR functions primarily as a transcriptional activator, not a repressor of oxidative stress response, in B. burgdorferi. C1 NIAID, NIH, Rocky Mt Labs, Lab Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. TB Brach, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gherardini, FC (reprint author), NIAID, NIH, Rocky Mt Labs, Lab Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, 904 S 4th St, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. NR 17 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 30 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 20 BP 11684 EP 11689 DI 10.1073/pnas.2032956100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 727XG UT WOS:000185685700091 PM 12975527 ER PT J AU Freel, SA Fiscus, SA Pilcher, CD Menezes, P Giner, J Patrick, E Lennox, JL Hicks, CB Eron, JJ Shugars, DC AF Freel, SA Fiscus, SA Pilcher, CD Menezes, P Giner, J Patrick, E Lennox, JL Hicks, CB Eron, JJ Shugars, DC TI Envelope diversity, coreceptor usage and syncytium-inducing phenotype of HIV-1 variants in saliva and blood during primary infection SO AIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infection CY FEB 24-28, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON DE primary HIV infection; envelope; sequence heterogeneity; heteroduplex tracking assay; syncytium-inducing phenotype; oral fluids ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HETERODUPLEX TRACKING ASSAY; TYPE-1 INFECTION; SEQUENCE HETEROGENEITY; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; V3 LOOP; EVOLUTION; INDIVIDUALS; VARIABILITY AB Objective: To determine whether oral fluids can serve as a model for studying HIV-1 shedding, we compared the genetic diversity, coreceptor use, and syncytium-inducing (SI) phenotype of viral variants in saliva and blood during primary HIV-1 infection. Design: Observational cross-sectional cohort study. Methods: Blood plasma and saliva were sampled from 17 men early in primary HIV-1 infection. Viral diversity, predicted X4/R5 genotype and SI phenotype in samples were determined by heteroduplex tracking assays (HTAs) targeting the V1/N2 and V3 gp120 regions, sequence analyses and MT-2 cell assay. Results: Identical or very similar HTA banding and deduced amino acid sequence patterns in the V1/V2 and V3-encoding regions were observed between paired fluids of each subject. As assessed by V1/V2 HTA, 10 subjects had a single major viral variant and seven subjects exhibited multiple yet highly related variants. Two subjects had V1/V2 variants in blood that were identical to saliva but present in different relative abundances. A sexual transmission pair exhibited genetically dissimilar variants, suggesting transmission of a minor variant or rapid evolution during initial viremia. All subjects harbored R5 non-SI variants. Conclusions: Relatively homogenous viral populations detected in plasma and saliva prior to seroconversion suggests that HIV-1 is disseminated to oral fluids early in infection and reflects the quasispecies in blood. These findings suggest that the oral cavity may serve as an easily accessible surrogate model for studying the dynamics of HIV-1 shedding at mucosal sites. (C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dent Res Ctr 311, Sch Dent, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Shugars, DC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dent Res Ctr 311, Sch Dent, CB 7455, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RI Lennox, Jeffrey/D-1654-2014 OI Lennox, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2064-5565 FU NIAID NIH HHS [K24AI01608, P30-AI12121, 5P30-AI28662, AI07001, 9P30-AI50410, K23AI01781]; NIDCR NIH HHS [DE13603] NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP 26 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 14 BP 2025 EP 2033 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000076324.42412.e8 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 733NV UT WOS:000186008300003 PM 14502005 ER PT J AU Bertolli, J Hu, DJ Nieburg, P Macalalad, A Simonds, RJ AF Bertolli, J Hu, DJ Nieburg, P Macalalad, A Simonds, RJ TI Decision analysis to guide choice of interventions to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; perinatal transmission; breastfeeding; decision analysis ID LESS-DEVELOPED-COUNTRIES; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; ORAL ZIDOVUDINE; CLINICAL-TRIAL; COTE-DIVOIRE; INFANT; INFECTION; MORTALITY; COHORT AB Introduction: Antiretroviral prophylaxis, avoidance of breastfeeding, and early weaning are candidates to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV worldwide. Methods: We developed a model to help guide population-level decisions about MTCT intervention strategies. We estimated the numbers of early childhood deaths prevented by (1) prenatal short-course zidovudine, (2) intrapartum and neonatal shortcourse nevirapine, (3) avoidance of breastfeeding, and (4) early weaning (age 6 months); four combinations of these; and one possible future strategy (postnatal antiretroviral prophylaxis) in a scenario typical of a developing country. We evaluated the effectiveness of the interventions for a range of R, the relative risk of mortality for children exposed to breastfeeding interventions compared with breastfed children (independent of HIV infection). We also estimated the reduction in breastfeeding transmission needed for a postnatal antiretroviral intervention to prevent more early childhood deaths than do currently available interventions. Results: Where R less than or equal to 1.5, strategies combining antiretroviral prophylaxis with breastfeeding interventions prevent the most early childhood deaths. However, strategies that include early weaning and avoidance of breastfeeding, respectively, can result in more deaths than with no intervention when R > 1.5 and R > 1.9, respectively. The relative effectiveness of a postnatal antiretroviral intervention compared with avoidance of breastfeeding varies with R, such that an intervention would be more effective than early weaning as a single intervention, at any R, if it reduced HIV transmission through breastfeeding by 25%. Conclusion: This spreadsheet model is a simple, locally adaptable too[ to allow decision-makers to explore key questions about intervention strategies to prevent MTCT of HIV. (C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TD Prevent, Off Director, Prevent Support Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bertolli, J (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TD Prevent, Off Director, Prevent Support Off, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP 26 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 14 BP 2089 EP 2098 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000076316.76477.a0 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 733NV UT WOS:000186008300010 PM 14502012 ER PT J AU B'Hymer, C Cheever, KL Butler, MA Brown, KK AF B'Hymer, C Cheever, KL Butler, MA Brown, KK TI Procedure for the quantification of the biomarker (2-methoxyethoxy) acetic acid in human urine samples SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE (2-methoxyethoxy)acetic acid ID GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ALKOXYACETIC ACIDS; ELECTRON-CAPTURE; METABOLISM; RAT; ENANTIOMERS; ACETATES; EXPOSURE; WATER AB An accurate and precise procedure was developed for the detection and quantification of (2-methoxyethoxy)acetic acid (MEAA), a metabolite and biomarker for human exposure to 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol. The compound 2-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)ethanol has a wide array of industrial applications including its use as an additive in military jet fuel. Exposure to 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol is a health concern owing to its toxicity which includes developmental and teratogenic properties. Sample preparation consisted of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and esterification of MEAA to produce the ethyl ester. Measurement was by a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a mass selective detector (MSD) using a HP-l capillary column. Recovery studies of spiked blank urine demonstrated good accuracy and precision; recovery varied between 95 and 103% with relative standard deviations of 8.6% and less. The limit of detection (LOD) for this procedure was found to range from 0.02 to 0.08 mug/ml equivalent levels of MEAA in urine. These data and other aspects of the validation of this procedure will be discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIOSH, Taft Lab, US Dept HHS, CDCP,Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP B'Hymer, C (reprint author), NIOSH, Taft Lab, US Dept HHS, CDCP,Div Appl Res & Technol, 466 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD SEP 25 PY 2003 VL 795 IS 1 BP 145 EP 150 DI 10.1016/S1570-0232(03)00552-X PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 720QA UT WOS:000185270400017 PM 12957179 ER PT J AU Pealer, LN Marfin, AA Petersen, LR Lanciotti, RS Page, PL Stramer, SL Stobierski, MG Signs, K Newman, B Kapoor, H Goodman, JL Chamberland, ME AF Pealer, LN Marfin, AA Petersen, LR Lanciotti, RS Page, PL Stramer, SL Stobierski, MG Signs, K Newman, B Kapoor, H Goodman, JL Chamberland, ME CA W Nile Virus Transmission Investig TI Transmission of West Nile virus through blood transfusion in the United States in 2002 SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; ENCEPHALITIS; EPIDEMIC; INFECTION; RISK AB BACKGROUND: During the 2002 West Nile virus epidemic in the United States, patients were identified whose West Nile virus illness was temporally associated with the receipt of transfused blood and blood components. METHODS: Patients with laboratory evidence of recent West Nile virus infection within four weeks after receipt of a blood component from a donor with viremia were considered to have a confirmed transfusion-related infection. We interviewed the donors of these components, asking them whether they had had symptoms compatible with the presence of a viral illness before or after their donation; blood specimens retained from the time of donation and collected at follow-up were tested for West Nile virus. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients were confirmed to have acquired West Nile virus through transfused leukoreduced and nonleukoreduced red cells, platelets, or fresh-frozen plasma. Of the 23 recipients, 10 (43 percent) were immunocompromised owing to transplantation or cancer and 8 (35 percent) were at least 70 years of age. Immunocompromised recipients tended to have longer incubation periods than nonimmunocompromised recipients and infected persons in mosquito-borne community outbreaks. Sixteen donors with evidence of viremia at donation were linked to the 23 infected recipients; of these donors, 9 reported viral symptoms before or after donation, 5 were asymptomatic, and 2 were lost to follow-up. Fever, new rash, and painful eyes were independently associated with being an implicated donor with viremia rather than a donor without viremia. All 16 donors were negative for West Nile virus-specific IgM antibody at donation. CONCLUSIONS: Transfused red cells, platelets, and fresh-frozen plasma can transmit West Nile virus. Screening of potential donors with the use of nucleic acid-based assays for West Nile virus may reduce this risk. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Amer Red Cross, Blood Serv, Biomed Headquarters, Washington, DC 20006 USA. Amer Red Cross, Blood Serv, Sci Support Off, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Bur Labs, Lansing, MI USA. Amer Red Cross, Blood Serv, Detroit, MI USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Pealer, LN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd,D-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 308 Z9 334 U1 1 U2 15 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 25 PY 2003 VL 349 IS 13 BP 1236 EP 1245 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa030969 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 724LJ UT WOS:000185488800006 PM 14500806 ER PT J AU Wallace, LJD Patel, R Dellinger, A AF Wallace, LJD Patel, R Dellinger, A TI Injury mortality among American Indian and Alaska native children and youth - United States, 1989-1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 697-701, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wallace, LJD (reprint author), CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 24 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 12 BP 1570 EP 1571 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 723ZK UT WOS:000185461300007 ER PT J AU Acton, KJ Burrows, NR Geiss, LS Thompson, T AF Acton, KJ Burrows, NR Geiss, LS Thompson, T TI Diabetes prevalence among American Indians and Alaska natives and the overall population - United States, 1994-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 702-704, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Indian Hlth Svc, Natl Diabet Program, Albuquerque, NM USA. CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Acton, KJ (reprint author), Indian Hlth Svc, Natl Diabet Program, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 24 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 12 BP 1571 EP 1573 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 723ZK UT WOS:000185461300008 ER PT J AU Barker, L Darling, N McCauley, M Santoli, J AF Barker, L Darling, N McCauley, M Santoli, J TI National, state, and urban area vaccination levels among children aged 19-35 months - United States, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 728-732, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID IMMUNIZATION SURVEY C1 CDC, Data Management Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Immunizat Svcs Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barker, L (reprint author), CDC, Data Management Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 24 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 12 BP 1573 EP 1574 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 723ZK UT WOS:000185461300009 ER PT J AU Little, J Khoury, MJ AF Little, J Khoury, MJ TI Mendelian randomisation: a new spin or real progress? SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE MTHFR; POPULATION STRATIFICATION; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; C677T POLYMORPHISM; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; HUMAN-GENOME; DISEASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; HOMOCYSTEINE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Aberdeen, Dept Med & Therapeut, Epidemiol Grp, Aberdeen, Scotland. RP Little, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 20 PY 2003 VL 362 IS 9388 BP 930 EP 931 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14396-6 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 724LT UT WOS:000185489600004 PM 14511923 ER PT J AU Hayes, EB Piesman, J AF Hayes, EB Piesman, J TI Preventing Lyme disease - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Hayes, EB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 18 PY 2003 VL 349 IS 12 BP 1192 EP 1192 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 722HQ UT WOS:000185369700032 ER PT J AU Cheshier, R Tu, E Glaser, C Bryant, K Arnold, K Brenner, E Montgomery, SP LaMonte, A Khetsuriani, N Pallansch, M AF Cheshier, R Tu, E Glaser, C Bryant, K Arnold, K Brenner, E Montgomery, SP LaMonte, A Khetsuriani, N Pallansch, M TI Outbreaks of aseptic meningitis associated with echoviruses 9 and 30 and preliminary surveillance reports on enterovirus activity - United States, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 761-764, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Idaho Div Hlth, Boise, ID USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cheshier, R (reprint author), Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 17 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 11 BP 1444 EP 1446 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 721RE UT WOS:000185329000008 ER PT J AU Shaw, K Stanwyck, C McCauley, M AF Shaw, K Stanwyck, C McCauley, M TI Vaccination coverage among children entering school - United States, 2002-03 school year (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 791-793, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Data Management Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shaw, K (reprint author), CDC, Data Management Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 17 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 11 BP 1446 EP 1446 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 721RE UT WOS:000185329000009 ER PT J AU Taylor, PR Qiao, YL Abnet, CC Dawsey, SM Yang, CS Gunter, EW Wang, W Blot, WJ Dong, ZW Mark, SD AF Taylor, PR Qiao, YL Abnet, CC Dawsey, SM Yang, CS Gunter, EW Wang, W Blot, WJ Dong, ZW Mark, SD TI Prospective study of serum vitamin E levels and esophageal and gastric cancers SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION INTERVENTION TRIALS; DISEASE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; CASE-COHORT; PROSPECTIVE BASEL; BETA-CAROTENE; FOLLOW-UP; RISK; SUPPLEMENTATION; MICRONUTRIENTS AB Participants in the General Population Trial, a randomized nutrition intervention trial in Linxian, China, who received a combination of selenium, beta-carotene, and vitamin E supplements, had statistically significantly lower cancer mortality rates than those who did not receive the supplements. In the current study, we used a case-cohort design to examine the association between pre-trial serum vitamin E levels and the risks of developing esophageal and gastric cancers during the trial. We measured serum alpha- and gamma-tocopherol and cholesterol levels in 1072 case patients with incident esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), gastric cardia cancer (GCC), or gastric noncardia cancer (GNCC) and in 1053 control subjects. The relative risks for comparisons of the highest to the lowest quartiles of serum alpha-tocopherol were 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.44 to 0.91) for ESCC, 0.84 (95% CI = 0.55 to 1.26) for GCC, and 2.05 (95% CI = 0.89 to 4.75) for GNCC. Serum gamma-tocopherol level was not associated with the incidence of any of these cancers. Our findings provide support for the role of alpha-tocopherol in the etiology of upper gastrointestinal cancers. C1 NCI, Canc Prevent Studies Branch, Ctr Canc Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Chinese Acad Med Sci, Inst Canc, Beijing 100021, Peoples R China. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Int Epidemiol Inst, Rockville, MD USA. RP Taylor, PR (reprint author), NCI, Canc Prevent Studies Branch, Ctr Canc Res, 6116 Execut Blvd,Rm 705, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Qiao, You-Lin/B-4139-2012; Abnet, Christian/C-4111-2015 OI Qiao, You-Lin/0000-0001-6380-0871; Abnet, Christian/0000-0002-3008-7843 NR 23 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD SEP 17 PY 2003 VL 95 IS 18 BP 1414 EP 1416 DI 10.1093/jnci/djg044 PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 722AV UT WOS:000185352900013 PM 13130117 ER PT J AU Besansky, NJ Krzywinski, J Lehmann, T Simard, F Kern, M Mukabayire, O Fontenille, D Toure, Y Sagnon, NF AF Besansky, NJ Krzywinski, J Lehmann, T Simard, F Kern, M Mukabayire, O Fontenille, D Toure, Y Sagnon, NF TI Semipermeable species boundaries between Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis: Evidence from multilocus DNA sequence variation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MALARIA VECTORS; DROSOPHILA-PSEUDOOBSCURA; POPULATION-GENETICS; CLOSE RELATIVES; COMPLEX; INTROGRESSION; EVOLUTION; LOCI; DIFFERENTIATION; MICROSATELLITE AB Attempts to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of the Anopheles gambiae cryptic species complex have yielded strongly conflicting results. In particular, An. gambiae, the primary African malaria vector, is variously placed as a sister taxon to either Anopheles arabiensis or Anopheles merus. The recent divergence times for members of this complex complicate phylogenetic analysis, making it difficult to unambiguously implicate interspecific gene flow, versus retained ancestral polymorphism, as the source of conflict. Using sequences at four unlinked loci, which were determined from multiple specimens within each of five species in the complex, we found contrasting patterns of sequence divergence between the X chromosome and the autosomes. The isolation model of speciation assumes a lack of gene flow between species since their separation. This model could not be rejected for An. gambiae and An. arabiensis, although the data fit the model poorly. On the other hand, evidence from gene trees supports genetic introgression of chromosome 2 inversions between An. gambiae and An. arabiensis, and also points to more broad scale genetic exchange of autosomal sequences between this species pair. That such exchange has been relatively recent is suggested not only by the lack of fixed differences at three autosomal loci but also by the sharing of full haplotypes at two of the three loci, which is in contrast to several fixed differences and considerably deeper divergence on the X. The proposed acquisition by An. gambiae of sequences from the more arid-adapted An. arabiensis may have contributed to the spread and ecological dominance of this malaria vector. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Ctr Trop Dis Res & Training, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Org Lutte Contre Grandes Endemies Afrique Cent, Lab Inst Rech Dev, Yaounde, Cameroon. Ecole Natl Med & Pharm, Bamako, Mali. Ctr Natl Res & Format Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. RP Besansky, NJ (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Ctr Trop Dis Res & Training, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI FONTENILLE, didier/G-4091-2013; SIMARD, Frederic/J-9489-2016 OI SIMARD, Frederic/0000-0002-2871-5329 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI44003] NR 35 TC 137 Z9 138 U1 3 U2 15 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 16 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 19 BP 10818 EP 10823 DI 10.1073/pnas.1434337100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 723CR UT WOS:000185415300045 PM 12947038 ER PT J AU Alioum, A Cortina-Borja, M Dabis, F Dequae-Merchadou, L Haverkamp, G Hughes, J Karon, J Leroy, V Newell, ML Richardson, BA van Weert, L Weverling, GJ AF Alioum, A Cortina-Borja, M Dabis, F Dequae-Merchadou, L Haverkamp, G Hughes, J Karon, J Leroy, V Newell, ML Richardson, BA van Weert, L Weverling, GJ TI Estimating the efficacy of interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in breastfeeding populations: Comparing statistical methods SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breast feeding; disease transmission; vertical; HIV; models; statistical; survival analysis; treatment outcome ID RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; ORAL ZIDOVUDINE; COTE-DIVOIRE; DOUBLE-BLIND; HIV-1; AFRICA; REGIMEN; UGANDA AB Postnatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus infection through breastfeeding complicates evaluating the efficacy of interventions aimed to reduce mother-to-child transmission risk. Results from trials in Africa evaluating either peripartum antiretroviral therapy or refraining from breastfeeding show an estimated long-term efficacy at 15-24 months of age between 25 and 50 percent. Differences in statistical methods, duration of follow-up, and age at weaning hinder direct comparison between trials. The authors recently outlined theoretically preferred statistical methods for evaluating interventions aimed to reduce risk of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. When multiple test results and/or supplementary information is available, the more sophisticated methods account for the fact that exact age at infection is unknown, that risk for infection ends at weaning, or that censoring due to death may be informative. The authors apply these methods to four scenarios, using data from four randomized trials carried out in Africa between 1995 and 2000. The authors' findings suggest that, to estimate the cumulative proportion infected at age 6 weeks, a standard Kaplan-Meier approach is likely to give valid results. For estimation of this proportion at age 18 months, more sophisticated methods, such as the extension of the Kaplan-Meier procedure to interval-censored data and competing risks, would be preferred. C1 Univ Bordeaux 2, Inst Epidemiol Sante Publ & Dev, INSERM, U593, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Ctr Paediat Epidemiol & Biostat, London, England. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Int Antiviral Therapy Evaluat Ctr, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Dabis, F (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 2, Inst Epidemiol Sante Publ & Dev, INSERM, U593, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. EM francois.dabis@isped.u-bordeaux2.fr RI Cortina Borja, Mario/A-3847-2009; Leroy, Valeriane/F-8129-2013; OI Leroy, Valeriane/0000-0003-3542-8616; Newell, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-1074-7699 NR 17 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 158 IS 6 BP 596 EP 605 DI 10.1093/aje/kwg188 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 721HK UT WOS:000185310800012 PM 12965885 ER PT J AU Wu, WJ Ashley, DL Watson, CH AF Wu, WJ Ashley, DL Watson, CH TI Simultaneous determination of five tobacco-specific nitrosamines in mainstream cigarette smoke by isotope dilution liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-ENERGY ANALYZER; N-NITROSAMINES; LUNG-CANCER; N'-NITROSONORNICOTINE; CARCINOGENICITY; IDENTIFICATION; PRODUCTS AB Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) have been previously implicated as a source of carcinogenicity in tobacco and cigarette smoke. Accurate quantification of these chemicals is needed to help assess public health risk. We have developed and validated a specific and sensitive method to simultaneously measure five TSNAs in the particulate phase of mainstream tobacco smoke. Cigarette smoke particulate, produced using standardized machine smoking protocols, was collected on a Cambridge filter pad. The particulate matter was extracted using methylene chloride, back extracted into aqueous solution, further purified by solid-phase extraction, and analyzed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry using isotopically labeled analogues as internal standards. Limits of detection for this method ranged from 0.05 to 1.23 ng/mL using an injection volume of 20 muL. A linear calibration range spanning 2.5-2500 ng/mL was adequate to measure TSNA levels in cigarette smoke. The method achieved excellent reproducibility and accuracy. The identity of each TSNA was established by chromatographic retention time, analyte-specific fragmentation patterns, and relative peak area ratios of two product/precursor ion pairs. This new method provides higher sensitivity, specificity, and throughput than earlier methods for TSNA determination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Watson, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 25 TC 49 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 18 BP 4827 EP 4832 DI 10.1021/ac030135y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 723NW UT WOS:000185439300016 PM 14674460 ER PT J AU Wang, SA Lee, MVC O'Connor, N Iverson, CJ Ohye, RG Whiticar, PM Hale, JA Trees, DL Knapp, JS Effler, PV Weinstock, HS AF Wang, SA Lee, MVC O'Connor, N Iverson, CJ Ohye, RG Whiticar, PM Hale, JA Trees, DL Knapp, JS Effler, PV Weinstock, HS TI Multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae with decreased susceptibility to cefixime - Hawaii, 2001 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID AZITHROMYCIN; TRANSMISSION; WOMEN; HIV-1 AB We report 4 urogenital Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates recovered from 3 patients that demonstrated resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin and reduced susceptibility to cefixime. This report of the first 3 patients in the United States identified with this multidrug-resistant strain may portend an emerging problem for clinicians and public health officials. C1 CDCP, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hawaii Dept Hlth, Honolulu, HI USA. Hawaii Dept Hlth State Lab, Pearl City, HI USA. Seattle Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project R, Seattle, WA USA. RP Wang, SA (reprint author), CDCP, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-02,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 56 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 6 BP 849 EP 852 DI 10.1086/377500 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 718EA UT WOS:000185131100019 PM 12955650 ER PT J AU Oberste, MS Maher, K Pallansch, MA AF Oberste, MS Maher, K Pallansch, MA TI Genomic evidence that simian virus 2 and six other simian picornaviruses represent a new genus in Picornaviridae SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE picornavirus; enterovirus; simian virus 2; SV2; virus taxonomy; TRES ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS; MONKEY KIDNEY CELLS; HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; HUMAN ENTEROVIRUSES; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; ENTERIC VIRUSES; TISSUE CULTURES; VP1 SEQUENCE; IN-VITRO AB Analysis of the VP1 capsid protein coding region of simian virus (SV) 2, SV16, SV18, SV42, SV44, SV45, and SV49 demonstrates that they are clearly distinct from members of the Enterovirus genus and from members of other existing picornavirus genera. To further characterize this group of viruses and to clarify their classification within the Picornaviridae, we have determined the complete genomic sequence of SV2 (8126 nucleotides). The genome was typical of members of Picornaviridae, encoding a single open reading frame. The putative polyprotein contained typical picornavirus protease cleavage sites, yielding mature proteins homologous to each of the known picornavirus proteins. SV2 contained an amino-terminal extension of the reading frame, which was analogous to the leader protein of members of the Aphthovirus, Cardiovirus, Erbovirus, Kobuvirus, and Teschovirus genera, but there was no significant amino acid homology with any of these known leader proteins. The 2A protein also aligned poorly with the 2A proteins of other picornaviruses. The deduced amino acid sequences of the SV2 structural and nonstructural proteins were related to but phylogenetically distinct from those of enteroviruses and human rhinoviruses. The major distinguishing features of SV2 were the presence of a type 2 internal ribosome entry site in the 5'-NTR. a putative leader protein encoded upstream of the structural proteins, and an unusually large 2A protein. On the basis of the molecular analysis, we propose that SV2, SV16, SV18, SV42, SV44, SV45, SV49, and porcine enterovirus 8 be classified as members of a new genus in Picornaviridae and that SV2 (strain 2383) be designated as the type strain. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CDCP, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), CDCP, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 43 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 314 IS 1 BP 283 EP 293 DI 10.1016/S0042-6822(03)00420-3 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 728PT UT WOS:000185726100028 PM 14517081 ER PT J AU Frieden, TR Sterling, TR Munsiff, SS Watt, CJ Dye, C AF Frieden, TR Sterling, TR Munsiff, SS Watt, CJ Dye, C TI Tuberculosis SO LANCET LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SHORT-COURSE CHEMOTHERAPY; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; DIAGNOSED PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; HIV-RELATED TUBERCULOSIS; INTERFERON-GAMMA ASSAY; OBSERVED TREATMENT DOT; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND AB Among communicable diseases, tuberculosis is the second leading cause of death worldwide, killing nearly 2 million people each year. Most cases are in less-developed countries; over the past decade, tuberculosis incidence has increased in Africa, mainly as a result of the burden of HIV infection, and in the former Soviet Union, owing to socioeconomic change and decline of the health-care system. Definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis remains based on culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but rapid diagnosis of infectious tuberculosis by simple sputum smear for acid-fast bacilli remains an important tool, and more rapid molecular techniques hold promise. Treatment with several drugs for 6 months or more can cure more than 95% of patients; direct observation of treatment, a component of the recommended five-element DOTS strategy, is judged to be the standard of care by most authorities, but currently only a third of cases worldwide are treated under this approach. Systematic monitoring of case detection and treatment outcomes is essential to effective service delivery. The proportion of patients diagnosed and treated effectively has increased greatly over the past decade but is still far short of global targets. Efforts to develop more effective tuberculosis vaccines are under way, but even if one is identified, more effective treatment systems are likely to be required for decades. Other modes of tuberculosis control, such as treatment of latent infection, have a potentially important role in some contexts. Until tuberculosis is controlled worldwide, it will continue to be a major killer in less-developed countries and a constant threat in most of the more-developed countries. C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY 10013 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Ctr TB Res, Baltimore, MD USA. Baltimore City Dept Hlth, Eastern Chest Clin, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Frieden, TR (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, 125 Worth St,CN28,Room 331, New York, NY 10013 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [K23 AIO1654] NR 167 TC 560 Z9 606 U1 13 U2 140 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 13 PY 2003 VL 362 IS 9387 BP 887 EP 899 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14333-4 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 721RH UT WOS:000185329400022 PM 13678977 ER PT J AU Aylward, RB Acharya, A England, S Agocs, M Linkins, J AF Aylward, RB Acharya, A England, S Agocs, M Linkins, J TI Global health goals: lessons from the worldwide effort to eradicate poliomyelitis SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID POLIO ERADICATION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; DISEASE; IMPACT; FRAMEWORK AB The Global Polio Eradication Initiative was launched in 1988. Assessment of the politics, production, financing, and economics of this international effort has suggested six lessons that might be pertinent to the pursuit of other global health goals. First, such goals should be based on technically sound strategies with proven operational feasibility in a large geographical area. Second, before launching an initiative, an informed collective decision must be negotiated and agreed in an appropriate international forum to keep to a minimum long-term risks in financing and implementation. Third, if substantial community engagement is envisaged, efficient deployment of sufficient resources at that level necessitates a defined, time-limited input by the community within a properly managed partnership. Fourth, although the so-called fair-share concept is arguably the best way to finance such goals, its limitations must be recognised early and alternative strategies developed for settings where it does not work. Fifth, international health goals must be designed and pursued within existing health systems if they are to secure and sustain broad support. Finally, countries, regions, or populations most likely to delay the achievement of a global health goal should be identified at the outset to ensure provision of sufficient resources and attention. The greatest threats to poliomyelitis eradication are a financing gap of US$210 million and difficulties in strategy implementation in at most five countries. C1 WHO, Dept Vaccines & Biol, Global Polio Eradicat Initiat, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. WHO, Communicable Dis Cluster, Stop TB Dept, Stop TB Partnership Secretariat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Sussex, Inst Dev Studies, Brighton, E Sussex, England. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio Eradicat Branch, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Aylward, RB (reprint author), WHO, Dept Vaccines & Biol, Global Polio Eradicat Initiat, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. NR 59 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 6 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 13 PY 2003 VL 362 IS 9387 BP 909 EP 914 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14337-1 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 721RH UT WOS:000185329400026 PM 13678981 ER PT J AU Lubitz, J Cai, LM Kramarow, E Lentzner, H AF Lubitz, J Cai, LM Kramarow, E Lentzner, H TI Health, life expectancy, and health care spending among the elderly SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; OLDER POPULATION; DISABILITY; TRENDS; AGE; EXPENDITURES; LONGEVITY; DEATH AB Background: Life expectancy among the elderly has been improving for many decades, and there is evidence that health among the elderly is also improving. We estimated the relation of health status at 70 years of age to life expectancy and to cumulative health care expenditures from the age of 70 until death. Methods: Using the 1992-1998 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, we classified persons' health according to functional status and whether or not they were institutionalized and according to self-reported health. We used multistate life-table methods and microsimulation to estimate life expectancy for persons in various states of health. We linked annual health care expenditures with transitions between health states. Results: Elderly persons in better health had a longer life expectancy than those in poorer health but had similar cumulative health care expenditures until death. A person with no functional limitation at 70 years of age had a life expectancy of 14.3 years and expected cumulative health care expenditures of about $136,000 (in 1998 dollars); a person with a limitation in at least one activity of daily living had a life expectancy of 11.6 years and expected cumulative expenditures of about $145,000. Expenditures varied little according to self-reported health at the age of 70. Persons who were institutionalized at the age of 70 had cumulative expenditures that were much higher than those for persons who were not institutionalized. Conclusions: The expected cumulative health expenditures for healthier elderly persons, despite their greater longevity, were similar to those for less healthy persons. Health-promotion efforts aimed at persons under 65 years of age may improve the health and longevity of the elderly without increasing health expenditures. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Lubitz, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Mail Stop 6226, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 34 TC 207 Z9 214 U1 2 U2 14 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 11 PY 2003 VL 349 IS 11 BP 1048 EP 1055 DI 10.1056/NEJMsa020614 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 719UH UT WOS:000185223100008 PM 12968089 ER PT J AU Gerberding, JL AF Gerberding, JL TI Occupational exposure to HIV - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gerberding, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 11 PY 2003 VL 349 IS 11 BP 1092 EP 1092 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 719UH UT WOS:000185223100025 ER PT J AU Duke, J Huhman, M Heitzler, C AF Duke, J Huhman, M Heitzler, C TI Physical activity levels among children aged 9-13 years - United States, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 785-788, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID ADOLESCENCE; CHILDHOOD; OBESITY; YOUNG C1 WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. CDC, Youth Media Campaign, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Duke, J (reprint author), WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 10 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 10 BP 1308 EP 1309 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 719DP UT WOS:000185188600005 ER PT J AU Goetz, R Siegel, E Scaglione, J Belson, M Patel, M AF Goetz, R Siegel, E Scaglione, J Belson, M Patel, M TI Suspected moonflower intoxication - Ohio, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 788-791, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Cincinnati Drug & Poison Informat Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Goetz, R (reprint author), Cincinnati Drug & Poison Informat Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 10 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 10 BP 1309 EP 1310 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 719DP UT WOS:000185188600006 ER PT J AU McTiernan, A Kooperberg, C White, E Wilcox, S Coates, R Adams-Campbell, LL Woods, N Ockene, J AF McTiernan, A Kooperberg, C White, E Wilcox, S Coates, R Adams-Campbell, LL Woods, N Ockene, J TI Recreational physical activity and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women - The Women's Health Initiative cohort study SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-HEALTH; BODY-SIZE; NUTRITION; EXERCISE; PREVENTION; HORMONES; AGE AB Context Women who are physically active have a decreased risk for breast cancer, but the types, amounts, and timing of activity needed are unknown. Objective To prospectively examine the association between current and past recreational physical activity and incidence of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Design, Setting, and Patients Prospective cohort study in 74171 women aged 50 to 79 years who were recruited by 40 US clinical centers from 1993 through 1998. Main Outcome Measure Incident invasive and in situ breast cancer. Results We documented 1780 newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer over a mean follow-up of 4.7 years. Compared with less active women, women who engaged in regular strenuous physical activity at age 35 years had a 14% decreased risk of breast cancer (relative risk [RR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78-0.95). Similar but attenuated findings were observed for strenuous physical activity at ages 18 years and 50 years. An increasing total current physical activity score was associated with a reduced risk for breast cancer (P=.03 for trend). Women who engaged in the equivalent of 1.25 to 2.5 hours per week of brisk walking had an 18% decreased risk of breast cancer (RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68-0.97) compared with inactive women. Slightly greater reduction in risk was observed for women who engaged in the equivalent of 10 hours or more per week of brisk walking. The effect of exercise was most pronounced in women in the lowest tertile of body mass index (BMI) (<24.1), but also was observed for women in the middle tertile of BMI (24.1-28.4). Conclusions These data suggest that increased physical activity is associated with reduced risk for breast cancer in postmenopausal women, longer duration provides most benefit, and that such activity need not be strenuous. C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Exercise Sci, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA USA. Howard Univ, Ctr Canc, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Nursing, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Div Prevent & Behav Med, Worcester, MA USA. RP McTiernan, A (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, POB 98109-1024,MP-900, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. FU WHI NIH HHS [N01-WH-3-2111, N01-WH-2-2110, N01-WH-3-2100, N01-WH-4-2116, N01-WH-4-2123] NR 33 TC 286 Z9 293 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 10 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 10 BP 1331 EP 1336 DI 10.1001/jama.290.10.1331 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 719DP UT WOS:000185188600025 PM 12966124 ER PT J AU Dong, M Dube, SR Felitti, VJ Giles, WH Anda, RF AF Dong, M Dube, SR Felitti, VJ Giles, WH Anda, RF TI Adverse childhood experiences and self-reported liver disease - New insights into the causal pathway SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; UNITED-STATES; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; SEXUAL ABUSE; RISK-FACTORS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY; PREVALENCE AB Objective: To examine the relationship of adverse childhood experiences (ACES), including abuse, neglect, and forms of household dysfunction, to the risk of liver disease by assessing the role of risk behaviors, such as substance abuse and high-risk sexual activity, as mediators of the ACEs-liver disease relationship. Methods: Retrospective cohort study data were collected from 17337 adult health plan members through a survey. Logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, race, and education was used to estimate the strength of the ACEs-liver disease relationship and the impact of the mediators in this relationship. Results: Each of 10 ACEs increased the risk of liver disease 1.2 to 1.6 times (P<.001). The number of ACEs (ACE score) had a graded relationship to liver disease (P<.001). Compared with persons with no ACEs, the adjusted odds ratio of ever having liver disease among persons with 6 or more ACEs was 2.6 (P<.001). The ACE score also had a strong graded relationship to risk behaviors for liver disease. The strength of the ACEs-liver disease association was reduced 38% to 50% by adjustment for these risk behaviors, suggesting they are mediators of this relationship. Conclusions: The ACE score showed a graded relationship to the risk of liver disease that appears to be mediated substantially by behaviors that increase the risk of viral and alcohol-induced liver disease. Understanding the effect of ACES on the risk of liver disease and development of these behaviors provides insight into causal pathways, which may prove useful in the prevention of liver disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. RP Dong, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, NCCDPHP, 4170 Buford Highway NE,MS K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-44-10/11] NR 50 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD SEP 8 PY 2003 VL 163 IS 16 BP 1949 EP 1956 DI 10.1001/archinte.163.16.1949 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 720ZB UT WOS:000185291600013 PM 12963569 ER PT J AU Eko, FO Schukovskaya, T Lotzmanova, EY Firstova, VV Emalyanova, NV Klueva, SN Kravtzov, AL Livanova, LF Kutyrev, VV Igietseme, JU Lubitz, W AF Eko, FO Schukovskaya, T Lotzmanova, EY Firstova, VV Emalyanova, NV Klueva, SN Kravtzov, AL Livanova, LF Kutyrev, VV Igietseme, JU Lubitz, W TI Evaluation of the protective efficacy of Vibrio cholerae ghost (VCG) candidate vaccines in rabbits SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE VCG-TCP; vaccine; protection ID TOXIN-COREGULATED PILI; MANNOSE-SENSITIVE HEMAGGLUTININ; ESCHERICHIA-COLI DIARRHEA; EL-TOR; COLONIZATION FACTOR; BACTERIAL GHOSTS; FIELD TRIAL; CVD 103-HGR; IMMUNOGENICITY; INFECTION AB An effective Vibrio cholerae vaccine is needed to reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by this pathogen. Despite the availability of current oral vaccines with measurable efficacy, there is need for more effective vaccines with broad-spectrum efficacy in target populations. Recent studies have shown that bacterial ghosts, produced by the expression of cloned lysis gene E, possess adjuvant properties and are immunogenic. In this study, ghosts were prepared from V. choleroe O1 or O139 and evaluated as vaccines in the reversible intestinal tie adult rabbit diarrhea (RITARD) model. Rabbits were orally immunized with different doses of V. cholerae ghost (VCG) formulations. The vaccine formulations elicited high levels of serum vibriocidal titers against indicator strains. The magnitude of the response was measured as the geometric mean titer (GMT) increase for all rabbits in relation to prevaccination titers. The induction of cross protection was evidenced by the ability of serum from VCG-immunized rabbits to mediate complement-dependent killing of both the homologous and the heterologous strains. Immunized rabbits were protected against intraduodenal challenge 30 days after primary immunization. Protective immunity against challenge appeared to be dose dependent and was associated with marked inhibition of colonization. These results indicate that VCGs represent a novel approach to cholera vaccine development and constitute an effective vaccine delivery vehicle. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Biochem & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Russian AntiPlague Res Inst, Saratov 410005, Russia. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Vienna, Inst Microbiol & Genet, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Eko, FO (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Biochem & Immunol, 720 Westview Dr SW, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. OI Kutyrev, Vladimir/0000-0003-3788-3452 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI41231]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM08248]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU304522-11] NR 44 TC 37 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 8 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 25-26 BP 3663 EP 3674 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00388-8 PG 12 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 719YY UT WOS:000185233700022 PM 12922096 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Hussain, A Heneine, W AF Johnson, JA Hussain, A Heneine, W TI Expression of a recombinant gag protein from endogenous avian virus and its use in screening for antibody reactivity in recipients of chick-derived vaccines SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE endogenous avian virus; EAV; retroviral p27; capsid; MMR vaccine; YF vaccine ID REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE ACTIVITY; ROUS-SARCOMA-VIRUS; LEUKOSIS VIRUS; GENE-SEQUENCES; MUMPS VACCINES; SUBGROUP E; RETROVIRUS; TRANSMISSION; MEASLES; IDENTIFICATION AB Virions incorporating endogenous avian virus (EAV) RNA have been identified in chick-derived biological products, including the vaccines used to protect against measles, mumps, and yellow fever. The presence of EAV in these vaccines raises safety concerns regarding transmission to vaccine recipients. Development of a serologic assay to detect antibodies to EAV required the discovery of a diagnostic EAV antigen and reactive antiserum. For this purpose, we have identified and expressed an EAV capsid sequence that was found to have a 66.9% amino acid identity to avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) p27 capsid. An AMV capsid antiserum that cross-reacted to the EAV protein in both Western blot (WB) and ELISA-based testing was selected as a positive control reagent. Using our assay, we evaluated sera from 200 measles-mumps-rubella (MMRII) and 43 yellow fever (YFFIOCRUZ) vaccine recipients and found none of the samples were reactive to EAV capsid. The results support a lack of EAV infection in the vaccine recipients. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 8 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 25-26 BP 3738 EP 3745 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00391-8 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 719YY UT WOS:000185233700032 PM 12922106 ER PT J AU Lloyd, JC Haber, P Mootrey, GT Braun, AM Rhodes, PH Chen, RT AF Lloyd, JC Haber, P Mootrey, GT Braun, AM Rhodes, PH Chen, RT CA VAERS Working Grp TI Adverse event reporting rates following tetanus-diphtheria and tetanus toxoid vaccinations: data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 1991-1997 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE vaccines; adverse events; postmarketing surveillance ID NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATES; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNITY; POPULATION; SITUATION; SAFETY AB Since 1966, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) has recommended tetanus-diphtheria toxoid (Td) be used instead of single antigen tetanus toxoid (TT) because, while both vaccines protect against tetanus, only Td protects against diphtheria. Despite this recommendation, approximately 2.5 million doses of TT were distributed annually from 1991 to 1997. One possible explanation for the continued use of TT is concern about the relative safety of Td. Small clinical trials found Td to be associated with a higher rate of local vaccine-associated adverse events (VAEs) than TT. To determine if the findings from the trials would hold up on a larger scale, we compared the rate of reporting to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a passive reporting system, after either vaccine from 1991 to 1997. There were 40 reports per million doses of Td, and 27 reports per million doses of TT, for a reporting rate ratio of 1.4. Reporting rates to VAERS are lower than the rates of VAEs identified in the clinical trials, but the magnitude of the difference in VAEs following TT versus Td is similar. While reporting rates are lower after TT than Td, rates of reported VAEs after both vaccines are low. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Utah Dept Hlth, Off Epidemiol, Bur Children Special Hlth Care Needs, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Vaccine Safety & Dev Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Div Epidemiol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Lloyd, JC (reprint author), Utah Dept Hlth, Off Epidemiol, Bur Children Special Hlth Care Needs, POB 144640, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 8 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 25-26 BP 3746 EP 3750 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00404-3 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 719YY UT WOS:000185233700033 PM 12922107 ER PT J AU Lertpiriyasuwat, C Plipat, T Jenkins, RA AF Lertpiriyasuwat, C Plipat, T Jenkins, RA TI A survey of sexual risk behavior for HIV infection in Nakhonsawan, Thailand, 2001 SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; sexual behavior; survey; Thailand ID NORTHERN THAILAND; YOUNG MEN; TRANSMISSION; PROGRAM AB Objective: To determine the prevalence of sexual risk behaviors for HIV in the general population aged 15-44 years in Nakhonsawan province, Thailand. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: A two-stage cluster sampling technique was used to select 630 participants aged 15-44 years from the general population. Tape-recorders with earphones provided questions to the respondents, who used self-administered answer sheets to record their responses. Results: Most participants were rural, married and educated at the primary school level. The mean age was 31.5 years. Seventy-eight percent of all participants had ever had sexual intercourse. The prevalence of premarital sex among married participants was 41%. In the previous year, 20% of the participants had had sex with commercial or non-regular partners. Sex with non-regular partners occurred more frequently than sex with commercial partners. Sixty-one percent had used condoms the last time they had sex with a commercial partner and 46% had used condoms the last time they had sex with non-regular partners. Consistent condom use with non-regular partners was lower than with commercial partners. Voluntary HIV testing during the previous year was reported by 24% of the participants who had had sex with commercial or non-regular partners. Conclusions: The results suggest that Nakhonsawan needs to strengthen implementation of the 100% condom programme, address condom use with non-commercial partners, promote awareness of personal risk rather than identification of risk groups and increase voluntary HIV testing among people who engage in risky behaviors. (C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Communicable Dis Control, Div Aids, Div Epidemiol, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lertpiriyasuwat, C (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Communicable Dis Control, Div Aids, Div Epidemiol, Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP 5 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 13 BP 1969 EP 1976 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000076318.42412.39 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 717CH UT WOS:000185067700013 PM 12960830 ER PT J AU Weir, HK Thun, MJ Hankey, BF Ries, LAG Howe, HL Wingo, PA Jemal, A Ward, E Anderson, RN Edwards, BK AF Weir, HK Thun, MJ Hankey, BF Ries, LAG Howe, HL Wingo, PA Jemal, A Ward, E Anderson, RN Edwards, BK TI Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2000, featuring the uses of surveillance data for cancer prevention and control SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Review ID HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; PROSTATE-CANCER; COLORECTAL-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; INTERPRETING TRENDS; COLON-CANCER; SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY; SOCIETY GUIDELINES AB Background: The American Cancer Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) collaborate annually to update cancer rates and trends in the United States. This report updates statistics on lung, female breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers and highlights the uses of selected surveillance data to assist development of state-based cancer control plans. Methods: Age-adjusted incidence rates from 1996 through 2000 are from state and metropolitan area cancer registries that met NAACCR criteria for highest quality. Death rates are based on underlying cause-of-death data. Long-term trends and rates for major racial and ethnic populations are based on NCI and CDC data. Incidence trends from 1975 through 2000 were adjusted for reporting delays. State-specific screening and risk factor survey data are from the CDC and other federal and private organizations. Results: Cancer incidence rates for all cancer sites combined increased from the mid-1970s through 1992 and then decreased from 1992 through 1995. Observed incidence rates for all cancers combined were essentially stable from 1995 through 2000, whereas the delay-adjusted trend showed an increase that had borderline statistical significance (P = .05). Increases in the incidence rates of breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men offset a long-term decrease in lung cancer in men. Death rates for all cancer sites combined decreased beginning in 1994 and stabilized from 1998 through 2000, resulting in part from recent revisions in cause-of-death codes. Death rates among men continued to decline throughout the 1990s, whereas trends in death rates among women were essentially unchanged from 1998 through 2000. Analysis of state data for the leading cancers revealed mixed progress in achieving national objectives for improving cancer screening, risk factor reduction, and decreases in mortality. Conclusions: Overall cancer incidence and death rates began to stabilize in the mid- to late 1990s. The recent increase in the delay-adjusted trend will require monitoring with additional years of data. Further reduction in the burden of cancer is possible but will require the continuation of strong federal, state, local, and private partnerships to increase dissemination of evidence-based cancer control programs to all segments of the population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Epidemiol & Surveillance Res Dept, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. N Amer Assoc Cent Canc Registries, Springfield, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Weir, HK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, MS K-53,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 113 TC 577 Z9 597 U1 1 U2 34 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD SEP 3 PY 2003 VL 95 IS 17 BP 1276 EP 1299 DI 10.1093/jnci/djg040 PG 24 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 719ZE UT WOS:000185234400010 PM 12953083 ER PT J AU Ford, ES AF Ford, ES TI C-reactive protein concentration and cardiovascular disease risk factors in children - Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular diseases; pediatrics; proteins; risk factors ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; FACTOR-ALPHA; SERUM; INFLAMMATION; EXPRESSION; OBESITY AB Background-C-reactive protein is an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Although the relations between C-reactive protein and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease have been extensively studied in adults, the relations in children are not well understood. Methods and Results-Data from 2846 boys and girls 3 to 17 years of age who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2000, a cross-sectional survey of the US population, were used. In univariate analyses, significant associations were observed between C-reactive protein concentration-measured with a high-sensitivity assay-and age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and triglyceride concentrations in both sexes. In multiple linear regression analyses, body mass index was the best predictor of C-reactive protein concentration. Age was positively associated with C-reactive protein concentration among boys 3 to 17 years of age. Some race or ethnic differences were present as well among boys 8 to 17 years of age and girls 8 to 11 years of age. Systolic blood pressure was positively associated with C-reactive protein among girls 12 to 17 years of age. Conclusions-Among the sociodemographic and cardiovascular disease risk factors, body mass index was the best predictor of C-reactive protein concentration in children. C1 CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 16 TC 119 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD SEP 2 PY 2003 VL 108 IS 9 BP 1053 EP 1058 DI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000080913.81393.B8 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 717KN UT WOS:000185087800007 PM 12925465 ER PT J AU Biagini, RE Sammons, DL Smith, JP Snawder, JE Striley, CAF MacKenzie, BA Quinn, CP AF Biagini, RE Sammons, DL Smith, JP Snawder, JE Striley, CAF MacKenzie, BA Quinn, CP TI Development, validation and use of a fluorescent covalent microsphere immunoassay (FCMIA) for the measurement of IgG antibodies to Bacillus anthracis protective antigen in human sera. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIOSH, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. CDC, NCID, Microbial Pathogenesis & Immune Response Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 066-AGRO BP U93 EP U93 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400365 ER PT J AU Ferreira, JL Sharma, SK Eblen, BS Andreadis, JD Matlanka, SE AF Ferreira, JL Sharma, SK Eblen, BS Andreadis, JD Matlanka, SE TI Evaluation of the DIG-ELISA for the detection of type A, B, E, and F clostridium botulinum toxins. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US FDA, ORA SE Reg Lab, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. US FDA, CFSAN, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Natl Botulism Surveillance & Reference Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jferreir@ora.fda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 101-AGFD BP U67 EP U67 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400216 ER PT J AU Grainger, J Huang, W Edwards, S Li, Z Walcott, C Bullock, M Smith, C Patterson, DG AF Grainger, J Huang, W Edwards, S Li, Z Walcott, C Bullock, M Smith, C Patterson, DG TI Reference range and exposure levels for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by analysis of urinary mono-hydroxy metabolites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jag2@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 001-SOCED BP U30 EP U30 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400039 ER PT J AU Hill, RH AF Hill, RH TI Changing the way chemists think about safety. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Hlth & Safety, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rhill@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 001-CHAS BP U216 EP U216 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400932 ER PT J AU Sammons, DL Smith, JP Biagini, RE Snawder, JE Striley, CAF Robertson, SK MacKenzie, BA Wilkins, PP Quinn, CP AF Sammons, DL Smith, JP Biagini, RE Snawder, JE Striley, CAF Robertson, SK MacKenzie, BA Wilkins, PP Quinn, CP TI Multiplexed analyses of serum antibodies to Bacillus anthracis toxins from cases with cutaneous anthrax in the former Soviet Republic of Kazakhstan. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIOSH, CDC, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. CDC, NCID, Microbial Pathogenesis & Immune Response Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dls7@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 044-AGRO BP U90 EP U90 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400343 ER PT J AU Striley, CAF Biagini, RE Snawder, JE AF Striley, CAF Biagini, RE Snawder, JE TI Development of an ELISA using polypeptide fragments of hemoglobin-acrylamide adducts for biological monitoring of acrylamide exposure. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIOSH, CDC, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM chs3@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 033-AGRO BP U88 EP U88 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400332 ER PT J AU Zaloshnja, E Miller, TR Galbraith, MS Lawrence, BA DeBruyn, LM Bill, N Hicks, KR Keiffer, M Perkins, R AF Zaloshnja, E Miller, TR Galbraith, MS Lawrence, BA DeBruyn, LM Bill, N Hicks, KR Keiffer, M Perkins, R TI Reducing injuries among Native Americans: five cost-outcome analyses SO ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE Native American; safety-belt; pedestrian; drowning; suicide; agriculture; cost-effectiveness; injury; accident ID UNITED-STATES; PREVENTION AB This paper presents cost-outcome analyses of five injury prevention efforts in Native American jurisdictions: a safety-belt program, a streetlight project, a livestock control project, a drowning prevention program, and a suicide prevention and intervention program. Pre- and post-intervention data were analyzed to estimate projects' impact on injury reduction. Projects' costs were amortized over the time period covered by the evaluation or over the useful life of physical capital invested. Projects' savings were calculated based on estimated reduction in medical and public program expenses, on estimated decrease in lost productivity, and on estimated quality adjusted life years saved. All projects yielded positive benefit-cost ratios. The net cost per quality adjusted life years was less than zero (i.e. the monetary savings exceeded project costs) for all but one of the projects. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. CDCP, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Window Rock, AZ 86515 USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Pipetop, AZ 85935 USA. Alaska Nat Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Injury Prevent Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99521 USA. RP Zaloshnja, E (reprint author), Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, 11710 Beltsville Dr,Suite 300, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Miller, Ted/0000-0002-0958-2639 FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH60622-01] NR 26 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0001-4575 J9 ACCIDENT ANAL PREV JI Accid. Anal. Prev. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 35 IS 5 BP 631 EP 639 AR PII S0001-4575(02)00041-6 DI 10.1016/S0001-4575(02)00041-6 PG 9 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 712KD UT WOS:000184796100001 PM 12850063 ER PT J AU Hu, DJ Vanichseni, S Mock, PA Young, NL Dobbs, T Byers, RH Choopanya, K van Griensven, F Kitayaporn, D McDougal, JS Tappero, JW Mastro, TD Parekh, BS AF Hu, DJ Vanichseni, S Mock, PA Young, NL Dobbs, T Byers, RH Choopanya, K van Griensven, F Kitayaporn, D McDougal, JS Tappero, JW Mastro, TD Parekh, BS TI HIV type 1 incidence estimates by detection of recent infection from a cross-sectional sampling of injection drug users in Bangkok: Use of the IgG capture BED enzyme immunoassay SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID SUBTYPE-E INFECTION; NORTHERN THAILAND; TESTING STRATEGY; SEROCONVERSION; PREVALENCE; COHORT; ASSAY; INDIA AB Development of serologic tests to detect recent HIV-1 infection has generated worldwide interest in applying this approach to estimate incidence. We previously devised an IgG-capture BED-EIA (or BED-CEIA) that detects increasing levels of anti-HIV IgG following seroconversion to identify recent infection and to estimate incidence among persons infected with diverse HIV-1 subtypes worldwide. Injection drug users (IDUs; n = 1969) were screened in 1996 for participation in a prospective cohort study. Serum specimens from 594 IDUs were HIV-1 seropositive (30.2%) and were tested with the BED-CEIA. The proportion of recent infections and estimated incidence by different epidemiological risk factors were compared with incidence data measured from the prospective cohort. Of 594 HIV-1-seropositive specimens, 113 (19%) were identified as recent infections. Overall, the estimated annual incidence among persons screened was 17.3%/year (95% CI, 12.8-24.2%/year) compared with 9.0%/year (95% CI, 6.7-11.9%/year) measured from the prospective cohort during the same time period. Estimated incidence was higher among younger aged and unemployed IDUs as well as among those who injected more frequently, confirming previously reported risk factors from this prospective cohort. As persons screened from a cross-sectional sampling probably have higher risk for HIV than selected uninfected individuals who choose to participate and receive risk reduction counseling in a longitudinal cohort study, use of this or other serologic testing strategies to identify populations with high incidence (such as for HIV vaccine trials) may overestimate incidence measured from prospective cohorts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok 10600, Thailand. Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Bangkok 11000, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Hu, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 19 TC 45 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 19 IS 9 BP 727 EP 730 DI 10.1089/088922203769232511 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 727TF UT WOS:000185675200001 PM 14585202 ER PT J AU Neumeister, CE Olsen, LD Dollberg, DD AF Neumeister, CE Olsen, LD Dollberg, DD TI Development of a flow-injection fluorescence method for estimation of total polycyclic aromatic compounds in asphalt fumes SO AIHA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE analytical method development; asphalt fumes; construction; flow injection analysis; polycyclic aromatic compounds; PACs AB Traditionally, measurements of specific polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) have been attempted as an estimate of asphalt fume exposure. However, asphalt fumes contain numerous alkyl substituted PACs, including PACs containing heteroatoms of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Many of these compounds coelute precluding the resolution of the individual compounds resulting in ambiguous data. Moreover, many researchers believe that some observed health hazards are associated with PACs overall and not just a few select PACs. Therefore, NIOSH method 5800 was developed to evaluate total PACs as a chemical class in asphalt fumes. Asphalt fume samples were collected on a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) filter backed by an XAD-2 sorbent tube. The samples were extracted with hexane; then, a cyano-solid-phase-extraction column was used to remove the polar compounds while the aliphatic and aromatic compounds were eluted with hexane. An equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to the hexane extract, causing the aromatic compounds to partition into the DMSO, thus isolating the PACs. The PACs were then analyzed for fluorescence using a flow-injection method with two fluorescence detectors. Wavelength settings for the first detector (254-nm excitation, 370-nm emission) emphasized the 2- to 4-ring PACs that may cause eye and respiratory tract irritation. Wavelength settings of the second detector (254-nm excitation, 400-nm emission) emphasized the 4- and higher-ring PACs that are often mutagenic and possibly carcinogenic. C1 NIOSH, US Dept Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Olsen, LD (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept Hlth, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHA J JI AIHA J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 64 IS 5 BP 618 EP 624 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 732EE UT WOS:000185927200009 PM 14521431 ER PT J AU Maurer, DM Harrington, B Lane, JM AF Maurer, DM Harrington, B Lane, JM TI Smallpox vaccine: Contraindications, administration, and adverse reactions SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID COMPLICATIONS; MANAGEMENT AB Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the anthrax exposures in the following weeks, concern that smallpox could be used as a biologic weapon has increased. Public health departments and the U.S. military have begun the process of vaccinating soldiers and civilian first-responders. Smallpox vaccination carries some serious risks: approximately one in 1 million primary vaccinees and one in 4 million revaccinees will die from adverse vaccine reactions. The most serious side effects of smallpox vaccine include progressive vaccinia, postvaccinial central nervous system disease, and eczema vaccinatum. Some of these reactions can be treated with vaccinia immune globulin or cidofovir. Proper patient screening and site care are essential. Family physicians must learn to screen potential vaccinees for contraindications (e.g., immunodeficiency, immunosuppression, certain skin and eye diseases, pregnancy, lactation, allergy to the vaccine or its components, moderate or severe intercurrent illness) and to treat vaccine-associated adverse reactions. C1 Darnall Army Community Hosp, Family Practice Residency Program, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Smallpox Eradicat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Maurer, DM (reprint author), Darnall Army Community Hosp, Family Practice Residency Program, 36000 Darnall Loop, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 BP 889 EP 896 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 720YN UT WOS:000185290400011 PM 13678138 ER PT J AU Cheng, YLJ Church, TS Kimball, TE Nichaman, MZ Levine, BD McGuire, DK Blair, SN AF Cheng, YLJ Church, TS Kimball, TE Nichaman, MZ Levine, BD McGuire, DK Blair, SN TI Comparison of coronary artery calcium detected by electron bean tomography in patients with to those without symptomatic coronary heart disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFAST COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS; ASYMPTOMATIC MEN; PHYSICAL-FITNESS; LUMEN STENOSIS; RISK-FACTORS; WOMEN; CALCIFICATION; PROTOCOLS AB Although the presence of coronary artery calcium (CAC) has been associated with the prevalence and incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD), it is unclear if this association has a threshold or a continuous relation. The aim of this research was to explore the relation between CAC, as detected by electron beam tomography (EBT), and CHD in a cross-sectional study of women and men who presented to a single center for elective screening with EBT from 1995 to 1998. Of 17,967 participants, patients with CHD had higher CAC levels than those without CHD. Using subjects without CAC as the referent group; the odds ratios for prevalent CHD increased significantly across increasing quartiles of CAC in the overall population and in both genders. In a subset of the population, after adjusting for CHD risk factors, CAC scores in the fourth quartile were associated with an odds ratio of 33.8 (p < 0.001) for prevalent CHD. Among. patients with and without CHD, men were more likely than women to have detectable CAC (58.1% vs 28.3% and 96.1% vs 68.9% respectively, p < 0.001 for each); the prevalence of detectable CAC increased with age and was higher in men than in women. There was an increased risk for prevalent CHD at all levels of CAC > 0, with the greatest increase in risk occurring in patients with CAC scores > 95. These observations support the potential of EBT as a sensitive test for detection of CHD. (C) 2003 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 Cooper Inst, Dallas, TX USA. Cooper Clin, Dallas, TX USA. Presbyterian Med Ctr, Inst Exercise & Environm Med, Dallas, TX USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. RP Cheng, YLJ (reprint author), CDC, 2858 Wood Cook Blvd,Bavieson Bldg,Mail Stop K10, Atlanta, GA USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01HL62508]; NIA NIH HHS [R01AG06945] NR 24 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 92 IS 5 BP 498 EP 503 DI 10.1016/S0002-9149(03)00714-8 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 716ZP UT WOS:000185060700002 PM 12943866 ER PT J AU Bandini, LG Must, A Cyr, H Anderson, SE Spadano, JL Dietz, WH AF Bandini, LG Must, A Cyr, H Anderson, SE Spadano, JL Dietz, WH TI Longitudinal changes in the accuracy of reported energy intake in girls 10-15 y of age SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE energy intake; energy expenditure; adolescents; doubly labeled water ID DOUBLY-LABELED WATER; BODY WATER; EXPENDITURE; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; OBESITY; DIET; VALIDATION; VALIDITY; RECORDS AB Background: Dietary records are often used to estimate individual energy needs and population energy requirements. However, significant underreporting of total energy intake (EI) has been found when EI is compared with total energy expenditure (EE) measured by doubly labeled water. Objective: This study aimed to determine whether the accuracy of reported EI decreases from middle childhood to adolescence. Design: In this longitudinal study of 26 healthy girls, El and EE were measured at ages 10, 12, and 15 y. Accuracy of reported EI (EI/EE x 100%) was calculated at each age. At study entry, girls had a mean (+/- SD) body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 16.8 +/- 1.9 and percentage body fat of 24.0 +/- 4.6%. Measurements of EI were a 7-d dietary record and those of EE were by doubly labeled water. Results: As they got older, girls tended to report EI less accurately: the average accuracy was 88 +/- 13% at age 10 y, 77 +/- 21% at age 12 y, and 68 +/- 17% at age 15 y. The declines in reporting accuracy from age 10 y to age 12 y and from age 10 y to age 15 y were statistically significant (P = 0.03 and P = 0.001, respectively). Reporting accuracy also declined from age 12 to age 15 y but not significantly. When percentage body fat was added to the model, results were essentially unchanged. Conclusion: Because of the decline in EI reporting accuracy with age, the use of EI data obtained from dietary records in adolescent girls will result in substantial underestimation of energy needs. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. MIT, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Ctr, Waltham, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Phys Act & Nutr, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bandini, LG (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, 635 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RI Anderson, Sarah/A-9792-2008 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-00088]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK46200, DK-50537]; PHS HHS [5P30] NR 27 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 78 IS 3 BP 480 EP 484 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 714GP UT WOS:000184904900019 PM 12936932 ER PT J AU Backinger, CL McDonald, P Ossip-Klein, DJ Colby, SM Maule, CO Fagan, P Husten, C Colwell, B AF Backinger, CL McDonald, P Ossip-Klein, DJ Colby, SM Maule, CO Fagan, P Husten, C Colwell, B TI Improving the future of youth smoking cessation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Conference on Tobacco or Health CY NOV 19-21, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA DE adolescent smoking cessation research ID POPULATION-BASED RECRUITMENT; NICOTINE PATCH THERAPY; ADOLESCENT SMOKERS; TOBACCO; EFFICACY; PROGRAMS; RECOMMENDATIONS; APPROPRIATE; PREVENTION; DEPENDENCE AB Objectives: To provide recommendations that will build a better foundation for research on youth smoking cessation. Methods: The Youth Tobacco Collaborative Cessation panel evaluated youth tobacco cessation literature and convened meetings to reach consensus. Results: Methodological issues include design, recruitment and retention, follow-up, measurement, and youth vernacular. Research gaps include youth characteristics, theoretical approaches, delivery settings, and type of provider. Thirteen key research components for reporting are addressed. Conclusions: Given the dearth of studies on youth smoking cessation, scientifically rigorous studies need to be conducted with attention to methodological issues, research gaps, and reporting of key research components. C1 NCI, Tobacco Control Res Branch, Behav Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Hlth Studies & Gerontol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Univ Rochester, Sch Med, James P Wilmot Canc Ctr, Rochester, NY USA. Brown Univ, Ctr Alcohol & Addict Studies, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Canadian Tobacco Control Res Initiat, CCS, NCIC Natl Off, Toronto, ON, Canada. NCI, Tobacco Control Res Branch, Behav Res Grp, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Texas A&M Univ, Sch Rural Publ Hlth, Dept Social & Behav Hlth, College Stn, TX USA. RP Backinger, CL (reprint author), NCI, Tobacco Control Res Branch, Behav Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, 6130 Execut Blvd,EPN 4036, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 49 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU PNG PUBLICATIONS PI STAR CITY PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA SN 1087-3244 J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV JI Am. J. Health Behav. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 27 SU 2 BP S170 EP S184 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 758ZR UT WOS:000187713100007 PM 14521244 ER PT J AU McDonald, P Colwell, B Backinger, CL Husten, C Maule, CO AF McDonald, P Colwell, B Backinger, CL Husten, C Maule, CO TI Better practices for youth tobacco cessation: Evidence of review panel SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Canadian National Conference on Smoking or Health CY DEC, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA DE smoking cessation; tobacco use; adolescent smoking cessation research ID SMOKING PREVENTION; PROGRAMS; INTERVENTIONS; EFFICACY; OUTCOMES; SMOKERS; IMPACT AB Objectives: To offer programmers, policy makers, and researchers a scientific basis for developing and selecting smoking cessation treatments for adolescents. Methods: An evidence review panel systematically rated published and unpublished reports of cessation treatments for youth to make recommendations on theoretical foundations, delivery settings, types of intervention, and provider type. Results: Twenty studies had sufficient validity to inform the recommendations. The 9 studies that reported treatments that increased cessation were based on social cognitive theory. Conclusions. Cognitive-behavioral interventions are a promising approach for helping young smokers quit smoking. Evidence is insufficient to draw other conclusions at this time. C1 Univ Waterloo, Dept Hlth Studies & Gerontol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Texas A&M Univ, Sch Rural Publ Hlth, Dept Social & Behav Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NCI, Tobacco Control Res Branch, Behav Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McDonald, P (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Hlth Studies & Gerontol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. NR 38 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 8 PU PNG PUBLICATIONS PI STAR CITY PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA SN 1087-3244 J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV JI Am. J. Health Behav. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 27 SU 2 BP S144 EP S158 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 758ZR UT WOS:000187713100005 PM 14521242 ER PT J AU Milton, MH Maule, CO Backinger, CL Gregory, DM AF Milton, MH Maule, CO Backinger, CL Gregory, DM TI Recommendations and guidance for practice in youth tobacco cessation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE tobacco cessation; youth/adolescent; cognitive behavioral; tobacco control ID SMOKERS; SMOKING AB Objective: To summarize recommendations from Youth Tobacco Cessation: A Guide for Making Informed Decisions for careful consideration, selection, implementation, and evaluation of youth cessation interventions. Methods: Recommendations were developed from an evidence review and consensus from a multidisciplinary advisory panel. Results: Identified essential elements for selecting, planning, delivering, and evaluating youth cessation interventions. Conclusions: Until there is more evidence for effectiveness of youth specific cessation interventions, clinicians and practitoners should adopt treatments that use cognitive-behavioral approaches for youth cessation interventions that require careful planning and rigorous evaluation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Canadian Tobacco Control Res Initiat, CCS NCIC Natl Off, Toronto, ON, Canada. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Behav Res Program, Tobacco Control Res Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. GKV Commun, Maryland Act Partnership, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Milton, MH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU PNG PUBLICATIONS PI STAR CITY PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA SN 1087-3244 J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV JI Am. J. Health Behav. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 27 SU 2 BP S159 EP S169 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 758ZR UT WOS:000187713100006 PM 14521243 ER PT J AU Orleans, CT Arkin, EB Backinger, CL Best, A Crossett, L Grossman, D Husten, C Malarcher, A Marshall, T Maule, CO Thornton, AH AF Orleans, CT Arkin, EB Backinger, CL Best, A Crossett, L Grossman, D Husten, C Malarcher, A Marshall, T Maule, CO Thornton, AH TI Youth tobacco cessation collaborative and national blueprint for action SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE adolescent/young adult tobacco cessation AB Objectives: To describe the formation of the Youth Tobacco Cessation Collaborative (YTCC), a voluntary collaborative of leading funders of youth tobacco cessation research and services. Methods: The long-term goal and specific short-term (2-year) goals, strategies, and accomplishments are briefly described with reference to its guiding action plan: National Blueprint for Action: Youth and Young Adult Tobacco-Use Cessation. Results: Aiming to accelerate the pace of discovery and application, YTCC efforts have created a strategic vision for making progress toward filling key knowledge and intervention gaps. Conclusions: Lessons learned about effective partnership are reviewed, and future directions are described. C1 Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Ctr Advancement Hlth, Washington, DC USA. NCI, Tobacco Control Res Branch, Behav Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Vancouver Hosp & Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Evaluat, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Adv Hlth, Washington, DC USA. Canadian Tobacco Control Res Initiat, Toronto, ON, Canada. Amer Legacy Fdn, Washington, DC USA. RP Orleans, CT (reprint author), Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Route 1 & Coll Rd E, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PNG PUBLICATIONS PI STAR CITY PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA SN 1087-3244 J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV JI Am. J. Health Behav. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 27 SU 2 BP S103 EP S119 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 758ZR UT WOS:000187713100002 PM 14521239 ER PT J AU Ewing, R Schmid, T Killingsworth, R Zlot, A Raudenbush, S AF Ewing, R Schmid, T Killingsworth, R Zlot, A Raudenbush, S TI Relationship between urban sprawl and physical activity, obesity, and morbidity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE physical activity; urban design; sprawl; obesity; prevention research ID UNITED-STATES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RANDOMIZED-TRIALS; OPTIMAL-DESIGN; US ADULTS; POLICY; PARTICIPATION; ENVIRONMENT; PREVENTION; WALKING AB Purpose. To determine the relationship between urban sprawl, health, and health-related behaviors. Design. Cross-sectional analysis using hierarchical modeling to relate characteristics of individuals and places to levels of physical activity, obesity, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease. Setting. U.S. counties (448) and metropolitan areas (83). Subjects. Adults (n=206,992) from pooled 1998, 1999, and 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Measures. Sprawl indices, derived with principal components analysis from census and other data, served as independent variables. Self-reported behavior and health status from BRFSS served as dependent variables. Results. After controlling for demographic and behavioral covariates, the county sprawl index had small but significant associations with minutes walked (p=.004), obesity (p<.001), BMI (p=.005), and hypertension (p=.018). Residents of sprawling counties were likely to walk less during leisure time, weigh more, and have greater prevalence of hypertension than residents Of compact counties. At the metropolitan level, sprawl was similarly associated with minutes walked (p=.04) but not with the other variables. Conclusion. This ecologic study reveals that urban form could be significantly associated with some forms of physical activity and some health outcomes. More research is needed to refine measures of urban form, improve measures of physical activity, and control for other individual and environmental influences on physical activity, obesity, and related health outcomes. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Bloustein Sch Planning & Publ Policy, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, DNPA Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, OIIRM, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Educ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Stat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Survey Res Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Ewing, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Natl Ctr Smart Growth, Preinkert Field House, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Loureiro, Nuno/I-6400-2012 OI Loureiro, Nuno/0000-0002-1166-3219 NR 42 TC 581 Z9 591 U1 16 U2 105 PU AMER J HEALTH PROMOTION INC PI KEEGO HARBOR PA 1660 CASS LAKE RD, STE 104, KEEGO HARBOR, MI 48320 USA SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 18 IS 1 BP 47 EP 57 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 728YM UT WOS:000185744000007 PM 13677962 ER PT J AU Wei, F Walsh, CM AF Wei, F Walsh, CM TI Validation of data collection for the HEDIS performance measure on chlamydia screening in an MCO SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC SYNERGY; INFANT PNEUMONITIS; CONJUNCTIVITIS; TRACHOMATIS; DIAGNOSIS; CULTURE; WOMEN AB Objective: To determine the validity of calculating the chlamydia Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS) measure using administrative data available in a mixed-model managed care organization (MCO). Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: A review of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9), Current Procedural Termin-ology (CPT), Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS), and National Drug Code codes and electronic laboratory files in 1998 and a medical chart review to validate sexual activity and chlamydia testing codes specified by the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) in 1999 for the chlamydia HEDIS 2000 measure. Results: Fewer than 25%, of female enrollees with laboratory evidence of a chlamydia test had a CPT code for chlamydia testing as specified by the NCQA. Non-pathogen-specific test codes instead of NCQA-specified codes were used in 1998 to code chlamydia tests. By incorporating electronic laboratory data into the automated claims-generating process, all chlamydia tests performed at staff-model clinics were coded. Use of pharmacy dispensing data to identify contraceptive prescriptions increased the proportion of enrollees classified as sexually active by 4% to 5% vs documentation of sexual activity using ICD-9, CPT, and LICKS codes only. Conclusions: The MCO quality assurance specialists examining chlamydia testing rates under HEDIS may want to evaluate chlamydia testing coding practices in their MCOs to determine whether simple changes in coding practices may present a more accurate picture of actual testing practices. The proportion of female enrollees classified as sexually active using different data available in the staff and network models varied only slightly. C1 HealthPartners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wei, F (reprint author), HealthPartners Res Fdn, POB 1524, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. FU PHS HHS [957-031] NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MED PUBLISHING, M W C COMPANY PI JAMESBURG PA 241 FORSGATE DR, STE 102, JAMESBURG, NJ 08831 USA SN 1088-0224 J9 AM J MANAG CARE JI Am. J. Manag. Care PD SEP PY 2003 VL 9 IS 9 BP 585 EP 593 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 724MY UT WOS:000185492400001 PM 14527104 ER PT J AU Jackson, RJ AF Jackson, RJ TI The impact of the built environment on health: An emerging field SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRANSPORTATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Jackson, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH, Mail Stop F-29,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 18 TC 127 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2003 VL 93 IS 9 BP 1382 EP 1384 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.9.1382 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 716KL UT WOS:000185027300009 PM 12948946 ER PT J AU Librett, JJ Yore, MM Schmid, TL AF Librett, JJ Yore, MM Schmid, TL TI Local ordinances that promote physical activity: A survey of municipal policies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; HEALTH-PROMOTION; ACTIVITY BEHAVIOR; PARTICIPATION; ENVIRONMENT; MEDIATORS; INTERVENTIONS; DETERMINANTS; PREVENTION; CHILDREN AB In this Utah-based study, we sought to identify the types of municipal employees responsible for physical activity policies, identify municipal ordinances that may influence physical activity, and determine local governments' intentions to implement policies. In 2001, we mailed a survey to all of the State's municipalities with the goal of measuring 6 physical activity domains: sidewalks, bicycle lanes, shared-use paths, work sites, greenways, and recreational facilities. Data from 74 municipalities revealed that planners made up a small proportion of municipal staff. Relative to cities experiencing slow or medium growth, high growth cities reported more ordinances encouraging physical activity. Physical activity policies can be monitored across municipalities. Moreover, evidence-based public health practice provides direction for limited staff and funding resources. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Phys Activ & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Librett, JJ (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU 821337] NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2003 VL 93 IS 9 BP 1399 EP 1403 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.9.1399 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 716KL UT WOS:000185027300014 PM 12948951 ER PT J AU Staunton, CE Hubsmith, D Kallins, W AF Staunton, CE Hubsmith, D Kallins, W TI Promoting safe walking and biking to school: The Marin County success story SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Walking and biking to school can be an important part of a healthy lifestyle, yet most US children do not start their day with these activities. The Safe Routes to School Program in Marin County, California, is working to promote walking and biking to school. Using a multipronged approach, the program identifies and creates safe routes to schools and invites communitywide involvement. By its second year, the program was serving 4665 students in 15 schools. Participating public schools reported an increase in school trips made by walking (64%), biking (114%), and carpooling (91%) and a decrease in trips by private vehicles carrying only one student (39%). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Safe Routes Sch, Marin Cty, CA USA. RP Staunton, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mail Stop K-30,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Loureiro, Nuno/I-6400-2012 OI Loureiro, Nuno/0000-0002-1166-3219 NR 4 TC 115 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2003 VL 93 IS 9 BP 1431 EP 1434 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.9.1431 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 716KL UT WOS:000185027300020 PM 12948957 ER PT J AU Carter, SP Carter, SL Dannenberg, AL AF Carter, SP Carter, SL Dannenberg, AL TI Zoning out crime and improving community health in Sarasota, Florida: "Crime prevention through environmental design" SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Sarasota, Fla, used Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) principles to guide revitalization efforts in its crime-ridden North Trail area. A team of city planners, police officers, and architects examined land use and crime data and sought input from local businesses, residents, and community leaders. Beginning in 1990, interventions included increased police patrols to reduce prostitution and the creation of a new zoning district to encourage area redevelopment based on CPTED principles. Compared with the rest of Sarasota, from 1990 to 1998 the North Trail Corridor experienced decreases in calls for police service (P<.005), crimes against persons and property (P=not significant), and prostitution (P<.05). These results suggest that community design may be a useful tool for decreasing crime and improving community health. C1 Carter & Carter Associates, Sarasota, FL 34243 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Carter, SP (reprint author), Carter & Carter Associates, 3760 Maple Hollow Ct, Sarasota, FL 34243 USA. NR 10 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2003 VL 93 IS 9 BP 1442 EP 1445 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.9.1442 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 716KL UT WOS:000185027300023 PM 12948960 ER PT J AU Dannenberg, AL Jackson, RJ Frumkin, H Schieber, RA Pratt, M Kochtitzky, C Tilson, HH AF Dannenberg, AL Jackson, RJ Frumkin, H Schieber, RA Pratt, M Kochtitzky, C Tilson, HH TI The impact of community design and land-use choices on public health: A scientific research agenda SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID OUTDOOR AIR-POLLUTION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BUILT ENVIRONMENT; CHILDREN; TRENDS; SPRAWL; ASTHMA AB The design of a community's built environment influences the physical and mental health of its residents. Because few studies have investigated this relationship, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention hosted a workshop in May 2002 to help develop a scientific research agenda on these issues. Workshop participants' areas of expertise included physical activity, injury prevention, air pollution, water quality, urban planning, transportation, architecture, epidemiology, land use, mental health, social capital, housing, and social marketing. This report describes the 37 questions in the resulting research agenda. The next steps are to define priorities and obtain resources. The proposed research will help identify the best practices for designing new communities and revitalizing old ones in ways that promote physical and mental health. C1 CDC, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. RP Dannenberg, AL (reprint author), CDC, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mail Stop F-30, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 56 TC 137 Z9 137 U1 6 U2 39 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2003 VL 93 IS 9 BP 1500 EP 1508 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.9.1500 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 716KL UT WOS:000185027300033 PM 12948970 ER PT J AU Gaffield, SJ Goo, RL Richards, LA Jackson, RJ AF Gaffield, SJ Goo, RL Richards, LA Jackson, RJ TI Public health effects of inadequately managed stormwater runoff SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER TURBIDITY; LAND-USE; UNITED-STATES; URBAN STORMWATER; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; WISCONSIN; MILWAUKEE; OUTBREAK; IMPACTS; MODEL AB Objectives. This study investigated the scale of the public health risk from stormwater runoff caused by urbanization. Methods. We compiled turbidity data for municipal treated drinking water as an indication of potential risk in selected US cities and compared estimated costs of waterborne disease and preventive measures. Results. Turbidity levels in other US cities were similar to those linked to illnesses in Milwaukee, Wis, and Philadelphia, Pa. The estimated annual cost of waterborne illness is comparable to the long-term capital investment needed for improved drinking water treatment and stormwater management. Conclusions. Although additional data on cost and effectiveness are needed, stormwater management to minimize runoff and associated pollution appears to make sense for protecting public health at the least cost. C1 US EPA, Off Childrens Hlth Protect, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gaffield, SJ (reprint author), Wisconsin Geol & Nat Hist Survey, 3817 Mineral Point Rd, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 94 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2003 VL 93 IS 9 BP 1527 EP 1533 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.9.1527 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 716KL UT WOS:000185027300038 PM 12948975 ER PT J AU Ewing, R Schieber, RA Zegeer, CV AF Ewing, R Schieber, RA Zegeer, CV TI Urban sprawl as a risk factor in motor vehicle occupant and pedestrian fatalities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID INJURY AB Objectives. We sought to determine the association between urban sprawl and traffic fatalities. Methods. We created a sprawl index by applying principal components analysis to data for 448 US counties in the largest 101 metropolitan areas. Regression analysis was used to determine associations between the index and traffic fatalities. Results. For every 1% increase in the index (i.e., more compact, less sprawl), all-mode traffic fatality rates fell by 1.49% (P<.001) and pedestrian fatality rates fell by 1.47% to 3.56%, after adjustment for pedestrian exposure (P<.001). Conclusions. Urban sprawl was directly related to traffic fatalities and pedestrian fatalities. Subsequent studies should investigate relationships at a finer geographic scale and should strive to improve on the measure of exposure used to adjust pedestrian fatality rates. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Edward J Bloustein Sch Planning & Publ Policy, Alan M Voorhees Transportat Ctr, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Highway Safety Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. RP Ewing, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Natl Ctr Smart Growth, Preimkert Field House, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 25 TC 116 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2003 VL 93 IS 9 BP 1541 EP 1545 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.9.1541 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 716KL UT WOS:000185027300040 PM 12948977 ER PT J AU Jones, SE Brener, ND McManus, T AF Jones, SE Brener, ND McManus, T TI Prevalence of school policies, programs, and facilities, that promote a healthy physical school environment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Objectives. We examined the extent to which schools in the United States have health-promoting policies, programs, and facilities. Methods. We analyzed data from the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2000. Results. We found that public schools (vs private and Catholic schools), urban schools (vs rural and suburban schools), and schools with larger enrollments (vs smaller schools) had more health-promoting policies, programs, and facilities in place. On average, middle schools had 11.0 and middle/junior and high schools had 10.4 out of a possible 18 policies, programs, and facilities. Conclusions. Although some schools had many healthy physical environment features, room for improvement exists. Resources are available to help schools improve their health-promoting policies, programs, and facilities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Jones, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2003 VL 93 IS 9 BP 1570 EP 1575 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 716KL UT WOS:000185027300045 ER PT J AU Klenk, K Komar, N AF Klenk, K Komar, N TI Poor replication of West Nile virus (New York 1999 strain) in three reptilian and one amphibian species SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; GARTER SNAKES THAMNOPHIS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; ANTIBODY; YORK; LIZARDS; BIRDS AB Because West Nile (WN) virus primarily cycles between mosquitoes and birds, North American reptiles and amphibians have not been evaluated as reservoir hosts of this virus. We infected three species of reptiles and one species of amphibian: Iguana iguana (green iguana), Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis (Florida garter snake), Trachymes scripta elegans (red-ear slider), and Rana catesbeiana (North American bullfrog). After inoculation with WN virus, some of the green iguanas, bullfrogs, and garter snakes showed low but detectable viral loads in the blood, oral or cloacal swabs, and/or organs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Komar, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 69 IS 3 BP 260 EP 262 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 730NP UT WOS:000185837100012 PM 14628941 ER PT J AU Handzel, T Karanja, DMS Addiss, DG Hightower, AW Rosen, DH Colley, DG Andove, J Slutsker, L Secor, WE AF Handzel, T Karanja, DMS Addiss, DG Hightower, AW Rosen, DH Colley, DG Andove, J Slutsker, L Secor, WE TI Geographic distribution of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths in Western Kenya: Implications for anthelminthic mass treatment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; MORBIDITY; MANSONI; HOOKWORM; CHEMOTHERAPY; PRAZIQUANTEL; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; AFRICA AB A survey of 1,246 children 10-12 years old in 32 primary schools in Kenya near Lake Victoria was conducted to determine prevalence and distribution of schistosome and geohelminth infections. Stool and urine samples were collected and examined for eggs of Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, and intestinal helminths. A questionnaire was used to obtain demographic information and to quantify exposure to surface waters. Houses, schools, and water sources were mapped using a geographic information system. The mean school prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 16.3% (range = 0-80%). Proximity to the lake (r = 0.89, P < 0.001) and contact with lake water were associated with infection, as were specific water-related activities including swimming, fishing, and collecting water. Sixty-three percent of students were infected with one or more other geohelminths and these infections were more homogenously distributed. The separate distributions of schistosome and geohelminth infections have important implications for combined mass-treatment programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidemiol Program Off,Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Handzel, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidemiol Program Off,Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 69 IS 3 BP 318 EP 323 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 730NP UT WOS:000185837100022 PM 14628951 ER PT J AU Satterfield, MB Sniegoski, LT Welch, MJ Nelson, BC Pfeiffer, CM AF Satterfield, MB Sniegoski, LT Welch, MJ Nelson, BC Pfeiffer, CM TI Comparison of isotope dilution mass spectrometry methods for the determination of total homocysteine in plasma and serum SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTICS; METHYLMALONIC ACID; RISK FACTOR; DISEASE; ASSAY; IMMUNOASSAY; HOMOCYST(E)INE; LABORATORIES AB Two independent methods have been critically evaluated and applied to the measurement of total homocysteine in serum and plasma: solid-phase anion extraction (SPAS) gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and protein precipitation liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). In addition, analysis of samples prepared by SPAS was accomplished by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and LC/MS/MS. These methods have been used to determine total homocysteine levels in several existing serum-based Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) from the National Institute of Standards and Technology and in patient plasma samples provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The precision of the homocysteine measurements in serum and plasma was critically evaluated, and method comparisons were carried out using Bland-Altman plots and bias analysis. On the basis of the excellent precision and close agreement of the mass spectrometric (MS) methods, the MS-based methods will be used for certification of a serum-based SRM for homocysteine and folates. C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Satterfield, MB (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 41 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 17 BP 4631 EP 4638 DI 10.1021/ac034207x PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 719FE UT WOS:000185192300047 PM 14632074 ER PT J AU Morgan, BW Barnes, L Parramore, CS Kaufmann, RB AF Morgan, BW Barnes, L Parramore, CS Kaufmann, RB TI Elevated blood lead levels associated with the consumption of moonshine among emergency department patients in Atlanta, Georgia SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DISTILLED ALCOHOL; INTOXICATION; DRINKERS; HUMANS AB Study objectives: In February and March 2000, 4 adult emergency care patients were identified with potentially lethal lead toxicity at Grady Memorial Hospital, an urban Atlanta, GA, hospital. All were moonshine drinkers, prompting concern that lead exposure from moonshine was underrecognized in this setting. Methods: We conducted a 2-phased, nested, cross-sectional study throughout a 14-day period in the emergency care center of Grady Memorial Hospital. The prevalence phase consisted of demographic data collection, eligibility screening, and a brief interview pertaining to alcohol and moonshine consumption. During the nested phase, a full interview and blood lead analyses were conducted on all consenting moonshine drinkers and a time-matched comparison group of non-moonshine drinkers. Results: In the prevalence phase, of 581 patients interviewed, 8.6% reported consuming moonshine in the past 5 years. Moonshine drinkers were predominantly men between the ages of 40 and 59 years. In the nested phase, the median blood lead levels among moonshine drinkers and nondrinkers were 11.0 mug/dL (0.531 mumol/L) and 2.5 mug/dL (0.121 mumol/L), respectively. Moonshine drinkers were significantly more likely to have blood lead levels of 10 mug/dL (0.483 mumol/L) or greater (odds ratio [OR] 10.94; 95% confidence interval 3.76 to 31.85). Patients who consumed moonshine in the previous week were significantly more likely to have a blood lead level of 10 mug/dL (0.483 mumol/L) or greater than were individuals who reported less recent consumption. Patients who consumed moonshine more than once a month were significantly more likely to have a blood lead level of 10 mug/dL (0.483 mumol/L) or greater than were those reporting less frequent use. Moonshine users were more likely to report heavy alcohol use. Conclusion: Moonshine consumption was more prevalent than expected in our patient population and was strongly associated with elevated blood lead levels, particularly among recent moonshine drinkers. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Georgia Poison Ctr, Grady Hlth Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Morgan, BW (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Emergency Med, 69 Jesse Hill Jr Dr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 42 IS 3 BP 351 EP 358 DI 10.1067/mem.2003.308 PG 8 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 716KC UT WOS:000185026500006 PM 12944887 ER PT J AU Terlouw, DJ Nahlen, BL Courval, JM Kariuki, SK Rosenberg, OS Oloo, AJ Kolczak, MS Hawley, WA Lal, AA ter Kuile, FO AF Terlouw, DJ Nahlen, BL Courval, JM Kariuki, SK Rosenberg, OS Oloo, AJ Kolczak, MS Hawley, WA Lal, AA ter Kuile, FO TI Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in treatment of malaria in Western Kenya: Increasing resistance and underdosing SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; SELECTIVE PRESSURE; TRANSMISSION; EFFICACY; DETERMINANTS; CHILDREN; AREA AB Between 1993 and 1999, we monitored the efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in 1,175 children aged <24 months receiving 2,789 treatments for falciparum malaria in western Kenya using a widely deployed age-based dose regimen: infants, 125 plus 6.25 mg (sulfadoxine plus pyrimethamine); children aged 12 to 23 months; 250 plus 12.5 mg. Cumulative treatment failure by day 7, defined as early clinical failure by day 3 or presence of parasitemia on day 7, increased from 18% in 1993 to 1994 to 22% in 1997 to 1998 (P-trend test = 0.20). Based on body weight, the median dose received was 20 plus 1.00 mg/kg, and 73% of the treatments were given at lower than the recommended target dose of 25 plus 1.25 mg/kg. Underdosing accounted for 26% of cumulative treatment failures. After the dose was increased in 1998 (median, 36 plus 1.8 mg/kg), only 4.2% of patients received less than 25 plus 1.25 mg/kg and there was no association with treatment failure. However, the proportion of cumulative treatment failure continued to increase to 27% by 1999 (P-trend test = 0.03). These results raise concern about the longevity of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in these settings. Underdosing may have contributed to the rate at which sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance developed in this area. Treatment guidelines should ensure that adequate doses are given from the initial deployment of antimalarials onward. C1 Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, Unit Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. WHO, Roll Back Malaria, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP ter Kuile, FO (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, Unit Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, Meibergdreef 9,F4-217, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. OI ter Kuile, Feiko/0000-0003-3663-5617 NR 17 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 9 BP 2929 EP 2932 DI 10.1128/AAC.47.9.2929-2932.2003 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 715TH UT WOS:000184988000032 PM 12936996 ER PT J AU Restrepo, MI Velez, JA McElmeel, ML Whitney, CG Jorgensen, JH AF Restrepo, MI Velez, JA McElmeel, ML Whitney, CG Jorgensen, JH TI Activity of daptomycin against recent North American isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO ACTIVITIES; GRAM-POSITIVE PATHOGENS; UNITED-STATES; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA; RESISTANT STRAINS; INVITRO ACTIVITY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; VANCOMYCIN AB Daptomycin MICs at which 50% of isolates were inhibited (MIC(50)s) and MIC(90)s determined by the NCCLS broth microdilution method were both 0.25 mug/ml (range, 0.06 to 2 mug/ml) for 350 pneumococcal isolates. MICs determined by E test strips on commercially prepared Mueller-Hinton sheep blood agars with different calcium contents were 2 to 3 dilutions higher than those determined by strips that contained daptomycin plus calcium. Daptomycin zone diameters varied little on the same media. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jorgensen, JH (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RI Restrepo, Marcos/H-4442-2014 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 9 BP 2974 EP 2977 DI 10.1128/AC.47.9.2974-2977.2003 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 715TH UT WOS:000184988000041 PM 12937005 ER PT J AU Parshionikar, SU Willian-True, S Fout, GS Robbins, DE Seys, SA Cassady, JD Harris, R AF Parshionikar, SU Willian-True, S Fout, GS Robbins, DE Seys, SA Cassady, JD Harris, R TI Waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with a norovirus SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUS; CONTAMINATED DRINKING-WATER; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; HUMAN CALICIVIRUS; MINERAL WATERS; UNITED-STATES AB The Wyoming Department of Health investigated an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis among persons who dined at a tourist saloon in central Wyoming during October 2001. Human caliciviruses (HuCVs) were suspected as the etiological agent of the outbreak based on the incubation period, duration of illness, and symptoms observed in ill patrons. A retrospective cohort study demonstrated that ill patrons were 4.5 times more likely to have exposure to drinking water and/or ice than nonill patrons. No food items were associated with illness. An environmental investigation gave evidence that the saloon's groundwater was contaminated with sewage. Water from the saloon's only well was processed for viruses. The processed water sample and stool samples collected from three ill patrons were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) for the presence of HuCV. All positive RT-PCR results were confirmed by sequence and phylogenetic analyses of cloned RT-PCR products. A genogroup I, subtype 3, HuCV stain was found to be present in the well water sample and two stool samples. In addition, a genogroup II, subtype 6, strain was detected in one stool sample. The identification of the same HuCV strain in both the well water and stool samples strongly suggests a link between exposure to well water and the outbreak of gastroenteritis. The presence of a genogroup II, subtype 6, strain in one of the stool samples suggests that multiple HuCV strains may have been involved in this outbreak. The laboratory isolation of HuCV strains from outbreak-associated drinking water is relatively novel in the United States. This investigation outlines the procedure for virus isolation and illustrates the utility of RT-PCR for the identification of HuCV in large volumes of water and stool samples obtained during outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis. C1 US EPA, NERL, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Reg Water Program 8, Denver, CO USA. Wyoming Dept Hlth, Cheyenne, WY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fout, GS (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 45 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 69 IS 9 BP 5263 EP 5268 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.9.5263-5268.2003 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 723MW UT WOS:000185437000029 PM 12957912 ER PT J AU Ma, Q AF Ma, Q TI Induction and superinduction of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor/aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator transcription activation domains and a labile transcription repressor (vol 404, pg 309, 2002) SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 NIOSH, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch,Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Ma, Q (reprint author), NIOSH, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch,Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 417 IS 1 BP 129 EP 129 DI 10.1016/S0003-9861(03)00337-0 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 714XJ UT WOS:000184939300019 ER PT J AU Naeher, LP Rubin, CS Hernandez-Avila, M Noonan, GP Paschal, D Narciso, J Lain, RE Gastanaga, C Almeyda, R Jarrett, J Caldwell, KL McGeehin, M AF Naeher, LP Rubin, CS Hernandez-Avila, M Noonan, GP Paschal, D Narciso, J Lain, RE Gastanaga, C Almeyda, R Jarrett, J Caldwell, KL McGeehin, M TI Use of isotope ratios to identify sources contributing to pediatric lead poisoning in Peru SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE children; environmental sampling; isotope ratios; lead; Peru ID MINING COMMUNITY; IDENTIFICATION; BLOOD; CHILDREN; GASOLINE; EXPOSURE AB In 1998, a school-based blood lead level (BLL) survey of 2,510 children, conducted in Lima and Callao, Peru, revealed elevated BLLs in children from 2 Callao schools (mean BLL = 25.6 mug/dl; n = 314) and in children from Callao overall (mean BLL = 15.2 mug/dl; n = 898), compared with children from Lima (mean BLL = 7.1 mug/dl; n = 1,612). Public health officials at Peru's Direccion General de Salud Ambiental (DIGESA) hypothesized that a possible source of the elevated pediatric BLLs observed in Callao was a large depository near the port where mineral concentrates are stored prior to shipment. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention worked with DIGESA to identify source(s) that contributed to the pediatric lead poisonings by comparing isotopic profiles of lead in blood, mineral, gasoline, and air filter samples. The lead isotope ratio (IR) observed in mineral samples from the depository in Callao differed from those in gasoline samples from Lima and Callao. The blood lead IRs of children living near the depository were similar to the IRs of the mineral samples and different from the IRs of the gasoline samples, suggesting that lead from the depository-and not gasoline-was the primary source of lead in these children. Lead IR analysis of regional air filter samples supported these findings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Peru Mission, Environm Strateg Object Team, Lima, Peru. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Populat Hlth Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Minist Hlth, Direcc Gen Saud Ambiental, DIGESA, Lima, Peru. RP Naeher, LP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, EHS Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM LNaeher@uga.edu RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009; OI Jarrett, Jeffery/0000-0001-5755-3552 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD SEP PY 2003 VL 58 IS 9 BP 579 EP 589 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 851MS UT WOS:000223689800006 PM 15369276 ER PT J AU Reeves, WC Ruparelia, SS Swanson, KI Derkay, CS Marcus, A Unger, ER AF Reeves, WC Ruparelia, SS Swanson, KI Derkay, CS Marcus, A Unger, ER CA RRP Task Force TI National registry for juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; CHILDREN; DISEASE; TRACHEOTOMY; SEVERITY; SYSTEM; LARYNX AB Background: juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) is an infrequent but debilitating disease. Because JORRP is uncommon, it has proven difficult for studies at single institutions to accurately evaluate its natural history. Objective: To characterize the clinical spectrum of JORRP. Design: Standardized retrospective and prospective medical record abstraction. Setting: Twenty-two tertiary-care pediatric otolaryngology centers throughout the United States. Patients: All patients with JORRP younger than 18 years seen between January 1, 1996, and March 31, 2002. Main Outcome Measures: Demographics, age at diagnosis, anatomic sites of disease, longitudinal disease course, frequency of surgery, need for tracheotomy, and medication history. Results: The registry includes 603 children. The mean age at diagnosis was 4.0 years. The children underwent a mean of 5.1 surgeries annually. Current age, rather than age at diagnosis, was the primary determinant of surgical frequency. The larynx was involved at the time of diagnosis in 96.1% of children, and 87.4% had only 1 anatomic site involved. Children with 1 site involved were significantly older at diagnosis (mean age, 3.9 years) than those with 2 sites (mean age, 2.9 years). Most (74.2%) had stable disease over time, 5.8% showed progression of papillomas to new sites, and 17.9% had no evidence of disease for at least 1 year. Children with disease progression were diagnosed at a significantly younger age than those who remained stable or. became disease-free. Children who required tracheotomy were significantly more likely to have progressive disease. Conclusions: The registry has established the clinical course of JORRP in a large sample representative of the United States. Young age was the most important determinant of disease severity (frequency of surgery, extent of disease at diagnosis, and progression of disease). Addressing questions of pathogenesis and disease course will require a revised data collection instrument and molecular analysis of tissues. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol, Atlanta, GA USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. RP Reeves, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop A-15, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 19 TC 71 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0886-4470 J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 129 IS 9 BP 976 EP 982 DI 10.1001/archotol.129.9.976 PG 7 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 719TH UT WOS:000185220400011 PM 12975271 ER PT J AU Kulig, K Brener, ND McManus, T AF Kulig, K Brener, ND McManus, T TI Sexual activity and substance use among adolescents by category of physical activity plus team sports participation SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RISK BEHAVIOR SURVEY; ATHLETIC PARTICIPATION; HEALTH BEHAVIORS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; YOUTH; EXERCISE; PATTERNS; DISEASE; PREVENTION AB Objective: To determine whether being both vigorously active and a team sports participant or being vigorously physically active but not a team member is associated with substance use and sexual risk behaviors. Design: Cross-sectional, using data from the 1999 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Participants: A nationally representative sample of 15349 US high school students. Main Outcome Measures: Sexual risk behaviors and substance use among those who were both physically active and team sports participants, physically active but not on a sports team, physically nonactive but on a sports team, and physically nonactive and not on a sports team by sex and race/ethnicity, Results: Nationwide, 41.9% of the students were both physically active and participants on a sports team, 22.1% were physically active but not sports team members, 12.6% were physically nonactive sports team members, and 22.3% were physically nonactive and not sports team members. More female (mean [SD], 29.3% [2.2%]) than male students (15.3% [1.9%]) were nonactive, and more male students were both physically active and participants in team sports (48.9% [3.4%]) than were female students (34.8% [3.2%]). Black students were more likely to be physically nonactive in both the team and nonteam categories than were students overall. Relative to nonactive nonteam female students, physically active female students on sports teams were less likely to be substance users or engage in sexual risk behaviors than were active nonteam and nonactive team female students. Other associations Were specific to racial/ethnic subgroups. Conclusion: Overall, being both physically active and a team sports participant was associated with a lower prevalence of several health risk behaviors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kulig, K (reprint author), Pfizer Global Pharmaceut, US Outcomes Res, 235 E 42nd St, New York, NY 10017 USA. NR 34 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 157 IS 9 BP 905 EP 912 DI 10.1001/archpedi.157.9.905 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 717NN UT WOS:000185096300013 PM 12963597 ER PT J AU Faith, MS Heshka, S Keller, KL Sherry, B Matz, PE Pietrobelli, A Allison, DB AF Faith, MS Heshka, S Keller, KL Sherry, B Matz, PE Pietrobelli, A Allison, DB TI Maternal-child feeding patterns and child body weight - Findings from a population-based sample SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PARENTAL INFLUENCES; OBESITY PRONENESS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; EATING BEHAVIOR; RELATIVE WEIGHT; FOOD-INTAKE; ADIPOSITY; ADOLESCENTS; OVERWEIGHT; GENETICS AB Background: Certain mother-child feeding patterns (MCFPs) may promote childhood obesity and/or disordered eating. Objectives: To assess the demographic correlates of MCFPs and to test whether differences in MCFPs are associated with child body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) z scores in a population-based study. Design: A secondary analysis of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth main and child cohorts was conducted on more than 1000 Hispanic, African American, and non-Hispanic/non-African American children, aged 3 to 6 years. The MCFPs were measured by means of 3 interview questions probing mother-allotted child food choice, child compliance during meals, and child obedience during meals. Results: Mothers of non-Hispanic/non-African American children allotted greater food choice than mothers of African American or Hispanic children. Maternal BMI and other demographic measures were unrelated to MCFPs. The lowest levels of mother-allotted child food choice and child eating compliance were associated with reduced child BMI, with mean BMI z scores of -0.36 and -0.41, respectively. Effect sizes were small, however, and MCFPs did not discriminate children who were overweight or at risk for being overweight from children who were not (P>.05). Conclusions: Feeding strategies providing the least child food choice were associated with reduced child BMI. However, MCFPs did not relate to child overweight status. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Weight & Eating Disorders Program, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp Ctr, New York Obes Res Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Psychiat, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY USA. Univ Verona, Sch Med, Pediat Unit, I-37100 Verona, Italy. Univ Alabama, Dept Biostat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Res Clin Nutr, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Faith, MS (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Weight & Eating Disorders Program, 3535 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. OI Allison, David/0000-0003-3566-9399 FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS 318]; NIMH NIH HHS [K08MH01530] NR 37 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 6 U2 13 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 157 IS 9 BP 926 EP 932 DI 10.1001/archpedi.157.9.926 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 717NN UT WOS:000185096300016 PM 12963600 ER PT J AU Dragomir, AD Kraus, VB Luta, G Stabler, T Renner, JB Helmick, CG Hochberg, MC Jordan, JM AF Dragomir, AD Kraus, VB Luta, G Stabler, T Renner, JB Helmick, CG Hochberg, MC Jordan, JM TI Lower levels of 2 putative biomarkers of osteoarthritis (OA) in postmenopausal African American and Caucasian women on current hormone replacement therapy SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 67th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/38th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 23-28, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 48 IS 9 SU S MA 460 BP S211 EP S211 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 723LA UT WOS:000185432800504 ER PT J AU Helmick, C Renner, JB Luta, G Dragomir, AD Kalsbeek, W Abbate, L Hochberg, MC Jordan, JM AF Helmick, C Renner, JB Luta, G Dragomir, AD Kalsbeek, W Abbate, L Hochberg, MC Jordan, JM TI Prevalence of hip pain, radiographic hip osteoarthritis (OA), severe radiographic hip OA, and symptomatic hip OA: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 67th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/38th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 23-28, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 48 IS 9 SU S MA 462 BP S212 EP S212 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 723LA UT WOS:000185432800506 ER PT J AU Helmick, C Renner, J Luta, G Dragomir, AD Kalsbeek, W Abbate, L Hochberg, MC Jordan, JM AF Helmick, C Renner, J Luta, G Dragomir, AD Kalsbeek, W Abbate, L Hochberg, MC Jordan, JM TI Prevalence of knee pain, radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA), severe radiographic knee OA, and symptomatic knee OA: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 67th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/38th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 23-28, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 48 IS 9 SU S MA 461 BP S212 EP S212 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 723LA UT WOS:000185432800505 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM Brady, TJ AF Hootman, JM Brady, TJ TI Demographic determinants of physical inactivity among people with arthritis or chronic joint symptoms. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 67th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/38th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 23-28, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 48 IS 9 SU S MA 1759 BP S672 EP S672 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 723LA UT WOS:000185432801800 ER PT J AU Jordan, JM Renner, JB Luta, G Dragomir, AD Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG AF Jordan, JM Renner, JB Luta, G Dragomir, AD Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG TI Incidence and progression of radiographic knee Osteoarthritis (OA) in African Americans and Caucasians SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 67th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/38th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 23-28, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 48 IS 9 SU S MA 1738 BP S665 EP S665 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 723LA UT WOS:000185432801779 ER PT J AU Jordan, JM Kraus, VB Renner, JB Luta, G Dragomir, AD Stabler, T Vilim, V Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG AF Jordan, JM Kraus, VB Renner, JB Luta, G Dragomir, AD Stabler, T Vilim, V Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG TI Associations between medical co-morbidities and putative biomarkers of osteoarthritis (OA) SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 67th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/38th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 23-28, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Prague Agr Univ, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 48 IS 9 SU S MA 464 BP S213 EP S213 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 723LA UT WOS:000185432800508 ER PT J AU Jordan, JM Renner, JB Luta, G Dragomir, AD Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG AF Jordan, JM Renner, JB Luta, G Dragomir, AD Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG TI Incidence and progression of radiographic hip Osteoarthritis (OA) in African Americans and Caucasians SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 67th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/38th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 23-28, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 48 IS 9 SU S MA 463 BP S212 EP S213 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 723LA UT WOS:000185432800507 ER PT J AU Yood, RA Sacks, JJ Harrold, LR Emani, S Gurwitz, JH Helmick, CG AF Yood, RA Sacks, JJ Harrold, LR Emani, S Gurwitz, JH Helmick, CG TI Validation of a telephone survey surveillance case definition of arthritis: Preliminary results. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 67th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/38th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 23-28, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA C1 Meyers Primary Care Inst, Worcester, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Fallon Clin, Worcester, MA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 48 IS 9 SU S MA 967 BP S393 EP S393 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 723LA UT WOS:000185432801011 ER PT J AU Morse, SA Kellogg, RB Perry, S Meyer, RF Bray, D Nichelson, D Miller, JM AF Morse, SA Kellogg, RB Perry, S Meyer, RF Bray, D Nichelson, D Miller, JM TI Detecting biothreat agents: the laboratory response network SO ASM NEWS LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; BIOLOGICAL TERRORISM; BIOTERRORISM; PREPAREDNESS; ANTHRAX C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Response Network, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Management & Support Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rapid Response & Adv Technol Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Response Branch, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Morse, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Response Network, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0044-7897 J9 ASM NEWS JI ASM News PD SEP PY 2003 VL 69 IS 9 BP 433 EP 437 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 757HZ UT WOS:000187558100011 ER PT J AU Costa, P Kirby, RS AF Costa, P Kirby, RS TI Confidence intervals with birth defects surveillance data: A tempest in a teapot or honestly significant differences of opinion? SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Costa, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 67 IS 9 BP 609 EP 609 DI 10.1002/bdra.10109 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 727YN UT WOS:000185688600004 ER PT J AU Correa-Villasenor, A Satten, GA Rolka, H Langlois, P Devine, O AF Correa-Villasenor, A Satten, GA Rolka, H Langlois, P Devine, O TI Random error and undercounting in birth defects surveillance data: Implications for inference SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID P-VALUES; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; PREVALENCE; EQUIVALENCE; VARIABILITY; STATISTICS; RATES AB BACKGROUND: There has been an ongoing debate among birth defects investigators about whether or not to publish estimates of rates of birth defects with confidence intervals to allow for comparisons of rates across regions and time. A major impediment in resolving this debate has been the lack of a framework for quantifying uncertainties in the data that can be applied uniformly to birth defects surveillance programs. This report presents an overview of random error and ascertainment bias in birth defects surveillance data, and of the implications of these errors for estimation and comparisons of birth defects rates. METHODS: We consider when confidence intervals can be used as part of a strategy to make inference on rates, as well as ratios of or differences between two rates. Worth noting is that confidence intervals only address random error in the data. In the presence of undercounting of cases, estimation of rates and confidence intervals requires knowledge or an estimate of the extent of underascertainment. Rate estimates and confidence intervals that ignore such bias can be misleading. However, if it is reasonable to assume that the ascertainment bias is constant over time (or across regions), then it is possible to make valid comparisons of rates over time (or across regions) using ratio or difference estimators, even when lack of knowledge of the extent of undercounting makes estimating the absolute rate and its confidence interval problematic. Finally, sensitivity analyses can use confidence limits to determine the difference in ascertainment bias necessary to explain an apparent difference in rates. CONCLUSION: Because birth defects surveillance systems have evolved in the absence of agreed upon standards to guide the process, it is difficult to determine the extent to which the variability in rates of birth defects across programs or over time is real or due to differences in surveillance methods. Efforts to develop standards for birth defects surveillance may help to minimize the variability in prevalence of birth defects due to differences in case ascertainment methods and allow for evaluations of real temporal and spatial variations in environmental effects. In the meantime, if comparisons of rates need to be made to address public health concerns, it would be prudent to conduct only such comparisons between regions or across time when the degree of case ascertainment can be assumed to be relatively constant across regions and time. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 67:610-616, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78767 USA. RP Correa-Villasenor, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 67 IS 9 BP 610 EP 616 DI 10.1002/bdra.10110 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 727YN UT WOS:000185688600005 PM 14703782 ER PT J AU Correa-Villasenor, A Cragan, J Kucik, J O'Leary, L Siffel, C Williams, L AF Correa-Villasenor, A Cragan, J Kucik, J O'Leary, L Siffel, C Williams, L TI The metropolitan Atlanta congenital defects program: 35 years of birth defects surveillance at the centers for disease control and prevention SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; PERICONCEPTIONAL MULTIVITAMIN USE; FOLIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; UNITED-STATES; HEART-DEFECTS; SPINA-BIFIDA; RISK FACTOR; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; INFANT-MORTALITY; EARLY-PREGNANCY AB BACKGROUND: The Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) is a population-based birth defects surveillance program administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that has been collecting, analyzing, and interpreting birth defects surveillance data since 1967. This paper presents an overview of MACDP current methods and accomplishments over the past 35 years. METHODS: MACDP actively monitors major birth defects among infants born to residents of five counties of metropolitan Atlanta, an area with approximately 50,000 annual births. Cases are ascertained from multiple sources, coded using a modified British Pediatric Association six-digit code, and reviewed and classified by clinical geneticists. RESULTS: MACDP has monitored trends in birth defects rates and has served as a case registry for descriptive, risk factor, and prognostic studies of birth defects, including studies of Agent Orange exposure among Vietnam War veterans, maternal use of multivitamins, diabetes, febrile illnesses, and survival of children with neural tube defects. MACDP has served as a data source for one of the centers participating in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, and for developing and evaluating neural tube defects prevention strategies related to the periconceptional use of folic acid supplements. CONCLUSIONS: Since its inception, MACDP has served as a resource for the development of uniform methods and approaches to birth defect surveillance across the United States and in many other countries, monitoring birth defects rates, and as a case registry for various descriptive, etiologic, and survival studies of birth defects. MACDP has also served as a training ground for a large number of professionals active in birth defects epidemiology. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(+) C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Correa-Villasenor, A (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 76 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 67 IS 9 BP 617 EP 624 DI 10.1002/bdra.10111 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 727YN UT WOS:000185688600006 PM 14703783 ER PT J AU DeRoo, LA Gaudino, JA Edmonds, LD AF DeRoo, LA Gaudino, JA Edmonds, LD TI Orofacial cleft malformations: Associations with maternal and infant characteristics in Washington State SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORAL CLEFTS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; BIRTH-DEFECTS; ALCOHOL-USE; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; LIP; PALATE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREGNANCY; POPULATION AB BACKGROUND: To characterize the prevalence of orofacial cleft malformations and investigate variations in prevalence according to maternal and infant characteristics, we analyzed a cohort of 298,138 live births delivered between 1987 and 1990 to residents of Washington State. METHODS: Infants with cleft defects were identified using a statewide, population-based birth defects registry. Information on infant and maternal characteristics was obtained from Washington State birth certificates. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to measure the association between potential risk factors and orofacial clefts. Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL +/- CP) and cleft palate (CP) were analyzed separately, depending on the presence or absence of other defects. RESULTS: We identified 608 infants with cleft defects. The prevalences of isolated and non-isolated CL+/-CP were 0.87 and 0.30 per 1,000 live births, respectively. The prevalences of isolated and non-isolated CP were 0.34 and 0.54 per 1,000 live births, respectively. Compared with mothers aged 25-29 years, mothers aged < 20 years were twice as likely to have an infant with isolated CL+/-CP (RR=2.0; 95% CI 1.3, 2.9). Compared to white mothers, black mothers were more likely to have an infant with non-isolated CL+/-CP (RR=2.8; 95% CI 1.2, 6.6). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalences of orofacial clefts in Washington State in 1987-90 were similar to those of other states. This study is among the first to report a greater relative risk for isolated CL+/-CP among the infants of mothers < 20 years compared to older mothers. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 67:637-642, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Washington State Dept Hlth, Off MCH Programs Community & Family Hlth, Olympia, WA USA. CDCP, Pregnancy & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP DeRoo, LA (reprint author), Hop Cantonal Geneva, Div Epidemiol, Rue Micheli Du Crest 25, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland. NR 37 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 67 IS 9 BP 637 EP 642 DI 10.1002/bdra.10114 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 727YN UT WOS:000185688600009 PM 14703786 ER PT J AU Farel, AM Meyer, RE Hicken, M Edmonds, LD AF Farel, AM Meyer, RE Hicken, M Edmonds, LD TI Registry to referral: Using birth defects registries to refer infants and toddlers for early intervention services SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article AB BACKGROUND: Although many birth defect surveillance systems were developed for the primary purpose of monitoring trends and conducting epidemiologic studies, a number of programs have recognized the potential of birth defects monitoring systems for identifying and referring children who may be eligible for services. Because almost all surveillance programs maintain a registry of all children who have been diagnosed with birth defects in a particular state or other defined geographic region, registries can play an important role in identifying eligible children and providing timely referral to specialized services. METHODS: We sent electronically an 18-question survey to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's list of State Birth Defects Surveillance Contacts in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. The survey queried states as to whether they had or were developing a birth defect surveillance program, the extent to which they were currently using or were considering using their program as a means of identifying and referring children for services, and if so, the manner in which referrals were made. RESULTS: We received completed surveys from all 50 states, Washington, DC, and Puerto Rico. Thirty-two of the fifty-two respondents stated that their state or entity has an operational birth defect surveillance program. Of these, 13 have implemented an identification and referral system within the surveillance program. All 16 states that were planning a surveillance program are also are planning or beginning to implement a program that would include an identification and referral system. Respondents cited lack of resources and confidentiality concerns as being the major barriers to implementing a referral system for their registry. CONCLUSIONS: For many registries, using their surveillance data for program development purposes represents a new undertaking. This trend reflects increasing recognition of the role that state-based birth defect surveillance systems can play in supporting child-find efforts for children with special needs. In the long run, this expanded focus may further enhance the public health usefulness of birth defect surveillance programs. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 67:647-650, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, N Carolina Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Div Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Farel, AM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, CB 7445, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 67 IS 9 BP 647 EP 650 DI 10.1002/bdra.10116 PG 4 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 727YN UT WOS:000185688600011 PM 14703788 ER PT J AU Heck, KE Schoendorf, KC Chavez, GF Braveman, P AF Heck, KE Schoendorf, KC Chavez, GF Braveman, P TI Does postpartum length of stay affect breastfeeding duration? A population-based study SO BIRTH-ISSUES IN PERINATAL CARE LA English DT Article ID HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; NEWBORNS; MOTHERS AB Background: Short postpartum hospital stays may leave inadequate time for women to receive assistance with breastfeeding. Women leaving the hospital early may also have household responsibilities that could interfere with breastfeeding. This study examined the relationship between postpartum length of stay and breastfeeding cessation. Methods: This study used data from 10,519 respondents to the California Maternal and Infant Health Assessment (MIHA) surveys from 1999 to 2001. MIHA is an annual statewide stratified random sample, population-based study of childbearing women in California. Survival analysis was used to examine the relationship between length of stay and length of time breastfeeding. Women were asked about the number of nights their infant stayed in the hospital at birth, whether they breastfed, and if so, the age of the child when they stopped. Hospital stay was defined in three categories: standard (2 nights for a vaginal delivery, 4 nights for a cesarean section), or shorter or longer than the standard stay. Results: Approximately 88 percent of women initiated breastfeeding. Unadjusted predictors of breastfeeding cessation included short or long postpartum stay; young maternal age; Hispanic, African American, or Asian/Pacific Islander race/ethnicity; being unmarried; low income or education level; primiparity; being born in the 50 United States or the District of Columbia; smoking during pregnancy; and low infant birthweight. After adjustment for potential confounders, women with a short stay remained slightly more likely to terminate breastfeeding than women with a standard stay (relative risk, 1.11, 95% confidence interval 1.01, 1.23). Conclusion: Women who leave the hospital earlier than the standard recommended stay are at somewhat increased risk of terminating breastfeeding early. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sacramento, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Heck, KE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Youth Dev 4H, 3321 Hart Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 16 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0730-7659 J9 BIRTH-ISS PERINAT C JI Birth-Issue Perinat. Care PD SEP PY 2003 VL 30 IS 3 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1046/j.1523-536X.2003.00239.x PG 7 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 708MZ UT WOS:000184572900002 PM 12911797 ER PT J AU Brown, JK Byers, T Doyle, C Coumeya, KS Demark-Wahnefried, W Kushi, LH McTiernan, A Rock, CL Aziz, N Bloch, AS Eldridge, B Hamilton, K Katzin, C Koonce, A Main, J Mobley, C Morra, ME Pierce, MS Sawyer, KA AF Brown, JK Byers, T Doyle, C Coumeya, KS Demark-Wahnefried, W Kushi, LH McTiernan, A Rock, CL Aziz, N Bloch, AS Eldridge, B Hamilton, K Katzin, C Koonce, A Main, J Mobley, C Morra, ME Pierce, MS Sawyer, KA TI Nutrition and physical activity during and after cancer treatment: An American Cancer Society guide for informed choices SO CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS LA English DT Review ID CELL LUNG-CANCER; RECEIVING ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; BREAST-CANCER; PROSTATE-CANCER; BETA-CAROTENE; DIETARY-FAT; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; POOLED ANALYSIS AB Cancer survivors are often highly motivated to seek information about food choices, physical activity, dietary supplement use, and complementary nutritional therapies to improve their treatment outcomes, quality of life, and survival. To address these concerns, the American Cancer Society (ACS) convened a group of experts in nutrition, physical activity, and cancer to evaluate the scientific evidence and best clinical practices related to optimal nutrition and physical activity after the diagnosis of cancer. This report summarizes their findings and is intended to present health care providers with the best possible information on which to help cancer survivors and their families make informed choices related to nutrition and physical activity. The report discusses nutrition and physical activity issues during the phases of cancer treatment and recovery, living after recovery from treatment, and living with advanced cancer; selected nutritional and physical activity issues such as body weight, food choices, and complementary and alternative nutritional options; and selected issues related to breast, colorectal, lung, prostate, head and neck, and upper gastrointestinal cancers. In addition, handouts containing commonly asked questions and answers and a resource list are provided for survivors and families. Tables that grade the scientific evidence for benefit versus harm related to nutrition and physical activity for breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers are also included for this growing, body of knowledge to provide guidance for informed decision making and to identify areas for future research. (CA Cancer J Clin 2003,53:268-291.) (C) American Cancer Society, 2003. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Sch Nursing, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Univ Alberta, Fac Phys Educ, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Canc Prevent & Control Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NCI, Off Canc Survivorship, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. St Alphonsus Canc Treatment Ctr, Boise, ID USA. Carol G Simon Canc Ctr, Morristown, NJ USA. St Johns Hlth Ctr, Ctr Hlth Enhancement, Santa Monica, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Serv Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Santa Barbara Athlet Club, Santa Barbara, CA USA. WellFit Program, Santa Barbara, CA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Morra Commun, Milford, CT USA. Univ Tennessee, Coll Nursing, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Brown, JK (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Sch Nursing, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. OI Kushi, Lawrence/0000-0001-9136-1175 NR 147 TC 178 Z9 180 U1 3 U2 22 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0007-9235 J9 CA-CANCER J CLIN JI CA-Cancer J. Clin. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 53 IS 5 BP 268 EP 291 PG 24 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 731DT UT WOS:000185869800002 PM 14570227 ER PT J AU Teitelbaum, SL Britton, JA Gammon, MD Schoenberg, JB Brogan, DJ Coates, RJ Daling, JR Malone, KE Swanson, CA Brinton, LA AF Teitelbaum, SL Britton, JA Gammon, MD Schoenberg, JB Brogan, DJ Coates, RJ Daling, JR Malone, KE Swanson, CA Brinton, LA TI Occupation and breast cancer in women 20-44 years of age (United States) SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE breast neoplasms; case-control studies; occupations; risk factors ID RISK-FACTORS; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; YOUNGER WOMEN; EARLY-ONSET; POPULATION; EXPOSURES; MORTALITY; PATTERNS AB Objective: To examine the relation between breast cancer risk and job history among women 20 - 44 years of age who participated in a multi-center, population-based, case - control study. Methods: Participants consisted of women newly diagnosed with breast cancer ( 1642) and controls identified by random-digit dialing ( 1494). Details about the three longest jobs were collected and coded by an industrial hygienist. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated and adjusted for age, study site, and other breast cancer risk factors. Results: Several occupational and industrial categories were found to influence breast cancer risk. Strati. cation of the study population by parity revealed differences in breast cancer risk between the two groups for several occupational categories, including teachers, librarians or counselors ( increased risk only among parous women) and natural scientists and mathematicians ( decreased risk only among nulliparous women). Conclusions: This is among the first population-based case - control studies to examine occupational history and breast cancer risk in young women, with the ability to consider a wide array of potential confounders, including reproductive characteristics. This study provides further evidence of an increased breast cancer risk for several occupations and industries. Other findings were not as strongly supported by previous investigations. C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Div Environm Hlth Sci, New York, NY 10029 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Canc Epidemiol Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Washington, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Teitelbaum, SL (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Div Environm Hlth Sci, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1043, New York, NY 10029 USA. RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 NR 40 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD SEP PY 2003 VL 14 IS 7 BP 627 EP 637 DI 10.1023/A:1025682810900 PG 11 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 720LB UT WOS:000185261300004 PM 14575360 ER PT J AU Howe, HL Edwards, BK Young, JL Shen, TF West, DW Hutton, M Correa, CN AF Howe, HL Edwards, BK Young, JL Shen, TF West, DW Hutton, M Correa, CN TI A vision for cancer incidence surveillance in the United States SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE cancer surveillance; epidemiology; neoplasms; public health; surveillance ID PROSTATE-CANCER; REGISTRY DATA; RATES; US; HEALTH; AGE; MORTALITY; OUTCOMES; TRENDS; NATION AB A comprehensive framework for cancer surveillance should span the entire lifespan and be capable of providing information on risk, burden, disparity, cost, cancer care, survival, and death. Cancer incidence, the point in the continuum when an individual is diagnosed with cancer, has a strong, well-developed system to produce information about newly diagnosed cancer cases. However, in the future, this system must be enhanced and integrated with other cancer surveillance networks and other systems to provide timely information on the burden of newly diagnosed patients with respect to various cross-cutting population characteristics ( e. g., social, economic, race/ethnic, urbanicity, or access to care) to define, monitor, and reduce incidence and various disparities noted among population groups. Collaboration in data collection, standard setting, surveillance activities, research, education and training, data use, and advocacy among all registries and national programs will be important to the continued success of the cancer incidence surveillance system. The cancer registry is an integral part of the infrastructure to reduce the burden of cancer, including the numbers of newly diagnosed cases. C1 NAACCR Inc, Springfield, IL 62704 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. No Calif Canc Ctr, Union City, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Louisiana Tumor Registry, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Howe, HL (reprint author), NAACCR Inc, 2121 W White Oaks Dr, Springfield, IL 62704 USA. NR 48 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD SEP PY 2003 VL 14 IS 7 BP 663 EP 672 DI 10.1023/A:1025667524781 PG 10 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 720LB UT WOS:000185261300008 PM 14575364 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Mannino, DM Williams, SG AF Ford, ES Mannino, DM Williams, SG TI Asthma and influenza vaccination - Findings from the 1999-2001 National Health Interview Surveys SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE asthma; health surveys; influenza; vaccination ID MEDICAL CONDITIONS; CHILDREN; ADULTS; RATES; IMMUNIZATION; DISEASE; IMPACT; HOSPITALIZATION; QUESTIONNAIRE; METAANALYSIS AB Study objectives: People with asthma are at high risk for complications from influenza; therefore, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends an annual influenza vaccination for people with asthma. Because little is known about such vaccination rates among adults, especially those aged IS to 49 years and 50 to 64 years, we sought to estimate influenza vaccination rates among US adults. Design: Cross-sectional analyses of the 1999 to 2001 National Health Interview Surveys. Setting: US population. Participants: Representative samples of US adults aged greater than or equal to 18 years. Measurements and results: Asthma status and receipt of influenza vaccination during the past 12 months were self-reported. We found that 35.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 33.0 to 37.0%), 36.7% (95% CI, 34.7 to 38.6%), and 33.3% (95% CI, 31.6 to 35.0%) of participants with asthma reported having had an influenza vaccination in 1999 (n = 2,620), 2000 (n = 3,007), and 2001 (n = 3,582), respectively. Among participants aged 18 to 49 years, the vaccination rates were 20.9% (SE 1.2%), 22.7% (SE 1.2%), and 21.1% (SE 1.0%), respectively. Among participants aged 50 to 64 years, the vaccination rates were 46.2% (SE 2.6%), 47.8% (SE 2.3%), and 42.3% (SE 2.1%), respectively. Vaccination rates increased strongly with age and with education in each year. Associations with sex or with race or ethnicity were inconsistent during the 3 years. Conclusions: The suboptimal vaccination rates among people with asthma aged 18 to 64 years suggest the need to increase influenza vaccination rates in this age group. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 43 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD SEP PY 2003 VL 124 IS 3 BP 783 EP 789 DI 10.1378/chest.124.3.783 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 721XQ UT WOS:000185344100006 PM 12969998 ER PT J AU Foreman, MG Mannino, DM Moss, M AF Foreman, MG Mannino, DM Moss, M TI Cirrhosis as a risk factor for sepsis and death - Analysis of the National Hospital Discharge Survey SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE acute respiratory failure; adult; health care; ICU; liver cirrhosis; outcome assessment; sepsis ID ALCOHOLIC LIVER-CIRRHOSIS; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; INFECTIONS; MORTALITY; PREDICTORS; PROGNOSIS; STATES AB Study objectives: The unfavorable influence of cirrhosis on survival in the critically ill has been supported by several single-center reports. Variations in case mix, the technological capabilities of individual facilities, and differences in organizational staffing and structure could limit the extrapolation and generalization of these data to other institutions. To assess the impact of a diagnosis of cirrhosis on outcomes of sepsis, sepsis-related mortality, and respiratory failure in hospitalized patients, we analyzed data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) from 1995 to 1999 to determine its national consequence. Design: Secondary analysis of an existing national database. Patients or participants: Based on NHDS estimates, 175 million hospital discharges occurred during the 5-year period of study. One percent (1.7 million) of these hospitalizations involved a diagnosis of cirrhosis. Interventions: None. Measurements and results: After adjustments for age, race, and gender, cirrhotic individuals are significantly more likely to die. while hospitalized (adjusted risk ratio [1111], 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3 to 3.1), to have hospitalizations associated with sepsis (adjusted RR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.9 to 3.3), and to die from sepsis (adjusted RR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.6). Additionally, cirrhosis is associated with an increased RR for acute respiratory failure (adjusted RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.8) and death from acute respiratory failure (adjusted RR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.5 to 3.6). Conclusions: In this national database of hospital discharge information, a diagnosis of cirrhosis is strongly associated with an increased risk of sepsis, acute respiratory failure, sepsis-related mortality, and acute respiratory failure-related mortality. C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Foreman, MG (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Dept Med, 720 Westview Dr SW, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828; Foreman, Marilyn/0000-0002-9405-7475 FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R21 AA 12779-02] NR 18 TC 130 Z9 140 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD SEP PY 2003 VL 124 IS 3 BP 1016 EP 1020 DI 10.1378/chest.124.3.1016 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 721XQ UT WOS:000185344100040 PM 12970032 ER PT J AU Biagini, RE Schlottmann, SA Sammons, DL Smith, JP Snawder, JC Striley, CAF MacKenzie, BA Weissman, DN AF Biagini, RE Schlottmann, SA Sammons, DL Smith, JP Snawder, JC Striley, CAF MacKenzie, BA Weissman, DN TI Method for simultaneous measurement of antibodies to 23 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; FLUORESCENT MICROSPHERE IMMUNOASSAY; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; C-POLYSACCHARIDE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; REFERENCE SERUM; MODEL AB We describe a fluorescent covalent microsphere immunoassay (FCMIA) method for the simultaneous (multiplexed) measurement of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to 23 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PnPS) serotypes present in the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) licensed by the Food and Drug Administration, i.e., PnPSs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 8, 9N, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 17F, 18C, 19A, 19F, 20, 22F, 23F, and 33F. In addition, the assay incorporates an internal control that allows for contemporaneous evaluation of the effectiveness of pneumococcal cell wall polysaccharide (C-PS) preadsorption and a second control of PnPS 25 (which is not present in any polysaccharide or conjugate vaccine), which can be used to evaluate interassay reproducibility (useful for pre- versus postvaccination studies). The FCMIA was standardized with U.S. reference antipneumococcal serotype standard serum 89S-2. Preadsorption of 89S-2 with each PnPS and C-PS yielded homologous inhibition for serotypes 1, 6B, 9N, 9V, 11A, 12F,14,15B, 18C, 19A, 19F, 20, 22F, 25, and 33F; heterologous inhibition for serotypes 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15B, 17F, 20, and 23F; and neither homologous nor heterologous inhibition for serotypes 2, 3, 4, and 5. The minimum detectable concentrations for the 24 multiplexed (PnPS and C-PS) FCMIAs ranged from 20 pg/ml for PnPS 3 to 600 pg/ml for PnPS 14. The PnPS FCMIA method has numerous benefits over enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays commonly used to measure anti-PnPS-specific IgG levels, including increased speed, smaller sample volumes, equivalent or better sensitivity, and increased dynamic range. C1 NIOSH, CDCP, Div Appl Res & Technol,Biol Monitoring Lab Sect, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, CDCP, Analyt Serv Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Biagini, RE (reprint author), NIOSH, CDCP, Div Appl Res & Technol,Biol Monitoring Lab Sect, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, MS-C26,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y02ES10189] NR 21 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 744 EP 750 DI 10.1128/CDLI.10.5.744-750.2003 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 722NQ UT WOS:000185383000003 PM 12965898 ER PT J AU Morrison, CJ Hurst, SF Reiss, E AF Morrison, CJ Hurst, SF Reiss, E TI Competitive binding inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that uses the secreted aspartyl proteinase of Candida albicans as an antigenic marker for diagnosis of disseminated candidiasis SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LATEX AGGLUTINATION-TEST; SERUM D-ARABINITOL; INVASIVE CANDIDIASIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; UNITED-STATES; PLASMA (1->3)-BETA-D-GLUCAN; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING AB The secreted aspartyl proteinases (Saps) of Candida albicans have been implicated as virulence factors associated with adherence and tissue invasion. The potential use of proteinases as markers of invasive candidiasis led us to develop a competitive binding inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect Sap in clinical specimens. Daily serum and urine specimens were collected from rabbits that had been immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide and cortisone acetate and infected intravenously with 107 C. albicans blastoconidia. Disseminated infection was confirmed by organ culture and histopathology. Although ELISA inhibition was observed when serum specimens from these rabbits were used, more significant inhibition, which correlated with disease progression, occurred when urine specimens were used. Urine collected as early as I day after infection resulted in significant ELISA inhibition (mean inhibition +/- standard error [SE] compared with preinfection control urine, 15.7% +/- 2.7% [P < 0.01]), and inhibition increased on days 2 through 5 (29.4% +/- 4.8% to 44.5% +/- 3.5% [P < 0.001]). Urine specimens from immunosuppressed rabbits infected intravenously with Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus, or Staphylococcus aureus were negative in the assay despite culture-proven dissemination. Nonimmunosuppressed rabbits receiving oral tetracycline and gentamicin treatment were given 2 X 10(8) C. albicans blastoconidia orally or intraurethrally to establish colonization of the gastrointestinal tract or bladder, respectively, without systemic dissemination; urine specimens from these rabbits also gave negative ELISA results. Dissemination to the kidney and spleen occurred in one rabbit challenged by intragastric inoculation, and urine from this rabbit demonstrated significant inhibition in the ELISA (mean inhibition SE by day 3 after infection, 32.9% +/- 2.7% [P < 0.001]). The overall test sensitivity was 83%, the specificity was 92%, the positive predictive value was 84%, the negative predictive value was 91%, and the efficiency was 89% (166 urine samples from 33 rabbits tested). The specificity, positive predictive value, and efficiency could be increased to 97, 95, and 92%, respectively, if at least two positive test results were required for a true positive designation. The ELISA was sensitive and specific for the detection of Sap in urine specimens from rabbits with disseminated C. albicans infection, discriminated between colonization and invasive disease, reflected disease progression and severity, and has the potential to be a noninvasive means to diagnose disseminated candidiasis. C1 CDCP, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Morrison, CJ (reprint author), CDCP, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-11,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 89 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 835 EP 848 DI 10.1128/CDLI.10.5.835-848.2003 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 722NQ UT WOS:000185383000019 PM 12965914 ER PT J AU Tondella, MLC Galagoda, G Gaydos, CA Boman, J AF Tondella, MLC Galagoda, G Gaydos, CA Boman, J TI Is Chlamydia pneumoniae present in cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients? SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; SPINAL-FLUID; INFECTION; SAMPLES; ASSAYS; PCR C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Umea Univ, Dept Virol, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden. RP Tondella, MLC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 977 EP 978 DI 10.1128/CDLI.10.5.977-978.2003 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 722NQ UT WOS:000185383000043 PM 12965938 ER PT J AU Huang, QS Carr, JM Nix, WA Oberste, MS Kilpatrick, DR Pallansch, MA Croxson, MC Lindeman, JA Baker, MG Grimwood, K AF Huang, QS Carr, JM Nix, WA Oberste, MS Kilpatrick, DR Pallansch, MA Croxson, MC Lindeman, JA Baker, MG Grimwood, K TI An echovirus type 33 winter outbreak in New Zealand SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the New Zealand-Microbiology-Society CY NOV 18-21, 2001 CL WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND SP New Zealand Microbiol Soc ID ENTEROVIRUS INFECTIONS; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; TYPE-33 INFECTION; MENINGITIS; ECHO; IDENTIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS; SEROTYPE; SEQUENCE; VIRUSES AB Echovirus type 33 (E33) is a relatively uncommon enterovirus. An E33 outbreak during the winter of 2000 in New Zealand led to 75 virologically-confirmed cases of E33 infection (2.6 cases per 100,000 individuals). Sixty-six (88%) of the 75 patients were aged <30 years, with the highest rates of infection recorded in Maori and Pacific ethnic groups. Overall, 47 (84%) of 56 patients whose cases were analyzed had either aseptic meningitis or encephalitis. Central nervous system involvement was more common after infancy (43 of 45 non-infant patients vs. 4 of 11 infants [relative risk, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.5-4.3]). Two infants died, including a neonate with fulminant hepatitis. Independent of symptom duration, neutrophil-predominant pleocytosis was detected in 17 (41%) of 41 cerebrospinal fluid specimens. Virus isolates could not be definitively typed by antibody neutralization testing but were identified as E33 by partial sequencing of the VP-1 capsid gene. The isolates were closely related to strains from Australia and Oman. Molecular typing, together with a serotype-specific E33 PCR, improved the speed and effectiveness of the outbreak investigation. C1 Wellington Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Communicable Dis Grp, Inst Environm Sci & Res, Wellington, New Zealand. Wellington Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Paediat, Wellington, New Zealand. Auckland Hosp, Dept Virol & Immunol, Auckland, New Zealand. Waikato Hosp, Virol Lab, Hamilton, New Zealand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enterovirus Sect, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Huang, QS (reprint author), Wellington Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Communicable Dis Grp, Inst Environm Sci & Res, POB 50348, Wellington, New Zealand. RI Grimwood, Keith/F-9334-2011 NR 36 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 5 BP 650 EP 657 DI 10.1086/376915 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 715YK UT WOS:000185001900005 PM 12942395 ER PT J AU Holmberg, SD Hamburger, ME Moorman, AC Wood, KC Palella, FJ AF Holmberg, SD Hamburger, ME Moorman, AC Wood, KC Palella, FJ CA HIV Outpatient Study Investigators TI Factors associated with maintenance of long-term plasma human immunodeficiency virus RNA suppression SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID THERAPY; COHORT; INFECTION; VIREMIA AB To analyze factors associated with long-term (greater than or equal to2 years) suppression of virus load (VL), we performed a nested case-control analysis of 1235 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Outpatient Study cohort participants who were well characterized by multiple VL and CD4(+) cell count determinations. Of these patients, 286 (23.1%) had maintained undetectable VLs (i.e., <400 copies/mm(3) or <50 copies/mm(3)) for greater than or equal to2 years. Being treatment naive at the start of antiretroviral therapy was associated with a greater likelihood of achieving long-term suppression of VL (odds ratio [OR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.0; P = .028). In multivariate models, abacavir, indinavir, efavirenz, and drug combinations that included both lamivudine and indinavir were the most effective treatments for achieving long-term suppression of VL ( adjusted OR for each, >3.6; P value for each, <.01). Long-term suppression of VL is more likely in treatment-naive than in treatment-experienced patients, but there were several drugs-abacavir, efavirenz, indinavir, and drug combinations including lamivudine and indinavir-that appeared to be effective, whether they were part of a first or subsequent drug regimen. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cerner Corp, Vienna, VA USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Chicago, IL USA. RP Holmberg, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mailstop E-45,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 5 BP 702 EP 707 DI 10.1086/376992 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 715YK UT WOS:000185001900014 PM 12942404 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Mokdad, AH Giles, WH Brown, DW AF Ford, ES Mokdad, AH Giles, WH Brown, DW TI The metabolic syndrome and antioxidant concentrations - Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO DIABETES LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; VITAMIN-E; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; OXIDATIVE STRESS; FREE-RADICALS; SYNDROME-X AB Oxidative stress may play a role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, but little is known about antioxidant status among individuals with the metabolic syndrome who are at high risk for developing these conditions. Using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988 - 1994), we compared circulating concentrations of vitamins A, C, and E; retinyl esters; five carotenoids; and selenium in 8,808 U.S. adults aged greater than or equal to20 years with and without the metabolic syndrome. After adjusting for age, sex, race or ethnicity, education, smoking status, cotinine concentration, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, and vitamin or mineral use, participants with the metabolic syndrome had significantly lower concentrations of retinyl esters, vitamin C, and carotenoids, except lycopene. With additional adjustment for serum lipid concentrations, vitamin E concentrations were significantly lower in participants with the metabolic syndrome than those without the syndrome. Retinol concentrations were similar between the two groups. After excluding participants with diabetes, the results were very similar. Consumption of fruits and vegetables was also lower among people with the metabolic syndrome. Adults with the metabolic syndrome have suboptimal concentrations of several antioxidants, which may partially explain their increased risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Ctr, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Ctr, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 46 TC 202 Z9 214 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0012-1797 J9 DIABETES JI Diabetes PD SEP PY 2003 VL 52 IS 9 BP 2346 EP 2352 DI 10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2346 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 716KP UT WOS:000185027600020 PM 12941775 ER PT J AU Zhang, P Engelgau, MM Valdez, R Benjamin, SM Cadwell, B Narayan, KMV AF Zhang, P Engelgau, MM Valdez, R Benjamin, SM Cadwell, B Narayan, KMV TI Costs of screening for pre-diabetes among US adults - A comparison of different screening strategies SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; LIFE-STYLE; POPULATION; PREVENTION AB OBJECTIVE - We evaluated various strategies to identify individuals aged 45-74 years with pre-diabetes (either impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We conducted a cost analysis to evaluate the effectiveness (proportion of cases identified), total costs, and efficiency (cost per case identified) of five detection strategies: an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test, an HbA(1c), test, a capillary blood glucose (CBG) test, and a risk assessment questionnaire. For the first strategy, all individuals received an OGTT. For the last four strategies, only those with a positive screening test received an OGTT. Data were from the Third U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2000 census, Medicare, and published literature. One-time screening costs were estimated from both a single-payer perspective and a societal perspective. RESULTS - The proportion of pre-diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes identified ranged from 69% to 100% (12.1-17.5 million). The cost per case identified ranged from $176 to $236 from a single-payer perspective and from $247 to $332 from a societal perspective. Testing all with OGTT was the most effective strategy, but the CBG test and risk assessment questionnaire were the most efficient. If people are substantially less willing to take an OGTT than a FPG test, then the FPG testing strategy was the most effective strategy. CONCLUSIONS - There is a tradeoff between effectiveness and efficiency in choosing a strategy. The most favorable strategy depends on if the goal of the screening program is to identify more cases or to pursue the lowest cost per case. The expected percentage of the population willing to take an OGTT is also a consideration. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Zhang, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Mailstop K-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 19 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD SEP PY 2003 VL 26 IS 9 BP 2536 EP 2542 DI 10.2337/diacare.26.9.2536 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 720AU UT WOS:000185239000008 PM 12941715 ER PT J AU Satterfield, DW Volansky, M Caspersen, CJ Engelgau, MM Bowman, BA Gregg, EW Geiss, LS Hosey, GM May, J Vinicor, F AF Satterfield, DW Volansky, M Caspersen, CJ Engelgau, MM Bowman, BA Gregg, EW Geiss, LS Hosey, GM May, J Vinicor, F TI Community-based lifestyle interventions to prevent type 2 diabetes SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Review ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; RISK-FACTORS; PROGRAM; POPULATIONS; PREVALENCE; MELLITUS; PROJECT; REDUCE; EXERCISE; OBESITY AB OBJECTIVE - To conduct a literature review of community-based interventions intended to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Recently published findings about the potential to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes with intensive lifestyle interventions prompted a literature search for community-based diabetes prevention interventions. The literature review design was a search of databases for publications in 1990-2001 that identified reports on community-based interventions designed to prevent or modify risk factors for type 2 diabetes. RESULTS - The search revealed 16 published interventions, 8 of which were conducted in the U.S. and involved populations disproportionately burdened by diabetes (e.g., American Indians, Native Hawaiians, Mexican Americans, and African Americans). Of the studies reporting results among youth, there were posttest improvements in intervention groups in knowledge, preventive behaviors, and self-esteem. Among studies reporting results among adults, most reported improvements in intervention groups in knowledge or adoption of regular physical activity. Several investigators offered important reflections about the process of engaging communities and sharing decision making in participatory research approaches, as well as insights about the expectations and limitations of community-based diabetes prevention research. Many of the studies reported limitations in their design, including the lack of control or comparison groups, low response rates or lack of information on nonresponders, or brief intervention periods. CONCLUSIONS - There is a critical need to conduct and publish reports on well-designed community-based diabetes prevention research and share information on the process, results, and lessons learned. Armed with recent positive findings about diabetes prevention and literature documenting community-based efforts, advocates at local, state, and national levels can collaborate to stem the rising tide of diabetes in communities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Satterfield, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, 2858 Woodcock Blvd,Davidson Bldg,Rm 1028, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009 NR 36 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD SEP PY 2003 VL 26 IS 9 BP 2643 EP 2652 DI 10.2337/diacare.26.9.2643 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 720AU UT WOS:000185239000026 PM 12941733 ER PT J AU Garfield, SA Malozowski, S Chin, MH Narayan, KMV Glasgow, RE Green, LW Hiss, RG Krumholz, HM AF Garfield, SA Malozowski, S Chin, MH Narayan, KMV Glasgow, RE Green, LW Hiss, RG Krumholz, HM CA Diabet Mellitus Interagency Coordi TI Considerations for diabetes translational research in real-world settings SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Editorial Material ID BEHAVIORAL-SCIENCE RESEARCH; COMMUNITY SETTINGS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; CHRONIC DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; CARE; MANAGEMENT; COMPLICATIONS C1 NIDDKD, Div Endocrinol & Metab Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Kaiser Permanente, Clin Res Unit, Canon City, CO USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Med Educ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Garfield, SA (reprint author), NIDDKD, Div Endocrinol & Metab Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 44 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD SEP PY 2003 VL 26 IS 9 BP 2670 EP 2674 DI 10.2337/diacare.26.9.2670 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 720AU UT WOS:000185239000029 PM 12941736 ER PT J AU Stevenson, KB Samore, M Barbera, J Moore, JW Hannah, E Houck, P Tenover, FC Gerberding, JL AF Stevenson, KB Samore, M Barbera, J Moore, JW Hannah, E Houck, P Tenover, FC Gerberding, JL TI Detection of antimicrobial resistance by small rural hospital microbiology laboratories: comparison of survey responses with current NCCLS laboratory standards SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASES; UNITED-STATES HOSPITALS; INFECTION-CONTROL; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; CONTROL PROGRAMS; HEALTH-CARE; PREVALENCE; SURVEILLANCE; VANCOMYCIN AB Microbiology laboratory personnel from 77 rural hospitals in Idaho, Nevada, Utah, and eastern Washington were surveyed in July 2000 regarding their routine practices for detecting antimicrobial resistance. Their self-reported responses were compared to recommended laboratory practices. Most hospitals reported performing onsite bacterial identification and susceptibility testing. Many reported detecting targeted antimicrobial resistant organisms. While only 5/61 hospitals (8%) described using screening tests capable of detecting all 8 targeted types of resistance, most (57/61, 93%) were capable of accurately screening for at least 6 types. Conversely, most hospitals (58/61, 95%) reported confirmatory testing capable of identifying only 3 or fewer resistance types with high-level penicillin resistance among pneumococci, methicillin and vancomycin resistance among staphylococci and enterococci, and extended spectrum beta-lactamase production by Gram-negative bacilli presenting the greatest difficulties. Furthermore, only 50% of hospitals compiled annual antibiogram reports to help physicians choose initial therapy for suspected infectious illnesses. This survey suggests that the antimicrobial susceptibility testing in many rural hospitals may be unreliable. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Qualis Hlth, Boise, ID USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Clin Epidemiol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Ctr Medicare Serv, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Medicaid Serv, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Stevenson, KB (reprint author), Qualis Hlth, Boise, ID USA. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 1 BP 303 EP 311 DI 10.1016/S0732-8893(03)00092-0 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 722PD UT WOS:000185384500001 PM 12967743 ER PT J AU Breiman, RF Evans, MR Preiser, W Maguire, J Schnur, A Li, A Bekedam, H MacKenzie, JS AF Breiman, RF Evans, MR Preiser, W Maguire, J Schnur, A Li, A Bekedam, H MacKenzie, JS TI Role of China in the quest to define and control severe acute respiratory syndrome SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HONG-KONG; GENOME SEQUENCE; SYNDROME SARS; CORONAVIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; OUTBREAK; AGENT AB China holds the key to solving many questions crucial to global control of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The disease appears to have originated in Guangdong Province, and the causative agent, SARS coronavirus, is likely to have originated from an animal host, perhaps sold in public markets. Epidemiologic findings, integral to defining an animal-human linkage, may be confirmed by laboratory studies; once animal host(s) are confirmed, interventions may be needed to prevent further animal-to-human transmission. Community seroprevalence studies may help determine the basis for the decline in disease incidence in Guangdong Province after February 2002. China will also be able to contribute key data about how the causative agent is transmitted and how it is evolving, as well as identifying pivotal factors influencing disease outcome. C1 Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Hlth Syst & Infect Dis Div, Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Natl Publ Hlth Serv Wales, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. Inst Med Virol, Frankfurt, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Breiman, RF (reprint author), Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Hlth Syst & Infect Dis Div, Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RI Evans, Meirion/C-2990-2008; Preiser, Wolfgang/J-4875-2016 OI Preiser, Wolfgang/0000-0002-0254-7910 NR 16 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2003 VL 9 IS 9 BP 1037 EP 1041 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 717QM UT WOS:000185100900001 PM 14519236 ER PT J AU Widdowson, MA Bosman, A van Straten, E Tinga, M Chaves, S van Eerden, L van Pelt, W AF Widdowson, MA Bosman, A van Straten, E Tinga, M Chaves, S van Eerden, L van Pelt, W TI Automated, laboratory-based system using the Internet for disease outbreak detection, the Netherlands SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; SURVEILLANCE; ALGORITHM AB Rapid detection of outbreaks is recognized as crucial for effective control measures and has particular relevance with the recently increased concern about bioterrorism. Automated analysis of electronically collected laboratory data can result in rapid detection of widespread outbreaks or outbreaks of pathogens with common signs and symptoms. In the Netherlands, an automated outbreak detection system for all types of pathogens has been developed within an existing electronic laboratory-based surveillance system called ISIS. Features include the use of a flexible algorithm for daily analysis of data and presentation of signals on the Internet for interpretation by health professionals. By 2006, the outbreak detection system will analyze laboratory-reported data on all pathogens and will cover 35% of the Dutch population. C1 European Programme Intervent Epidemiol & Training, Bilthoven, Netherlands. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Widdowson, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Mailstop G04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Bosman, Arnold/G-9107-2016 OI Bosman, Arnold/0000-0002-8662-7773 NR 21 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2003 VL 9 IS 9 BP 1046 EP 1052 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 717QM UT WOS:000185100900003 PM 14519238 ER PT J AU Pini, N Levis, S Calderon, G Ramirez, J Bravo, D Lozano, E Ripoll, C St Jeor, S Ksiazek, TG Barquez, RM Enria, D AF Pini, N Levis, S Calderon, G Ramirez, J Bravo, D Lozano, E Ripoll, C St Jeor, S Ksiazek, TG Barquez, RM Enria, D TI Hantavirus infection in humans and rodents, northwestern Argentina SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; PULMONARY SYNDROME; SOUTHERN ARGENTINA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; VIRUS; OUTBREAK; HOSTS AB We initiated a study to elucidate the ecology and epidemiology of hantavirus infections in northern Argentina. The northwestern hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)-endemic area of Argentina comprises Salta and Jujuy Provinces. Between 1997 and 2000, 30 HPS cases were diagnosed in Jujuy Province (population 512,329). Most patients had a mild clinical course, and the death rate (13.3%) was low. We performed a serologic and epidemiologic survey in residents of the area, in conjunction with a serologic study in rodents. The prevalence of hantavirus antibodies in the general human population was 6.5%, one of the highest reported in the literature. No evidence of interhuman transmission was found, and the high prevalence of hantavirus antibody seemed to be associated with the high infestation of rodents detected in domestic and peridomestic habitats. C1 Inst Nacl Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr Julio I, RA-2700 Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Hosp San Miguel, Yuto, Jujuy, Argentina. Hosp Oscar Orias, San Salvador De Jujuy, Argentina. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Direcc Epidemiol, San Salvador De Jujuy, Argentina. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Nacl Tucuman, San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. RP Pini, N (reprint author), Inst Nacl Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr Julio I, Monteagudo 2510, RA-2700 Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina. EM inevh@satlink.com OI Barquez, Ruben M./0000-0002-7027-4950 FU NIAID NIH HHS [1R01 AI45059, R01 AI045059] NR 18 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2003 VL 9 IS 9 BP 1070 EP 1076 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 717QM UT WOS:000185100900007 PM 14519242 ER PT J AU Turell, MJ Bunning, M Ludwig, GV Ortman, B Chang, J Speaker, T Spielman, A McLean, R Komar, N Gates, R McNamara, T Creekmore, T Farley, L Mitchell, CJ AF Turell, MJ Bunning, M Ludwig, GV Ortman, B Chang, J Speaker, T Spielman, A McLean, R Komar, N Gates, R McNamara, T Creekmore, T Farley, L Mitchell, CJ TI DNA vaccine for West Nile virus infection in fish crows (Corvus ossifragus) SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; ENCEPHALITIS; OUTBREAK; SYSTEM; BIRDS; FEVER AB A DNA vaccine for West Nile virus (WNV) was evaluated to determine whether its use could protect fish crows (Corvus ossifragus) from fatal WNV infection. Captured adult crows were given 0.5 mg of the DNA vaccine either orally or by intramuscular (IM) inoculation; control crows were inoculated or orally exposed to a placebo. After 6 weeks, crows were challenged subcutaneously with 105 plaque-forming units of WNV (New York 1999 strain). None of the placebo inoculated-placebo challenged birds died. While none of the 9 IM vaccine-inoculated birds died, 5 of 10 placebo-inoculated and 4 of 8 orally vaccinated birds died within 15 days after challenge. Peak viremia titers in birds with fatal WNV infection were substantially higher than those in birds that survived infection. Although oral administration of a single DNA vaccine dose failed to elicit an immune response or protect crows from WNV infection, IM administration of a single dose prevented death and was associated with reduced viremia. C1 USAMRIID, Div Virol, Dept Vector Assessment, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USAF, Ft Detrick, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Ctr Int Dev, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY USA. Wyoming Dept Hlth, Laramie, WY USA. Amer Bird Conservancy, Washington, DC USA. RP Turell, MJ (reprint author), USAMRIID, Div Virol, Dept Vector Assessment, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 21 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2003 VL 9 IS 9 BP 1077 EP 1081 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 717QM UT WOS:000185100900008 PM 14519243 ER PT J AU Julian, KG Mullins, JA Olin, A Peters, H Nix, WA Oberste, MS Lovchik, JC Bergmann, A Brechner, RJ Myers, RA Marfin, AA Campbell, GL AF Julian, KG Mullins, JA Olin, A Peters, H Nix, WA Oberste, MS Lovchik, JC Bergmann, A Brechner, RJ Myers, RA Marfin, AA Campbell, GL TI Aseptic meningitis epidemic during a West Nile virus avian epizootic SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; RAPID DETECTION; UNITED-STATES; ENCEPHALITIS; ENTEROVIRUS; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAK; ETIOLOGY AB While enteroviruses have been the most commonly identified cause of aseptic meningitis in the United States, the role of the emerging, neurotropic West Nile virus (WNV) is not clear. In summer 2001, an aseptic meningitis epidemic occurring in an area of a WNV epizootic in Baltimore, Maryland, was investigated to determine the relative contributions of WNV and enteroviruses. A total of 113 aseptic meningitis cases with onsets from June 1 to September 30, 2001, were identified at six hospitals. WNV immunoglobulin M tests were negative for 69 patients with available specimens; however, 43 (61%) of 70 patients tested enterovirus-positive by viral culture or polymerase chain reaction. Most (76%) of the serotyped enteroviruses were echoviruses 13 and 18. Enteroviruses, including previously rarely detected echoviruses, likely caused most aseptic meningitis cases in this epidemic. No WNV meningitis cases were identified. Even in areas of WNV epizootics, enteroviruses continue to be important causative agents of aseptic meningitis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Julian, KG (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, BMR Bldg Rm C6833,500 Univ Dr, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2003 VL 9 IS 9 BP 1082 EP 1088 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 717QM UT WOS:000185100900009 PM 14519244 ER PT J AU Van Beneden, CA Lexau, C Baughman, W Barnes, B Bennett, N Cassidy, PM Pass, M Gelling, L Barrett, NL Zell, ER Whitney, CG AF Van Beneden, CA Lexau, C Baughman, W Barnes, B Bennett, N Cassidy, PM Pass, M Gelling, L Barrett, NL Zell, ER Whitney, CG TI Aggregated antibiograms and monitoring of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; SURVEILLANCE; INFECTIONS; PENICILLIN; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; CHILDREN AB Community-specific antimicrobial susceptibility data may help monitor trends among drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and guide empiric therapy. Because active, population-based surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease is accurate but resource intensive, we compared the proportion of penicillin-nonsusceptible isolates obtained from existing antibiograms, a less expensive system, to that obtained from 1 year of active surveillance for Georgia, Tennessee, California, Minnesota, Oregon, Maryland, Connecticut, and New York. For all sites, proportions of penicillin-nonsusceptible isolates from antibiograms were within 10 percentage points (median 3.65) of those from invasive-only isolates obtained through active surveillance. Only 23% of antibiograms distinguished between isolates intermediate and resistant to penicillin; 63% and 57% included susceptibility results for erythromycin and extended-spectrum cephalosporins, respectively. Aggregating existing hospital antibiograms is a simple and relatively accurate way to estimate local prevalence of penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococcus; however, antibiograms offer limited data on isolates with intermediate and high-level penicillin resistance and isolates resistant to other agents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Vanderbilt Univ Sch Med, Nashville, TN USA. Monroe Cty Hlth Dept, Rochester, NY USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA. Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. RP Van Beneden, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2003 VL 9 IS 9 BP 1089 EP 1095 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 717QM UT WOS:000185100900010 PM 14519245 ER PT J AU Talbot, TR Comer, JA Bloch, KC AF Talbot, TR Comer, JA Bloch, KC TI Ehrlichia chaffeensis infections among HIV-infected patients in a human monocytic ehrlichiosis-endemic area SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TRANSPLANT RECIPIENT; UNITED-STATES; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY; COMMUNITY; FEVER AB Manifestations of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME), a tick-borne infection caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis, range from asymptomatic disease to fulminant infection and may be particularly severe in persons infected with HIV. We conducted a serologic study to determine the epidemiology of HME in HIV-positive patients residing in an HME-endemic area. We reviewed charts from a cohort of 133 HIV-positive patients who were seen during the 1999 tick season with symptoms compatible with HME (n=36) or who were asymptomatic (n=97). When available, paired plasma samples obtained before and after the tick season were tested by using an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) to detect antibodies reactive to E. chaffeensis. Two symptomatic incident cases were identified by IFA, resulting in a seroincidence of 6.67% among symptomatic HIV-positive participants with paired samples available for testing and 1.64% overall. The baseline seroprevalence of HME was 0%. In contrast to infection in immunocompetent patients, E. chaffeensis infection in HIV-positive persons typically causes symptomatic disease. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Talbot, TR (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2003 VL 9 IS 9 BP 1123 EP 1127 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 717QM UT WOS:000185100900015 PM 14519250 ER PT J AU Eng, JV Marcus, R Hadler, JL Imhoff, B Vugia, DJ Cieslak, PR Zell, E Deneen, V McCombs, KG Zansky, SM Hawkins, MA Besser, RE AF Eng, JV Marcus, R Hadler, JL Imhoff, B Vugia, DJ Cieslak, PR Zell, E Deneen, V McCombs, KG Zansky, SM Hawkins, MA Besser, RE TI Consumer attitudes and use of antibiotics SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; COMMUNITY INTERVENTION TRIAL; PARENTAL EXPECTATIONS; PRESCRIBING BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN; PHYSICIANS; BRONCHITIS; PRACTITIONERS; QUESTIONNAIRE AB Recent antibiotic use is a risk factor for infection or colonization with resistant bacterial pathogens. Demand for antibiotics can be affected by consumers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices. In 1998-1999, the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) conducted a population-based, random-digit dialing telephone survey, including questions regarding respondents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices of antibiotic use. Twelve percent had recently taken antibiotics; 27% believed that taking antibiotics when they had a cold made them better more quickly, 32% believed that taking antibiotics, when they had a cold prevented more serious illness, and 48% expected a prescription for antibiotics when they were ill enough from a cold to seek medical attention. These misguided beliefs and expectations were associated with a lack of awareness of the dangers of antibiotic use; 58% of patients were not aware of the possible health dangers. National educational efforts are needed to address these issues if patient demand for antibiotics is to be reduced. C1 Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA USA. Minneapolis Dept Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Marcus, R (reprint author), Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. NR 34 TC 33 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2003 VL 9 IS 9 BP 1128 EP 1135 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 717QM UT WOS:000185100900016 PM 14519251 ER PT J AU Guerra, MA Curns, AT Rupprecht, CE Hanlon, CA Krebs, JW Childs, JE AF Guerra, MA Curns, AT Rupprecht, CE Hanlon, CA Krebs, JW Childs, JE TI Skunk and raccoon rabies in the eastern United States: Temporal and spatial analysis SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GLYCOPROTEIN RECOMBINANT VIRUS; ORAL VACCINATION; STRIPED SKUNKS; NORTH-AMERICA; POPULATION; SURVEILLANCE; EFFICACY; FOXES; DYNAMICS; RELEASE AB Since 1981, an epizootic of raccoon rabies has spread throughout the eastern United States. A concomitant increase in reported rabies cases in skunks has raised concerns that an independent maintenance cycle of rabies virus in skunks could become established, affecting current strategies of wildlife rabies control programs. Rabies surveillance data from 1981 through 2000 obtained from the health departments of 11 eastern states were used to analyze temporal and spatial characteristics of rabies epizootics in each species. Spatial analysis indicated that epizootics in raccoons and skunks moved in a similar direction from 1990 to 2000. Temporal regression analysis showed that the number of rabid raccoons predicted the number of rabid skunks through time, with a 1-month lag. In areas where the raccoon rabies virus variant is enzootic, spatio-temporal analysis does not provide evidence that this rabies virus variant is currently cycling independently among skunks. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Guerra, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 33 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 10 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2003 VL 9 IS 9 BP 1143 EP 1150 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 717QM UT WOS:000185100900018 PM 14519253 ER PT J AU Palmer, CJ Xiao, LH Terashima, A Guerra, H Gotuzzo, E Saldias, G Bonilla, JA Zhou, L Lindquist, A Upton, SJ AF Palmer, CJ Xiao, LH Terashima, A Guerra, H Gotuzzo, E Saldias, G Bonilla, JA Zhou, L Lindquist, A Upton, SJ TI Cryptosporidium muris, a rodent pathogen, recovered from a human in Peru SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; INFECTION; OOCYSTS; HEALTH AB Cryptosporidium muris, predominantly a rodent species of Cryptosporidium, is not normally considered a human pathogen. Recently, isolated human infections have been reported from Indonesia, Thailand, France, and Kenya. We report the first case of C. muris in a human in the Western Hemisphere. This species may be an emerging zoonotic pathogen capable of infecting humans. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Palmer, CJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Pathobiol, POB 110880, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 15 TC 44 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2003 VL 9 IS 9 BP 1174 EP 1176 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 717QM UT WOS:000185100900025 PM 14519260 ER PT J AU Alaee, M Arias, P Sjodin, A Bergman, A AF Alaee, M Arias, P Sjodin, A Bergman, A TI An overview of commercially used brominated flame retardants, their applications, their use patterns in different countries/regions and possible modes of release SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE brominated flame retardants; usage; application; polybrominated biphenyls; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; tetrabromobisphenol A; hexabromocyclododecane ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; GREAT-LAKES; BIPHENYLS; BLOOD AB Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are used in a variety of consumer products and several of those are produced in large quantities. These compounds have been detected in environmental samples, which can be attributed to the anthropogenic uses of these compounds. Brominated flame retardants are produced via direct bromination of organic molecules or via addition of bromine to alkenes; hence, an overview of the production and usage of bromine over the past three decades is covered. Production, application, and environmental occurrence of high production brominated flame retardants including Tetrabromobisphenol A, polybrominated biphenyls, Penta-, Octa-, Deca-brominated diphenyl ether (oxide) formulation and hexabromocyclododecane are discussed. Crown Copyright (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Water Res Inst Branch, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Alaee, M (reprint author), Natl Water Res Inst Branch, 867 Lakeshore Rd,POB 5050, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RI Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 42 TC 893 Z9 972 U1 27 U2 309 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 29 IS 6 BP 683 EP 689 DI 10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00121-1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 704HP UT WOS:000184334300003 PM 12850087 ER PT J AU Sjodin, A Patterson, DG Bergman, A AF Sjodin, A Patterson, DG Bergman, A TI A review on human exposure to brominated flame retardants - particularly polybrominated diphenyl ethers SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE human; brominated flame retardants; polybrominated diphenyl ethers ID SWEDISH HUMAN-MILK; TETRABROMOBISPHENOL-A; TEMPORAL TRENDS; DAIRY FARMERS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; GREAT-LAKES; MICHIGAN; FISH; SAMPLES; ORGANOCHLORINE AB Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) have been and are still heavily used as additive or reactive chemicals in polymers and textiles. Only a few of the BFRs have been assessed in human subjects with a major data set on internal exposures to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Increasing PBDE levels have been observed in mothers' milk from Sweden as well as in blood from Germany and Norway. The levels are in general lower than PCB levels. However, the PBDE concentrations found in the North Americans are considerably higher compared to European subjects. The PBDEs are dominated by 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47). Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) is reported both in the general population and in occupationally exposed persons showing the bioavailability of this high molecular weight compound. While the lower and medium brominated diphenyl ethers are persistent, BDE-209 has a fairly short half-life of approximately 2 weeks. Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is readily eliminated in humans showing a half-life of about 2 days. Still, TBBPA is accumulated in humans but a continuous exposure to this BFR is required to maintain a certain level in the human subject. TBBPA has not been detected in the general population but in people exposed at work. The current review addresses human exposure routes and levels of BFRs. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Chem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Sjodin, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 68 TC 308 Z9 330 U1 7 U2 125 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 29 IS 6 BP 829 EP 839 DI 10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00108-9 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 704HP UT WOS:000184334300015 PM 12850099 ER PT J AU Swan, SH Kruse, RL Liu, F Barr, DB Drobnis, EZ Redmon, JB Wang, C Brazil, C Overstreet, JW AF Swan, SH Kruse, RL Liu, F Barr, DB Drobnis, EZ Redmon, JB Wang, C Brazil, C Overstreet, JW CA Study Future Families Res Grp TI Semen quality in relation to biomarkers of pesticide exposure SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE agriculture; pesticides; semen quality; sperm concentration; sperm morphology; sperm motility ID UNITED-STATES; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; METABOLITES; ATRAZINE; HERBICIDES; PROSTATE; WORKERS; FERTILE; FATE AB We previously reported reduced sperm concentration and motility in fertile men in a U.S. agrarian area (Columbia, MO) relative to men from U.S. urban centers (Minneapolis, MN; Los Angeles, CA; New York, NY). In the present study we address the hypothesis that pesticides currently used in agriculture in the Midwest contributed to these differences in semen quality. We selected men in whom all semen parameters (concentration, percentage sperm with normal morphology, and percentage motile sperm) were low (cases) and men in whom all semen parameters were within normal limits (controls) within Missouri and Minnesota (sample sizes of 50 and 36, respectively) and measured metabolites of eight current-use pesticides in urine samples provided at the time of semen collection. All pesticide analyses were conducted blind with respect to center and case-control status. Pesticide metabolite levels were elevated in Missouri cases, compared with controls, for the herbicides alachlor and atrazine and for the insecticide diazinon [2-isopropoxy-4-methyl-pyrimidinol (IMPY)]; for Wilcoxon rank test, p = 0.0007, 0.012, and 0.0004 for alachlor, atrazine, and IMPY, respectively. Men from Missouri with high levels of alachlor or IMPY were significantly more likely to be cases than were men with low levels [odds ratios (ORs) = 30.0 and 16.7 for alachlor and IMPY, respectively], as were men with atrazine levels higher than the limit of detection (OR = 11.3). The herbicides 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and metolachlor were also associated with poor semen quality in some analyses, whereas acetochlor levels were lower in cases than in controls (p = 0.04). No significant associations were seen for any pesticides within Minnesota, where levels of agricultural pesticides were low, or for the insect repellant DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) or the malathion metabolite malathion dicarboxylic acid. These associations between current-use pesticides and reduced semen quality suggest that agricultural chemicals may have contributed to the reduction in semen quality in fertile men from mid-Missouri we reported previously. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Community & Family Med, Sch Med, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Urol Surg, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Harbor Med Ctr, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Swan, SH (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Community & Family Med, Sch Med, MA306 Med Sci Bldg, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Redmon, J. Bruce/0000-0002-1883-9467 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR 00400, M01 RR 0425]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES 09916, R01 ES009916] NR 37 TC 180 Z9 184 U1 19 U2 65 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 111 IS 12 BP 1478 EP 1484 DI 10.1289/ehp.6417 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 733HZ UT WOS:000185995500028 PM 12948887 ER PT J AU Holguin, F Tellez-Rojo, MM Hernandez, M Cortez, M Chow, JC Watsow, JG Mannino, D Romieu, I AF Holguin, F Tellez-Rojo, MM Hernandez, M Cortez, M Chow, JC Watsow, JG Mannino, D Romieu, I TI Air pollution and heart rate variability among the elderly in Mexico City SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE particulate air pollution; ozone; heart rate variability; Mexico; elderly ID ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; PARTICULATE; MORTALITY; RISK; ASSOCIATION; RECORDINGS; PARTICLES; HEALTH; COHORT AB Background: Suspended particles and ozone have been associated with varying degrees of cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Methods: In Mexico City, residents from a nursing home underwent heart rate variability analysis every other day for 3 months. Indoor and outdoor PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 mm in diameter) were measured daily at the nursing home. Levels of ozone and other atmospheric pollutants were obtained from a nearby automated monitoring station. Results: Of the initial 42 screened participants, 34 (81%) were followed during the study period. The 24-hour average levels of indoor PM2.5 ranged from 15 to 67 mug/m(3), and outdoor PM2.5 ranged from 9 to 87 mug/m(3). Daily 1-hour maximum ozone levels ranged from 47 to 228 ppb. After adjusting for age and heart rate, we observed a strong decrease in the high frequency component of heart rate variability and the average 24-hour concentrations of PM2.5. Participants with hypertension had considerably larger reductions in their HF-HRV (high frequency-heart rate variability) component in relation to both ozone and PM2.5 exposure. Conclusions: Our results suggest that ambient levels of PM2.5 and ozone can reduce the high-frequency component of heart rate variability in elderly subjects living in Mexico City and that subjects with underlying hypertension are particularly susceptible to this effect. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Hosp ABC, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Holguin, F (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Grady Mem Hosp, Suite 2C007,80 Jesse Hill Jr Dr, Atlanta, GA 30335 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 27 TC 109 Z9 114 U1 2 U2 21 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2003 VL 14 IS 5 BP 521 EP 527 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000081999.1500.ae PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 718EV UT WOS:000185132900005 PM 14501266 ER PT J AU Kapadia, F Garfein, RS Vlahov, D AF Kapadia, F Garfein, RS Vlahov, D TI Does bleach disinfection of syringes help prevent hepatitis C virus transmission? The authors respond SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kapadia, F (reprint author), New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, 1216 5th Ave,Room 556, New York, NY 10029 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2003 VL 14 IS 5 BP 629 EP 629 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000081991.99869.a0 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 718EV UT WOS:000185132900020 ER PT J AU Alvarez, M Lopez, B Mendoza, C Rangel, J Luby, SF Klein, R AF Alvarez, M Lopez, B Mendoza, C Rangel, J Luby, SF Klein, R TI Drinking water microbiology results, using a combination method of flocculation and chlorination, in control households vs. intervention households, San Juan Sacatepequez, Guatemala, 2000 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Conference of the International-Society-for-Environment-Epidemiology CY SEP 23-26, 2003 CL PERTH, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol, CommonWealth Dept Hlth & Aged Care, US EPA C1 Univ Valle Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2003 VL 14 IS 5 SU 1 BP S31 EP S31 DI 10.1097/00001648-200309001-00053 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 724LG UT WOS:000185488600054 ER PT J AU Arana, B Diaz, A Klein, R Khalkdina, A Bruce, NF Schei, M Smith, K AF Arana, B Diaz, A Klein, R Khalkdina, A Bruce, NF Schei, M Smith, K TI Natural stove dissemination in a poor community in rural Guatemala SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Conference of the International-Society-for-Environment-Epidemiology CY SEP 23-26, 2003 CL PERTH, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol, CommonWealth Dept Hlth & Aged Care, US EPA C1 CDC, MERTU G, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2003 VL 14 IS 5 SU 1 BP S128 EP S129 DI 10.1097/00001648-200309001-00316 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 724LG UT WOS:000185488600317 ER EF