FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Grunbaum, JA Kann, L Kinchen, S Ross, J Hawkins, J Lowry, R Harris, WA McManus, T Chyen, D Collins, J AF Grunbaum, JA Kann, L Kinchen, S Ross, J Hawkins, J Lowry, R Harris, WA McManus, T Chyen, D Collins, J TI Youth risk behavior surveillance - United States, 2003 (Abridged) SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. ORC Macro, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Grunbaum, JA (reprint author), CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 buford Highway,NE,MS-K33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 7 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 2004 VL 74 IS 8 BP 307 EP 324 PG 18 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 865RJ UT WOS:000224720100001 PM 15554117 ER PT J AU Din-Dzietham, R Porterfield, DS Cohen, SJ Reaves, J Burrus, B Lamb, BM AF Din-Dzietham, R Porterfield, DS Cohen, SJ Reaves, J Burrus, B Lamb, BM TI Quality care improvement program in a community-based participatory research project: Example of project DIRECT SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE diabetes; continuous quality improvement program community-based participatory research; African Americans ID DIABETES PREVENTION PROGRAM; AFRICAN-AMERICAN COMMUNITY; LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTIONS; REDUCE; MODEL AB A continuous quality care improvement program (CQIP) was built into Project DIRECT (Diabetes Interventions Reaching and Educating Communities Together) to improve providers' patterns of diabetes care and patients' glycemic control. Project DIRECT consisted of a comprehensive program aimed at reducing the burden of diabetes in the vulnerable high-risk African-American population of southeast Raleigh, NC. Forty-seven providers caring for this target population of adult diabetes patients were included in this quasi-experimental study. At the initial session, providers learned about the CQIP components, completed a planning worksheet, and chose a CQIP coordinator, Educational events included continuing education in practices and through conferences by experts, and guideline distribution. Follow-up was accomplished through phone calls and visits. Effectiveness was measured by a change in prevalence of selected patterns of care abstracted from 1,006 medical charts. Appropriate statistical methods were used to account for the cluster design and repeated measures. At the fourth follow-up year, approximately 40% of providers still participated in the program. Among the providers who stayed in the program for the whole study period, most selected quality care patterns showed significant upward trends. Glycemic control indicators did not change, however, despite an increased number of hemoglobin A1c tests per year. A diabetes CQI program can be effectively implemented in a community setting. Improved performance measures were not associated with improved outcomes. These results suggest that a patient-centered component should reinforce the provider-centered component. C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Social Epidemiol Res Div, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. N Carolina State Dept Hlth & Human Serv Diabet Pr, Raleigh, NC USA. Mel & Enid Zuckerman Arizona Coll Publ Hlth, Tucson, AZ USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Din-Dzietham, R (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Social Epidemiol Res Div, NCPC-315, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. EM rdin@msm.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U32/CCU415275-02, U32/CCU415405-3, U32/CCU411396-04, U32/CCU402135-12-3, U32/CCU411396-03] NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 96 IS 10 BP 1310 EP 1321 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 859JG UT WOS:000224258600029 PM 15540882 ER PT J AU Porterfield, DS Din, R Burroughs, A Burrus, B Petteway, R Treiber, L Lamb, B Engelgau, M AF Porterfield, DS Din, R Burroughs, A Burrus, B Petteway, R Treiber, L Lamb, B Engelgau, M TI Screening for diabetes in an African-American community: The project DIRECT experience SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE diabetes mellitus; screening; African Americans ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; MELLITUS; BLOOD; MANAGEMENT; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; UTILITY; ADULTS; TESTS AB Aim: To report the results of a community-based screening program associated with Project DIRECT, a multiyear diabetes mellitus prevention and control project targeting African-American residents of southeast Raleigh, NC. Methods: Between December 1996 and June 1999, 183 screening events took place in community settings. Screening was by capillary glucose concentration. Participants with a positive screen were referred for confirmatory testing and physician follow-up. Main Results: Risk factors for diabetes were prevalent, including ethnic minority race (88.2%), obesity (45.6%), and family history of diabetes (41.7%). In all, 197 persons had an elevated screening result; the prevalence of diabetes in the screened population that underwent follow-up testing was 1.7%. Despite persistent tracking efforts, 28% of the persons with a high screening test received no final diagnosis. Conclusions: In this community-based screening program targeted to high-risk African Americans, risk factors for diabetes were common, but new cases of undiagnosed diabetes among participants were uncommon. Intensive follow-up for persons with high screening values is necessary but difficult to achieve. Our results support national recommendations against community-based screening; opportunistic screening for diabetes in clinical settings is likely a more effective use of resources. C1 NC Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Diabet Prevent & Control Branch, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Project DIRECT, Raleigh, NC USA. Wake Cty Human Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Social Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Porterfield, DS (reprint author), NC Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Diabet Prevent & Control Branch, Mail Ctr 1915, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM deborah.porterfield@ncmail.net FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U32/CCU415275] NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 96 IS 10 BP 1325 EP 1331 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 859JG UT WOS:000224258600030 PM 15540883 ER PT J AU Basile, KC Arias, I Desai, S Thompson, MP AF Basile, KC Arias, I Desai, S Thompson, MP TI The differential association of intimate partner physical, sexual, psychological, and stalking violence and posttraumatic stress symptoms in a nationally representative sample of women SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS LA English DT Article DE intimate partner violence; physical violence; sexual violence; psychological violence; stalking; posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms; nationally representative sample of women ID DISORDER; CONSEQUENCES; COMORBIDITY; PREVALENCE; CONFLICT; VICTIMS; HEALTH; IMPACT; EVENT; ABUSE AB This study examines whether experiences with four different types of intimate partner violence (IPV) increase risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. We examined impacts of physical, sexual, psychological, and stalking victimization by a current partner on PTSD symptoms, the extent to which each type of IPV accounted for significant variance in PTSD symptoms when controlling for other forms, and the increase in PTSD symptoms from multiple forms of IPV. Findings reveal that all types of violence were associated with increased PTSD symptoms. When controlling for other types of violence, physical, psychological, and stalking violence were still associated with PTSD symptoms. There was evidence of a dose response in which the more types of violence experienced, the more PTSD symptoms. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Basile, KC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Mailstop K60,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kbasile@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 20 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0894-9867 J9 J TRAUMA STRESS JI J. Trauma Stress PD OCT PY 2004 VL 17 IS 5 BP 413 EP 421 DI 10.1023/B:JOTS.0000048954.50232.d8 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 881BI UT WOS:000225838000007 PM 15633920 ER PT J AU Angulo, FJ Nargund, VN Chiller, TC AF Angulo, FJ Nargund, VN Chiller, TC TI Evidence of an association between use of anti-microbial agents in food animals and anti-microbial resistance among bacteria isolated from humans and the human health consequences of such resistance SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE SERIES B-INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ENTERICA SEROTYPE TYPHIMURIUM; FLUOROQUINOLONE RESISTANCE; CAMPYLOBACTER INFECTIONS; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CIPROFLOXACIN; BREAKPOINTS AB Several lines of evidence indicate that the use of anti-microbial agents in food animals is associated with anti-microbial resistance among bacteria isolated from humans. The use of anti-microbial agents in food animals is most clearly associated with anti-microbial resistance among Salmonella and Campylobacter isolated from humans, but also appears likely among enterococci, Escherichia coli and other bacteria. Evidence is also accumulating that the anti-microbial resistance among bacteria isolated from humans could be the result of using anti-microbial agents in food animals and is leading to human health consequences. These human health consequences include: (i) infections that would not have otherwise occurred and (ii) increased frequency of treatment failures and increased severity of infection. Increased severity of infection includes longer duration of illness, increased frequency of bloodstream infections, increased hospitalization and increased mortality. Continued work and research efforts will provide more evidence to explain the connection between the use of anti-microbial agents in food animals and anti-microbial-resistant infections in humans. One particular focus, which would solidify this connection, is to understand the factors that dictate spread of resistance determinants, especially resistant genes. With continued efforts on the part of the medical, veterinary and public health community, such research may contribute to more precise guidelines on the use of anti-microbials in food animals. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Angulo, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fangulo@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 153 Z9 163 U1 26 U2 47 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 58, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1793 J9 J VET MED B JI J. Vet. Med. Ser. B-Infect. Dis. Vet. Public Health PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 8-9 BP 374 EP 379 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2004.00789.x PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 867TG UT WOS:000224864600005 PM 15525369 ER PT J AU Sanchez, A Lukwiya, M Bausch, D Mahanty, S Sanchez, AJ Wagoner, KD Rollin, PE AF Sanchez, A Lukwiya, M Bausch, D Mahanty, S Sanchez, AJ Wagoner, KD Rollin, PE TI Analysis of human peripheral blood samples from fatal and nonfatal cases of Ebola (Sudan) hemorrhagic fever: Cellular responses, virus load, and nitric oxide levels SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTED PATIENTS; DENDRITIC CELLS; IN-VITRO; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; MEASLES-VIRUS; VIRAL LOAD; APOPTOSIS; PROTEIN; MACROPHAGES; ACTIVATION AB Peripheral blood samples obtained from patients during an outbreak of Ebola virus (Sudan species) disease in Uganda in 2000 were used to phenotype peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), quantitate gene expression, measure antigenemia, and determine nitric oxide levels. It was determined that as the severity of disease increased in infected patients, there was a corresponding increase in antigenemia and leukopenia. Blood smears revealed thrombocytopenia, a left shift in neutrophils (in some cases degenerating), and atypical lymphocytes. Infected patients who died had reduced numbers of T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and activated (HLA-DR+) CD8(+) T cells, while the opposite was noted for patients who survived the disease. Expression levels of cytokines, Fas antigen, and Fas ligand (TaqMan quantitation) in PBMC from infected patients were not significantly different from those in uninfected patients (treated in the same isolation wards), nor was there a significant increase in expression compared to healthy volunteers (United States). This unresponsive state of PBMC from infected patients despite high levels of circulating antigen and virus replication suggests that some form of immunosuppression had developed. Ebola virus RNA levels (virus load) in PBMC specimens were found to be much higher in infected patients who died than patients who survived the disease. Similarly, blood levels of nitric oxide were much higher in fatal cases (increasing with disease severity), and extremely elevated levels ( greater than or equal to150 muM) would have negatively affected vascular tone and contributed to virus-induced shock. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. St Marys Hosp, Gulu, Uganda. RP Sanchez, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Bldg 15,Room SB611,Mail Stop G, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ASanchez1@cdc.gov OI Mahanty, Siddhartha/0000-0003-1068-0524 NR 40 TC 142 Z9 159 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 78 IS 19 BP 10370 EP 10377 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.19.10370-10377.2004 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 855HP UT WOS:000223964300018 PM 15367603 ER PT J AU Baskin, CR Garcia-Sastre, A Tumpey, TM Bielefeldt-Ohmann, H Carter, VS Nistal-Villan, E Katze, MG AF Baskin, CR Garcia-Sastre, A Tumpey, TM Bielefeldt-Ohmann, H Carter, VS Nistal-Villan, E Katze, MG TI Integration of clinical data, pathology, and cDNA microarrays in influenza virus-infected pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; 1918 PANDEMIC VIRUS; A-VIRUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; VIRAL-INFECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; PRIMATE MODEL; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; RHESUS MACAQUES AB For most severe viral pandemics such as influenza and AIDS, the exact contribution of individual viral genes to pathogenicity is still largely unknown. A necessary step toward that understanding is a systematic comparison of different influenza virus strains at the level of transcriptional regulation in the host as a whole and interpretation of these complex genetic changes in the context of multifactorial clinical outcomes and pathology. We conducted a study by infecting pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) with a genetically reconstructed strain of human influenza H1N1 A/Texas/36/91 virus and hypothesized not only that these animals would respond to the virus similarly to humans, but that gene expression patterns in the lungs and tracheobronchial lymph nodes would fit into a coherent and complete picture of the host-virus interactions during infection. The disease observed in infected macaques simulated uncomplicated influenza in humans. Clinical signs and an antibody response appeared with induction of interferon and B-cell activation pathways, respectively. Transcriptional activation of inflammatory cells and apoptotic pathways coincided with gross and histopathological signs of inflammation, with tissue damage and concurrent signs of repair. Additionally, cDNA microarrays offered new evidence of the importance of cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells throughout infection. With this experiment, we confirmed the suitability of the nonhuman primate model in the quest for understanding the individual and joint contributions of viral genes to influenza virus pathogenesis by using cDNA microarray technology and a reverse genetics approach. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Comparat Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Washington Natl Primate Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Baskin, CR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Box 358070, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM cb2@u.washington.edu RI Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle/A-3686-2010; Nistal-Villan, Estanislao/C-6122-2015; OI Nistal-Villan, Estanislao/0000-0003-2458-8833; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NCRR NIH HHS [R24 RR16354, R24 RR016354, P51RR00166, P51 RR000166]; NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI48204, P01 AI048204] NR 81 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 78 IS 19 BP 10420 EP 10432 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.19.10420-10432.2004 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 855HP UT WOS:000223964300023 PM 15367608 ER PT J AU Kuzmin, IV Botvinkin, AD McElhinney, LM Smith, JS Orciari, LA Hughes, GJ Fooks, AR Rupprecht, CE AF Kuzmin, IV Botvinkin, AD McElhinney, LM Smith, JS Orciari, LA Hughes, GJ Fooks, AR Rupprecht, CE TI Molecular epidemiology of terrestrial rabies in the former soviet union SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; former Soviet Union; rabies; phylogenetics; Russia ID AMINO-ACID SITES; FOX RABIES; SELECTION PRESSURE; POSITIVE SELECTION; VIRUS; GLYCOPROTEIN; GENE; PATHOGENICITY; SUBSTITUTION; DETERMINANT AB Fifty-five rabies virus isolates originating from different regions of the former Soviet Union (FSU) were compared with isolates originating from Eurasia. Africa, and North America according to complete or partial nucleoprotein (NI) gene sequences. The FSU isolates formed five distinct groups. Group A represented viruses originating from the Arctic. which were similar to viruses from Alaska and Canada. Group B consisted of "Arctic-like" viruses, originating from the south of East Siberia and the Far East. Group C consisted of viruses circulating in the steppe and forest-steppe territories from the European part of Russia to Tuva and in Kazakhstan. These three phylogenetic groups were clearly different from the European cluster. Viruses of group D circulate near the western border of Russia. Their phylogenetic position is intermediate between group C and the European cluster. Group E consisted of viruses originating from the northwestern part of Russia and comprised a "Northeastern Europe" group described earlier from the Baltic region. According to surveillance data, a specific host can be defined clearly only for group A (arctic fox; Alopex lagopus) and for the Far Eastern part of the group B distribution area (raccoon do Nyctereutes procyonoides). For other territories and rabies virus variants. the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is the main virus reservoir. However. the steppe fox (Vulpes corsac). wolf (Canis lupus), and raccoon do are also involved in virus circulation. depending oil host population density. These molecular data, joined with surveillance information. demonstrate that the current fox rabies epizootic in the territory of the FSU developed independently of central and western Europe. No evidence of positive selection was found in the N genes of the isolates. In the glycoprotein gene, evidence of positive selection was strongly suggested in codons 156, 160, and 183. At these sites, no link between amino acid substitutions and phylogenetic placement or specific host species was detected. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Nat Foci Infect, Rabies Grp, Omsk 644080, Russia. State Med Univ, Epidemiol Chair, Irkutsk 664003, Russia. Vet Lab Agcy, Rabies Res & Diagnost Grp, Weybridge KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. RP Rupprecht, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cyr5@cdc.gov RI McElhinney, Lorraine/C-7997-2011; Fooks, Anthony/F-5418-2010 OI McElhinney, Lorraine/0000-0002-6022-348X; NR 66 TC 70 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 617 EP 631 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 889PD UT WOS:000226454000001 PM 15650080 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MG Cono, J Curns, A Holman, RC Likos, A Regnery, R Treadwell, T Damon, I AF Reynolds, MG Cono, J Curns, A Holman, RC Likos, A Regnery, R Treadwell, T Damon, I TI Human monkeypox SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reynolds, MG (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 4 IS 10 BP 604 EP 605 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01139-9 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 859FF UT WOS:000224248100016 PM 15451482 ER PT J AU Naheed, A Kalluri, P Talukder, KA Faruque, ASG Khatun, F Nair, G Mintz, ED Breiman, RF AF Naheed, A Kalluri, P Talukder, KA Faruque, ASG Khatun, F Nair, G Mintz, ED Breiman, RF TI Fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella dysenteriae type 1 in northeastern Bangladesh SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID EASTERN INDIA; STRAINS; EPIDEMIC; DHAKA C1 B Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, ICDDR B, Hlth Syst & Infect Dis Div, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Naheed, A (reprint author), B Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, ICDDR B, Hlth Syst & Infect Dis Div, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. EM anaheed@icddrb.org NR 12 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1473-3099 EI 1474-4457 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 4 IS 10 BP 607 EP 608 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01143-0 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 859FF UT WOS:000224248100020 PM 15451486 ER PT J AU Thacker, SB Gilchrist, J Stroup, DF Kimsey, CD AF Thacker, SB Gilchrist, J Stroup, DF Kimsey, CD TI Untitled - Response SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Thacker, SB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 36 IS 10 BP 1833 EP 1833 DI 10.1249/01.MSS.0000142298.46904.F9 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 860BY UT WOS:000224314000026 ER PT J AU May, LM Weese, C Ashley, DL Trump, DH Bowling, CM Lee, AP AF May, LM Weese, C Ashley, DL Trump, DH Bowling, CM Lee, AP TI The recommended role of exposure biomarkers for the surveillance of environmental and occupational chemical exposures in military deployments: Policy considerations SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB A lack of individual exposure information limited the evaluation of exposure-outcome relationships after the Gulf War. Exposure concerns during Operation Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom deployments have increased interest in individual environmental and occupational chemical exposure assessment. Currently, deployment assessments are conducted using intermittent ambient air monitoring, occasional focused evaluations based on these results, and postdeployment questionnaire documentation of exposure and/or health concerns. Although this strategy is an improvement over previous practice, it has limitations, including a reliance on evidence of an acute problem, to initiate in-depth health evaluation. Exposure biomarkers may have the potential to overcome some of the limitations of current environmental and occupational exposure assessment tools. This article examines current exposure assessment methods, reviews emerging technologies, and recommends a phased approach to introducing exposure biomarkers into a comprehensive occupational and environmental health surveillance program. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med Occupat Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. The Pentagon, Safety & Occupat Hlth, Washington, DC 20301 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Deployment Environm Surveillance Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP May, LM (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd,Room A1044, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 169 IS 10 BP 761 EP 767 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JC UT WOS:000235830400002 PM 15532337 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ AF Khoury, MJ TI The case for a global human genome epidemiology initiative SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Letter ID RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E82, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mkhoury@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 36 IS 10 BP 1027 EP 1028 DI 10.1038/ng1004-1027 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 857YN UT WOS:000224156500002 PM 15454932 ER PT J AU Tohill, BC Seymour, J Serdula, M Kettel-Khan, L Rolls, BJ AF Tohill, BC Seymour, J Serdula, M Kettel-Khan, L Rolls, BJ TI What epidemiologic studies tell us about the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and body weight SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE energy density; energy intake; obesity; weight management; fruit; vegetables ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; DIETARY PATTERNS; MASS INDEX; FOLLOW-UP; JUICE CONSUMPTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; FRAMINGHAM NUTRITION; COLORECTAL-CANCER; CHILDRENS GROWTH; NATIONAL-HEALTH AB Clinical evidence shows that combining advice to increase fruit and vegetable consumption with caloric restriction is an effective strategy for weight management. The purpose of this review is to evaluate epidemiologic evidence to determine whether it supports an association between fruit and/or vegetable consumption and body weight. Few studies have been designed to specifically address this issue, and those that are available vary in methodology and offer inconsistent results. We make recommendations on how to strengthen future studies so that the influence of fruit and vegetable consumption on body weight in free-living individuals is better understood. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Nutrit Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Tohill, BC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-K26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bft4@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 114 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 12 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 62 IS 10 BP 365 EP 374 DI 10.1301/nr.2004.oct.365-374 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 903ON UT WOS:000227435500001 PM 15508906 ER PT J AU Schieve, LA Ferre, C Peterson, HB AF Schieve, LA Ferre, C Peterson, HB TI Perinatal outcome among singleton infants conceived through assisted reproductive technology in the United States - In reply SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Schieve, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 104 IS 4 BP 866 EP 866 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000143114.56580.1e PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 875JF UT WOS:000225415600034 ER PT J AU Chamany, S Mirza, SA Fleming, JW Howell, JF Lenhart, SW Mortimer, VD Phelan, MA Lindsley, MD Iqbal, NJ Wheat, LJ Brandt, ME Warnock, DW Hajjeh, RA AF Chamany, S Mirza, SA Fleming, JW Howell, JF Lenhart, SW Mortimer, VD Phelan, MA Lindsley, MD Iqbal, NJ Wheat, LJ Brandt, ME Warnock, DW Hajjeh, RA TI A large histoplasmosis outbreak among high school students in Indiana, 2001 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE histoplasmosis; outbreak; high school ID LARGE URBAN OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIC AB Background: A histoplasmosis outbreak occurred in an Indiana high school in November-December 2001. Methods: To describe the risk factors for this outbreak, we conducted a cohort study of all available students and staff (N = 682) and an environmental investigation. Results: Of the 523 (77%) persons who displayed serologic evidence of recent Histoplasma capsulatum infection, 355 (68%) developed symptoms consistent with acute pulmonary histoplasmosis. Rototilling of soil in a school courtyard known to be a bird roosting site had been performed during school hours on November 12, 2001, 14 days before both the peak of the onset of illness and a rise in student absenteeism. Being a student (odds ratio, 3.1; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-5.0) and being a student in a classroom near the courtyard during the rototilling (odds ratio, 3.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-5.2) were independently associated with infection and symptomatic illness. H. capsulatum was isolated from environmental samples, including soil from the courtyard and dust collected from a filter of a heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system. Conclusions: Soil-disrupting activities within a school courtyard caused the largest outbreak to date of histoplasmosis among adolescents. Improved efforts are needed to educate the community in endemic areas about histoplasmosis to prevent the occurrence of such outbreaks in the future. In addition, increased awareness among health care providers of this disease would facilitate appropriate diagnosis and treatment. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training,Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Shelby Cty Hlth Dept, Shelbyville, IN USA. Indiana State Dept Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. MiraVista Diagnost, Indianapolis, IN USA. CDCP, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Chamany, S (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jtm7@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 23 IS 10 BP 909 EP 914 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000141738.60845.da PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 865FH UT WOS:000224687400003 PM 15602189 ER PT J AU Wootton, SH Kaplan, SL Perrotta, DM Martin, DA Campbell, GL AF Wootton, SH Kaplan, SL Perrotta, DM Martin, DA Campbell, GL TI St. Louis encephalitis in early infancy SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE St. Louis encephalitis; infant; seizure; magnetic resonance imaging; flavivirus ID INFECTIONS; DIAGNOSIS AB We describe a case of St. Louis encephalitis in a 19-day-old infant who presented with fever and seizure activity. To our knowledge, this is the youngest case of St. Louis encephalitis ever reported. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Infect Dis Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, CDCP, Publ Hlth Serv,Dept HHS, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis,Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Wootton, SH (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Infect Dis Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 23 IS 10 BP 951 EP 954 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000141739.70357.db PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 865FH UT WOS:000224687400010 PM 15602196 ER PT J AU Balk, SJ O'Connor, KG Saraiya, M AF Balk, SJ O'Connor, KG Saraiya, M TI Counseling parents and children on sun protection: A national survey of pediatricians SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE sun protection; skin cancer; melanoma; pediatricians; counseling; prevention; vitamin D ID BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA; SUNSCREEN USE; MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; EXPOSURE; PREVENTION; TRIAL; ATTITUDES; SUNBURN; SKIN AB Objective. To describe pediatricians' attitudes toward skin cancer (SC), sun protection (SP) counseling, and the quantity and content of such counseling and to identify barriers to counseling. Methods. An American Academy of Pediatrics Periodic Survey was mailed to 1616 randomly selected US members between October 2001 and February 2002. The response rate was 54.6%. Results. More than 90% of pediatricians agreed that SC is a significant public health problem and that preventing episodic high exposures to the sun during childhood will reduce the risk of adult melanoma. However, only 22.3% of respondents reported counseling most patients in all age groups. Female pediatricians were more likely to counsel most patients; pediatricians located in the South and West and those who practice in hospital/clinic settings were least likely to counsel compared with those in other regions. Approximately half (53%) of pediatricians reported selectively counseling on the basis of patient characteristics The most important SP recommendation named was using a sunscreen with a sun protection factor greater than or equal to15. Only 38% of pediatricians rated SP as very important to their patients' health compared with other topics such as use of car seats (86%), nutrition (79%), immunization issues (76%), and smoking/avoidance of environmental tobacco smoke (74%). The most frequently named barrier to SP counseling was lack of time (58% reporting). Conclusions. Although the majority of pediatricians believe that SC prevention is a worthy issue, only a minority reported providing routine SP counseling to most patients in every age group, and most ranked SP lower in importance than other issues. Interventions might include programs and materials to educate patients and pediatricians alike. To have an effect on increasing rates of SC and SC mortality, a broader public health approach is needed as a complement to pediatricians' counseling efforts. C1 Albert Einstein Coll Med, Childrens Hosp Montefiore, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Amer Acad Pediat, Div Hlth Policy Res, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Balk, SJ (reprint author), 1621 Eastchester Rd, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. EM sbalk@montefiore.org NR 46 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2004 VL 114 IS 4 BP 1056 EP 1064 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-1305 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 859DI UT WOS:000224242200043 PM 15466105 ER PT J AU Meissner, HC Strebel, PM Orenstein, WA AF Meissner, HC Strebel, PM Orenstein, WA TI Measles vaccines and the potential for worldwide eradication of measles SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE bioterrorism; measles-mumps-rubella vaccine; vaccines; measles; autism ID RUBELLA VACCINATION; UNITED-STATES; AUTISM; MUMPS; IMMUNIZATION; CHILDREN; POPULATION; EPIDEMIC; SEROCONVERSION; EXEMPTIONS AB The annual number of reported measles cases in the United States has declined from between 3 million and 4 million in the prevaccine era to <100 cases in association with the highest recorded immunization rates in history. Because of continued importation of measles into the United States, young children who are not vaccinated appropriately may experience more than a 60-fold increase in risk of disease. Unsubstantiated claims suggesting an association between measles vaccine and neurologic disorders have led to reduced vaccine use and a resurgence of measles in countries where immunization rates have declined below the level needed to maintain herd immunity. To address the possibility of worldwide control of measles, efforts to ensure high immunization rates among people in both developed and developing countries must be sustained. C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, New England Med Ctr, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Meissner, HC (reprint author), Tufts New England Med Ctr, Pediat Infect Dis Div, 750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM cmeissner@tufts-nemc.org NR 46 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2004 VL 114 IS 4 BP 1065 EP 1069 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-0440 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 859DI UT WOS:000224242200044 PM 15466106 ER PT J AU Meissner, HC Anderson, LJ Pickering, LK AF Meissner, HC Anderson, LJ Pickering, LK TI Annual variation in respiratory syncytial virus season and decisions regarding immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID REDUCES HOSPITALIZATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; PROPHYLAXIS; CHILDREN; DISEASE C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tufts New England Med Ctr, Pediat Infect Dis Div, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Meissner, HC (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tufts New England Med Ctr, Pediat Infect Dis Div, 750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM cmeissner@tufts-nemc.org NR 11 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2004 VL 114 IS 4 BP 1082 EP 1084 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-1300 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 859DI UT WOS:000224242200046 PM 15466107 ER PT J AU Nelson, LJ Jereb, JA Castro, KG AF Nelson, LJ Jereb, JA Castro, KG TI New guidelines about latent tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents: A welcome advancement SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nelson, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lnelson@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2004 VL 114 IS 4 BP 1084 EP 1086 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-1525 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 859DI UT WOS:000224242200047 PM 15466109 ER PT J AU Jumaan, AO Harpaz, R AF Jumaan, AO Harpaz, R TI Chickenpox outbreak in a highly vaccinated school population SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jumaan, AO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2004 VL 114 IS 4 BP 1130 EP 1130 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-1039 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 859DI UT WOS:000224242200062 PM 15466125 ER PT J AU Holman, RC Curns, AT Cheek, JE Bresee, JS Singleton, RJ Carver, K Anderson, LJ AF Holman, RC Curns, AT Cheek, JE Bresee, JS Singleton, RJ Carver, K Anderson, LJ TI Respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations among American Indian and Alaska native infants and the general United States infant population SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE infants; respiratory syncytial virus; RSV; respiratory disease; bronchiolitis; pneumonia; American Indian; Alaska Native; hospitalizations; epidemiology; United States ID BRONCHIOLITIS-ASSOCIATED HOSPITALIZATIONS; WOOD-BURNING STOVES; RISK-FACTORS; US CHILDREN; INFECTION; PALIVIZUMAB; ILLNESS; CARE; PREVENTION; DISEASES AB Objective. To determine the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease among American Indian ( AI) and Alaska Native ( AN) infants, by examining RSV-associated hospitalizations. Methods. Infant hospitalizations from 1997 through 2001 with RSV listed as a diagnosis were selected by using Indian Health Service/tribal hospital discharge data for AIs/ANs and National Hospital Discharge Survey data for the general US population. Results. In 2000 - 2001, RSV disease was listed as a diagnosis for 14.4% of all AI/AN infant hospitalizations, with bronchiolitis attributable to RSV infection (12.2%) being among the top 5 listed diagnoses. The rate of RSV-specific hospitalizations was 34.4 hospitalizations per 1000 infants for AI/AN infants and 27.4 hospitalizations per 1000 births for the general US infant population. The hospitalization rates for AI/AN infants living in the Alaska and Southwest regions (70.9 and 48.2 hospitalizations per 1000 infants, respectively) were much higher than the overall rate for US infants. Conclusions. RSV infection is one of the leading causes of hospitalization among all infants in the United States, and AI/AN infants living in the Southwest and Alaska regions are at especially high risk for hospitalizations associated with RSV infection. Development of vaccines, antiviral agents, and other strategies to prevent RSV disease could yield substantial public health benefits. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Indian Hlth Serv Headquarters, Off Publ Hlth, Program Epidemiol, Albuquerque, NM USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium & Arctic Inv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK USA. Indian Hlth Serv Headquarters, Off Publ Hlth, Rockville, MD USA. RP Holman, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 48 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2004 VL 114 IS 4 BP E437 EP E444 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-0049 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 859DI UT WOS:000224242200007 PM 15466069 ER PT J AU Gerberding, J AF Gerberding, J TI Steps on the critical path: Arresting HIV/AIDS in developing countries SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV; BEHAVIORS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gerberding, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM hhc7@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 1 IS 1 BP 14 EP 16 AR e10 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0010010 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 902LF UT WOS:000227357900010 PM 15526040 ER PT J AU Park, RM Bena, JF Stayner, LT Smith, RJ Gibb, HJ Lees, PSJ AF Park, RM Bena, JF Stayner, LT Smith, RJ Gibb, HJ Lees, PSJ TI Hexavalent chromium and lung cancer in the chromate industry: A quantitative risk assessment SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE excess lifetime risk; hexavalent chromium exposure-response; race interaction ID CHEMICAL PRODUCTION; PRODUCTION WORKERS; MORTALITY AB The purpose of this investigation was to estimate excess lifetime risk of lung cancer death resulting from occupational exposure to hexavalent-chromium-containing dusts and mists. The mortality experience in a previously studied cohort of 2,357 chromate chemical production workers with 122 lung cancer deaths was analyzed with Poisson regression methods. Extensive records of air samples evaluated for water-soluble total hexavalent chromium were available for the entire employment history of this cohort. Six different models of exposure-response for hexavalent chromium were evaluated by comparing deviances and inspection of cubic splines. Smoking (pack-years) imputed from cigarette use at hire was included in the model. Lifetime risks of lung cancer death from exposure to hexavalent chromium (assuming up to 45 years of exposure) were estimated using an actuarial calculation that accounts for competing causes of death. A linear relative rate model gave a good and readily interpretable fit to the data. The estimated rate ratio for 1 mg/m(3)-yr of cumulative exposure to hexavalent chromium (as CrO3) with a lag of five years, was RR = 2.44 (95% CI = 1.54-3.83). The excess lifetime risk of lung cancer death from exposure to hexavalent chromium at the current OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) (0.10 mg/m(3)) was estimated to be 255 per 1,000 (95% CI : 109-416). This estimate is comparable to previous estimates by U.S. EPA, California EPA, and OSHA using different occupational data. Our analysis predicts that current occupational standards for hexavalent chromium permit a lifetime excess risk of dying of lung cancer that exceeds 1 in 10, which is consistent with previous risk assessments. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Park, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM rhp9@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 5 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1099 EP 1108 DI 10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00512.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 875ML UT WOS:000225424400005 PM 15563281 ER PT J AU Paz-Bailey, G Meyers, A Blank, S Brown, J Rubin, S Braxton, J Zaidi, A Schafzin, J Weigl, S Markowitz, LE AF Paz-Bailey, G Meyers, A Blank, S Brown, J Rubin, S Braxton, J Zaidi, A Schafzin, J Weigl, S Markowitz, LE TI A case-control study of syphilis among men who have sex with men in New York City - Association with HIV infection SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SAN-FRANCISCO; RISK; RESURGENCE; BEHAVIOR; EPIDEMIC AB Objective: The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with syphilis among men who report sex with other men in New York City. Design, Setting and Study Subjects: We conducted a case-control study among 88 men who reported sex with men in the previous year, 18 to 55 years old and diagnosed with primary or secondary syphilis during 2001; and 176 control subjects frequently matched by age and type of health provider. Results: HIV prevalence among syphilis cases was 48% compared with 15% among control subjects (P < 0.001). Variables associated with syphilis in a multivariate model were HIV infection (odds ratio [OR], 7.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.5-15.4), income > $30,000 per year (OR, 2.7; CI, 1.4-5.2), and barebacking (OR, 2.6; CI, 1.4-4.8). The median time since HIV diagnosis for HIV-positive was 6 years for cases and 7 years for control subjects (P = 0.70). Among HIV-infected participants, syphilis cases were more likely than control subjects to report being on antiretroviral therapy (69% vs. 44%, P = 0.05) and to report having undetectable viral load (58% vs. 24%, P = 0.02). Conclusion: HIV infection was strongly associated with syphilis in this study. High-risk behavior reported by both cases and control subjects indicates the potential for increased HIV transmission. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, STD Control Program, New York, NY USA. Callen Lorde Community Hlth Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Paz-Bailey, G (reprint author), CDC, NCHSTP, Div STD Prevent, Mail Stop E-04,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gpbz@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 53 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 31 IS 10 BP 581 EP 587 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000140009.28121.0f PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 857MC UT WOS:000224119900001 PM 15388994 ER PT J AU Devine, OJ Aral, SO AF Devine, OJ Aral, SO TI The impact of inaccurate reporting of condom use and imperfect diagnosis of sexually transmitted disease infection in studies of condom effectiveness - A simulation-based assessment SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SAMPLE-SIZE DETERMINATION; MEASUREMENT ERROR; STD-RISK; MISCLASSIFICATION; HYPOTHESES; BEHAVIOR; DESIGN; MODELS; TESTS AB Background and Objectives: The effectiveness of condoms in reducing sexually transmitted disease (STD) infection risk has been debated in the face of equivocal epidemiologic evidence. We assessed the potential magnitude of bias in condom effectiveness studies resulting from inaccurate reporting of condom use behavior and misdiagnosis of STD infection status. Goal. The goal of this study was to illustrate the magnitude of bias in condom effectiveness studies in the presence of inaccurate condom use reporting and diagnostic misclassification. Study: We used probabilistic simulations to mimic plausible outcomes for hypothetical prospective and retrospective condom effectiveness studies subject to both inaccurate reporting of the participants' true condom use and diagnostic error. The simulations were conducted by generating a series of binomial (yes, no) random variables corresponding with STD infection status and accurate diagnosis of infection. Results: The simulation results illustrate that failure to address reporting and diagnostic errors can lead to a substantial bias in studies of condom effectiveness. This bias resulted in a roughly 25% to 30% reduction in the probability of detecting a true 2-fold reduction of infection risk resulting from using condoms. Conclusion: Inaccurate reporting of condom use and reliance on imperfect diagnostic tests can substantially bias observable measures of condom effectiveness. The potential for these biases should be addressed in the design and analysis of effectiveness studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Devine, OJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Off Director, Mail Stop E-87,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ODevine@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 31 IS 10 BP 588 EP 595 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000140010.25191.b3 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 857MC UT WOS:000224119900002 PM 15388995 ER PT J AU Barrientos, LG Lasala, F Delgado, R Sanchez, A Gronenborn, AM AF Barrientos, LG Lasala, F Delgado, R Sanchez, A Gronenborn, AM TI Flipping the switch from monomeric to dimeric CV-N has little effect on antiviral activity SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID DOMAIN-SWAPPED DIMER; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; HIV-INACTIVATING PROTEIN; CYANOVIRIN-N; EBOLA-VIRUS; GLYCOPROTEINS; DISCOVERY; BINDING; MUTANT AB Cyanovirin-N can exist in solution in monomeric and domain-swapped dimeric forms, with HIV-antiviral activity being reported for both. Here we present results for CN-N variants that form stable solution dimers: the obligate dimer [DeltaQ50]CV-N and the preferential dimer [S52P]CV-N. These variants exhibit comparable DeltaG values (10.6 +/- 0.5 and 9.4 +/- 0.5 kcal.mol(-1), respectively), similar to that of stabilized, monomeric [P51G]CV-N (9.8 +/- 0.5 kcal.mol(-1)), but significantly higher than wild-type CV-N (4.1 +/- 0.2 kcal.mol(-1)). During folding/ unfolding, no stably folded monomer was observed under any condition for the obligate dimer [AQ50] CV-N, whereas two monomeric, metastable species were detected for [S52P]CV-N at low concentrations. This is in contrast to our previous results for [P51G] CV-N and wild-type CV-N, for which the dimeric forms were found to be the metastable species. The dimeric mutants exhibit comparable antiviral activity against HIV and Ebola, similar to that of wild-type CV-N and the stabilized [P51G]CV-N variant. C1 NIDDKD, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, DVRD, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hosp 12 Octubre, Mol Biol Lab, Madrid 28041, Spain. RP Gronenborn, AM (reprint author), NIDDKD, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM lbarrientos1@cdc.gov; gronenborn@nih.gov RI Delgado, Rafael/C-4910-2016; OI Delgado, Rafael/0000-0002-6912-4736; Gronenborn, Angela M/0000-0001-9072-3525 NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD OCT PY 2004 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1799 EP 1807 DI 10.1016/j.str.2004.07.019 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 863DL UT WOS:000224540800007 PM 15458629 ER PT J AU Dong, MX Giles, WH Felitti, VJ Dube, SR Williams, JE Chapman, DP Anda, RF AF Dong, MX Giles, WH Felitti, VJ Dube, SR Williams, JE Chapman, DP Anda, RF TI Insights into causal pathways for ischemic heart disease - Adverse childhood experiences study SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE risk factors; stress; heart diseases; ischemia ID HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; SEXUAL ABUSE; RISK; DEPRESSION; SMOKING; ADULTS; WOMEN AB Background-The purpose of this study was to assess the relation of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction, to the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and to examine the mediating impact on this relation of both traditional IHD risk factors and psychological factors that are associated with ACEs. Methods and Results-Retrospective cohort survey data were collected from 17 337 adult health plan members from 1995 to 1997. Logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, race, and education was used to estimate the strength of the ACE-IHD relation and the mediating impact of IHD risk factors in this relation. Nine of 10 categories of ACEs significantly increased the risk of IHD by 1.3- to 1.7-fold versus persons with no ACEs. The adjusted odds ratios for IHD among persons with greater than or equal to7 ACEs was 3.6 (95% CI, 2.4 to 5.3). The ACE-IHD relation was mediated more strongly by individual psychological risk factors commonly associated with ACEs than by traditional IHD risk factors. We observed significant association between increased likelihood of reported IHD (adjusted ORs) and depressed affect (2.1, 1.9 to 2.4) and anger (2.5, 2.1 to 3.0) as well as traditional risk factors (smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, diabetes and hypertension), with ORs ranging from 1.2 to 2.7. Conclusions-We found a dose-response relation of ACEs to IHD and a relation between almost all individual ACEs and IHD. Psychological factors appear to be more important than traditional risk factors in mediating the relation of ACEs to the risk of IHD. These findings provide further insights into the potential pathways by which stressful childhood experiences may increase the risk of IHD in adulthood. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DACH, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kaiser Permanente, So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Prevent Med, San Diego, CA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Neurol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Dong, MX (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DACH, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, K-67,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mfd7@cdc.gov FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-44-10/11] NR 18 TC 343 Z9 347 U1 3 U2 33 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD SEP 28 PY 2004 VL 110 IS 13 BP 1761 EP 1766 DI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000143074.54995.7F PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 857OW UT WOS:000224128400010 PM 15381652 ER PT J AU Katow, S AF Katow, S TI Surveillance of congenital rubella syndrome in Japan, 1978-2002: effect of revision of the immunization law SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE CRS; congenital rubella syndrome; Rubella vaccine AB Infection of rubella virus at the early stages of pregnancy in women who are not immune to rubella often induces congenital anomalies in infants, namely congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). This paper is the first comprehensive report of CRS cases in Japan, compiled from a questionnaire to major hospitals, reports to journals and academic meetings, and cases for virus/virus genome verification submitted to the National Institute of Infectious Diseases. CRS incidence in Japan was determined to be 0.2-8.1 cases/100,000 live births per year in epidemic years and 0.1-0.7 in non-epidemic years, respectively. In the last 4 years, the number of CRS cases remarkably decreased to one-three cases per year. This decrease is thought to be because the immunization law was revised in 1994 for changing the focus of rubella immunization from junior high school girls to infants of both sexes. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Rickettsial Dis, Rubella Virus Lab,Measles Virus Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Katow, S (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Rickettsial Dis, Rubella Virus Lab,Measles Virus Sect, Mailstop C22,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sqk6@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 28 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 29-30 BP 4084 EP 4091 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.03.055 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 857YA UT WOS:000224154700035 PM 15364460 ER PT J AU Boehmer, TKC Flanders, D McGeehin, MA Boyle, C Barrett, DH AF Boehmer, TKC Flanders, D McGeehin, MA Boyle, C Barrett, DH TI Postservice mortality in Vietnam veterans - 30-year follow-up SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL DEATH INDEX; HEALTH-STATUS; AUSTRALIAN CONSCRIPTS; CONFLICT ERA; CERTIFICATES; ACCURACY; HERBICIDES; AUTOPSY AB Background: During the 1980s, the postservice mortality component of the Vietnam Experience Study was conducted to examine the health effects of the Vietnam experience. This study was limited by the relatively short follow-up and the young age of the veterans. Thus,a follow-up mortality investigation on this cohort was undertaken to further assess the impact of the Vietnam experience on chronic conditions. Methods: Vital status and underlying cause-of-death data on the Vietnam Experience Study cohort (18313 male US Army veterans) were retrospectively ascertained from the end of the original study through 2000. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted rate ratios (RRs) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality, comparing Vietnam and non-Vietnam veterans. Results: All-cause mortality was 7% higher in Vietnam vs non-Vietnam veterans during 30-year follow-up (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-1.18), The excess mortality among Vietnam veterans was isolated to the first 5 years after discharge from active duty and resulted from an increase in external causes of death (RR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.16-2.26). Cause-specific analyses revealed no difference in disease-related mortality. Vietnam veterans, however, experienced excess unintentional poisoning (RR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.12-4.57) and drug-related (RR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.01-2.86) deaths throughout follow-up. Conclusions: Vietnam veterans continued to experience higher mortality than non-Vietnam veterans from unintentional poisonings and drug-related causes. Death rates from disease-related chronic conditions, including cancers and circulatory system diseases, did not differ between Vietnam veterans and their peers, despite the increasing age of the cohort (mean age, 53 years) and the longer follow-up (average, 30 years). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Barrett, DH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-28, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM DBarrett@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD SEP 27 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 17 BP 1908 EP 1916 DI 10.1001/archinte.164.17.1908 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 857HV UT WOS:000224108000015 PM 15451767 ER PT J AU Uyeki, T Teates, K Brammer, L Klimov, A Fukuda, K Cox, N AF Uyeki, T Teates, K Brammer, L Klimov, A Fukuda, K Cox, N CA WHO Collaborating Ctr Surveillance TI Update: Influenza activity united states and worldwide, 2003-04 season, and composition of the 2004-05 influenza vaccine (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 547-552, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID HONG-KONG; A H5N1 C1 WHO Collaborating Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Co, Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Uyeki, T (reprint author), WHO Collaborating Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Co, Geneva, Switzerland. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 22 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 12 BP 1420 EP 1423 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 856FT UT WOS:000224031800007 ER PT J AU Kaufman, J Modzeleki, W Feucht, T Simon, TR Anderson, M Shaw, K Arias, I Barrios, L AF Kaufman, J Modzeleki, W Feucht, T Simon, TR Anderson, M Shaw, K Arias, I Barrios, L TI School-associated suicides - United States, 1994-1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 476-478, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Univ Miami, Dept Sociol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. US DOE, Off Safe & Drug Free Sch Program, Washington, DC 20585 USA. US Dept Justice, Natl Inst Justice, Washington, DC 20530 USA. CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kaufman, J (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Sociol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 22 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 12 BP 1423 EP 1424 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 856FT UT WOS:000224031800008 ER PT J AU Johnson, VJ Yucesoy, B Luster, MI AF Johnson, VJ Yucesoy, B Luster, MI TI Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms in cytokine genes using real-time PCR allelic discrimination technology SO CYTOKINE LA English DT Article DE polymorphism; cytokine; single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP); real-time PCR; Taqman ID HUMAN-DISEASE; PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM; FUTURE AB Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), particularly those within regulatory regions of genes that code for cytokines often impact expression levels and can be disease modifiers. Investigating associations between cytokine genotype and disease outcome provides valuable insight into disease etiology and potential therapeutic intervention. Traditionally, genotyping for cytokine SNPs has been conducted using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), a low throughput technique not amenable for use in large-scale cytokine SNP association studies. Recently, Taqman(R) real-time PCR chemistry has been adapted for use in allelic discrimination assays. The present study validated the accuracy and utility of real-time PCR technology for a number of commonly studied cytokine polymorphisms known to influence chronic inflammatory diseases. We show that this technique is amenable to high-throughput genotyping and overcomes many of the problematic features associated with PCR-RFLP including post-PCR manipulation, non-standardized assay conditions, manual allelic identification and false allelic identification due to incomplete enzyme digestion. The real-time PCR assays are highly accurate with an error rate in the present study of <1% and concordance rate with PCR-RFLP genotyping of 99.4%. The public databases of cytokine polymorphisms and validated genotyping assays highlighted in the present study will greatly benefit this important field of research. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Johnson, VJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd,Mail Stop 3014, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM vjohnson3@cdc.gov RI Johnson, Victor/A-7910-2009; Yucesoy, Berran/B-4497-2009 NR 21 TC 37 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1043-4666 J9 CYTOKINE JI Cytokine PD SEP 21 PY 2004 VL 27 IS 6 BP 135 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.cyto.2004.05.002 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 850DT UT WOS:000223592100001 PM 15304242 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK Durden, LA Wrenn, WJ AF Reeves, WK Durden, LA Wrenn, WJ TI Ectoparasitic chiggers (Acari : Trombiculidae, Leeuwenhoekiidae), lice (Phthiraptera), and Hemiptera (Cimicidae and Reduviidae) from South Carolina, USA SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Acari; Anoplura; Cimicidae; Leeuwenhoekiidae; Mallophaga; Phthiraptera; Reduviidae; Triatominae; Trombiculidae ID EUTROMBICULA-ALFREDDUGESI ACARI; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; WHITE-TAILED DEER; HEPATITIS-B VIRUS; HEAD LICE; ANOPLURA; CAVE; TRANSMISSION; HETEROPTERA; MALLOPHAGA AB We report on the distribution of 15 chiggers, 31 lice of mammals, and 7 blood feeding hemipteran species in South Carolina. Some of these arthropods are vectors of pathogens to humans and domestic animals. Both Triatoma lecticularia and T. sanguisuga were reported from houses and these bugs are potential vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi. We also report on the continued presence of the bed bug, Cimex lectularius, in homes across the state. In addition we found the lice Haematopinus suis, Neohaematopinus sciuropteri, Pediculis humanus, Polyplax spinulosa, and Trichodectes canis, all of which are vectors or intermediate hosts of human or animal pathogens. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. Orang ecty Vector Control Dist, Santa Ana, CA 92702 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Mailstop G-13,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wreeves@alumni.clemson.edu NR 79 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD SEP 20 PY 2004 IS 647 BP 1 EP 20 PG 20 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 875DG UT WOS:000225399300001 ER PT J AU Chen, LQ DiGiammarino, E Zhou, XYE Wang, YJ Toh, D Hodge, TW Meehan, EJ AF Chen, LQ DiGiammarino, E Zhou, XYE Wang, YJ Toh, D Hodge, TW Meehan, EJ TI High resolution crystal structure of human Rab9 GTPase - A novel antiviral drug target SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRANS-GOLGI NETWORK; PROTEIN STRUCTURES; ENDOSOMES; BINDING; HYDROLYSIS; INSIGHTS; DOMAINS; REGIONS AB Rab GTPases and their effectors facilitate vesicular transport by tethering donor vesicles to their respective target membranes. Rab9 mediates late endosome to trans-Golgi transport and has recently been found to be a key cellular component for human immunodeficiency virus-1, Ebola, Marburg, and measles virus replication, suggesting that it may be a novel target in the development of broad spectrum antiviral drugs. As part of our structure-based drug design program, we have determined the crystal structure of a C-terminally truncated human Rab9 (residues 1-177) to 1.25-Angstrom resolution. The overall structure shows a characteristic nucleotide binding fold consisting of a six-stranded beta-sheet surrounded by five alpha-helices with a tightly bound GDP molecule in the active site. Structure-based sequence alignment of Rab9 with other Rab proteins reveals that its active site consists of residues highly conserved in the Rab GTPase family, implying a common catalytic mechanism. However, Rab9 contains seven regions that are significantly different in conformation from other Rab proteins. Some of those regions coincide with putative effector-binding sites and switch I and switch II regions identified by structure/sequence alignments. The Rab9 structure at near atomic resolution provides an excellent model for structure-based antiviral drug design. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Struct Biol Lab, Grad Programs Biotechnol Chem & Mat Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Meehan, EJ (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Struct Biol Lab, Grad Programs Biotechnol Chem & Mat Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM meehane@uah.edu NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD SEP 17 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 38 BP 40204 EP 40208 DI 10.1074/jbc.M407114200 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 852YA UT WOS:000223791500119 PM 15263003 ER PT J AU Imperatore, G Cadwell, BL Geiss, L Saadinne, JB Williams, DE Ford, ES Thompson, TJ Venkat Narayan, KM Gregg, EW AF Imperatore, G Cadwell, BL Geiss, L Saadinne, JB Williams, DE Ford, ES Thompson, TJ Venkat Narayan, KM Gregg, EW TI Thirty-year trends in cardiovascular risk factor levels among US adults with diabetes - National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1971-2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blood pressure; cardiovascular diseases; cholesterol; diabetes mellitus; risk factors; smoking ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL EDUCATION-PROGRAM; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS; MORTALITY; TRIAL; PREVENTION; CARE; HYPERTENSION AB Among US adults with diabetes, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 1971-1974, 1976-1980, 1988-1994, and 1999-2000, the authors describe 30-year trends in total cholesterol, blood pressure, and smoking levels. Using Bayesian models, the authors calculated mean changes per year and 95% credible intervals for age-adjusted mean total cholesterol and blood pressure levels and the prevalence of high total cholesterol (greater than or equal to5.17 mmol/liter), high blood pressure (systolic blood pressure: greater than or equal to140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure: greater than or equal to90 mmHg), and smoking. Between 1971-1974 and 1999-2000, mean total cholesterol declined from 5.95 mmol/liter to 5.48 mmol/liter (-0.02 (95% credible interval: -0.03, -0.01) mmol/liter per year). The proportion with high cholesterol decreased from 72% to 55%. Mean blood pressure declined from 146/86 mmHg to 134/72 mmHg (systolic blood pressure: -0.5 (95% credible interval: -1.1, 0.5) mmHg per year; diastolic blood pressure: -0.6 (95% credible interval: -1.0, -0.03) mmHg per year). The proportion with high blood pressure decreased from 64% to 37%, and smoking prevalence decreased from 32% to 17%. Although these trends are encouraging, still one of two people with diabetes has high cholesterol, one of three has high blood pressure, and one of six is a smoker. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabetes Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Imperatore, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabetes Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-K10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM gai5@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 93 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 160 IS 6 BP 531 EP 539 DI 10.1093/aje/kwh232 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 854XU UT WOS:000223938000005 PM 15353413 ER PT J AU Li, STT Davis, RL Weiss, NS AF Li, STT Davis, RL Weiss, NS TI Intussusception and oral poliovirus vaccination: Is there an association? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE intussusception; poliovirus vaccine, oral ID INFANTS AB Oral rotavirus vaccine was voluntarily withdrawn from the market after studies observed an increased risk of intussusception within 2 weeks after immunization. Concern has been raised that other orally administered vaccines, such as oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), may also be associated with intussusception. In this 1990-1998 case-control study, the authors examined the association between OPV and intussusception in the Washington State Medicaid population, evaluating receipt of OPV during the month prior to intussusception among 119 cases and 589 controls matched by date of birth. Analysis was conducted via matched conditional logistic regression, controlling for sex. Between 1990 and 1998, 119 children younger than age 2 years had a therapeutic enema, surgical reduction, or hospitalization for intussusception and had been enrolled in Medicaid for at least 1 month prior to their intussusception date. There was no significantly elevated risk of intussusception associated with receipt of OPV; 9.2% (11/119) of cases and 8.5% (50/589) of controls were given OPV 0-28 days prior to the case's intussusception date (odds ratio = 1.1, 95% confidence interval: 0.5, 2.2). However, to address the hypothesis that risk of intussusception is related to receipt of a particular dose of OPV, a larger study would be required. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Li, STT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, 2516 Stockton Blvd,3rd Floor, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM su-ting.li@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu OI Li, Su-Ting/0000-0002-9104-912X NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 160 IS 6 BP 576 EP 581 DI 10.1093/aje/kwh260 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 854XU UT WOS:000223938000010 PM 15353418 ER PT J AU Ellerbrock, TV Chamblee, S Bush, TJ Johnson, JW Marsh, BJ Lowell, P Trenschel, RJ von Reyn, CF Johnson, LS Horsburgh, CR AF Ellerbrock, TV Chamblee, S Bush, TJ Johnson, JW Marsh, BJ Lowell, P Trenschel, RJ von Reyn, CF Johnson, LS Horsburgh, CR TI Human immunodeficiency virus infection in a rural community in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; crack cocaine; HIV; HIV infections; risk factors; sexual behavior; sexually transmitted diseases ID NEW-YORK-CITY; HIV-INFECTION; SYPHILIS; RISK; TRANSMISSION; FLORIDA; CLINICS; AIDS; URBS AB In 1986, a population-based survey of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a rural Florida community showed that HIV prevalence was 28/877 (3.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0, 4.4). In 1998-2000, the authors performed a second population-based survey in this community and a case-control study to determine whether HIV prevalence and risk factors had changed. After 609 addresses had been randomly selected for the survey, 516 (85%) residents were enrolled, and 447 (73%) were tested for HIV. HIV prevalence was 7/447 (1.6%, 95% CI: 0.4, 2.7) in western Palm Beach County and 5/286 (1.7%, 95% CI: 0.2, 3.3) in Belle Glade (p = 0.2 in comparison with 1986). Independent predictors of HIV infection in both 1986 and 1998-2000 were having a history of sexually transmitted disease, number of sex partners, and exchanging money or drugs for sex. A history of having sex with men was a risk factor among men in 1986 but not in 1998-2000; residence in specific neighborhoods was a risk factor in 1998-2000 but not in 1986. The authors conclude that heterosexually acquired HIV infection did not spread throughout the community between 1986 and 1998 but persisted at a low level in discrete neighborhoods. Interventions targeting HIV-endemic neighborhoods will be needed to further reduce HIV prevalence in this area. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Glades Hlth Iniat Inc, Belle Glade, FL USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dept Med, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Palm Beach Cty Hlth Dept, Belle Glade, FL USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA. RP Ellerbrock, TV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tve1@cdc.gov OI Horsburgh, C./0000-0001-6838-7895 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU406791, U64/CCU118611] NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 160 IS 6 BP 582 EP 588 DI 10.1093/aje/kwh262 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 854XU UT WOS:000223938000011 PM 15353419 ER PT J AU McNabb, SJN Kammerer, JS Hickey, AC Braden, CR Shang, N Rosenblum, LS Navin, TR AF McNabb, SJN Kammerer, JS Hickey, AC Braden, CR Shang, N Rosenblum, LS Navin, TR TI Added epidemiologic value to tuberculosis prevention and control of the investigation of clustered genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE contact tracing; DNA fingerprinting; genotype; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; polymorphism, restriction fragment length; tuberculosis ID NEW-YORK-CITY; LABORATORY CROSS-CONTAMINATION; FALSE-POSITIVE CULTURES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; EXOGENOUS REINFECTION; SURVEILLANCE NETWORK; FINGERPRINT PATTERNS; RECENT TRANSMISSION; HOMELESS ADULTS; OUTBREAK AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention established the US National Tuberculosis Genotyping and Surveillance Network to study the utility of genotyping Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates for prevention and control. From 1998 to 2000, four sites performed conventional contact investigations and epidemiologic investigations of cases with genotypically matched M. tuberculosis isolates, called cluster investigations. The authors compared cluster pairs (two cases with M. tuberculosis isolates having identical genotypes) whose epidemiologic linkages were discovered only during cluster investigation with those whose epidemiologic linkages were discovered during conventional contact investigation. Among the 2,141 reported culture-positive tuberculosis cases, 2,055 (96%) M. tuberculosis isolates were genotyped. By itself and at a minimum, cluster investigation added 43 (38%) of the 113 total epidemiologic linkages discovered. Of the epidemiologic linkages discovered during conventional contact investigation, 29% of tuberculosis case pairs were not supported by genotyping data. The linkages discovered only during cluster investigation were more likely discovered in nontraditional settings and relationships and among larger clusters (cluster size of >5: adjusted odds ratio = 57.6, 95% confidence interval: 31.8, 104.6). Information gained from genotyping M. tuberculosis isolates should initiate cluster investigations of tuberculosis cases not previously discovered as being epidemiologically linked during conventional contact investigation. Cluster investigations will play a crucial role in predicting recent tuberculosis transmission more accurately, as we move toward tuberculosis elimination in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Team, Surveillance Epidemiol & Outbreak Invest Branch, Div TB Eliminat,Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McNabb, SJN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Team, Surveillance Epidemiol & Outbreak Invest Branch, Div TB Eliminat,Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sym3@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 160 IS 6 BP 589 EP 597 DI 10.1093/aje/kwh253 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 854XU UT WOS:000223938000012 PM 15353420 ER PT J AU Warner, L Newman, DR Douglas, JM Zenilman, JM Kleinbaum, DK Macaluso, M Peterman, TA AF Warner, L Newman, DR Douglas, JM Zenilman, JM Kleinbaum, DK Macaluso, M Peterman, TA TI Re: "Condom effectiveness for reducing transmission of gonorrhea and chlamydia: The importance of assessing partner infection status" - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter DE cross-over studies; data collection; mass screening; melanoma; randomized controlled trials; skin C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Baltimore City Dept Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Warner, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 160 IS 6 BP 608 EP 609 DI 10.1093/aje/kwh265 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 854XU UT WOS:000223938000015 ER PT J AU Hopkins, RJ Lane, JM AF Hopkins, RJ Lane, JM TI Clinical efficacy of intramuscular vaccinia immune globulin: A literature review SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID ANTIVACCINIA GAMMA-GLOBULIN; SMALLPOX VACCINATION; PROGRESSIVE VACCINIA; UNITED STATES; ADVERSE-REACTIONS; OCULAR VACCINIA; COMPLICATIONS; THERAPY; IMMUNODEFICIENCY; PROPHYLAXIS AB Background. Numerous literature reports describe clinical efficacy of intramuscular vaccinia immune globulin (VIG) for complications of smallpox vaccination, prophylaxis of individuals with contraindications to vaccination, and prevention of smallpox among close contacts of patients with smallpox. Methods. We reviewed the literature regarding VIG treatment and prophylaxis of smallpox vaccine complications and the use of VIG as a preventative measure for close contacts of patients with smallpox. Results. Data regarding intramuscular administration of VIG for treatment of smallpox vaccine complications occurred in 16 articles, none of which reported formal controlled trials. The indications for treatment include generalized vaccinia, progressive vaccinia, eczema vaccinatum, and certain accidental implantations. Six publications suggest VIG efficacy for prophylaxis of vaccinial superinfection of eczema, burns, chickenpox, immunosuppression, pregnancy, or certain skin conditions. Prophylactic VIG has also been used in healthy military recruits to reduce the incidence of postvaccinial encephalitis. The use of intramuscular administration of VIG to prevent smallpox in contacts of patients with documented cases of smallpox is reported in 4 studies that compare contacts who received intramuscular administration of VIG with those who did not and in 1 observational study, with varying but promising results. Conclusions. Although controlled clinical trials do not exist to support the use of VIG for treatment of vaccinia-related complications or prophylaxis among individuals with contraindications to smallpox vaccination, available data suggest that VIG reduces morbidity and mortality associated with progressive vaccinia ( vaccinia necrosum) and eczema vaccinatum. Furthermore, VIG seems to prevent vaccinial superinfection in patients with inflammatory skin diseases or burns, given the low incidence of vaccina-related complications associated with these conditions. C1 Dynport Vaccine Co, Frederick, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Smallpox Eradicat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hopkins, RJ (reprint author), Emergent BioSolut, 300 Profess Dr,Ste 100, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM HopkinsR@bioport.com NR 83 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6 BP 819 EP 826 DI 10.1086/422999 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JD UT WOS:000227491500011 PM 15472814 ER PT J AU Gaynes, R Rimland, D Killum, E Lowery, HK Johnson, T Killgore, G Tenover, FC AF Gaynes, R Rimland, D Killum, E Lowery, HK Johnson, T Killgore, G Tenover, FC TI Outbreak of Clostridium difficile infection and gatifloxacin use in a long-term care facility - Reply to Mohr SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID DIARRHEA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Care Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gaynes, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div Hlth Care Qual Promot, MS E-55,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Rpg1@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6 BP 876 EP 877 DI 10.1086/423280 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JD UT WOS:000227491500027 ER PT J AU Leone, P Hightow, L Foust, E Owen-O'Dowd, J Phillip, S Gray, P Jones, B Fitzpatrick, L Millett, G Jones, K Stall, R Holmberg, S Greenberg, A Ahdieh-Grant, L Eure, C AF Leone, P Hightow, L Foust, E Owen-O'Dowd, J Phillip, S Gray, P Jones, B Fitzpatrick, L Millett, G Jones, K Stall, R Holmberg, S Greenberg, A Ahdieh-Grant, L Eure, C TI HIV transmission among black college student and non-student men who have sex with men - North Carolina, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 731-734, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Leone, P (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 11 BP 1295 EP 1296 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 853YL UT WOS:000223866800009 ER PT J AU Thompson, WW Shay, DK Weintraub, E Brammer, I Bridges, CB Cox, NJ Fukuda, K AF Thompson, WW Shay, DK Weintraub, E Brammer, I Bridges, CB Cox, NJ Fukuda, K TI Influenza-associated hospitalizations in the United States SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; OUTPATIENT VISITS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; IMPACT; EPIDEMICS; VACCINATION; MORTALITY; DISEASE; SURVEILLANCE AB Context Respiratory viral infections are responsible for a large number of hospitalizations in the United States each year. Objective To estimate annual influenza-associated hospitalizations in the United States by hospital discharge category, discharge type, and age group. Design, Setting, and Participants National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) data and World Health Organization Collaborating Laboratories influenza surveillance data were used to estimate annual average numbers of hospitalizations associated with the circulation of influenza viruses from the 1979-1980 through the 2000-2001 seasons in the United States using age-specific Poisson regression models. Main Outcome Measures We estimated influenza-associated hospitalizations for primary and any listed pneumonia and influenza and respiratory and circulatory hospitalizations. Results Annual averages of 94735 (range, 18908-193561) primary and 133 900 (range, 30757-271529) any listed pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations were associated with influenza virus infections. Annual averages of 226 054 (range, 54523-430960) primary and 294128 (range, 86494-544909) any listed respiratory and circulatory hospitalizations were associated with influenza virus infections. Persons 85 years or older had the highest rates of influenza-associated primary respiratory and circulatory hospitalizations (1194.9 per 100000 persons). Children younger than 5 years (107.9 primary respiratory and circulatory hospitalizations per 100000 persons) had rates similar to persons aged 50 through 64 years. Estimated rates of influenza-associated hospitalizations were highest during seasons in which A(H3N2) viruses predominated, followed by B and A(H1N1) seasons. After adjusting for the length of each influenza season, influenza-associated primary pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations increased over time among the elderly. There were no significant increases in influenza-associated primary respiratory and circulatory hospitalizations after adjusting for the length of the influenza season. Conclusions Significant numbers of influenza-associated hospitalizations in the United States occur among the elderly, and the numbers of these hospitalizations have increased substantially over the last 2 decades due in part to the aging of the population. Children younger than 5 years had rates of influenza-associated hospitalizations similar to those among individuals aged 50 through 64 years. These findings highlight the need for improved influenza prevention efforts for both young and older US residents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Thompson, WW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wct2@cdc.gov OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 41 TC 1227 Z9 1267 U1 10 U2 81 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 11 BP 1333 EP 1340 DI 10.1001/jama.292.11.1333 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 853YL UT WOS:000223866800025 PM 15367555 ER PT J AU Gottlieb, SL Douglas, JM Foster, M Schmid, DS Newman, DR Baron, AE Bolan, G Iatesta, M Malotte, CK Zenilman, J Fishbein, M Peterman, TA Kamb, ML AF Gottlieb, SL Douglas, JM Foster, M Schmid, DS Newman, DR Baron, AE Bolan, G Iatesta, M Malotte, CK Zenilman, J Fishbein, M Peterman, TA Kamb, ML CA Project RESPECT Study Grp TI Incidence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in 5 sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics and the effect of HIV/STD risk-reduction counseling SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Meeting of the International-Society-for-Sexually-Transmitted-Diseases-Research CY JUN 24-27, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP Int Soc Sexually Transmitted Dis Res ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; GENITAL HERPES; UNITED-STATES; WOMEN; ACQUISITION; TRANSMISSION; SEROPREVALENCE; PREVENTION; VACCINE AB The seroincidence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection was determined among 1766 patients attending sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics and enrolled in a randomized, controlled trial of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/STD risk-reduction counseling (RRC). Arm 1 received enhanced RRC (4 sessions); arm 2, brief RRC (2 sessions); and arm 3, the control arm, brief informational messages. The overall incidence rate was 11.7 cases/100 person-years (py). Independent predictors of incidence of HSV-2 infection included female sex; black race; residence in Newark, New Jersey; <50% condom use with an occasional partner; and, in females, incident trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis. Only 10.8% of new HSV-2 infections were diagnosed clinically. Incidence rates were 12.9 cases/100 py in the control arm, 11.8 cases/100 py in arm 2, and 10.3 cases/100 py in arm 1 (hazard ratio, 0.8 [95% confidence interval, 0.6-1.1], vs. controls). The possible benefit of RRC in preventing acquisition of HSV-2 infection offers encouragement that interventions more specifically tailored to genital herpes may be useful and should be an important focus of future studies. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Hlth Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. New Jersey State Dept Hlth, Newark, NJ USA. Baltimore City Hlth Dep, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Penn, Annenberg Sch Commun, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Gottlieb, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM stg8@cdc.gov FU BHP HRSA HHS [5T32 PE 10006] NR 43 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 190 IS 6 BP 1059 EP 1067 DI 10.1086/423323 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 850SS UT WOS:000223633400004 PM 15319854 ER PT J AU Parashar, UD Li, JF Cama, R DeZalia, M Monroe, SS Taylor, DN Figueroa, D Gilman, RH Glass, RI AF Parashar, UD Li, JF Cama, R DeZalia, M Monroe, SS Taylor, DN Figueroa, D Gilman, RH Glass, RI TI Human caliciviruses as a cause of severe gastroenteritis in Peruvian children SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 27-30, 2002 CL San Diego, CA ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; DIARRHEA; PREVALENCE; INFECTIONS; ROTAVIRUS; OUTBREAKS; ANTIBODY AB To define the role of human caliciviruses (HuCVs) in severe childhood gastroenteritis, fecal and paired serum samples from 233 Peruvian children hospitalized with gastroenteritis (case patients) and fecal samples from 248 control subjects were evaluated. Overall, 128 case patients (55%) demonstrated HuCV infection by either fecal (n=81 [35%]) or serological (n=96[41%]) testing. HuCVs were more prevalent in fecal samples from case patients than those from control subjects (35% vs. 13%; P<.001). HuCV infection was more prevalent among case patients without another pathogen than in those who had a coinfecting pathogen (77% [40/52] vs. 49% [88/181]; P<.001). HuCVs appear to be an important cause of gastroenteritis in Peruvian children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Sch Hopkins Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Childrens Hlth Inst, Lima, Peru. AB PRISMA, Lima, Peru. RP Parashar, UD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Mailstop G-04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM uap2@cdc.gov OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 15 TC 36 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 190 IS 6 BP 1088 EP 1092 DI 10.1086/423324 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 850SS UT WOS:000223633400008 PM 15319858 ER PT J AU Tong, SX Lingappa, JR Chen, Q Shu, B LaMonte, AC Cook, BT Birge, C Chern, SWW Liu, X Galloway, R Mai, LQ Ng, WF Yang, JY Butany, J Comer, JA Monroe, SS Beard, SR Ksiazek, TG Erdman, D Rota, PA Pallansch, MA Anderson, LJ AF Tong, SX Lingappa, JR Chen, Q Shu, B LaMonte, AC Cook, BT Birge, C Chern, SWW Liu, X Galloway, R Mai, LQ Ng, WF Yang, JY Butany, J Comer, JA Monroe, SS Beard, SR Ksiazek, TG Erdman, D Rota, PA Pallansch, MA Anderson, LJ TI Direct sequencing of SARS-coronavirus S and N genes from clinical specimens shows limited variation SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on SARS CY MAY 08-11, 2004 CL Lubeck, GERMANY ID ACUTE-RESPIRATORY-SYNDROME; GENOME SEQUENCE; HONG-KONG; IDENTIFICATION AB Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged, in November 2002, as a novel agent causing severe respiratory illness. To study sequence variation in the SARS-CoV genome, we determined the nucleic acid sequence of the S and N genes directly from clinical specimens from 10 patients-1 specimen with no matched SARS-CoV isolate, from 2 patients; multiple specimens from 3 patients; and matched clinical-specimen/cell-culture-isolate pairs from 6 patients. We identified 3 nucleotide substitutions that were most likely due to natural variation and 2 substitutions that arose after cell-culture passage of the virus. These data demonstrate the overall stability of the S and N genes of SARS-CoV over 3 months during which a minimum of 4 generations for transmission events occurred. These findings are a part of the expanding investigation of the evolution of how this virus adapts to a new host. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Dept Virol, Hanoi, Vietnam. Princess Margaret Hosp, Dept Pathol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Yan Chai Hosp, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Taipei, Taiwan. Toronto Gen Hosp, Toronto Med Labs, Univ Toronto Univ Hlth Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Tong, SX (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-G17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sot1@cdc.gov OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 21 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 190 IS 6 BP 1127 EP 1131 DI 10.1086/422849 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 850SS UT WOS:000223633400013 PM 15319863 ER PT J AU Nelson, JM Smith, KE Vugia, DJ Rabatsky-Ehr, T Segler, SD Kassenborg, HD Zansky, SM Joyce, K Marano, N Hoekstra, RM Angulo, FJ AF Nelson, JM Smith, KE Vugia, DJ Rabatsky-Ehr, T Segler, SD Kassenborg, HD Zansky, SM Joyce, K Marano, N Hoekstra, RM Angulo, FJ TI Prolonged diarrhea due to ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter infection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; VETERINARY-MEDICINE; JEJUNI; MUTATIONS; POULTRY; HEALTH; COLI AB Background. Campylobacter causes >1 million infections annually in the United States. Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin) are used to treat Campylobacter infections in adults. Although human infections with ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter have become increasingly common, the human health consequences of such infections are not well described. Methods. A case-control study of persons with sporadic Campylobacter infection was conducted within 7 FoodNet sites during 1998-1999. The E-test system (AB Biodisk) was used to test for antimicrobial susceptibility to ciprofloxacin; ciprofloxacin resistance was defined as a ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration of greater than or equal to4 mug/mL. We conducted a case-comparison study of interviewed persons who had an isolate tested. Results. Of 858 isolates tested, 94 (11%) were ciprofloxacin resistant. Among 290 persons with Campylobacter infection who did not take antidiarrheal medications, persons with ciprofloxacin-resistant infection had a longer mean duration of diarrhea than did persons with ciprofloxacin-susceptible infection (9 vs. 7 days [P=.04]). This difference was even more pronounced among the 63 persons who did not take antidiarrheal medications or antimicrobial agents (12 vs. 6 days [P=.04]). In a multivariable analysis-of-variance model, the persons with ciprofloxacin-resistant infection had a longer mean duration of diarrhea than did the persons with ciprofloxacin-susceptible infection (P=.01); this effect was independent of foreign travel. The association between ciprofloxacin resistance and prolonged diarrhea is consistent across a variety of analytical approaches. Conclusions. Persons with ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter infection have a longer duration of diarrhea than do persons with ciprofloxacin-susceptible Campylobacter infection. Additional efforts are needed to preserve the efficacy of fluoroquinolones. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. RP Angulo, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fangulo@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 89 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 190 IS 6 BP 1150 EP 1157 DI 10.1086/423282 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 850SS UT WOS:000223633400016 PM 15319866 ER PT J AU Brouwer, KC Lal, AA Mirel, LB Otieno, J Ayisi, J Van Eijk, AM Lal, RB Steketee, R Nahlen, BL Shi, YP AF Brouwer, KC Lal, AA Mirel, LB Otieno, J Ayisi, J Van Eijk, AM Lal, RB Steketee, R Nahlen, BL Shi, YP TI Polymorphism of Fc receptor IIa for immunoglobulin G is associated with placental malaria in HIV-1-positive women in western Kenya SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Meeting on Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics CY JUL 23-27, 2002 CL Paris, FRANCE ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ASYMPTOMATIC PREGNANT-WOMEN; ASEXUAL BLOOD STAGES; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; GAMMA RECEPTOR; IGG SUBCLASSES; BIRTH-WEIGHT; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION AB Background. Genetic polymorphism of the Fc receptor IIa for immunoglobulin (Ig)G( FcgammaRIIa) determines IgG subclass binding. Previous studies have shown that individuals with the IgG1/3-binding FcgammaRIIa-Arg/Arg131 genotype are relatively protected against high-density malaria, whereas individuals with the IgG2-binding FcgammaRIIa-His/His131 genotype are at increased risk for developing cerebral malaria. The present study was undertaken to examine the relationship between FcgammaRIIa polymorphism and placental malaria (PM) in pregnant women of known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 status. Methods. FcgammaRIIa genotype was determined in 903 pregnant women who had participated in a study designed to assess the effect that PM has on vertical transmission of HIV-1. FcgammaRIIa polymorphism was assessed in relation to PM. Results. Among HIV-negative women, there was no difference in the distribution of the FcgammaRIIa polymorphism by PM status. However, among HIV-positive women, the frequency of the FcgammaRIIa-His/His131 genotype was significantly higher in women with PM than in women without PM (31% vs. 22%, respectively [P=.032]). In multivariate analysis, the adjusted odds ratio for PM in HIV-positive women with the FcgammaRIIa-His/His131 genotype versus women in the FcgammaRIIa-His/Arg131 reference group was 1.72 (95% confidence interval, 1.11-2.69 [P=.016]). Conclusions. The present study suggests that the IgG2-binding FcgammaRIIa-His/His131 genotype is associated with enhanced susceptibility to PM in HIV-positive women but not in HIV-negative women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Minist Hlth, New Nyanza Prov Gen Hosp, Kisumu, Kenya. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Shi, YP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-12, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM yps0@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 190 IS 6 BP 1192 EP 1198 DI 10.1086/422850 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 850SS UT WOS:000223633400021 PM 15319871 ER PT J AU Chugh, SS Jui, J Gunson, K Stecker, EC John, BT Thompson, B Ilias, N Vickers, C Dogra, V Daya, M Kron, J Zheng, ZJ Mensah, G McAnulty, J AF Chugh, SS Jui, J Gunson, K Stecker, EC John, BT Thompson, B Ilias, N Vickers, C Dogra, V Daya, M Kron, J Zheng, ZJ Mensah, G McAnulty, J TI Current burden of sudden cardiac death: Multiple source surveillance versus retrospective death certificate-based review in a large US community SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; UNITED-STATES; ARREST; SURVIVAL; POPULATION; EPILEPSY; IMPACT; RISK AB OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the annual incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the general population using a prospective approach. To assess the validity of retrospective surveillance, a simultaneous comparison was made with a death certificate-based method of determining SCD incidence. BACKGROUND Accurate surveillance and characterization of SCD in the general population is likely to significantly facilitate current and future community-based preventive and therapeutic interventions. METHODS We performed a prospective evaluation of SCD among all residents of Multnomah County, Oregon (population 660,486) using multiple sources of surveillance. A comprehensive analysis of circumstances of death, medical records, and available autopsy data was performed. Comparisons were made with a retrospective, death certificate-based determination of SCD incidence using International Classification of Diseases-Version 10 codes and location of death. RESULTS Between February 1, 2002, and January 31, 2003, 353 residents suffered SCD (incidence 53 of 100,000; median age 69 years, 57% male) accounting for 5.6% of overall mortality. Of these, 75 cases (21%) were identified using sources other than first responders. Resuscitation was attempted in 237 cases (67%) and successful (survival to hospital discharge) in 28 (8%). The retrospective death certificate-based review yielded 1,007 cases (incidence 153 of 100,000; median age 81 years, 51% male), and the positive predictive value of this methodology was 19%. CONCLUSIONS Sudden cardiac death accounts for 5.6% of annual mortality, and prospective evaluation in the general population appears to be feasible. The use of multiple sources of ascertainment and information significantly enhances phenotyping of SCD cases. Retrospective death certificate-based surveillance results in significant overestimation of SCD incidence. (C) 2004 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. C1 Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Cardiol, Heart Rhythm Res Lab, Portland, OR 97239 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chugh, SS (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Cardiol, Heart Rhythm Res Lab, UHN-62,3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk Rd, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM chughs@ohsu.edu OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-0660] NR 24 TC 349 Z9 365 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1268 EP 1275 DI 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.06.029 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 854XM UT WOS:000223937200019 PM 15364331 ER PT J AU Alvarez, R Jones, LP Seal, BS Kapczynski, DR Tripp, RA AF Alvarez, R Jones, LP Seal, BS Kapczynski, DR Tripp, RA TI Serological cross-reactivity of members of the Metapneumovirus genus SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE human metapneumovirus; pneumovirus; avian metapneumovirus; respiratory syncytial virus; antibody ID ACQUIRED RESPIRATORY ILLNESS; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; AVIAN PNEUMOVIRUS; G-GLYCOPROTEIN; SUBGROUP-A; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INFECTION; TURKEYS AB Respiratory tract infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a recently discovered respiratory pathogen of the Paramyxovirus family in the Metapneumovirus genus. HMPV was first isolated from young children in The Netherlands with respiratory illness similar to human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Epidemiological data indicates that HMPV co-circulates with RSV in the community. Few immunological tools are available to study the virological features of HMPV infection, thus current studies rely on reverse-transcription (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection. In this study, we examine serological cross-reactivity of RSV, HMPV and other Metapneumovirus members, i.e. avian metapneumovirus (AMPV), and show that polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies reactive to a conserved region in AMPV nucleoprotein (N) cross-react with HMPV N protein, but not with RSV N protein by ELISA,Western blot and immunohistochemical assays. In addition, we show that HMPV infection in the lungs of BALB/c mice can be detected using anti-N protein antibody. These reagents provide new tools and methods for investigating HMPV infection, for differentiating HMPV from RSV infection, and may be useful for characterizing potential links between HMPV with other respiratory complications. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Resp & Enter Viruses, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Tripp, RA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Med Microbiol, Room 356, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rtripp@vet.uga.edu OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 105 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.04.019 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 853GI UT WOS:000223814800007 PM 15325082 ER PT J AU Eidex, RB AF Eidex, RB CA Yellow Fever Vaccine Safety Workin TI History of thymoma and yellow fever vaccination SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Eidex, RB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E03, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM rbarwick@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 11 PY 2004 VL 364 IS 9438 BP 936 EP 936 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17017-7 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 853MF UT WOS:000223831000023 ER PT J AU Brener, N Lowry, R Barrios, L Simon, T Eaton, D AF Brener, N Lowry, R Barrios, L Simon, T Eaton, D TI Violence-related behaviors among high school students - United States, 1991-2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 651, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brener, N (reprint author), CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 8 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 10 BP 1168 EP 1169 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 851ZA UT WOS:000223723800006 ER PT J AU Roscoe, R Graydon, JR AF Roscoe, R Graydon, JR TI Adult blood lead epidemiology and surveillance - United States, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 578, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Roscoe, R (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 8 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 10 BP 1169 EP 1171 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 851ZA UT WOS:000223723800007 ER PT J AU Watson, JT Pertel, PE Jones, RC Siston, AM Paul, WS Austin, CC Gerber, SI AF Watson, JT Pertel, PE Jones, RC Siston, AM Paul, WS Austin, CC Gerber, SI TI Clinical characteristics and functional outcomes of West Nile fever SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INFECTION; NEW-YORK; OUTBREAK; ENCEPHALITIS; EPIDEMIC AB Background: West Nile fever, considered a nonsevere manifestation of West Nile virus infection, has not been clinically well described in the United States. In 2002, Illinois had 884 documented cases of West Nile virus infection with 66 associated deaths. Objective: To describe the symptoms and functional outcomes of West Nile fever. Design: Case series. Setting: Illinois. Patients: 98 community-dwelling patients with laboratory evidence of West Nile virus infection but no history of clinical evidence of meningitis, encephalitis, or acute flaccid paralysis. Intervention: Outpatient interviews. Measurements: Presence and duration of patient-reported symptoms of infection, symptom-associated absenteeism, health care use, and impact on daily activities. Results: Of 98 patients, 96% had fatigue for a median of 36 days, 81% had fever for a median of 5 days, 71% had headache for a median of 10 days, 61% had muscle weakness for a median of 28 days, and 53% had difficulty concentrating for a median of 14 days. Thirty respondents reported hospitalization, with a median stay of 5 days. At 30 days after onset, 63% of respondents continued to have symptoms. Duration did not vary significantly with increased age. Among the 72 patients who normally attended work or school, 57 (79%) could not attend because of illness (median absence, 10 days). Limitations: Recall bias could have been introduced by the delay between illness onset and interview and by self-reporting of illness information. Conclusions: West Nile fever is a more severe illness than has previously been documented. Mandatory reporting of West Nile fever cases in addition to West Nile meningoencephalitis cases could allow more accurate and timely recognition of the geographic distribution of West Nile virus infections and could inform public health interventions. C1 Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Watson, JT (reprint author), Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, 2160 W Ogden, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM watson_john@cdph.org NR 19 TC 100 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD SEP 7 PY 2004 VL 141 IS 5 BP 360 EP 365 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 852CW UT WOS:000223733800004 PM 15353427 ER PT J AU Jernigan, JA Helfand, RF Parashar, UD AF Jernigan, JA Helfand, RF Parashar, UD TI Accurate clinical prediction of severe acute respiratory syndrome: Are we there yet? SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID METHODOLOGICAL STANDARDS; AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION; SARS; CHINA; RULES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Parashar, UD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop G-04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM UAP2@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD SEP 7 PY 2004 VL 141 IS 5 BP 396 EP 398 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 852CW UT WOS:000223733800009 PM 15326021 ER PT J AU Havens, JR Strathdee, SA Fuller, CM Ikeda, R Friedman, SR Des Jarlais, DC Morse, PS Bailey, S Kerndt, P Garfein, RS AF Havens, JR Strathdee, SA Fuller, CM Ikeda, R Friedman, SR Des Jarlais, DC Morse, PS Bailey, S Kerndt, P Garfein, RS CA Collaborative Injection Drug User TI Correlates of attempted suicide among young injection drug users in a multi-site cohort SO DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE LA English DT Article DE injection drug use; suicide ideation; suicide attempt; heroin; drug treatment ID NEEDLE EXCHANGE PROGRAM; SUBSTANCE-ABUSING WOMEN; RISK-FACTORS; SEXUAL ORIENTATION; METHADONE-MAINTENANCE; UNITED-STATES; HEPATITIS-C; BEHAVIOR; PREVALENCE; ADDICTS AB The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of attempted suicide among young injection drug users (IDUs) from six study sites in five US cities. Two thousand two hundred and nineteen participants 15-30 years of age underwent interviewer-administered questionnaires relating to self-reported drug use, sociodemographics, suicidal ideation and attempts, and exposure to violence. The 6-month prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts was 35.8% (n = 795) and 7% (n = 156), respectively. Compared to those not reporting a recent (past 6 months) suicide attempt, those attempting suicide were more likely to have a lifetime history of mental health facility admission or sexual abuse. Participants receiving drug treatment at the time of the baseline interview (53.2% versus 37.1%, odds ratio [OR] = 1.93, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 1.39, 2.67) were also more likely to report a recent attempt; as were those reporting a history of experiencing violence. These associations persisted after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, study site, and other significant covariates by multiple logistic regression. These data suggest that increased access to drug treatment, community mental health, and violence prevention programs may decrease suicidal behavior among young injection drug users. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Ctr Drug Alcohol Res, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Div Int Hlth & Cross Cultural Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY 10032 USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Dev & Res Inst Inc, New York, NY 10010 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept HlthServ, Sexually Transmitted Dis Program, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Havens, JR (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Ctr Drug Alcohol Res, 915B S Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. EM jennifer.havens@uky.edu RI Strathdee, Steffanie/B-9042-2009; OI Havens, Jennifer/0000-0002-1753-7280 NR 48 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0376-8716 J9 DRUG ALCOHOL DEPEN JI Drug Alcohol Depend. PD SEP 6 PY 2004 VL 75 IS 3 BP 261 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.03.011 PG 9 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA 846JY UT WOS:000223313000005 PM 15283947 ER PT J AU Painter, TM Diaby, KL Matia, DM Lin, LS Sibailly, TS Kouassi, MK Ekpini, ER Roels, TH Wiktor, SZ AF Painter, TM Diaby, KL Matia, DM Lin, LS Sibailly, TS Kouassi, MK Ekpini, ER Roels, TH Wiktor, SZ TI Women's reasons for not participating in follow up visits before starting short course antiretroviral prophylaxis for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV: qualitative interview study SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SHORT-COURSE ZIDOVUDINE; COTE-DIVOIRE; BURKINA-FASO; PREGNANT-WOMEN; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; ORAL ZIDOVUDINE; AFRICA; ACCEPTABILITY; ABIDJAN AB Objective To find out why pregnant women who receive HIV-1 positive test results and are offered short course antiretroviral prophylaxis to prevent transmission of HIV from mother to child do not participate in necessary follow up visits before starting prophylaxis. Design Qualitative interview study. Setting A programme aiming to prevent transmission of HIV from mother to child at a public antenatal clinic in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Participants Purposive sample of 27 women who had received HIV-1 positive test results and were invited to return for monthly follow up visits before starting prophylaxis with zidovudine at 36 weeks' gestation, but who had either refused or discontinued the visits. None of the women started prophylaxis. Results Most of the women explained their non-participation in follow up visits by referring to negative experiences that they had had while interacting with programme staff or to their views about the programme. Additional reasons concerned their disbelief of HIV positive test results and personal factors. Conclusions Difficulties experienced by women during their contacts with staff working on the prevention programme and negative views that they have about the programme can contribute to their non-participation in prophylaxis. Training and supervision of programme staff may increase the likelihood of positive interactions between staff and clients, thereby facilitating women's participation in preventing transmission of HIV from mother to child. Outreach and mobilisation in communities that are served by prevention programmes may complement these measures at programme level by contributing to increased social support for women's efforts to prevent transmission of HIV from mother to child. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Embasy, CDC HIV, Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan 1712 01, Cote Ivoire. WHO, Div HIV AIDS, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. US Embassy, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Kigali, Rwanda. BOTUSA Project, Global AIDS Program, Gaborone, Botswana. RP Painter, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tcp2@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-535X J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD SEP 4 PY 2004 VL 329 IS 7465 BP 543 EP 546 DI 10.1136/bmj.329.7465.543 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 853DE UT WOS:000223805800019 PM 15345628 ER PT J AU Laney, AS Dollard, SC Jaffe, HW Offermann, MK Spira, TJ Gunthel, CJ Pellett, PE Cannon, MJ AF Laney, AS Dollard, SC Jaffe, HW Offermann, MK Spira, TJ Gunthel, CJ Pellett, PE Cannon, MJ TI Repeated measures study of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) DNA and antibodies in men seropositive for both HHV-8 and HIV SO AIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Malignancies in AIDS and Other Immunodeficiencies CY APR 28-29, 2003 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND DE Kaposi's sarcoma; herpesvirus; epidemiology; opportunistic infections; risk factors; homosexual men ID SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; SEROLOGIC ASSAYS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; INFECTION; LATENT; DONORS AB Objective: To study the natural history and pathogenesis of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection in HHV-8-seropositive, immunosuppressed men. Design: Longitudinal study of 87 HHV-8- and HIV-seropositive men [42 with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)] during four visits over a 2 month period. Methods: Patients provided oral fluid and blood. HHV-8 antibody titers were measured with peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for ORF65 and K8.1; HHV-8 DNA was detected with polymerase chain reaction ELISA. Results: HHV-8 DNA was present in oral fluid or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at one or more of the four visits in 71% of men with KS and 56% of men without KS. The strongest correlate of HHV-8 DNA in PBMC was the presence of KS [odds ratio (OR), 8.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.4-22]. Detection of HHV-8 DNA in oral fluid or PBMC was often intermittent, but individuals who shed virus at one time point were more likely to shed at other times. Some men had incomplete epitope recognition in their anti-HHV-8 antibody response. High antibody titers were associated with the absence of circulating HHV-8, particularly for the ORF65 seroassay (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.05-0.51). Conclusions: Among HHV-8 seropositive men, circulating virus is common even in the absence of disease. The link between KS and HHV-8 DNA in PBMC suggests that anti-herpes drugs may impede KS development or progression. Seroassays should target multiple epitopes to achieve maximal sensitivity. HHV-8 replication may be limited by high antibody titers or other immune function for which antibodies are a marker. (C) 2004 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Winship Canc Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Lerner Res Inst, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. RP Cannon, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mcannon@cdc.gov RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 NR 29 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP 3 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 13 BP 1819 EP 1826 DI 10.1097/00002030-200409030-00011 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 851EI UT WOS:000223667900011 PM 15316343 ER PT J AU Jumaan, A Schmid, DS Gargiullo, P Seward, J AF Jumaan, A Schmid, DS Gargiullo, P Seward, J TI Scientific commentary SO VACCINE LA English DT Letter ID VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS; HERPES-ZOSTER; ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE; VACCINE; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; COMMUNITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jumaan, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 3 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 25-26 BP 3228 EP 3231 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.03.064 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 853GJ UT WOS:000223814900003 PM 15308342 ER PT J AU Chippaux, JP Garba, A Ethevenaux, C Campagne, G de Chabalier, F Djibo, S Nicolas, P Ali, H Charrondiere, M Ryall, R Bybel, M Schuchat, A AF Chippaux, JP Garba, A Ethevenaux, C Campagne, G de Chabalier, F Djibo, S Nicolas, P Ali, H Charrondiere, M Ryall, R Bybel, M Schuchat, A TI Immunogenicity, safety, and memory of different schedules of Neisseria meningitidis A/C-diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine in infants in Niger SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Neisseria meningitidis conjugate vaccine; immunogenicity; safety ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SEROGROUP-A; IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY; ANTIBODY; CHILDREN; IMMUNIZATION; PERSISTENCE; EPIDEMICS; EFFICACY; AFRICA AB We studied one to four doses of meningococcal polysaccharides A and C conjugated to diphtheria toxoid (Men D) versus A/C polysaccharide (Men PS) vaccine in 618 infants in Niger. Men PS at 24 months permitted evaluating memory. Two Men D doses (at 3 and 9 months) induced higher serum bactericidal activity (SBA) than other regimens. SBA titers after Men PS at 24 months were higher in those given Men D in infancy versus Men PS. While responses were lower for serogroup C, hyporesponsiveness was not evident. MenD was well-tolerated. A single Men D dose in infancy appeared to induce memory. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CERMES, Niamey, Niger. Aventis Pasteur, F-69367 Lyon 07, France. IMTSSA, F-13998 Marseille, France. Aventis Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chippaux, JP (reprint author), IRD, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal. EM chippaux@ird.sn NR 21 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 3 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 25-26 BP 3303 EP 3311 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.02.028 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 853GJ UT WOS:000223814900014 PM 15308353 ER PT J AU Lodmell, DL Esposito, JJ Ewalt, LC AF Lodmell, DL Esposito, JJ Ewalt, LC TI Live vaccinia-rabies virus recombinants, but not an inactivated rabies virus cell culture vaccine, protect B-lymphocyte-deficient A/WySnJ mice against rabies: considerations of recombinant defective poxviruses for rabies immunization of immunocompromised individuals SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE rabies virus; A/WySnJ mice; vaccinia virus recombinant; cell culture vaccine; immunosuppression ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; T-CELLS; GLYCOPROTEIN; IMMUNOGENICITY; NUCLEOPROTEIN; PREEXPOSURE; SUPERANTIGEN; PROPHYLAXIS; CHLOROQUINE AB Presently, commercially available cell culture rabies vaccines for humans and animals consist of the five inactivated rabies virus proteins. The vaccines elicit a CD4(+) helperT-cell response and a humoral B-cell response against the viral glycoprotein (G) resulting in the production of virus neutralizing antibody. Antibody against the viral nucleoprotein (N) is also present, but the mechanism(s) of its protection is unclear. HIV-infected individuals with low CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts and individuals undergoing treatment with immunosuppressive drugs have an impaired neutralizing antibody response after pre- and post-exposure immunization with rabies cell culture vaccines. Here we show the efficacy of live vaccinia-rabies virus recombinants, but not a cell culture vaccine consisting of inactivated rabies virus, to elicit elevated levels of neutralizing antibody in B-lymphocyte deficient A/WySnJ mice. The cell culture vaccine also failed to protect the mice, whereas a single immunization of a vaccinia recombinant expressing the rabies virus G or co-expressing G and N equally protected the mice up to 18 months after vaccination. The data suggest that recombinant poxviruses expressing the rabies virus G, in particular replication defective poxviruses such as canarypox or MVA vaccinia virus that undergo abortive replication in non-avian cells, or the attenuated vaccinia virus NYVAC, should be evaluated as rabies vaccines in immunocompromised individuals. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIAID, Rocky Mt Labs, Persistent Viral Dis Lab, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Sci Resources Program, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Lodmell, DL (reprint author), NIAID, Rocky Mt Labs, Persistent Viral Dis Lab, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. EM dlodmell@nih.gov NR 43 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 3 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 25-26 BP 3329 EP 3333 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.02.039 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 853GJ UT WOS:000223814900017 PM 15308356 ER PT J AU Uzicanin, A Zhou, FJ Eggers, R Webb, E Strebel, P AF Uzicanin, A Zhou, FJ Eggers, R Webb, E Strebel, P TI Economic analysis of the 1996-1997 mass measles immunization campaigns in South Africa SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE measles; immunization; economic analysis ID VACCINATION PROGRAM; INDIGENOUS MEASLES; ELIMINATION; BENEFITS; DISEASE; COSTS AB To evaluate economic implications of conducting a "catch-up" measles vaccination campaign, we conducted an economic analysis of the 1996-1997 measles immunization campaign in two provinces of South Africa comparing the baseline two-dose routine immunization program to the combined vaccination strategy (routine two-dose immunization program, plus the 1996-1997 campaign). The study findings indicate that the 1996-1997 mass measles immunization campaign was cost-effective in both study provinces, and cost-saving in the province with higher pre-campaign disease incidence and lower routine vaccination coverage. An early investment in effective vaccination strategies that rapidly reduce disease burden apparently results in better returns, both epidemiologically and economically. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dept Hlth & Social Welf, Expanded Programme Immunizat, Pretoria, South Africa. RP Uzicanin, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM auzicanin@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 3 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 25-26 BP 3419 EP 3426 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.02.042 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 853GJ UT WOS:000223814900028 PM 15308367 ER PT J AU Ashford, DA di Pietra, J Lingappa, J Woods, C Noll, H Neville, B Weyant, R Bragg, SL Spiegel, RA Tappero, J Perkins, BA AF Ashford, DA di Pietra, J Lingappa, J Woods, C Noll, H Neville, B Weyant, R Bragg, SL Spiegel, RA Tappero, J Perkins, BA TI Adverse events in humans associated with accidental exposure to the livestock brucellosis vaccine RB51 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE accidental exposure; Brucella abortus strain RB51; brucellosis ID ABORTUS STRAIN-19; TRANSMISSION; CATTLE; RISK AB Brucella abortits strain RB51 vaccine, is an attenuated live bacteria] vaccine that was licensed conditionally by the Center for Veterinary Biologics, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, on 23 February 1996, for vaccination of cattle in the United States. Accidental human inoculations can occur during vaccination of cattle, and previous live Brucella vaccines designed for cattle have been known to cause brucellosis in humans. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) established passive surveillance for accidental inoculation with the RB51 vaccine in the United States to determine if this veterinary vaccine is associated with human disease, to describe the circumstances of accidental inoculation, to evaluate the potential efficacy of post-exposure chemoprophylaxis, and to develop recommendations for post-exposure management following exposure to RB51. Reports were received from 26 individuals. Accidental exposure to RB51 occurred by needle stick injury in 21 people (81%), conjunctival spray exposure in four (15%), and spray exposure of an open wound in one (4%) individual. At least one systemic symptom was reported in 19 (73 %) people, including three (12%) who reported persistent local reactions with systemic involvement. One case required surgery, and B. abortus strain RB51 was isolated from the wound of that individual. Seven cases reported no adverse event associated with accidental exposure. Nine cases reported previous exposure to Brucella vaccines, including one case who also reported a previous diagnosis of brucellosis following exposure to S 19 vaccine. Accidental needle stick injuries and conjunctival or open wound exposures of humans with the RB51 vaccine are associated with both local and systemic adverse events in the United States that are consistent with brucellosis; however, it remains undetermined if strain RB51 vaccine can cause systemic brucellosis in humans. Early culture attempts on those exposed and developing disease in the future and serologic diagnostic assays for anti-RB-51 antibodies are needed to define if these adverse events are due to RB51 and to define appropriate prophylaxis regimens. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ashford, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, MS-F38,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dba4@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 3 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 25-26 BP 3435 EP 3439 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.02.041 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 853GJ UT WOS:000223814900030 PM 15308369 ER PT J AU Hamburger, ME Moore, J Koenig, LJ Vlahov, D Schoenbaum, EE Schuman, P Mayer, K AF Hamburger, ME Moore, J Koenig, LJ Vlahov, D Schoenbaum, EE Schuman, P Mayer, K CA HERS Grp TI Persistence of inconsistent condom use: Relation to abuse history and HIV serostatus SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE human immunodeficiency virus; women; condoms; physical abuse ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE; RISK BEHAVIORS; INFECTION; VIOLENCE; INTERVENTIONS; ASSOCIATION; ADOLESCENTS AB This study longitudinally examines the relation between a history of experiencing childhood and adult physical or sexual abuse, and male condom use by women with or at risk for HIV. Abuse history and prospective condom use data were collected from 214 HIV infected and 189 uninfected women participating in the HIV Epidemiology Research Study ( HERS) who were inconsistent condom users at baseline and received two safer sex counseling sessions. Analyses were conducted to assess the association between abuse history and condom use while controlling for sociodemographic variables and other risk factors. HIV-uninfected women with a history of adult physical abuse were five times less likely to report consistent condom use at 1-year follow-up than uninfected women without a history of abuse while holding control variables constant. Expectations of a negative reaction by the partner to suggested condom use did not explain this association. Though in the same direction as in uninfected women, abuse history was not significantly related to consistent condom use among HIV-infected women. These data indicate the need to develop risk prevention strategies tailored to uninfected women with a history of adult abuse. In lieu of specialized interventions, health care providers should assess women's abuse history and supplement HIV prevention counseling with mental health counseling when indicated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevnet Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York Acad Sci, New York, NY USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Hamburger, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevnet Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-59, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mhamburger@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [U64 CCU506831, U64 CCU306802, U64 CCU106795, U64 CCU206798] NR 41 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 8 IS 3 BP 333 EP 344 DI 10.1023/B:AIBE.0000044080.04397.97 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 860UA UT WOS:000224367600010 PM 15475680 ER PT J AU Ebrahim, SH Abdullah, ASM McKenna, M Hamers, FF AF Ebrahim, SH Abdullah, ASM McKenna, M Hamers, FF TI AIDS-defining cancers in western Europe, 1994-2001 SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CERVICAL-CANCER; HIV-INFECTION; WOMEN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; REGRESSION; TRENDS; RISK; ERA AB To determine the recent trends in AIDS-defining cancers in Western Europe, we analyzed the June 2002 European Non-Aggregate AIDS Data Set. We obtained the percentage of people with AIDS aged 15 years or older (n=125,691; males, 99,560, females, 26,131) who had cancers as the initial AIDS-defining illness in 17 European countries. Overall, from 1994 through 2001, declines were noted in the number of people with AIDS (25,324 to 8929), the proportion of people with AIDS who were homosexual/bisexuals (38.8% to 26.6%) or intravenous drug users (male, 41.7% to 34.8%; female, 50.2% to 26.4%). Among males, between 1994 and 2001, the percentage with any AIDS-defining, cancers declined (14.4% to 13.1%, p for trend=0.091) because of a decline in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS; 10.7% to 7.9%) mostly among homosexual/bisexual men (22.7% to 18.8%) (p for trends<0.05). Between 1994 and 2001, the percentage of males with all types of lymphomas increased (3.8% to 5.2%, p for trend=0.012). Among females, AIDS-defining cancers increased (7.3% to 8.5%) due to increase in lymphomas (all types, 2.6% to 4.0%) (P for trend=0.05). Cervical cancer remained the most common cancer among females, the percentage of which declined between 1994 and 2001 (2.8% to 2.0%, p for trend=0.37) mostly among women who were 15 to 29 years old, most of whom acquired HIV heterosexually. In summary, declines were noted for the two leading AIDS-defining cancers at initial AIDS diagnosis among certain population groups. KS declined among men who had sexually transmitted HIV infection. Cervical cancer declined among young females and heterosexuals. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Hong Kong, Dept Community Med, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Inst Veille Sanitaire, EuroHIV, Dept Infect Dis, St Maurice, France. RP Ebrahim, SH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STD TB Prevent, Mailstop 37,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Sbe2@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD SEP PY 2004 VL 18 IS 9 BP 501 EP 508 DI 10.1089/apc.2004.18.501 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 860ZQ UT WOS:000224386300002 PM 15630770 ER PT J AU Pan, WH Flegal, KM AF Pan, WH Flegal, KM TI Lower body mass index cutoff is required for Chinese as a risk factor for coronary artery disease and other obesity-related metabolic disorders - Reply to to Cheng SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter ID ASIANS; WHITES C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Biomed Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Pan, WH (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Biomed Sci, 128,Sect 2,Acad Sinica Rd, Taipei, Taiwan. EM pan@ibms.sinica.edu.tw RI Pan, Wen-Harn /F-9972-2010; Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 80 IS 3 BP 782 EP 783 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 849SR UT WOS:000223561500035 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Beckles, GLA Okoro, CA Balluz, L Mokdad, A AF Strine, TW Beckles, GLA Okoro, CA Balluz, L Mokdad, A TI Prevalence of CVD risk factors among adults with diabetes by mental distress status SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE diabetes; cardiovascular disease; mental health ID FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; COMORBID DEPRESSION; TYPE-2; MORTALITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; METAANALYSIS AB Objective: To determine whether mental distress among diabetic persons is associated with various CVD risk factors. Methods: Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System, an ongoing, statebased, random-digit-dialed telephone survey of the noninstitutionalized US adult population. Results: Diabetic persons with mental distress were more likely than those without mental distress to smoke to have hypercholesterolemia and hyper-tension and not to engage in leisure-time physical activity. Conclusions: Mental health professionals need to be involved in the care of diabetic persons so they can recognize and treat symptoms of mental distress and participate in research to identify interventions that can reduce mental distress and reinforce healthy behaviors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tws2@cdc.gou NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU PNG PUBLICATIONS PI STAR CITY PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA SN 1087-3244 J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV JI Am. J. Health Behav. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 28 IS 5 BP 464 EP 470 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 891AX UT WOS:000226554800009 PM 15482976 ER PT J AU Wang, ML Petsonk, EL AF Wang, ML Petsonk, EL TI Symptom onset in the first 2 years of employment at a wood products plant using diisocyanates: Some observations relevant to occupational medical screening SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE occupational asthma; asthma; diisocyanate; signs and symptoms, respiratory; symptom onset; medical screening; questionnaires; occupational health services ID METHYLENE DIPHENYL DIISOCYANATE; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; LUNG-FUNCTION; FOLLOW-UP; ASTHMA; SURVEILLANCE; QUESTIONNAIRE; WORKERS; IDENTIFICATION; DETERMINANTS AB Background Questionnaires are essential tools for medical screening, but their role in monitoring workers at increased risk of occupational asthma (OA) remains indeterminate. Methods Employees who were at a newly established wood products plant without previous exposure to methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) completed an initial questionnaire and from one to four follow-up questionnaires during a 2-year period. Onset of symptoms in 132 workers was assessed by exposure groups and modeled using generalized estimating equations. Results Onset of attacks of dyspnea with wheeze, attacks of dyspnea or cough at rest, and chest tightness were significantly associated with MDI exposure after controlling for age, smoking, and wood dust exposure. Onset of cough on most days was significantly related to smoking and dust. Onset of phlegm production was significantly related to both MDI and dust exposure. Conclusions Onset of certain symptoms is significantly associated with MDI exposure. Early detection of MDI-associated health effects using a short screening questionnaire appears feasible. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc(dagger). C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Wang, ML (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop H-G900-2,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM mlw4@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 46 IS 3 BP 226 EP 233 DI 10.1002/aijm.20050 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 851NW UT WOS:000223692800003 PM 15307121 ER PT J AU Juarez-Perez, CA Aguilar-Madrid, G Smith, DR Lacasana-Navarro, M Tellez-Rojo, MM Piacitteli, G Hu, H Hernandez-Avila, M AF Juarez-Perez, CA Aguilar-Madrid, G Smith, DR Lacasana-Navarro, M Tellez-Rojo, MM Piacitteli, G Hu, H Hernandez-Avila, M TI Predictors of plasma llead among lithographic print shop workers in Mexico City SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE plasma lead; bone lead; air lead; occupational exposure; Mexico ID ACID-BATTERY WORKERS; LEAD BLOOD RELATION; X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; BONE-LEAD; WHOLE-BLOOD; IN-VIVO; HYPERTENSION; PRESSURE; EXPOSURE; SERUM AB Background Plasma lead is considered a biological marker that reflects the fraction of lead in blood that is toxicologically available. We examined the relationship between plasma lead and other biomarkers of lead exposure in 69 lithographic print shop workers. Methods Lead was measured in plasma and whole blood (by inductively coupled plasma-magnetic sector mass spectrometry), in bone (by Cd-109 X-ray fluorescence), and in hand wipes and occupational air samples. Personal hygiene habits at work were surveyed. Results Mean age was 47 years and 86% (n=59) were men. Mean lead levels were 0.3 mug/L in plasma, 11.9 mug/dL in blood, 46.7 mug/g in patella, and 27.6 mug/g in tibia. Taken together, two multivariate linear models explained 57% of variability in plasma lead levels. Predictors for the first model were lead in patella (beta = 0.006), blood (beta = 0.008), and hygiene index (beta = -0.11). Predictors for the second model were lead in tibia (beta = 0.008), blood (beta = 0.008), and hygiene index (beta = -0.13). Conclusions This study demonstrates that accumulated bone stores and hygiene habits are both significant independent predictors of plasma lead levels in active workers at this print shop. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Ctr Invest Salud Pobl, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. Inst Mexicano Seguro, Coodinac Salud & Trabajo, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Toxicol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Hernandez-Avila, M (reprint author), Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Ctr Invest Salud Pobl, Av Univ 655,Col Sta Ma Ahuacatitlan, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. EM mhernan@correo.insp.mx RI Lacasana, Marina/N-2614-2015 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [2 P30 ES00002, P42-ES-05947, R01ES07821] NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 46 IS 3 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.1002/ajim.20035 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 851NW UT WOS:000223692800005 PM 15307123 ER PT J AU Richardson, D Loomis, D Bailer, AJ Bena, J AF Richardson, D Loomis, D Bailer, AJ Bena, J TI The effect of rate denominator source on US fatal occupational injury rate estimates SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE occupational injury; statistics; epidemiological methods ID UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY AB Background The Current Population Survey (CPS) is often used as a source of denominator information for analyses of US fatal occupational injury rates. However, given the relatively small sample size of the CPS, analyses that examine the cross-classification of occupation or industry with demographic or geographic characteristics will often produce highly imprecise rate estimates. The Decennial Census of Population provides an alternative source for rate denominator information. We investigate the comparability of fatal injury rates derived using these two sources of rate denominator information. Methods Information on fatal occupational injuries that occurred between January 1, 1983 and December 31, 1994 was obtained from the National Traumatic Occupational Fatality surveillance system. Annual estimates of employment by occupation, industry, age, and sex were derived from the CPS, and by linear interpolation and extrapolation from the 1980 and 1990 Census of Population. Fatal injury rates derived using these denominator data were compared. Results Fatal injury rates calculated using Census-based denominator data were within 10% of rates calculated using CPS data for all major occupation groups except farming/forestry/fishing, for which the fatal injury rate calculated using Census-based denominator data was 24.69/100,000 worker-years and the rate calculated using CPS data was 19.97/100,000 worker-years. The choice of denominator data source had minimal influence on estimates of trends over calendar time in the fatal injury rates for most major occupation and industry groups. Conclusions The Census offers a reasonable source for deriving fatal injury rate denominator data in situations where the CPS does not provide sufficiently precise data, although the Census may underestimate the population-at-risk in some industries as a consequence of seasonal variation in employment. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc(dagger). C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NIOSH, Risk Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Richardson, D (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, CB 8050, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM david.richardson@unc.edu FU NIOSH CDC HHS [R01-OH03910] NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 46 IS 3 BP 261 EP 270 DI 10.1002/aijm.20057 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 851NW UT WOS:000223692800007 PM 15307125 ER PT J AU Bena, JF Bailer, AJ Loomis, D Richardson, D Marshall, S AF Bena, JF Bailer, AJ Loomis, D Richardson, D Marshall, S TI Effects of data limitations when modeling fatal occupational injury rates SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE fatality undercount; uncertainty; variability; Poisson regression; computer simulation ID UNITED-STATES; DEATH CERTIFICATE; SURVEILLANCE; TRENDS; WORK AB Background Occupational fatal injury rate studies are often based upon uncertain and variable data. The numerator in rate calculations is often obtained from surveillance systems that can understate the true number of deaths. Worker-years, the denominator in many occupational rate calculations, are frequently estimated from sources that exhibit different amounts of variability. Methods Effects of these data limitations on analyses of trends in occupational fatal injuries were studied using computer simulation. Fatality counts were generated assuming an undercount. Employment estimates were produced using two different strategies, reflecting either frequent but variable measurements or infrequent, precise estimates with interpolated estimates for intervening years. Poisson regression models were fit to the generated data. A range of empirically motivated fatality rate and employment parameters were studied. Results Undercounting fatalities resulted in biased estimation of the intercept in the Poisson regression model. Relative bias in the trend estimate was near zero for most situations, but increased when a change in fatality undercounting over time was present. Biases for both the intercept and trend were larger when small employment populations were present. Denominator options resulted in similar rate and trend estimates, except where the interpolated method did not capture true trends in employment. Conclusions Data quality issues such as consistency of conditions throughout the study period and the size of population being studied affect the size of the bias in parameter estimation. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc(dagger). C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Bena, JF (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. EM jbena@bio.ri.ccf.org OI Marshall, Stephen/0000-0002-2664-9233 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 46 IS 3 BP 271 EP 283 DI 10.1002/aijm.20070 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 851NW UT WOS:000223692800008 PM 15307126 ER PT J AU Armour, BS Friedman, C Pitts, MM Wike, J Alley, L Etchason, J AF Armour, BS Friedman, C Pitts, MM Wike, J Alley, L Etchason, J TI The influence of year-end bonuses on colorectal cancer screening SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICIAN FINANCIAL INCENTIVES; PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; FECAL OCCULT BLOOD; LOW-INCOME WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; MANAGED-CARE; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; SOCIETY GUIDELINES; HEALTH-INSURANCE; CERVICAL-CANCER AB Objective: To estimate the effect of physician bonus eligibility on colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, controlling for patient and primary care physician characteristics. Study Design: Retrospective study using managed care plan claims data from 2000 and 2001. Methods: Data on 50-year-old commercially insured patients in a managed care health plan were linked to enrollment and provider files. The data included information, on 6749 patients (3058 in 2000 and 3691 in 2001). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between CRC screening receipt and physician bonus eligibility. Results: From 2000 to 2001, CRC screening use increased from 23.4% to 26.4% (P < .01). Results from the multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the probability that a patient received a CRC screening was approximately 3 percentage points higher in the bonus year, 2001 (P < .01). Conclusions: Bonuses targeted at individual physicians were associated with increased use of CRC screening tests. However, more research is needed to examine the effect of performance-based incentives on resource use and the quality of medical care. Specifically, there is a need to determine whether explicit financial incentives are effective in reducing racial disparities in the quality of patient care. This has particular relevance, for CRC screening given that black patients are less likely to be screened, they have higher CRC incidence and mortality rates compared with other racial groups, and screening has been shown to be more cost effective in this population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30041 USA. Fed Reserve Bank Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. White Inst Hlth Serv Res, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Armour, BS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K50, Atlanta, GA 30041 USA. EM barmour@cdc.gov NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MED PUBLISHING, M W C COMPANY PI JAMESBURG PA 241 FORSGATE DR, STE 102, JAMESBURG, NJ 08831 USA SN 1088-0224 J9 AM J MANAG CARE JI Am. J. Manag. Care PD SEP PY 2004 VL 10 IS 9 BP 617 EP 624 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 853NZ UT WOS:000223835600006 PM 15515994 ER PT J AU Watts, DH Covington, DL Beckerman, K Garcia, P Scheuerle, A Dominguez, K Ross, B Sacks, S Chavers, S Tilson, H AF Watts, DH Covington, DL Beckerman, K Garcia, P Scheuerle, A Dominguez, K Ross, B Sacks, S Chavers, S Tilson, H TI Assessing the risk of birth defects associated with antiretroviral exposure during pregnancy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Maternal-Fetal-Medicine CY FEB 02-07, 2004 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Soc Maternal Fetal Med DE anti-retroviral therapy; preartancy; birth defects; HIV ID THERAPY; TRANSMISSION; COMBINATION; PREVENTION; WOMEN AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine teratogenic risk of anti retroviral (A RV) drugs. Study design: The Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry (APR) monitors prenatal exposures to ARV drugs and pregnancy Outcome through a prospective exposure-registration cohort. Statistical inference uses exact methods for binomial proportions. Results: Through July 2003, APR has monitored 3583 live births exposed to ARK Among 1391 first trimester exposures, there were 38 birth defects, prevalence of 2.7% (95% CI 1.9-3.7), not significantly higher than the CDC's population surveillance rate, 3.1 per 100 live births (95% CI 3.1-3.2). For lamivudine, nelfinavir, nevirapine, stavudinc, and zidovudine, sufficient numbers of live births (>200) following first-trimester exposures have been monitored to allow detection of a 2-fold increase in risk of birth defects overall; no increases have been detected. Conclusion: APR data demonstrate no increase in prevalence of birth defects overall or among women exposed to lamivudine, nelfinavir, nevirapine, stavudine, and zidovudine. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NICHHD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Inveresk, Wilmington, NC USA. Newark Beth Israel Med Ctr, Newark, NJ 07112 USA. Northwestern Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Genet Teratol Eth Consulting, Dallas, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. F Hoffmann La Roche Ltd, Nutley, NJ USA. GlaxoSmithKline, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Watts, DH (reprint author), NICHD, Pediat Adolescent & Maternal AIDS Branch, CRMC, NIH,DHHS, 6100 Execut Blvd,Room 4B11,MSC 7510, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM hw59i@nih.gov NR 16 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 191 IS 3 BP 985 EP 992 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.05.06 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 860EZ UT WOS:000224326600053 PM 15467577 ER PT J AU Des Jarlais, DC Lyles, CW Crepaz, NE AF Des Jarlais, DC Lyles, CW Crepaz, NE TI Trend: An important step, but not enough - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 Beth Israel Med Ctr, Chem Dependency Inst, New York, NY 10003 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Des Jarlais, DC (reprint author), Beth Israel Med Ctr, Chem Dependency Inst, 1st Ave 16th St, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM dcdesjarla@aol.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2004 VL 94 IS 9 BP 1474 EP 1475 DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.9.1474-a PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 850QE UT WOS:000223626700002 ER PT J AU Gerberding, JL Marks, JS AF Gerberding, JL Marks, JS TI Making America fit and trim - Steps big and small SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID OVERWEIGHT; OBESITY C1 Ctr Hlth Informat & Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Marks, JS (reprint author), Ctr Hlth Informat & Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mail Stop K-40, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jmarks@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2004 VL 94 IS 9 BP 1478 EP 1479 DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.9.1478 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 850QE UT WOS:000223626700007 PM 15333297 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM Williamson, DF Pamuk, ER Rosenberg, HM AF Flegal, KM Williamson, DF Pamuk, ER Rosenberg, HM TI Estimating deaths attributable to obesity in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS; MORTALITY; WEIGHT; SURVIVAL; ADULTS; MEN; POPULATION; OVERWEIGHT; PROGRAM AB Estimates of deaths attributable to obesity in the United States rely on estimates from epidemiological cohorts of the relative risk of mortality associated with obesity. However, these relative risk estimates are not necessarily appropriate for the total US population, in part because of exclusions to control for baseline health status and exclusion or underrepresentation of older adults. Most deaths occur among older adults; estimates of deaths attributable to obesity can vary widely depending on the assumptions about the relative risks of mortality associated with obesity among the elderly. Thus, it may be difficult to estimate deaths attributable to obesity with adequate accuracy and precision. We urge efforts to improve the data and methods for estimating this statistic. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 1311, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM kflegal@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 34 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2004 VL 94 IS 9 BP 1486 EP 1489 DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.9.1486 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 850QE UT WOS:000223626700009 PM 15333299 ER PT J AU Bernard, SM McGeehin, MA AF Bernard, SM McGeehin, MA TI Municipal heat wave response plans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; UNITED-STATES; ST-LOUIS; CLIMATE EXTREMES; HUMAN MORTALITY; HOT WEATHER; IMPACTS; DEATHS; TEMPERATURE; CHICAGO AB Approximately 400 people die from extreme heat each year in the United States, and the risk of heat waves may increase as a result of global climate change. Despite the risk of heat-related morbidity and mortality, many cities lack written heat response plans. In a review of plans from 18 cities at risk for heat-related mortality, we found that many cities had inadequate or no heat response plans. This is an important area for further investigation and government attention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP McGeehin, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mam7@cdc.gov NR 65 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2004 VL 94 IS 9 BP 1520 EP 1522 DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.9.1520 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 850QE UT WOS:000223626700017 PM 15333307 ER PT J AU Winthrop, KL Kubak, BM Pegues, DA Hufana, C Costamagna, P Desmond, E Sanders, C Shen, P Flores-Ibarra, L Osborne, E Bruckner, D Flood, J AF Winthrop, KL Kubak, BM Pegues, DA Hufana, C Costamagna, P Desmond, E Sanders, C Shen, P Flores-Ibarra, L Osborne, E Bruckner, D Flood, J TI Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis via lung transplantation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE allograft; mycobacteria; organ transplantation; tuberculosis ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; RECIPIENTS; COMPLEX AB Organ donors are not routinely screened for tuberculosis (TB) in the United States. We investigated a case of pulmonary TB in a double-lung transplant recipient. We reviewed the donor's and recipient's records, and used molecular methods to compare the lung recipient's isolate with others from three sources: her hospital, the California state health department's genotyping database, and the donor's resident-nation of Guatemala. A respiratory specimen obtained from the lung recipient 1 day after transplantation grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Donor chest radiograph had a previously unnoticed pulmonary opacity that was present on post-transplant recipient chest radiographs and computed tomographs. The recipient's isolate was molecularly distinct from others at her hospital and in the state database, but was identical to two isolates from Guatemala. Tuberculosis was transmitted from lung donor to recipient. As organ transplantation becomes more common worldwide, similar cases could occur. Screening for TB in potential organ donors should be considered. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Commun Dis Control, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. San Jaoquin Cty Publ Hlth Serv TB Control Program, Stockton, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Calif Donor Transplant Network, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Winthrop, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kwinthro@dhs.ca.gov NR 18 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 4 IS 9 BP 1529 EP 1533 DI 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2004.00536.x PG 5 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 845ZJ UT WOS:000223283900018 PM 15307842 ER PT J AU Stienstra, Y Van der Werf, TS Van der Graaf, WTA Secor, WE Kihlstrom, SL Dobos, KM Asamoa, K Quarshi, E Etuaful, SN Klutse, EY King, CH AF Stienstra, Y Van der Werf, TS Van der Graaf, WTA Secor, WE Kihlstrom, SL Dobos, KM Asamoa, K Quarshi, E Etuaful, SN Klutse, EY King, CH TI Buruli ulcer and schistosomiasis: No association found SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ANTIGEN; GHANA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INDIVIDUALS; INFECTIONS; RESPONSES; PATHOGENS; CYTOKINE; MANSONI; DISEASE AB Helminth infections elicit an immune response potentially enhancing susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases. Schistosomiasis and infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans show a remarkable similarity in epidemiologic characteristics in Ghana. In 2000, a case-control study was conducted in three districts in Ghana endemic for M. ulcerans. One hundred six patients with confirmed M. ulcerans disease and 106 matched community controls were included. Schistosome infection of these patients and controls was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that detected circulating anodic antigen in serum. Fifty percent of the participants tested positive for schistosomiasis. There was no difference in detection rates among patients and matched controls. Similarly, there were no differences in worm burden between patients and controls. These results do not support the hypothesis that susceptibility to M. ulcerans disease is driven by a co-infection with schistosomes. C1 Univ Groningen Hosp, Dept Internal Med, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Natl Buruli Ulcer Control Programme, Minist Hlth, Korle Bu Accra, Ghana. Agogo Presbyterian Hosp, Agogo, Ghana. St Martins Catholic Hosp, Agroyesum, Ghana. Dunkwa Govt Hosp, Dunkwa, Ghana. RP Stienstra, Y (reprint author), Univ Groningen Hosp, Dept Internal Med, POB 30-001, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands. EM y.stienstra@int.azg.nl; t.s.van.der.werf@int.azg.nl RI Stienstra, Ymkje/F-2222-2010; van der Graaf, Winette/A-5006-2014; Dobos, Karen/D-1170-2017 OI Stienstra, Ymkje/0000-0002-8844-8859; Dobos, Karen/0000-0001-7115-8524 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU416560] NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 71 IS 3 BP 318 EP 321 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 854KM UT WOS:000223901600012 PM 15381813 ER PT J AU Handali, S Gonzalez, AE Hancock, K Garcia, HH Roberts, JM Gilman, RH Tsang, VCW AF Handali, S Gonzalez, AE Hancock, K Garcia, HH Roberts, JM Gilman, RH Tsang, VCW TI Porcine antibody responses to Taenia solium antigens RGP50 and STS18VAR1 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID FAST-ELISA; CYSTICERCOSIS; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; MANSONI; CLONING; ASSAY; PIGS; BLOT AB Cysticercosis, a disease caused by the larval form of Taenia solium, is diagnosed by detection of specific antibodies or by imaging techniques. Our preferred immunologic assay for cysticercosis is the enzyme-linked immuno-electrodifusion transfer blot, or immunoblot, using the lentil lectin bound antigens from larval cysts. Antibody reactivity with any one of seven glycoproteins is diagnostic for cysticercosis. To develop a simple antibody detection assay for field use, we have synthesized an 8-kD diagnostic antigen, sTs18var1. (a secreted protein with a mature size of 67 amino acids), and expressed a 50-kD membrane protein antigen, rGp50. We used these two diagnostic proteins in a quantitative Falcon assay screening test-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FAST-ELISA) to measure the antibody responses in Peruvian pigs with cysticercosis. Three study designs were used. First, we followed the kinetics of antibody responses against these two diagnostic proteins in pigs with cysticercosis that were treated with oxfendazole. Second, we measured antibody response in naive experimentally infected pigs. Third, we followed the maternal antibodies against rGp50 and sTs18var1 in piglets born from sows with cysticercosis. These studies showed that antibody responses against the two diagnostic proteins in the FAST-ELISA are quantitatively correlated with infection by viable cysts, with anti-sTs18var1 activity being most responsive to the status of infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Immunol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. Inst Ciencias Neurol, Cysticercosis Unit, Lima, Peru. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Handali, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Immunol Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-13, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ahi0@cdc.gov; kyh7@cdc.gov; vct1@cdc.gov; hgarcia@terra.com.pe; jmr1@cdc.gov; gilmanbob@yahoo.com FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI-51976-01, U01 AI-35894] NR 18 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 71 IS 3 BP 322 EP 326 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 854KM UT WOS:000223901600013 PM 15381814 ER PT J AU Cardoso, RF Cooksey, RC Morlock, GP Barco, P Cecon, L Forestiero, F Leite, CQF Sato, DN Shikama, MD Mamizuka, EM Hirata, RDC Hirata, MH AF Cardoso, RF Cooksey, RC Morlock, GP Barco, P Cecon, L Forestiero, F Leite, CQF Sato, DN Shikama, MD Mamizuka, EM Hirata, RDC Hirata, MH TI Screening and characterization of mutations in isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates obtained in Brazil SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID CATALASE-PEROXIDASE GENE; ALAMAR-BLUE ASSAY; KATG GENE; ENZYMATIC CHARACTERIZATION; POINT MUTATION; TARGET; COMPLEX; AHPC; INHA; IDENTIFICATION AB We investigated mutations in the genes katG, inhA (regulatory and structural regions), and kasA and the oxyR-ahpC intergenic region of 97 isoniazid (INH)-resistant and 60 INH-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates obtained in two states in Brazil: Sao Paulo and Parana. PCR-single-strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) was evaluated for screening mutations in regions of prevalence, including codons 315 and 463 of katG, the regulatory region and codons 16 and 94 of inhA, kasA, and the oxyR-ahpC intergenic region. DNA sequencing of PCR amplicons was performed for all isolates with altered PCR-SSCP profiles. Mutations in katG were found in 83 (85.6%) of the 97 INH-resistant isolates, including mutations in codon 315 that occurred in 60 (61.9%) of the INH-resistant isolates and 23 previously unreported katG mutations. Mutations in the inhA promoter region occurred in 25 (25.8%) of the INH-resistant isolates; 6.2% of the isolates had inhA structural gene mutations, and 10.3% had mutations in the oxyR-ahpC intergenic region (one, nucleotide -48, previously unreported). Polymorphisms in the kasA gene occurred in both INH-resistant and INH-susceptible isolates. The most frequent polymorphism encoded a G(269)A substitution. Although KatG(315) substitutions are predominant, novel mutations also appear to be responsible for INH resistance in the two states in Brazil. Since ca. 90.7% of the INH-resistant isolates had mutations identified by SSCP electrophoresis, this method may be a useful genotypic screen for INH resistance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. State Univ Maringa, Dept Clin Anal, Maringa, Parana, Brazil. Paulista State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Paulista, Brazil. Inst Adolfo Lutz Registro, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. Inst Adolfo Lutz Registro, Sorocaba, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Morlock, GP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop F08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gmorlock@cdc.gov RI Hirata, Rosario/A-7284-2011; Leite, Clarice/D-9492-2012; Hirata, Mario/C-9718-2013 NR 49 TC 65 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 48 IS 9 BP 3373 EP 3381 DI 10.1128/AAC.48.9.3373-3381.2004 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 850PV UT WOS:000223625800024 PM 15328099 ER PT J AU Pletz, MWR McGee, L Jorgensen, J Beall, B Facklam, RR Whitney, CG Klugman, KP AF Pletz, MWR McGee, L Jorgensen, J Beall, B Facklam, RR Whitney, CG Klugman, KP CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Levofloxacin-resistant invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: Evidence for clonal spread and the impact of conjugate pneumococcal vaccine SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; FLUOROQUINOLONE RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENETIC RELATEDNESS; MUTATIONS; DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION; ADULTS; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB The emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in sterile-site isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae is documented in this study characterizing all invasive levofloxacin-resistant (MIC, greater than or equal to8 mg/liter) S. pneumoniae isolates (n = 50) obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Active Bacterial Core Surveillance from 1998 to 2002. Resistance among all isolates increased from 0.1% in 1998 to 0.6% in 2001 (P = 0.008) but decreased to 0.4% in 2002, while resistance among vaccine serotypes continued to increase from 0.3% in 1998 to 1.0% in 2002, suggesting that fluoroquinolones continue to exert selective pressure on these vaccine serotypes. Only 22% of resistant isolates were not covered by the conjugate vaccine serogroups. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that 58% of resistant strains were related to five international clones identified by the Pneumococcal Molecular Epidemiology Network, with the Spain(23F)-1 clone being most frequent (16% of all isolates). Thirty-six percent of the isolates were coresistant to penicillin, 44% were coresistant to macrolides, and 28% were multiresistant to penicillin, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones. Fifty percent of the isolates were resistant to any three drug classes. Ninety-four percent of the isolates had multiple mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of the gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE genes. In 16% of the isolates, there was evidence of an active efflux mechanism. An unusual isolate was found that showed only a single parE mutation and for which the ciprofloxacin MIC was lower (2 mg/liter) than that of levofloxacin (8 mg/liter). Our results suggest that invasive pneumococcal isolates resistant to levofloxacin in the United States show considerable evidence of multiple resistance and of clonal spread. C1 Emory Clin, Dept Int Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Clin, Div Infect Dis, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Pletz, MWR (reprint author), Emory Clin, Dept Int Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mpletz@sph.emory.edu RI Pletz, Mathias/C-6848-2009; OI Pletz, Mathias/0000-0001-8157-2753 NR 42 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 48 IS 9 BP 3491 EP 3497 DI 10.1128/AAC.48.9.3491-3497.2004 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 850PV UT WOS:000223625800041 PM 15328116 ER PT J AU Crowell, AL Stephens, CE Kumar, A Boykin, DW Secor, WE AF Crowell, AL Stephens, CE Kumar, A Boykin, DW Secor, WE TI Activities of dicationic compounds against Trichomonas vaginalis SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID ANTIPROTOZOAL ACTIVITY; METRONIDAZOLE; AGENTS; RESISTANT; ANALOGS; BENZIMIDAZOLES; DIGUANIDINO; PENTAMIDINE AB We evaluated 44 novel cationic compounds for activity against metronidazole-sensitive and -resistant Trichomonas vaginalis isolates. Six compounds in three different structural classes demonstrated 50% inhibitory concentrations as low as 1 muM against both sensitive and resistant isolates, suggesting a mode of action independent of parasite biochemical pathways that confer resistance to 5-nitroimidazoles. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Secor, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-F13, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM was4@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI046365, R01AI46365] NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 48 IS 9 BP 3602 EP 3605 DI 10.1128/AAC.48.9.3602-3605.2004 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 850PV UT WOS:000223625800063 PM 15328138 ER PT J AU Humiston, SG Szilagyi, PG Iwane, MK Schaffer, SJ Santoli, J Shone, L Barth, R McInerny, T Schwartz, B AF Humiston, SG Szilagyi, PG Iwane, MK Schaffer, SJ Santoli, J Shone, L Barth, R McInerny, T Schwartz, B TI The feasibility of universal influenza vaccination for infants and toddlers SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY-CARE PRACTICES; CHILDREN PROGRAM; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; RESPONSE RATES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; PHYSICIAN; VACCINES; IMPACT AB Background: Physicians' opinions on the feasibility of routine influenza vaccination of infants and toddlers are unknown. Objective: To assess the opinions of primary care providers regarding (1) the feasibility of an expanded influenza vaccination recommendation, (2) potential barriers, and (3) current and projected use of immunization reminder systems for influenza vaccination. Methods: In February 2001, we mailed a 20-item, selfadministered survey to a national random sample of pediatricians and family physicians (FPs). The survey primarily focused on a scenario of routine influenza vaccination for children aged 12 through 35 months using either injected or intranasal spray vaccine. Results: Four hundred fifty-eight eligible physicians completed the survey (eligible response rate: pediatricians, 72%; FPS, 52%). Regarding the scenario mentioned above, most physicians agreed that implementation would be feasible (pediatricians, 80%; FPS, 69%); would significantly decrease illness visits during influenza season (pediatricians, 67%; FPS, 57%); and was justified by influenza's severity and complications (pediatricians, 61%; FPs, 41%). When considering a scenario that extended down to 6 months of age and only allowed use of injectable vaccine for infants, fewer physicians (pediatricians, 50%; FPS, 40%) considered implementation feasible. The issues most frequently cited as important potential barriers for practices were costs (77%), vaccine safety issues (52%), and the inability to identify eligible children (46%). Conclusion: To make widespread implementation feasible, the following are needed: minimizing costs for families and physician practices, educational campaigns on key issues, and primary care system changes (eg, tracking of eligible children, reminder and/or recall systems, and immunization clinics). C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Emergency Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, New Vaccine Surveillance Network, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Strong Childrens Res Ctr, Sch Med & Dent, Div Gen Pediat,Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Humiston, SG (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Emergency Med, Box 655,601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM sharon_humiston@urmc.rochester.edu OI Schaffer, Stanley/0000-0001-7993-1374 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U38Y CCU 217969] NR 44 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 158 IS 9 BP 867 EP 874 DI 10.1001/archpedi.158.9.867 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 852IW UT WOS:000223750000004 PM 15351752 ER PT J AU Abbate, L Renner, JB Stevens, J Luta, G Dragomir, AD Woodward, J Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG Jordan, JM AF Abbate, L Renner, JB Stevens, J Luta, G Dragomir, AD Woodward, J Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG Jordan, JM TI Do body composition and body fat distribution explain ethnic differences in radiographic knee osteoarthritis (rKOA) outcomes in African-American and Caucasian women? SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/39th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 16-21, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 9 SU S BP S268 EP S268 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 853AS UT WOS:000223799000670 ER PT J AU Helmick, CG Renner, JB Luta, G Dragomir, AD Kalsbeck, W Abbate, L Hochberg, MC Jordan, JM AF Helmick, CG Renner, JB Luta, G Dragomir, AD Kalsbeck, W Abbate, L Hochberg, MC Jordan, JM TI Prevalence of hip pain, radiographic hip osteoarthritis (OA), severe radiographic hip OA, and symptomatic hip OA: The Johnston county osteoarthritis project. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/39th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 16-21, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 9 SU S BP S47 EP S47 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 853AS UT WOS:000223799000032 ER PT J AU Helmick, CG Renner, JB Luta, G Dragomir, AD Kalsbeek, W Abbate, L Hochberg, MC Jordan, JM AF Helmick, CG Renner, JB Luta, G Dragomir, AD Kalsbeek, W Abbate, L Hochberg, MC Jordan, JM TI Prevalence of knee pain, radiographic knee Osteoarthritis (OA), severe radiographic knee OA, and symptomatic knee OA: The Johnston county osteoarthritis project. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/39th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 16-21, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 9 SU S BP S46 EP S46 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 853AS UT WOS:000223799000030 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM Sacks, J Helmick, CG AF Hootman, JM Sacks, J Helmick, CG TI Prevalence of arthritis-attributable activity limitations among adults with doctor-diagnosed arthritis, United States, 2002 SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/39th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 16-21, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 9 SU S BP S641 EP S642 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 853AS UT WOS:000223799001779 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM Helmick, CG Murphy, L AF Hootman, JM Helmick, CG Murphy, L TI National prevalence of proxy-reported doctor-diagnosed pediatric arthritis, United States, 1997-2002. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/39th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 16-21, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 9 SU S BP S299 EP S299 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 853AS UT WOS:000223799000761 ER PT J AU MacLean, CH Sampsel, SL Saag, KG Solomon, DH Brady, T Saleh, K Susman, J Renner, P Mardon, R AF MacLean, CH Sampsel, SL Saag, KG Solomon, DH Brady, T Saleh, K Susman, J Renner, P Mardon, R TI Low use of GI prophylaxis with NSAIDs in high risk patients SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/39th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 16-21, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. Natl Committee Qual Assurance, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 9 SU S BP S320 EP S321 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 853AS UT WOS:000223799000825 ER PT J AU Sampsel, SL Maclean, CH Brady, T Saleh, K Solomon, DH Susman, J Saag, KG Mardon, R Renner, P AF Sampsel, SL Maclean, CH Brady, T Saleh, K Solomon, DH Susman, J Saag, KG Mardon, R Renner, P TI Weight loss and exercise: Opportunities for quality improvement in osteoarthritis SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/39th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 16-21, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. Natl Committee Qual Assurance, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 9 SU S BP S320 EP S320 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 853AS UT WOS:000223799000823 ER PT J AU Sampsel, SL MacLean, CH Solomon, DH Susman, JQ Saag, KG Brady, T Saleh, K Renner, P Halim, S Mardon, R AF Sampsel, SL MacLean, CH Solomon, DH Susman, JQ Saag, KG Brady, T Saleh, K Renner, P Halim, S Mardon, R TI Measuring quality in RA: DMARD use SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/39th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 16-21, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Natl Committee Qual Assurance, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 9 SU S BP S319 EP S320 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 853AS UT WOS:000223799000822 ER PT J AU Sampsel, SL Solomon, DH Teresa, BY Saleh, K Susman, J Saag, KG Renner, P Mardon, R Mierzejewski, RM MacLean, CH AF Sampsel, SL Solomon, DH Teresa, BY Saleh, K Susman, J Saag, KG Renner, P Mardon, R Mierzejewski, RM MacLean, CH TI Measuring pain and functional assessment in adults with arthritis SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/39th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 16-21, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. Natl Committee Qual Assurance, Washington, DC USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 9 SU S BP S319 EP S319 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 853AS UT WOS:000223799000821 ER PT J AU Miller, JM AF Miller, JM TI Clinical microbiology: Imperatives of our profession SO ASM NEWS LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Response Branch, Bioterrorism Preparedness Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Miller, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Response Branch, Bioterrorism Preparedness Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0044-7897 J9 ASM NEWS JI ASM News PD SEP PY 2004 VL 70 IS 9 BP 399 EP 405 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 853VC UT WOS:000223856000013 ER PT J AU Katz, JM AF Katz, JM TI Preparing for the next influenza pandemic SO ASM NEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 103rd General Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY 18-22, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; VIRUSES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol & Viral Pathogenesis Sect, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Katz, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol & Viral Pathogenesis Sect, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0044-7897 J9 ASM NEWS JI ASM News PD SEP PY 2004 VL 70 IS 9 BP 412 EP 419 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 853VC UT WOS:000223856000015 ER PT J AU Wang, ML Williamson, JM Redline, S AF Wang, ML Williamson, JM Redline, S TI A semiparametric method for analyzing matched case-control family studies with a continuous outcome and proband sampling SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE aggregation; association; estimating function; family study; matched case-control study; nuisance; semiparametric ID SLEEP HEART HEALTH; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY; ESTIMATING EQUATIONS; AGGREGATION; APNEA; ASSOCIATION; INTERCLASS; LIKELIHOOD; DESIGNS AB We consider matched case-control familial studies which match a group of patients, called "case probands," with a group of disease-free subjects, called "control probands," using a set of family-level matching variables. Family members of each proband are then recruited into the study. Of interest here is the familial aggregation of the response variable and the effects of subject-specific covariates on the response. We propose an estimating equation approach to jointly estimate the main effects and intrafamilial correlations for matched family studies with a continuous outcome. Only knowledge of the first two joint moments of the response variable is required. The induced estimators for the main effects and intrafamilial correlations are consistent and asymptotically normally distributed. We apply the proposed method to sleep apnea data. A simulation study demonstrates the usefulness of our approach. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Rainbow Babies & Childrens Hosp, Div Clin Epidemiol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Wang, ML (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM mwang@jimmy.harvard.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 46380] NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD SEP PY 2004 VL 60 IS 3 BP 644 EP 650 DI 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2004.00213.x PG 7 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 853HP UT WOS:000223818200013 PM 15339286 ER PT J AU Siffel, C Correa, A Cragan, J Alverson, CJ AF Siffel, C Correa, A Cragan, J Alverson, CJ TI Prenatal diagnosis, pregnancy terminations and prevalence of Down Syndrome in Atlanta SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Down syndrome; prevalence; prenatal diagnosis; termination; race/ethnicity; maternal age ID ADVANCED MATERNAL AGE; BIRTH PREVALENCE; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; FETAL LOSS; TRISOMY-21; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; RISK; RATES; FETUSES AB BACKGROUND: The impact of prenatal diagnosis on the live birth prevalence of Down syndrome (trisomy 21) has been described. This study examines the prevalence of Down syndrome before (1990-1993) and after inclusion of prenatally diagnosed cases (1994-1999) in a population-based registry of birth defects in metropolitan Atlanta. METHODS: We identified infants and spontaneous fetal deaths with Down syndrome (n = 387), and pregnancies electively terminated after a prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome (n = 139) from 1990 to 1999 among residents of metropolitan Atlanta from a population-based registry of birth defects, the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP). Only diagnoses of full trisomy 21 were included. Denominator information on live births was derived from State of Georgia birth certificate data. We compared the prevalence of Down syndrome by calendar period (1990-1993,1994-1999), maternal age ( < 35 years, 35+ years), and race/ethnicity (White, Black, other), using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: During the period when case ascertainment was based only on hospitals (1990-1993), the prevalence of Down syndrome was 8.4 per 10,000 live births when pregnancy terminations were excluded and 8.8 per 10,000 when terminations were included. When case ascertainment also included perinatal offices (1994-1999), the prevalence of Down syndrome was 10.1 per 10,000 when terminations were excluded and 15.3 when terminations were included. During 1990-1993, the prevalence of Down syndrome was 24.7 per 10,000 among offspring to women 35+ years of age compared to 6.8 per 10,000 among offspring to women < 35 years of age (rate ratio [RR] = 3.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.53-5.28). During 1994-1999, the prevalence of Down syndrome was 55.3 per 10,000 among offspring to women 35+ years compared to 8.5 per 10,000 among offspring to women < 35 years (RR = 6.55, 95% CI = 5.36-7.99). There was no statistically significant variation in the prevalence of Down syndrome by race/ethnicity within maternal age and period of birth strata. During 1994-1999, the proportion of cases that were electively terminated was greater for women 35+ years compared to women < 35 years (RR = 5.10, 95% CI = 3.14-8.28), and lower for Blacks compared to Whites among women 35+ years of age (RR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.16-0.66). CONCLUSIONS: In recent years, perinatal offices have become an important source of cases of Down syndrome for MACDP, contributing at least 34% of cases among pregnancies in women 35+ years of age. Variation in the prevalence of Down syndrome by race/ethnicity, before or after inclusion of cases ascertained from perinatal offices, was not statistically significant. Among Down syndrome pregnancies in mothers 35+ years we found a lower proportion of elective termination among Black women compared to White women. We suggest that future reports on the prevalence of Down syndrome by race/ethnicity take into account possible variations in the frequency of prenatal diagnosis or elective termination by race/ethnicity. Birth Defects Research Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc(dagger). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Siffel, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM csiffel@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 70 IS 9 BP 565 EP 571 DI 10.1002/bdra.20064 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 855BG UT WOS:000223947300004 PM 15368554 ER PT J AU Reefhuis, J Honein, MA AF Reefhuis, J Honein, MA TI Maternal age and non-chromosomal birth defects, Atlanta - 1968-2000: Teenager or thirty-something, who is at risk? SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE maternal age; abnormalities; registries; Atlanta ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; CONGENITAL HEART-DEFECTS; PERICONCEPTIONAL USE; OROFACIAL CLEFTS; MULTIVITAMIN USE; CHILDREN BORN; COCAINE USE; MALFORMATIONS; SMOKING; POPULATION AB OBJECTIVE: This investigation explored the association between maternal age and non-chromosomal birth defects to assess any increased risk associated with maternal age. METHODS: Birth defect cases were ascertained by the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP), denominator information was obtained using birth certificate data. Infants with any chromosomal diagnosis were excluded. Effect estimates were calculated using 5-year maternal age categories with 25-29 years as the referent. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for maternal race, parity, infant sex, and birth year. RESULTS: A total of 1,050,616 singleton infants, born after greater than or equal to 20 weeks gestation in the five counties of metropolitan Atlanta from 1968 through 2000 who did not have a chromosomal abnormality and whose mother was 14 to 40 years old, were included in the analyses, 32,816 of them were identified with birth defects by the MACDP. Young maternal age (14-19 years) was associated with anencephaly (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.30-2.52), hydrocephaly without neural tube defect (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.23-1.96), all ear defects (OR 1.28, 95% CI = 1.10-1.49), cleft lip (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.30-2.73), female genital defects (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.12-2.19), hydronephrosis (OR 1.42, 95% CI = 1.11-1.82), polydactyly (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.09-1.52), omphalocele (OR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.39-3.12), and gastroschisis (OR = 7.18, 95% CI = 4.39-11.75). Advanced maternal age (35-40 years) was associated with all heart defects (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.03-1.22), tricuspid atresia (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.02-1.50), right outflow tract defects (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.10-1.49), hypospadias 2(nd) degree or higher (OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.33-2.58), male genital defects excluding hypospadias (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.08-1.45) and craniosynostosis (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.18-2.30). CONCLUSIONS: Young and advanced maternal ages are associated with different types of birth defects. Underlying causes for these associations are not clear. Birth Defects Research Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc(dagger). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reefhuis, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nzr5@cdc.gov RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 47 TC 98 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 70 IS 9 BP 572 EP 579 DI 10.1002/bdra.20065 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 855BG UT WOS:000223947300005 PM 15368555 ER PT J AU Wertelecki, W Hilliard, P Schoellhorn, J Mumaw, S Flood, TJ Varga, AK Mosley, BS Hobbs, CA Campodonica, MJ Shaw, GM Schonbeck, M Miller, LA Okafor, M Liu, CF Baker, J Voss, B Long-White, D Brooks, J Correia, JA Grimm, E O'Leary, LA Cragan, JD Hersh, DL Joshi, H Merz, RD Duke, RA Egler, T Shen, TF Meade, NB Romitti, PA McDowell, BD Stueve, JH Nelson, CS Robl, JM Fawbush, SG Pippins, LB Mulcahy, E Day, PY Panny, SR Baumgardner, RA Casey, L Higgins, C Copeland, G Simmons, L Falken, M Symonik, D McClure, J Terry, P Bakewell, JM Clack, S Becker, CM Wright, J Deyhle, GM Moeschler, JB Flanagan, VA Beres, LM Knapp, MM Nalder, S Murphy, T Cross, PK Druschel, C Meyer, RE Williams, J Bohn, T Schor, DP Starr, AE Pearson, KA Rosenberg, KD Horner, SB Staver, RF Correa, EM Valencia, D Viner-Brown, S Quaedvlieg, M Stevenson, RE Dean, JH Stein, Q Law, DJ Canfield, MA Langlois, P Feldkamp, ML MacLeod, LM Brozicevic, P Burley, J Williams, SK Ford, NC Peters, R Cummons, KG Baker, MA Oftedahl, E Helm-Quest, P Ailes, D Ryan, M Aran, R AF Wertelecki, W Hilliard, P Schoellhorn, J Mumaw, S Flood, TJ Varga, AK Mosley, BS Hobbs, CA Campodonica, MJ Shaw, GM Schonbeck, M Miller, LA Okafor, M Liu, CF Baker, J Voss, B Long-White, D Brooks, J Correia, JA Grimm, E O'Leary, LA Cragan, JD Hersh, DL Joshi, H Merz, RD Duke, RA Egler, T Shen, TF Meade, NB Romitti, PA McDowell, BD Stueve, JH Nelson, CS Robl, JM Fawbush, SG Pippins, LB Mulcahy, E Day, PY Panny, SR Baumgardner, RA Casey, L Higgins, C Copeland, G Simmons, L Falken, M Symonik, D McClure, J Terry, P Bakewell, JM Clack, S Becker, CM Wright, J Deyhle, GM Moeschler, JB Flanagan, VA Beres, LM Knapp, MM Nalder, S Murphy, T Cross, PK Druschel, C Meyer, RE Williams, J Bohn, T Schor, DP Starr, AE Pearson, KA Rosenberg, KD Horner, SB Staver, RF Correa, EM Valencia, D Viner-Brown, S Quaedvlieg, M Stevenson, RE Dean, JH Stein, Q Law, DJ Canfield, MA Langlois, P Feldkamp, ML MacLeod, LM Brozicevic, P Burley, J Williams, SK Ford, NC Peters, R Cummons, KG Baker, MA Oftedahl, E Helm-Quest, P Ailes, D Ryan, M Aran, R CA Ctr Dis Control Prevent TI State birth defects surveillance program directory SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Alabama Birth Defects Surveillance & Prevent Prog, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. MCH Epidemiol Unit, Epidemiol Sect, Anchorage, AK 99524 USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, ABDMP, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. UAMS, Coll Med, Arkansas Ctr Birth Defects Res & Prevent, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. CRCSN, Denver, CO 80246 USA. Colorado Responds Children Special Needs, Denver, CO 80246 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Family Hlth Div, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. DE Div Publ Hlth, Family Planning Program, Dover, DE 19903 USA. DC Dept Hlth Maternal & Family Hlth Adm, Data Collect & Anal Div, Washington, DC 20002 USA. DC Dept Hlth Maternal & Family Hlth Adm, Children Special Hlth Care Needs Div, Washington, DC 20002 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MACDP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. GA Div Publ Hlth, MCH Epidemiol Sect, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hawaii Birth Defects Program, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. Bur Clin & Prevent Serv, Idaho Dept Hlth & Welf, Boise, ID 83720 USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. Indiana State Dept Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa Birth Defects Registry, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Kansas Dept Hlth & Environm, Childrens Dev Serv, Topeka, KS 66612 USA. Kentucky Dept Publ Hlth, Frankfort, KY 40621 USA. DHH, Off Publ Hlth, Childrens Special Hlth Serv, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Maine Bur Hlth, Genet Program, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Off Genet & CSHCN, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Birth Defects Program, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02108 USA. Michigan Birth Defects Registry, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN 55164 USA. Mississippi Dept Hlth, Genet Program, Jackson, MS 39215 USA. Missouri Dept Hlth, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. DPHHS, FCHB, Helena, MT 59620 USA. Nebraska Hlth & Human Serv Syst, Lincoln, NE 68509 USA. Bur Family Hlth Serv, State Hlth Div, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. Nevada State Hlth Div, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Genet & Child Dev, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hitchcock Med Ctr, Reg Program Womens & Childrens Hlth, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. NM Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. New York Dept Hlth, Congenital Malformat Registry, Troy, NY 12180 USA. New York Dept Hlth, Ctr Environm Hlth, Troy, NY 12180 USA. N Carolina Ctr Hlth Stat, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. Dept Human Serv, Childerns Special Hlth Serv Div ND, Bismarck, ND 58505 USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Div Family & Community Hlth Serv, Columbus, OH 43216 USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. Oregon Hlth Dept, Portland, OR 97232 USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. PR Dept Hlth, Puerto Rico Fol Acid Campaign, Birth Defects Surveillance Syst, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Providence, RI 02908 USA. Greenwood Genet Ctr, SC BD Surveillance & Prevent Program, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA. Sioux Valley Childrens Specialty Clin, Sioux Falls, SD 57117 USA. TN Dept Hlth, Tennessee Birth Defects Registry, PPA, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. Texas Birth Defects Monitoring Div, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Utah Birth Defects Network, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. Vermont Dept Hlth, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Pediat Screening & Genet Serv, Richmond, VA 23219 USA. Washington Dept Hlth, MCH Assessment, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. OMCFH, Charleston, WV 25301 USA. Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI 53701 USA. WY Dept Hlth, Community & Family Hlth Div, Cheyenne, WY 82002 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DoD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, DoD Birth & Infant Hlth Registry, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Wertelecki, W (reprint author), Alabama Birth Defects Surveillance & Prevent Prog, CCCB Room 214,307 Univ Blvd, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. EM bdprevention@usouthal.edu; philliard@usouthal.edu; Janine_Schoelllhorn@health.state.ak.us; Sharilyn_Mumaw@health.state.ak.us; tflood@hs.state.az.us; avarga@hs.state.az.us; MosleyBridgetS@uams.edu; hobbscharlotte@uams.edu; mca@cbdmp.org; gsh@cbdmp.org; margaret.schonbeck@state.co.us; lisa.miller@state.co.us; martha.okafor@po.state.ct.us; chun-fu.liu@po.state.ct.us; JoAnnM.Baker@state.de.us; Betsy.Voss@state.de.us; dlong-white@dchealth.com; jbrooks@dchealth.com; Jane_Correia@doh.state.fl.us; Eric_Grimm@doh.state.fl.us; LOLeary@cdc.gov; JCragan@cdc.gov; dlhersh@dhr.state.ga.us; hjoshi@dhr.state.ga.us; hbdp@crch.hawaii.edu; duke@idhw.state.id.us; tegler@idph.state.il.us; tshen@idph.state.il.us; Nmeade@isdh.state.in.us; paul-romitti@uiowa.edu; bradley-mcdowell@uiowa.edu; jstueve@kdhe.state.ks.us; cnelson@kdhe.state.ks.us; joyce.robl@ky.gov; sandy.fawbush@ky.gov; lpippins@dhh.la.gov; eleanor.a.mulcahy@maine.gov; patricia.y.day@maine.gov; PannyS@dhmh.state.md.us; BaumgardnerR@dhmh.state.md.us; linda.casey@state.ma.us; cathleen.higgins@state.ma.us; CopelandG@state.mi.us; Simmonsl@state.mi.us; myron.falken@health.state.mn.us; daniel.symonik@health.state.mn.us; jmcclure@msdh.state.ms.us; pterry@msdh.state.ms.us; bakewj@dhss.state.mo.us; sclack@state.mt.us; carla.becker@hhss.state.ne.us; jwright@nvhd.state.nv.us; gdeyhle@nvhd.state.nv.us; john.moeschler@hitchcock.org; victoria.a.flanagan@hitchcock.org; Leslie.Beres-Sochka@doh.state.nj.us; mary.knapp@doh.state.nj.us; susann@doh.state.nm.us; tierneymurphy@doh.state.nm.us; pkc02@health.state.ny.us; cmd05@health.state.ny.us; robert.meyer@ncmail.net; jennifer.williams@ncmail.net; tbohn@state.nd.us; dschor@odh.ohio.gov; Astarr@odh.ohio.gov; kayp@health.state.ok.us; ken.d.rosenberg@state.or.us; shomer@state.pa.us; rstaver@state.pa.us; ecorrea@salud.gov.pr; dvalencia@salud.gov.pr; samv@doh.state.ri.us; MicheleQ@doh.state.ri.us; res@ggc.org; jane@ggc.org; qstein@usd.edu; david.law@state.tn.us; mark.canfield@tdh.state.tx.us; peter.langlois@tdh.state.tx.us; mfeldkamp@utah.gov; lmacleod@utah.gov; pbrozic@vdh.state.vt.us; jburley@vdh.state.vt.us; Sharonk.Williams@vdh.virginia.gov; nancy.ford@vdh.virginia.gov; riley.peters@doh.wa.gov; kathycummons@wvdhhr.org; melissabaker@wvdhhr.org; OftedEJ@dhfs.state.wi.us; helmqp@dhfs.state.wi.us; dailes@state.wy.us; ryan@nhrc.navy.mil; aran@nhrc.navy.mil NR 0 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 70 IS 9 BP 609 EP 676 DI 10.1002/bdra.20071 PG 68 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 855BG UT WOS:000223947300011 ER PT J AU Thun, MJ Sinks, T AF Thun, MJ Sinks, T TI Understanding cancer clusters SO CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS LA English DT Article ID STATE HEALTH; LEUKEMIA; WOMEN AB Each year, state and local health departments respond to more than 1,000 inquiries about suspected cancer clusters. Three quarters of these reports involve situations that are clearly not clusters and can be resolved by telephone. For the remainder, follow-up is needed, first to confirm the number of persons affected, their age, type of cancer, dates of diagnosis, and other factors, and then to compare cancer incidence in the affected population with background rates in state tumor registries. In approximately 5% to 15% of the reported situations, formal statistical testing confirms that the number of observed cases exceeds the number expected in a specific area, given the age, sex, and size of the affected population. Even in these instances, however, chance remains a plausible explanation for many clusters, and further epidemiologic investigation almost never identifies the underlying cause of disease with confidence. The few exceptions have involved clusters of extremely rare cancers occurring in well-defined occupational or medical settings, generally involving intense and sustained exposure to an unusual chemical, occupation, infection, or drug. This article discusses the resources and scientific tools currently available to investigate cancer clusters. It also provides a framework for understanding cancer clusters and a realistic appraisal of what cluster investigations can and cannot provide in the context of community expectations. C1 Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thun, MJ (reprint author), Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 33 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0007-9235 J9 CA-CANCER J CLIN JI CA-Cancer J. Clin. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 54 IS 5 BP 273 EP 280 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 958YE UT WOS:000231483300007 PM 15371285 ER PT J AU Meissner, HI Smith, RA Rimer, BK Wilson, KM Rakowski, W Vernon, SW Briss, PA AF Meissner, HI Smith, RA Rimer, BK Wilson, KM Rakowski, W Vernon, SW Briss, PA TI Promoting cancer screening: Learning from experience SO CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Worksdhop on Promoting Cancer Screening Lessons Learned and Future Directions for Research and Practice CY JUN 09-10, 2003 CL Washington, DC DE cancer screening; behavioral intervention; screening test efficacy; mammography; trends ID INCREASE MAMMOGRAPHY USE; HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; AGED 40-49 YEARS; BREAST-CANCER; CERVICAL-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; PAP SMEAR; OLDER WOMEN; INTERVENTIONS; METAANALYSIS AB This article provides an overview of behavioral and social science cancer screening intervention research and introduces the scope of topics addressed in this supplement to Cancer. The authors identify and address issues to consider before conducting interventions to promote the uptake of screening tests, such as the benefits and harms associated with screening. Trends in the use of cancer screening tests are discussed in the context of their efficacy and adoption over time. Both the development and breadth of social and behavioral intervention research intended to increase the use of effective tests are reviewed as background for the articles that follow. The application of the lessons from this extensive knowledge base not only should accelerate the uptake of the effective cancer screening tests currently available, but also can guide future directions for research. Published 2004 by the American Cancer Society. C1 NCI, Appl Canc Screening Res Branch, Behav Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci,NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Canc Control Sci Dept, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Brown Univ, Dept Community Hlth, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Brown Univ, Ctr Gerontol & Hlth Care Res, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Behav Sci, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Res, Houston, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Systemat Reviews Sect, Community Guide Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Meissner, HI (reprint author), NCI, Appl Canc Screening Res Branch, Behav Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci,NIH, 6130 Execut Blvd,Suite 4102, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM hm36d@nih.gov NR 79 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 5 SU S BP 1107 EP 1117 DI 10.1002/cncr.20507 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 850LN UT WOS:000223613000002 PM 15316913 ER PT J AU Vernon, SW Briss, PA Tiro, JA Warnecke, RB AF Vernon, SW Briss, PA Tiro, JA Warnecke, RB TI Some methodologic lessons learned from cancer screening research SO CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Worksdhop on Promoting Cancer Screening Lessons Learned and Future Directions for Research and Practice CY JUN 09-10, 2003 CL Washington, DC DE cancer screening; behavioral interventions; internal and external validity; methodology; study design ID SELF-REPORTED MAMMOGRAPHY; PAP SMEAR HISTORIES; HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; COLORECTAL-CANCER; CERVICAL-CANCER; CONSORT STATEMENT; PAPANICOLAOU SMEARS; MEDICAL-RECORDS AB Credible and useful methodologic evaluations are essential for increasing the uptake of effective cancer screening tests. In the current article, the authors discuss selected issues that are related to conducting behavior change interventions in cancer screening research and that may assist researchers in better designing future evaluations to increase the credibility and usefulness of such interventions. Selection and measurement of the primary outcome variable (i.e., cancer screening behavior) are discussed in detail. The report also addresses other aspects of study design and execution, including alternatives to the randomized controlled trial, indicators of study quality, and external validity. The authors conclude that the uptake of screening should be the main outcome when evaluating cancer screening strategies; that researchers should agree on definitions and measures of cancer screening behaviors and assess the reliability and validity of these definitions and measures in different populations and settings; and that the development of methods for increasing the external validity of randomized designs and reducing bias in nonrandomized studies is needed. (C) 2004 American Cancer Society. C1 Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Hlth Promot & Behav Sci, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Res, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Systemat Reviews Sec, Community Guide Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Illinois, Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Chicago, IL USA. RP Vernon, SW (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Hlth Promot & Behav Sci, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Res, 7000 Fannin,UCT 2560, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM svernon@sph.uth.tmc.edu OI Tiro, Jasmin/0000-0001-8300-0441 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA 76330, P50 CA106743, R01 CA 97623] NR 137 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 5 SU S BP 1131 EP 1145 DI 10.1002/cncr.20513 PG 15 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 850LN UT WOS:000223613000004 PM 15316907 ER PT J AU Rimer, BK Briss, PA Zeller, PK Chan, ECY Woolf, SH AF Rimer, BK Briss, PA Zeller, PK Chan, ECY Woolf, SH TI Informed decision making: What is its role in cancer screening? SO CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Worksdhop on Promoting Cancer Screening Lessons Learned and Future Directions for Research and Practice CY JUN 09-10, 2003 CL Washington, DC DE informed decision making; cancer screening; shared decision making; evidence ID PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; SERVICES-TASK-FORCE; HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; PHYSICIAN-PATIENT ENCOUNTER; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; COLORECTAL-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN AB Interest in informed decision making (IDM) has grown in recent years. Greater patient involvement in decision making is consistent with recommendations to improve health care quality. This report provides an overview of IDM; clarifies the differences between IDM, shared decision making (SDM), and informed consent; and reviews the evidence to date about IDM for cancer screening. The authors also make recommendations for research. We define IDM as occurring when an individual understands the disease or condition being addressed and comprehends what the clinical service involves, including its benefits, risks, limitations, alternatives, and uncertainties; has considered his or her preferences and makes a decision consistent with them; and believes he or she has participated in decision making at the level desired. IDM interventions are used to facilitate informed decisions. The authors reviewed the evidence to date for IDM and cancer screening based primarily on published meta-analyses and a recent report for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Guide to Community Preventive Services. IDM and SDM interventions, such as decision aids, result in improved knowledge, beliefs, risk perceptions, and combinations of these. Little or no evidence exists, however, regarding whether these interventions result in 1) participation in decision making at a level consistent with patient preferences or 2) effects on patient satisfaction with the decision-making process. These variables generally either were not assessed or were not reported in the articles reviewed. Results of interventions on uptake of screening were variable. After exposure to IDM/SDM interventions, most studies showed small decreases in prostate cancer screening, whereas four studies on breast and colorectal cancer screening showed small increases. Few data are available by which to evaluate current practices in cancer screening IDM. Patient participation in IDM should be facilitated for those who prefer it. More research is needed to assess the benefits of IDM/SDM interventions and to tailor interventions to individuals who are most likely to desire and benefit from them. There are many system barriers to IDM/SDM and few tools. More work is needed in this area as well. In addition, research is needed to learn how to incorporate IDM into ongoing clinical practice and to determine whether there are unintended negative consequences of IDM. (C) 2004 American Cancer Society. C1 Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Systemat Reviews Sect, Community Guide Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Houston, TX USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Family Med, Richmond, VA USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Richmond, VA USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Community Hlth, Richmond, VA USA. RP Rimer, BK (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, CB 7295, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM brimer@email.unc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [1-R01-CA105786-01, 5-P30-CA16086] NR 116 TC 171 Z9 173 U1 4 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 5 SU S BP 1214 EP 1228 DI 10.1002/cncr.20512 PG 15 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 850LN UT WOS:000223613000009 PM 15316908 ER PT J AU Andersen, MR Urban, N Ramsey, S Briss, PA AF Andersen, MR Urban, N Ramsey, S Briss, PA TI Examining the cost-effectiveness of cancer screening promotion SO CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Worksdhop on Promoting Cancer Screening Lessons Learned and Future Directions for Research and Practice CY JUN 09-10, 2003 CL Washington, DC DE cancer screening; cost-effectiveness; promotion; quality-adjusted life years ID CARCINOMA IN-SITU; BREAST-CANCER; CERVICAL-CANCER; OVARIAN-CANCER; PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; COLORECTAL-CANCER; MAMMOGRAPHY USE; LIFESAVING INTERVENTIONS; ABNORMAL MAMMOGRAMS; RURAL COMMUNITIES AB Cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) can help to quantify the contribution of the promotion of a screening program to increased participation in screening. The cost-effectiveness (C/E) of screening promotion depends in large part on the endpoints of interest. At the most fundamental level, the C/E of a strategy for promoting screening would focus on the attendance rate, or cost per person screened, and the C/E would be influenced by the costs of promotion, as well as by the size and responsiveness of the target population. In addition, the costs of screening promotion (measured as the cost per additional participant in screening) can be included in a CEA estimate of the screening technology. In this case, depending on the efficacy of the screening test and the costs and influence of the promotion, the C/E of screening may improve or become poorer. In the current study, the authors reviewed the literature on the C/E of cancer screening promotion. The following lessons were learned regarding the C/E of screening and its promotion: 1) high-quality information on the C/E of screening is increasingly available; 2) cost-effective promotion of screening is dependent on cost-effective screening strategies; 3) quality-of-life effects may be important in assessing the overall C/E of screening programs; 4) research efforts aimed at identifying cost-effective approaches to screening promotion are useful but sparse; 5) C/E studies should be better incorporated into well designed effectiveness research efforts; 6) variations in C/E according to intervention characteristics, population characteristics, and context should be evaluated in greater depth; 7) the long-term effects of screening promotion are critical to assessing C/E; 8) the effects of promotion on costs of screening must be better understood; and 9) CEA must be interpreted in light of other information. The authors showed that CEA can be a valuable tool for understanding the merits of health promotion interventions and that CEA is particularly valuable in identifying screening strategies that might be promoted most cost-effectively. Published 2004 by the American Cancer Society. C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Canc Prevent Program, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98102 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Systemat Reviews Sect, Community Guide Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Andersen, MR (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Canc Prevent Program, Div Publ Hlth Sci, 1100 Fairview Ave N,POB 19024, Seattle, WA 98102 USA. EM rander@fhcrc.org NR 70 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 5 SU S BP 1229 EP 1238 DI 10.1002/cncr.20511 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 850LN UT WOS:000223613000010 PM 15316909 ER PT J AU Glasgow, RE Marcus, AC Bull, SS Wilson, KM AF Glasgow, RE Marcus, AC Bull, SS Wilson, KM TI Disseminating effective cancer screening interventions SO CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Worksdhop on Promoting Cancer Screening Lessons Learned and Future Directions for Research and Practice CY JUN 09-10, 2003 CL Washington, DC DE dissemination; generalization; cancer screening; interventions; research design; evaluation ID HEALTH-PROMOTION; PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH; CONSORT STATEMENT; RANDOMIZED TRIALS; RESEARCH CENTERS; SOCIAL ECOLOGY; CARE; MAMMOGRAPHY; WOMEN; FRAMEWORK AB A large gap exists between the results of research concerning efficacious cancer screening programs and the programs delivered in practice. In this article, the authors discuss issues in, barriers to, and lessons learned regarding the dissemination of interventions. They summarize previous reviews, exemplary studies, and theories regarding the diffusion and dissemination of cancer screening interventions. Six lessons learned address the involvement of key stakeholders, factors influencing diffusion, the need for different types of efficacy and effectiveness studies with greater attention to external validity, replication, the use of theoretical and evaluation models, and the importance of policy infrastructure. In this article, the authors make recommendations for future research and practice, including improving the understanding of the intervention process and changing the types of grants funded and review criteria used. Also needed are an enhanced infrastructure, including policies to support dissemination, and the involvement of researchers, health care administrators, clinicians, and funding organizations in dissemination if the gap between research and practice in cancer screening is to be reduced. Published 2004 by the American Cancer Society. C1 Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Clin Res Unit, Denver, CO 80237 USA. AMC, Canc Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Glasgow, RE (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Clin Res Unit, POB 378066, Denver, CO 80237 USA. EM russg@ris.net NR 59 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 5 SU S BP 1239 EP 1250 DI 10.1002/cncr.20509 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 850LN UT WOS:000223613000011 PM 15316911 ER PT J AU Meissner, HI Vernon, SW Rimer, BK Wilson, KM Rakowski, W Briss, PA Smith, RA AF Meissner, HI Vernon, SW Rimer, BK Wilson, KM Rakowski, W Briss, PA Smith, RA TI The future of research that promotes cancer screening SO CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Worksdhop on Promoting Cancer Screening Lessons Learned and Future Directions for Research and Practice CY JUN 09-10, 2003 CL Washington, DC DE behavioral intervention; cancer screening; standardized measures; research design; external validity ID HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; REPEAT MAMMOGRAPHY; WOMEN; INTERVENTIONS; ENVIRONMENTS; PERSPECTIVE; PREVALENCE; SERVICES; PROGRAMS; BREAST AB The authors draw on the lessons highlighted in preceding articles in the current supplement to provide recommendations for cancer screening intervention research and to highlight some of the many questions that will require further investigation. Published 2004 by the American Cancer Society. C1 NCI, Appl Canc Screening Res Branch, Behav Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Behav Sci, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Res, Houston, TX USA. Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Brown Univ, Dept Community Hlth, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Brown Univ, Ctr Gerontol & Hlth Care Res, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Systemat Reviews Sect, Community Guide Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Amer Canc Soc, Canc Control Sci Dept, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Meissner, HI (reprint author), NCI, Appl Canc Screening Res Branch, Behav Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, 6130 Execut Blvd,Suite 4102, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM hm36d@nih.gov NR 49 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 5 SU S BP 1251 EP 1259 DI 10.1002/cncr.20510 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 850LN UT WOS:000223613000012 PM 15316910 ER PT J AU Talkington, DF Shott, S Fallon, MT Schwartz, SB Thacker, WL AF Talkington, DF Shott, S Fallon, MT Schwartz, SB Thacker, WL TI Analysis of eight commercial enzyme immunoassay tests for detection of antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in human serum SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLEMENT-FIXATION; IGM; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; ASSAYS AB Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important etiologic agent of primary atypical pneumonia in children and adults. The diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection is commonly confirmed through serologic testing. In this study, we used paired sera from 51 patients (all with confirmed M. pneumoniae infection and positive complement fixation [CF] titers) to compare the results of eight enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) available commercially in the United States. We compared two single-use EIAs and six plate-type EIAs. Results from acute-phase sera ranged from only 7 (14%) positive by ImmunoWELL (GenBio) immunoglobulin M (IgM) EIA to 23 (45%) positive by Zeus IgG EIA. When both the acute-phase and convalescent-phase serum samples were examined, positive results ranged from 20 (39%) by the ImmunoWELL (GenBio) IgM assay to 45 (88%) positive by the Remel IgG-IgM EIA. In this study, the single-use EIAs by Remel and Meridian were more reliable than were the plate-type EIAs. Among the plate-type EIAs, the Zeus and DiaSorin assays (which detect antibodies to protein antigens) were more sensitive than the ImmunoWELL assay (which detects antibodies to glycolipid antigens). In general, IgG EIAs on convalescent-phase sera were more concordant with one another than were IgM EIAs with one another. Scatter plot analysis of convalescent-phase sera showed that, as the CF titer dropped, the IgM assays identified fewer positive convalescent-phase sera. In contrast, the IgG assays provided fairly consistent positive results for convalescent-phase sera with CF titers of 64 and above. Results of individual tests and overall limitations of serodiagnostics for M. pneumoniae infections are discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Decatur, GA USA. Atlanta VA Med Ctr, Res Serv, Decatur, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Biostat Unit, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Talkington, DF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bldg 5-312,Mailstop G03,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dft1@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 862 EP 867 DI 10.1128/CDLI.11.5.862-867.2004 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 856LJ UT WOS:000224046400007 PM 15358644 ER PT J AU Semenova, VA Steward-Clark, E Stamey, KL Taylor, TH Schmidt, DS Martin, SK Marano, N Quinn, CP AF Semenova, VA Steward-Clark, E Stamey, KL Taylor, TH Schmidt, DS Martin, SK Marano, N Quinn, CP TI Mass value assignment of total and subclass immunoglobulin G in a human standard anthrax reference serum SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIBODY-LEVELS; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; UNITED-STATES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PROTEINS; VACCINE; PURIFICATION; IMMUNOASSAY; CALIBRATION AB An anti-Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (anti-AVA) standard human reference serum pool, AVR414, has been prepared, and the total and protective antigen (PA)-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) were quantified. AVR414 was prepared by plasmapheresis of healthy adults who had received a minimum of four subcutaneous injections of AVA. Mass values (in milligrams per milliliter) for total IgG and IgG subclasses I to 4 were determined by radial immunodiffusion. Anti-PA-specific IgG assignment (in micrograms per milliliter) was done by consensus of two complementary approaches: homologous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with affinity-purified anti-PA IgG as a calibrator and summation of mean PA-specific IgG subclass concentrations determined by IgG subclass-specific ELISA using the United States National Reference Preparation for Human Serum Proteins as a standard. The total IgG concentration assigned to AVR414 reference serum was 8.33 mg/ml. IgG subclass concentrations were the following: for IgG1, 4.48 mg/ml; for IgG2, 3.35 mg/ml; for IgG3, 0.37 mg/ml; and for IgG4, 0.30 mg/ml. The assigned mass value for total anti-PA-specific IgG was 141.2 mug/ml. Anti-PA-specific IgG subclass concentrations were the following: for IgG1, 79.6 mug/ml; for IgG2, 35.3 mug/ml; for IgG3, 3.2 mug/ml; and for IgG4, 25.3 mug/ml. Human reference serum pool AVR414 will have direct application in the standardization of anthrax serological assays, in reagent qualification, and as a standard for quantification of PA-specific IgG in humans who have been vaccinated with or otherwise exposed to Bacillus anthracis PA. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Microbial Pathogenesis & Immune Response Lab, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Microbial Pathogenesis & Immune Response Lab, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mail Stop D-01, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM vas7@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 919 EP 923 DI 10.1128/CDLI.11.5.919-923.2004 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 856LJ UT WOS:000224046400016 PM 15358653 ER PT J AU Ajani, UA Ford, ES Mokdad, AH AF Ajani, UA Ford, ES Mokdad, AH TI Prevalence of high C-reactive protein in persons with serum lipid concentrations within recommended values SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; GENERAL-POPULATION; PRIMARY PREVENTION; WEIGHT-LOSS; US ADULTS; INFLAMMATION; RISK; PREDICTION; MARKERS AB Background: C-Reactive protein (CRP) has been shown to be a strong predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD) and is being considered in cardiovascular disease risk assessment. The number of normolipidemic individuals who are eligible for evaluation of CRP in overall CHD risk assessment is not known. Methods: We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000 and computed the prevalence of high CRP (>3 mg/L) among normolipidemic adults. We also computed the prevalence among individuals free of CHD and diabetes. In addition, we examined the prevalence stratified by body mass index. Results: The prevalence of high CRP among those with lipid concentrations within recommended values ranged from 28.8% to 35.3%, depending on the lipid fraction examined. Exclusion of individuals with CHD or diabetes and those with CRP concentrations >10 mg/L reduced the prevalence range (23.1-27.1%). Prevalence increased with increasing body mass index. Conclusions: In 2000, similar to12 million adults in the United States considered normolipidemic had high CRP concentrations. Additional studies to explore the role of CRP in cardiovascular disease risk assessment are needed. (C) 2004 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ajani, UA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM uajani@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 9 BP 1618 EP 1622 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2004.036004 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 848YJ UT WOS:000223503800019 PM 15205370 ER PT J AU Aberg, JA Gallant, JE Anderson, J Oleske, JM Libman, H Currier, JS Stone, VE Kaplan, JE AF Aberg, JA Gallant, JE Anderson, J Oleske, JM Libman, H Currier, JS Stone, VE Kaplan, JE TI Primary care guidelines for the management of persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus: Recommendations of the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COMBINATION ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; B CORE ANTIGEN; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; VIROLOGICAL FAILURE; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; LACTIC ACIDEMIA; DRUG-RESISTANCE; RISK-FACTORS; VIRAL LOAD; USA PANEL C1 NYU, New York, NY USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Aberg, JA (reprint author), NYU, Bellevue Hosp Ctr, AIDS Clin Trials Unit, Bellevue C&D Bldg,Rm 558, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM judith.aberg@med.nyu.edu RI Oleske, James/C-1951-2016 OI Oleske, James/0000-0003-2305-5605 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-56933, AI-38855] NR 75 TC 111 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 5 BP 609 EP 629 DI 10.1086/423390 PG 21 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 847CU UT WOS:000223367500001 PM 15356773 ER PT J AU Dowell, SF Simmerman, JM Erdman, DD Wu, JSJ Chaovavanich, A Javadi, M Yang, JY Anderson, LJ Tong, SX Ho, MS AF Dowell, SF Simmerman, JM Erdman, DD Wu, JSJ Chaovavanich, A Javadi, M Yang, JY Anderson, LJ Tong, SX Ho, MS TI Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus on hospital surfaces SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CARE-UNIT; SARS; OUTBREAK; TRANSMISSION; SURVIVAL AB Background. Health care workers continued to contract severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), even after barrier precautions were widely implemented. Methods. We explored the possible contribution of contaminated hospital surfaces to SARS transmission by swabbing surfaces in 2 hospitals and testing the swab samples by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and viral culture. Results. Twenty-six of 94 swab samples tested positive for viral RNA. Swab samples of respiratory secretions from each of the 4 patients examined tested positive by RT-PCR, as were 12 of 43 swabs from patient rooms and 10 of 47 swabs from other parts of the hospital, including the computer mouses at 2 nursing stations and the handrail of the public elevator. Specimens from areas with patients with SARS in the most infectious phase of illness (days 5-15 after onset) were more likely to be RNA positive than were swab specimens from elsewhere (24 of 63 samples vs. 2 of 31 samples; P=.001). All cultures showed no growth. Conclusions. Although the viruses identified may have been noninfectious, health care workers should be aware that SARS coronavirus can contaminate environmental surfaces in the hospital, and fomites should be considered to be a possible mode of transmission of SARS. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Taipei, Taiwan. Acad Sinica, Inst Biomed Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Dowell, SF (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, Int Emerging Infect Program, Bldg 7,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM scottd@tuc.or.th RI WU, Jiunn-Shyan/C-1855-2008 NR 17 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 5 BP 652 EP 657 DI 10.1086/422652 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 847CU UT WOS:000223367500006 PM 15356778 ER PT J AU Hynes, M Robertson, K Ward, J Crouse, C AF Hynes, M Robertson, K Ward, J Crouse, C TI A determination of the prevalence of gender-based violence among conflict-affected populations in East Timor SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE East Timor; gender-based violence; intimate partner violence; survey research ID INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE; SEXUAL VIOLENCE; HEALTH; WOMEN AB The Reproductive Health Response in Conflict (RHRC) Consortium designed a standardised questionnaire to measure gender-based violence (GBV) prevalence in conflict-affected settings. A preliminary field test was undertaken July-August 2002 in one urban and one rural district in East Timor to assess the prevalence of GBV among women 18-49 years of age during and after conflict. The field test used a cross-sectional survey design with a two-stage random selection process. During the year preceding East Timor's 1999 crisis, 23.8 per cent of respondents reported physical assault by an intimate partner; this rate was not significantly different in the year preceding the survey (24.8 per cent). Assault by perpetrators outside the family declined significantly from 24.2 per cent during the crisis to 5.8 per cent post-crisis for physical assault (p<.001) and 22.7 per cent during the crisis to 9.7 per cent post-crisis for sexual assault (p=0.046). The field test stimulated and informed additional research in East Timor, and the complementary findings of these research initiatives continue to be used to develop local policies and programming to prevent and address GBV. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hynes, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE MS K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM yzh7@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 2004 VL 28 IS 3 BP 294 EP 321 DI 10.1111/j.0361-3666.2004.00260.x PG 28 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 851UU UT WOS:000223712100006 PM 15344943 ER PT J AU Varma, JK Katsitadze, G Moiscrafishvili, M Zardiashvili, T Chokheli, M Tarkhashvili, N Jhorjholiani, E Chubinidze, M Kukhalashvili, T Khmaladze, I Chakvetadze, N Imnadze, P Sobel, J AF Varma, JK Katsitadze, G Moiscrafishvili, M Zardiashvili, T Chokheli, M Tarkhashvili, N Jhorjholiani, E Chubinidze, M Kukhalashvili, T Khmaladze, I Chakvetadze, N Imnadze, P Sobel, J TI Foodborne botulism in the republic of Georgia SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TBILISI AB Foodborne botulism is a potentially fatal, paralytic illness that can cause large outbreaks. A possible increase in botulism incidence during 2001 in the Republic of Georgia prompted this study. We reviewed surveillance data and abstracted records of patients with botulism who were hospitalized from 1980 to 2002. During this period, 879 botulism cases were detected. The median annual incidence increased from 0.3 per 100,000 during 1980 to 1990 to 0.9 per 100,000 during 1991 to 2002. For 706 botulism patients hospitalized from 1980 to 2002, 80% of their cases were attributed to home-preserved vegetables. Surveillance evaluation verified that botulism incidence varied greatly by region. Georgia has the highest nationally reported rate of foodborne botulism in the world. A strategy addressing individual behaviors in the home is needed to improve food safety; developing this strategy requires a deeper understanding of why botulism has increased and varies by region. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Dis Control, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. RP Varma, JK (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, 4th Floor,Bldg 7,Soi 4,Tivanon Rd, Muang 11000, Nonthaburi, Thailand. EM jvarma@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2004 VL 10 IS 9 BP 1601 EP 1605 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 852FH UT WOS:000223740200012 PM 15498162 ER PT J AU Sobel, J Tucker, N Sulka, A McLaughlin, J Maslanka, S AF Sobel, J Tucker, N Sulka, A McLaughlin, J Maslanka, S TI Foodborne botulism in the United States, 1990-2000 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ADULT BOTULISM; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Foodborne botulism, a potentially lethal neuroparalytic disease, is caused by ingesting preformed Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin. We reviewed surveillance data and reports from 1990 to 2000. Of 263 cases from 160 foodborne botulism events (episode of one or more related cases) in the United States, 103 (39%) cases and 58 events occurred in Alaska. Patients' median age was 48 years; 154 (59%) were female; the case-fatality rate was 4%. The median number of cases per event was 1 (range 1-17). Toxin type A caused 51% of all cases; toxin type E caused 90% of Alaska cases. A particular food was implicated in 126 (79%) events. In the lower 49 states, a noncommercial food item was implicated in 70 (91%) events, most commonly home-canned vegetables (44%). Two restaurant-associated outbreaks affected 25 persons. All Alaska cases were attributable to traditional Alaska Native foods. Botulism prevention efforts should be focused on those who preserve food at home, Alaska Natives, and restaurant workers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Alaska State Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Sobel, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jsobel@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 92 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 8 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2004 VL 10 IS 9 BP 1606 EP 1611 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 852FH UT WOS:000223740200013 PM 15498163 ER PT J AU Trick, WE Zagorski, BM Tokars, JI Vernon, MO Welbel, SF Wisniewski, MF Richards, C Weinstein, RA AF Trick, WE Zagorski, BM Tokars, JI Vernon, MO Welbel, SF Wisniewski, MF Richards, C Weinstein, RA TI Computer algorithms to detect bloodstream infections SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; SURVEILLANCE; BACTEREMIA; PROGRAM; SYSTEM; RATES; SITE AB We compared manual and computer-assisted bloodstream infection surveillance for adult inpatients at two hospitals. We identified hospital-acquired, primary, central-venous catheter (CVC)-associated bloodstream infections by using five methods: retrospective, manual record review by investigators; prospective, manual review by infection control professionals; positive blood culture plus manual CVC determination; computer algorithms; and computer algorithms and manual CVC determination. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, plus the kappa statistic (kappa) between investigator review and other methods, and we correlated infection rates for seven units. The kappa value was 0.37 for infection control review, 0.48 for positive blood culture plus manual CVC determination, 0.49 for computer algorithm, and 0.73 for computer algorithm plus manual CVC determination. Unit-specific infection rates, per 1,000 patient days, were 1.0-12.5 by investigator review and 1.4-10.2 by computer algorithm (correlation r = 0.91, p = 0.004). Automated bloodstream infection surveillance with electronic data is an accurate alternative to surveillance with manually collected data. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Chicago Antimicrobial Resistance Project, Chicago, IL USA. Cook Cty Hosp, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Trick, WE (reprint author), Collaborat Res Unit, Suite 1600,1900 W Polk St, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM wtrick@cchil.org FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU515853] NR 23 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2004 VL 10 IS 9 BP 1612 EP 1620 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 852FH UT WOS:000223740200014 PM 15498164 ER PT J AU Bayard, V Kitsutani, PT Barria, EO Ruedas, LA Tinnin, DS Munoz, C de Mosca, IB Guerrero, G Kant, R Garcia, A Caceres, L Gracia, FG Quiroz, E Castillo, ZC Armien, B Libel, M Mills, JN Khan, AS Nichol, ST Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Peters, CJ AF Bayard, V Kitsutani, PT Barria, EO Ruedas, LA Tinnin, DS Munoz, C de Mosca, IB Guerrero, G Kant, R Garcia, A Caceres, L Gracia, FG Quiroz, E Castillo, ZC Armien, B Libel, M Mills, JN Khan, AS Nichol, ST Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Peters, CJ TI Outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Los Santos, Panama, 1999-2000 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; CREEK-CANAL VIRUS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; WESTERN PARAGUAY; ANDES-VIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; ARGENTINA; DISEASE; RESERVOIR AB An outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome occurred in the province of Los Santos, Panama, in late 1999 and early 2000, Eleven cases were identified; 9 were confirmed by serology. Three cases were fatal; however, no confirmed case-patient died. Case-neighborhood serologic surveys resulted in an overall hantavirus antibody prevalence of 13% among household and neighborhood members from the outbreak foci. Epidemiologic investigations did not suggest person-to-person transmission of hantavirus infection. By use of Sin Nombre virus antigen, hantavirus antibodies were detected in Oligoryzomys fulvescens and Zygodontomys brevicauda cherriei. This outbreak resulted in the first documented cases of human hantavirus infections in Central America. C1 Gorgas Mem Inst Hlth Studies, Panama City, Panama. Univ Panama, Panama City, Panama. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Minist Hlth, Panama City, Panama. Complejo Hosp AAM, Panama City, Panama. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. Univ Texas, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Kitsutani, PT (reprint author), Natl Inst Infect Dis, Shinjuku Ku, Toyama 1-23-1, Tokyo 1628640, Japan. EM kitsu@nih.go.jp NR 41 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2004 VL 10 IS 9 BP 1635 EP 1642 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 852FH UT WOS:000223740200017 PM 15498167 ER PT J AU Louie, JK Gavali, SS Belay, ED Trevejo, R Hammond, LH Schonberger, LB Vugia, DJ AF Louie, JK Gavali, SS Belay, ED Trevejo, R Hammond, LH Schonberger, LB Vugia, DJ TI Barriers to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease autopsies, California SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) surveillance relies on autopsy and neuropathologic evaluation. The 1990-2000 CJD autopsy rate in California was 21%. Most neurologists were comfortable diagnosing CJD (83%), but few pathologists felt comfortable diagnosing CJD (35%) or performing autopsy (29%). Addressing obstacles to autopsy is necessary to improve CJD surveillance. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Calif Emerging Infect Program, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Calif Emerging Infect Program, Richmond, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Louie, JK (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Calif Emerging Infect Program, 2151 Berkeley Way,Room 716, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. EM jlouie@dhs.ca.gov RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2004 VL 10 IS 9 BP 1677 EP 1680 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 852FH UT WOS:000223740200027 PM 15498177 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, JB Sobel, J Lynn, T Funk, E Middaugh, JP AF McLaughlin, JB Sobel, J Lynn, T Funk, E Middaugh, JP TI Botulism type E outbreak associated with eating a beached whale, Alaska SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEART-DISEASE; NATIVES; MORTALITY; TOXIN; RISK AB We report an outbreak of botulism that occurred in July 2002 in a group of 12 Alaskan Yu'pik Eskimos who ate blubber and skin from a beached beluga whale. Botulism death rates among Alaska Natives have declined in the last 20 years, yet incidence has increased. C1 Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McLaughlin, JB (reprint author), Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Div Publ Hlth, 3601 C St,Suite 540, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM joe_mclaughlin@health.state.ak.us NR 14 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2004 VL 10 IS 9 BP 1685 EP 1687 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 852FH UT WOS:000223740200029 PM 15498179 ER PT J AU Stockman, LJ Lowther, SA Coy, K Saw, J Parashar, UD AF Stockman, LJ Lowther, SA Coy, K Saw, J Parashar, UD TI SARS during pregnancy, United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Santa Clara Cty Dept Publ Hlth, San Jose, CA USA. RP Stockman, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E78, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bgu8@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2004 VL 10 IS 9 BP 1689 EP 1690 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 852FH UT WOS:000223740200031 PM 15503406 ER PT J AU Warner, M Samuels, S Mocarelli, P Gerthoux, PM Needham, L Patterson, DG Eskenazi, B AF Warner, M Samuels, S Mocarelli, P Gerthoux, PM Needham, L Patterson, DG Eskenazi, B TI Serum dioxin concentrations and age at menarche SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; FEMALE RATS; IN-UTERO; HOLTZMAN RATS; EXPOSURE; OVULATION; SEVESO; MODULATION; MATURATION AB 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a widespread environmental contaminant, is associated with delays in pubertal development in animal studies. On 10 July 1976, as a result of a chemical explosion, residents of Seveso, Italy, experienced the highest levels of TCDD exposure experienced by a human population. Twenty years later, we initiated the Seveso Women's Health Study (SWHS), a retrospective cohort study of female residents of the most contaminated areas, to determine whether the women were at higher risk for reproductive disease. We examined the association of TCDD serum levels, based on measurements in serum collected soon after the explosion, with reported age at menarche among the 282 SWHS women who were premenarcheal at the time of the explosion. We found no change in risk of onset of menarche with a 10-fold increase in TCDD (e.g., 10-100 ppt; hazard ratio = 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-1.09; p-value for trend = 0.46). When TCDD levels were categorized, there was also no evidence of a dose-response trend (p = 0.65). In summary, we found that individual serum TCDD measurements are not significantly related to age at menarche among women in the SWHS cohort. The women in this study experienced substantial TCDD exposure during the postnatal but prepubertal developmental period. Given that animal evidence suggests in utero exposure has the most significant effect on onset of puberty, continued follow-up of the offspring of the SWHS cohort is important. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Div Occupat Environm Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA USA. Hosp Desio, Sch Med, Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Dept Lab Med, I-20122 Milan, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Warner, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 2150 Shattuck Ave,Suite 600, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mwarner@calmail.berkeley.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 FU FIC NIH HHS [F06 TW0207501]; NIEHS NIH HHS [2P30-ES001896-17, R01 ES07171] NR 29 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 112 IS 13 BP 1289 EP 1292 DI 10.1289/ehp.7004 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 863FS UT WOS:000224547000028 PM 15345341 ER PT J AU Alaluusua, S Calderara, P Gerthoux, PM Lukinmaa, PL Kovero, O Needham, L Patterson, DG Tuomisto, J Mocareili, P AF Alaluusua, S Calderara, P Gerthoux, PM Lukinmaa, PL Kovero, O Needham, L Patterson, DG Tuomisto, J Mocareili, P TI Developmental dental aberrations after the dioxin accident in seveso SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID MOLAR TOOTH DEVELOPMENT; MOUSE EMBRYONIC TEETH; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; IN-UTERO; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN EXPOSURE; INCISOR TOOTH; TCDD; TOXICITY AB Children's developing teeth may be sensitive to environmental dioxins, and in animal studies developing teeth are one of the most sensitive targets of toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Twenty-five years after the dioxin accident in Seveso, Italy, 48 subjects from the contaminated areas (zones A and B) and in patches lightly contaminated (zone R) were recruited for the examination of dental and oral aberrations. Subjects were randomly invited from those exposed in their childhood and for whom frozen serum samples were available. The subjects were frequency matched with 65 subjects from the surrounding non-ABR zone for age, sex, and education. Concentrations of TCDD in previously analyzed plasma samples (zone ABR subjects only) ranged from 23 to 26,000 ng/kg in serum lipid. Ninety-three percent (25 of 27) of the subjects who had developmental enamel defects had been <5 years of age at the time of the accident. The prevalence of defects in this age group was 42% (15 of 36) in zone ABR subjects and 26% (10 of 39) in zone non-ABR subjects, correlating with serum TCDD levels (p = 0.016). Hypodontia was seen in 12.5% (6 of 48) and 4.6% (3 of 65) of the zone ABR and non-ABR subjects, respectively, also correlating with serum TCDD level (p = 0.05). In conclusion, developmental dental aberrations were associated with childhood exposure to TCDD. In contrast, dental caries and periodontal disease, both infectious in nature, and oral pigmentation and salivary flow rate were not related to the exposure. The results support our hypothesis that dioxins can interfere with human organogenesis. C1 Univ Helsinki, Inst Dent, Dept Pedodont & Orthodont, Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Univ, Cent Hosp, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Dis, Helsinki, Finland. Univ Milan, Desio Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Bicocca, Italy. Univ Helsinki, Inst Dent, Dept Oral Pathol, Helsinki, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Dept Pathol, Helsinki, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Inst Dent, Dept Radiol, Helsinki, Finland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Kuopio, Dept Publ Hlth & Gen Practice, Kuopio, Finland. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Environm Hlth, Helsinki, Finland. RP Alaluusua, S (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Inst Dent, Dept Pedodont & Orthodont, POB 41, Helsinki, Finland. EM satu.alaluusua@helsinki.fi RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 57 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 112 IS 13 BP 1313 EP 1318 DI 10.1289/ehp.6920 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 863FS UT WOS:000224547000032 PM 15345345 ER PT J AU Kalra, P Srinivasan, S Ivey, S Greenlund, K AF Kalra, P Srinivasan, S Ivey, S Greenlund, K TI Knowledge and practice: The risk of cardiovascular disease among Asian Indians. Results from focus groups conducted in Asian Indian communities in northern California SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Asian Indians; cardiovascular risk; focus groups; interventions; stress ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ETHNIC-GROUPS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; EUROPEAN ORIGIN; MEN; HYPERTENSION; AMERICANS; MORTALITY; CANADIANS; CHINESE AB Objective: The focus groups were utilized to gather information on the perceptions of cardiovascular risk within the Asian Indian community, and to identify opportunities to design health promotion and intervention programs for Asian Indian communities. Design: Qualitative methods were utilized to obtain perceptions of cardiovascular risk within 3 Asian Indian communities. Eight focus groups were conducted in either English or Punjabi. Setting: These focus groups were conducted as part of a 3-year community-based participatory research project examining cardiovascular risk factors among the Asian Indian population in Northern California. Participants: Focus group participants were selected through referrals from community-based organizations, postings in local community centers, and businesses. Fifty-seven men and women were recruited using snowball sampling. Results: Six themes emerged from the focus groups: knowledge of cardiovascular disease, health and cultural concerns regarding diet, physical activity levels, stress as a factor for cardiovascular disease, acculturation concerns, and cardiovascular prevention ideas. Conclusions: The use of focus groups was an effective method for gathering information on perceptions of cardiovascular risk, and collecting information on risk behaviors within these Asian Indian communities. In this study, we found that psychosocial and cultural factors, especially cultural issues concerning stress and acculturation, surfaced as key elements across all 8 focus groups. C1 VA Palo Alto Healthcare Syst, Ctr Hlth Care Evaluat, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Family & Community Hlth, Berkeley, CA USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kalra, P (reprint author), VA Palo Alto Healthcare Syst, Ctr Hlth Care Evaluat, 795 Willow Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM Preety.Kalra@med.va.gov FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU909706-08] NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 497 EP 504 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 866GK UT WOS:000224761800006 PM 15724768 ER PT J AU Zhang, LY Jejeebhoy, S Shah, IH Zhang, LH Hsia, J Im-Em, W AF Zhang, LY Jejeebhoy, S Shah, IH Zhang, LH Hsia, J Im-Em, W TI Access to contraceptive services among unmarried young people in the north-east of China SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CONTRACEPTION AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE LA English DT Article DE sexually transmitted diseases; HIV/AIDS; contraceptive use; reproductive health; youth; China ID BEHAVIOR; WOMEN AB Objective The concerns about the potential threats of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have increased, since, in China, there is a lack of sexual education and condom use is rare. A community-based survey was conducted in September 2001 in Changchun city among 1227 unmarried young people aged 15-24 years (619 males and 608 females) to assess risky sexual practices and the obstacles to accessing appropriate contraceptive and other services. Method The study comprised a survey employing self-administered questionnaires, as well as key informant interviews, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. This paper investigates the factors associated with young people's access to contraceptive services. Results Results showed that 16% of young people had experienced premarital sexual intercourse and, among them, only 48.2% used contraceptive methods during the first sexual intercourse; 29.9% used a condom. Drug stores were the main source of contraceptives. Conclusions While data are sparse, findings suggest that the hostile and judgmental attitudes of providers, as well as the lack of counseling and privacy, were the key obstacles that unmarried youth encountered in their search for contraceptive services. Findings suggest the need for a reorientation of the contraceptive services to focus on unmarried youth, and generally to make contraceptive services more accessible to young people. C1 Mahidol Univ, Inst Populat & Social Res, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand. Shandong Inst Populat & Family Planning Res, Shandong, Peoples R China. World Hlth Org, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, Shandong, Peoples R China. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zhang, LY (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Inst Populat & Social Res, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP PI LANCASTER PA RICHMOND HOUSE, WHITE CROSS, SOUTH ROAD, LANCASTER LA1 4XQ, ENGLAND SN 1362-5187 J9 EUR J CONTRACEP REPR JI Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Health Care PD SEP PY 2004 VL 9 IS 3 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1080/13625180400007181 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 873IP UT WOS:000225273400004 PM 15697104 ER PT J AU Cunnington, MC Weil, JG Cragan, J AF Cunnington, M. C. Weil, J. G. Cragan, J. TI The generation of pregnancy outcome data SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Worldwide Epidemiol, Harlow, Essex, England. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1351-5101 J9 EUR J NEUROL JI Eur. J. Neurol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 11 SU 2 BP 165 EP 166 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA V44GV UT WOS:000202992100609 ER PT J AU Williams, DH Land, SA Han, M Sutton, PD Brannigan, RE AF Williams, DH Land, SA Han, M Sutton, PD Brannigan, RE TI Paternity rates in the US 1993-2002: Analysis of birth rates by paternal age and race. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 16-20, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Reprod Med C1 Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 MA O51 BP S20 EP S20 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.056 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 855YM UT WOS:000224010800051 ER PT J AU Vanable, PA McKirnan, DJ Buchbinder, SP Bartholow, BN Douglas, JM Judson, FN MacQueen, KM AF Vanable, PA McKirnan, DJ Buchbinder, SP Bartholow, BN Douglas, JM Judson, FN MacQueen, KM TI Alcohol use and high-risk sexual behavior among men who have sex with men: The effects of consumption level and partner type SO HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; alcohol use; sexual risk behavior; partner type; social context; gay men ID HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; CONDOM USE; SUBSTANCE USE; BISEXUAL MEN; HIV SEROCONVERSION; VACCINE TRIALS; UNITED-STATES; YOUNG-ADULTS; UNSAFE SEX; GAY AB Alcohol use may increase HIV sexual risk behavior, although findings have varied across study populations and methods. Using event-level data from 1,712 seronegative men who have sex with men, the authors tested the hypothesis that social context would moderate the effect of alcohol consumption on unprotected anal sex (UAS). For encounters involving a primary partner, rates of UAS did not vary as a function of alcohol use. However, consumption of 4 or more drinks tripled the likelihood of UAS for episodes involving a nonprimary partner. Thus, the effects of alcohol vary according to the context in which it is used. Interventions to reduce substance-related risk should be tailored to the demands of maintaining sexual safety with nonprimary partners. C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Psychol, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Syracuse Univ, Ctr Hlth & Behav, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Psychol, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO USA. RP Vanable, PA (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Psychol, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM pvanable@psych.syr.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU502714, U64/CCU802715, U64/CCU900523] NR 42 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0278-6133 J9 HEALTH PSYCHOL JI Health Psychol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 23 IS 5 BP 525 EP 532 DI 10.1037/0278-6133.23.5.525 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 849LY UT WOS:000223541300010 PM 15367072 ER PT J AU Kuffner, T Whitworth, W Jairam, M McNicholl, J AF Kuffner, T Whitworth, W Jairam, M McNicholl, J TI HLA-DQB1 and -DRB1 Allele frequencies in an African American population from Southeastern USA SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McNicholl, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM km7@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 65 IS 9-10 SI SI BP 1199 EP 1199 DI 10.1016/j.humimm.2004.08.158 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 861HQ UT WOS:000224407100149 ER PT J AU Dolan, MC Piesman, J Schneider, BS Schriefer, M Brandt, K Zeidner, NS AF Dolan, MC Piesman, J Schneider, BS Schriefer, M Brandt, K Zeidner, NS TI Comparison of disseminated and nondisseminated strains of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto in mice naturally infected by tick bite SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; UNITED-STATES; OSPA; ASSOCIATION; IXODIDAE; SEVERITY; ACARI AB Clinical isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto have been categorized into disseminated and nondisseminated groups based on distinct ribosomal spacer restriction fragment length polymorphism genotypes (RSTs). In order to determine whether transmission by tick bite would alter the dissemination dynamics and disease produced by distinct genotypes, disseminated isolates (RST1), nondisseminated isolates (RST3), and a standard laboratory strain (B-31) were established in a murine cycle utilizing infections transmitted by ticks. B-31 spirochetes circulated in the blood of inbred C3H/HeJ mice longer than in the blood of outbred mice. The majority of C3H mice exposed to RST1-infected ticks contained cultivable spirochetes in their blood for up to 17 days; in contrast, mice exposed to RST3 isolates demonstrated a precipitous decline in infection after day 7 postexposure. A quantitative PCR (q-PCR) assay demonstrated that the densities of spirochetes in blood were similar for the RST1 and RST3 isolates, except during the 2nd week postexposure, when the RST1 isolates displayed a markedly higher density in blood. Spirochete load in the heart and bladder of infected mice was measured by q-PCR at 8 weeks postexposure; the numbers of spirochetes in these tissues were similar for mice infected with either disseminated or nondisseminated strains. Similarly, histopathology samples of heart, bladder, and joint tissue obtained at 8 weeks postexposure did not reveal greater pathology in mice infected with the disseminated isolates. We conclude that although the spirochetemia induced by tick-transmitted disseminated isolates was more intense and of longer duration than that induced by nondisseminated isolates, the resultant pathologies produced by these strains were ultimately similar. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Expt Pathol, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. RP Dolan, MC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087,Rampart Rd,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM mcd4@cdc.gov OI Schneider, Bradley S/0000-0001-7642-0018 NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 72 IS 9 BP 5262 EP 5266 DI 10.1128/IAI.72.9.5262-5266.2004 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 849ZM UT WOS:000223580400038 PM 15322021 ER PT J AU Linkin, DR Fishman, NO Patel, JB Merrill, JD Lautenbach, E AF Linkin, DR Fishman, NO Patel, JB Merrill, JD Lautenbach, E TI Risk factors for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae in a neonatal intensive care unit SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INFECTION; COLONIZATION; IMPACT; RESISTANCE; OUTBREAK AB Risk factors for colonization or infection with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae during an outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) included low gestational age and exposure to third-generation cephalosporins. We also reviewed the existing medical literature regarding the clinical epidemiology of ESBLs in NICUs. C1 Univ Penn, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Ctr Educ & Res Therapeut,Ctr Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Div Neonatol, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Linkin, DR (reprint author), Univ Penn, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Ctr Educ & Res Therapeut,Ctr Epidemiol & Biostat, 502 Johnson Pavil,MC 6073, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. FU AHRQ HHS [HS10399] NR 11 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 25 IS 9 BP 781 EP 783 DI 10.1086/502477 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 854DF UT WOS:000223880100015 PM 15484805 ER PT J AU Sands, BE Cuffari, C Katz, J Kugathasan, S Onken, J Vitek, C Orenstein, W AF Sands, BE Cuffari, C Katz, J Kugathasan, S Onken, J Vitek, C Orenstein, W TI Guidelines for immunizations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease SO INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Crohn's disease; ulcerative colitis; inflammatory bowel disease; vaccination; immunization; immune suppression ID MEASLES-VIRUS INFECTION; SYSTEMIC LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; LIVER-TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CROHNS-DISEASE; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; INFLUENZA VACCINE; T-CELLS; VARICELLA AB During the past 2 decades, medical therapy for Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) has grown to incorporate a variety of immune-suppressing agents. At the same time, basic insights into the aberrant mucosal immune response underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have expanded dramatically. The interplay of host susceptibility to infection and the safety and efficacy of immunization for vaccine-preventable diseases has been explored in other immune-mediated disease states but only rarely in IBD. The purpose of this review is to formulate best-practice recommendations for immunization in children and adults with IBD by considering the effects of the IBD disease state and its treatments on both the safety and efficacy of immunization. To do so, we first considered the routine recommendations for immunization of children, adults and distinct populations at increased risk for vaccine-preventable disease. Because it was rarely possible to examine direct data on safety and efficacy of immunization in IBD populations, we relied to a large extent upon extrapolation from similar Populations and from knowledge of basic mechanisms. The literature suggests that efficacy of immunization may be diminished in some patients whose immune status is compromised by immune suppression. However, except for live agent vaccines, most immunizations may be safely administered to patients with IBD even when immune compromised. Conversely, protection against vaccine-preventable illness may be of even greater benefit to those at risk for morbid or lethal complications of infections because of an immune compromised state. We Conclude that for most patients with IBD, recommendations for immunization do not deviate from recommended schedules for the general population. C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Gastrointestinal Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Univ Hosp Cleveland, Div Gastroenterol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Cleveland, OH USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Pediat, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Div Gastroenterol, Durham, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Crohns & Colitis Fdn Amer, New York, NY USA. RP Sands, BE (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Gastrointestinal Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NR 63 TC 125 Z9 133 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-0998 J9 INFLAMM BOWEL DIS JI Inflamm. Bowel Dis. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 10 IS 5 BP 677 EP 692 DI 10.1097/00054725-200409000-00028 PG 16 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 853DY UT WOS:000223807900028 PM 15472534 ER PT J AU Kumar, KK Kumar, KR Ashrit, RG Deshpande, NR Hansen, JW AF Kumar, KK Kumar, KR Ashrit, RG Deshpande, NR Hansen, JW TI Climate impacts on Indian agriculture SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate-agriculture; ENSO; Indian monsoon rainfall; seasonal forecasts; climate-applications ID NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; FOODGRAIN PRODUCTION; MONSOON RAINFALL; PREDICTION AB Agriculture (arguably the backbone of India's economy) is highly dependent on the spatial and temporal distribution of monsoon rainfall. This paper presents an analysis of crop-climate relationships for India, using historic production statistics for major crops (rice, wheat, sorghum, groundnut and sugarcane) and for aggregate food grain, cereal, pulses and oilseed production. Correlation analysis provides an indication of the influence of monsoon rainfall and some of its potential predictors (Pacific and Indian Ocean sea-surface temperatures, Darwin sea-level pressure) on crop production. All-India annual total production (except sorghum and sugarcane), and production in the monsoon (except sorghum) and post-monsoon seasons (except rice and sorghum) were significantly correlated to all-India summer monsoon rainfall. Monsoon season crops (except sorghum) were strongly associated with the three potential monsoon predictors. Results using state-level crop production statistics and subdivisional monsoon rainfall were generally consistent with the all-India results, but demonstrated some surprising spatial variations. Whereas the impact of subdivisional monsoon rainfall is strong in most of the country, the influence of concurrent predictors related to El Niho-southern oscillation and the Indian Ocean sea-surface temperatures at a long lead time seem greatest in the western to central peninsula. Copyright (C) 2004 Royal Meteorological Society. C1 Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. Int Res Inst Climate Predict, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Kumar, KK (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES, CDC, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM krishna@tropmet.res.in RI Hansen, James/M-1449-2015 OI Hansen, James/0000-0002-8599-7895 NR 23 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 5 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 24 IS 11 BP 1375 EP 1393 DI 10.1002/joc.1081 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 853ZU UT WOS:000223870400005 ER PT J AU Etherton, J McKenzie, EA Lutz, T Cantis, D Kau, TY AF Etherton, J McKenzie, EA Lutz, T Cantis, D Kau, TY TI An initial farmer evaluation of a NIOSH AutoROPS prototype SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE ROPS; passive protection; evaluation; design; usability AB This evaluation study is a part of the NIOSH safety engineering research program on developing new types of rollover protective structures (ROPS) for farm tractors. Each year hundreds of people die as a result of agricultural tractor rollovers. The use of rollover protective structures (ROPS), along with seat belts, is the best-known method for reducing the frequency of these fatalities. One impediment to ROPS use, however, is low clearance situations, such as orchards and animal confinement buildings. Adjustable ROPS have been developed by the agricultural equipment industry to address the issue of low clearance situations. If these adjustable ROPS are used properly, they are quite effective systems. The problem is that they require the operator to take an active role in making sure the ROPS is properly adjusted when not in a low clearance situation-a task some operators may not consistently perform. To address the need for ROPS that are easily adapted to low clearance situations, NIOSH researchers have developed an automatically deploying, telescoping ROPS (AutoROPS). The objective of this study was to get an initial measurement of the usability of the NIOSH AutoROPS among tractor operators who would be probable users of this new technology. The study was not intended to evaluate all of the factors in the use of the AutoROPS. This study only examines whether farmers had an initial positive interest in this new concept for preventing tractor rollover-related fatalities. The procedure for comparing the AutoROPS prototype with a foldable ROPS was of a general nature. What was being sought were general opinions about the concept. A cost comparison was not a factor in this study. However, cost-effectiveness is an important criterion in the NIOSH design. The farmer group was of the opinion that the AutoROPS deployment is more effective than the manual ROPS alternative (p<0.0001) and that the protection effectiveness provided by AutoROPS will be superior to the protection provided by manual ROPS (p<0.01). Of great prevention importance was the increase in interest in purchasing a tractor with an AutoROPS compared to purchasing a tractor with manual ROPS (p<0.0001). This result indicates that this new technology may successfully achieve wide use on the farm. Farmer opinions indicate the need for further design work to improve seating restraint and the method for lowering the structure. Based on the results of this study, NIOSH will be able to make recommendations to companies interested in developing and manufacturing an AutoROPS for the farm workplace. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Etherton, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM jrel@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-8141 J9 INT J IND ERGONOM JI Int. J. Ind. Ergon. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 34 IS 3 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.ergon.2004.03.007 PG 11 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA 874AV UT WOS:000225324200001 ER PT J AU Abdullah, ASM Hedley, AJ Fielding, R Ebrahim, SH AF Abdullah, ASM Hedley, AJ Fielding, R Ebrahim, SH TI Determinants of HIV antibody testing among selected groups of Chinese residents in Hong Kong SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE Chinese; Hong Kong; determinants; HIV; testing ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; YOUNG-ADULTS; TRANSMISSION; ADOLESCENTS; PREVENTION; SWEDEN; TRENDS; WOMEN; RISK AB HIV testing is promoted to the public as a tool for HIV prevention in many countries. However, the patterns and determinants of HIV antibody testing among the Chinese people are unknown. To describe the prevalence and determinants of HIV antibody testing amongst the Hong Kong Chinese a cross-sectional anonymous survey was carried out among 1027 subjects from different population groups (airport travellers, business sector workers, service sector workers, university staff, and STD clinic attendees). Subjects were categorized into either 'STD population' (respondents from STD clinics) versus 'all others' (respondents from other settings) groups. Forty-five percent of the respondents reported ever having had a test for HIV antibody. 'STD population' group members were almost three times more likely to have had an HIV test than were 'all others' group members (77% vs 20%). After adjustments, 'STD population' group members who reported having tested for HIV were more often aged 45 years or older, alcohol drinkers, with high self-efficacy scores, and inconsistent condom users; members in the 'all others' group, more often had had sex with strangers, drank alcohol, and favoured having multiple sex partners. Awareness among the public about the risk behaviours for HIV should be enhanced and efforts should be made to reduce high-risk behaviours among those tested by emphasizing the importance of maintaining safer sex behaviour and having follow-up tests during post-test counselling. C1 Univ Hong Kong, Dept Community Med, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Abdullah, ASM (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Community Med, 5F Acad Block,New Med Complex,21 Sassoon Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM commed@hkucc.hku.hk RI Fielding, Richard/C-4268-2009; Hedley, Anthony/C-4305-2009; Hedley, Anthony/A-9113-2013 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD SEP PY 2004 VL 15 IS 9 BP 608 EP 614 DI 10.1258/0956462041724307 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 854OM UT WOS:000223913200009 PM 15339369 ER PT J AU Shewmaker, PL Steigerwalt, AG Morey, RE Carvalho, MD Elliott, JA Joyce, K Barrett, TJ Teixeira, LM Facklam, RR AF Shewmaker, PL Steigerwalt, AG Morey, RE Carvalho, MD Elliott, JA Joyce, K Barrett, TJ Teixeira, LM Facklam, RR TI Vagococcus carniphilus sp nov., isolated from ground beef SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; AD-HOC-COMMITTEE; IDENTIFICATION; ENTEROCOCCUS; STREPTOCOCCI; STRAINS; DIFFERENTIATION; MEMBERS; ACID AB Nine enterococcus-like strains were referred to the Streptococcus Laboratory at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for further identification from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System Laboratory at the CDC. The cultures were isolated from ground beef purchased from retail in Oregon in 2000. Conventional biochemical testing and analysis of whole-cell protein electrophoretic profiles distinguished these strains from known species of enterococci and vagococci. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies revealed that these strains were most closely related to the species Vagococcus fluvialis. DNA-DNA reassociation studies confirmed that these nine strains represented a new taxon. The relative binding ratio was 87% or greater at the optimal temperature, and the divergence was less than 1% for strains hybridized against the isolate designated the type strain. DNA-DNA relatedness was 25% to V. fluvialis and 9% or less to the other three species of Vagococcus. DNA-DNA relatedness was 33% or less to the 25 currently described species of Enterococcus. On the basis of this evidence, it is proposed that these strains be classified as Vagococcus camiphilus sp. nov. The type strain of V. carniphilus is 1843-02(T) ( = ATCC BAA-640(T) = CCUG 46823(T)). The clinical significance (if any) of these strains is yet to be determined. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CNPq, Conselho Nacl Desenvolvimento Cient & Tecnol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Shewmaker, PL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM paw3@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 54 BP 1505 EP 1510 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.02908-0 PN 5 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 859JK UT WOS:000224259100012 PM 15388702 ER PT J AU Schinsky, MF Morey, RE Steigerwalt, AG Douglas, MP Wilson, RW Floyd, MM Butler, WR Daneshvar, MI Brown-Elliott, BA Richard, J McNeil, MM Brenner, DJ Brown, JM AF Schinsky, MF Morey, RE Steigerwalt, AG Douglas, MP Wilson, RW Floyd, MM Butler, WR Daneshvar, MI Brown-Elliott, BA Richard, J McNeil, MM Brenner, DJ Brown, JM TI Taxonomic variation in the Mycobacterium fortuitum third biovariant complex: description of Mycobacterium boenickei sp nov., Mycobacterium neworleansense sp nov., Mycobacterium neworleansense sp nov and Mycobacterium brisbanense sp nov and recognition of Mycobacterium porcinum from human clinical isolates SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAPIDLY GROWING MYCOBACTERIA; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; PCR AMPLIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; DNA; ACID; RHODOCOCCUS AB The Mycobacterium fortuitum third biovariant complex (sorbitol-negative and sorbitol-positive) contains unnamed taxa first characterized in 1991. These organisms can cause respiratory infections, a spectrum of soft tissue and skeletal infections, bacteraemia and disseminated disease. To evaluate this group of organisms, clinical reference isolates and the type strains of M. fortuitum third biovariant complex sorbitol-negative (n=21), M. fortuitum third biovariant complex sorbitol-positive (n=3), M. fortuitum (n=3), Mycobacterium peregrinum (pipemidic acid-susceptible) (n=1), Mycobacterium porcinum (n=1), Mycobacterium senegalense (n=2) and Mycobacterium septicum (n=1) were characterized by using conventional phenotypic (morphological, physiological and antimicrobial susceptibilities), chemotaxonomic (HPLC and cellular fatty acids) and genotypic [RFLP of the rRNA gene (ribotyping), PCR-RFLP of a 439 by segment of the 65 kDa hsp gene (PCR restriction analysis) and 16S rRNA gene sequence] analysis, DNA G+C content and DNA-DNA relatedness analyses. The results of these studies indicated that the strains comprised M. porcinum (n=13), M. septicum (n=1) and four novel closely related genetic groups within the M. fortuitum third biovariant complex: Mycobacterium boenickei sp. nov. (n=6), Mycobacterium houstonense sp. nov. (n=2), Mycobacterium neworleansense sp. nov. (n=1) and Mycobacterium brisbanense sp. nov. (n=1), with type strains ATCC 49935(T) (=W5998(T)=DSM 44677(T)), ATCC 49403(T) (=W5198(T)=DSM 44676(T)) ATCC 49404(T) (=W6705(T)=DSM 44679(T)) and ATCC 49938(T) (=W6743(T)=DSM 44680(T)), respectively. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningit & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Barnes Jewish Hosp, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Univ Texas Hlth Ctr, Ctr Pulm & Infect Dis Control, Tyler, TX 75708 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Div Aids STD,TB Lab Res, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brown, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningit & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jmb6@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 54 BP 1653 EP 1667 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.02743-0 PN 5 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 859JK UT WOS:000224259100035 PM 15388725 ER PT J AU LoBue, PA Betancourt, W Cowan, L Seli, L Peter, C Moser, KS AF LoBue, PA Betancourt, W Cowan, L Seli, L Peter, C Moser, KS TI Identification of a familial cluster of pulmonary Mycobacterium bovis disease SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; Mycobacterium bovis; molecular epidemiology; genotyping ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; STRAIN DIFFERENTIATION; SAN-DIEGO; TUBERCULOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; ENGLAND AB SETTING: Local public health department. DESIGN: Retrospective review of a cluster of three pulmonary Mycobacterium bovis cases occurring in a family, with genotyping of M. bovis strains isolated from the family members. R E S U LT S: The genotypes of the M. bovis isolates were identical, as determined by three different methods: IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism, spoligoytping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number tandem repeat analyses. CONCLUSION: The identification of three acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear-positive pulmonary M. bovis cases, presenting in a single family and caused by an identical strain, suggests that person-to-person transmission of this organism may have occurred, although infection of one or more family members through ingestion of a contaminated dairy product could not be excluded. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Field Serv & Evaluat Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. TB Control Program, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Microbial Dis Lab, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Publ Hlth Lab, San Diego, CA USA. RP LoBue, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Field Serv & Evaluat Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Mail Stop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pg15@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1142 EP 1146 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 851JB UT WOS:000223680300018 PM 15455603 ER PT J AU Vanichseni, S Des Jarlais, DC Choopanya, K Mock, PA Kitayaporn, D Sangkhum, U Prasithiphol, B Hu, DJ van Griensven, F Mastro, TD Tappero, JW AF Vanichseni, S Des Jarlais, DC Choopanya, K Mock, PA Kitayaporn, D Sangkhum, U Prasithiphol, B Hu, DJ van Griensven, F Mastro, TD Tappero, JW TI Sexual risk reduction in a cohort of injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE injecting drug users; substance abuse; sexual behavior; HIV; Bangkok; Thailand ID HIV PREVENTION; EXCHANGE PROGRAMS; METAANALYSIS; INTERVENTIONS; INFECTION; SUBTYPES AB Objective: interventions to reduce sexual risk behavior among injecting drug users (IDUs) have generally bad very modest effects, but almost all such interventions have been conducted within short time frames. This study assessed whether long-term participation in interventions to reduce sexual risk behavior was associated with reduced sexual risk behavior. Methods: A total of 806 IDUs participated in the Bangkok HIV Vaccine Trial Preparatory Cohort Study from 1995-1998 and remained in the study for at least 4 follow-up visits (approximately 16 months). Participants received HIV counseling and testing every 4 months and free condoms were provided. Structured interviews including questions on sexual behavior were administered every 4 months. Results: Approximately 40% of participants reported engaging in unprotected sex (vaginal intercourse without always using a condom) with a regular partner at each study visit, without any decline over time in this behavior. There were declines in the proportions of participants reporting unprotected sex with casual partners and with paid partners (men only) over time, but the declines were confined to the early period of the study. Unprotected sex with casual partners was associated with amphetamine use. Condom use increased substantially among participants who seroconverted for HIV during the study. Conclusions: interventions to reduce sexual risk behavior among HIV-seronegative IDUs over extended periods were no more likely to be effective than shorter interventions. New programs are needed to reduce sexual risk behavior among amphetamine users and among IDUs who are currently seronegative but are engaging in injection risk behaviors and in unprotected sex with regular partners. C1 Beth Israel Med Ctr, Baron Edmond de Rothschild Fdn, Inst Chem Dependency, New York, NY 10003 USA. Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. US Ctr Dis Control Collaborat, Thailand MOPH, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Des Jarlais, DC (reprint author), Beth Israel Med Ctr, Baron Edmond de Rothschild Fdn, Inst Chem Dependency, 1st Ave & 16th St, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM Dcdesjarla@aol.com RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 1 BP 1170 EP 1179 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000120821.38576.ec PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 851EG UT WOS:000223667700009 PM 15319678 ER PT J AU Baryarama, F Bunnell, RE Ransom, RL Ekwaru, JP Kalule, J Tumuhairwe, EB Mermin, JH AF Baryarama, F Bunnell, RE Ransom, RL Ekwaru, JP Kalule, J Tumuhairwe, EB Mermin, JH TI Using HIV voluntary counseling and testing data for monitoring the Uganda HIV epidemic, 1992-2000 SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; prevalence; voluntary counseling and testing (VCT); antenatal clinic (ANC); monitoring; surveillance; Africa ID POPULATION-BASED COHORT; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA/; CHILDBEARING WOMEN; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; HIV/AIDS; SEROPREVALENCE AB Objective: To assess trends in the prevalence of HIV infection among voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clients in Uganda and to describe the utility of VCT data for monitoring the HIV epidemic in 1992-2000. Methods: We analyzed routinely collected data from first-time VCT clients not reporting illness as a reason for testing. We developed a model adjusting for test site, couple testing, and premarital testing, assessed trends in adjusted prevalence of HIV infection and shifts in age-specific peak prevalence, and compared antenatal clinic (ANC) surveillance data and VCT prevalence trends. Results: Among 201,741 clients, adjusted prevalence of HIV infection declined from 23% in 1992 to 13% in 2000 (P < 0.001) (men, 17%-9% [P < 0.001]; women, 31%-18% [P < 0.001]). The prevalence declined for all age groups except men older than 39 years and women older than 34 years. The prevalence increased for women older than 39 years (P < 0.003). Between 1992 and 2000, peak prevalence declined for both men (31% to 24%) and women (44% to 41%), whereas the age at which the peak occurred increased for both men (36 to 41 years) and women (31 to 36 years). VCT and ANC prevalence trends were similar. Conclusion: In Uganda, the prevalence of HIV infection among male and female VCT clients declined from 1992 to 2000, similar to ANC surveillance data, but did not decline in older age groups. In regions with well-established VCT programs, VCT data may provide a useful and convenient tool for monitoring the HIV epidemic. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STD & TB, Global Programme AIDS, CDC Uganda, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. AIDS Informat Ctr, Kampala, Uganda. RP Bunnell, RE (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STD & TB, Global Programme AIDS, CDC Uganda, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rbunnell@cdc.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 1 BP 1180 EP 1186 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000127063.76701.bb PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 851EG UT WOS:000223667700010 PM 15319679 ER PT J AU Johansson, A Farlow, J Larsson, P Dukerich, M Chambers, E Bystrom, M Fox, J Chu, M Forsman, M Sjostedt, A Keim, P AF Johansson, A Farlow, J Larsson, P Dukerich, M Chambers, E Bystrom, M Fox, J Chu, M Forsman, M Sjostedt, A Keim, P TI Worldwide genetic relationships among Francisella tularensis isolates determined by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; NONVACCINATED VOLUNTEERS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; TULAREMIA VACCINES; SUBSP TULARENSIS; DNA-SEQUENCES; STRAINS; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; DISCRIMINATION AB The intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia and poses a serious threat as an agent of bioterrorism. We have developed a highly effective molecular subtyping system from 25 variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci. In our study, multiple-locus VNTR analysis (MLVA) was used to analyze genetic relationships and potential population structure within a global collection of 192 F. tularensis isolates, including representatives from each of the four subspecies. The VNTR loci displayed between 2 and 31 alleles with Nei's diversity values between 0.05 and 0.95. Neighbor-joining cluster analysis of VNTR data revealed 120 genotypes among the 192 F. tularensis isolates, including accurate subspecies identification. F. tularensis subsp. tularensis (type A) isolates showed great diversity at VNTR loci, while F. tularensis subsp. holarctica (type B) isolates showed much lower levels despite a much broader geographical prevalence. The resolution of two distinct clades within F. tularensis subsp. tularensis (designated A.I and A.II) revealed a previously unrecognized genetic division within this highly virulent subspecies. F. tularensis subsp. holarctica appears to have recently spread globally across continents from a single origin, while F. tularensis subsp. tularensis has a long and complex evolutionary history almost exclusively in North America. The sole non-North American type A isolates (Slovakian) were closely related to the SCHU S4 strain. Significant linkage disequilibrium was detected among VNTR loci of F. tularensis consistent with a clonal population structure. Overall, this work greatly augments the study of tularemia ecology and epidemiology, while providing a framework for future forensic analysis of F. tularensis isolates. C1 No Arizona State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Swedish Def Res Agcy, Dept NBC Anal, Umea, Sweden. Umea Univ, Dept Microbiol, Div Infect Dis, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. Umea Univ, Dept Microbiol, Div Clin Bacteriol, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Keim, P (reprint author), No Arizona State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Paul.Keim@nau.edu RI Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; Johansson, Anders/D-2928-2012; Forsman, Mats/A-1426-2016; OI Johansson, Anders/0000-0003-0548-5943; Forsman, Mats/0000-0002-4466-5325; Sjostedt, Anders/0000-0002-0768-8405 NR 42 TC 180 Z9 190 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 186 IS 17 BP 5808 EP 5818 DI 10.1128/JB.186.17.5808-5818.2004 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 848HX UT WOS:000223459300028 PM 15317786 ER PT J AU Anderson, DS Adhikari, P Nowalk, AJ Chen, CY Mietzner, TA AF Anderson, DS Adhikari, P Nowalk, AJ Chen, CY Mietzner, TA TI The hFbpABC transporter from Haemophilus influenzae functions as a binding-protein-dependent ABC transporter with high specificity and affinity for ferric iron SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PATHOGENIC NEISSERIA; BACTERIAL TRANSFERRIN; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS; MEMBRANE COMPLEX; SYSTEM; MECHANISM; OPERON; CLONING AB Pathogenic Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria spp. (Neisseria gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis), Serratia marcescens, and other gram-negative bacteria utilize a periplasm-to-cytosol FbpABC iron transporter. In this study, we investigated the H. influenzae FbpABC transporter in a siderophore-deficient Escherichia coli background to assess biochemical aspects of FbpABC transporter function. Using a radiolabeled Fe3+ transport assay, we established an apparent K-m=0.9 muM and V-max = 1.8 pmol/10(7) cells/min for FbpABC-mediated transport. Complementation experiments showed that hFbpABC is dependent on the FbpA binding protein for transport. The ATPase inhibitor sodium orthovanadate demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of FbpABC transport, while the protonmotive-force-inhibitor carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone had no effect. Metal competition experiments demonstrated that the transporter has high specificity for Fe3+ and selectivity for trivalent metals, including Ga3+ and Al3+, over divalent metals. Metal sensitivity experiments showed that several divalent metals, including copper, nickel, and zinc, exhibited general toxicity towards E. coli. Significantly, gallium-induced toxicity was specific only to E. coli expressing FbpABC. A single-amino-acid mutation in the gene encoding the periplasmic binding protein, FbpA(Y1961), resulted in a greatly diminished iron binding affinity K-d = 5.2 X 10(-4) M-1, similar to14 orders of magnitude weaker than that of the wild-type protein. Surprisingly, the mutant transporter [FbpA(Y196I)BC] exhibited substantial transport activity, similar to35% of wild-type transport, with K-m=1.2 muM and V-max=0.5 pmol/10(7)cells/min. We conclude that the FbpABC complexes possess basic characteristics representative of the family of bacterial binding protein-dependent ABC transporters. However, the specificity and high-affinity binding characteristics suggest that the FbpABC transporters function as specialized transporters satisfying the strict chemical requirements of ferric iron (Fe3+) binding and membrane transport. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Mol Genet & Biochem, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Lab Res, Div AIDS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mietzner, TA (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Mol Genet & Biochem, Room E1240 Biomed Sci Tower,Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM mietzner@pitt.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R29 AI3226] NR 50 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 186 IS 18 BP 6220 EP 6229 DI 10.1128/JB.186.18.6220-6229.2004 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 851QM UT WOS:000223699900028 PM 15342592 ER PT J AU Reischl, U Youssef, MT Wolf, H Hyytia-Trees, E Strockbine, NA AF Reischl, U Youssef, MT Wolf, H Hyytia-Trees, E Strockbine, NA TI Real-time fluorescence PCR assays for detection and characterization of heat-labile I and heat-stable I enterotoxin genes from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; TOXIN; SEQUENCE; OUTBREAK; PROBES AB To facilitate the diagnosis of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections in humans, we developed and evaluated real-time fluorescence PCR assays for the Roche LightCycler (LC) against the enterotoxin genes commonly present in strains associated with human illness. Separate LC-PCR assays with identical cycling conditions were designed for the type I heat-labile enterotoxin (LT I) and the type I heat-stable enterotoxin (ST 1) genes, using the LC hybridization probe format. A duplex assay for ST I with two sets of amplification primers and three hybridization probes was required to detect the major nucleotide sequence variants of ST 1, ST la and ST Ib. LC-PCR findings from the testing of 161 E. coli isolates of human origin (138 ETEC and 23 non-ETEC) were compared with those obtained by block cycler PCR analysis. The sensitivities and specificities of the LC-PCR assays were each 100% for the LT I and ST I genes. The LC-PCR and block cycler PCR assays were also compared for their abilities to detect LT I and ST I genes in spiked stool specimens with different methods of sample preparation. Findings from these experiments revealed that the limits of detection for the LC-PCR assays were the same or substantially lower than those observed for the block cycler PCR assay. Melting curve analysis of the amplified LT I and ST I genes revealed sequence variation within each gene, which for the ST I genes correlated with the presence of ST la and ST 1b. The rapidity, sensitivity, and specificity of the LC-PCR assays make them attractive alternatives to block cycler PCR assays for the detection and characterization of ETEC. C1 Univ Regensburg, Inst Med Microbiol & Hyg, Regensburg, Germany. Yarmouk Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Irbid, Jordan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Escherichia Coli Shigella Ref Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Reischl, U (reprint author), Univ Hosp Regensburg, Inst Med Microbiol & Hyg, Josef Str Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. EM Udo.Reischl@klinik.uni-regensburg.de NR 28 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 42 IS 9 BP 4092 EP 4100 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.9.4092-4100.2004 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 854KQ UT WOS:000223902000028 PM 15364995 ER PT J AU Daneshvar, MI Hollis, DG Weyant, RS Jordan, JG MacGregor, JP Morey, RE Whitney, AM Brenner, DJ Steigerwalt, AG Helsel, LO Raney, PM Patel, JB Levett, PN Brown, JM AF Daneshvar, MI Hollis, DG Weyant, RS Jordan, JG MacGregor, JP Morey, RE Whitney, AM Brenner, DJ Steigerwalt, AG Helsel, LO Raney, PM Patel, JB Levett, PN Brown, JM TI Identification of some charcoal-black-pigmented CDC fermentative coryneform group 4 isolates as Rothia dentocariosa and some as Corynebacterium aurimucosium: Proposal of Rothia dentocariosa emend. Geora and Brown 1967 Corynebacterium aurimucosum emend. Yassin et al. 2002, and Corynebacterium nigicans shukla et al. 2003 pro synon. Corynebacterium aurimucosum SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AD-HOC-COMMITTEE; SP-NOV; MINUTISSIMUM; FREQUENCY AB Sixty-three clinical isolates of charcoal-black-pigmented, gram-positive coryneform rods were received for identification by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and were provisionally designated CDC fermentative coryneform group 4 (FCG4). Forty-five of these were characterized by morphological, physiologic, antimicrobial susceptibility, cellular fatty acids, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and DNA-DNA hybridization analyses. Nitrate reduction, cellular fatty acid analysis, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and DNA-DNA hybridization studies segregated these strains into two groups: FCG4a (8 strains) and FCG4b (37 strains). The FCG4a strains, only one of which was from a female genitourinary source, produced cellular fatty acid and biochemical profiles similar to those observed with reference strains of Rothia dentocariosa and Rothia mucilaginosa, while the FCG4b strains were similar to Corynebacterium species. DNA-DNA hybridization analysis demonstrated species-level relatedness among six FCG4a tested strains and showed that they were a charcoal-black-pigmented variant of R. dentocariosa. Sixteen isolates of the FCG4b group, mainly from female genitourinary tract specimens, as well as the type strains of two recently named species, Corynebacterium aurimucosum and Corynebacterium nigricans, were shown by DNA-DNA hybridization analysis and the sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to be related at the species level and unrelated to the type strain of R. dentocariosa; therefore, the Corynebacterium-like strains were classified as a charcoal-black-pigmented variant of C. aurimucosum, because this name has nomenclatural priority over C. nigricans. These findings indicate that FCG4 represents a heterogeneous group that contains pigmented variants of both R. dentocariosa and C. aurimucosum; hence, the descriptions of both R. dentocariosa and C. aurimucosum have been amended to include charcoal-black-pigmented variants, and C. nigricans is a pro synonym of C. aurimucosum. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Daneshvar, MI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mdaneshvar@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 42 IS 9 BP 4189 EP 4198 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.9.4189-4198.2004 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 854KQ UT WOS:000223902000043 PM 15365010 ER PT J AU Pascopella, L Kellam, S Ridderhof, J Chin, DP Reingold, A Desmond, E Flood, J Royce, S AF Pascopella, L Kellam, S Ridderhof, J Chin, DP Reingold, A Desmond, E Flood, J Royce, S TI Laboratory reporting of tuberculosis test results and patient treatment initiation in California SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH LABORATORIES; HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS; MYCOBACTERIOLOGY; DIAGNOSIS; DELAY; STATE; CARE AB Prompt laboratory reporting of tuberculosis (TB) test results is necessary for TB control. To understand the extent of and factors contributing to laboratory reporting delays and the impact of reporting delays on initiation of treatment of TB patients, we analyzed data from 300 consecutive culture-positive TB cases reported in four California counties in 1998. Laboratory reporting to the specimen submitter was delayed for 26.9% of smear-positive patients and 46.8% of smear-negative patients. Delays were associated with the type of laboratory that performed the testing and with delayed transport of specimens. Referral laboratories (public health and commercial) had longer median reporting time frames than hospital and health maintenance organization laboratories. Among patients whose treatment was not started until specimens were collected, those with delayed laboratory reporting were more likely to have delayed treatment than patients with no laboratory reporting delays (odds ratio [OR] of 3.9 and 95% confidence interval [CI] of 1.6 to 9.7 for smear-positive patients and OR of 13.1 and CI of 5.3 to 32.2 for smear-negative patients). This relation remained after adjustment in a multivariate model for other factors associated with treatment delays (adjusted OR of 25.64 and CI of 7.81 to 83.33 for smear-negative patients). These findings emphasize the need to reduce times of specimen transfer between institutions and to ensure rapid communication among laboratories, health care providers, and health departments serving TB patients. C1 Tuberculosis Control Branch, Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv Microbial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA USA. PHPPO, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. World Hlth Org, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Pascopella, L (reprint author), Tuberculosis Control Branch, Calif Dept Hlth Serv, 2151 Berkeley Way Rm 608, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. EM Lpascope@dhs.ca.gov NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 42 IS 9 BP 4209 EP 4213 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.9.4209-4213.2004 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 854KQ UT WOS:000223902000046 PM 15365013 ER PT J AU Dunman, PM Mounts, W McAleese, F Immermann, F Macapagal, D Marsilio, E McDougal, L Tenover, FC Bradford, PA Petersen, PJ Projan, SJ Murphy, E AF Dunman, PM Mounts, W McAleese, F Immermann, F Macapagal, D Marsilio, E McDougal, L Tenover, FC Bradford, PA Petersen, PJ Projan, SJ Murphy, E TI Uses of Staphylococcus aureus GeneChips in genotyping and genetic composition analysis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; METHICILLIN-RESISTANT; STRAINS; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; EMERGENCE; PEPTIDE AB Understanding the relatedness of strains within a bacterial species is essential for monitoring reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance and for epidemiological studies. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), ribotyping, and multilocus sequence typing are commonly used for this purpose. However, these techniques are either nonquantitative or provide only a limited estimation of strain relatedness. Moreover, they cannot extensively define the genes that constitute an organism. In the present study, 21 oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA) isolates, representing eight major ORSA lineages, and each of the seven strains for which the complete genomic sequence is publicly available were genotyped using a novel GeneChip-based approach. Strains were also subjected to PFGE and ribotyping analysis. GeneChip results provided a higher level of discrimination among isolates than either ribotyping or PFGE, although strain clustering was similar among the three techniques. In addition, GeneChip signal intensity cutoff values were empirically determined to provide extensive data on the genetic composition of each isolate analyzed. Using this technology it was shown that strains could be examined for each element represented on the GeneChip, including virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance determinants, and agr type. These results were validated by PCR, growth on selective media, and detailed in silico analysis of each of the sequenced genomes. Collectively, this work demonstrates that GeneChips provide extensive genotyping information for S. aureus strains and may play a major role in epidemiological studies in the future where correlating genes with particular disease phenotypes is critical. C1 Wyeth Vaccines Res, Pearl River, NY 10965 USA. Biometr Res, Pearl River, NY 10965 USA. Wyeth Genom, Cambridge, MA USA. Prot Technol, Cambridge, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Murphy, E (reprint author), Wyeth Vaccines Res, 401 N Middletown Rd, Pearl River, NY 10965 USA. EM MurphyE3@wyeth.com OI Bradford, Patricia/0000-0002-1285-2978 NR 23 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 42 IS 9 BP 4275 EP 4283 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.9.4275-4283.2004 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 854KQ UT WOS:000223902000056 PM 15365023 ER PT J AU Kilpatrick, DR Ching, K Iber, J Campagnoli, R Freeman, CJ Mishrik, N Liu, HM Pallansch, MA Kew, OM AF Kilpatrick, DR Ching, K Iber, J Campagnoli, R Freeman, CJ Mishrik, N Liu, HM Pallansch, MA Kew, OM TI Multiplex PCR method for identifying recombinant vaccine-related polioviruses SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENT PATIENT; DEOXYINOSINE RESIDUES; CODON DEGENERACY; MIXED-BASE; IDENTIFICATION; CIRCULATION; EVOLUTION; POLIOMYELITIS; REPLICATION; POSITIONS AB The recent discovery of recombinant circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (recombinant cVDPV) has highlighted the need for enhanced global poliovirus surveillance to assure timely detection of any future cVDPV outbreaks. Six pairs of Sabin strain-specific recombinant primers were designed to permit rapid screening for VDPV recombinants by PCR. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Div Viral & Ricketsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kilpatrick, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Div Viral & Ricketsial Dis, G-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM DKilpatrick@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 42 IS 9 BP 4313 EP 4315 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.9.4313-4315.2004 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 854KQ UT WOS:000223902000064 PM 15365031 ER PT J AU Basu, R Woodruff, TJ Parker, JD Saulnier, L Schoendorf, KC AF Basu, R Woodruff, TJ Parker, JD Saulnier, L Schoendorf, KC TI Comparing exposure metrics in the relationship between PM2.5 and birth weight in California SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; birth outcomes; birth weight; fine particulate matter; perinatal epidemiology; PM2.5 metrics ID AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; PARTICULATE MATTER; MATERNAL EXPOSURE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN BORN; MORTALITY; RISK; ASSOCIATION AB Although studies suggest that air pollution is linked to perinatal outcomes, the geographic characterization of exposure to pollution differs between the studies. We compared neighborhood- and county-level measures of air pollution exposure, while examining the association between particulate matter less than 2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and birth weight among full-term births in California in 2000. To reduce the effects of demographic variability, our analysis was limited to two populations of 8579 non-Hispanic white and 8114 Hispanic mothers who were married, between 20 and 30 years of age, completed at least a high school education, and gave birth for the first time. Measurements from the nearest monitor, and average and distance-weighted average of monitors within a 5-mile radius from each mother's residence ( constituting neighborhood metrics) and the mean of monitors within each mother's county of residence were considered. PM2.5 measurements, provided by the California Air Resources Board, were calculated to correspond to each mother's 9-month gestation period. Although metrics within the 5-mile radii and the county were highly correlated (r(2) = 0.78), the county-level metric provided a stronger association between PM2.5 and birth weight (beta = - 4.04, 95% confidence interval = - 6.71, - 1.37) than the metric for the average of all monitors within 5-miles ( beta= - 1.38, 95% confidence interval = - 3.36, 0.60) among non-Hispanic white mothers; similar results were observed among the Hispanic sample of mothers. Consequently, inferences from studies using different definitions of air pollution exposure may not be comparable. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Basu, R (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW,MC 1809T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM rbasu@jhsph.edu NR 22 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 14 IS 5 BP 391 EP 396 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500336 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 853LZ UT WOS:000223830400005 PM 15361898 ER PT J AU Oberste, MS Maher, K Schnurr, D Flemister, MR Lovchik, JC Peters, H Sessions, W Kirk, C Chatterjee, N Fuller, S Hanauer, JM Pallansch, MA AF Oberste, MS Maher, K Schnurr, D Flemister, MR Lovchik, JC Peters, H Sessions, W Kirk, C Chatterjee, N Fuller, S Hanauer, JM Pallansch, MA TI Enterovirus 68 is associated with respiratory illness and shares biological features with both the enteroviruses and the rhinoviruses SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE HEMORRHAGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS; MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; UNTYPABLE ENTEROVIRUSES; RECOMBINATION; SEROTYPE; CLASSIFICATION; PROTOTYPE; EVOLUTION; STRAINS; DISEASE AB Enterovirus (EV) 68 was originally isolated in California in 1962 from four children with respiratory illness. Since that time, reports of EV68 isolation have been very uncommon. Between 1989 and 2003, 12 additional EV68 clinical isolates were identified and characterized, all of which were obtained from respiratory specimens of patients with respiratory tract illnesses. No EV68 isolates from enteric specimens have been identified from these same laboratories. These recent isolates, as well as the original California strains and human rhinovirus (HRV) 87 (recently shown to be an isolate of EV68 and distinct from the other human rhinoviruses), were compared by partial nucleotide sequencing in three genomic regions (partial sequencing of the 5'-non-translated region and 3D polymerase gene, and complete sequencing of the VP1 capsid gene). The EV68 isolates, including HRV87, were monophyletic in all three regions of the genome. EV68 isolates and HRV87 grew poorly at 37 degreesC relative to growth at 33 degreesC and their titres were reduced by incubation at pH 3.0, whereas the control enterovirus, echovirus 11, grew equally well at 33 and 37 degreesC and its titre was not affected by treatment at pH 3.0. Acid lability and a lower optimum growth temperature are characteristic features of the human rhinoviruses. It is concluded that EV68 is primarily an agent of respiratory disease and that it shares important biological and molecular properties with both the enteroviruses and the rhinoviruses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA USA. Univ Maryland, Med Syst, Clin Virol Lab, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Med Virol Lab, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Lab, Minneapolis, MN USA. Missouri State Publ Hlth Lab, Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Jefferson City, MO USA. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. EM soberste@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 122 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 85 BP 2577 EP 2584 DI 10.1099/vir.0.79925-0 PN 9 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 849XR UT WOS:000223575500009 PM 15302951 ER PT J AU Gust, DA Gangarosa, P Hibbs, B Pollard, R Wallach, G Chen, RT AF Gust, DA Gangarosa, P Hibbs, B Pollard, R Wallach, G Chen, RT TI National immunization information hotline: Calls concerning adverse events, 1998-2000 SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID VACCINE; ASSOCIATION; AUTISM AB Data from the National Immunization Information Hotline (NIIH) concerning vaccine adverse event inquiries were analyzed from 1998 to 2000 (total n = 23,841 [public n = 14,330; health care professionals n = 9,511]). Approximately 20% of calls from the public from 1998 to 2000 concerned vaccine adverse events. These calls increased 199.5% from 1998 (n = 422) to 1999 (n = 1,264), then declined 12.4% from 1999 to 2000 (n = 1,107). A Lexus Nexus search showed that the number of news stories mentioning vaccine safety showed a similar pattern. Women were more likely to call the NIIH concerning vaccine adverse events than men, and persons 40-59 years old and persons 60 years old and over were less likely to call about vaccine adverse events than those 20-39 years. The parallel trends in news stories mentioning vaccine safety and calls to the NIIH concerning adverse events suggests that news stories may stimulate questions about vaccine safety. Understanding that news stories may elicit questions about vaccine adverse events and examining the characteristics of persons who ask vaccine adverse event questions may guide future informational interventions toward those most in need. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Data Management Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Immunizat Informat Hotline, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Gust, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dgg6@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 9 IS 5 BP 387 EP 394 DI 10.1080/10810730490503487 PG 8 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 861OQ UT WOS:000224426900002 PM 15513788 ER PT J AU Soriano-Gabarro, M Rosenstein, N LaForce, FM AF Soriano-Gabarro, M Rosenstein, N LaForce, FM TI Evaluation of serogroup A meningococcal vaccines in Africa: A demonstration project SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH POPULATION AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Neisseria meningitidis; meningococcal vaccines; conjugate vaccines; vaccine development; immunization; evaluation studies; impact studies; Africa ID DIPHTHERIA CONJUGATE VACCINE; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIALS; ACTIVE-CONTROL TRIALS; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; GAMBIAN CHILDREN; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; UNITED-KINGDOM; DISEASE; IMMUNOGENICITY; EFFICACY AB Endemic and epidemic meningococcal disease constitutes a major public-health problem in African countries of the 'meningitis belt' where incidence rates of the disease are many-fold higher (up to 25 cases per 100,000 population) than those in industrialized countries, and epidemics of meningococcal disease occur with rates as high as 1,000 cases per 100,000 people. Using the precedent established during the licensing of conjugate vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b and serogroup C meningococci and components of currently-licensed meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines, new meningococcal conjugate vaccines will likely be licensed using immunological endpoints as surrogates for clinical protection. Post-licensure evaluation of vaccine effectiveness will, therefore, be of increased importance. One vaccine being developed is the serogroup A meningococcal (Men A) conjugate vaccine produced by the Meningitis Vaccine Project (MVP), a partnership between the World Health Organization and the Program for Applied Technology in Health. This vaccine will likely be the first meningococcal conjugate vaccine introduced on a large scale in Africa. This paper summarizes the general steps required for vaccine development, reviews the use of immunogenicity criteria as a licensing strategy for new meningococcal vaccines, and discusses plans for evaluating the impact of a meningococcal A conjugate vaccine in Africa. Impact of this vaccine will be measured during a vaccine-demonstration project that will primarily measure the effectiveness of vaccine. Other studies will include evaluations of safety, vaccine coverage, impact on carriage and herd immunity, and prevention-effectiveness studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningit & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Barcelona, Dept Salud Publ, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain. Program Appropriate Technol Hlth, Meningit Vaccine Project, F-01210 Ferney, France. RP Soriano-Gabarro, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningit & Special Pathogens Branch, C-09,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zzd7@cdc.gov NR 59 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU I C D D R B-CENTRE HEALTH POPULATION RESEARCH PI DHAKA PA MOHAKHALI, 1212 DHAKA, BANGLADESH SN 1606-0997 J9 J HEALTH POPUL NUTR JI J. Heatlh Popul. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 22 IS 3 BP 275 EP 285 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 875TC UT WOS:000225443600007 PM 15609780 ER PT J AU Eko, FO He, Q Brown, T McMillan, L Ifere, GO Ananaba, GA Lyn, D Lubitz, W Kellar, KL Black, CM Igietseme, JU AF Eko, FO He, Q Brown, T McMillan, L Ifere, GO Ananaba, GA Lyn, D Lubitz, W Kellar, KL Black, CM Igietseme, JU TI A novel recombinant multisubunit vaccine against Chlamydia SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; GENITAL-TRACT INFECTION; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE GHOSTS; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GENE KNOCKOUT MICE; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; MOUSE PNEUMONITIS; IN-VITRO; T-CELLS; IMMUNIZATION AB The administration of an efficacious vaccine is the most effective long-term measure to control the oculogenital infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis in humans. Chlamydia genome sequencing has identified a number of potential vaccine candidates, and the current challenge is to develop an effective delivery vehicle for induction of a high level of mucosal T and complementary B cell responses. Vibrio cholerae ghosts (VCG) are nontoxic, effective delivery vehicles with potent adjuvant properties, and are capable of inducing both T cell and Ab responses in mucosal tissues. We investigated the hypothesis that rVCG could serve as effective delivery vehicles for single or multiple subunit chlamydial vaccines to induce a high level of protective immunity. rVCG-expressing chlamydial outer membrane proteins were produced by a two-step genetic process, involving cloning of Omp genes in V. cholerae, followed by gene E-mediated lysis of the cells. The immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy of rVCG-expressing single and multiple subunits were compared. Immunologic analysis indicated that i.m. immunization of mice with either vaccine construct induced a strong mucosal and systemic specific Th1 response against the whole chlamydial organism. However, there was an immunogenic advantage associated with the multiple subunit vaccine that induced a higher frequency of Th1 cells and a relatively greater ability to confer protective immunity, compared with the single subunit construct. These results support the operational theory that the ability of a vaccine to confer protective immunity against Chlamydia is a function of the level of Th1 response elicited. C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Biochem & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Univ Vienna, Inst Microbiol & Genet, Vienna, Austria. Clark Atlanta Univ, Ctr Canc Res & Therapeut Dev, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Eko, FO (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Biochem & Immunol, 720 Westview Dr,SW, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. EM feko@msm.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03034]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI41231]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM08248]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU304522-11] NR 58 TC 60 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 173 IS 5 BP 3375 EP 3382 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 849HR UT WOS:000223529800063 PM 15322201 ER PT J AU Hazelwood, KJ Drake, PL Ashley, K Marcy, D AF Hazelwood, KJ Drake, PL Ashley, K Marcy, D TI Field method for the determination of insoluble or total hexavalent chromium in workplace air SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE field method; hexavalent chromium; insoluble chromates; on-site analysis; sample preparation; workplace air ID INDUSTRIAL-HYGIENE SAMPLES; ULTRASONIC EXTRACTION AB National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health method 7703 is a portable field procedure for the analysis of workplace air filter samples for hexavalent chromium (Cr-VI) content immediately after the samples are collected. The field method prescribes Cr-VI extraction front air filter samples with an ammonium sulfate/ammonium hydroxide extraction buffer using ultrasonic extraction (UE). Strong anion-exchange solid-phase extraction (SAE-SPE) is then used to separate Cr-VI horn trivalent chromium and other interferences. Portable spectrophotometric measurement of Cr-VI is then conducted using the 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC) method. However, it has been found that the ammonium extraction buffer does not adequately bring insoluble Cr-VI compounds into solution during the UE process. Thus. it was deemed necessary to modify the field method so that it would provide acceptable recoveries for insoluble Cr-VI compounds. To this end, a more alkaline extraction solution-sodium carbonate/sodium bicarbonate buffer-was investigated. The modified procedure using the highly alkaline extraction solution was demonstrated to be compatible with SAE-SPE cartridges when determining insoluble CrVI in air filter samples. It was found that the carbonate/bicarbonate buffer was equally effective for complete dissolution of both insoluble and soluble forms of Cr-VI. Furthermore, the modified procedure met desired performance criteria established for air sampling and analytical methods. C1 Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Spokane, WA 99207 USA. Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Cincinnati, OH USA. N Idaho Coll, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Drake, PL (reprint author), Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 315 E Montgomery Ave, Spokane, WA 99207 USA. EM PDrake@cdc.gov RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 1 IS 9 BP 613 EP 619 DI 10.1080/15459620490493810 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 851NJ UT WOS:000223691500008 PM 15559333 ER PT J AU Morrow, AL Ruiz-Palacios, GM Altaye, M Jiang, X Guerrero, ML Meinzen-Derr, JK Farkas, T Chaturvedi, P Pickering, LK Newburg, DS AF Morrow, AL Ruiz-Palacios, GM Altaye, M Jiang, X Guerrero, ML Meinzen-Derr, JK Farkas, T Chaturvedi, P Pickering, LK Newburg, DS TI Human milk oligosaccharides are associated with protection against diarrhea in breast-fed infants SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS; FUCOSYLATED OLIGOSACCHARIDES; ROTAVIRUS INFECTION; HUMAN CALICIVIRUSES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LEWIS; INDIVIDUALS; NORWALK; FUCOSYLOLIGOSACCHARIDES; ENTEROTOXIN AB Objective To determine the association between maternal mills levels of 2-linked fueosylated oligosaeeharide acid prevention of diarrhea as a result of Campylobacter, caliciviruses, and diarrhea of all causes in breast-fed infants. Study design Data and banked samples were analyzed from 93 breast-feeding mother-infant pairs who were prospectively studied during 1988-1991 from birth to 2 years with infant feeding and diarrhea data collected weekly; diarrhea was diagnosed by a study physician. Milk samples obtained 1 to 5 weeks postpartum were analyzed for oligosaccharide content. Data were analyzed by Poisson regression. Results Total 2-linked fucosyloligosaccharide in maternal milk ranged from 0.8 to 20.8 mmol/L (50%-92% of milk oligosaccharide). Moderate-to-severe diarrhea of all causes (n = 77 cases) occurred less often (P = .001) in infants whose milk contained high levels of total 2-linked fucosylofigosaccharide as a percent of milk oligosaccharide. Campylobacter diarrhea (n = 31 cases) occurred less often (P = .004) in infants whose mother's milk contained high levels of 2'-FL, a specific 2-linked fucosyloligosaccharide, and calicivirus diarrhea (n = 16 cases) occurred less often (P = .012) in infants whose mother's milk contained high levels of lacto-N-difucohexaose (LDFH-I), another 2-linked fucosyloligosaecharide. Conclusion This study provides novel evidence suggesting that human milk oligosaccharides are clinically relevant to protection against infant diarrhea. C1 Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Inst Natl Ciencias Med & Nutr, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Massachusetts, Shriver Ctr, Sch Med, Waltham, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Morrow, AL (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, 3333 Burnet Ave,ML 5041, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM Ardythe.Morrow@chmcc.org RI Meinzen-Derr, Jareen/N-4805-2015; Altaye, Mekibib/N-5274-2015 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 13021] NR 37 TC 142 Z9 160 U1 4 U2 39 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 145 IS 3 BP 297 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.04.054 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 853VQ UT WOS:000223857400008 PM 15343178 ER PT J AU Pelletier, AR AF Pelletier, AR TI Maintenance of optimal fluoride levels in public water systems SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE fluoridation; water; oral health; optimal levels; quality control AB Objective: This study examines the quality of water fluoridation in public water supplies. Methods: An assessment of daily fluoride levels among all communities that fluoridate their public water supplies in New Hampshire was conducted from January 1, 2000, through June 30, 2002. Results were compared against recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results: The fluoride concentration was less than the recommended minimum value on 42.0 percent of days, within the accepted control range on 49.8 percent of days, and above the recommended maximum value on 1.0 percent of days. On 7.1 percent of days, a fluoride concentration was not determined. Only 2 (18.2%) of 11 public water supplies maintained the fluoride concentration in the optimal range greater than or equal to80 percent of the days. Conclusions: For public water supplies in New Hampshire that fluoridate, suboptimal levels are the most common problem. Water systems need to better maintain recommended fluoride levels if communities are to realize the full benefits of fluoridation. C1 New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off Community & Publ Hlth, Div Chron Dis Prevent, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pelletier, AR (reprint author), 29 Hazen Dr, Concord, NH 03301 USA. EM arp1@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AAPHD NATIONAL OFFICE PI PORTLAND PA 3760 SW LYLE COURT, PORTLAND, OR 97221 USA SN 0022-4006 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT JI J. Public Health Dent. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 64 IS 4 BP 237 EP 239 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 867CI UT WOS:000224819300008 PM 15562947 ER PT J AU Kucik, J Correa, A AF Kucik, J Correa, A TI Trends in twinning rates in metropolitan Atlanta before and after folic acid fortification SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE twins; folic acid deficiency; neural tube defects; Georgia ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FOOD FORTIFICATION; MULTIPLE BIRTHS; UNITED-STATES; FOLATE; SUPPLEMENTATION; PREVENTION; HOMOCYSTEINE; VITAMIN AB OBJECTIVE: To examine whether trends in rates Of twinning in metropolitan Atlanta increased after folic acid fortification. STUDY DESIGN: Live births to residents of 5 metropolitan Atlanta counties during the period 1990-2001 were identified from the state of Georgia's vital records. Rates of twinning and rate ratios were computed for the periods before and after fortification with folic acid. RESULTS: Of the 510,000 singleton and twin births in metropolitan Atlanta during the study period, 7,168 (1.43%) represented twin pregnancies. Overall, the rate of twinning increased 18% (P < .001) from the prefortification to postfortification period. As compared with the rate of twinning during the prefortification period, that during the postfortification period increased by 23% (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.7, 1.28) among women over 30 years but showed no increase among women < 30 years of age (OR 1.02, CI 0.94, 1.10). Among women > 30, there was an increasing rate of twinning throughout the prefortification period (4.9%). There was no upward trend in twinning rates among women younger than 30 years prior to fortification. CONCLUSION: Increasing trends of twinning were observed only in women older than 30 years, but these trends began prior to folic acid fortification and reached a plateau in recent years. Further elucidation of the possible relationship between folic acid and twinning will need to account for the use of fertility treatments by older women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kucik, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jkucik@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 49 IS 9 BP 707 EP 712 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 857IR UT WOS:000224110300003 PM 15493560 ER PT J AU Sacks, JJ Helmick, CG Langmaid, G AF Sacks, JJ Helmick, CG Langmaid, G TI Deaths from arthritis and other rheumatic conditions, United States, 1979-1998 SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arthritis; mortality AB Objective. To analyze US trends in deaths from arthritis and other rheumatic conditions (AORC). Methods. Multiple cause of death tapes from the National Center for Health Statistics from 1979 to 1998 were reviewed. Age, sex, and race-specific death rates were calculated. Results. During 1979-1998, the annual number of AORC deaths rose from 5537 to 9367. In 1979, the crude death rate from AORC was 2.46 per 100,000 population; by 1998, it was 3.48. Rates age-standardized to the year 2000 population were 2.75 and 3.51, respectively. Annual crude and age-standardized death rates were higher among women than men and higher among blacks than whites and increased for all groups over the 20 years. Death rates were dramatically higher with increasing age. Three categories of AORC accounted for almost 80% of deaths: diffuse connective tissue diseases (34%), other specified rheumatic conditions (23%), and rheumatoid arthritis (22%). Conclusion. There are marked age, sex, and race-specific disparities in AORC death rates. AORC death rates may be underestimated because of (1) nonrecognition of inflammatory arthritis and (2) attribution of cause of death to conditions made more likely by arthritis, e.g., cardiovascular disease, or to complications from arthritis therapy. Further research into the causes of the disparities in death rates and the increase in death rates for men, women, blacks, and whites is necessary. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arthritis Program, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth,Natl Ctr Chron Dis Pre, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sacks, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arthritis Program, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth,Natl Ctr Chron Dis Pre, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-K51, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jjs3@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1823 EP 1828 PG 6 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 852ZS UT WOS:000223796200027 PM 15338507 ER PT J AU Dickey, WC Blumberg, SJ AF Dickey, WC Blumberg, SJ TI Revisiting the factor structure of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire: United States, 2001 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE questionnaire; reliability; psychopathology; factor structure ID CHILD-BEHAVIOR-CHECKLIST; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; COMMUNITY SAMPLE; SDQ; VERSION; ADOLESCENTS; DISORDERS AB Objective: The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire is a 25-item instrument developed to assess emotional and behavioral problems. The current study attempted to replicate previous European structural analyses and to describe the latent dimensions that underlie responses to the parent-reported version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for a representative sample of U.S. children and adolescents. Method: Parents/guardians of a national probability sample of 9,574 children and adolescents 4 to 17 years of age were administered the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to assess emotional and behavioral problems within the past 1 month. A principal components analysis was performed for replication purposes, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to extract the underlying factors. Results: The predicted five-component structure (emotional, hyperactivity, prosocial, peer, conduct) was not entirely confirmed. Some items intended to assess conduct problems were more closely related to hyperactivity, and some items intended to assess peer problems were more strongly correlated with emotional or prosocial problems. Factor analyses revealed a stable three-factor model consisting of externalization problems, internalization problems, and a positive construal factor. Conclusions: The current analyses suggest that U.S. parents may construe conduct problems and peer problems differently than do European parents. These cultural differences may affect the assessment of psychopathology for children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Interview Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Blumberg, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Interview Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 2112, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM sblumberg@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 95 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 13 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1159 EP 1167 DI 10.1097/01.chi.0000132808.36708.a9 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 848KU UT WOS:000223467200014 PM 15322420 ER PT J AU Koepsell, TD Wolf, ME Buchner, DM Kukull, WA LaCroix, AZ Tencer, AF Frankenfeld, CL Tautvydas, M Larson, EB AF Koepsell, TD Wolf, ME Buchner, DM Kukull, WA LaCroix, AZ Tencer, AF Frankenfeld, CL Tautvydas, M Larson, EB TI Footwear style and risk of falls in older adults SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE falls; shoes; elderly ID FEMALE GAIT PATTERNS; ATHLETIC FOOTWEAR; ELDERLY PERSONS; COWBOY BOOTS; BALANCE; CIRCUMSTANCES; COMMUNITY; WOMEN; SHOES; CONSEQUENCES AB Objectives: To determine how the risk of a fall in an older adult varies in relation to style of footwear worn. Design: Nested case-control study. Setting: Group Health Cooperative, a large health maintenance organization in Washington state. Participants: A total of 1,371 adults aged 65 and older were monitored for falls over a 2-year period; 327 qualifying fall cases were compared with 327 controls matched on age and sex. Measurements: Standardized in-person examinations before fall occurrence, interviews about fall risk factors after the fall occurred, and direct examination of footwear were conducted. Questions for controls referred to the last time they engaged in an activity broadly similar to what the case was doing at the time of the fall. Results: Athletic and canvas shoes (sneakers) were the styles of footwear associated with lowest risk of a fall. Going barefoot or in stocking feet was associated with sharply increased risk, even after controlling for measures of health status (adjusted odds ratio=11.2, 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.4-51.8). Relative to athletic/canvas shoes, other footwear was associated with a 1.3-fold increase in the risk of a fall (95% CI=0.9-1.9), varying somewhat by style. Conclusion: Contrary to findings from gait-laboratory studies, athletic shoes were associated with relatively low risk of a fall in older adults during everyday activities. Fall risk was markedly increased when participants were not wearing shoes. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Harborview Injury Prevent & Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Orthoped & Sports Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Mech Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Koepsell, TD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Box 357236, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM koepsell@u.washington.edu OI Kukull, Walter/0000-0001-8761-9014; Frankenfeld, Cara/0000-0002-2318-0791 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG06781, AG13793]; ODCDC CDC HHS [CCR002570] NR 41 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 52 IS 9 BP 1495 EP 1501 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52412.x PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 847CQ UT WOS:000223366900012 PM 15341551 ER PT J AU Burkett, DA Kelly, R Porter, CH Wirtz, RA AF Burkett, DA Kelly, R Porter, CH Wirtz, RA TI Commercial mosquito trap and gravid trap oviposition media evaluation, Atlanta, Georgia SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE surveillance; mosquito traps; gravid traps ID AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; SAMPLING METHODS; CALIFORNIA; CDC; SURVEILLANCE; INFUSIONS; ABUNDANCE; AEGYPTI; VECTORS; LIGHT AB Field trials evaluating the effectiveness of selected gravid trap oviposition media and commercially available mosquito traps were conducted in southern Fulton County (Atlanta), GA, from June 9 to June 18 and June 24 to July 4, 2002, respectively. Total number of mosquitoes and number of each species captured during the tests were compared using a Latin square design. For the gravid trap infusion media, significant differences were found for total number of mosquitoes collected where sod : hay ! hay side-by-side diluted hay > dilute hay side-by-side hay greater than or equal to oak > diluted hay. Only Aedes albopictus (oak), Culex quinquefasciatus (sod and both concentrated hay infusions), and Culex restuans (sod) were captured in significantly greater numbers using a particular infusion. Significant differences for the total number of mosquitoes collected were also observed in the commercial mosquito traps such that the gravid trap > ultra violet up-draft Mosquito Magnet(TM) Pro greater than or equal to omnidirectional Fay-Prince trap with CO2 > up-draft CDC-style with CO2 greater than or equal to CDC-style with CO2. Significant differences in numbers collected among traps were noted for several species, including Aedes vexans, Aedes albopictus, Cx. quinquefusciatus, Cx. restuans, and Culex salinarius. Results from these field trap and infusion evaluations can enhance current surveillance efforts, especially for the primary vectors of West Nile virus and other arboviruses. C1 USAF, Inst Technol Educ Ind, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Epidemiol Branch, Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Burkett, DA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol Educ Ind, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 233 EP 238 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 859RE UT WOS:000224284800004 PM 15532919 ER PT J AU Nace, D Williams, T Sullivan, J Williams, A Galland, GG Collins, WE AF Nace, D Williams, T Sullivan, J Williams, A Galland, GG Collins, WE TI Susceptibility of Anopheles farauti to infection with different species of Plasmodium SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Anopheles farauti; Anopheles freeborni; Anopheles stephensi; mosquitoes; Plasmodium ID AOTUS MONKEYS; HUMAN MALARIA; VIVAX; STRAIN; MOSQUITOS AB A colony of Anopheles farauti, originally from the island of New Britain in Papua New Guinea, was tested for its receptivity to infection with different species of Plasmodium in comparison with An. freeborni and An. stephensi. This colony adapted well to feeding on monkeys and was infected with New World and Old World strains of P. vivax and P. falciparum, P. ovale, P. cynomolgi, and P. brasilianum. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Publ Hlth Serv, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Atlant Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anim Resources Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Publ Hlth Serv, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 272 EP 276 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 859RE UT WOS:000224284800011 PM 15532926 ER PT J AU Lepore, TJ Pollack, RJ Spielman, A Reiter, P AF Lepore, TJ Pollack, RJ Spielman, A Reiter, P TI A readily constructed lard-can trap for sampling host-seeking mosquitoes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE lard-can trap; West Nile virus; Culex sp.; mosquito trap; mosquito surveillance AB Although lard-can traps have been used for sampling host-seeking mosquitoes for at least a half-century, the materials from which they originally were constructed no longer are available. We therefore devised a method for constructing such devices from parts available in the ventilation industry. These traps, baited with birds and mounted near the tops of trees, were employed to monitor the host-seeking activity of Culex spp. mosquitoes. Lard-can traps, constructed in this manner, are economical and sturdy and effectively sample the Culex mosquitoes that appear to perpetuate West Nile virus in North America. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Reiter, P (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, Unit Insect & Infect Dis, 23-25 Rue Dr Roux, F-75724 Paris 15, France. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 44064] NR 3 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 321 EP 322 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 859RE UT WOS:000224284800022 PM 15532937 ER PT J AU Kraut-Becher, JR Gift, TL Haddix, AC Irwin, KL Greifinger, RB AF Kraut-Becher, JR Gift, TL Haddix, AC Irwin, KL Greifinger, RB TI Cost-effectiveness of universal screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea in US jails SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE chlamydia; cost-effectiveness analysis; gonorrhea; jails; screening ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; LIGASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; PUBLIC-HEALTH OPPORTUNITY; FAMILY-PLANNING CLINICS; TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; ASYMPTOMATIC WOMEN; URINE SPECIMENS; CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES AB Universal screening for the sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) of chlamydia and gonorrhea on intake in jails has been proposed as the most effective strategy to decrease morbidity in inmates and to reduce transmission risk in communities after release. Most inmates come from a population that is at elevated risk for STDs and has limited access to health care. However, limited resources and competing priorities force decision makers to consider the cost of screening programs in comparison to other needs. The costs and cost-effectiveness of universal screening in correctional settings have not been documented. We estimated the incremental cost-effectiveness of universal urine-based screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea among inmates on intake in US jails compared to the commonly used practice of presumptive treatment of symptomatic inmates without laboratory testing. Decision analysis models were developed to estimate the costeffectiveness of screening alternatives and were applied to hypothetical cohorts of male and female inmates. For women, universal screening for chlamydia only was cost-saving to the health care system, averting more health care costs than were incurred in screening and treatment. However, for men universal chlamydia screening cost $4,856 more per case treated than presumptive treatment. Universal screening for both chlamydia and gonorrhea infection cost the health care system $3,690 more per case of pelvic inflammatory disease averted for women and $650 more per case of infection treated for men compared to universal screening for chlamydia only. jails with a high prevalence of chlamydia and gonorrhea represent an operationally feasible and cost-effective setting to universally test and treat women at high risk for STDs and with limited access to care elsewhere. C1 Univ Penn, Ctr Studies Addict, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Swarthmore Coll, Dept Econ, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Kraut-Becher, JR (reprint author), Univ Penn, Ctr Studies Addict, 3535 Market St,4th Floor,Suite 4000, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM julie6@mail.med.upenn.edu NR 78 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD SEP PY 2004 VL 81 IS 3 BP 453 EP 471 DI 10.1093/jurban/jth130 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 844IS UT WOS:000223152200013 PM 15273268 ER PT J AU Gross, DK Morley, PS Hinchcliff, KW Reichle, JK Slemons, RD AF Gross, DK Morley, PS Hinchcliff, KW Reichle, JK Slemons, RD TI Pulmonary ultrasonographic abnormalities associated with naturally occurring equine influenza virus infection in standardbred racehorses SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE horse; infectious upper respiratory disease; lung; ultrasound; upper respiratory disease ID SINGLE RADIAL HEMOLYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND; LUNG CONSOLIDATION; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; PLEURAL EFFUSION; HORSES; DISEASE; EXERCISE; HEMORRHAGE; APPEARANCE AB The purpose of this investigation was to determine if naturally occurring acute infectious upper respiratory disease (IRD) caused by equine influenza virus is associated with ultrasonographically detectable pleural and pulmonary abnormalities in horses. Standardbred racehorses were evaluated for signs of IRD, defined as acute coughing or mucopurulent nasal discharge. For every horse with IRD (n = 16), 1 or 2 horses with no signs of IRD and the same owner or trainer (n 30) were included. Thoracic ultrasonography was performed within 5-10 days of the onset of clinical disease in horses with IRD. Horses without IRD were examined at the same time as the horses with IRD with which they were enrolled. The rank of the ultrasound scores of horses with IRD was compared to that of horses without IRD. Equine influenza virus was identified as the primary etiologic agent associated with IRD in this study. Mild lung consolidation and peripheral pulmonary irregularities were found in 11 (69%) of 16 of the horses with IRD and 11 (37%) of 30 of control horses. Lung consolidation (median score = 1) and peripheral irregularities scores (median score = 1) were greater in horses with IRD compared to horses without IRD (median score = 0; P < .05). Pleural effusion was not observed. Equine influenza virus infection can result in abnormalities of the equine lower respiratory tract. Despite the mild nature of IRD observed in this study, lung consolidation and peripheral pulmonary irregularities were more commonly observed in horses with clinical signs of IRD. Further work is needed to determine the clinical significance of these ultrasonographic abnormalities. C1 Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Gross, DK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 CLifton Rd,C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gross.126@osu.edu OI Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714; Hinchcliff, Kenneth/0000-0002-0388-912X NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE PI LAKEWOOD PA 7175 W JEFFERSON AVE, STE 2125, LAKEWOOD, CO 80235 USA SN 0891-6640 J9 J VET INTERN MED JI J. Vet. Intern. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 18 IS 5 BP 718 EP 727 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 861TL UT WOS:000224441400020 PM 15515590 ER PT J AU Guirakhoo, F Zhang, Z Myers, G Johnson, BW Pugachev, K Nichols, R Brown, N Levenbook, I Draper, K Cyrek, S Lang, J Fournier, C Barrere, B Delagrave, S Monath, TP AF Guirakhoo, F Zhang, Z Myers, G Johnson, BW Pugachev, K Nichols, R Brown, N Levenbook, I Draper, K Cyrek, S Lang, J Fournier, C Barrere, B Delagrave, S Monath, TP TI A single amino acid substitution in the envelope protein of chimeric yellow fever-dengue 1 vaccine virus reduces neurovirulence for suckling mice and viremia/viscerotropism for monkeys SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATTENUATED DENGUE VACCINES; SERIOUS ADVERSE EVENTS; FEVER 17DD VACCINE; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; GROWTH-CHARACTERISTICS; AEDES-AEGYPTI; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; TETRAVALENT VACCINE; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RISK FACTOR AB A chimeric yellow fever-dengue 1 (ChimeriVax-DEN1) virus was produced by the transfection of Vero cells with chimeric in vitro RNA transcripts. The cell culture supernatant was subjected to plaque purification for the identification of a vaccine candidate without mutations. Of 10 plaque-purified clones, 1 containing no mutation (clone J) was selected for production of the vaccine virus. During subsequent cell culture passaging of this clone for vaccine production, a single amino acid substitution (K to R) occurred in the envelope (E) protein at residue 204 (E204) (F. Guirakhoo, K. Pugachev, Z. Zhang, G. Myers, I. Levenbook, K. Draper, J. Lang, S. Ocran, F. Mitchell, M. Parsons, N. Brown, S. Brandler, C. Fournier, B. Barrere, F. Rizvi, A. Travassos, R. Nichols, D. Trent, and T. Monath, J. Virol. 78:4761-4775,2004). The same mutation was observed in another clone (clone E). This mutation attenuated the virus in 4-day-old suckling mice inoculated by the intracerebral (i.c.) route and led to reduced viremia in monkeys inoculated by the subcutaneous or i.c. route. The histopathology scores of lesions in the brain tissue of monkeys inoculated with either the E204K or E204R virus were reduced compared to those for monkeys inoculated with the reference virus, a commercial yellow fever 17D vaccine (YF-VAX). Both viruses grew to significantly lower titers than YF-VAX in HepG2, a human hepatoma cell line. After intrathoracic inoculation into mosquitoes, both viruses grew to a similar level as YF-VAX, which was significantly lower than that of their wild-type DEN1 parent virus. A comparison of the E-protein structures of nonmutant and mutant viruses suggested the appearance of new intramolecular bonds between residues 204R, 261H, and 257E in the mutant virus. These changes may be responsible for virus attenuation through a change in the pH threshold for virus envelope fusion with the host cell membrane. C1 Acambis Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Charles River Labs Inc, Discovery & Dev Serv, Sierra Div, Sparks, NV USA. Aventis Pasteur, Marcy Letoile, France. BioTech Studio LLC, Newark, DE USA. RP Guirakhoo, F (reprint author), Acambis Inc, 38 Sidney St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM farshad.guirakhoo@acambis.com FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI49517-01] NR 39 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 78 IS 18 BP 9998 EP 10008 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.18.9998-10008.2004 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 851QY UT WOS:000223701100044 PM 15331733 ER PT J AU Aral, MM Guan, J Maslia, ML Sautner, JB Gillig, RE Reyes, JJ Williams, RC AF Aral, M. M. Guan, J. Maslia, M. L. Sautner, J. B. Gillig, R. E. Reyes, J. J. Williams, R. C. TI Optimal reconstruction of historical water supply to a distribution system: A. Methodology SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE exposure-dose reconstruction; genetic algorithm; water distribution system AB The New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services (NJDHSS), with support from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) conducted an epidemiological study of childhood leukaemia and nervous system cancers that occurred in the period 1979 through 1996 in Dover Township, Ocean County, New Jersey. The epidemiological study explored a wide variety of possible risk factors, including environmental exposures. ATSDR and NJDHSS determined that completed human exposure pathways to groundwater contaminants occurred in the past through private and community water supplies (i.e. the water distribution system serving the area). To investigate this exposure, a model of the water distribution system was developed and calibrated through an extensive field investigation. The components of this water distribution system, such as number of pipes, number of tanks, and number of supply wells in the network, changed significantly over a 35-year period (1962-1996), the time frame established for the epidemiological study. Data on the historical management of this system was limited. Thus, it was necessary to investigate alternative ways to reconstruct the operation of the system and test the sensitivity of the system to various alternative operations. Manual reconstruction of the historical water supply to the system in order to provide this sensitivity analysis was time-consuming and labour intensive, given the complexity of the system and the time constraints imposed on the study. To address these issues, the problem was formulated as an optimization problem, where it was assumed that the water distribution system was operated in an optimum manner at all times to satisfy the constraints in the system. The solution to the optimization problem provided the historical water supply strategy in a consistent manner for each month of the study period. The non-uniqueness of the selected historical water supply strategy was addressed by the formulation of a second model, which was based on the first solution. Numerous other sensitivity analyses were also conducted using these two models. Both models are solved using a two-stage progressive optimality algorithm along with genetic algorithms (GAs) and the EPANET2 water distribution network solver. This process reduced the required solution time and generated a historically consistent water supply strategy for the water distribution system. C1 [Aral, M. M.; Guan, J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Multimedia Environm Simulat Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Maslia, M. L.; Sautner, J. B.; Gillig, R. E.; Reyes, J. J.; Williams, R. C.] Agcy Toxic Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Assessment & Consultat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Aral, MM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Multimedia Environm Simulat Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM maral@ce.gatech.edu FU Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) [U50/ATU499828-06]; US Department of Health and Human Services and the Georgia Institute of Technology FX The research described in this paper was supported by Cooperative Agreement award number U50/ATU499828-06 for the Research Program for Exposure-Dose Reconstruction between the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), US Department of Health and Human Services and the Georgia Institute of Technology. The authors express appreciation to their colleagues at ATSDR, the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, and the US Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, for assistance with, and suggestions for, various phases of the project. Additionally, appreciation is expressed to RADM (ret.) Barry L. Johnson, PhD for his initial support of the project, and to Henry Falk, MD, Director, National Center for Environmental Health/ATSDR, for his continued support of the project. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PD SEP PY 2004 VL 2 IS 3 BP 123 EP 136 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA V58BM UT WOS:000203924600001 PM 15497810 ER PT J AU Aral, MM Guan, J Maslia, ML Sautner, JB Gillig, RE Reyes, JJ Williams, RC AF Aral, M. M. Guan, J. Maslia, M. L. Sautner, J. B. Gillig, R. E. Reyes, J. J. Williams, R. C. TI Optimal reconstruction of historical water supply to a distribution system: B. Applications SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE exposure-dose reconstruction; genetic algorithm; water distribution system AB In a recently completed case-control epidemiological study, the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services (NJDHSS) with support from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) documented an association between prenatal exposure to a specific contaminated community water source and leukaemia in female children. An important and necessary step in the epidemiological study was the reconstruction of the historical water supply strategy of the water distribution system serving the Dover Township area, New Jersey. The sensitivity of solutions to: (1) pressure and pattern factor constraints, (2) allowable operational extremes of water levels in the storage tanks, and (3) the non-uniqueness of the water supply solution are analysed in detail. The computational results show that the proposed approach yields satisfactory results for the complete set of monthly simulations and sensitivity analyses, providing a consistent approach for identifying the historical water supply strategy of the water distribution system. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the alternative strategy obtained from the revised objective function and the variation of constraints did not yield significantly different water supply characteristics. The overall analysis demonstrates that the progressive optimality genetic algorithm (POGA) developed to solve the optimization problem is an effective and efficient algorithm for the reconstruction of water supply strategies in water distribution systems. C1 [Aral, M. M.; Guan, J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Multimedia Environm Simulat Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Maslia, M. L.; Sautner, J. B.; Gillig, R. E.; Reyes, J. J.; Williams, R. C.] Agcy Toxic Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Assessment & Consultat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Aral, MM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Multimedia Environm Simulat Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM maral@ce.gatech.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PD SEP PY 2004 VL 2 IS 3 BP 137 EP 156 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA V58BM UT WOS:000203924600002 PM 15497811 ER PT J AU Mack, KA AF Mack, KA TI Report from the CDC - Fatal and nonfatal unintentional injuries in adult women, United States SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HIP FRACTURE; HEALTH; MORTALITY; MEN AB Objectives: Although we know that injury death rates are lower for women than for men at all ages, we still have a long way to go in exploring the impact of unintentional injuries on women's lives. This paper reviews the leading causes of unintentional injury death and nonfatal injuries for adult women. It also explores selected activities of the Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention (CDC's National Center for Injury Prevention). Methods: Data come from the Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS). Mortality data for the system come from the National Center for Health Statistics (CDC's annual mortality data files). Nonfatal injury data for the system come from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). Results: Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death for women ages 18-34 and the eighth leading cause of death for adult women overall. In 2001, 31,400 adult women died as a result of unintentional injuries. Incidents related to motor vehicle traffic were the leading cause of unintentional injury death for women aged 18-74 years. Falls were the leading cause of unintentional injury deaths among women aged 75 years and older. In 2002, unintentional injuries accounted for over 8.6 million emergency department visits for adult women. The leading cause of nonfatal unintentional injury for adult women aged 25 years and older was fall related. Conclusions: Unintentional injury creates an enormous burden on the lives of women. Moving forward in reducing the burden of unintentional injury requires assessing and understanding the impact of these injuries on the lives of women. Further work is needed to develop a strong context and framework for research and dissemination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mack, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,K63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kmack@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD SEP PY 2004 VL 13 IS 7 BP 754 EP 763 DI 10.1089/jwh.2004.13.754 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 859MM UT WOS:000224268000001 PM 15385069 ER PT J AU Iademarco, MF Sodt, D AF Iademarco, MF Sodt, D TI Evaluation and epidemiological research in tuberculosis control: Linking medical care and public health SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Editorial Material ID FOREIGN-BORN RESIDENTS; NEW-JERSEY; US-BORN; MASSACHUSETTS; FLORIDA; COUNTY; TEXAS AB The epidemiology of tuberculosis among foreign-born populations differs considerably from area to area. To tailor tuberculosis-control efforts to local needs, tuberculosis-control programs should develop epidemiologic profiles to identify groups of foreign-born persons in their jurisdictions who are at high risk for [tuberculosis].(1) C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol Prevent & Control Div, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Iademarco, MF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Mailstop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM miademarco@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS PI ROCHESTER PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 0025-6196 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 79 IS 9 BP 1110 EP 1112 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 851UT UT WOS:000223711900003 PM 15357031 ER PT J AU Tudor-Locke, C Ham, SA Macera, CA Ainsworth, BE Kirtland, KA Reis, JP Kimsey, CD AF Tudor-Locke, C Ham, SA Macera, CA Ainsworth, BE Kirtland, KA Reis, JP Kimsey, CD TI Descriptive epidemiology of pedometer-determined physical activity SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE exercise; walking; survey; surveillance; variability ID AMBULATORY ACTIVITY; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; QUESTIONNAIRE; ACCELEROMETER; EXERCISE; ADULTS; HEALTH; PREVALENCE; ACCURACY; WALKING AB Purpose: The dual purposes of this study were: 1) to provide preliminary descriptive epidemiology data representing pedometer-determined physical activity (PA) and 2) to explore sources of intra-individual variability in steps per day. Methods: All participants (76 males, age 48.4 +/- 16.3 yr, body mass index (BMI) = 27.1 +/- 5.1 kg(.)m(-2); 133 females, age = 47.4 +/- 17.5 yr, BMI = 26.9 +/- 5.7 kg(.)m(-2)) resided in Sumter County, SC, and were recruited by telephone to receive a mailed kit to self-monitor PA for 1 wk. Statistical analyses compared mean steps per day between sexes, races, age groups, education and income levels, and BMI categories. Mean steps per day were also compared between: 1) weekdays versus weekend days, 2) workdays versus nonworkdays, and 3) days of sport/exercise versus no participation. Results: The entire sample took 5931 +/- 3664 steps(.)d(-1) (males = 7192 +/- 3596 vs females = 5210 +/- 3518 steps(.)d(-1), t = 7.88, P < 0.0001). Significant differences were also indicated by race, age, education, income, and BMI. In addition, weekdays were significantly higher than weekend days, workdays were higher than nonworkdays, and sport/exercise days were higher than nonsport/exercise days. Conclusions: The large standard deviations reflect a wide distribution of ambulatory behavior. Regardless, important differences are still evident by demographic characteristics, BMI categories, day of the week, and reported engagement in work or sport/exercise. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Exercise & Wellness, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & PA, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, Columbia, SC USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Exercise & Nutrit Sci, San Diego, CA USA. RP Tudor-Locke, C (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Exercise & Wellness, CLAS Bldg,Room 160,7001 E Williams Field Rd, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM Tudor-Locke@asu.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U36/CCU300430-20, U48/CCU409664] NR 31 TC 121 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 36 IS 9 BP 1567 EP 1573 DI 10.1249/01.MSS.0000139806.53824.2E PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 855IP UT WOS:000223967100016 PM 15354039 ER PT J AU Longnecker, MP Hoffman, HJ Klebanoff, MA Brock, JW Zhou, HB Needham, L Adera, T Guo, XG Gray, KA AF Longnecker, MP Hoffman, HJ Klebanoff, MA Brock, JW Zhou, HB Needham, L Adera, T Guo, XG Gray, KA TI In utero exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and sensorineural hearing loss in 8-year-old children SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE in utero exposure; polychlorinated biphenyls; sensorineural hearing loss ID HUMAN-MILK; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; PCB; SERUM; RATS; DEFICITS; ORGANOCHLORINES; DIBENZOFURANS; AROCLOR-1254; PESTICIDES AB Early-life exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, increases the hearing threshold at selected frequencies in rats. Among humans from the Faroe Islands with unusually high early-life PCB exposure, exposure was directly associated with increased hearing thresholds at two frequencies, although the deficits were present in the left ear but not the right. We examined PCB levels in maternal pregnancy serum in relation with audiometrically determined hearing thresholds among offspring when they were of school age. Complete data were available for 195 children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and 615 children selected at random, all of whom were born in 1959-1966 in the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP) U.S. cohort. The median exposure among those selected at random, as reflected by the mother's third trimester serum total PCB concentration, was 2.8 mug/l, about twofold higher than recent background levels in the United States. Based on the average hearing threshold across the frequencies essential for speech recognition in the "worst ear," the maternal serum PCB level was unrelated to the adjusted odds of SNHL or to adjusted mean hearing threshold. Overall, an adverse effect of early-life, background-level PCB exposure on SNHL was not supported by these data. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Inst Deafness & Other Commun Disorders, Bethesda, MD USA. NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Richmond, VA USA. Constella Grp Inc, Durham, NC USA. NIEHS, Div Extramural Res & Training, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Longnecker, MP (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 12233,MD A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM longnecker@niehs.nih.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; OI Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 26 IS 5 BP 629 EP 637 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2004.04.007 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 852LF UT WOS:000223756100002 PM 15315812 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, IB Mack, KA Mokdad, A AF Ahluwalia, IB Mack, KA Mokdad, A TI Mental and physical distress and high-risk behaviors among reproductive-age women SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-COMORBIDITY-SURVEY; FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; UNITED-STATES; PREGNANCY; HEALTH; DEPRESSION; DISORDERS; PREVALENCE; ABUSE AB OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of mental and physical distress indicators among women of reproductive age and the association of these indicators with cigarette smoking and alcohol use, by pregnancy status. METHODS: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for several years were aggregated across states and weighted for this analysis. Seven measures of self-reported mental and physical distress and general health were examined along with demographic variables. RESULTS: Overall, 6.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.5-6.9) of women reported frequent physical distress, 12.3% (95% CI 12.0-12.6) reported frequent mental distress, 9.9% (95% CI 9.4-10.4) reported frequent depression, 18.4% (95% CI 17.8-19.1) reported feeling anxious, and 34.3% (95% CI 33.5-35.1) reported that they frequently did not get enough rest. At the time of the survey 4.6% of the women were pregnant. Pregnant women were less likely than nonpregnant women to report frequent mental distress. Although there was attenuation of cigarette smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy, those with mental and physical distress were more likely to consume cigarettes and alcohol than were those without such experiences. CONCLUSION: High proportions of reproductive-age women report frequent mental and physical distress. Women experiencing mental and physical distress were more likely to report consuming cigarettes and alcohol than women without such experiences. (C) 2004 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Div Unintentional Injury, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ahluwalia, IB (reprint author), CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Iahluwalia@cdc.gov RI Mack, Karin/A-3263-2012 OI Mack, Karin/0000-0001-9274-3001 NR 32 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 104 IS 3 BP 477 EP 483 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000137920.58741.26 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 875JB UT WOS:000225415200008 PM 15339756 ER PT J AU Bartlett, LA Zane, SB Berg, CJ AF Bartlett, LA Zane, SB Berg, CJ TI Risk factors for legal induced abortion-related mortality in the United States - In reply SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PREGNANCY; FINLAND C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bartlett, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LTB7@CDC.GOV NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 104 IS 3 BP 636 EP 636 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000137733.29798.4e PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 875JB UT WOS:000225415200041 ER PT J AU Iskander, JK Miller, ER Chen, RT AF Iskander, JK Miller, ER Chen, RT TI The role of the vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) in monitoring vaccine safety SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID INACTIVATED POLIOVIRUS VACCINATION; UNITED-STATES; CUTTER INCIDENT; ROTAVIRUS VACCINE; INTUSSUSCEPTION; POLIOMYELITIS; SURVEILLANCE; IMMUNIZATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Safety Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Iskander, JK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Safety Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 37 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 33 IS 9 BP 599 EP 606 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 854IW UT WOS:000223897300007 PM 15462575 ER PT J AU Martin, M Casellas, JM Madhi, SA Urquhart, TJ Delport, SD Ferrero, F Chamany, S Dayan, GH Rose, CE Levine, OS Klugman, KP Feikin, DR AF Martin, M Casellas, JM Madhi, SA Urquhart, TJ Delport, SD Ferrero, F Chamany, S Dayan, GH Rose, CE Levine, OS Klugman, KP Feikin, DR TI Impact of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in South Africa and Argentina SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine; Haemophilus influenzae; vaccine; immunization ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; CHILDREN; MENINGITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION; DIAGNOSIS; INFANTS; DISEASE; GAMBIA; BURDEN AB Introduction: Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) persists as a major cause of pediatric meningitis and pneumonia in developing countries in which Hib conjugate vaccines are not used. Demonstration of decreases in severe Hib disease after countries introduce Hib conjugate vaccine will help justify the resources necessary to purchase and provide the vaccine. Because surveillance for culture-confirmed Hib meningitis is not available in many countries, alternative means to measure the impact of Hib conjugate vaccine would be useful. Methods: Laboratory records from the years before and after introduction of the Hib conjugate vaccine were reviewed at 4 hospitals, 2 in Argentina and 2 in South Africa. Potential indicators of bacterial meningitis including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture, white blood cell count, appearance, protein and glucose were recorded. Results: After introduction of Hib conjugate vaccine, culture-confirmed Hib meningitis declined significantly at 3 of 4 hospitals (2 in Argentina and 1 in South Africa). In the same 3 hospitals, there was a significant decline after vaccine introduction in some of the following CSF indicators of bacterial meningitis: proportion of CSF specimens with white blood cell count greater than or equal to100 x 10(6)/L, 500 x 10(6)/L and 1000 x 10(6)/L; glucose <40 mg/dL; protein >100 mg/dL; and turbid appearance. Conclusions: Culture-confirmed Hib meningitis declined at 3 of the 4 hospitals after Hib vaccine introduction. Surrogate indicators of bacterial meningitis also declined and might be useful measures of Hib conjugate vaccine impact at hospitals where capacity to culture Hib is not available. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hosp Materno Infantil San Isidro, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. MRC, Wits, NICD Resp & Meningeal Pathogens Res Unit, Soweto, South Africa. Pretoria Cent Hosp, Pretoria, South Africa. Hosp Gen De Ninos, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Martin, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Dfeikin@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 23 IS 9 BP 842 EP 847 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000137575.82874.0c PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 854KC UT WOS:000223900500009 PM 15361724 ER PT J AU Castor, ML Beach, MJ AF Castor, ML Beach, MJ TI Reducing illness transmission from disinfected recreational water venues - Swimming, diarrhea and the emergence of a new public health concern SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE recreational water illnesses; swimming; Cryptosporidium; swimming pools; education; shiga toxinproducing; Escherichia coli; Giardia; Escherichia coli O157 : H7 ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; OUTBREAK; CHLORINE; MONOCHLORAMINE; INACTIVATION; INFECTION; OOCYSTS; GIARDIA; DISEASE AB Recreational water-related illnesses are associated with swimming in contaminated water venues. The transmission of diarrheal illness in disinfected settings is influenced by several factors which include: chlorine resistance in waterborne pathogens; poor facility maintenance of disinfectant levels; and lack of healthy swimming habits. Health care providers can help to disseminate healthy swimming messages to their patients and help to prevent and control this emerging public health concern. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Med Residency Program, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Castor, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 23 IS 9 BP 866 EP 870 DI 10.1097/inf.0000138081.84891.30 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 854KC UT WOS:000223900500013 PM 15361728 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, JB Gessner, BD Lynn, TV Funk, EA Middaugh, JP AF McLaughlin, JB Gessner, BD Lynn, TV Funk, EA Middaugh, JP TI Association of regulatory issues with an echovirus 18 meningitis outbreak at a children's summer camp in Alaska SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE meningitis; outbreak; camp; regulations ID VIRUS AB We document an echovirus 18 meningitis outbreak occurring at a remote overnight children's camp in Alaska. The outbreak involved 26% of 113 camp residents, was associated with building overcrowding and occurred in a camp with a contaminated drinking water source. Lack of specific children's camp regulations and failure to implement and enforce existing regulations may have contributed to the outbreak. C1 Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McLaughlin, JB (reprint author), Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Div Publ Hlth, 3601 C St,Suite 540, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM joe_mclaughlin@health.state.ak.us NR 5 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 23 IS 9 BP 875 EP 877 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000136867.18026.22 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 854KC UT WOS:000223900500016 PM 15361731 ER PT J AU Poehling, KA Lafleur, BJ Szilagyi, PG Edwards, KM Mitchel, E Barth, R Schwartz, B Griffin, MR AF Poehling, KA Lafleur, BJ Szilagyi, PG Edwards, KM Mitchel, E Barth, R Schwartz, B Griffin, MR TI Population-based impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in young children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; otitis media; pneumonia; Streptococcus pneumoniae ID ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; HOSPITALIZATION; PREVENTION; INFLUENZA; EFFICACY; RATES AB Objective. To determine the population impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) on pneumococcal-related diseases, including pneumonia and otitis media. Methods. Using administrative data from Tennessee Medicaid and 3 commercial insurance plans in upstate New York, we measured annual rates of medical visits for pneumococcal-related diseases ( pneumococcal and nonspecific pneumonia and invasive disease; otitis media) and pneumococcal- unrelated diseases ( other acute respiratory illnesses). Disease rates before ( 1995 - 2000 in Tennessee; 1998 - 2000 in New York) and after ( 2000 - 2002) PCV licensure were calculated for children aged < 2 years ( eligible for PCV) and those 3 to 5 years ( not routinely given PCV). Because annual variations should affect both age groups similarly and vaccine-related outcomes should preferentially decline in younger children, ratios (< 2: 3 - 5 years) of disease rates before and after PCV licensure were compared. Expected disease rates were calculated for children aged < 2 years in each postvaccine year. The difference between observed and expected disease rates was the estimated vaccine effect. Results. In 2001 - 2002, there were 67 380 and 9485 child-years of observation for Tennessee and New York children aged < 2 years, respectively. We observed fewer visits for pneumonia and invasive disease per 1000 children than expected in both regions: 20 fewer emergency department or outpatient visits in Tennessee and 33 fewer outpatient visits in New York. Otitis media visits declined by 118 and 430 per 1000 children in Tennessee and New York, respectively. Conclusions. Adding PCV to the childhood immunization schedule was associated with a 10-fold greater reduction in pneumonia and a 100-fold greater reduction in otitis media than the previously reported reduction in culture-confirmed invasive pneumococcal diseases of 1.3 episodes per 1000 children aged < 2 years. Although additional studies are needed to confirm the impact of routine immunization with PCV on pneumococcal- related disease, these results suggest that its impact is substantially greater than the effects on invasive disease alone. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Med Ctr N A1110, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Educ & Res Therapeut, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Strong Childrens Res Ctr, Rochester, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, New Vaccine Surveillance Network, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Griffin, MR (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Med Ctr N A1110, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM marie.griffin@vanderbilt.edu FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-0825]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U38/CCU417958, U50/CCU30086] NR 33 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2004 VL 114 IS 3 BP 755 EP 761 DI 10.1542/peds.2003-0592-F PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 851AU UT WOS:000223657600027 PM 15342850 ER PT J AU Fischer, TK Bihrmann, K Perch, M Koch, A Wohlfahrt, J Kare, M Melbye, M AF Fischer, TK Bihrmann, K Perch, M Koch, A Wohlfahrt, J Kare, M Melbye, M TI Intussusception in early childhood: A cohort study of 1.7 million children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE children; incidence; intussusception; population-based studies ID ORAL POLIO VACCINE; ROTAVIRUS INFECTION; INFANTS; ASSOCIATION; TRENDS AB Objective. To describe incidence and temporal trends of intussusceptions in Danish children during 1980 to 2001. Methods. A population-based cohort study was conducted of 1.67 million children who were younger than 5 years during 1980 to 2001 and were followed up for 6.66 million person-years. The Danish National Patient Registry was used to identify cases of intussusception in the cohort. Age-specific incidence rates were main outcome measure. Results. A total of 1814 cases of intussusception among children who were younger than 5 years were reported from 1980 to 2001. The incidence rate remained fairly constant during 1980 to 1990 but decreased by 55% (95% confidence interval: 43% - 65%) from 1990 to 2001. The reduction was most pronounced among children aged 3 to 5 months. Conclusions. The incidence of intussusception among Danish children declined significantly during the 1990s, particularly among infants 3 to 5 months of age. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Statens Serum Inst, Dept Epidemiol Res, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. Statens Serum Inst, Dept Epidemiol, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. Amager Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Fischer, TK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-A34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM thf7@cdc.gov OI perch, michael/0000-0001-9740-1246; Koch, Anders/0000-0001-9205-1048; Fischer, Thea Kolsen/0000-0003-4812-980X NR 22 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2004 VL 114 IS 3 BP 782 EP 785 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-0390 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 851AU UT WOS:000223657600031 PM 15342854 ER PT J AU Parker, SK Schwartz, B Todd, J Pickering, LK AF Parker, SK Schwartz, B Todd, J Pickering, LK TI Thimerosal-containing vaccines and autistic spectrum disorder: A critical review of published original data SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review DE thimerosal; thiomersal; mercury; vaccine; methylmercury; ethylmercury; autism; autistic disorder; autistic spectrum disorder; developmental disorder; neurodevelopmental disorder ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS; RUBELLA VACCINATION; POPULATION; CHILDREN; MEASLES; PREVALENCE; SURVEILLANCE; INFANTS; SAFETY AB Objective. The issue of thimerosal-containing vaccines as a possible cause of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) has been a controversial topic since 1999. Although most practitioners are familiar with the controversy, many are not familiar with the type or quality of evidence in published articles that have addressed this issue. To assess the quality of evidence assessing a potential association between thimerosal-containing vaccines and autism and evaluate whether that evidence suggests accepting or rejecting the hypothesis, we systematically reviewed published articles that report original data pertinent to the potential association between thimerosal-containing vaccines and ASD/NDDs. Methods. Articles for analysis were identified in the National Library of Medicine's Medline database using a PubMed search of the English- language literature for articles published between 1966 and 2004, using keywords thimerosal, thiomersal, mercury, methylmercury, or ethylmercury alone and combined with keywords autistic disorder, autistic spectrum disorder, and neurodevelopment. In addition, we used the "related links" option in PubMed and reviewed the reference sections in the identified articles. All original articles that evaluated an association between thimerosal-containing vaccines and ASD/NDDs or pharmacokinetics of ethylmercury in vaccines were included. Results. Twelve publications that met the selection criteria were identified by the literature search: 10 epidemiologic studies and 2 pharmacokinetic studies of ethylmercury. The design and quality of the studies showed significant variation. The preponderance of epidemiologic evidence does not support an association between thimerosal-containing vaccines and ASD. Epidemiologic studies that support an association are of poor quality and cannot be interpreted. Pharmacokinetic studies suggest that the half-life of ethylmercury is significantly shorter when compared with methylmercury. Conclusions. Studies do not demonstrate a link between thimerosal-containing vaccines and ASD, and the pharmacokinetics of ethylmercury make such an association less likely. Epidemiologic studies that support a link demonstrated significant design flaws that invalidate their conclusions. Evidence does not support a change in the standard of practice with regard to administration of thimerosal-containing vaccines in areas of the world where they are used. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Parker, SK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, 4200 E 9th Ave,Box B175, Denver, CO 80262 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [1 K08 AI050646-01A1] NR 57 TC 107 Z9 117 U1 10 U2 60 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2004 VL 114 IS 3 BP 793 EP 804 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-0434 PG 12 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 851AU UT WOS:000223657600033 PM 15342856 ER PT J AU Peters, V Liu, KL Gill, B Thomas, P Dominguez, K Frederick, T Melville, SK Hsu, HW Ortiz, I Rakusan, T AF Peters, V Liu, KL Gill, B Thomas, P Dominguez, K Frederick, T Melville, SK Hsu, HW Ortiz, I Rakusan, T CA PSD Consortium TI Missed opportunities for perinatal HIV prevention among HIV-exposed infants born 1996-2000, pediatric spectrum of HIV disease cohort SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter ID TRANSMISSION C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mother Child Transmiss Pediat & Adolescent Studie, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent,Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Bur HIV & STD Prevent, Austin, TX 78756 USA. State Labs Inst, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 USA. Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, AIDS Surveillance Off, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Washington, DC 20010 USA. PSD Consortium, PSD Project, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Peters, V (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY 10013 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2004 VL 114 IS 3 BP 905 EP 906 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-0822 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 851AU UT WOS:000223657600065 PM 15342884 ER PT J AU D'Angelo, DV Gilbert, BC Rochat, RW Santelli, JS Herold, JM AF D'Angelo, DV Gilbert, BC Rochat, RW Santelli, JS Herold, JM TI Differences between mistimed and unwanted pregnancies among women who have live births SO PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; UNITED-STATES; BEHAVIOR; OUTCOMES; HEALTH; INTENTIONS; WANTEDNESS AB CONTEXT. Mistimed and unwanted pregnancies that result in live births are commonly considered together as unintended pregnancies, but they may have different precursors and outcomes. METHODS: Data from 15 states participating in the 1998 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System were used to calculate the prevalence of intended, mistimed and unwanted conceptions, by selected variables. Associations between unintendedness and women's behaviors and experiences before, during and after the pregnancy were assessed through unadjusted relative risks. RESULTS. The distribution of intended, mistimed and unwanted pregnancies differed on nearly every variable examined; risky behaviors and adverse experiences were more common among women with mistimed than intended pregnancies and were most common among those whose pregnancies were unwanted. The likelihood of having an unwanted rather than mistimed pregnancy was elevated for women 35 or older (relative risk, 2.3) and was reduced for those younger than 25 (0.8), the pattern was reversed for the likelihood of mistimed rather than intended pregnancy (0.5 vs. 1.7-2.7). Porous women had an increased risk of an unwanted pregnancy (2.1-4.0) but a decreased risk of a mistimed one(0.9). Women who smoked in the third trimester, received delayed or no prenatal care, did not breast-feed, were physically abused during pregnancy, said their partner had not wanted a pregnancy or had a low-birth-weight infant had an increased risk of unintended pregnancy; the size of the increase depended on whether the pregnancy was unwanted or mistimed. CONCLUSION: Clarifying the difference in risk between mistimed and unwanted pregnancies may help guide decisions regarding services to women and infants. C1 Comp Sci Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Appl Sci Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP D'Angelo, DV (reprint author), Comp Sci Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. EM DDAngelo@cdc.gov RI Rochat, Roger/J-9802-2012 NR 41 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 15 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 1538-6341 J9 PERSPECT SEX REPRO H JI Perspect. Sex Reprod. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5 BP 192 EP 197 DI 10.1111/j.1931-2393.2004.tb00022.x PG 6 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA 864CD UT WOS:000224609600003 PM 15519961 ER PT J AU Speizer, IS Santelli, JS Afable-Munsuz, A Kendall, C AF Speizer, IS Santelli, JS Afable-Munsuz, A Kendall, C TI Measuring factors underlying intendedness of women's first and later pregnancies SO PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MEASURING UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; NATIONAL-SURVEY; FAMILY GROWTH AB CONTEXT. Unintended pregnancy is associated with poor health outcomes for mothers and infants, and is indicative of gaps in family planning services. Conventional measures of pregnancy intendedness do not reflect the multiple factors affecting a woman's pregnancy-related intentions and attitudes. METHODS: Data collected between March 2002 and February 2003 from 701 women in a public family planning clinic and 671 women in a public prenatal clinic in New Orleans were analyzed to examine factors underlying intendedness (including attitudes toward pregnancy and motivations to achieve or avoid pregnancy). RESULTS. In factor analyses, variables measuring pregnancy intendedness were represented by a single latent factor, pregnancy desirability. For first pregnancy, variables that best captured desirability were those measuring happiness, effort in achieving the pregnancy, extent of looking forward to telling friends, whether the pregnancy was intended (i.e., came at the right time or later), and whether the woman wanted to have a baby with her partner. For last or current pregnancies that were second or higher order ones, they were happiness, pregnancy wantedness, effort in achieving the pregnancy, whether the pregnancy was planned and whether the woman wanted to have a baby with her partner. Among women younger than 18 at first pregnancy, happiness and whether a woman wanted a baby with her partner were the only items that captured pregnancy desirability. CONCLUSIONS: Future surveys on pregnancy intendedness could reduce the number of questions used to capture pregnancy desirability. This should help standardize surveillance systems and permit better assessment of trends in pregnancy desirability over time. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Appl Sci Brach, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Social Disparities Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Int Hlth & Dev, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Speizer, IS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Appl Sci Brach, Atlanta, GA USA. EM isspeizer@vcu.edu NR 17 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 7 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 1538-6341 J9 PERSPECT SEX REPRO H JI Perspect. Sex Reprod. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5 BP 198 EP 205 PG 8 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA 864CD UT WOS:000224609600004 PM 15519962 ER PT J AU French, SA Wechsler, H AF French, SA Wechsler, H TI School-based research and initiatives: fruit and vegetable environment, policy, and pricing workshop SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fruit and Vegetable Environment, Policy, and Pricing Workshop CY SEP 26-27, 2002 CL Atlanta, GA DE school-based research and initiatives; fruit and vegetable; nutrition; policy ID FOOD ENVIRONMENT; LA CARTE; GIMME 5; CONSUMPTION; PROGRAM; HEALTH AB Background. Foods sold outside the school meals program are widely available and comprise an increasing share of the foods students purchase and consume at school. Federal policies provide little regulation of foods sold outside the school meals program. State and district policies are also limited, and few specifically address fruit and vegetable availability. Methods. School-based interventions to promote consumption of fruit and vegetables among students in school settings have primarily consisted of multicomponent interventions that sometimes included an environmental intervention component. Results. Results of these interventions have been positive, especially in their effects on fruit intake. The results of shorter term environmental interventions that used lower prices or increased availability as strategies to increase fruit and vegetable intake have been positive. Several new approaches currently being piloted in schools include school gardening programs, salad bars using fresh produce from local Farmer's Markets, and in-school, free fruit and vegetable distribution programs. Conclusions. Better information is needed on the economics of competitive foods and the role that financial profitability plays in decisions about food availability and sales in the school setting. Although no model programs were identified at the workshop, several promising strategies were identified to promote fruit and vegetable intake among students in school settings. (C) 2003 The Institute For Cancer Prevention and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP French, SA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, 1300 S 2nd St,Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. EM french@epi.umn.edu NR 30 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 39 SU 2 BP S101 EP S107 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2003.10.007 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 853SI UT WOS:000223847600006 PM 15313079 ER PT J AU Seymour, JD Yaroch, AL Serdula, M Blanck, HM Khan, LK AF Seymour, JD Yaroch, AL Serdula, M Blanck, HM Khan, LK TI Impact of nutrition environmental interventions on point-of-purchase behavior in adults: a review SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fruit and Vegetable Environment, Policy, and Pricing Workshop CY SEP 26-27, 2002 CL Atlanta, GA DE nutrition; environment; policy; worksite; restaurant; grocery store; university ID FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; LOCALLY GROWN PRODUCE; LOW-FAT; WORKSITE CAFETERIA; FOOD FORTIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; SUPERMARKET INTERVENTION; INFORMATION PROGRAM; EDUCATION-PROGRAM; PUBLIC CAFETERIA AB Background. Nutrition interventions targeted to individuals are unlikely to significantly shift US dietary patterns as a whole. Environmental and policy interventions are more promising for shifting these patterns. We review interventions that influenced the environment through food availability, access, pricing, or information at the point-of-purchase in worksites, universities, grocery stores, and restaurants. Methods. Thirty-eight nutrition environmental intervention studies in adult populations, published between 1970 and June 2003, were reviewed and evaluated on quality of intervention design, methods, and description (e.g., sample size, randomization). No policy interventions that met inclusion criteria were found. Results. Many interventions were not thoroughly evaluated or lacked important evaluation information. Direct comparison of studies across settings was not possible, but available data suggest that worksite and university interventions have the most potential for success. Interventions in grocery stores appear to be the least effective. The dual concerns of health and taste of foods promoted were rarely considered. Sustainability of environmental change was never addressed. Conclusions. Interventions in "limited access" sites (i.e., where few other choices were available) had the greatest effect on food choices. Research is needed using consistent methods, better assessment tools, and longer durations; targeting diverse populations; and examining sustainability. Future interventions should influence access and availability, policies, and macroenvironments. Published by The Institute For Cancer Prevention and Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Hlth Promot Res Branch, Behav Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Seymour, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Mail Stop K-26,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jseymour1@cdc.gov NR 73 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 4 U2 36 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 39 SU 2 BP S108 EP S136 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.04.002 PG 29 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 853SI UT WOS:000223847600007 PM 15313080 ER PT J AU Seymour, JD Fenley, MA Yaroch, AL Khan, LK Serdula, M AF Seymour, JD Fenley, MA Yaroch, AL Khan, LK Serdula, M TI Fruit and Vegetable Environment, Policy, and Pricing Workshop: Introduction to the conference proceedings SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fruit and Vegetable Environment, Policy, and Pricing Workshop CY SEP 26-27, 2002 CL Atlanta, GA DE diet; fruit and vegetables; environment; policy; price AB Americans' consumption of fruits and vegetables has increased slightly over the last 10 years, but most people still do not meet the Dietary Guidelines recommendation to consume 5 to 9 servings per day. New and innovative strategies are needed if we are to significantly increase the mean population intake of fruits and vegetables. To help formulate such strategies as well as to evaluate evidence and identify research gaps, the American Cancer Society and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened the Fruit and Vegetable Environment, Policy, and Pricing Workshop, which brought together experts in how environmental change, policy, and pricing affect fruit and vegetable consumption. The papers in this supplement consist of a review of environmental interventions to improve nutrition and papers covering pricing and consumer value and how fruit and vegetable consumption can be promoted at worksites, restaurants, grocery stores and other community settings, and schools. Conclusions from the workshop were that existing intervention strategies need to be evaluated, promising example programs need to be disseminated, and new innovative interventions and programs need to be created and evaluated. Published by The Institute For Cancer Prevention and Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NCI, Hlth Promot Res Branch, Behav Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Seymour, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, 4770 Bldg Hwy,NE MS K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jseymour1@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 39 SU 2 BP S71 EP S74 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.07.009 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 853SI UT WOS:000223847600001 PM 15313074 ER PT J AU Heim, C Bierl, C Nisenbaum, R Wagner, D Reeves, WC AF Heim, C Bierl, C Nisenbaum, R Wagner, D Reeves, WC TI Regional prevalence of fatiguing illnesses in the United States before and after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 SO PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE chronic fatigue syndrome; stress; trauma; epidemiology ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; CHILDHOOD ABUSE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; WOMEN AB Objective: Stress or emotional traumas are considered risk factors for unexplained fatiguing illnesses. From July to December 2001, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted a multigeographical pilot study to test the feasibility of a survey to estimate the prevalence of fatiguing illnesses in the United States. We used data obtained during this survey to estimate the effect of the coincidentally occurring terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, on the regional prevalence of fatiguing illnesses. Methods: Identified by random-digit dialing, 2,728 households in eight regional strata were interviewed, and 7,317 respondents were screened for severe fatigue of at least 1 month duration. Identified fatigued people of age 18 to 69 years (N = 440) and a sample of nonfatigued people of the same age range (N = 444) were interviewed in detail concerning fatigue, other symptoms, and medical and psychiatric histories. Results: Weighted prevalence estimates based on interviews performed after the attacks were significantly lower compared with estimates based on interviews performed before the attacks (prolonged fatigue: 5,450 vs. 1,530/100,000, p =.010; chronic fatigue: 18,510 vs. 10,070/100,000, p =.002; chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness: 2,510 vs. 960/100,000, p =.014). Conclusion: Our findings suggest decreased regional prevalence of fatiguing illnesses in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks. The causes of this effect are unknown but might involve acute psychological and physiological adaptations that modify the perception or manifestation of fatigue. Future studies should be specifically designed to scrutinize the relationship between stress and fatiguing illnesses and the mediating mechanisms of such a relationship. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Heim, C (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, 101 Woodruff Circle,WMB,Suite 4000, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM cmheim@emory.edu RI Heim, Christine/A-1183-2009 NR 34 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0033-3174 J9 PSYCHOSOM MED JI Psychosom. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 66 IS 5 BP 672 EP 678 DI 10.1097/01.psy.0000138116.12495.a2 PG 7 WC Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 856UJ UT WOS:000224070300008 PM 15385690 ER PT J AU Furness, BW Simon, PA Wold, CM Asarian-Anderson, J AF Furness, BW Simon, PA Wold, CM Asarian-Anderson, J TI Prevalence and predictors of food insecurity among low-income households in Los Angeles County SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE food security; low income; Los Angeles; poverty; nutrition ID HUNGER; HEALTH AB Objectives: To assess the prevalence and identify the predictors of food insecurity among households in Los Angeles County with incomes below 300% of the federal poverty level. Methods: The Six-Item Short Form of the US Department of Agriculture's Household Food Security Scale was used as part of a 1999 county-wide, population-based, telephone survey. Results: The prevalence of food insecurity was 24.4% and was inversely associated with household income. Other independent predictors of food insecurity included the presence of children in the household (odds ratio (OR) 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-2.3) and a history of homelessness in the past five years (OR 5.6, 95% CI 3.4-9.4). Conclusion: Food insecurity is a significant public health problem among low-income households in Los Angeles County. Food assistance programmes should focus efforts on households living in and near poverty, those with children, and those with a history of homelessness. C1 CDC, Prevent Med Residency, DAPHT, EPO, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Furness, BW (reprint author), CDC, Prevent Med Residency, DAPHT, EPO, 717 14th St NW,Suite 950,Box 14, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM bff0@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 6 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 7 IS 6 BP 791 EP 794 DI 10.1079/PHN2004608 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 850TZ UT WOS:000223637000014 PM 15369618 ER PT J AU Lasher, LE Ayers, TL Amornkul, PN Nakata, MN Effler, PV AF Lasher, LE Ayers, TL Amornkul, PN Nakata, MN Effler, PV TI Contacting passengers after exposure to measles on an international flight: Implications for responding to new disease threats and bioterrorism SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH MANAGEMENT; BIOLOGICAL WEAPON; INFECTION; TRAVEL AB On May 21, 2000, a passenger with measles traveled from Japan to Hawai'i on a seven-hour flight. When the flight landed, the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Quarantine Station in Honolulu alerted passengers that a suspected case of measles had been identified, but they were not detained. The next day, to offer appropriate post-exposure prophylaxis, the Hawai'i Department of Health (HDOH) attempted to contact all passengers from the flight using information from the airline, U.S. Customs declaration forms, and tour agencies. Of 335 total passengers, 270 (81%) were successfully reached and provided complete information. The mean time from exposure to contact for all respondents was 61 hours (95% confidence interval 57, 66). A total of 202 (75%) of the responding passengers were contacted within 72 hours after exposure, the time period during which administration of measles vaccine would have provided protection for susceptible individuals. The time-to-contact was significantly longer for passengers who did not stay in hotels than for hotel guests. Customs forms proved to be of limited utility in contacting international travelers. This experience highlights the need for more complete and timely methods of contacting passengers potentially exposed to infectious agents aboard flights. C1 Hawaii Dept Hlth, Dis Invest Branch, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Hawaii Dept Hlth, Dis Outreak & Control Dis, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lasher, LE (reprint author), Hawaii Dept Hlth, Dis Invest Branch, 1132 Bishop St,Suite 1900, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM lelasher@mail.health.state.hi.us NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 119 IS 5 BP 458 EP 463 DI 10.1016/j.phr.2004.07.002 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 860BC UT WOS:000224311200002 PM 15313108 ER PT J AU Bardenheier, BH Yusuf, HR Rosenthal, J Santoli, JM Shefer, AM Rickert, DL Chu, SY AF Bardenheier, BH Yusuf, HR Rosenthal, J Santoli, JM Shefer, AM Rickert, DL Chu, SY TI Factors associated with underimmunization at 3 months of age in four medically underserved areas SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN; INFANTS; PROGRAM; WOMEN; RATES; CARE AB Objective. Risk factors for underimmunization at 3 months of age are not well described. This study examines coverage rates and factors associated with underimmunization at 3 months of age in four medically underserved areas. Methods. During 1997-1998, cross-sectional household surveys using a two-stage cluster sample design were conducted in four federally designated Health Professional Shortage Areas. Respondents were parents or caregivers of children ages 1235 months: 847 from northern Manhattan, 843 from Detroit, 771 from San Diego, and 1,091 from rural Colorado. A child was considered up-to-date (UTD) with vaccinations at 3 months of age if documentation of receipt of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, polio, haemophilus influenzae type B, and hepatitis B vaccines was obtained from a provider or a hand-held vaccination card, or both. Results. Household response rates ranged from 79% to 88% across sites. Vaccination coverage levels at 3 months of age varied across sites: 82.4% in northern Manhattan, 70.5% in Detroit, 82.3% in San Diego, and 75.8% in rural Colorado. Among children who were not UTD, the majority (65.7% to 71.5% per site) had missed vaccines due to missed opportunities. Factors associated with not being UTD varied by site and included having public or no insurance, greater than or equal to2 children living in the household, and the adult respondent being unmarried. At all sites, vaccination coverage among WIC enrollees was higher than coverage among children eligible for but not enrolled in WIC, but the association between UTD status and WIC enrollment was statistically significant for only one site and marginally significant for two other sites. Conclusions. Missed opportunities were a significant barrier to vaccinations, even at this early age. Practice-based strategies to reduce missed opportunities and prenatal WIC enrollment should be focused especially toward those at highest risk of underimmunization. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, NIP, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bardenheier, BH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, NIP, Immunizat Serv Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bfb7@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 119 IS 5 BP 479 EP 485 DI 10.1016/j.phr.2004.07.005 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 860BC UT WOS:000224311200005 PM 15313111 ER PT J AU Adekoya, N Majumder, R AF Adekoya, N Majumder, R TI Fatal traumatic brain injury, West Virginia, 1989-1998 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MOTOR-VEHICLE CRASHES; ELDERLY PERSONS; UNITED-STATES; RURAL TRAUMA; RISK; MORTALITY; FALLS; COMMUNITY; FIREARMS; SYSTEM AB Objective. The objective of this study was to describe fatal cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI) among West Virginia residents. Methods. The authors analyzed data from the National Center for Health Statistics Multiple Cause of Death tapes for the period 1989-1998. They compared West Virginia's annualized average TBI death rate with the rates of other states and with the rate among U.S. residents for the same period. U.S. Bureau of Census population estimates were used as denominators. Results. A total of 4,416 TBI deaths occurred in West Virginia in 1989-1998, for an annual average death rate of 23.6 per 100,000 population. From 1989 to 1998, TBI death rates declined 5% (p=0.4042). Seventy-five percent (n=3,31 5) of fatalities occurred among men. Adults greater than or equal to65 years of age accounted for the highest percentage of fatal injuries (n= 1,135). The leading external causes of fatal TBI were: firearm-related (39% of reported fatalities), motor vehicles-related (34%), and fall-related (10%). Firearm-related TBI became the leading cause of TBI fatalities in 1991, surpassing motor vehicle-related TBI. Seventy-five percent of firearm-related TBI deaths were suicides (n=1,302). West Virginia's TBI death rate (23.6 per 100,000) was higher than the national rate (20.6 per 100,000). In 23 states, the average TBI death rates over the 10-year period were higher than West Virginia's. Whereas modest declines in TBI death rates occurred for motor vehicle-related and firearm-related causes in West Virginia, a concomitant 38% increase occurred in the fall-related TBI death rate during the decade. Conclusion. Data presented in this report can be used to develop targeted prevention programs in West Virginia. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Surveillance Sust Branch, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. W Virginia Univ, Rehabil Res & Training Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Adekoya, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Surveillance Sust Branch, CDC, MS-K74,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM nba7@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 119 IS 5 BP 486 EP 492 DI 10.1016/j.phr.2004.07.006 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 860BC UT WOS:000224311200006 PM 15313112 ER PT J AU Zack, MM Moriarty, DG Stroup, DF Ford, ES Mokdad, AH AF Zack, MM Moriarty, DG Stroup, DF Ford, ES Mokdad, AH TI Worsening trends in adult health-related quality of life and self-rated health - United States, 1993-2001 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; OLDER-ADULTS; DISABILITY; CARE; US; POPULATION; BURDEN; ISSUE AB Objectives. Health-related quality of life and self-rated health complement mortality and morbidity as measures used in tracking changes and disparities in population health. The objectives of this study were to determine whether and how health-related quality of life and self-rated health changed overall in U.S. adults and in specific sociodemographic and geographic groups from 1993 through 2001. Methods. The authors analyzed data from annual cross-sectional Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys of 1.2 million adults from randomly selected households with telephones in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Results. Mean physically and mentally unhealthy days and activity limitation days remained constant early in the study period but increased later on. Mean unhealthy days increased about 14% during the study period. The percentage with fair or poor self-rated health increased from 13.4% in 1993 to 15.5% in 2001. Health-related quality of life and self-rated health worsened in most demographic groups, especially adults 45-54 years old, high school graduates without further education, and those with annual household incomes less than $50,000. However, adults 65 years old or older and people identified as non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander reported stable or improving health-related quality of life and self-rated health. In 18 of the states and the District of Columbia, mean unhealthy days increased, while only North Dakota reported a decrease. Conclusion. Population tracking of adult health-related quality of life and self-rated health identified worsening trends overall and for many groups, suggesting that the nation's overall health goals as identified in the Healthy People planning process are not being met. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Zack, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, NCCDPHP, MS K-51,4770 Buford Hwy,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mmz1@cdc.gov NR 59 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 4 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 119 IS 5 BP 493 EP 505 DI 10.1016/j.phr.2004.07.007 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 860BC UT WOS:000224311200007 PM 15313113 ER PT J AU Popoff, MY Bockemuhl, J Gheesling, LL AF Popoff, MY Bockemuhl, J Gheesling, LL TI Supplement 2002 (no. 46) to the Kauffmann-White scheme SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; serovars; taxonomy; Kauffmann-White scheme ID SALMONELLA AB This supplement reports the characterization of 18 new Salmonella serovars recognized in 2002 by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella: 12 were assigned to S. enterica subspecies enterica, 2 to subspecies salamae, 2 to subspecies diarizonae, I to subspecies houtenae and I to S. bongori. (C) 2004 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Pasteur, WHO Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Salmonella, Unite Genet Bacteries Intracellulaires, F-75724 Paris 15, France. RKI, Natl Referenzzentrum Salmonellen & Andere Bakteri, Inst Hyg & Umwelt, Hamburg, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Popoff, MY (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, WHO Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Salmonella, Unite Genet Bacteries Intracellulaires, F-75724 Paris 15, France. EM mypof@pasteur.fr NR 3 TC 126 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 155 IS 7 BP 568 EP 570 DI 10.1016/j.resmic.2004.04.005 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 852PQ UT WOS:000223769300010 PM 15313257 ER PT J AU Dayan, GH Orellana, LC Forlenza, R Ellis, A Chaui, J Kaplan, S Strebel, P AF Dayan, GH Orellana, LC Forlenza, R Ellis, A Chaui, J Kaplan, S Strebel, P TI Vaccination coverage among children aged 13 to 59 months in Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2002 SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE vaccination; coverage; survey; Argentina ID NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SURVEY; 2-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; HERD-IMMUNITY; UNITED-STATES; DESIGN; RECALL AB Objectives. To estimate antigen -specific and series-complete vaccination coverage among children aged 13 to 59 months in Buenos Aires; to compare the results of a community-based household survey with coverage rates obtained from administrative records; and to identify risk factors for incomplete vaccination. Methods. Census tracts in Buenos Aires were surveyed systematically in Marchand April, 2002. Three children aged 13 to 24 months and 25 to 59 months were surveyed per block in each census tract. Written documentation of vaccination was required. Risk factors associated with incomplete vaccination were identified with univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. Results. A total of 1391 children were surveyed. Antigen -specific coverage ranged from 69.4% (95% Cl 66.7%-72%)for Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination to 99% (95% Cl 98.4%-99.6%) for BCG vaccination. Except for measles, coverage estimates found in the survey did not differ substantially from those obtained front city health authority records. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed child's age (P < 0.001) and vaccination provider (public or private) (P = 0.001) to be riskfactors associated with incomplete vaccination. Not being the first child (P < 0.001) was associated with incomplete coverage under the long-standing program. Living in the Northern zone of the city (P = 0.001), being uninsured (P = 0.02), and lower educational level of the primary caregiver (P = 0.04) were riskfactors associated with incomplete coverage under the current vaccination program. Conclusions. Although coverage rates for some vaccines were high, complete vaccination coverage remains low among children aged 13 to 59 months in Buenos Aires. Increasing coverage will require better access to vaccination, particularly in sections of the community with riskfactors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dayan, GH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gdayan@cdc.gov RI Orellana, Liliana/I-5249-2013; Orellana, Liliana/S-3302-2016 OI Orellana, Liliana/0000-0003-3736-4337; Orellana, Liliana/0000-0003-3736-4337 NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD SEP PY 2004 VL 16 IS 3 BP 158 EP 167 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 899XK UT WOS:000227178900002 PM 15507183 ER PT J AU Cheluget, B Joesoef, MR Marum, LH Wandera, C Ryan, CA Decock, KM Chebet, KL AF Cheluget, B Joesoef, MR Marum, LH Wandera, C Ryan, CA Decock, KM Chebet, KL TI Changing patterns in sexually transmitted disease syndromes in Kenya after the introduction of a syndromic management program SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; GENITAL ULCER DISEASE; HIV-INFECTION; RURAL TANZANIA; RISK-FACTORS; PREVENTION; TRANSMISSION; IMPACT; PREVALENCE AB Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate patterns in sexually transmitted disease (STD) syndromes after the introduction of an STD syndromic management program. Study: We used the HIV sentinel surveillance in patients with STDs (1990-2001) to compute the proportions of STD syndromes (as a proportion of all patients with STDs) before and after the introduction of the syndromic management program. Results: A decline in the proportion of genital ulcer disease (GUD), urethral discharge (UD), and vaginal discharge (VD) was observed from the baseline (1990-1994) to the year 2000 (P < 0.0001). GUD declined from 27.6% at baseline to 11.0% in 2000; UD from 31.8% at baseline to 22.2% in 2000; and VD from 36.7% at baseline to 20.1% in 2000. Similar declines for these syndromes were also observed in sex and age groups. The proportions of GUD, UD, and UV increased again in 2001. Conclusions: These changing patterns of STD syndromes were coincident with the introduction of the STD syndromic management program in 1995 and the termination of free STD medication in 2001. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Int Activ Unit, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Joesoef, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Int Activ Unit, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mrj1@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 31 IS 9 BP 522 EP 525 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000137896.40790.7d PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 852KQ UT WOS:000223754600002 PM 15480112 ER PT J AU Chesson, HW Blandford, JM Pinkerton, SD AF Chesson, HW Blandford, JM Pinkerton, SD TI Estimates of the annual number and cost of new HIV infections among women attributable to trichomoniasis in the United States SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC SYNERGY; VAGINALIS INFECTION; GENITAL ULCERS; RISK-FACTORS; SEX WORKERS; NO-LONGER; TRANSMISSION; MODEL AB Background. Clinical evidence suggests that trichomoniasis facilitates the sexual transmission and acquisition of HIV. Goal: The goal of this study was to estimate the annual number and cost of new HIV infections among women in the United States attributable to trichomoniasis. Study: We used a mathematical model of HIV transmission to estimate the probability that a woman with trichomoniasis would acquire HIV as a result of her trichomoniasis-mediated increased susceptibility to HIV infection or as a result of increased HIV infectiousness in a trichomoniasis-infected male partner. Results: Our results indicate that each year in the United States, an estimated 746 new HIV cases among women can be attributed to the facilitative effects of trichomoniasis on HIV transmission. The lifetime cost of treating these trichomoniasis-attributable HIV infections is approximately $167 million. Conclusions: Efforts to prevent trichomoniasis could help prevent HIV transmission and could reduce the economic burden associated with trichomoniasis-attributable HIV cases that occur each year. Because trichomoniasis is so common, however, a substantial number of cases would need to be detected and treated to have a discernible impact on HIV. Future research is needed to examine the cost-effectiveness of trichomoniasis prevention as a tool for HIV prevention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, Milwaukee, WI USA. RP Chesson, HW (reprint author), CDC Mailstop E-80,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hbc7@cdc.gov FU NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH089828] NR 35 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 31 IS 9 BP 547 EP 551 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000137900.63660.98 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 852KQ UT WOS:000223754600006 PM 15480116 ER PT J AU Taylor, M Aynalem, G Smith, L Bemis, C Kenney, K Kerndt, P AF Taylor, M Aynalem, G Smith, L Bemis, C Kenney, K Kerndt, P TI Correlates of Internet use to meet sex partners among men who have sex with men diagnosed with early syphilis in Los Angeles county SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT STD/HIV Prevention and the Internet Conference CY AUG, 2003 CL Washington, DC ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HIV EPIDEMIC; GAY MEN; OUTBREAK; RISK; CYBERSPACE; RESURGENCE AB Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate use of the Internet to solicit sex partners by men who have sex with men (MSM) who were diagnosed with early syphilis infection. Study: Field interview records for syphilis patients were reviewed for factors associated with Internet use. Results: Internet users were more likely to be of white race (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4 -1.8), to report anal insertive sex (PR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.1-1.2), sex with anonymous partners (PR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.3), intravenous drug use (PR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.1-6.7), and nonintravenous drug use (PR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.8). Controlling for race and sexual risk behaviors, white race (odds ratio [OR], 2.8; 95% CI, 1.8-4.6), having anonymous sex partners (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.6-7.0), and nonintravenous drug use (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.6) were associated with meeting sex partners through the Internet. Conclusions: Effective sexually transmitted disease risk reduction interventions using the Internet are needed to reach Internet-using, sex-seeking MSM populations engaging in high-risk behaviors. C1 Los Angeles Cty STD Program, Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Taylor, M (reprint author), Los Angeles Cty STD Program, Dept Hlth Serv, 2615 S Grand Ave,Room 500, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. EM metaylor@dhs.co.la.ca.us NR 32 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 31 IS 9 BP 552 EP 556 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000137902.71284.b0 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 852KQ UT WOS:000223754600007 PM 15480117 ER PT J AU Lawrence, JSS Kuo, WH Hogben, M Montano, DE Kasprzyk, D Phillips, WR AF Lawrence, JSS Kuo, WH Hogben, M Montano, DE Kasprzyk, D Phillips, WR TI STD care: variations in clinical care associated with provider sex, patient sex, patients' self-reported symptoms or high-risk behaviors, partner STD history SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE STD care; sexual health; physician decision-making; USA ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; DISPLAY AB Sexually transmitted diseases in the United States are frequently diagnosed by private, as well as public, physicians. However, we know little about the decision processes that physicians employ when faced with people who may or may not be infected. To address this gap, we compared physicians' responses to different patient vignettes to assess how variations in patients' presentations affect physicians' clinical behavior. We systematically varied reported symptoms, behavioral risk, partner STD, and sex of patients in 16 different vignettes, with one vignette randomly presented to each physician in a national survey. Physicians rated the likelihood of 12 clinical management actions they might take with the patient vignette presented. Responses varied with self-reported symptoms, high-risk behavior, and report of an STD infected partner such that female physicians were more attentive to sexual health, and all physicians were more likely to treat female patients aggressively, relative to their male patients. Overall behavior was broadly congruent with sound medical practice, although we discuss several caveats to this general statement. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Lawrence, JSS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nzs4@cdc.gov OI Phillips, William/0000-0003-2802-4349 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1011 EP 1018 DI 10.1016/j.socicmed.2003.12.018 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 834ST UT WOS:000222431800010 ER PT J AU Nelson, KE Dollard, SC Cannon, MJ Ness, PM Stambolis, V Pellett, PE AF Nelson, KE Dollard, SC Cannon, MJ Ness, PM Stambolis, V Pellett, PE TI Probable transmission of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) by blood transfusion among cardiac surgery patients SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY OCT 23-26, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Virol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2004 VL 44 IS 9 SU S BP 96A EP 96A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 849XS UT WOS:000223575600329 ER PT J AU Nouraie, M Pourshams, A Kamangar, F Sotoudeh, M Derakhshan, MH Akbari, MR Fakheri, H Zahedi, MJ Caldwell, K Abnet, CC Taylor, PR Malekzadeh, R Dawsey, SM AF Nouraie, Mehdi Pourshams, Akram Kamangar, Farin Sotoudeh, Masood Derakhshan, Mohammad Hossein Akbari, Mohammad Reza Fakheri, Hafez Zahedi, Mohammad Javad Caldwell, Kathleen Abnet, Christian C. Taylor, Philip R. Malekzadeh, Reza Dawsey, Sanford M. TI Ecologic study of serum selenium and upper gastrointestinal cancers in Iran SO WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article AB AIM: Both observational and experimental studies have shown that higher selenium status reduces the risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers in selenium deficient populations. Recent cancer registry data have shown very different rates of esophageal cancer (EC) and gastric cancer (GC) in four Provinces of Iran, namely Ardabil, Mazandaran, Golestan, and Kerman. The aim of this study was to have a preliminary assessment of the hypothesis that high rates of EC in Golestan and high rates of GC in Ardabil may be partly attributable to selenium deficiency. METHODS: We measured serum selenium in 300 healthy adults from Ardabil (n = 100), Mazandaran (n = 50), Golestan (n = 100), and Kerman (n = 50), using inductively coupled plasma, with dynamic reaction cell, mass spectrometry (ICP-DRC-MS) at the US Centers for Disease Control (Atlanta, Georgia). RESULTS: The median serum selenium concentrations were very different in the four Provinces. The medians (IQR) for selenium in Ardabil, Mazandarn, Golestan, and Kerman were 82 (75-94), 123 (111-132), 155 (141-173), and 119 (110-128) mu g/L, respectively (P<0.001). The results of linear regression showed that the Province variable, by itself, explained 76% of the variance in log selenium (r(2) = 0.76). The proportion of the populations with a serum selenium more than 90 mu g/L (the concentration at which serum selenoproteins are saturated) was 100% in Golestan, Kerman, and Mazandaran but only 29% in Ardabil. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that selenium deficiency is not a major contributor to the high incidence of EC seen in northeastern Iran, but it may play a role in the high incidence of GC in Ardabil Province. C1 [Dawsey, Sanford M.] NCI, Canc Prevent Studies Branch, CCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20895 USA. [Nouraie, Mehdi; Pourshams, Akram; Sotoudeh, Masood; Derakhshan, Mohammad Hossein; Akbari, Mohammad Reza; Fakheri, Hafez; Zahedi, Mohammad Javad; Malekzadeh, Reza] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran. [Caldwell, Kathleen] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dawsey, SM (reprint author), NCI, Canc Prevent Studies Branch, CCR, NIH, 6116 Execut Blvd,Suite 705, Bethesda, MD 20895 USA. EM dawseys@mail.nih.gov RI Abnet, Christian/C-4111-2015; Derakhshan, Mohammad/K-8694-2016; OI Abnet, Christian/0000-0002-3008-7843; Malekzadeh, Reza/0000-0003-1043-3814 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BAISHIDENG PUBL GRP CO LTD PI BEIJING PA RM 903, BLDG D, OCEAN INTERNATIONAL CTR, NO 62 DONGSIHUAN ZHONGLU, BEIJING, CHAOYANG DISTRICT 100025, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1007-9327 J9 WORLD J GASTROENTERO JI World J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 10 IS 17 BP 2544 EP 2546 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA V19UI UT WOS:000208096900017 ER PT J AU Kroes, HY Olney, RS Rosano, A Liu, YC Castilla, EE Cocchi, G De Vigan, C Martinez-Frias, ML Mastroiacovo, P Merlob, P Mutchinick, O Ritvanen, A Stoll, C van Essen, AJ Cobben, JM Cornel, MC AF Kroes, HY Olney, RS Rosano, A Liu, YC Castilla, EE Cocchi, G De Vigan, C Martinez-Frias, ML Mastroiacovo, P Merlob, P Mutchinick, O Ritvanen, A Stoll, C van Essen, AJ Cobben, JM Cornel, MC TI Renal defects and limb deficiencies in 197 infants: Is it possible to define the "acrorenal syndrome"? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE limb deficiency; renal anomalies; acrorenal syndrome; VATER; association; limb-body wall complex; birth defects; developmental field defect ID MULTIPLE CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; OCULAR SYNDROME; THALIDOMIDE EMBRYOPATHY; VERTEBRAL DEFECTS; HYPOPLASIA; MORPHOGENESIS; MESONEPHROS; CHONDROGENESIS; TERATOGENESIS; RETARDATION AB Dieker and Opitz in 1969 described the simultaneous occurrence of limb deficiencies (LDs) and renal anomalies (RAs) in three patients. Curran and Curran introduced in 1972 the term "acrorenal syndrome." Since then, the term "acrorenal syndrome" is used occasionally, but a well-circumscribed definition has never been established. On the other hand, the concept of an acrorenal polytopic developmental field defect was postulated by Opitz and others to explain the association between RAs and LDs. We undertook this study to investigate whether this acrorenal "syndrome" could be identified in a large group of cases with congenital RAs and a limb deficiency. Eleven birth defect registries that are part of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Monitoring (i.e., registries of ICBDMS in Finland, France [Paris and Strasbourg], Israel, Italy [IPIMC and Emilia Romagna], Mexico, Northern Netherlands, South America, Spain, and the United States [Atlanta]) provided data on 815 infants who had a LD and at least one other major congenital anomaly. These 815 cases were ascertained among 5,163,958 births. We selected the 197 cases who had both a limb deficiency and a renal or urinary tract anomaly. In about 50% of these cases a diagnosis or a recognized phenotype was reported, with chromosomal aberrations and VACTERL being most frequent. In the group with no diagnosis or recognized phenotype (95 cases), we looked for (a) clustering of specific types of LDs and RAs, and (b) for clustering of associated anomalies, in order to find evidence for and be able to define better the term "acrorenal syndrome." Our data suggest that an association exists between LDs and RAs, possibly explained by the concept of the acrorenal polytopic developmental field defect. However, our dataset does not yield evidence for the existence of one distinct "syndrome," defined as a pattern of causally related multiple anomalies. Therefore, use of the term "acrorenal syndrome" should be avoided. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Dept Med Genet, Utrecht, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA USA. Italian Inst Social Med, Rome, Italy. WHO, ECLAMC, Collaborat Ctr Prevent Birth Defects, Dept Genet,Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. ECLAMC, Ctr Educ Med & Invest Clin, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Bologna, Inst Clin Pediat Prevent Neonatol, Bologna, Italy. INSERM, U 149, Paris Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Paris, France. Inst Salud Carlos III, ECEMC, Ctr Invest Anomalias Congenitas, Ministerio Sanidad & Consumo, Madrid, Spain. Univ Cattolica S Cuore, Inst Pediat, Birth Defects Unit, Rome, Italy. Israel Birth Defect Monitoring Syst, Rabin Med Ctr, Petah Tiqwa, Israel. Inst Nacl Nutr, Dept Genet, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. STAKES, Natl Res & Dev Ctr Welf & Hlth, Helsinki, Finland. Hop Hautepierre, Serv Genet Med, Strasbourg, France. Univ Groningen Hosp, Dept Med Genet, Groningen, Netherlands. Acad Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Amsterdam, Netherlands. VU Univ Med Ctr, Dept Clin Genet & Human Genet, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Cornel, MC (reprint author), VU Univ Med Ctr, Clin Genet & Human Genet, POB 7057, NL-1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM mc.cornel@vumc.nl RI Rosano, Aldo/G-6525-2012; OI rosano, Aldo/0000-0002-5453-2294 NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD AUG 30 PY 2004 VL 129A IS 2 BP 149 EP 155 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.30176 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 848PF UT WOS:000223478900008 PM 15316969 ER PT J AU Dilley, JW Klausner, JD McFarland, W Kellog, TA Kohn, R Wong, W Louie, BT Taylor, MM Kerndt, PR Carlos, J Chavers, CR Bolan, G Holmberg, SD Greenberg, AE Byers, RH Buchacz, KA Patel, P King, JB AF Dilley, JW Klausner, JD McFarland, W Kellog, TA Kohn, R Wong, W Louie, BT Taylor, MM Kerndt, PR Carlos, J Chavers, CR Bolan, G Holmberg, SD Greenberg, AE Byers, RH Buchacz, KA Patel, P King, JB CA CDC TI Trends in primary and secondary syphilis and HIV infections in men who have sex with men - San Francisco and Los Angeles, California, 1998-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 575-578, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES C1 San Francisco AIDS Hlth Project, San Francisco, CA USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dilley, JW (reprint author), San Francisco AIDS Hlth Project, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 25 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 8 BP 917 EP 918 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 847WR UT WOS:000223429200010 ER PT J AU Attfield, MD Wood, JM Antao, VC Pinheiro, GA AF Attfield, MD Wood, JM Antao, VC Pinheiro, GA CA CDC TI Changing patterns of pneumoconiosis mortality - United States, 1968-2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 627-632, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Attfield, MD (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Antao, Vinicius/B-5395-2013 OI Antao, Vinicius/0000-0002-8201-9973 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 18 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 7 BP 795 EP 796 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 847FO UT WOS:000223378300009 ER PT J AU Jacobellis, J Martin, L Engel, J VanEenwyk, J Bradley, LA Kassim, S Jorgensen, C Litch, JA Myers, MF AF Jacobellis, J Martin, L Engel, J VanEenwyk, J Bradley, LA Kassim, S Jorgensen, C Litch, JA Myers, MF CA CDC TI Genetic testing for breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility: Evaluating direct-to-consumer marketing - Atlanta, Denver, Raleigh-Durham, and Seattle, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 603-606, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80246 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. N Carolina Div Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jacobellis, J (reprint author), Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80246 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 18 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 7 BP 796 EP 798 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 847FO UT WOS:000223378300010 ER PT J AU Kerr, EA Gerzoff, RB Krein, SL Selby, JV Piette, JD Curb, JD Herman, WH Marrero, DG Narayan, V Safford, MM Thompson, T Mangione, CM AF Kerr, EA Gerzoff, RB Krein, SL Selby, JV Piette, JD Curb, JD Herman, WH Marrero, DG Narayan, V Safford, MM Thompson, T Mangione, CM TI Diabetes care quality in the Veterans Affairs health care system and commercial managed care: The TRIAD study SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; COMPLICATIONS; RISK; VA; PREVENTION; MEDICARE AB Background: No studies have compared care in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) with that delivered in commercial managed care organizations, nor have studies focused in depth on care comparisons for chronic, outpatient conditions. Objective: To compare the quality of diabetes care between patients in the VA system and those enrolled in commercial managed care organizations by using equivalent sampling and measurement methods. Design: cross-sectional patient survey with retrospective review of medical records. Setting: 5 VA medical centers and 8 commercial managed care organizations in 5 matched geographic regions. Participants: 8205 diabetic patients: 1285 in the VA system and 6920 in commercial managed care. Measurements: we compared scores on identically specified quality measures for 7 diabetes care processes and 3 diabetes intermediate outcomes and on 4 dimensions of satisfaction. Scores were expressed as the percentage of patients receiving indicated care and were adjusted for patients' demographic and health characteristics. Results: Patients in the VA system had better scores than patients in commercial managed care on all process measures (for example, 93% vs. 83% for annual hemoglobin A(1c); P= 0.006; 91% vs. 75% for annual eye examination; P < 0.001). Blood pressure control was poor in both groups (52% to 53% of persons had blood pressure < 140/90 mm Hg), but patients in the VA system had better control of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hemoglobin Alc (for example, 86% vs. 72% for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level < 3.37 mmol/L [<130 mg/dL]; P = 0.002). Satisfaction was similar in the 2 groups. Limitations: our results may not be generalizable to all regions or health plans, and some of the differences in performance could reflect differences in documentation. Conclusions: Diabetes processes of care and 2 of 3 intermediate outcomes were better for patients in the VA system than for patients in commercial managed care. However, both VA and commercial managed care had room for improvement, especially for blood pressure control. C1 Vet Affairs Ctr Practice Management & Outcomes Re, Ann Arbor, MI 48113 USA. Vet Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare Syst, Ann Arbor, MI 48113 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA USA. Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Med, Newark, NJ USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Kerr, EA (reprint author), Vet Affairs Ctr Practice Management & Outcomes Re, POB 130170, Ann Arbor, MI 48113 USA. EM ekerr@umich.edu RI Krein, Sarah/E-2742-2014 OI Krein, Sarah/0000-0003-2111-8131 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [CCU916380-04] NR 41 TC 207 Z9 208 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 17 PY 2004 VL 141 IS 4 BP 272 EP 281 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 846BX UT WOS:000223290900004 PM 15313743 ER PT J AU Barr, CS Newman, TK Schwandt, M Shannon, C Dvoskin, RL Lindell, SG Taubman, J Thompson, B Champoux, M Lesch, KP Goldman, D Suomi, SJ Higley, JD AF Barr, CS Newman, TK Schwandt, M Shannon, C Dvoskin, RL Lindell, SG Taubman, J Thompson, B Champoux, M Lesch, KP Goldman, D Suomi, SJ Higley, JD TI Sexual dichotomy of an interaction between early adversity and the serotonin transporter gene promoter variant in rhesus macaques SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; ANXIETY-RELATED TRAITS; PRENATAL STRESS; LIFE STRESS; FEMALE RATS; POLYMORPHISM; MICE; REGION; CORTISOL AB A polymorphism in the human serotonin transporter gene promoter (5-HTTLPR) is associated with anxiety and increased risk for developing depression in the face of adversity. Here, we report that among infant rhesus macaques, an orthologous polymorphism (rh5-HTTLPR) interacts with adversity in the form of peer rearing to influence adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) response to stress and, further, that this interaction is sexually dichotomous. ACTH responses to separation are higher in I/s than in I/I males. in females, however, it is only among those with a history of adversity that the s allele is associated with increased ACTH responses to stress. Of interest, peer-reared animals, in particular females carrying the s allele, also exhibit lower cortisol responses to stress, a pattern that has been recognized in association with certain stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders. By extension, our findings suggest the intriguing possibility that human females carrying the 5-HTTLPR s allele could be more vulnerable to the effects of early adversity. This interactive effect may underlie the increased incidence of certain stress-related disorders in women. C1 NICHHD, Primate Unit, Lab Clin Studies, Div Intramural Clin & Biol Res,NIAAA, Poolesville, MD 20837 USA. NICHHD, Lab Comparat Ethol, NIH, Poolesville, MD 20837 USA. NIAAA, Lab Neurogenet, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Univ Wurzburg, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-97080 Wurzburg, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barr, CS (reprint author), NICHHD, Primate Unit, Lab Clin Studies, Div Intramural Clin & Biol Res,NIAAA, Poolesville, MD 20837 USA. EM cbarr@mail.nih.gov RI Goldman, David/F-9772-2010; Schwandt, Melanie/L-9866-2016; Lesch, Klaus-Peter/J-4906-2013 OI Goldman, David/0000-0002-1724-5405; Lesch, Klaus-Peter/0000-0001-8348-153X NR 47 TC 146 Z9 150 U1 3 U2 16 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 17 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 33 BP 12358 EP 12363 DI 10.1073/pnas.0403763101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 847QN UT WOS:000223410100081 PM 15302939 ER PT J AU Buxton, MB Vlahov, D Strathdee, SA Jarlais, DCD Morse, EV Ouellet, L Kerndt, P Garfein, RS AF Buxton, MB Vlahov, D Strathdee, SA Jarlais, DCD Morse, EV Ouellet, L Kerndt, P Garfein, RS TI Association between injection practices and duration of injection among recently initiated injection drug users SO DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE LA English DT Article DE injection drug users; HIV; epidemiology; risk factors ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEW-YORK-CITY; HEPATITIS-C; RISK-FACTORS; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; TEMPORAL TRENDS; HIV-INFECTION; SAN-FRANCISCO; PREVALENCE; BALTIMORE AB Background: Earlier studies suggest higher infection risk among recently initiated injection drug users (IDUs) than more experienced users. Whether IDUs' risky injection practices rise progressively with duration of injection or frequency of practices is higher near initiation and then taper remains an open question. Methods: Recently initiated IDUs were street recruited and interviewed between 1997 and 1999 as part of a multisite cohort study in five US urban cities. Recent risky injection practices (injecting with others and injecting on average more now) were examined across three cross-sections defined by duration of injection: 0-1 year, 2-3 years, and 4-6 years. Results: The IDU groups of <2 years duration (n = 691) and 2-3 years duration (n = 697) had higher odds than the 4-6 year group (n = 520) of reporting injecting with others (Odds Ratio, OR = 1.52, and OR = 1.47, respectively) and injecting on average more now (OR = 1.44 and OR = 1.44, respectively). The associations remained after multivariate adjustment for demographic variables. Conclusions: These data on recently initiated IDUs suggest that risky injection practices were more frequent earlier than later within the first 6 years of initiation, emphasizing that outreach prevention needs to identify and intervene with IDUs early. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY 10029 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Beth Israel Med Ctr, Chem Dependency Unit, New York, NY 10003 USA. Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70117 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60617 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Buxton, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero St,Box 1710, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. EM meredith.buxton@ucsfmedctr.org RI Strathdee, Steffanie/B-9042-2009 NR 24 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0376-8716 J9 DRUG ALCOHOL DEPEN JI Drug Alcohol Depend. PD AUG 16 PY 2004 VL 75 IS 2 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.01.014 PG 7 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA 846JW UT WOS:000223312800007 PM 15276223 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM Graubard, BI Williamson, DF AF Flegal, KM Graubard, BI Williamson, DF TI Methods of calculating deaths attributable to obesity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anthropometry; body mass index; body weight; cause of death; epidemiologic methods; risk; statistics; vital statistics ID UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; WEIGHT; RISK; AGE AB Previously reported estimates of deaths attributable to obesity in the United States have been based on a method that only partially adjusts for confounding and does not allow for effect modification. In this study, the authors investigated the possible magnitude and direction of bias in estimating deaths attributable to obesity when such a method is used. Hypothetical examples are based on 1991 US population data and published relative risks. Incomplete adjustment for confounding of the obesity-mortality relation by age and sex led to a 17% overestimation of deaths due to obesity. Additional bias resulted from slight differences between the derivation cohort and the target population. For example, a difference of three percentage points in the proportion of people 80 years of age or older led to a 42% overestimation of deaths due to obesity. In addition, these estimates appear to be sensitive to minor differences in relative risks between a derivation cohort and the target population. A difference of 0.20 in relative risks almost doubled the number of deaths (97% overestimation). Estimates of deaths attributable to obesity can be biased if confounding and effect modification are not properly taken into account or if the relative risks are not estimated accurately. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Weight & Height, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4311, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM kflegal@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 17 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 160 IS 4 BP 331 EP 338 DI 10.1093/aje/kwh222 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 844EX UT WOS:000223141400005 PM 15286018 ER PT J AU Radimer, K Bindewald, B Hughes, J Ervin, B Swanson, C Picciano, MF AF Radimer, K Bindewald, B Hughes, J Ervin, B Swanson, C Picciano, MF TI Dietary supplement use by US adults: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adult; antacids; dietary supplements; health surveys; minerals; nutrition surveys; vitamins ID UNITED-STATES; VITAMIN-D; MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS; DAIRY-PRODUCTS; CALCIUM; VALIDITY; CANCER; COHORT; RISK AB Data from the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of US health and nutrition, were analyzed to assess prevalence of dietary supplement use overall and in relation to lifestyle and demographic characteristics. Fifty-two percent of adults reported taking a dietary supplement in the past month; 35% took a multivitamin/multimineral. Vitamin C, vitamin E, B-complex vitamins, calcium, and calcium-containing antacids were taken by more than 5% of adults. In bivariate analyses, female gender, older age, more education, non-Hispanic White race/ethnicity, any physical activity, normal/underweight, more frequent wine or distilled spirit consumption, former smoking, and excellent/very good self-reported health were associated with greater use of any supplement and of multivitamin/multiminerals; in multivariable comparisons, the latter three characteristics were not associated with supplement use. Most supplements were taken daily and for at least 2 years. Forty-seven percent of adult supplement users took just one supplement; 55% of women and 63% of adults aged greater than or equal to60 years took more than one. These findings suggest that, to minimize possible spurious associations, epidemiologic studies of diet, demography, or lifestyle and health take dietary supplement use into account because of 1) supplements' large contribution to nutrient intake and 2) differential use of supplements by demographic and lifestyle characteristics. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Radimer, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM kir5@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 440 Z9 457 U1 1 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 160 IS 4 BP 339 EP 349 DI 10.1093/aje/kwh207 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 844EX UT WOS:000223141400006 PM 15286019 ER PT J AU Manhart, LE Aral, SO Holmes, KK Critchlow, CW Hughes, JP Whittington, WLH Foxman, B AF Manhart, LE Aral, SO Holmes, KK Critchlow, CW Hughes, JP Whittington, WLH Foxman, B TI Influence of study population on the identification of risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases using a case-control design: The example of gonorrhea SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE case-control studies; gonorrhea; risk factors; sexually transmitted diseases ID MYCOPLASMA-GENITALIUM; NONGONOCOCCAL URETHRITIS; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; FAMILY-STRUCTURE; UNITED-STATES; BEHAVIORS; RACE/ETHNICITY; ASSOCIATION; PATTERNS; MEN AB The population prevalence of many sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is low. Thus, most epidemiologic studies of STDs are conducted among STD clinic populations to maximize efficiency. However, STD clinic patients have unique sociobehavioral characteristics. To examine the potential effect of study population on identification of risk factors, the authors compared 1) STD clinic patients with a random digit dialing telephone sample, 2) general population cases with random digit dialing controls, and 3) STD clinic cases with STD clinic controls (Seattle, Washington, 1992-1995). Risk factors for gonorrhea identified among STD clinic patients formed a subset of those identified in the general population. In both populations, risk decreased with age (odds ratio for the general population (ORGP) = 0.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22, 0.59; odds ratio for the clinic population (ORclinic) = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.81) and was increased among Blacks (ORGP = 15.5, 95% CI: 4.93, 49.0; ORclinic = 10.5, 95% CI: 4.51, 24.68) and persons whose partner had been jailed (ORGP = 5.4, 95% CI: 2.07, 13.9; ORclinic = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.32, 7.30). Additional factors associated with gonorrhea in the general population included secondary education (OR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.70), anal intercourse (OR = 10.5, 95% CI: 2.01, 54.7, STD history (OR = 5.9, 95% CI: 1.76, 19.5), meeting partners in structured settings (OR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.50), no condom use (OR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.30, 7.89), and divorce (OR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.07, 11.9). Risk factors identified in STD clinics will probably be confirmed in a general population sample, despite overcontrolling for shared behaviors; however, factors associated with both disease and STD clinic attendance may be missed. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Manhart, LE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, 325 9th Ave,Box 359931, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM lmanhart@u.washington.edu OI Foxman, Betsy/0000-0001-6682-238X FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI031448]; PHS HHS [S105-14/14, A107140] NR 28 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 160 IS 4 BP 393 EP 402 DI 10.1093/aje/kwh220 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 844EX UT WOS:000223141400012 PM 15286025 ER PT J AU Sin, DD Jones, RL Mannino, DM Man, SFP AF Sin, DD Jones, RL Mannino, DM Man, SFP TI Forced expiratory volume in 1 second and physical activity in the general population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; EXERCISE CAPACITY; LUNG-FUNCTION; FLOW LIMITATION; HEALTH-STATUS; COPD; DYSPNEA C1 St Pauls Hosp, James Hogg iCAPTURE Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Med, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Med, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Inst Hlth Econ, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Enviornm Hlth, Air Pollut Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sin, DD (reprint author), St Pauls Hosp, James Hogg iCAPTURE Ctr, Room 368A,1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada. EM dsin@mrl.ubc.ca OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 17 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 117 IS 4 BP 270 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.01.029 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 846NW UT WOS:000223323500008 PM 15308437 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Hootman, JM Okoro, CA Balluz, L Moriarty, DG Owens, M Mokdad, A AF Strine, TW Hootman, JM Okoro, CA Balluz, L Moriarty, DG Owens, M Mokdad, A TI Frequent mental distress status among adults with arthritis age 45 years and older, 2001 SO ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM-ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE mental distress; arthritis; quality of life ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RISK-FACTOR; WEIGHT-LOSS; EXERCISE; DISABILITY; HEALTH AB Objective. To identify characteristics and behaviors among persons with arthritis through evaluation of self-perceived mental health status. Methods. Data were analyzed for adults with arthritis age 45 years or older from the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, an ongoing, state-based, random-digit-dialed telephone survey of noninstitutionalized adults living in the United States. Results. The prevalence of frequent mental distress (FMD; greater than or equal to14 self-reported mentally unhealthy days in the past 30 days) among persons with arthritis was 13.4%. Among persons with arthritis, those with FMD as compared with those without FMD were more likely to be underweight and obese than normal weight; they also were more likely to be insufficiently active or inactive than following recommended physical activity guidelines. In addition, those with arthritis and FMD were more likely to report disability and impaired physical and general health than were those with arthritis but without FMD. Conclusion. Physicians should encourage their patients with arthritis and mental distress to participate in educational and behavioral interventions shown to have both physical and psychological benefits. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tws2@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRIT RHEUM-ARTHR JI Arthritis Rheum-Arthritis Care Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 51 IS 4 BP 533 EP 537 DI 10.1002/art.20530 PG 5 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 844TL UT WOS:000223183100005 PM 15334424 ER PT J AU Bridges, CB Harper, S AF Bridges, CB Harper, S TI The full-court press for influenza prevention in elderly persons SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID LONG-TERM-CARE; A H3N2 EPIDEMIC; UNITED-STATES; NURSING-HOMES; VACCINATION; FACILITIES; MORTALITY; ILLNESS; PEOPLE; VIRUS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bridges, CB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cbridges@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 465 EP 467 DI 10.1086/422654 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 844EY UT WOS:000223141500005 PM 15356806 ER PT J AU Abdullah, ASM Ebrahim, SH Fielding, R Morisky, DE AF Abdullah, ASM Ebrahim, SH Fielding, R Morisky, DE TI Sexually transmitted infections in travelers: Implications for prevention and control SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RESISTANT NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; PEACE-CORPS VOLUNTEERS; RISK BEHAVIOR; INTERNATIONAL TRAVELERS; HIV-INFECTION; HONG-KONG; DISEASES; SEX; INTERVENTIONS AB Sexually transmissible diseases (STDs), the most common notifiable infectious conditions, remain major threats to reproductive and public health worldwide. Travelers are particularly vulnerable to STDs, because of voluntary or involuntary sexual behavior while abroad, and are significant vectors who introduce new pathogens and resistant strains to unaffected parts of the world. This article outlines some key issues that travel medicine specialists and other clinicians should revisit when providing services to travelers. We discuss obstacles to promoting sexual health, including the diversity of the target group, unanticipated opportunities for sexual risk, ambivalent cooperation by the travel and tourism industries, poorly developed travel health sectors, illegal migration and sex tourism, and lack of research about the association between travel and STDs. We also outlined some programmatic aspects of public health that should be identified and addressed for the promotion of sexual health among travelers. C1 Univ Hong Kong, Fac Med, Dept Community Med, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Abdullah, ASM (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Fac Med, Dept Community Med, 5-F Acad & Adm Block,Fac Med Bldg,21 Sassoon Rd, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM asm.abdullah@graduate.hku.hk RI Fielding, Richard/C-4268-2009 NR 36 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 533 EP 538 DI 10.1086/422721 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 844EY UT WOS:000223141500017 PM 15356817 ER PT J AU Stackelberg, PE Furlong, ET Meyer, MT Zaugg, SD Henderson, AK Reissman, DB AF Stackelberg, PE Furlong, ET Meyer, MT Zaugg, SD Henderson, AK Reissman, DB TI Persistence of pharmaceutical compounds and other organic wastewater contaminants in a conventional drinking-watertreatment plant SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE pharmaceuticals; wastewater contaminants; water treatment ID SURFACE WATERS; CLOFIBRIC ACID; GROUND-WATER; SEWAGE; METABOLITES; PESTICIDES; FATE; DEGRADATION; ENVIRONMENT; HERBICIDES AB In a study conducted by the US Geological Survey and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 24 water samples were collected at selected locations within a drinking-water-treatment (DWT) facility and from the two streams that serve the facility to evaluate the potential for wastewater-related organic contaminants to survive a conventional treatment process and persist in potable-water supplies. Stream-water samples as well as samples of raw, settled, filtered, and finished water were collected during low-flow conditions, when the discharge of effluent from upstream municipal sewage-treatment plants accounted for 37-67% of flow in stream 1 and 10-20% of flow in stream 2. Each sample was analyzed for 106 organic wastewater-related contaminants (OWCs) that represent a diverse group of extensively used chemicals. Forty OWCs were detected in one or more samples of stream water or raw-water supplies in the treatment plant; 34 were detected in more than 10% of these samples. Several of these compounds also were frequently detected in samples of finished water; these compounds include selected prescription and non-prescription drugs and their metabolites, fragrance compounds, flame retardants and plasticizers, cosmetic compounds, and a solvent. The detection of these compounds suggests that they resist removal through conventional water-treatment processes. Other compounds that also were frequently detected in samples of stream water and raw-water supplies were not detected in samples of finished water; these include selected prescription and non-prescription drugs and their metabolites, disinfectants, detergent metabolites, and plant and animal steroids. The non-detection of these compounds indicates that their concentrations are reduced to levels less than analytical detection limits or that they are transformed to degradates through conventional DWT processes. Concentrations of OWCs detected in finished water generally were low and did not exceed Federal drinking-water standards or lifetime health advisories, although such standards or advisories have not been established for most of these compounds. Also, at least 11 and as many as 17 OWCs were detected in samples of finished water. Drinking-water criteria currently are based on the toxicity of individual compounds and not combinations of compounds. Little is known about potential human-health effects associated with chronic exposure to trace levels of multiple OWCs through routes such as drinking water. The occurrence in drinking-water supplies of many of the OWCs analyzed for during this study is unregulated and most of these compounds have not been routinely monitored for in the Nation's source- or potable-water supplies. This study provides the first documentation that many of these compounds can survive conventional water-treatment processes and occur in potable-water supplies. It thereby provides information that can be used in setting research and regulatory priorities and in designing future monitoring programs. The results of this study also indicate that improvements in water-treatment processes may benefit from consideration of the response of OWCs and other trace organic contaminants to specific physical and chemical treatments. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Ocala, FL 34474 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stackelberg, PE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Rd, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. EM pestack@usgs.gov RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011; OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603; Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 33 TC 467 Z9 498 U1 32 U2 249 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 329 IS 1-3 BP 99 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.03.015 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 844MS UT WOS:000223163000008 PM 15262161 ER PT J AU Goncalves, L Albarran, B Salmen, S Borges, L Fields, H Montes, H Soyano, A Diaz, Y Berrueta, L AF Goncalves, L Albarran, B Salmen, S Borges, L Fields, H Montes, H Soyano, A Diaz, Y Berrueta, L TI The nonresponse to hepatitis B vaccination is associated with impaired lymphocyte activation SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HBsAg; CD40L; CD69; CD25; T cell activation; nonresponders; HBV vaccine ID TH2 CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; POOR RESPONDERS; CELLS; VACCINES; COSTIMULATION; EXPRESSION; PRECURSORS; INFECTION AB Nonresponsiveness against hepatitis B vaccination has been described in 4-10% of immunized subjects. We have explored the specific cell response to hepatitis B surface antigen by analyzing: PBMC proliferation, cytokine production (Th1, Th2 profiles, and TGF-beta), and activation molecules on Th cells. A poor proliferative response was demonstrated in nonresponders (P < 0.05). T cells from responders produced all tested cytokines (P < 0.01), in contrast with nonresponders subjects (P < 0.05). Expression of CD69 and CD25 was diminished in T cells from nonresponders (P < 0.01). A reduced expression of CD40L was also detected in T cells from nonresponders (P < 0.01). An elevated correlation coefficient was observed between CD40L on CD4+ cells and antibody production. These results suggest an overall inability of T cells to be activated which could be consistent with potential differences in antigen presentation. In conclusion, our results suggest that an altered Th response may be a consequence of inappropriate early activation events. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Los Andes, Inst Clin Immunol, Merida 5101, Venezuela. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Los Andes, CAMIULA, Merida 5101, Venezuela. Venezuelan Inst Sci Res, Caracas, Venezuela. RP Berrueta, L (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, Inst Clin Immunol, Ave 16 Septiembre,Edificio Louis Pasteur,Anexo 1A, Merida 5101, Venezuela. EM lberruet@ula.ve OI Berrueta, Lisbeth/0000-0002-5674-6448 NR 31 TC 42 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 326 IS 1 BP 20 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2004.04.042 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 840IV UT WOS:000222852800003 PM 15262491 ER PT J AU Moreno, RL Sampson, JS Romero-Steiner, S Wong, B Johnson, SE Ades, E Carlone, GM AF Moreno, RL Sampson, JS Romero-Steiner, S Wong, B Johnson, SE Ades, E Carlone, GM TI A murine model for the study of immune memory in response to pneumococcal conjugate vaccination SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE mouse model; memory; pneumococcal vaccines ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SUBCLASS ANTIBODY-LEVELS; INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; OTITIS-MEDIA; VACCINES; POLYSACCHARIDE; CHILDREN; IMMUNOGENICITY; COLONIZATION AB We developed a murine model for assessment of immunological memory and antibody-induced protection to nasopharyngeal (NP) challenges. BALB/c female mice (n = 10 mice per study parameter) were immunized with two priming doses of the licensed 7-valent pneumococcal (Pnc) conjugate vaccine and immune responses [antibody immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, avidity and opsonophagocytic activity] were monitored for 26 weeks until IgG levels decreased to nearly baseline. A booster dose of either 2 mug Conjugate or 5 mug polysaccharide vaccine was given at week 26. The ability of these two treatments to recall immune memory established by the conjugate vaccine was determined for types 4 and 14 for up to 63 days post-booster. The ability of challenge with pneumococcal type 14 to recall the immune response was also evaluated, as well as, the number of antibody secreting cells (ASC) specific to polysaccharide (Ps) 4, 613, and 14. A higher dose of conjugate vaccine (2 mug) was necessary to elicit a significant increase in IgG levels after priming with one dose. Priming with lower doses (0.5 and 1.0 mug) only elicited modest increases in IgG levels. Recall of the immune response was found with either conjugate or Ps vaccines. NP challenge with type 14 at week 26 did not recall the immune response, although reduction in NP Pnc load was seen post-primary immunization at 5, 10 and 26 weeks. ASCs were detected in response to either conjugate or Ps booster doses. This model allows for the screening and determination of potential alternative vaccination regimens and the study of immunological markers of memory following Pnc vaccination. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sampson, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Bldg 17,Room 5210,MS G05,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jas5@cdc.gov RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009; OI Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 23-24 BP 3069 EP 3079 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.02.018 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 849AO UT WOS:000223509800015 PM 15297057 ER PT J AU Kongkasuriyachai, D Bartels-Andrews, L Stowers, A Collins, WE Sullivan, J Sattabongkot, J Torii, M Tsuboi, T Kumar, N AF Kongkasuriyachai, D Bartels-Andrews, L Stowers, A Collins, WE Sullivan, J Sattabongkot, J Torii, M Tsuboi, T Kumar, N TI Potent immunogenicity of DNA vaccines encoding Plasmodium vivax transmission-blocking vaccine candidates Pvs25 and Pvs28 - evaluation of homologous and heterologous antigen-delivery prime-boost strategy SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium vivax; transmission-blocking immunity; Pvs25; Pvs28; DNA vaccine ID OOKINETE SURFACE; MALARIA; PFS25; ANTIBODIES; FALCIPARUM; PROTEINS AB Transmission-blocking vaccines target the sexual stages of the malaria parasite and prevent further development within the mosquito vector halting the transmission of the parasite. Zygote/ookinetes are potential targets of antibodies inhibiting oocyst development in the mosquito midgut and rendering mosquitoes non-infectious. DNA vaccine constructs were developed expressing Pvs25 and Pvs28 (Plasmodium vivax zygote/ookinete surface proteins) fused at the amino terminus with tissue plasminogen activator signal peptide. Antibodies produced in mice after immunization with three doses recognized respective antigens in the parasites and in an ELISA,and these antibodies when tested in membrane feeding assay were potent blockers of R vivax transmission. Co-immunization with Pvs25 and Pvs28 DNA vaccine constructs did not affect the antigen specific antibody responses against individual antigens, and the antibodies remained effective in blocking parasite transmission demonstrating 91-99% reduction in oocyst number in the mosquito midgut. Several combinations of homologous and heterologous antigen-delivery prime boost strategy were also evaluated and the results suggested that antibody titers and transmission-blocking activities by the three prime-boost strategies (DNA prime/DNA boost, DNA prime/protein boost, and protein prime/protein boost) were comparable with slightly better immunogenicity of heterologous antigen-delivery prime/boost as compared to DNA/DNA alone. These results demonstrate potent immunogenicity of DNA vaccines encoding Pvs25 and Pvs28 and warrant further evaluation in non-human primates. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Malaria Res Inst, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NIAID, Malaria Vaccine Dev Unit, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anim Resources Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Ehime Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Parasitol, Shigenobu, Ehime 7918503, Japan. Ehime Univ, Cell Free Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. RP Kumar, N (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Malaria Res Inst, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM nkumar@jhsph.edu RI Kongkasuriyachai, Darin/F-2123-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI47089] NR 20 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 23-24 BP 3205 EP 3213 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.11.060 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 849AO UT WOS:000223509800033 PM 15297075 ER PT J AU Brooks, S Apostol, M Nadle, S Grey, A Haubert, N Burnite, S Crume, T Barrett, NL Farley, MM Martell-Cleary, P Harrison, L Sanza, LT Morin, C Lynfield, R Smith, G Cieslak, P Stefonek, K Barnes, B Craig, AS McCoy, SI Schrag, S Schuchat, A Robinson, KA AF Brooks, S Apostol, M Nadle, S Grey, A Haubert, N Burnite, S Crume, T Barrett, NL Farley, MM Martell-Cleary, P Harrison, L Sanza, LT Morin, C Lynfield, R Smith, G Cieslak, P Stefonek, K Barnes, B Craig, AS McCoy, SI Schrag, S Schuchat, A Robinson, KA TI Diminishing racial disparities in early-onset neonatal group streptococcal disease - United States, 2000-2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 502-505, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID PREVENTION C1 Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, Denver, CO USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, Hartford, CT USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Maryland Emerging Infect Program, Baltimore, MD USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Salem, OR USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Surveillance, Act Bacterial Core Surveillance Emerging Infect P, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brooks, S (reprint author), Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 6 BP 676 EP 677 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 844RM UT WOS:000223177300006 ER PT J AU Seward, JF Zhang, JX Maupin, TJ Mascola, L Jumaan, AO AF Seward, JF Zhang, JX Maupin, TJ Mascola, L Jumaan, AO TI Contagiousness of varicella in vaccinated cases - A household contact study SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ZOSTER VIRUS-INFECTIONS; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; FAMILY CONTACTS; CARE-CENTER; OUTBREAK; CHICKENPOX; SCHOOL; POSTLICENSURE; AGE AB Context Limited data are available on the contagiousness of vaccinated varicella cases Objectives To describe secondary attack rates within households according to disease history and vaccination status of the primary case and household contacts and to estimate varicella vaccine effectiveness. Design, Setting, and Patients Population-based, active varicella surveillance project in a community of approximately 320000 in Los Angeles County, California, during 1997 and 2001. Varicella cases were reported by child care centers, private and public schools, and health care clinicians and were investigated to collect demographic, clinical, medical, and vaccination data. Information on household contacts' age, varicella history, and vaccination status was collected. Main Outcome Measures Varicella secondary attack rate among household contacts; vaccine effectiveness using secondary attack rates in unvaccinated and vaccinated children and adolescents. Results A total of 6316 varicella cases were reported. Among children and adolescents aged 1 to 14 years, secondary attack rates varied according to age and by disease and vaccination status of the primary case and exposed household contacts. Among contacts aged 1 to 14 years exposed to unvaccinated cases, the secondary attack rate was 71.5% if they were unvaccinated and 15.1% if they were vaccinated (risk ratio [RR], 0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.30). Overall, vaccinated cases were half as contagious as unvaccinated cases. However, vaccinated cases with 50 lesions or more were similarly contagious as unvaccinated cases whereas those with fewer than 50 lesions were only one third as contagious (secondary attack rate, 23.4%; RR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.19-0.53]). Vaccine effectiveness for prevention of all disease was 78.9% (95% CI, 69.7%-85.3%); moderate disease, 92% (50-500 lesions) and 100% (clinician visit); and severe disease, 100%. Conclusions Under conditions of intense exposure, varicella vaccine was highly effective in preventing moderate and severe disease and about 80% effective in preventing all disease. Breakthrough varicella cases in household settings were half as contagious as unvaccinated persons with varicella, although contagiousness varied with numbers of lesions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Seward, JF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jseward@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 81 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 6 BP 704 EP 708 DI 10.1001/jama.292.6.704 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 844RM UT WOS:000223177300024 PM 15304467 ER PT J AU Col, NF Weber, G Stiggelbout, A Chuo, J D'Agostino, R Corso, P AF Col, NF Weber, G Stiggelbout, A Chuo, J D'Agostino, R Corso, P TI Short-term menopausal hormone therapy for symptom relief - An updated decision model SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Medical-Decision-Making CY OCT 19-22, 2003 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Med Decis Making ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; ESTROGEN PLUS PROGESTIN; HEALTHY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; BREAST-CANCER PATIENTS; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; OVARIAN-CANCER; VASOMOTOR SYMPTOMS; COLORECTAL-CANCER; FUNCTIONAL STATUS AB Background: Hormone therapy (HT) provides the most effective relief of menopausal symptoms. This therapy is associated with a decreased risk of osteoporosis and colorectal cancer but increased risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD), venous thrombosis, and breast cancer. Our objective was to identify which women should benefit from short-term HT by exploring the trade-off between symptom relief and risks of inducing disease. Methods: A Markov model simulates the effect of short-term (2 years) estrogen and progestin HT on life expectancy and quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) among 50-year-old menopausal women with intact uteri, using findings from the Women's Health Initiative. Quality-of-life (QOL) utility scores were derived from the literature. We assumed HT-affected QOL only during perimenopause, when it reduced symptoms by 80%. Results: Among asymptomatic women, short-term HT was associated with net losses in life expectancy and QALE of 1 to 3 months, depending on CVD risk. Women with mild or severe menopausal symptoms gained 3 to 4 months or 7 to 8 months of QALE, respectively. Among women at low risk for CVD, HT extended QALE if menopausal symptoms lowered QOL by as little as 4%. Among women at elevated CVD risk, HT extended QALE only if symptoms lowered QOL by at least 12%. Conclusions: Hormone therapy is associated with losses in survival but gains in QALE for women with menopausal symptoms. Women expected to benefit from short-term HT can be identified by the severity of their menopausal symptoms and CVD risk. C1 Brown Univ, Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Gen Internal Med, Med Sch, Providence, RI 02903 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Leiden Univ, Ctr Med, Leiden, Netherlands. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Col, NF (reprint author), Brown Univ, Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Gen Internal Med, Med Sch, MPB 1,593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903 USA. EM ncol@lifespan.org OI Weber, Griffin/0000-0002-2597-881X FU AHRQ HHS [R01 HS01332901] NR 67 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD AUG 9 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 15 BP 1634 EP 1640 DI 10.1001/archinte.164.15.1634 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 845HN UT WOS:000223233100006 PM 15302633 ER PT J AU Giblin, TB Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Harris, PL Jacobs, S Liberatore, K Palfreyman, MA Harrison, EI Cardo, DM AF Giblin, TB Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Harris, PL Jacobs, S Liberatore, K Palfreyman, MA Harrison, EI Cardo, DM CA CDC Camp Prev Antimi Resis Team TI Clinicians' perceptions of the problem of antimicrobial resistance in health care facilities SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INFECTION-CONTROL MEASURES; VANCOMYCIN USE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; GUIDELINES; EMERGENCE; MICROORGANISMS; PREVENTION; STRATEGIES; HOSPITALS AB Background: Many clinicians do not comply with guidelines regarding antimicrobial resistance (AR). In response, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed a national Campaign to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance in Healthcare Settings that presents 4 strategies and 12 evidence-based steps. Methods: To assess clinicians' perceptions of AR, barriers and facilitators to preventing AR, and how best to reach clinicians, a questionnaire and 4 focus groups were conducted after presentation of the Campaign at 4 Pittsburgh Regional Healthcare Initiative hospitals. Results: One hundred seventeen clinicians completed the questionnaire; 28 participated in the focus groups. Clinicians were significantly more likely to perceive that AR was a problem nationally than in their own institution (95% vs 77%; P < .001) or practice (95% vs 65%; P = .002), consistent with focus group results (93% nationally vs 46% institution or practice). The 3 Campaign steps with the most barriers to implementation were "Treat infection, not colonization" (35%), "Stop treatment when infection is cured or unlikely" (35%), and "Practice antimicrobial control" (33%). Clinicians in the focus groups cited the additional barriers of the health care culture, lack of knowledge, and the nursing shortage; facilitators included education, information technology, and consults. Computer programs, posters, and local data were suggested for reaching clinicians about AR. Conclusions: Clinicians perceive AR to be a complex national problem but less relevant to their own institution or practice. Providing clinicians with information and steps for preventing AR, as in the Campaign, may affect their perceptions of the problem and motivate them to take actions to ensure patient safety. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Med, Dept Infect Control, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Monongahela Valley Hosp, Dept Infect Control, St Clair Mem Hosp, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Monongahela Valley Hosp, Dept Infect Control, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Washington Hosp, Dept Infect Control, Washington, PA USA. RP Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E68, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rls7@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD AUG 9 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 15 BP 1662 EP 1668 DI 10.1001/archinte.164.15.1662 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 845HN UT WOS:000223233100009 PM 15302636 ER PT J AU Focant, JF Reiner, EJ MacPherson, K Kolic, T Sjodin, A Patterson, DG Reese, SL Dorman, FL Cochran, J AF Focant, JF Reiner, EJ MacPherson, K Kolic, T Sjodin, A Patterson, DG Reese, SL Dorman, FL Cochran, J TI Measurement of PCDDs, PCDFs, and non-ortho-PCBs by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-isotope dilution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC x GC-IDTOFMS) SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs); polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs); coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (cPCBs); comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC); time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; EQUIVALENCY FACTORS TEFS; DIOXINS; SELECTIVITY; SEPARATION; TOOL AB Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with isotope-dilution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC x GC-IDTOFMS) was used to measure polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF), and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl (cPCB) concentrations in ash, sediment, vegetation, and fish samples. The GC x GC capability was achieved by using a quad jet, dual stage, thermal modulator. Zone compression of the GC peaks from modulation resulted in a significant increase of the signal intensity over classical GC-IDTOFMS. The GC x GC column set used an Rtx-Dioxin 2 phase as the first dimension (D-1) and an Rtx-500 as the second dimension (D-2). The chromatographic separation of the 17 PCDD/Fs and the 4 cPCBs was attained in D-1 except for 2,3,7,8-TCDD and CB126 for which deconvoluted ion currents (DIC) were required to be reported separately. The Rtx-500 phase separated the bulk matrix interfering compounds from the target analytes in D-2. The instrumental limit of detection (iLODs) was 0.5 pg for 2,3,7,8-TCDD. The calibration curves showed good correlation coefficients for all the compounds investigated in the concentration range of 0.5-200 pg. GC x GC-IDTOFMS results compared favorably to those from conventional isotope-dilution one-dimensional gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-IDHRMS). The comprehensive mass analysis of the TOFMS further permitted the identification of other contaminants of concern in the samples. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, OAT Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Minist Environm, Toronto, ON M9P 3V6, Canada. Folsom Lake Coll, Folsom, CA 95630 USA. Restek Corp, Bellefonte, PA 16823 USA. LECO Corp, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Focant, JF (reprint author), Univ Liege, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Allee Chim B6C, B-4000 Cointe Ougree, Belgium. EM jf.focant@ulg.ac.be RI Dorman, Frank/G-8349-2012; Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010; OI Reiner, Eric /0000-0002-5349-2139 NR 32 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD AUG 8 PY 2004 VL 63 IS 5 BP 1231 EP 1240 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2004.05.043 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 847TB UT WOS:000223416700014 PM 18969552 ER PT J AU McKenna, MT Wingo, P Gibson, JJ AF McKenna, MT Wingo, P Gibson, JJ TI Registries and informed consent SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID PUBLIC-HEALTH C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. RP McKenna, MT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mtm1@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 5 PY 2004 VL 351 IS 6 BP 613 EP 613 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 843HS UT WOS:000223069900025 ER PT J CA CDC TI Cigarette use among high school students - United States, 1991-2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 499-502, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 4 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 5 BP 558 EP 559 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 843AE UT WOS:000223045500005 ER PT J AU Barfield, W Martin, J Hoyert, D AF Barfield, W Martin, J Hoyert, D TI Racial/ethnic trends in fetal mortality - United States, 1990-2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 529-532, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID BIRTH C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barfield, W (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 4 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 5 BP 559 EP 561 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 843AE UT WOS:000223045500006 ER PT J AU Barry, R Edwards, E Pelletier, A Brewer, R Miller, J Naimi, T Redmond, A Ramsey, L AF Barry, R Edwards, E Pelletier, A Brewer, R Miller, J Naimi, T Redmond, A Ramsey, L TI Enhanced enforcement of laws to prevent alcohol sales to underage persons - New Hampshire, 1999-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 452-454, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Concord Police Dept, Concord, NH 03301 USA. New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barry, R (reprint author), Concord Police Dept, Concord, NH 03301 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 4 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 5 BP 561 EP 562 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 843AE UT WOS:000223045500007 ER PT J AU Reissman, DB Arias, I Whitney, EAS Taylor, TH AF Reissman, DB Arias, I Whitney, EAS Taylor, TH TI Posttraumatic stress among survivors of bioterrorism - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID HEALTH C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat Informat Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Reissman, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dreissman@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 4 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 5 BP 566 EP 566 DI 10.1001/jama.292.5.566-b PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 843AE UT WOS:000223045500011 ER PT J AU Cardozo, BL Bilukha, OO Crawford, CAG Shaikh, I Wolfe, MI Gerber, ML Anderson, M AF Cardozo, BL Bilukha, OO Crawford, CAG Shaikh, I Wolfe, MI Gerber, ML Anderson, M TI Mental health, social functioning, and disability in postwar Afghanistan SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-RIGHTS; REFUGEES; TORTURE; TRAUMA; WAR; INSTRUMENT; ATTITUDES; KOSOVO; CAMPS AB Context More than 2 decades of conflict have led to widespread human suffering and population displacement in Afghanistan. In 2002, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other collaborating partners performed a national population-based mental health survey in Afghanistan. Objective To provide national estimates of mental health status of the disabled (any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner considered normal for a human being) and nondisabled Afghan population aged at least 15 years. Design, Setting, and Participants A national multistage, cluster, population-based mental health survey of 799 adult household members (699 nondisabled and 100 disabled respondents) aged 15 years or older conducted from July to September 2002. Fifty district-level clusters were selected based on probability proportional to size sampling. One village was randomly selected in each cluster and 15 households were randomly selected in each village, yielding 750 households. Main Outcome Measures Demographics, social functioning as measured by selected questions from the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, depressive symptoms measured by the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25, trauma events and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) measured by the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, and culture-specific symptoms of mental illness and coping mechanisms. Results A total of 407 respondents (62.0%) reported experiencing at least 4 trauma events during the previous 10 years. The most common trauma events experienced by the respondents were lack of food and water (56.1%) for nondisabled persons and lack of shelter (69.7%) for disabled persons. The prevalence of respondents with symptoms of depression was 67.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 54.6%-80.7%) and 71.7% (95% Cl, 65.0%-78.4%), and symptoms of anxiety 72.2% (95% Cl, 63.8%-80.7%) and 84.6% (95% Cl, 74.1%-95.0%) for nondisabled and disabled respondents, respectively. The prevalence of symptoms of PTSD was similar for both groups (nondisabled, 42.1%; 95% Cl, 34.2%-50.1%; and disabled, 42.2% - 95% Cl, 29.2%-55.2%). Women had significantly poorer mental health status than men did. Respondents who were disabled had significantly lower social functioning and poorer mental health status than those who were nondisabled. Feelings of hatred were high (84% of nondisabled and 81% of disabled respondents). Coping mechanisms included religious and spiritual practices; focusing on basic needs, such as higher income, better housing, and more food; and seeking medical assistance. Conclusions In this nationally representative survey of Afghans, prevalence rates of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD were high. These data underscore the need for donors and health care planners to address the current lack of mental health care resources, facilities, and trained mental health care professionals in Afghanistan. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Vietnam Vet Amer Fdn, Washington, DC USA. RP Cardozo, BL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-97, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bhc8@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 131 Z9 136 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 4 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 5 BP 575 EP 584 DI 10.1001/jama.292.5.575 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 843AE UT WOS:000223045500015 PM 15292083 ER PT J AU Scholte, WF Olff, M Ventevogel, P de Vries, GJ Jansveld, E Cardozo, BL Crawford, CAG AF Scholte, WF Olff, M Ventevogel, P de Vries, GJ Jansveld, E Cardozo, BL Crawford, CAG TI Mental health symptoms following war and repression in eastern Afghanistan SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; HARVARD TRAUMA QUESTIONNAIRE; POSTCONFLICT SETTINGS; HUMAN-RIGHTS; REFUGEES; CHECKLIST-25; INSTRUMENT; ATTITUDES; TORTURE AB Context Decades of armed conflict, suppression, and displacement resulted in a high prevalence of mental health symptoms throughout Afghanistan. Its Eastern province of Nangarhar is part of the region that originated the Taliban movement. This may have had a distinct impact on the living circumstances and mental health condition of the province's population. Objectives To determine the rate of exposure to traumatic events; estimate prevalence rates of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety; identify resources used for emotional support and risk factors for mental health symptoms; and assess the present coverage of basic needs in Nangarhar province, Afghanistan. Design, Setting, and Participants A cross-sectional multicluster sample survey of 1011 respondents aged 15 years or older, conducted in Nangarhar province during January and March 2003; 362 households were represented with a mean of 2.8 respondents per household (72% participation rate). Main Outcome Measures Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and traumatic events using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire; depression and general anxiety symptoms using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist; and resources for emotional support through a locally informed questionnaire. Results During the past 10 years, 432 respondents (43.7%) experienced between 8 and 10 traumatic events; 141 respondents (14.1%) experienced 11 or more. High rates of symptoms of depression were reported by 391 respondents (38.5%); anxiety, 524 (51.8%); and PTSD, 207 (20.4%). Symptoms were more prevalent in women than in men (depression: odds ratio [OR], 7.3 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 5.4-9.8]; anxiety: OR, 12.8 [95% Cl, 9.0-18.1]; PTSD: OR, 5.8 (95% Cl, 3.8-8.9]). Higher rates of symptoms were associated with higher numbers of traumas experienced. The main resources for emotional support were religion and family. Medical care was reported to be insufficient by 228 respondents (22.6%). Conclusions In this survey of inhabitants of Nangarhar province, Afghanistan, prevalence rates of having experienced multiple traumatic events and having symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD were high. These findings suggest that mental health symptoms in this region should be addressed at the population and primary health care level. C1 Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, NL-1105 BC Amsterdam, Netherlands. HealthNet Int, Amsterdam, Netherlands. War Child, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Int Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv,Int Emergency, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Scholte, WF (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Tafelbergweg 25, NL-1105 BC Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM w.f.scholte@amc.uva.nl FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU022475] NR 22 TC 102 Z9 107 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 4 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 5 BP 585 EP 593 DI 10.1001/jama.292.5.585 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 843AE UT WOS:000223045500016 PM 15292084 ER PT J AU Spiegel, PB Salama, P Maloney, S van der Veen, A AF Spiegel, PB Salama, P Maloney, S van der Veen, A TI Quality of malnutrition assessment surveys conducted during famine in Ethiopia SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; DISPLACED PERSONS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; MORTALITY; MORBIDITY; REFUGEE; CAMPS AB Context During 1999 and 2000, approximately 10 million people were affected by famine in Ethiopia. Results of nutrition assessments and surveys conducted by humanitarian organizations were used by donors and government agencies to determine needs for food aid and to make other decisions on geographic allocation of limited resources; however, accurate results might have been hampered by methodological errors. Objectives To identify common methodological errors in nutrition assessments and surveys and to provide practical recommendations for improvement. Design and Setting Nutrition assessments and surveys (n=125) conducted by 14 nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in 54 woredas (districts) in Ethiopia from May 1, 1999, through July 31, 2000. Surveys were ranked as valid and precise according to 5 criteria: use of population proportional to size sampling, sample size, number of clusters, number of children per cluster, and use of weight-for-height index. Main Outcome Measures Number and proportion of surveys that used standard, internationally accepted methods and reported valid and precise results. Results Fifty-eight of the 125 surveys (46%) were not intended to be standard 30 X 30 cluster surveys. Of the remaining 67 surveys, 6 (9%) met predetermined criteria for validity and precision. All 67 used the anthropometric index of weight-for-height, with 58 (87%) reporting z scores. Fifty-four (81%) used nonrandom sampling without consideration of population size and 6 (9%) had sample sizes of fewer than 500 persons. Conclusions Major methodological errors were identified among 30 X 30 cluster surveys designed to measure acute malnutrition prevalence in Ethiopia during the famine of 1999-2000. Donor agencies and NGOs should be educated about the need for improved quality of nutrition assessments and their essential role in directing allocation of scarce food resources. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Off Reg Humanitarian Emergency Coordinator, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Spiegel, PB (reprint author), UNHCR, Case Postale 2500, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM spiegel@unhcr.ch NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 4 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 5 BP 613 EP 618 DI 10.1001/jama.292.5.613 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 843AE UT WOS:000223045500019 PM 15292087 ER PT J AU Lillie-Blanton, M Maddox, TM Rushing, O Mensah, GA AF Lillie-Blanton, M Maddox, TM Rushing, O Mensah, GA TI Disparities in cardiac care: Rising to the challenge of healthy people 2010 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RACIAL DISPARITIES AB Eliminating health disparities is one of two overarching goals of Healthy People 2010. Although the causes of health disparities are complex, they appear to be related, in part, to disparities in the quality of medical care. Two recent reviews of peer-reviewed research investigated the evidence on racial/ethnic differences in medical care. An Institute of Medicine summary of the literature concluded that in most studies, racial and ethnic disparities in health care remained even after adjustment for potentially confounding factors. A review focused specifically on cardiac care, conducted jointly by the Kaiser Family Foundation and the American College of Cardiology Foundation, reached a similar conclusion after examining the most rigorous studies investigating racial/ethnic differences in angiography, angioplasty, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, and thrombolytic therapy. For example, African Americans were statistically less likely than whites to undergo CABG surgery in 21 of the 23 most rigorous studies that calculated odds ratios to compare CABG use. Although there is a convincing body of evidence that race continues to matter in the health system, a nationally representative survey of physicians revealed that the majority of physicians do not view a patient's race/ethnicity as a factor in obtaining care, but do believe insurance coverage matters. Increasing physicians' awareness of the evidence for the role that race/ethnicity plays in health care is important because they are in a good position to directly and indirectly affect changes in clinical practice or patient behavior that could reduce disparities in care. (C) 2004 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. C1 Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Mt Sinai Med Ctr, Cardiovasc Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA. Grantmakers In Hlth, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lillie-Blanton, M (reprint author), Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, 1330 G St NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM mlillie-blanton@kff.org OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 13 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD AUG 4 PY 2004 VL 44 IS 3 BP 503 EP 508 DI 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.04.043 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 843AV UT WOS:000223047900002 PM 15358011 ER PT J AU Plowden, J Renshaw-Hoelscher, M Engleman, C Katz, J Sambhara, S AF Plowden, J Renshaw-Hoelscher, M Engleman, C Katz, J Sambhara, S TI Innate immunity in aging: impact on macrophage function SO AGING CELL LA English DT Review DE aging; cytokines; immunity; inflammation; macrophage; wound healing ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; LANGERHANS CELL-MIGRATION; DENDRITIC CELLS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; MURINE MACROPHAGES; HUMAN MONOCYTES; T-CELLS; ELDERLY-PEOPLE AB Innate and adaptive immune functions decline with age, leading to increased susceptibility to infectious diseases and cancer, and reduced responses to preventive vaccination in the elderly population. Macrophages function as 'pathogen sensors' and play an important role in the initiation of inflammatory responses, elimination of pathogens, manipulation of the adaptive immune response and reparation of damaged tissue. In this paper, we review the literature addressing the impact of aging on the macrophage population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sambhara, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ssambhara@cdc.gov NR 79 TC 181 Z9 193 U1 1 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1474-9718 J9 AGING CELL JI Aging Cell PD AUG PY 2004 VL 3 IS 4 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1111/j.1474-9728.2004.00102.x PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 844DT UT WOS:000223138300004 PM 15268749 ER PT J AU Flores, SA Crepaz, N AF Flores, SA Crepaz, N CA HIV Prevention Research Synthesis TI Quality of study methods in individual- and group-level HIV intervention research: Critical reporting elements SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-EDUCATION INTERVENTIONS; RISK-REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; RESEARCH SYNTHESIS PROJECT; INJECTING DRUG-USERS; PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS; BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS; UNITED-STATES; METAANALYSIS; HIV/AIDS AB To facilitate research synthesis and the identification of effective interventions, we reviewed and summarized critical reporting elements related to quality of study methods (QSM) specifically for individual- and group-level HIV intervention research. In developing these elements, we considered three sources of information: threats to validity, criteria and recommendations from review projects, and criteria and recommendations from published reviews relevant to HIV intervention research. Suggested QSM elements include, thoroughly describing intervention activities, using comparable outcome measures at preintervention and postintervention assessments, reporting data in detail for each study group, reporting participant refusal rates, including a comparison group, demonstrating study group comparability, clearly describing assignment to study groups, using appropriate statistical controls, collecting follow-up data from at least a 3-month postintervention period, reporting attrition in detail, and describing in detail whether the study sample size is adequate for detecting the expected effect size. Reporting on these QSM elements will assist in identifying effective behavioral interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Flores, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sflores@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 16 IS 4 BP 341 EP 352 DI 10.1521/aeap.16.4.341.40396 PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 848AI UT WOS:000223438900005 PM 15342336 ER PT J AU Parsons, JT Missildine, W Van Ora, J Purcell, DW Gomez, CA AF Parsons, JT Missildine, W Van Ora, J Purcell, DW Gomez, CA CA Seropositive Urban Drug Injectors TI HIV serostatus disclosure to sexual partners among HIV-positive injection drug users SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID SELF-DISCLOSURE; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; SOCIAL SUPPORT; INFECTION; MEN; PREVENTION; PATTERNS; REASONS; ETHICS; GAY AB Utilizing mixed methods analyses with cross-sectional data from an ethnically diverse sample of HIV-seropositive injection drug users (IDUs), we sought to examine disclosure and sexual behavior based on partner type, partner serostatus, and transmission risk. Results indicated that more participants disclosed to their HIV-positive sex partners than to their HIV-negative or unknown status sex partners. However, unexpectedly, we found that more participants disclosed to casual sex partners than primary partners before first sexual contact. Consistent disclosers reported more unprotected sexual activity compared to nondisclosers, and were more likely to believe they had a responsibility to disclose. Nondisclosers were less likely than consistent disclosers to believe it was important to protect sex partners from HIV and were more resentful of wearing condoms. In terms of the qualitative data, we found that the emotionally upsetting narratives came from those we defined as "eventual disclosers." This category represented those participants who were in relationships and had not disclosed their status to their primary partners until after having had sex with that partner. These narratives indicated that researchers looking at disclosure behavior should be aware of varying disclosure contexts as well as the emotional consequences impacting disclosure decision-making within these contexts. C1 CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Psychol, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY Grad Sch & Univ Ctr, New York, NY 10036 USA. Ctr HIV AIDS Educ Studies & Training CHEST, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Parsons, JT (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Psychol, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM Jeffrey.parsons@hunter.cuny.edu OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168; Parsons, Jeffrey/0000-0002-6875-7566 NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD AUG PY 2004 VL 18 IS 8 BP 457 EP 469 DI 10.1089/1087291041703683 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 847EB UT WOS:000223374400004 PM 15321017 ER PT J AU O'Brien, KL Shaw, J Weatherholtz, R Reid, R Watt, J Croll, J Dagan, R Parkinson, AJ Santosham, M AF O'Brien, KL Shaw, J Weatherholtz, R Reid, R Watt, J Croll, J Dagan, R Parkinson, AJ Santosham, M TI Epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae among Navajo children in the era before use of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines, 1989-1996 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE child; incidence; Indians; North American; pneumococcal vaccines; Streptococcus pneumoniae ID CHARLESTON COUNTY; SOUTH-CAROLINA; DISEASE; INFECTIONS; BACTEREMIA; PREVENTION; POPULATION; ALASKA; DECADE; OPPORTUNITIES AB Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of invasive bacterial disease among children worldwide. The authors aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, and serotype distribution of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among Navajo children in the southwestern United States. Active population-based laboratory surveillance for IPD among resident members of the Navajo Nation under 18 years of age was conducted between 1989 and 1996. During this 8-year period, 706 cases of IPD were identified. The rate of disease varied by age, with the highest rate being observed among children aged 6-11 months (727 cases/100,000 person-years), followed by children aged 0-11 months, 0-23 months, and 0-59 months (568, 537, and 272 cases/100,000 person-years, respectively). Among children aged 0-23 months, 60.3% of cases were caused by serotypes in the seven-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (71.5% from 1989-1993 and 58.3% from 1994-1996). Navajo children are at increased risk of IPD in comparison with the general US population. The distribution of disease-causing serotypes is similar to that of many countries in the developing world. Prevention strategies should include the use of licensed pneumococcal protein conjugate vaccine; however, a substantial proportion of disease is caused by nonvaccine serotypes. These data are critical for assessing the impact of these vaccines in this high-risk population. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Soroka Univ Med Ctr, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Beer Sheva, Israel. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. RP O'Brien, KL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, 621 N Washington St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM klobrien@jhsph.edu NR 32 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 160 IS 3 BP 270 EP 278 DI 10.1093/aje/kwh191 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 843FF UT WOS:000223063200013 PM 15258000 ER PT J AU Bruden, DL McMahon, BJ Hennessy, TW Christensen, CJ Homan, CE Williams, JL Sullivan, DG Gretch, DR Cagle, HH Bulkow, LR AF Bruden, DL McMahon, BJ Hennessy, TW Christensen, CJ Homan, CE Williams, JL Sullivan, DG Gretch, DR Cagle, HH Bulkow, LR TI Estimating the date of hepatitis C virus infection from patient interviews and antibody tests on stored sera SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; NON-A; POSTTRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; NATURAL-HISTORY; UNITED-STATES; DRUG-USERS; FOLLOW-UP; COHORT AB OBJECTIVES: Studies on the natural history and outcome of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection differ regarding the proportion of persons who develop serious sequelae over time. Most of these studies use an estimated date of HCV infection based on risk factor data obtained from patient interviews. The date of HCV infection is often estimated using the year of a pre-1992 blood transfusion (BT), or the first year of injecting drug use (IDU). We sought to determine the accuracy of these dates obtained by interview. METHODS: We compared BT dates reported by patients in a long-term HCV outcome study to dates confirmed in a BT-Lookback project, and also compared the reported first year of IDU to seroconversion dates estimated from HCV tests on historical sera. RESULTS: Of 28 BT recipients who were interviewed in the HCV outcome study and identified in the Lookback project, 14 (50%; 95% Cl: 31-69%) were unaware they had received a BT. Of 25 persons identified in the BT-Lookback project with historical sera available, 9 (36%; 95% Cl: 19-57%) had anti-HCV results that did not correlate with their confirmed BT date. Of 216 persons with a history of IDU and historical serum samples available, 66 (31%; 95% Cl: 25-37%) had anti-HCV results that did not correlate with their reported first year of IDU. CONCLUSIONS: Inaccuracies in the length of HCV could occur in outcome studies that rely on patient recall of risk-factor history. Statistical methods that incorporate the uncertainty in assigning infection date are needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arct Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Native Med Ctr, Viral Hepatitis Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bruden, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arct Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 48214] NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 99 IS 8 BP 1517 EP 1522 DI 10.1111/j.1572-.241.2004.30826.x PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 846YJ UT WOS:000223355200023 PM 15307870 ER PT J AU Hnizdo, E Sullivan, PA Bang, KM Wagner, G AF Hnizdo, E Sullivan, PA Bang, KM Wagner, G TI Airflow obstruction attributable to work in industry and occupation among US race/ethnic groups: A study of NHANES III data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; prevalence; attributable fraction; employment; raciallethnic differences ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; PULMONARY-DISEASE COPD; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; CHRONIC-BRONCHITIS; TOBACCO SMOKING; SERUM COTININE; DUST EXPOSURE; LUNG-DISEASE; SILICA DUST; GOLD MINERS AB Objectives To estimate the fraction of airflow obstruction attributable to workplace exposure by U.S. race/ethnic group. Methods U.S. population-based third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) data on 4,086 Caucasians, 2,774 African-Americans, and 2,568 Mexican-Americans, aged 30-75, were studied. Airflow obstruction was defined as FEV1/FVC<75% and FEV1<80% predicted. Weighted prevalence, and prevalence odds ratios (OR) adjusted for the effect of age, smoking status, pack-years, body mass index, education, and socio-economic status were estimated using SUDAAN software. Results Industries with the most cases of airflow obstruction attributable to workplace exposure include: armed forces; rubber, plastics, and leather manufacturing; utilities; textile mill manufacturing; health care; food products manufacturing; sales; construction; and agriculture. The fraction of cases with airflow obstruction associated with work in industry varied by race/ethnic group and was estimated as 22.2% (95% CI 9.1-33.4) among Caucasians, 23.4% (95% CI 2.2-40.0) among African-Americans, and 49.6% (32.1-62.6) among Mexican-Americans. Conclusions This study found differences in the fraction of airflow obstruction cases associated with employment pattern among major U.S. race/ethnic population groups. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Hnizdo, E (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM exh6@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 46 IS 2 BP 126 EP 135 DI 10.1002/ajim.20042 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 842NF UT WOS:000223010400005 PM 15273964 ER PT J AU Stevenson, KB Murphy, CL Samore, MH Hannah, EL Moore, JW Barbera, J Houck, P Gerberding, JL AF Stevenson, KB Murphy, CL Samore, MH Hannah, EL Moore, JW Barbera, J Houck, P Gerberding, JL TI Assessing the status of infection control programs in small rural hospitals in the western United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; ANTIMICROBIAL USE; SURVEILLANCE; PREVALENCE; REQUIREMENTS; PROJECT AB Background: Organized infection control (IC) interventions have been successful in reducing the acquisition of hospital-associated infections. Rural community hospitals, although contributing significantly to the US health care system, have rarely been assessed regarding the nature and quality of their IC programs. Methods: A sample of 77 small rural hospitals in Idaho, Nevada, Utah, and eastern Washington completed a written survey in 2000 regarding IC staffing, infrastructure support, surveillance of nosocomial infections, and IC policies and practices. Results: Almost all hospitals (65 of 67, 97%) had one infection control practitioner (ICP), and 29 of 61 hospitals (47.5%) reported a designated physician with IC oversight. Most ICPs (62 of 64, 96.9%) were also employed for other activities outside of IC. The median number of ICP hours per week for IC activities was 10 (1-40), equating to a median of 1.56 (0.30-21.9) full-time ICPs per 250 hospital beds. Most hospitals performed total house surveillance for nosocomial infections (66 of 73, 90.4%) utilizing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definitions (69 of 74, 93.2%). Most also monitored employee bloodborne exposures (69 of 73, 94.5%). All hospitals had a written bloodborne pathogen exposure plan and isolation policies. CDC guidelines were typically followed when developing IC policies. Access to medical literature and online resources appeared to be limited for many ICPs. Conclusions: Most rural hospitals surveyed have expended reasonable resources to develop IC programs that are patterned after those seen in larger hospitals and conform to recommendations of consensus expert panels. Given these hospitals' small patient census, short length of stay and low infection rates, further studies are needed to evaluate necessary components of effective IC programs in these settings that efficiently utilize limited resources without compromising patient care. C1 Qualis Hlth, Boise, ID 83712 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Ctr Medicare & Medicaid Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Stevenson, KB (reprint author), Qualis Hlth, 720 Pk Blvd,Suite 120, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM kurts@qualishealth.org NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD AUG PY 2004 VL 32 IS 5 BP 255 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2003.10.016 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 845AI UT WOS:000223207600001 PM 15292888 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Hamilton, B Martin, J Trumble, A AF Zhang, Jun Hamilton, Brady Martin, Joyce Trumble, Ann TI Delayed interval delivery and infant survival: A population-based study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE delayed interval delivery; infant; multiple gestation; survival; twin AB Objective: Delaying delivery of the remaining fetus(es) in a multifetal pregnancy is feasible in some cases. However, the impact of this procedure on infant survival is unclear. Study design: We used the US 1995-1998 Matched Multiple Birth File. We identified 200 twin pregnancies in which the first twin was delivered between 17 and 29 weeks of gestation and the second twin was delivered 2 or more days later. We individually matched the delayed deliveries with 374 twin pregnancies in which the second twin was delivered on the same or next calendar day. Perinatal outcomes and infant survival were compared between the delayed and nondelayed twins. Results: Among the 200 pregnancies with delayed delivery, the mean gestational age at first delivery was 23 weeks and the median duration of delay was 6 days (ranging from 2-107 days). One week of delay in delivery was associated with an increase in infant birth weight of 131 g on average (95% CI: 115-147 g). Moreover, 56% of the delayed second twins survived to 1 year of age, whereas only 24% of the nondelayed second twins survived to 1 year of age (P < .001). However, 11% of the second twin in delayed delivery (95% CI: 6%-16%) experienced fetal death before 24 weeks. Conclusion: Delayed delivery of the remaining fetus(es) before 30 weeks of gestation for 2 or more days was associated with improved infant survival. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Jun; Trumble, Ann] NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hamilton, Brady; Martin, Joyce] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 8 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 191 IS 2 BP 470 EP 476 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.03.002 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA V58VL UT WOS:000203976500013 PM 15343223 ER PT J AU Black, SB Shinefield, HR France, EK Fireman, BH Platt, ST Shay, D AF Black, SB Shinefield, HR France, EK Fireman, BH Platt, ST Shay, D TI Effectiveness of influenza vaccine during pregnancy in preventing hospitalizations and outpatient visits for respiratory illness in pregnant women and their infants SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY; IMMUNIZATION; PROTECTION; MOTHER; VIRUS AB The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends influenza vaccination for women who will be in the second or third trimester of pregnancy during the influenza season. We analyzed hospital admissions with principal diagnoses of influenza or pneumonia and influenza-like illness (ILI) outpatient visits to study the effectiveness of influenza vaccine during pregnancy in protecting women and infants from influenza-related morbidity. Estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness across five flu seasons (Fall 1997 to Spring 2002) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models for women and infant study populations in Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Outpatient utilization outcomes included physician visits with a diagnosis of upper respiratory infection, pharyngitis, otits media, asthma, bronchial asthma, viral infection, pneumonia, fever, cough, or wheezing associated with respiratory illness. Inpatient outcomes included hospitalizations with principal diagnoses of influenza or pneumonia. Women who received influenza vaccine during pregnancy had the same risk for ILI visits compared with unvaccinated women, adjusting for women's age and week of delivery. When asthma visits were excluded from the outcome measure, we also found no difference in the risk of outpatient visits for vaccinated and unvaccinated women. Hospital admissions for influenza or pneumonia for women in the study population were quite rare and no women died of respiratory illness during pregnancy. Infants born to women who received influenza vaccination had the same risks for influenza or pneumonia admissions compared with infants born to unvaccinated women, adjusting for infant's gender, gestational age, week of birth, and birth facility. Maternal influenza vaccination was also not a significant determinant of risk of ILI (excluding otitis media) outpatient visits for infants, nor did it significantly affect the risk of otitis media visits. Influenza vaccination during pregnancy did not significantly affect the risk of cesarean section, adjusting for the woman's age. It also did not affect the risk of preterm delivery. Although the immunogenicity of influenza vaccination in pregnancy in mother and infant has been well documented, in this study, we were unable to demonstrate the effectiveness of influenza vaccination with data for hospital admissions and physician visits. One possible interpretation of these findings is that typical influenza surveillance measures based on utilization data are not reliable in distinguishing influenza from other respiratory illness. Hospitalizations for respiratory illness were uncommon in both vaccinees and nonvaccinees. C1 Kaiser Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Black, SB (reprint author), Kaiser Vaccine Study Ctr, 1 Kaiser Plaza,16th Floor, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 9 TC 109 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 9 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0735-1631 J9 AM J PERINAT JI Am. J. Perinatol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 21 IS 6 BP 333 EP 339 DI 10.1055/s-2004-831888 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 848UN UT WOS:000223493600006 PM 15311370 ER PT J AU Frank, LD Andresen, MA Schmid, TL AF Frank, LD Andresen, MA Schmid, TL TI Obesity relationships with community design, physical activity, and time spent in cars SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; LAND-USE; RESEARCH AGENDA; TRANSPORTATION; ENVIRONMENT; PREVALENCE; WALKING AB Background: Obesity is a major health problem in the United States and around the world. To date, relationships between obesity and aspects of the built environment have not been evaluated empirically at the individual level. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the built environment around each participant's place of residence and self-reported travel patterns (walking and time in a car), body mass index (BMI), and obesity for specific gender and ethnicity classifications. Methods: Body Mass Index, minutes spent in a car, kilometers walked, age, income, educational attainment, and gender were derived through a travel survey of 10,878 participants in the Atlanta, Georgia region. Objective measures of land use mix, net residential density, and street connectivity were developed within a 1-kilometer network distance of each participant's place of residence. A cross-sectional design was used to associate urban form measures with obesity, BMI, and transportation-related activity when adjusting for socio-demographic covariates. Discrete analyses were conducted across gender and ethnicity. The data were collected between 2000 and 2002 and analysis was conducted in 2004. Results: Land-use mix had the strongest association with obesity (BMIgreater than or equal to30 kg/m(2)), with each quartile increase being associated with a 12.2% reduction in the likelihood of obesity across gender and ethnicity. Each additional hour spent in a car per day was associated with a 6% increase in the likelihood of obesity. Conversely, each additional kilometer walked per day was associated with a 4.8% reduction in the likelihood of obesity. As a continuous measure, BMI was significantly associated with urban form for white cohorts. Relationships among urban form, walk distance, and time in a car were stronger among white than black cohorts. Conclusions: Measures of the built environment and travel patterns are important predictors of obesity across gender and ethnicity, yet relationships among the built environment, travel patterns, and weight may vary across gender and ethnicity. Strategies to increase land-use mix and distance walked while reducing time in a car can be effective as health interventions. (C) 2004 American journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Univ British Columbia, Sch Community & Reg Planning, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Inst Canadian Urban Res Studies, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Frank, LD (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Sch Community & Reg Planning, 1933 W Mall,Room 235, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. EM ldfrank@interchangc.ubc.ca RI Freeman, Lance/B-8774-2009 NR 33 TC 719 Z9 732 U1 11 U2 134 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 27 IS 2 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.04.011 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 840XJ UT WOS:000222893100001 PM 15261894 ER PT J AU Lobato, MN Roberts, CA Bazerman, LB Hammett, TM AF Lobato, MN Roberts, CA Bazerman, LB Hammett, TM TI Public health and correctional collaboration in tuberculosis control SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PREVENTIVE THERAPY; JAIL; INMATES AB Objective: To assess the extent that 20 large jail systems and their respective public health departments collaborate to prevent and control tuberculosis (TB). Methods: Data were collected through questionnaires sent to jail medical directors and TB control directors, interviews, and on-site observation in each of the jails. Results: Only 35% of jail systems and health departments reported having effective collaboration in TB prevention and control activities. Four barriers were reported by a majority of the jail systems: funding (65%), staffing (60%), staff training (55%), and communication (55%). Lack of advance notice of a patient's release was rated as the greatest barrier to discharge planning. Fifty percent of the jail systems reported that them 7 scheduled appointments for soon-to-be released patients with TB, and 10% did so for patients being treated for latent TB infection (LTBI). Fewer patients actually received appointments: seven (39%) of 33 released patients with TB had documentation in their medical record of appointments, and one of 46 released patients on treatment for LTBI had them. Characteristics associated with increased collaboration include having designated liaisons between jail systems and health departments and holding periodic meetings of staff. Conclusions: Health departments and jail systems in the same jurisdiction have implemented recommendations regarding collaboration to a limited extent. Such collaborations need strengthening, especially discharge planning and evaluation of TB control activities. (C) 2004 American journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lobato, MN (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MLobato@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 27 IS 2 BP 112 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.ampere.2004.04.008 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 840XJ UT WOS:000222893100004 PM 15261897 ER PT J AU Stanwyck, CA Kolasa, MS Shaw, KM AF Stanwyck, CA Kolasa, MS Shaw, KM TI Immunization requirements for childcare programs - Are they enough? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Background: School immunization legislation has resulted in high vaccination coverage rates and low rates of vaccine-preventable disease among school children. Similar legislation has been directed toward children in licensed and regulated childcare programs. The purpose of this investigation was to compare immunization coverage among children in and not in childcare. Methods: For 18 months during 2001 and 2002, the National Immunization Survey (NIS), a random-digit-dialing telephone survey, collected information on children aged 19 through 35 months, including data on enrollment in childcare. Data were analyzed retrospectively to determine coverage at 24 months and at the time of the survey. Children were considered up-to-date if they had received all recommended immunizations for their age. Results: Of the eligible NIS respondents, about 41% had a child in childcare at the time of or before the survey. Retrospective analysis of children at 24 months showed no significant differences in coverage between those in and not in childcare (73.1% vs 71.9%). Likewise, analysis of coverage at the time of the survey revealed no significant differences (76.4% vs 72.6%). Conclusions: Immunization legislation and regulations have been successful in increasing coverage rates in the school population. Similar legislation for childcare facilities appears not to have been as effective. Given these findings, it seems that new strategies are needed to increase coverage in preschool children. (C) 2004 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stanwyck, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cstanwyck@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 27 IS 2 BP 161 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.ampere.2004.04.006 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 840XJ UT WOS:000222893100011 PM 15261904 ER PT J AU Windle, M Grunbaum, JA Elliott, M Tortolero, SR Berry, S Gilliland, J Kanouse, DE Parcel, GS Wallander, J Kelder, S Collins, J Kolbe, L Schuster, M AF Windle, M Grunbaum, JA Elliott, M Tortolero, SR Berry, S Gilliland, J Kanouse, DE Parcel, GS Wallander, J Kelder, S Collins, J Kolbe, L Schuster, M TI Healthy passages - A multilevel, multimethod longitudinal study of adolescent health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID DIFFICULTIES QUESTIONNAIRE; CHILDREN; NEIGHBORHOODS; STRENGTHS; BEHAVIOR; QUALITY; VERSION; SCALE AB Purpose: To provide an overview of a multisite, long-term study that focuses on risk and protective factors, health behaviors (e.g., dietary practices, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and violent activity), and health outcomes (e.g., diabetes, obesity, and sexually transmitted diseases) for a fifth-grade cohort to be followed biennially from ages 10 to 20 years. Methods: A two-stage probability sampling procedure was used to select 5250 fifth-grade students from schools in Birmingham AL, Houston TX, and Los Angeles CA to ensure a sufficient sample size of African Americans, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic whites, to support precise statistical inferences. Computer-assisted technology was used to collect data from children and their primary caregivers. Teachers and other school personnel responded to questionnaires, and observational procedures were used to obtain information about schools and neighborhoods. Results: To exploit the multilevel, multimethod structure of the data, statistical models include latent-growth mixture modeling, multilevel modeling, time-series analysis, survival analysis, latent transition analysis, and structural equation modeling. Analyses focus both on the co-occurrence and predictors of growth trajectories for different health behaviors across time. Conclusions: By using a prospective research design and studying the predictors and time course of multiple health behaviors with a multilevel, multimethod assessment protocol, this research project Could provide an empirical basis for effective social and educational policies and intervention programs that foster positive health and well-being during both adolescence and adulthood. (C) 2004 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Adv Youth Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Texas Prevent Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Sociometr Corp, Los Altos, CA USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Appl Hlth Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Windle, M (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Adv Youth Hlth, 912 Bldg,1530 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM windle@uab.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [CCU409679, CCU609653, CCU915773] NR 41 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 27 IS 2 BP 164 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.ampere.2004.04.007 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 840XJ UT WOS:000222893100012 PM 15261905 ER PT J AU Ter Kuile, FO Parise, ME Verhoeff, FH Udhayakumar, V Newman, RD Van Eijk, AM Rogerson, SJ Steketee, RW AF Ter Kuile, FO Parise, ME Verhoeff, FH Udhayakumar, V Newman, RD Van Eijk, AM Rogerson, SJ Steketee, RW TI The burden of co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and malaria in pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Review ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS; INTERMITTENT SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII-PNEUMONIA; PERINATAL HIV TRANSMISSION; MACROPHAGE-TROPIC HIV-1; PLACENTAL MALARIA; RURAL MALAWI; RISK-FACTORS AB In sub-Saharan Africa, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and malaria are among the leading causes of morbidity during pregnancy. We reviewed available information collected since the first report 15 years ago that HIV impaired the ability of pregnant women to control malaria parasitemia. Results from 11 studies showed that HIV-infected women experienced consistently more peripheral and placental malaria (summary relative risk = 1.58 and 1.66, respectively), higher parasite densities, and more febrile illnesses, severe anemia, and adverse birth outcomes than HIV-uninfected women, particularly in multigravidae. Thus, HIV alters the typical gravidity-specific pattern of malaria risk by shifting the burden from primarily primigravidae and secundigravidae to all pregnant women. The proportional increase of malaria during pregnancy attributable to HIV was estimated to be 5.5% and 18.8% for populations with HIV prevalences of 10% and 40%, respectively. Maternal malaria was associated with a two-fold higher HIV-1 viral concentrations. Three studies investigating whether placental malaria increased mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission showed conflicting results, possibly reflecting a complex balance between placental malarial immune responses and stimulation of HIV-1 viral replication. Further investigations of interactions between antiretroviral drugs, prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole, and antimalarial drugs in pregnant women are urgently needed. Although much has been learned in the past 15 years about the interaction between malaria and HIV-1 during pregnancy, many issues still require further information to improve our understanding. There is a clear need to strengthen the deployment of existing malaria and HIV prevention and intervention measures for pregnant women. C1 Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Child & Reprod Hlth Grp, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Vector Biol & Control Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hosp, Dept Med, Parkville, Vic 3050, Australia. RP Ter Kuile, FO (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Child & Reprod Hlth Grp, Pembroke Pl, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. EM terkuile@liv.ac.uk OI Rogerson, Stephen/0000-0003-4287-1982 NR 151 TC 183 Z9 187 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 71 IS 2 SU S BP 41 EP 54 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 850LM UT WOS:000223612900008 PM 15331818 ER PT J AU Kazadi, W Sexton, JD Bigonsa, M W'Okanga, B Way, M AF Kazadi, W Sexton, JD Bigonsa, M W'Okanga, B Way, M TI Malaria in primary school children and infants in Kinshasa, democratic republic of the Congo: Surveys from the 1980s and 2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; CENTRAL-AFRICA; URBANIZATION; BRAZZAVILLE; CHLOROQUINE; EXAMPLE; ZAIRE AB Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, has been a perennial malarious area and has grown almost 14 times from 380,000 people in 1960 to 5,293,000 in 2003. The most complete information on malaria prevalence in Kinshasa was first acquired in 1981-1983. Blood smears were obtained from 25,135 children (ages 5-15 years) from 245 schools in 16 of 24 zones. The mean Plasmodium falciparum parasite rate was 17%; the parasite rate was similar for both sexes and was higher (P < 0.001) in older students. The parasite rate varied from 4% (urban zone) to 46% (peri-urban zone). An infant survey confirmed malaria transmission. During the Roll Back Malaria situational analysis in 2000, malaria prevalence was reassessed by the National Malaria Control Program and its partners in schools from selected health zones. A mean parasite rate of 34% was found among school children 5-9 years old. The parasite rate varied from 14% (central urban zone) to 65% (peri urban zone). Plasmodium falciparum was not the only species found, but accounted for more than 97% of the infections. Malaria incidence may have increased in Kinshasa during the last two decades due to difficulties in provision of control and prevention measures. Along with deployment of insecticide-treated bed nets and improved patient management, currently ongoing, other measures that could impact the disease are being considered, including vector control, water management, and proper urban planning. C1 Programme Natl Lutte Paludisme, Minist Sante, Kinshasa, Congo. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kazadi, W (reprint author), Programme Natl Lutte Paludisme, Minist Sante, 28 Ave Justice, Kinshasa, Congo. EM walt_kazadi@yahoo.fr; jsextonl@earthlink.net NR 17 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 71 IS 2 SU S BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 850LM UT WOS:000223612900015 PM 15331825 ER PT J AU Jones, COH Williams, HA AF Jones, COH Williams, HA TI The social burden of malaria: What are we measuring? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TREATMENT-SEEKING BEHAVIOR; GLOBAL FUND; BAGAMOYO DISTRICT; HEALTH; TANZANIA; KENYA; TUBERCULOSIS; KNOWLEDGE; SERVICES; ILLNESS AB Definitions of the burden of malaria vary by public health discipline. Epidemiologists and economists commonly use a quantitative approach to measure risk factors and associate them with disease outcomes. In contrast, since burden is itself a cultural construct, an anthropologic perspective of the burden of disease considers the sociocultural context in which these risk factors exist. This broader concept of burden is rarely tackled, most likely stemming from a lack of understanding of what is meant by the term social burden. This report describes the concept from an anthropologic perspective. The aim is to provide a better understanding of the process through which social and cultural factors affect the biomedical burden of malaria. The consequences of adopting this perspective for public health in general and malaria interventions in particular are discussed. C1 Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, Dis Control & Vector Biol Unit, London WC1E 7HT, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Jones, COH (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, Dis Control & Vector Biol Unit, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM caroline.jones@lshtm.ac.uk; hbw2@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 71 IS 2 SU S BP 156 EP 161 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 850LM UT WOS:000223612900022 PM 15331832 ER PT J AU Barat, LM Palmer, N Basu, S Worrall, E Hanson, K Mills, A AF Barat, LM Palmer, N Basu, S Worrall, E Hanson, K Mills, A TI Do malaria control interventions reach the poor? A view through the equity lens SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TANZANIA; CHILDREN; IMPACT; HEALTH AB Malaria, more than any other disease of major public health importance in developing countries, disproportionately affects poor people, with 58% of malaria cases occurring in the poorest 20% of the world's population. If malaria control interventions are to achieve their desired impact, they must reach the poorest segments of the populations of developing countries. Unfortunately, a growing body of evidence from benefit-incidence analyses has demonstrated that many public health interventions that were designed to aid the poor are not reaching their intended target. For example, the poorest 20% of people in selected developing countries were as much as 2.5 times less likely to receive basic public health services as the least-poor 20%. In the field of malaria control, a small number of studies have begun to shed light on differences by wealth status of malaria burden and of access to treatment and prevention services. These early studies found no clear difference in fever incidence based on wealth status, but did show significant disparities in both the consequences of malaria and in the use of malaria prevention and treatment services. Further study is needed to elucidate the underlying factors that contribute to these disparities, and to examine possible inequities related to gender, social class, or other factors. To achieve impact and overcome such inequities, malaria control efforts must begin to incorporate approaches relevant to equity in program design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. C1 World Bank, Human Dev Africa Reg, Washington, DC 20433 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Hlth Econ & Financing Programme, London WC1, England. WHO, Roll Back Malaria Secretariat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Barat, LM (reprint author), Acad Educ Dev, 1825 Connecticut Ave, Washington, DC 20009 USA. OI Mills, Anne/0000-0001-9863-9950 NR 9 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 71 IS 2 SU S BP 174 EP 178 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 850LM UT WOS:000223612900025 PM 15331835 ER PT J AU Monasch, R Reinisch, A Steketee, RW Korenromp, EL Alnwick, D Bergevin, Y AF Monasch, R Reinisch, A Steketee, RW Korenromp, EL Alnwick, D Bergevin, Y TI Child coverage with mosquito nets and malaria treatment from population-based surveys in African countries: A baseline for monitoring progress in roll back malaria SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INSECTICIDE-TREATED BEDNETS; IMPREGNATED BEDNETS; BED-NETS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HOME TREATMENT; WESTERN KENYA; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; FEVER; DISTRICT AB We assessed the proportion of febrile children less than five years old with prompt effective antimalarial treatment and the proportion of those less than five years old sleeping under insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) or any mosquito net the preceding night in African malarious countries. Data were reviewed from 23 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and 13 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 1998 and 2002. A median of 53% of febrile children received antimalarial treatment. A median of 84% of these treatments, however, involved chloroquine, and the proportion of treatments given within two days of onset of symptoms was unknown in most surveys. Median coverages of those less than five years old with any net and ITNs were 15% and 2%, respectively. Use of nets, and especially ITNs, was consistently lower in rural than in urban areas. At the outset of intensified malaria control under Roll Back Malaria, coverage with principal interventions was far below the target of 60% set for Africa in 2005. C1 UN, Childrens Fund, Div Policy & Planning, New York, NY 10017 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Malaria Control Dept, Roll Back Malaria, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Monasch, R (reprint author), UN, Childrens Fund, Div Policy & Planning, 3 UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017 USA. EM korenrompe@who.int NR 34 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 71 IS 2 SU S BP 232 EP 238 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 850LM UT WOS:000223612900032 PM 15331842 ER PT J AU Sjodin, A McGahee, EE Focant, J Jones, RS Lapeza, CR Zhang, YL Patterson, DG AF Sjodin, A McGahee, EE Focant, J Jones, RS Lapeza, CR Zhang, YL Patterson, DG TI Semiautomated high-throughput extraction and cleanup method for the measurement of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyls in breast milk SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; EXPOSURE; PBDES AB A semiautomated extraction and cleanup method has been developed to measure eight polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153), and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153). The method employs solid-phase dispersion on diatomaceous earth in a solid-phase extraction cartridge followed by automated addition of internal standards (C-13-labeled). Extraction is then performed using an automated modular solid-phase extraction system. The extraction procedure includes drying the sample on diatomaceous earth by pressurized nitrogen and eluting target analytes and lipids with dichloromethane. Lipid content is determined gravimetrically. Lipid determinations performed using this method are compared with other standard methods and with a certified reference material. A relative standard deviation of 7.9% was obtained for 130 determinations of the lipid content in a breast milk quality control sample. Final analytical determination of target analytes was performed by gas chromatography-isotope dilution high-resolution mass spectrometry. Relative standard deviations for the measurements of target analytes for which a labeled internal standard was available were below 10% for analytes at concentrations above 1 ng/g of lipid. Mean recoveries of the 13C-labeled internal standards ranged from 60 to 89% for the eight PBDE congeners; 74 and 113% were recovered for BB-153 and CB-153, respectively. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, DLS, OAT, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sjodin, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, DLS, OAT, 4770 Buford Hwy NE Mail Stop F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM asjodin@cdc.gov RI Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 21 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 15 BP 4508 EP 4514 DI 10.1021/ac0495384 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 842NC UT WOS:000223010100051 PM 15283595 ER PT J AU Markovitz, JH Matthews, KA Whooley, M Lewis, CE Greenlund, KJ AF Markovitz, JH Matthews, KA Whooley, M Lewis, CE Greenlund, KJ TI Increases in job strain are associated with incident hypertension in the CARDIA study SO ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AMBULATORY BLOOD-PRESSURE; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; YOUNG-ADULTS; FOLLOW-UP; DEPRESSION; UNEMPLOYMENT; SYMPTOMS; HEALTH; WOMEN AB Background: Job strain, defined as high job demands and low decision latitude, has been associated with increased blood pressure levels in some studies, but most of these studies have been cross-sectional. Purpose: We sought to determine whether changes in job strain during young adulthood were associated with the development of hypertension, using the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults cohort. Methods: A total of 3,200 employed, initially normotensive participants, aged 20 to 32 in 1987-1988, were followed for 8 years; the Job Content Questionnaire was completed twice: initially and 8 years later. Hypertension at follow-up was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 160 or higher and diastolic blood pressure of 95 mmHg or higher or reporting being on antihypertensive medication. Results: Job strain (based on job demands above the median and decision latitude below the median of the sample) was associated with hypertension incidence (ps <.05) for the entire cohort and among White women and men. Adjustment for baseline SBP education, body mass index (BMI), change in BMI, and age did not alter these relations. The ratio of increasing demands relative to decreasing decision latitude was also associated with greater incidence of hypertension in the entire cohort in the multivariate model (odds ratio = 2.06, 95% confidence interval = 1.01-4.26). Conclusions: An increase in job strain is associated with incident hypertension, particularly among Whites. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Alabama, Div Prevent Med, Birmingham, AL 35487 USA. San Francisco Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Div Gen Internal Med, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Alabama, Div Prevent Med, Birmingham, AL 35487 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Matthews, KA (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Psychiat, 3811 O Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM matthewska@upmc.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-48050, N01-HC-48048, N01-HC-95100, N01-HC-48047, N01-HC-48049] NR 35 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 12 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0883-6612 J9 ANN BEHAV MED JI Ann. Behav. Med. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 28 IS 1 BP 4 EP 9 DI 10.1207/s15324796abm2801_2 PG 6 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 840DF UT WOS:000222836500002 PM 15249254 ER PT J AU Saydah, SH Geiss, LS Tierney, E Benjamin, SM Engelgau, M Brancati, F AF Saydah, SH Geiss, LS Tierney, E Benjamin, SM Engelgau, M Brancati, F TI Review of the performance of methods to identify diabetes cases among vital statistics, administrative, and survey data SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE diabetes; surveillance; sensitivity; specificity; positive predictive value; validity; administrative data; survey ID PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE; CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; DEATH CERTIFICATES; QUESTIONNAIRE INFORMATION; CHRONIC DISEASES; MEDICAL-RECORDS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PREDICTIVE-VALUE; HEART-DISEASE AB PURPOSE: The ability to identify prevalent cases of diagnosed diabetes is crucial to monitoring preventative care practices and health outcomes among persons with diagnosed diabetes. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive literature review to assess and summarize the validity of various strategies for identifying individuals with diagnosed diabetes and to examine the factors influencing the validity of these strategies. RESULTS: We found that studies using either administrative data or survey data were both adequately sensitive (i.e., identified the majority of cases of diagnosed diabetes) and highly specific (i.e., did not identify the individuals as having diabetes if they did not). In contrast, studies based on cause-of-death data from death certificates were not sensitive, failing to identify about 60% of decedents with diabetes and in most of these studies, researchers did not report specificity or positive predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: Surveillance is critical for tracking trends in diabetes and targeting diabetes prevention efforts. Several approaches can provide valuable data, although each has limitations. By understanding the limitations of the data, investigators will be able to estimate diabetes prevalence and improve surveillance of diabetes in the population. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Diabet Translat, Hyattsville, MD 20872 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Saydah, SH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Diabet Translat, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20872 USA. EM ssaydah@cdc.gov NR 68 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 14 IS 7 BP 507 EP 516 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2003.09.016 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 847PR UT WOS:000223407900010 PM 15301787 ER PT J AU Giles, WP Benson, AK Olson, ME Hutkins, RW Whichard, JM Winokur, PL Fey, PD AF Giles, WP Benson, AK Olson, ME Hutkins, RW Whichard, JM Winokur, PL Fey, PD TI DNA sequence analysis of regions surrounding bla(CMY-2) from multiple Salmonella plasmid backbones SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID AMPC BETA-LACTAMASE; EXPANDED-SPECTRUM CEPHALOSPORINS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; RESISTANT SALMONELLA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UNITED-STATES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CITROBACTER-FREUNDII; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; ENTERICA AB The emergence in the United States of resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporin (e.g., ceftriaxone) within the salmonellae has been associated primarily with three large (>100-kb) plasmids (designated types A, B, and C) and one 10.1-kb plasmid (type D) that carry the bla(CMY-2) gene. In the present study, the distribution of these four known bla(CMY-2)-carrying plasmids among 35 ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella isolates obtained from 1998 to 2001 was examined. Twenty-three of these isolates were Salmonella enterica serotype Newport, 10 were Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, I was Salmonella enterica serotype Agona, and 1 was Salmonella enterica serotype Reading. All 23 serotype Newport isolates carried a type C plasmid, and 5, 4, and 1 serovar Typhimurium isolate carried type B, A, and C plasmids, respectively. Both the serotype Agona and serotype Reading isolates carried type A plasmids. None of the isolates carried a type D plasmid. Hybridization data suggested that plasmid types A and C were highly related replicons. DNA sequencing revealed that the region surrounding bla(CMY-2) was highly conserved in all three plasmid types analyzed (types B, C, and D) and was related to a region surrounding bla(CMY-2) from the Klebsiella oxytoca plasmid pTKH11. These findings are consistent with a model in which bla(CMY-2) has been disseminated primarily through plasmid transfer, and not by mobilization of the gene itself, to multiple Salmonella chromosomal backbones. C1 Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Lincoln, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Fey, PD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, 985400 Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM pfey@unmc.edu NR 39 TC 75 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 48 IS 8 BP 2845 EP 2852 DI 10.1128/AAC.48.8.2845-2852.2004 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 842IV UT WOS:000222998300009 PM 15273090 ER PT J AU Schrag, SJ McGee, L Whitney, CG Beall, B Craig, MS Choate, ME Jorgensen, JH Facklam, RR Klugman, KP AF Schrag, SJ McGee, L Whitney, CG Beall, B Craig, MS Choate, ME Jorgensen, JH Facklam, RR Klugman, KP CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Emergence of Streptococcus pneumoniae with very-high-level resistance to penicillin SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; CEPHALOSPORIN RESISTANCE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MULTIPLE CLONES; IDENTIFICATION AB Penicillin resistance threatens the treatment of pneumococcal infections. We used sentinel hospital surveillance (1978 to 2001) and population-based surveillance (1995 to 2001) in seven states in the Active Bacterial Core surveillance of the Emerging Infections Program Network to document the emergence in the United States of invasive pneumococcal isolates with very-high-level penicillin resistance (MIC greater than or equal to 8 mug/ml). Very-high-level penicillin resistance was first detected in 1995 in multiple pneumococcal serotypes in three regions of the United States. The prevalence increased from 0.56% (14 of 2,507) of isolates in 1995 to 0.87% in 2001 (P = 0.03), with peaks in 1996 and 2000 associated with epidemics in Georgia and Maryland. For a majority of the strains the MICs of amoxicillin (91%), cefuroxime (100%), and cefotaxime (68%), were greater than or equal to8 mug/ml and all were resistant to at least one other drug class. Pneumonia (50%) and bacteremia (36%) were the most common clinical presentations. Factors associated with very highly resistant infections included residence in Tennessee, age of <5 or greater than or equal to65 years, and resistance to at least three drug classes. Hospitalization and case fatality rates were not higher than those of other pneumococcal infection patients; length of hospital stay was longer, controlling for age. Among the strains from 2000 and 2001, 39% were related to Tennessee(23F)-4 and 35% were related to England(14-)9. After the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, the incidence of highly penicillin resistant infections decreased by 50% among children <5 years of age. The emergence, clonality, and association of very-high-level penicillin resistance with multiple drug resistance requires further monitoring and highlights the need for novel agents active against the pneumococcus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Schrag, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mailstop C-23,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zha6@edc.gov NR 31 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 48 IS 8 BP 3016 EP 3023 DI 10.1128/AAC.48.8.3016-3023.2004 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 842IV UT WOS:000222998300034 PM 15273115 ER PT J AU Bennett, DE Zaidi, I Smith, AJ McCormick, L AF Bennett, DE Zaidi, I Smith, AJ McCormick, L TI HIV drug resistance among foreign-born persons newly diagnosed with HIV in the US SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 08-12, 2004 CL Tenerife, SPAIN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 9 IS 4 BP U78 EP U79 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 960TH UT WOS:000231615600118 ER PT J AU Bennett, DE Byers, B McCormick, L Johnson, J Gleeson, T Simon, V Smith, AJ Archibald, C Jayaraman, G Sandstrom, P Heneine, W AF Bennett, DE Byers, B McCormick, L Johnson, J Gleeson, T Simon, V Smith, AJ Archibald, C Jayaraman, G Sandstrom, P Heneine, W TI A screening algorithm for surveillance of antiretroviral drug resistance among individuals newly diagnosed with HIV in the US SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 08-12, 2004 CL Tenerife, SPAIN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Aaron Diamond Res Ctr, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 9 IS 4 BP U73 EP U73 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 960TH UT WOS:000231615600109 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Li, JF Bennett, D Cong, M Spira, T Shafer, RW Gleeson, T Sandstrom, P Heneine, W AF Johnson, JA Li, JF Bennett, D Cong, M Spira, T Shafer, RW Gleeson, T Sandstrom, P Heneine, W TI Real-time PCR assays identify transmitted drug-resistant HIV-1 previously undetected by conventional nucleotide sequencing SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 08-12, 2004 CL Tenerife, SPAIN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Stanford Univ, Ctr Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 9 IS 4 BP U69 EP U69 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 960TH UT WOS:000231615600100 ER PT J AU Qari, SH Pieniazek, D Heneine, W AF Qari, SH Pieniazek, D Heneine, W TI Resistance-related polymorphisms in HIV-1 non-B subtype protease influence the resistance pathway and amplify resistance to protease inhibitors SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 08-12, 2004 CL Tenerife, SPAIN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 9 IS 4 BP U45 EP U45 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 960TH UT WOS:000231615600063 ER PT J AU Reid, P MacInnes, H Cong, M Heneine, W Garcia-Lerma, JG AF Reid, P MacInnes, H Cong, M Heneine, W Garcia-Lerma, JG TI Natural resistance of HIV-2 to zidovudine SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 08-12, 2004 CL Tenerife, SPAIN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 9 IS 4 BP U41 EP U41 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 960TH UT WOS:000231615600056 ER PT J AU Smith, AJ Wang, H Bennett, D Teshale, E Buskin, S Morse, A Wohl, A Swerdlow, D Sullivan, P Wolfe, M AF Smith, AJ Wang, H Bennett, D Teshale, E Buskin, S Morse, A Wohl, A Swerdlow, D Sullivan, P Wolfe, M TI Prevalence of mutations associated with antiretroviral drug resistance (ARVDR) in a cohort of treated individuals in four US cities SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 08-12, 2004 CL Tenerife, SPAIN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA USA. Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Program, New Orleans, LA USA. Cty Los Angeles Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 9 IS 4 BP U82 EP U82 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 960TH UT WOS:000231615600125 ER PT J AU van de Vijver, D Brenner, B Turner, D Sandstrom, P Dunn, D Green, H Bennett, D Heneine, W Shafer, R Leitner, T Costagliola, D Vandamme, AM Wainberg, M Boucher, C Schuurman, R AF van de Vijver, D Brenner, B Turner, D Sandstrom, P Dunn, D Green, H Bennett, D Heneine, W Shafer, R Leitner, T Costagliola, D Vandamme, AM Wainberg, M Boucher, C Schuurman, R TI Validation of molecular indicators of resistance transmission (MIRTs) for epidemiological studies of drug resistance transmission in HIV SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 08-12, 2004 CL Tenerife, SPAIN C1 Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Dept Virol, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. McGill Univ, AIDS Ctr, Jewish Gen Hosp, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. Hlth Canada, Ctr Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. MRC, Clin Trials Unit, London, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Stanford Univ, Div Infect Dis, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. CHU Pitie Salpetriere, INSERM, EMI 0214, Paris, France. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rega Inst Med Res, Louvain, Belgium. RI wensing, a.m.j./F-3005-2011; Vandamme, Anne Mieke/I-4127-2012; Salminen, Mika/D-8784-2013; Camacho, Ricardo/I-7629-2012 OI Vandamme, Anne Mieke/0000-0002-6594-2766; Salminen, Mika/0000-0003-3020-0866; Camacho, Ricardo/0000-0002-9129-3237 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 9 IS 4 BP U74 EP U74 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 960TH UT WOS:000231615600110 ER PT J AU Donlan, RM Piede, JA Heyes, CD Sanii, L Murga, R Edmonds, P El-Sayed, I El-Sayed, MA AF Donlan, RM Piede, JA Heyes, CD Sanii, L Murga, R Edmonds, P El-Sayed, I El-Sayed, MA TI Model system for growing and quantifying Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilms in situ and in real time SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; BINDING; ALGINATE; LECTIN AB Streptococcus pneumoniae forms biofilms, but little is known about its extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) or the kinetics of biofilm formation. A system was developed to enable the simultaneous measurement of cells and the EPS of biofilm-associated S. pneumoniae in situ over time. A biofilm reactor containing germanium coupons was interfaced to an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) germanium cell of a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) laser spectrometer. Biofilm-associated cells were recovered from the coupons and quantified by total and viable cell count methods. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy of biofilms formed on the germanium internal reflection element (IRE) of the ATR cell provided a continuous spectrum of biofilm protein and polysaccharide (a measure of the EPS). Staining of the biofilms on the IRE surface with specific fluorescent probes provided confirmatory evidence for the biofilm structure and the presence of biofilm polysaccharides. Biofilm protein and polysaccharides were detected within hours after inoculation and continued to increase for the next 141 h. The polysaccharide band increased at a substantially higher rate than did the protein band, demonstrating increasing coverage of the IRE surface with biofilm polysaccharides. The biofilm total cell counts on germanium coupons stabilized after 21 h, at approximately 10(5) cells per cm(2), while viable counts decreased as the biofilm aged. This system is unique in its ability to detect and quantify biofilm-associated cells and EPS of S. pneumoniae over time by using multiple, corroborative techniques. This approach could prove useful for the study of biofilm processes of this or other microorganisms of clinical or industrial relevance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DHQP, NCID, Biofilm Lab,ELB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Laser Dynam Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Donlan, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DHQP, NCID, Biofilm Lab,ELB, Mail Stop C-16,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rld8@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 70 IS 8 BP 4980 EP 4988 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.8.4980-4988.2004 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 846BQ UT WOS:000223290100072 PM 15294838 ER PT J AU Dorgan, JF Boakye, NA Fears, TR Schleicher, RL Helsel, W Anderson, C Robinson, J Guin, JD Lessin, S Ratnasinghe, LD Tangrea, JA AF Dorgan, JF Boakye, NA Fears, TR Schleicher, RL Helsel, W Anderson, C Robinson, J Guin, JD Lessin, S Ratnasinghe, LD Tangrea, JA TI Serum carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol and risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA; TRANS-BETA-CAROTENE; UNITED-STATES; VITAMIN-E; PREVENTION TRIAL; DNA PHOTODAMAGE; SUBSEQUENT RISK; CLINICAL-TRIAL; FOLLOW-UP; RETINOL AB Background: Carotenoids and tocopherols have been hypothesized to protect against cancer. Methods: We prospectively evaluated associations of several carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol with risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer using serum collected at baseline from 302 subjects in the Isotretinoin-Basal Cell Carcinoma Prevention Trial. All subjects had at least two BCCs in the 5 years prior to randomization. During 5 years of follow-up, 70 subjects did not develop a nonmelanoma skin cancer, 221 developed a BCC, and 85 developed a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate risk ratios. Models were stratified by clinical center and gender and adjusted for age, solar damage, skin type, number of prior BCCs and/or SCCs, treatment group, body mass index, and serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Results: Risk of developing a subsequent BCC was not related to serum levels of any of the carotenoids measured or to alpha-tocopherol. Serum levels of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene, and alpha-tocopherol also were not independently related to risk of a subsequent SCC. However, serum lutein, zeaxanthin, and beta-cryptoxanthin were positively related to SCC risk; risk ratios for subjects in the highest versus lowest tertiles of these micronutrients were 1.63 [95% confidence interval (95% Cl) 0.88-3.01; P for trend = 0.011, 2.40 (95% Cl 1.30-4.42; P for trend = 0.01), and 2.15 (95% Cl 1.21-3.83; P for trend = 0.09), respectively. Conclusion: Additional research is needed on the relationship of carotenoids to SCC risk in the general population and in subsets of the population who are at increased risk. C1 Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. Temple Univ, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Canc Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. Informat Management Serv Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. Loyola Univ, Cardinal Bernardin Canc Ctr, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Dorgan, JF (reprint author), Fox Chase Canc Ctr, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. EM jf_dorgan@fccc.edu NR 47 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 13 IS 8 BP 1276 EP 1282 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 844JY UT WOS:000223155500003 PM 15298946 ER PT J AU Shulman, ST Tanz, RR Kabat, W Kabat, K Cederlund, E Patel, D Li, ZY Sakota, V Dale, JB Beall, B AF Shulman, ST Tanz, RR Kabat, W Kabat, K Cederlund, E Patel, D Li, ZY Sakota, V Dale, JB Beall, B CA US Streptococcal Pharyngitis Surve TI Group A streptococcal pharyngitis serotype surveillance in North America, 2000-2002 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 05, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Pediat Acad Soc ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; VACCINE; IMMUNOGENICITY; POPULATION; THROAT AB Geographic and interseasonal heterogeneity of pharyngeal group A streptococcal (GAS) genotypes (emm types) is poorly characterized. We evaluated emm type and subtype distribution among pediatric pharyngitis isolates obtained from 9 sites in the United States during 2000-2001 (year 1) and from 10 sites in the United States and 1 site in Canada during 2001-2002 (year 2). The 7 predominant types were the same in both years, although their order changed. emm 12, 1, and 28 accounted for 49.2% of year 1 isolates, and emm 1, 12, and 4 accounted for 47.1% of year 2 isolates; 6 types accounted for 72.1% in year 1 and 69.4% in year 2. From year 1 to year 2, the proportions of emm 12 and 28 decreased and emm 1 and 6 increased. Striking intersite and interseasonal variations in the distribution of predominant emm types were observed. We conclude that the most-predominant GAS genotypes were similar for each year despite fluctuations, that intersite and intrasite variations in the distribution of emm types were apparent, and that emm type surveillance is needed as M protein vaccine development proceeds. C1 Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Hosp, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Pediat,Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Hosp, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Pediat,Div Gen Acad Pediat, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Memphis, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. RP Shulman, ST (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Hosp, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Pediat,Div Infect Dis, 2300 Childrens Plaza,Box 20, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. EM sshulman@northwestern.edu NR 21 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 325 EP 332 DI 10.1086/421949 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 839VR UT WOS:000222813500006 PM 15306998 ER PT J AU Tokars, JI AF Tokars, JI TI Predictive value of blood cultures positive for coagulase-negative staphylococci: Implications for patient care and health care quality assurance SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL UTILITY; HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS; STREAM INFECTIONS; CATHETERS; DRAWN; CONTAMINATION; IDENTIFICATION; BACTEREMIA; ANTISEPSIS; CANCER AB Interpretation of blood cultures that are positive for coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) is often difficult. Predictive values for blood cultures positive for CoNS in patients with a central vascular line in place were calculated using the following rates: true bacteremia, 3%; blood culture contamination, 2%; detection of bacteremia, 80%; and catheter colonization, 2% (for blood samples obtained through a central vascular line). Positive predictive values were 55% for 1 positive culture result of 1 culture performed, 20% for 1 positive result of 2 performed, and only 5% for 1 positive result of 3 performed. For 2 positive culture results of 2 cultures performed, the positive predictive value was 98% if both samples were obtained through the vein, 96% if one sample was obtained through a catheter and the other was obtained by vein, and only 50% if both samples were obtained through a catheter. Use of this model with institution-specific values for input parameters would assist in clinical decision-making as well as hospital quality assurance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tokars, JI (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-55, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jit1@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 333 EP 341 DI 10.1086/421941 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 839VR UT WOS:000222813500007 PM 15306999 ER PT J AU Varma, JK Katsitadze, G Moiscrafishvili, M Zardiashvili, T Chokheli, M Tarkhashvili, N Jhorjholiani, E Chubinidze, M Kukhalashvili, T Khmaladze, I Chakvetadze, N Imnadze, P Hoekstra, M Sobel, J AF Varma, JK Katsitadze, G Moiscrafishvili, M Zardiashvili, T Chokheli, M Tarkhashvili, N Jhorjholiani, E Chubinidze, M Kukhalashvili, T Khmaladze, I Chakvetadze, N Imnadze, P Hoekstra, M Sobel, J TI Signs and symptoms predictive of death in patients with foodborne botulism - Republic of Georgia, 1980-2002 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; TOXIN AB Foodborne botulism is a severe, potentially fatal disease characterized by cranial nerve palsies and descending paralysis. Little is known about signs and symptoms predictive of death from botulism. We studied patients with botulism in the Republic of Georgia, which has the highest reported rate of foodborne botulism in the world. After abstracting medical records of patients with botulism who were hospitalized during 1980-2002, we performed classification-and-regression-tree analysis to identify clinical syndromes predictive of survival and death. We identified records for 706 patients hospitalized for foodborne botulism from 1980-2002. Trivalent antitoxin was administered to 623 patients (88%). Fifty-four (8%) died. Patients with shortness of breath and impaired gag reflex and without diarrhea were 23 times more likely to die than were patients without this syndrome. Validating this clinical prediction rule may help reduce mortality from botulism in Georgia. Validation in other settings could help public health preparations for large outbreaks of naturally occurring or bioterrorism-related botulism. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Bacterial & Mycol Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Dis Control, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. RP Varma, JK (reprint author), CDC HIV, Box 68,Amer Embassy, APO, AP 96546 USA. EM jvarma@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 357 EP 362 DI 10.1086/422318 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 839VR UT WOS:000222813500010 PM 15307002 ER PT J AU Hennessy, TW Rotz, LD AF Hennessy, TW Rotz, LD TI Foodborne botulism in the Republic of Georgia: Implications for preparedness planning SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID LARGE OUTBREAK; DIAGNOSIS; AGENTS; TREE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hennessy, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM tbh0@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 363 EP 365 DI 10.1086/422324 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 839VR UT WOS:000222813500011 PM 15307003 ER PT J AU Proia, LA Hayden, MK Kammeyer, PL Ortiz, J Sutton, DA Clark, T Schroers, HJ Summerbell, RC AF Proia, LA Hayden, MK Kammeyer, PL Ortiz, J Sutton, DA Clark, T Schroers, HJ Summerbell, RC TI Phialemonium: An emerging mold pathogen that caused 4 cases of hemodialysis-associated endovascular infection SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GERMAN-SHEPHERD DOG; OSTEOLYTIC PHEOHYPHOMYCOSIS; OBOVATUM; ENDOCARDITIS; ASPERGILLUS; ACREMONIUM AB Phialemonium species are emerging as fungal opportunistic pathogens of humans; infections caused by these fungi often have a fatal outcome. We report a series of 4 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis who developed intravascular infection with Phialemonium curvatum. All isolates were of a distinct morphological type but were shown by partial ribosomal sequencing to be closely related to reference isolates of P. curvatum. Two patients in our case series died; both developed overwhelming infection associated with fungemia and endocarditis. Recent literature corroborates our experience that Phialemonium infection presents unique diagnostic challenges and that optimal management, particularly with regard to antifungal therapy, is not known. C1 Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Infect Dis Sect, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. W Suburban Hosp, Oak Pk, IL USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Fungus Testing Lab, San Antonio, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, Fungal Biodivers Ctr, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Proia, LA (reprint author), Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Infect Dis Sect, 600 S Paulina,Ste 143 AAC, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM lproia@rush.edu NR 21 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 373 EP 379 DI 10.1086/422320 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 839VR UT WOS:000222813500013 PM 15307005 ER PT J AU Kohl, KS Marcy, SM Blum, M Jones, MC Dagan, R Hansen, J Nalin, D Rothstein, E AF Kohl, KS Marcy, SM Blum, M Jones, MC Dagan, R Hansen, J Nalin, D Rothstein, E CA Brighton Collaboration Fever Worki TI Fever after immunization: Current concepts and improved future scientific understanding SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SERIOUS BACTERIAL-INFECTIONS; FEBRILE CONVULSIONS; ADVERSE REACTIONS; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; CONTROLLED TRIAL; TETANUS TOXOIDS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; VACCINE; INFANTS; TEMPERATURE AB Fever is a common clinical complaint in adults and children with a variety of infectious illnesses, as well as a frequently reported adverse event following immunization. Although the level of measured temperature indicative of a "fever" was first defined in 1868, it remains unclear what role fever has as a physiologic reaction to invading substances, how best to measure body temperature and compare measurements from different body sites, and, consequently, how to interpret fever data derived from vaccine safety trials or immunization safety surveillance. However, even with many aspects of the societal, medical, economic, and epidemiologic meanings of fever as an adverse event following immunization (AEFI) still elusive, it is a generally benign-albeit common-clinical sign. By standardizing the definition and means of assessment of fever in vaccine safety studies, thereby permitting comparability of data, we hope to arrive at an improved understanding of its importance as an AEFI. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Vaccine Res, Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. Kaiser Permanente Hlth Care Program, Dept Pediat, Oakland, CA USA. Kaiser Permanente Hlth Care Program, Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Immunizat Branch, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Wyeth Res, Collegeville, PA USA. Merck, W Point, PA USA. Pennridge Pediat Associates, Sellersville, PA USA. Soroka Med Ctr, IL-84101 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Kohl, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kkohl@cdc.gov NR 59 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 389 EP 394 DI 10.1086/422454 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 839VR UT WOS:000222813500015 PM 15307007 ER PT J AU Daybell, D Paddock, CD Zaki, SR Comer, JA Woodruff, D Hansen, KJ Peacock, JE AF Daybell, D Paddock, CD Zaki, SR Comer, JA Woodruff, D Hansen, KJ Peacock, JE TI Disseminated infection with Bartonella henselae as a cause of spontaneous splenic rupture SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; PELIOSIS AB A 65-year-old man developed massive hemoperitoneum secondary to spontaneous splenic rupture. Histopathological analysis of the spleen demonstrated necrotizing granulomas. Results of serological tests indicated infection with a species of Bartonella, and immunohistochemical staining established Bartonella henselae as the cause of splenitis. To our knowledge, this represents the first reported case of spontaneous splenic rupture caused by infection with a species of Bartonella. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Sect Infect Dis, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Div Surg Sci, Dept Vasc Surg, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Peacock, JE (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Sect Infect Dis, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM jpeacock@wfubmc.edu NR 10 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP E21 EP E24 DI 10.1086/422001 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 839VR UT WOS:000222813500028 PM 15307019 ER PT J AU Fouad, MN Corbie-Smith, G Curb, D Howard, BV Mouton, C Simon, M Talavera, G Thompson, J Wang, CY White, C Young, R AF Fouad, MN Corbie-Smith, G Curb, D Howard, BV Mouton, C Simon, M Talavera, G Thompson, J Wang, CY White, C Young, R TI Special populations recruitment for the Women's Health Initiative: successes and limitations SO CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE recruitment; minority recruitment; randomization yield; mass mailing; community outreach ID CLINICAL-TRIALS; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; MEDICAL-RESEARCH; PARTICIPATION; EXPERIENCE; PREVENTION; MINORITIES; COMMUNITY; RETENTION; LEGACY AB The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) is a study designed to examine the major causes of death and disability in women. This multi-arm, randomized, controlled trial of over 160,000 post-menopausal women of varying ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds and a goal of 20% of the study participants from minority populations is perhaps one of the most challenging recruitment efforts ever undertaken. Of the two main study arms, the Clinical Trial (CT) and the Observational Study (OS), the CT arm recruitment goal was to randomize 64,500 postmenopausal women 50-79 years of age. Women enrolled in the study will be followed for a period of 8-12 years. Ten clinical centers. out of a total of 40 throughout the United States, were selected as minority recruitment centers on the basis of their history of interaction with and access to large numbers of women from certain population subgroups. WHI enrollment began in September 1993 and ended in December 1998, resulting in the randomization and enrollment of a total of 161,856 (17.5% minority) women participants (68,135 (18.5% minority) in the CT and 93,721 (16.7%) in the OS). Within the CT arm, WHI achieved 101.7% of the goal of 48,000 participants in the Dietary Modification (DM) component, and 99.4% of the goal of 27,500 in the hormone-replacement component (HRT), with 11.8% overlap between DM and HRT. Of those who expressed initial interest in WHI, African Americans had the highest randomization yields in the DM component and Hispanics had the highest in the HRT component(15.2% and 10.2%, respectively). Overall, mass mailing was the greatest source of randomized participants. In addition, minority clinics found community outreach, personal referrals, and culturally appropriate recruitment materials particularly effective recruitment tools. For minority recruitment, our findings suggest that the key to high yield is reaching the target population through appropriate recruitment strategies and study information that get their attention. Also, once minority subjects are reached, they tend to participate. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Alabama, Div Prevent Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Honolulu Clin Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. MedStar Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Harper Grace Hosp, Detroit, MI USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Wayne State Univ, Ctr Hlth, Detroit, MI USA. RP Fouad, MN (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Div Prevent Med, 1530 3rd Ave S,MT 618, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM mfouad@dopm.uab.edu FU WHI NIH HHS [N01-WH32105] NR 18 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-2456 J9 CONTROL CLIN TRIALS JI Controlled Clin. Trials PD AUG PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 335 EP 352 DI 10.1016/j.cct.2004.03.005 PG 18 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 853IF UT WOS:000223819800001 PM 15296809 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Balluz, LS Giles, WH Beckles, GL Moriarty, DG Ford, ES Mokdad, AH AF Brown, DW Balluz, LS Giles, WH Beckles, GL Moriarty, DG Ford, ES Mokdad, AH TI Diabetes mellitus and health-related quality of life among older adults Findings from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS) SO DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE diabetes mellitus; quality of life; cross-sectional ID METABOLIC-CONTROL; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; INSULIN THERAPY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; GENERAL-POPULATION; HEART-DISEASE; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; GLUCOSE AB The aim of the present study was to examine associations between the presence of diabetes mellitus and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among older adults. Using data from 37,054 adults aged 50 years or older who participated in the 2001 BRFSS, we examined the independent association between diabetes and four measures of HRQOL developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Multivariate logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). On average, older adults with diabetes reported nearly twice as many unhealthy days (physical or mental) as those without the condition (mean: 10.1 [S.E.: 0.32] versus 5.7 [0.43]) after age adjustment. The proportion of older adults reporting 14 or more unhealthy days (physical or mental) was significantly higher among those with diabetes (n = 4032; 11%) compared to those without the condition (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.23) after multivariate adjustment. Among older diabetic adults, the adjusted relative odds of having 14 or more unhealthy days (physical or mental) was 1.71 (95% Cl: 1.31, 2.22) times greater for those treated with insulin compared to those not treated with insulin. Diabetes is independently associated with lower levels of HRQOL among older adults. These results reinforce the importance of preventing diabetes and its complications through health education messages stressing a balanced diet and increased physical activity. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Behav Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Epidemiol & Stat Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Behav Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. EM dbrown6@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-8227 J9 DIABETES RES CLIN PR JI Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 65 IS 2 BP 105 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.diabres.2003.11.014 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 838EN UT WOS:000222696400005 PM 15223222 ER PT J AU Dabelea, D Morgan, T Pettitt, DJ Dolan, L Mayer-Davis, EJ Pihoker, C Hillier, TA Imperatore, G Ruggiero, A Hamman, RF AF Dabelea, D Morgan, T Pettitt, DJ Dolan, L Mayer-Davis, EJ Pihoker, C Hillier, TA Imperatore, G Ruggiero, A Hamman, RF TI Testing the accelerator hypothesis: the SEARCH for diabetes in youth study SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-Diabetes CY SEP 05-09, 2004 CL Munich, GERMANY SP European Assoc Study Diabetes C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Wake Forest Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. Sansum Med Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Kaiser Permanente Ctr Hlth Res NW, Honolulu, HI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PD AUG PY 2004 VL 47 SU 1 MA 48 BP A20 EP A21 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 855CW UT WOS:000223951600049 ER PT J AU Messmer, TO Sampson, JS Stinson, A Wong, B Carlone, GM Facklam, RR AF Messmer, TO Sampson, JS Stinson, A Wong, B Carlone, GM Facklam, RR TI Comparison of four polymerase chain reaction assays for specificity in the identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE S. pneumoniae; PCR ID MIDDLE-EAR FLUID; PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA; DNA-PROBE; PCR ASSAY; DIAGNOSIS; OPTOCHIN; CHILDREN; INFECTION; ANTIGEN; STRAINS AB We determined the usefulness of 4 conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, lytA, psaA, and two primer sets from the ply gene, for accuracy in the discrimination of nontypeable (NT) Streptococcus pneumoniae from closely related atypical streptococci. The study, used 100 strains. We compared the PCR results with laboratory tests that included optochin (ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride) sensitivity, bile solubility, the Quellung reaction, and AccuProbe (Gen-Probe Inc., San Diego, CA). These latter tests did not discriminate the atypical streptococci from the NT pneumococci. All PCR primer sets amplified the NT pneumococcal isolates in agreement with the other laboratory tests. However, the IA and IB ply primers were positive for 8 of the 16 atypical streptococcal isolates, and the IIA and IIB p v primers amplified all atypical isolates. The psaA primers had only one discrepant result, a positive among the atypical streptococci. The lytA primers were the most specific with 100% specificity for all strains tested. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Messmer, TO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM truessmer@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 49 IS 4 BP 249 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2004.04.013 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 851NG UT WOS:000223691200005 PM 15313529 ER PT J AU Ma, Q Kinneer, K Bi, YY Chan, JY Kan, YW AF Ma, Q Kinneer, K Bi, YY Chan, JY Kan, YW TI Induction of murine NAD(P)H : quinone oxidoreductase by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin requires the CNC basic leucine zipper transcription factor Nrf2. Cross-interaction between AhR and Nrf2 signal transduction SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th European ISSX Meeting CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 NIOSH, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Howard Hughes Med Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 SU 1 MA 292 BP 146 EP 146 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 856DF UT WOS:000224023200290 ER PT J AU Hui, XM Roberts, J Kan, YW Ma, Q AF Hui, XM Roberts, J Kan, YW Ma, Q TI Essential role of NRF2 in protection against ovarian follicle loss induced by 4-vinycyclohexene and 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide in mice SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th European ISSX Meeting CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 SU 1 MA 355 BP 177 EP 177 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 856DF UT WOS:000224023200353 ER PT J AU Freidig, AP Heijne, WH Stierum, RH Wortelboer, HM Schut, MW Salmon, FG Cnubben, NH El-Masri, HA Moffett, D Groten, JP AF Freidig, AP Heijne, WH Stierum, RH Wortelboer, HM Schut, MW Salmon, FG Cnubben, NH El-Masri, HA Moffett, D Groten, JP TI Comparison of empirical and mechanistic models to identify relevant toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic interactions between chemicals in a mixture SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th European ISSX Meeting CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 TNO Chem, NL-3600 AJ Zeist, Netherlands. ATSDR, Atlanta, GA USA. US EPA, NCEA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 SU 1 MA 590 BP 295 EP 295 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 856DF UT WOS:000224023200586 ER PT J AU Holmes, AE Niskar, AS Kieszak, SM Rubin, C Brody, DJ AF Holmes, AE Niskar, AS Kieszak, SM Rubin, C Brody, DJ TI Mean and median hearing thresholds among children 6 to 19 years of age: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988 to 1994, United States SO EAR AND HEARING LA English DT Article ID PREVALENCE AB Objective: The objective of this study was to provide the first national representative values for mean and median hearing thresholds among US children 6 to 19 yrs of age. Methods: Hearing thresholds were obtained from 6166 children in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988 to 1994), a national, population-based cross-sectional survey with household interview and audiometric testing at 0.5 to 8 kHz. Means, medians, and standard errors of the mean were obtained and reported by ear, frequency, sex, and age. Results: The mean and median thresholds ranged from 3.0 to 11.8 dB HL and -1.0 to 10.8 dB HL, respectively. The highest (poorest) thresholds were obtained at test frequencies above 4000 Hz. Similar mean and median thresholds were found between boys and girls at all frequencies. Conclusions: These data indicate that the mean thresholds fall below the standard screening guidelines recommended by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (less than or equal to20 dB HL for the frequencies from 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz). The results of this study suggest the need to include the test frequency of 6000 Hz in screening protocols for children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Florida, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Commun Disorders, Gainesville, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Niskar, AS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM abn0@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0196-0202 J9 EAR HEARING JI Ear Hear. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 397 EP 402 DI 10.1097/01.AUD.0000134553.60120.3A PG 6 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 844SR UT WOS:000223180600006 PM 15292779 ER PT J AU Klee, AL Maldin, B Edwin, B Poshni, I Mostashari, F Fine, A Layton, M Nash, D AF Klee, AL Maldin, B Edwin, B Poshni, I Mostashari, F Fine, A Layton, M Nash, D TI Long-term prognosis for clinical West Nile virus infection SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ST-LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS; FOLLOW-UP; FLORIDA; POLIOMYELITIS; ANTIBODY; EPIDEMIC AB Relatively little is known about the long-term prognosis for patients with clinical West Nile virus (WNV) infection. We conducted a study to describe the recovery of New York City residents infected during the 1999 WNV encephalitis outbreak. Patients were interviewed by telephone on self-perceived health outcomes 6, 12, and 18 months after WNV illness onset. At 12 months, the prevalence of physical, functional, and cognitive symptoms was significantly higher than that at baseline, including muscle weakness, loss of concentration, confusion, and lightheadedness. Only 37% achieved a full recovery by 1 year. Younger age at infection was the only significant predictor of recovery. Efforts aimed at preventing WNV infection should focus on elderly populations who are at increased risk for neurologic manifestations and more likely to experience long-term sequelae of WNV illness. More studies are needed to document the long-term sequelae of this increasingly common infection. C1 New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nash, D (reprint author), New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, 1216 5th Ave, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM dnash@nyam.org NR 25 TC 90 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 8 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2004 VL 10 IS 8 BP 1405 EP 1411 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 844JC UT WOS:000223153200008 PM 15496241 ER PT J AU Yokoe, DS Coon, SW Dokholyan, R Iannuzzi, MC Jones, TF Meredith, S Moore, M Phillips, L Ray, W Schech, S Shatin, D Platt, R AF Yokoe, DS Coon, SW Dokholyan, R Iannuzzi, MC Jones, TF Meredith, S Moore, M Phillips, L Ray, W Schech, S Shatin, D Platt, R TI Pharmacy data for tuberculosis surveillance and assessment of patient management SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RECORDS AB Underreporting tuberculosis (TB) cases can compromise surveillance. We evaluated the contribution of pharmacy data in three different managed-care settings and geographic areas. Persons with more than two anti-TB medications were identified by using pharmacy databases. Active TB was confirmed by using state TB registries, medical record review, or questionnaires from prescribing physicians. We identified 207 active TB cases, including 13 (6%) missed by traditional surveillance. Pharmacy screening identified 80% of persons with TB who. had received their medications through health plan-reimbursed sources, but missed those treated solely in public health clinics. The positive predictive value of receiving more than two anti-TB medications was 33%. Pharmacy data also provided useful information about physicians' management of TB and patients' adherence to prescribed therapy. Pharmacy data can help public health officials to find TB cases and assess their management in populations that receive care in the private sector. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Detroit, MI USA. Harvard Univ, Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Ctr Educ & Res Therapeut, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Missouri Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Jefferson City, MI USA. Ctr Hlth Care Policy & Evaluat, Minneapolis, MN USA. HMO Res Network Ctr Educ & Res Therapeut, Boston, MA USA. RP Yokoe, DS (reprint author), 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM deborah.yokoe@channing.harvard.edu FU AHRQ HHS [HS10391]; ODCDC CDC HHS [R18/CCU115960] NR 13 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2004 VL 10 IS 8 BP 1426 EP 1431 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 844JC UT WOS:000223153200011 PM 15496244 ER PT J AU Cohen-Poradosu, R Jaffe, J Lavi, D Grisariu-Greenzaid, S Nir-Paz, R Valinsky, L Dan-Goor, M Block, C Beall, B Moses, AE AF Cohen-Poradosu, R Jaffe, J Lavi, D Grisariu-Greenzaid, S Nir-Paz, R Valinsky, L Dan-Goor, M Block, C Beall, B Moses, AE TI Group G streptococcal bacteremia in Jerusalem SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; M-PROTEIN; MEDICAL-CENTER; GROUP-C; INFECTIONS; CELLULITIS; GENES; EMM; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS AB Group G Streptococcus (GGS) can cause severe infections, including bacteremia. These organisms often express a surface protein homologous to the Streptococcus pyogenes M protein. We retrospectively studied the characteristics of patients from the Hadassah Medical Center with GGS bacteremia from 1989 to 2000. Ninety-four cases of GGS bacteremia were identified in 84 patients. The median age was 62 years, 54% were males, and 92% had underlying diseases (35% had a malignancy, and 35% had diabetes mellitus). The most frequent source for bacteremia was cellulitis (61%). emm typing of 56 available isolates disclosed 13 different types, including 2 novel types. Six patients had recurrent bacteremia with two to four bacteremic episodes, five had chronic lymphatic disorders, and two had emm type stG840.0 in every episode. Recurrent bacteremia has not been described for invasive group A Streptococcus. We describe an entity of recurrent GGS bacteremia, which is associated with lymphatic disorders and possibly with emm stG840.0. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Med Ctr, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. Minist Hlth, Cent Lab, Jerusalem, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Med, IL-91010 Jerusalem, Israel. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Moses, AE (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Med Ctr, POB 12000, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. EM mosesa@md2.huji.ac.il RI Nir-Paz, Ran/I-5003-2012 NR 47 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2004 VL 10 IS 8 BP 1455 EP 1460 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 844JC UT WOS:000223153200015 PM 15496248 ER PT J AU Meltzer, MI AF Meltzer, MI TI Estimating SARS incubation period - In reply SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Meltzer, MI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D59, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MMeltzer@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2004 VL 10 IS 8 BP 1504 EP 1504 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 844JC UT WOS:000223153200030 ER PT J AU Schuster, FL Glaser, C Honarmand, S Maguire, JH Visvesvara, GS AF Schuster, FL Glaser, C Honarmand, S Maguire, JH Visvesvara, GS TI Balamuthia amebic encephalitis risk, hispanic Americans SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID MANDRILLARIS C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schuster, FL (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, 850 Marine Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM fschuste@dhs.ca.gov NR 7 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2004 VL 10 IS 8 BP 1510 EP 1512 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 844JC UT WOS:000223153200036 PM 15503402 ER PT J AU McDowell, MA Dillon, CF Osterloh, J Bolger, PM Pellizzari, E Fernando, R de Oca, RM Schober, SE Sinks, T Jones, RL Mahaffey, KR AF McDowell, MA Dillon, CF Osterloh, J Bolger, PM Pellizzari, E Fernando, R de Oca, RM Schober, SE Sinks, T Jones, RL Mahaffey, KR TI Hair mercury levels in US children and women of childbearing age: Reference range data from NHANES 1999-2000 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE blood; child; diet; female; hair; mercury; NHANES; preschool ID METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; FISH CONSUMPTION; MATERNAL HAIR; BLOOD; POPULATION; NEUROTOXICITY; INTRAUTERINE; AMERICAN; JAPANESE; EPA AB Exposure to methyl mercury, a risk factor for neurodevelopmental toxicity, was assessed in U.S. children 1-5 years of age (n = 838) and women 16-49 years of age (n = 1,726) using hair mercury analysis during the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The data are nationally representative and are based on analysis of cross-sectional data for the noninstitutionalized, U.S. household population. The survey consisted of interviews conducted in participants' homes and standardized health examinations conducted in mobile examination centers. Distributions of total hair mercury levels expressed as micrograms per gram hair Hg and the association of hair Hg levels with sociodemographic characteristics and fish consumption are reported. Geometric mean (standard error of the geometric mean) hair mercury was 0.12 mug/g (0.01 mug/g) in children, and 0.20 mug/g (0.02 mug/g) in women. Among frequent fish consumers, geometric mean hair mercury levels were 3-fold higher for women (0.38 vs. 0.11 mug/g) and 2-fold higher for children (0.16 vs. 0.08 mug/g) compared with nonconsumers. The NHANES 1999-2000 data provide population-based data on hair mercury concentrations for women and children in the United States. Hair mercury levels were associated with age and fish consumption frequency. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stn, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Orkand Corp, Falls Church, VA USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Prevent Pesticides & Toxic Subst, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC USA. RP McDowell, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stn, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4335, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM MMcDowell@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 186 Z9 191 U1 1 U2 25 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 112 IS 11 BP 1165 EP 1171 DI 10.1289/ehp.7046 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 852GN UT WOS:000223743700035 PM 15289161 ER PT J AU Karpati, AM Perrin, MC Matte, T Leighton, J Schwartz, J Barr, RG AF Karpati, AM Perrin, MC Matte, T Leighton, J Schwartz, J Barr, RG TI Pesticide spraying for West Nile virus control and emergency department asthma visits in New York City, 2000 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE asthma; obstructive airway disease; ozone; particulates; pesticides; pollutants; pyrethroids; West Nile virus ID SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS; AIR-POLLUTION; EFFICACY; ARKANSAS; HEALTH AB Pyrethroid pesticides were applied via ground spraying to residential neighborhoods in New York City during July-September 2000 to control mosquito vectors of West Nile virus (WNV). Case reports link pyrethroid exposure to asthma exacerbations, but population-level effects on asthma from large-scale mosquito control programs have not been assessed. We conducted this analysis to determine whether widespread urban pyrethroid pesticide use was associated with increased rates of emergency department (ED) visits for asthma. We recorded the dates and locations of pyrethroid spraying during the 2000 WNV season in New York City and tabulated all ED visits for asthma to public hospitals from October 1999 through November 2000 by date and ZIP code of patients' residences. The association between pesticide application and asthma-related emergency visits was evaluated across date and ZIP code, adjusting for season, day of week, and daily temperature, precipitation, particulate, and ozone levels. There were 62,827 ED visits for asthma during the 14-month study period, across 162 ZIP codes. The number of asthma visits was similar in the 3-day periods before and after spraying (510 vs. 501, p = 0.78). In multivariate analyses, daily rates of asthma visits were not associated with pesticide spraying (rate ratio = 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-1-07). Secondary analyses among children and for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease yielded similar null results. This analysis shows that spraying pyrethroids for WNV control in New York City was not followed by population-level increases in public hospital ED visit rates for asthma. C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Div Epidemiol, New York, NY 10013 USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Div Dis Control, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Div Environm Hlth Sci, New York, NY USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, New York, NY USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med,Channing Lab, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Med, Div Gen Med, New York, NY USA. RP Karpati, AM (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Div Epidemiol, 125 Worth St,Room 315,CN-06, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM akarpati@health.nyc.gov NR 22 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 112 IS 11 BP 1183 EP 1187 DI 10.1289/ehp.6946 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 852GN UT WOS:000223743700038 PM 15289164 ER PT J AU Kalluri, P Cummings, KC Abbott, S Malcolm, GB Hutcheson, K Beall, A Joyce, K Polyak, C Woodward, D Caldeira, R Rodgers, F Mintz, ED Strockbine, N AF Kalluri, P Cummings, KC Abbott, S Malcolm, GB Hutcheson, K Beall, A Joyce, K Polyak, C Woodward, D Caldeira, R Rodgers, F Mintz, ED Strockbine, N TI Epidemiological features of a newly described serotype of Shigella boydii SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE; DISPARITIES; RESISTANCE; OUTBREAK AB We report the clinical, microbiological, and epidemiological features of an emerging serotype, Shigella boydii 20. We interviewed patients about symptoms, and history of travel and visitors during the week before illness onset. Seventy-five per cent of the 56 patients were Hispanic. During the week before illness onset, 18 (32%) travelled abroad; 17 (94%) had visited Mexico. Eight (21%) out of 38 who had not travelled had foreign visitors. There were eight closely related patterns by PFGE with XbaI. S. boydii 20 may be related to travel to Mexico and Hispanic ethnicity. Prompt epidemiological investigation of clusters of S. boydii 20 infection may help identify specific vehicles and risk factors for infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Hlth Canada, Natl Lab Enter Pathogens, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. RP Kalluri, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, MS A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 132 IS 4 BP 579 EP 583 DI 10.1017/S0950268804002377 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 846QB UT WOS:000223329600002 PM 15310158 ER PT J AU Nelson, EAS Tam, JS Yu, LM Glass, RI Parashar, UD Fok, TF AF Nelson, EAS Tam, JS Yu, LM Glass, RI Parashar, UD Fok, TF TI Surveillance of childhood diarrhoeal disease in Hong Kong, using standardized hospital discharge data SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID ROTAVIRUS INFECTION; INTUSSUSCEPTION; CHILDREN; GASTROENTERITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VACCINE AB Discharge information for all Hong Kong government hospitals, which is routinely collected through the Clinical Management System (CMS), was used to assess the relative importance of all causes of diarrhoeal illness and to address the issue of under-diagnosis of rotavirus by linking discharge diagnostic codes with actual laboratory results for one hospital. Of all children less than 5 years of age hospitalized in Hong Kong in the 2-year period July 1997 to June 1999, 12 257 (11 %) were discharged with a primary diarrhoea diagnosis (74 % coded as non-specified, 0(.)4 % as rotavirus, 11 % as Salmonella and 5 % as other viral or bacterial). Linked laboratory and discharge data for one hospital demonstrated that 15 % (n = 1522) of all admissions had a primary diarrhoea diagnosis and that 40 % of these had a specimen sent for rotavirus testing, of which 37 % were positive. However, 46 % (67/145) of children with a diagnosis of rotavirus infection had no virology result, and 69 % (172/248) of positive rotavirus results were in children with no diagnosis indicating rotavirus infection. Modification of the CMS to routinely combine existing computerized laboratory data with the CMS discharge diagnoses and to develop mechanisms to enhance reliability of discharge diagnosis coding could produce a powerful resource for disease surveillance, auditing and for monitoring the impact of future vaccination and other prevention programmes. C1 Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Pediat, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Microbiol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Ctr Clin Trials & Epidemiol Res, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nelson, EAS (reprint author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Pediat, Prince Wales Hosp, 6-F Clin Sci Bldg, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RI Yu, LM/J-4284-2012; OI Nelson, Edmund Anthony Severn/0000-0002-2521-3403 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 132 IS 4 BP 619 EP 626 DI 10.1017/S0950268804002250 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 846QB UT WOS:000223329600007 PM 15310163 ER PT J AU Sola, S Khan-Merchant, N Hooper, WC Caneer, P Menon, R Khan, B AF Sola, S Khan-Merchant, N Hooper, WC Caneer, P Menon, R Khan, B TI Serum isoprostane levels are predictive for recurrent acute coronary syndromes SO EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ESC Congress 2004 CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2004 CL Munich, GERMANY SP ESC C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Hemostasis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Thrombosis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0195-668X J9 EUR HEART J JI Eur. Heart J. PD AUG-SEP PY 2004 VL 25 SU S BP 244 EP 244 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 856PG UT WOS:000224056500970 ER PT J AU Wheeler, JG Mussolino, ME Gillum, RF Danesh, J AF Wheeler, JG Mussolino, ME Gillum, RF Danesh, J TI Associations between differential leucocyte count and incident coronary heart disease: 1764 incident cases from seven prospective studies of 30 374 individuals SO EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE leucocytes; coronary disease; meta-analysis ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; RISK; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; STROKE AB Aims We aimed to assess potential associations between different leucocyte components and coronary heart disease (CHD) in a prospective cohort study, and to put these findings in context of other relevant prospective studies in a meta-analysis. Methods and results We report data on differential leucocyte count and CHD derived from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1) and the NHANES 1 Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (NHEFS) involving 4625 individuals followed, on average, for 18 years. The NHEFS involved 914 incident CHD cases and yielded an adjusted risk ratio of 1.09 (0.93-1.29) comparing individuals with neutrophil counts in the top third versus those in the bottom third of the population. In a meta-analysis involving the NHEFS and four other studies comprising a total of 1764 incident CHD cases, the association of CHD with neutrophil counts was somewhat stronger than those with other specific leucocyte components (combined risk ratio = 1.33 [1.17-1.50]) but there was substantial heterogeneity between the separate studies (chi(2) = 18.0, p < 0.001). Conclusions Although the present synthesis provides the most comprehensive assessment so far of specific leucocyte components in CHD, additional prospective data will be needed to resolve whether neutrophil. counts are much stronger predictors of CHD risk than other components. (C) 2004 The European Society of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge CB1 8RN, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Danesh, J (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Strangeways Site,Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, England. NR 19 TC 83 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0195-668X J9 EUR HEART J JI Eur. Heart J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 25 IS 15 BP 1287 EP 1292 DI 10.1016/j.ehj.2004.05.002 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 846YS UT WOS:000223356200007 PM 15288155 ER PT J AU Muntaner, C Hadden, WC Kravets, N AF Muntaner, C Hadden, WC Kravets, N TI Social class, race/ethnicity and all-cause mortality in the US: Longitudinal results from the 1986-1994 National Health Interview Survey SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hazard ratio; mortality; National Health Interview Survey ( NHIS); race; self-employed; social class ID UNITED-STATES; INEQUALITIES; WORK; SAFETY AB Background: Occupational social class has become a leading indicator of social inequalities in health. In the US, economic sectors are distinct with respect to wages, benefits, job security, promotion ladders and working conditions. The growing economic sector of self-employed workers is characterized by lower wages and benefits, and greater job insecurity. Little attention has been given to the association between economic sector measures of social class and all-cause mortality, and there have been no studies of mortality among the self-employed. Methods: To determine risk of death associated with economic sector social class, this study entails a longitudinal analysis of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), an annual household survey representative of the US population for the period 1986-1994 (n = 377,129). The sample includes 201,566 men and 175,563 women, aged 24 65 years of age, in the civilian labor force. Results: Non- professionals are at higher risk of death than professionals across all sectors and self-employed professionals are at higher risk of death than professionals employed in government and production. Additional social class differences are accounted for by age, race, gender and marital status. Results are also partially explained by income. After controlling for income, Black professionals did not show a lower risk of death than Black non-professionals and self-employed Hispanic professionals had a higher risk of death than Hispanic professionals employed in the private sector. Conclusions: Given the growth of self-employment in the US, the noted increased risk of death among self-employed professionals merits further investigation and monitoring. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Family & Community Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Muntaner, C (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Family & Community Hlth, 655 W Lombard St,Suite 645, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM muntaner@son.umaryland.edu RI Muntaner, C/A-5043-2010 NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0393-2990 EI 1573-7284 J9 EUR J EPIDEMIOL JI Eur. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 19 IS 8 BP 777 EP 784 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 842ZY UT WOS:000223044400014 PM 15469035 ER PT J AU Akpinar-Elci, M Travis, WD Lynch, DA Kreiss, K AF Akpinar-Elci, M Travis, WD Lynch, DA Kreiss, K TI Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in popcorn production plant workers SO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE airways obstruction; flavouring; food industry; occupation ID PULMONARY-FUNCTION TESTS; ORGANIZING PNEUMONIA; CT FINDINGS; DIAGNOSIS; FEATURES; DISEASE AB Following sentinel case recognition, an excess of fixed airways obstruction was found among current workers in a microwave popcorn plant associated with butter flavouring exposures. In order to characterise the clinical presentation of sentinel cases, the medical records of sentinel cases were reviewed, interviews conducted and serial spirometric testing performed. Cases worked in microwave popcorn production, and five of the nine cases had mixed flavourings. Most had never smoked or smoked minimally. Cases showed onset of cough, shortness of breath and wheezing 5 months to 9 yrs; after starting work at the popcorn plant. Initial forced expiratory volume in one second ranged 14.0-66.8% of the predicted value. Eight high-resolution computed tomography scans showed marked bronchial wall thickening and mosaic attenuation with air trapping. Open lung biopsy results were consistent with, or diagnostic of, constrictive bronchiolitis in two of three cases. Five cases are on lung transplantation waiting lists. After leaving employment, nearly all cases experienced stabilisation of their lung function within 2 yrs. Astute clinicians can help identify new causes of airways obstruction by alerting public health authorities to unexplained disease cases occurring in groups of workers. C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Field Studies Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Natl Jewish Res & Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Akpinar-Elci, M (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Field Studies Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS H-2800,1094 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM melci@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 4 PU EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA 146 WEST ST, STE 2.4, HUTTONS BLDG, SHEFFIELD S1 4ES, ENGLAND SN 0903-1936 J9 EUR RESPIR J JI Eur. Resp. J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 298 EP 302 DI 10.1183/09031936.04.00013903 PG 5 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 842WG UT WOS:000223034600020 PM 15332401 ER PT J AU Howze, EH Baldwin, GT Kegler, MC AF Howze, EH Baldwin, GT Kegler, MC TI Environmental health promotion: Bridging traditional environmental health and health promotion SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Editorial Material DE environmental health; health promotion; public health ID LEVEL LEAD-EXPOSURE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE; BUILT ENVIRONMENT; RESEARCH AGENDA; AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; ASTHMA; CHILDREN; SCIENCE AB This article highlights the juncture between environmental health and health promotion and underscores the need for health promotion involvement in environmental health practice. It begins with a synopsis of current issues in environmental public health and deficiencies in environmental public health practice that could be partly ameliorated by an increased focus on environmental health promotion. Environmental health promotion lies at the intersection between the two disciplines and can be defined as any planned process employing comprehensive health promotion approaches to assess, correct, control, and prevent those factors in the environment that can potentially harm the health and quality of life of present and future generations. An introduction is also provided to the six articles contained in this special issue focused on environmental health promotion, and a brief discussion of crosscutting themes and issues is presented. C1 Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Reg, Div Hlth Educ & Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Howze, EH (reprint author), Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Reg, Div Hlth Educ & Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS E-33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ehowze@cdc.gov NR 70 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 31 IS 4 BP 429 EP 440 DI 10.1177/1090198104265591 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 839WR UT WOS:000222816100001 PM 15296627 ER PT J AU Kreuter, MW De Rosa, C Howze, EH Baldwin, GT AF Kreuter, MW De Rosa, C Howze, EH Baldwin, GT TI Understanding wicked problems: A key to advancing environmental health promotion SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE environmental health; health promotion; wicked problems; tame problems; stakeholder involvement ID GREAT-LAKES FISH; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; SPORT FISH; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; MATERNAL CONSUMPTION; MICHIGAN ANGLERS; SERUM PCB; PERFORMANCE; FISHEATERS; POPULATION AB Complex environmental health problems-like air and water pollution, hazardous waste sites, and lead poisoning-are in reality a constellation of linked problems embedded in the fabric of the communities in which they occur. These kinds of complex problems have been characterized by some as "wicked problems" wherein stakeholders may have conflicting interpretations of the problem and the science behind it, as well as different values, goals, and life experiences. Accordingly, policy makers, public health professionals, and other stakeholders who grapple with these problems cannot expect to effectively resolve them by relying solely on expert-driven approaches to problem solving. Rather, they need to acknowledge that wicked environmental health problems are most likely to yield to (1) the application of effective community health promotion skills, (2) a sustained commitment to sound toxicological and epidemiological science, (3) the application of systems thinking, and (4) transparent communication among all stakeholders. C1 Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Reg, Div Hlth Educ & Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Howze, EH (reprint author), Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Reg, Div Hlth Educ & Promot, Mailstop E33,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ehowze@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 41 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 31 IS 4 BP 441 EP 454 DI 10.1177/1090198104265597 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 839WR UT WOS:000222816100002 PM 15296628 ER PT J AU Parker, EA Baldwin, GT Israel, B Salinas, MA AF Parker, EA Baldwin, GT Israel, B Salinas, MA TI Application of health promotion theories and models for environmental health SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE asthma; health promotion theory; environmental health; community-based participatory research ID COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT; MULTILEVEL CONSTRUCT; OCCUPATIONAL STRESS; PERCEIVED CONTROL; INTEGRATED MODEL; PARTICIPATION; EDUCATION; ASTHMA; IMPLEMENTATION; PERCEPTIONS AB The field of environmental health promotion gained new prominence in recent years as awareness of physical environmental stressors and exposures increased in communities across the country and the world. Although many theories and conceptual models are used routinely to guide health promotion and health education interventions, they are rarely applied to environmental health issues. This article examines how health promotion theories and models can be applied in designing interventions to reduce exposure to environmental health hazards. Using the Community Action Against Asthma (CAAA) project as an example, this article describes the application of these theories and models to an intervention aimed at reducing environmental triggers for childhood asthma. Drawing on the multiple theories and models described, a composite ecological stress process model is presented, and its implications for environmental health promotion discussed. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Reg, Div Hlth Educ & Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Parker, EA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, 1420 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM edithp@umich.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01-ES09589, R01 ES010688] NR 60 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 31 IS 4 BP 491 EP 509 DI 10.1177/1090198104265601 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 839WR UT WOS:000222816100005 PM 15296631 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Hunter, S Paddock, CD Morken, T Campbell, GL Marfin, AA Zaki, SR AF Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Hunter, S Paddock, CD Morken, T Campbell, GL Marfin, AA Zaki, SR TI Clinicopathologic study and laboratory diagnosis of 23 cases with West Nile Virus encephalomyelitis SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; encephalitis; pathology; immunohistochemistry ID NEW-YORK; INFECTION; ENCEPHALITIS; PATHOLOGY; OUTBREAK; FEVER; BIRDS AB The differences in pathologic findings of fatal cases of West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis in the context of underlying conditions and illness duration are not well known. During 2002, we studied central nervous system (CNS) tissue samples from 23 patients who had serologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) evidence of a recent WNV infection. Fifteen patients had underlying medical conditions (5 malignancies, 3 renal transplants, 3 with diabetes or on dialysis, 2 with AIDS, and 2 receiving steroids). WNV serology was positive for 18 patients, negative for 2, and not available for 3. Perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates, microglial nodules, and loss of neurons were predominantly observed in the brainstem and anterior horns in the spinal cord. IHC using antibodies against flaviviruses and WNV showed viral antigens in 12 (52%) of 23 patients. Viral antigens were found inside neurons and neuronal processes predominantly in the brainstem and anterior horns. In general, the antigens were focal and sparse; however, in 4 severely immunosuppressed patients, extensive viral antigens were seen throughout the CNS. Positive IHC staining was observed in tissues of 7 of 8 patients who died within 1 week after illness onset, compared with 4 of 14 with more than 2 weeks' illness duration. WNV causes an encephalomyelitis by primarily affecting brainstem and spinal cord. Differences in the amount of viral antigen may be related to underlying medical conditions and length of survival. IHC can be an important diagnostic method, particularly during the 1st week of illness, when antigen levels are high. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Guarner, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Rickettsial Dis, Mailstop G32,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 28 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 35 IS 8 BP 983 EP 990 DI 10.1016/j.humpath.2004.04.008 PG 8 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 848AT UT WOS:000223440100008 PM 15297965 ER PT J AU Wright, V Schieve, LA Vahratian, A Reynolds, MA AF Wright, V Schieve, LA Vahratian, A Reynolds, MA TI Monozygotic twinning associated with day 5 embryo transfer in pregnancies conceived after IVF SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE blastocyst; extended culture; IVF; monozygotic; twinning ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; BLASTOCYST TRANSFER; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; STAGE; CULTURE; TWINS AB BACKGROUND: This study examines the association between day of embryo transfer and monozygotic (MZ) twinning. METHODS: We used a population-based sample of 108 336 IVF/embryo transfer procedures in which the patients oocytes' were freshly fertilized (non-frozen; non-donor) and 39 198 resultant pregnancies from US clinics in 1999 and 2000. Cases were pregnancies for which the number of fetal hearts observed on ultrasound exceeded the number of embryos transferred. These pregnancies were considered to contain at least one set of MZ twins. A total of 226 MZ pregnancies were compared with two control groups: 23 880 singleton pregnancies (one fetal heart) and 15 092 other multiple-gestation pregnancies (greater than or equal to2 fetal hearts but the number of fetal hearts on ultrasound was less than or equal to the number of embryos transferred). RESULTS: Cases of presumed MZ multiple-gestation pregnancies were more likely to have had a day 5 embryo transfer compared with day 3 embryo transfers than singleton pregnancies [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=3.92, 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.97-5.17] or other multiple-gestation pregnancies (AOR=3.91, 95% CI=2.96-5.17) conceived with IVF/embryo transfer. CONCLUSIONS: Day 5 embryo transfer may be associated with increased MZ twinning. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wright, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM vwright@cdc.gov RI Vahratian, Anjel/A-1182-2011 NR 24 TC 50 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1161 J9 HUM REPROD JI Hum. Reprod. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1831 EP 1836 DI 10.1093/humrep/deh338 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 840SQ UT WOS:000222880300028 PM 15192064 ER PT J AU Levin, ML Coble, DJ Ross, DE AF Levin, ML Coble, DJ Ross, DE TI Reinfection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in BALB/c mice and cross-protection between two sympatric isolates SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; TICK-BORNE FEVER; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; CHALLENGE INOCULATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; STRAIN DIFFERENCES; AGENT; RESPONSES; TYPHIMURIUM; CHAFFEENSIS AB Infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in white-footed mice results in partial protection against reinfection with the same agent. However, humans and domestic animals may be sequentially exposed to different isolates of the agent circulating in the same or adjacent foci. We investigated whether immune response to a tick-borne infection with A. phagocytophilum provides protection against homologous and heterologous challenges. BALB/c mice were infected with one of the two sympatric isolates of A. phagocytophilum via tick bite and challenged 16 weeks later by Ixodes scapularis nymphs infected with either the same or the alternative isolate. As controls, groups of infected mice were challenged by uninfected ticks to confirm an absence of reactivation of the original infection or groups of naive mice were fed upon by ticks from cohorts used for an infectious challenge. Xenodiagnostic L scapularis larvae were fed upon each mouse at 14 and 21 days postchallenge (PCH) and tested for the presence of A. phagocytophilum as freshly molted nymphs. Blood samples for quantitative PCR were collected at 7, 14, 21, and 70 days PCH. Serum samples were collected weekly to monitor development of immune response. The proportion of infected animals, levels of bacteremia, and the prevalence of infection in xenodiagnostic ticks were higher in groups of control mice exposed to A. phagocytophilum for the first time than in mice reinfected with either homologous or heterologous isolates. The presence of antibodies against A. phagocytophilum did not protect mice from a challenge with either homologous or heterologous isolates, however the ensuing reinfection was significantly milder and of a shorter duration than the first infection with either isolate. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Levin, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MLevin@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 72 IS 8 BP 4723 EP 4730 DI 10.1128/IAI.72.8.4723-4730.2004 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 841LW UT WOS:000222932600048 PM 15271934 ER PT J AU Pope, V AF Pope, V TI Use of treponemal tests to screen for syphilis SO INFECTIONS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE syphilis; serodiagnosis; treponemal test; enzyme immunoassay; screening test AB Over the past few years, the traditional algorithm for screening for syphilis-a nontreponemal test followed by a treponemal test-has been replaced in laboratories that test large numbers of samples. The new algorithm in the large, mostly commercial laboratories is to screen with a treponemal test, usually an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), followed by a nontreponemal test. Although this scheme allows. for automation of the screening procedure and gives an objective result, the treponemal test cannot distinguish between active and past syphilis. For this, a nontreponemal test is necessary when the EIA test is reactive. The traditional algorithm still is used in smaller laboratories, such as public health laboratories and in sexually transmitted disease clinics, where results are needed before the patient leaves the office. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Syphilis Serol Reference Lab, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pope, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Syphilis Serol Reference Lab, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCP COMMUNICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 134 W 29TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001-5304 USA SN 0749-6524 J9 INFECT MED JI Infect. Med. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 21 IS 8 BP 399 EP 402 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 847TH UT WOS:000223417300009 ER PT J AU Ahn, YS Bena, JF Bailer, AJ AF Ahn, YS Bena, JF Bailer, AJ TI Comparison of unintentional fatal occupational injuries in the Republic of Korea and the United States SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd National Occupational Injury Research Symposium (NOIRS) CY OCT, 2003 CL Natl Occupat Safety Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA SP Natl Safety Council, Amer Soc Safety Res HO Natl Occupat Safety Hlth AB Objectives: To compare the profile of unintentional fatal occupational injuries in the Republic of Korea and the United States to kelp establish prevention strategies for Korea and to understand country specific differences in fatality risks in different industries. Methods: Occupational fatal injury data from 1998-2001 were collected from Korea's Occupational Safety and Health Agency's Survey of Causes of Occupational Injuries (identified by the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation) and from the United States Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. Employment estimates were obtained in both countries. Industry coding and external cause of death coding were standardized. Descriptive analyses of injury rates and Poisson regression models to examine time trends were conducted. Results: Korea exhibited a significantly higher fatal injury rate, at least two times higher than the United States, after accounting for different employment patterns. The ordering of industries with respect to risk is the same in the two countries, with mining, agriculture/forestry/fishing, and construction being the most dangerous. Fatal injury rates are decreasing in these two countries, although at a faster rate in Korea. Conclusions: Understanding industrial practices within different countries is critical for fully understanding country specific occupational injury statistics. However, differences in surveillance systems and employment estimation methods serve as caveats to any transnational comparison, and need to be harmonized to the fullest extent possible. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Korea Occupat Safety & Hlth Agcy, Inchon, South Korea. NIOSH, Risk Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Miami Univ, Scripps Gerontol Ctr, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Bailer, AJ (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM boileraj@muohio.edu NR 23 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 10 IS 4 BP 199 EP 205 DI 10.1136/ip.2003.004895 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 852PI UT WOS:000223768500003 PM 15314045 ER PT J AU Collins, JW Wolf, L Bell, J Evanoff, B AF Collins, JW Wolf, L Bell, J Evanoff, B TI An evaluation of a "best practices" musculoskeletal injury prevention program in nursing homes SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd National Occupational Injury Research Symposium (NOIRS) CY OCT, 2003 CL Natl Occupat Safety Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA SP Natl Safety Council, Amer Soc Safety Res HO Natl Occupat Safety Hlth ID GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS; ASSISTIVE DEVICES; ASSISTANTS; PERSONNEL; RATES AB Objective: To conduct an intervention trial of a "best practices" musculoskeletal injury prevention program designed to safely lift physically dependent nursing home residents. Design: A pre-post intervention trial and cost benefit analysis at six nursing homes from January 1995 through December 2000. The intervention was established in January 1998 and injury rates, injury related costs and benefits, and severity are compared for 36 months pre-intervention and 36 months postintervention. Participants: A dynamic cohort of all nursing staff (n = 1728) in six nursing homes during a six year study period. Intervention: "Best practices" musculoskeletal injury prevention program consisting of mechanical lifts and repositioning aids, a zero lift policy, and employee training on lift usage. Main outcome measures: Injury incidence rates, workers' compensation costs, lost work day injury rates, restricted work day rates, and resident assaults on caregivers, annually from January 1995 through December 2000. Results: There was a significant reduction in resident handling injury incidence, workers' compensation costs, and lost workday injuries after the intervention. Adjusted rate ratios were 0.39 (95% confidence interval (0) 0.29 to 0.55) for workers' compensation claims, 0.54 (95% Cl 0.40 to 0.73) for Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 200 logs, and 0.65 (95% Cl 0.50 to 0.86) for first reports of employee injury. The initial investment of $158 556 for lifting equipment and worker training was recovered in less than three years based on post-intervention savings of $55 000 annually in workers' compensation costs. The rate of post-intervention assaults on caregivers during resident transfers was down 72%, 50%, and 30% based on workers' compensation, OSHA, and first reports of injury data, respectively. Conclusions: The "best practices" prevention program significantly reduced injuries for full time and part time nurses in all age groups, all lengths of experience in all study sites. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Safety Res, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. BJC Corp Hlth Serv, BJC Hlth Syst, St Louis, MO USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. RP Collins, JW (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Safety Res, 1095 Willowdale Rd,Mail Stop 1811, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM JCollins1@cdc.gov OI Evanoff, Bradley A./0000-0003-0085-333X NR 25 TC 140 Z9 141 U1 0 U2 15 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 10 IS 4 BP 206 EP 211 DI 10.1136/ip.2004.005595 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 852PI UT WOS:000223768500004 PM 15314046 ER PT J AU Hodous, TK Pizatella, TJ Braddee, R Castillo, DN AF Hodous, TK Pizatella, TJ Braddee, R Castillo, DN TI Fire fighter fatalities 1998-2001: overview with an emphasis on structure related traumatic fatalities SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd National Occupational Injury Research Symposium (NOIRS) CY OCT, 2003 CL Natl Occupat Safety Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA SP Natl Safety Council, Amer Soc Safety Res HO Natl Occupat Safety Hlth AB Objective: To review the causes of all fire fighter line-of-duty-deaths from 1998 through 2001, and present recommendations for preventing fatalities within the specific subgroup of structure related events. Methods: Fire fighter fatality data,from the United States Fire Administration were reviewed and classified into three main categories of injury. Investigations conducted through the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program provided the basis for the recommendations presented in this paper. Results: During the time period from 1998-2001, there were 410 line-of-duty deaths among fire fighters in the United States, excluding the 343 fire fighters who died at the World Trade Center on 11 September 2001. The 410 fatalities included 191 medical (non-traumatic) deaths (47%), 75 motor vehicle related fatalities (18%), and 144 other traumatic fatalities (35%). The latter group included 68 fatalities that were associated with structures which commonly involved structural collapse, rapid fire progression, and trapped fire fighters. Conclusions: Structural fires pose particular hazards to fire fighters. Additional efforts must be directed to more effectively use what we have learned through the NIOSH investigations and recommendations from published experts in the safety community, consensus standards, and national fire safety organizations to reduce fire fighter fatalities during structural fire fighting. C1 NIOSH, Div Safety Res, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Pizatella, TJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Safety Res, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM tjp2@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 10 IS 4 BP 222 EP 226 DI 10.1136/ip.2004.005348 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 852PI UT WOS:000223768500007 PM 15314049 ER PT J AU Noe, R Rocha, J Clavel-Arcas, C Aleman, C Gonzales, ME Mock, C AF Noe, R Rocha, J Clavel-Arcas, C Aleman, C Gonzales, ME Mock, C TI Occupational injuries identified by an emergency department based injury surveillance system in Nicaragua SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd National Occupational Injury Research Symposium (NOIRS) CY OCT, 2003 CL Natl Occupat Safety Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA SP Natl Safety Council, Amer Soc Safety Res HO Natl Occupat Safety Hlth ID HEALTH; GHANA; CONSEQUENCES; AMERICA; WORK AB Objectives: To identify and describe the work related injuries in both the formal and informal work sectors captured in an emergency department based injury surveillance system in Managua, Nicaragua. Setting: Urban emergency department in Managua, Nicaragua serving 200-300 patients per day. Methods: Secondary analysis from the surveillance system data. All cases indicating an injury while working and seen for treatment at the emergency department between 1 August 2001 and 31 July 2002 were included. There was no exclusion based on place of occurrence (home, work, school), age, or gender. Results: There were 3801 work related injuries identified which accounted for 18.6% of the total 20 425 injures captured by the surveillance system. Twenty seven work related fatalities were recorded, compared with the 1998 International Labor Organization statistic of 25 occupational fatalities for all of Nicaragua. Injuries occurring outside of a formal work location accounted for more than 60% of the work related injuries. Almost half of these occurred at home, while 19% occurred on the street. The leading mechanisms for work related injuries were falls (30%), blunt objects (28%), and stabs/cuts (23%). Falls were by far the most severe mechanism in the study, causing 37% of the work related deaths and more than half of the fractures. Conclusions: Occupational injuries are grossly underreported in Nicaragua. This study demonstrated that an emergency department can be a data source for work related injuries in developing countries because it captures both the formal and informal workforce injuries. Fall prevention initiatives could significantly reduce the magnitude and severity of occupational injuries in Managua, Nicaragua. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA USA. UNAN Leon, Nacl Proyecto Epidemiol Les MINSA CDC OPS, CIDS, Leon, Nicaragua. Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Noe, R (reprint author), 1095 Willowdale Rd MS-1811, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM rnoe64@u.washington.edu OI Mock, Charles/0000-0002-0564-568X NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 10 IS 4 BP 227 EP 232 DI 10.1136/ip.2004.005165 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 852PI UT WOS:000223768500008 PM 15314050 ER PT J AU Helmkamp, JC Bell, JL Lundstrom, WJ Ramprasad, J Haque, A AF Helmkamp, JC Bell, JL Lundstrom, WJ Ramprasad, J Haque, A TI Assessing safety awareness and knowledge and behavioral change among West Virginia loggers SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd National Occupational Injury Research Symposium (NOIRS) CY OCT, 2003 CL Natl Occupat Safety Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA SP Natl Safety Council, Amer Soc Safety Res HO Natl Occupat Safety Hlth ID INJURIES; FATALITIES AB Objective: To determine if a video used during logger training influences safety attitude, knowledge, and workplace habits. Method: From April 2002 to October 2003, loggers receiving training through the West Virginia Division of Forestry were given a new safety module. This consisted of a pre-training survey, viewing video, brief introduction to field safety guide, and an immediate post-training survey. Six months after training, loggers were contacted by telephone to assess workplace behavioral changes. Results: 1197 loggers attended 80 training sessions and completed surveys; 21% were contacted at follow up. Pre-training surveys indicated that half said "accidents" were part of the job and had experienced a "close call" in their work. An overwhelming majority felt that safety management and periodic meetings were important. Over 75% indicated they would not take risks in order to make a profit. Several statistically significant improvements were noted in safety knowledge after viewing the video: logger's location in relation to the tree stump during fatal incidents and the pictorial identification of an overloaded truck and the safest cutting notch. At follow up, many of the loggers said they related to the real life victim stories portrayed in the video. Further, the field guide served as a quick and easy reference and taught them valuable tips on safe cutting and felling. Conclusions: Significant changes in safety knowledge and attitude among certified loggers resulted from viewing the video during training. Subsequent use of the video and field guide at the worksite encouraged positive change in self reported work habits and practices. C1 W Virginia Univ, Ctr Rural Emergency Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NIOSH, Div Safety Res, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Helmkamp, JC (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Ctr Rural Emergency Med, POB 9151, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM jhelmkamp@hsc.wvu.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U60/CCU312914-06] NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 8 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 10 IS 4 BP 233 EP 238 DI 10.1136/ip.2003.005033 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 852PI UT WOS:000223768500009 PM 15314051 ER PT J AU Schuster, FL Visvesvara, GS AF Schuster, FL Visvesvara, GS TI Free-living amoebae as opportunistic and non-opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Balamuthia mandrillaris; Naegleria fowleri; Acanthamoeba; Sappinia diploidea; amoebic encephalitis; amoebic keratitis ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE DIGESTION; AMEBOFLAGELLATE NAEGLERIA-FOWLERI; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS; WHOLE-CELL DNA; ACANTHAMOEBA-KERATITIS; BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; AMPHOTERICIN-B AB Knowledge that free-living amoebae are capable of causing human disease dates back some 50 years, prior to which time they were regarded as harmless soil organisms or, at most, commensals of mammals. First Naegleria fowleri, then Acanthamoeba spp. and Balamuthia mandrillaris, and finally Sappinia diploidea have been recognised as etiologic agents of encephalitis; Acanthamoeba spp. are also responsible for amoebic keratitis. Some of the infections are opportunistic, occurring mainly in immunocompromised hosts (Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia encephalitides), while others are non-opportunistic (Acanthamoeba keratitis, Naegleria meningoencephalitis, and cases of Balamuthia encephalitis occurring in immunocompetent humans). The amoebae have a cosmopolitan distribution in soil and water, providing multiple opportunities for contacts with humans and animals, as evidenced by antibody titers in surveyed human populations. Although, the numbers of infections caused by these amoebae are low in comparison to other protozoal parasitoses (trypanosomiasis, toxoplasmosis, malaria, etc.), the difficulty in diagnosing them, the challenge of finding optimal antimicrobial treatments and the morbidity and relatively high mortality associated with, in particular, the encephalitides have been a cause for concern for clinical and laboratory personnel and parasitologists. This review presents information about the individual amoebae: their morphologies and life-cycles, laboratory cultivation, ecology, epidemiology, nature of the infections and appropriate antimicrobial therapies, the immune response, and molecular diagnostic procedures that have been developed for identification of the amoebae in the environment and in clinical specimens. (C) 2004 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schuster, FL (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM fschuste@dhs.ca.gov NR 230 TC 322 Z9 336 U1 5 U2 50 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 34 IS 9 BP 1001 EP 1027 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2004.06.004 PG 27 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 852IO UT WOS:000223749200003 PM 15313128 ER PT J AU Parashar, UD Anderson, LJ AF Parashar, UD Anderson, LJ TI Severe acute respiratory syndrome: review and lessons of the 2003 outbreak SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID THIN-SECTION CT; HONG-KONG; SARS CORONAVIRUS; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; LUNG PATHOLOGY; TORONTO; CANADA; CHINA; IDENTIFICATION; MANIFESTATIONS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Parashar, UD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop A 34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM UAP2@CDC.GOV NR 66 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 628 EP 634 DI 10.1093/ije/dyh198 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 855AB UT WOS:000223944100002 PM 15155694 ER PT J AU Ijaz, K Yang, Z Templeton, G Stead, WW Bates, JH Cave, MD AF Ijaz, K Yang, Z Templeton, G Stead, WW Bates, JH Cave, MD TI Persistence of a strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a prison system SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; epidemiology; prisons; IS6110; RFLP ID EXOGENOUS REINFECTION; RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; MOLECULAR METHODS; HIV-INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; POPULATION; OUTBREAK; INMATES; DISEASE; STATE AB SETTING: A prison system with an average year-end census of 9084 inmates. OBJECTIVE: To determine transmission dynamics of tuberculosis over a long period; to establish whether Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains responsible for disease in a prison system persist; and to determine whether patients in a community whose isolates cluster with those in a prison system are linked. DESIGN: Retrospective epidemiologic analysis was performed on tuberculosis cases reported in a prison system over a 9-year period. In addition, IS61 10 RFLP patterns of M. tuberculosis isolates obtained from prisoners were compared with those of other cases from the state at large. The results of the RFLP analysis and the epidemiologic investigation were compared. RESULTS: Approximately 80% of tuberculosis cases in the prison system were clustered. Over 9 years, a single strain of M. tuberculosis accounted for more than 50% of cases. Patients from the community at large who were infected with the same strain were linked to the prison system. CONCLUSION: In spite of intensive tuberculosis control efforts, a single strain of M. tuberculosis has persisted in the prison system. Its persistence is accounted for by activation of latent infection in patients who, prior to being diagnosed and treated, infected other patients, who then sustained the transmission chain. C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Anat, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Neurobiol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Arkansas Dept Hlth, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Univ Michigan, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Med, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Cent Arkansas Vet Healthcare Serv, Med Res Serv, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Cave, MD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Anat, 4301 W Markham,Slot 510,EDIII G208, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. EM dcave@uams.edu FU PHS HHS [98FED10318] NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 8 IS 8 BP 994 EP 1000 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 842YJ UT WOS:000223040300012 PM 15305483 ER PT J AU Rajbhandary, SS Marks, SM Bock, NN AF Rajbhandary, SS Marks, SM Bock, NN TI Costs of patients hospitalized for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE multiple drug resistance; costs and cost analysis; cost of illness; tuberculosis AB SETTING: From 1993 through 1998, 1846 cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) were reported in the United States. Costs associated with MDR-TB are likely to be much higher than for drug-susceptible tuberculosis due to longer hospitalization, longer treatment with more expensive and toxic medications, greater productivity losses, and higher mortality. OBJECTIVE: To measure the societal costs of patients hospitalized for MDR-TB. DESIGN: We detailed in-patient costs for 13 multidrug-resistant patients enrolled in a national study. We estimated costs for physician care, out-patient treatment, and productivity losses for survivors and for deceased patients. RESULTS: In-patient costs averaged US$25 853 per person and $1036 per person-day of hospitalization. Outpatient costs per person ranged from $5744 to $41 821 (average $19 028, or $44 a day). Direct medical costs averaged $44 881; indirect costs for those who survived averaged $32 964, and indirect costs for those who died averaged $686 381 per person. Total costs per person ranged from $28 217 to $181 492 (average $89 594) for those who survived, and from $509 490 to $1278 066 (average $717 555) for those who died. CONCLUSION: The societal costs of MDR-TB varied, mostly because of length of therapy (including in-patient), and deaths during treatment. C1 Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Hlth Syst Res Team,Clin & Hlth Syst Res Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Marks, SM (reprint author), Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Hlth Syst Res Team,Clin & Hlth Syst Res Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM smarks@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 8 IS 8 BP 1012 EP 1016 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 842YJ UT WOS:000223040300015 PM 15305486 ER PT J AU Daikos, GL Brooks, JB Michos, A Roma, E Syriopoulou, V AF Daikos, GL Brooks, JB Michos, A Roma, E Syriopoulou, V TI Detection of tuberculostearic acid in serum and other biological fluids from patients with tuberculosis by electron capture-gas chromatography and chemical ionisation-mass spectrometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE FPEC-GC; CIGC-MS; tuberculostearic acid; tuberculosis ID CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RAPID DIAGNOSIS; MENINGITIS AB We analysed 37 clinical samples from 33 patients with bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis, two cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with cured tuberculous meningitis, and 14 serum samples from healthy individuals, for the presence of tuberculostearic acid (TSA) by frequency pulsed electron capture-gas chromatography (FPEC-GC) and chemical ionisation gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CIGC-MS). TSA was detected in 36 of the 37 samples from patients with active tuberculosis and none of the patients with cured tuberculous meningitis; only one of 14 controls generated a similar chromatographic profile. Analysis of biological fluids by FPEC-GC and CIGC-MS for the presence of TSA may be a valuable method for rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis. C1 Univ Athens, Dept Propaedeut Med 1, Athens 11527, Greece. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB, Res Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Athens, Dept Pediat 1, Athens 11527, Greece. RP Daikos, GL (reprint author), Univ Athens, Dept Propaedeut Med 1, Agiou Thoma 17 & Alexandroupoleos St, Athens 11527, Greece. EM gdaikos@med.uoa.gr OI Michos, Athanasios/0000-0003-1745-1118 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 8 IS 8 BP 1027 EP 1031 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 842YJ UT WOS:000223040300018 PM 15305489 ER PT J AU Colfax, GN Guzman, R Wheeler, S Mansergh, G Marks, G Rader, M Buchbinder, SP AF Colfax, GN Guzman, R Wheeler, S Mansergh, G Marks, G Rader, M Buchbinder, SP TI Beliefs about HIV reinfection (superinfection) and sexual behavior among a diverse sample of HIV-positive men who have sex with men SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Letter ID VIRUS C1 Dept Publ Hlth, HIV Res Sect, San Francisco, CA USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Colfax, GN (reprint author), Dept Publ Hlth, HIV Res Sect, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 7 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 36 IS 4 BP 990 EP 992 DI 10.1097/00126334-200408010-00017 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 838LU UT WOS:000222715600017 PM 15220710 ER PT J AU Santelli, JS Abma, J Ventura, S Lindberg, L Morrow, B Anderson, JE Lyss, S Hamilton, BE AF Santelli, JS Abma, J Ventura, S Lindberg, L Morrow, B Anderson, JE Lyss, S Hamilton, BE TI Can changes in sexual behaviors among high school students explain the decline in teen pregnancy rates in the 1990s? SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE abstinence contraception; sexual behaviors; teen pregnancy ID CONTRACEPTIVE USE; UNITED-STATES; WOMEN; ABORTIONS; TRENDS AB Purpose: To explore the utility of using national data from high school students to explain changes in national declines in pregnancy rates. Although declines in teen pregnancy and birthrates in the 1990s have been welcome news to those interested in adolescent health and welfare, the reasons for these declines are not readily apparent. Previous attempts to explain these declines focused on the period before 1995 and did not directly calculate the impact of improved contraceptive use. Methods: The national Youth Risk Behavior Survey provided estimates for sexual activity and contraceptive use among teens aged 15-17 years between 1991 and 2001 (n = 31,058). These data were combined with method-specific contraceptive failure rates (CFRs) derived from the 1988 and 1995 National Survey of Family Growth and pregnancy rates from the National Vital Statistics System. We calculated weighted-average CFRs (WACFR) and used the annual rate of change in the WACFR and sexual activity to estimate their relative contributions to the annual change in risk of pregnancy. Weighted least-squares regression in SUDAAN was used to test change over time. Results: Between 1991 and 2001, annual rates of change in sexual behaviors were -1.7% for sexual experience and -1.6% for the WACFR. Improvements in WACFR resulted primarily from a decline in use of withdrawal (from 20% to 13%) and use of no method (from 17% to 13%) and an increase in condom use (40% to 51%). Recent sexual intercourse (i.e., intercourse during the past 3 months among teens who had ever had intercourse) did not change over time. The change in the estimated risk of pregnancy closely approximated the annual decline in the pregnancy rates for blacks and Hispanics but underestimated the actual decline for whites. Overall, 53% of the decline in pregnancy rates can be attributed to decreased sexual experience (95%CI 26% to 79%) and 47% to improved contraceptive use (95%CI 21% to 74%). Conclusions: Use of school-based behavior data reflects well the pregnancy experience for school-age black and Hispanic adolescents, but does not track well with the pregnancy risk of white adolescents. Care should be taken in attributing changes in pregnancy rates to changes in behavior, given broad confidence intervals around these estimates. These data suggest that both delayed initiation of sexual intercourse and improved contraceptive practice contributed equally to declines in pregnancy rates among high school-aged teens during the 1990s; however, estimates varied among racial and ethnic groups. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2004. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Huntsville, MD USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Huntsville, MD USA. RP Santelli, JS (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop K20, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jfs8@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD AUG PY 2004 VL 35 IS 2 BP 80 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.05.001 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 840SR UT WOS:000222880400003 PM 15261636 ER PT J AU Brener, ND Grunbaum, JA Kann, L McManus, T Ross, J AF Brener, ND Grunbaum, JA Kann, L McManus, T Ross, J TI Assessing health risk behaviors among adolescents: The effect of question wording and appeals for honesty SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE adolescents; health behavior; surveys ID NATIONAL SURVEYS; SUBSTANCE USE; PREVALENCE; YOUTH; IMPACT AB Purpose: To understand how methodological factors influence prevalence estimates of health-risk behaviors obtained from surveys, we examined the effect of varying question wording and honesty appeals while holding other aspects of the surveys constant. Methods: A convenience sample of students (n = 4140) in grades 9 through 12 was randomly assigned to complete one of six versions of a paper-and-pencil questionnaire in classrooms. Each questionnaire version represented a different combination of honesty appeal (standard vs. strong) and questionnaire type. The questionnaire types varied in wording and in the number of questions assessing particular types of behaviors. The questionnaires were based on those used in three national surveys-the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, Monitoring the Future, and the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Logistic regression analyses examined how responses to each survey question assessing behavior were associated with questionnaire type, honesty appeal, and the interaction of those two variables. Results: Among 32 behaviors with different question wording across questionnaire types, 12 showed a significant effect of questionnaire type. Among 45 behaviors with identical question wording across questionnaire types, five showed a. significant main effect of questionnaire type. Among all 77 behaviors, one showed a significant main effect for honesty appeal and two showed a significant interaction between honesty appeal and questionnaire type. Conclusions: When population, setting, questionnaire context, mode of administration, and data-editing protocols are held constant, differences in question wording can create statistically significant differences in some prevalence estimates. Varying honesty appeals does not have an effect on prevalence estimates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Macro Int Inc, Calverton, MD USA. RP Brener, ND (reprint author), CDC, DASH, MS K-33,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM nad1@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD AUG PY 2004 VL 35 IS 2 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003.08.013 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 840SR UT WOS:000222880400004 PM 15261637 ER PT J AU Dong, RG Welcome, DE McDowell, TW Wu, JZ AF Dong, RG Welcome, DE McDowell, TW Wu, JZ TI Biodynamic response of human fingers in a power grip subjected to a random vibration SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID HUMAN HAND-ARM; MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE; TRANSMITTED VIBRATION; SYSTEM; HAMMER AB Background. Knowledge of the biodynamic response (BR) of the human hand-arm system is an important part of the foundation for the measurement and assessment of hand-transmitted vibration exposure. This study investigated the BR of human fingers in a power grip subjected to a random vibration. Method. Ten male subjects were used in the experiment. Each subject applied three coupling actions to a simulated tool handle at three different finger grip force levels. Results and Conclusions. The BR is practically independent of the hand coupling actions for frequencies at or above 100 Hz. Above 50 Hz, the BR is correlated to finger and hand sizes. Increasing the finger coupling force significantly increases the BR. Therefore, hand forces should be measured and used when assessing hand-transmitted vibration exposure. The results also show that under a constant-velocity vibration, the finger vibration power absorption at frequencies above 200 Hz: is approximately twice that at frequencies below 100 Hz. This suggests that the frequency weighting specified in the current ISO 5349-I (2001) may underestimate the high frequency effect on vibration-induced finger disorders. C1 NIOSH, E&CTB, HELD, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Dong, RG (reprint author), NIOSH, E&CTB, HELD, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS 2201, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM rkd6@cdc.gov OI McDowell, Thomas/0000-0002-2416-2210 NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0148-0731 J9 J BIOMECH ENG-T ASME JI J. Biomech. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2004 VL 126 IS 4 BP 447 EP 457 DI 10.1115/1.1784479 PG 11 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 864YI UT WOS:000224668800007 PM 15543862 ER PT J AU Quan, XW Webster, PJ Moore, AM Chang, HR AF Quan, XW Webster, PJ Moore, AM Chang, HR TI Seasonality in SST-forced atmospheric short-term climate predictability SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; DYNAMICAL PREDICTABILITY; ERROR GROWTH; ANNUAL CYCLE; PACIFIC; PREDICTION; ANOMALIES AB The seasonal dependence of atmospheric short-term climate (i.e., seasonal to interannual) predictability is studied. This is accomplished by analyzing the output from ensemble integrations of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts model. The integrations use the observed evolution of sea surface temperature (SST) as prescribed boundary forcing. Forced by the interannual variation of SST, the short-term climate predictability of the atmospheric circulation is geographically and seasonally dependent. In general, the predictability is larger in the Tropics than the extratropics and is greater in the Pacific-Atlantic Ocean sector compared to the Indian Ocean-Asian monsoon region. Predictability is also higher in the winter hemisphere than in the summer hemisphere. On average, the weakest predictability in the Northern Hemisphere occurs during the northern autumn. However, it is noted that the 1982/83 strong El Nino event produced stronger atmospheric predictability than the 1988/89 strong La Nina event during the northern spring, and the predictability pattern is reversed during the northern autumn. Predictability is further partitioned into its internal and external components. The external component is defined as the interannual variation of ensemble average, and the internal component is the sample-to-sample variance. The temporal and spatial structure in the external variability accounts for most of the structure in the SST-forced atmospheric predictability. However, there are regions in the Tropics, such as over the monsoon region, where the external and internal variabilities show roughly the same magnitude. Overall, internal variability is largest in the extratropics. Specifically, the internal variability is larger in the northern extratropics during the northern autumn and larger in the southern extratropics during the northern spring. In contrast, the external variability is smaller (larger) in the northern extratropics during the northern autumn (spring). It is concluded that major features of the SST-forced atmospheric predictability are determined by the external variability in the Tropics. In the extratropics, the predictability is determined by seasonal variations in both internal and external variabilities. The weakest predictability that occurs in the northern extratropics during the northern autumn is the result of a conjunction of a local increase in internal variability and a decrease in external variability at the same time. Furthermore, the external variability is controlled by seasonality in the forcing over the tropical Pacific Ocean, which is largely determined by the following two mechanisms: 1) the annual cycle-ENSO interaction over the tropical Pacific Ocean and 2) nonlinear effects of hydrological processes associated with the annual cycle-ENSO interaction. Also, it is interesting that the annual cycle-ENSO interaction can be summarized into a conceptual model that shows some analogy to the quark model in nuclear physics. C1 Univ Colorado, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Quan, XW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, CDC, R-E-CD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM quan.xiaowei@noaa.gov NR 53 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 17 IS 16 BP 3090 EP 3108 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3090:SISASC>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 847DX UT WOS:000223374000003 ER PT J AU Odds, FC Motyl, M Andrade, R Bille, J Canton, E Cuenca-Estrella, M Davidson, A Durussel, C Ellis, D Foraker, E Fothergill, AW Ghannoum, MA Giacobbe, RA Gobernado, M Handke, R Laverdiere, M Lee-Yang, W Merz, WG Ostrosky-Zeichner, L Peman, J Perea, S Perfect, JR Pfaller, MA Proia, L Rex, JH Rinaldi, MG Rodriguez-Tudela, JL Schell, WA Shields, C Sutton, DA Verweij, PE Warnock, DW AF Odds, FC Motyl, M Andrade, R Bille, J Canton, E Cuenca-Estrella, M Davidson, A Durussel, C Ellis, D Foraker, E Fothergill, AW Ghannoum, MA Giacobbe, RA Gobernado, M Handke, R Laverdiere, M Lee-Yang, W Merz, WG Ostrosky-Zeichner, L Peman, J Perea, S Perfect, JR Pfaller, MA Proia, L Rex, JH Rinaldi, MG Rodriguez-Tudela, JL Schell, WA Shields, C Sutton, DA Verweij, PE Warnock, DW TI Interlaboratory comparison of results of susceptibility testing with caspofungin against Candida and Aspergillus species SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO ACTIVITY; MK-0991 L-743,872; ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; AMPHOTERICIN-B; ECHINOCANDIN; LY303366; RESISTANT; FUSARIUM; FUNGI; ETEST AB Seventeen laboratories participated in a study of interlaboratory reproducibility with caspofungin microdilution susceptibility testing against panels comprising 30 isolates of Candida spp. and 20 isolates of Aspergillus spp. The laboratories used materials supplied from a single source to determine the influence of growth medium (RPMI 1640 with or without glucose additions and antibiotic medium 3 [AM3]), the same incubation times (24 h and 48 h), and the same end point definition (partial or complete inhibition of growth) for the MIC of caspofungin. All tests were run in duplicate, and end points were determined both spectrophotometrically and visually. The results from almost all of the laboratories for quality control and reference Candida and Aspergillus isolates tested with fluconazole and itraconazole matched the NCCLS published values. However, considerable interlaboratory variability was seen in the results of the caspofungin tests. For Candida spp. the most consistent MIC data were generated with visual "prominent growth reduction" (MIC2) end points measured at 24 h in RPMI 1640, where 73.3% of results for the 30 isolates tested fell within a mode one dilution range across all 17 laboratories. MIC2 at 24 h in RPMI 1640 or AM3 also gave the best interlaboratory separation of Candida isolates of known high and low susceptibility to caspofungin. Reproducibility of MIC data was problematic for caspofungin tests with Aspergillus spp. under all conditions, but the minimal effective concentration end point, defined as the lowest caspofungin concentration yielding conspicuously aberrant hyphal growth, gave excellent reproducibility for data from 14 of the 17 participating laboratories. C1 Univ Aberdeen, Inst Med Sci, Aberdeen Fungal Grp, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland. Merck Res Labs, Whitehouse Stn, NJ USA. Univ Texas, Houston Med Sch, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Lausanne Hosp, Clin Microbiol Lab, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Hosp La Fe, Microbiol Serv, Valencia 46009, Spain. Inst Salud Carlos III, Natl Ctr Microbiol, Majadahonda 28220, Spain. Womens & Childrens Hosp, Mycol Unit, Adelaide, SA, Australia. Christiana Care Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Lab, Wilmington, DE 19801 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Fungus Testing Lab, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Med Mycol, Dept Dermatol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Hop Maison Neuve Rosemont, Dept Microbiol Infect Dis, Montreal, PQ H1T 2M4, Canada. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Sect, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. UMC St Radboud, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Odds, FC (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Inst Med Sci, Aberdeen Fungal Grp, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland. EM f.odds@abdn.ac.uk RI Ellis, David/B-3677-2011; Verweij, P.E./H-8108-2014; OI Peman, Javier/0000-0003-3222-5653 NR 26 TC 132 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 42 IS 8 BP 3475 EP 3482 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.8.3475-3482.2004 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 846AH UT WOS:000223286500015 PM 15297486 ER PT J AU de Aguirre, L Hurst, SF Choi, JS Shin, JH Hinrikson, HP Morrison, CJ AF de Aguirre, L Hurst, SF Choi, JS Shin, JH Hinrikson, HP Morrison, CJ TI Rapid differentiation of Aspergillus species from other medically important opportunistic molds and yeasts by PCR-enzyme immunoassay SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INVASIVE PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TRANSCRIBED SPACER REGIONS; STRAND CONFORMATIONAL POLYMORPHISM; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS SYSTEM; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE SAMPLES; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; REAL-TIME PCR; FUNGAL-INFECTIONS AB We developed a PCR-based assay to differentiate medically important species of Aspergillus from one another and from other opportunistic molds and yeasts by employing universal, fungus-specific primers and DNA probes in an enzyme immunoassay format (PCR-EIA). Oligonucleotide probes, directed to the internal transcribed spacer 2 region of ribosomal DNA from Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus ustus, and Aspergillus versicolor, differentiated 41 isolates (3 to 9 each of the respective species; P < 0.001) in a PCR-EIA detection matrix and gave no false-positive reactions with 33 species of Acremonium, Exophiala, Candida, Fusarium, Mucor, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Scedosporium, Sporothrix, or other aspergilli tested. A single DNA probe to detect all seven of the most medically important Aspergillus species (A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, A. niger, A. terreus, A. ustus, and A. versicolor) was also designed. Identification of Aspergillus species was accomplished within a single day by the PCR-EIA, and as little as 0.5 pg of fungal DNA could be detected by this system. In addition, fungal DNA extracted from tissues of experimentally infected rabbits was successfully amplified and identified using the PCR-EIA system. This method is simple, rapid, and sensitive for the identification of medically important Aspergillus species and for their differentiation from other opportunistic fungi. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Morrison, CJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cjm3@cdc.gov NR 72 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 42 IS 8 BP 3495 EP 3504 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.8.3495-3504.2004 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 846AH UT WOS:000223286500018 PM 15297489 ER PT J AU Gee, JE De, BK Levett, PN Whitney, AM Novak, RT Popovic, T AF Gee, JE De, BK Levett, PN Whitney, AM Novak, RT Popovic, T TI Use of 16S rRNA gene sequencing for rapid confirmatory identification of Brucella isolates SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARINE MAMMALS; UNITED-STATES; PCR ASSAY; DNA; ABORTUS; TOOL; MELITENSIS; AGENTS; DIFFERENTIATION; CLASSIFICATION AB Members of the genus Brucella are categorized as biothreat agents and pose a hazard for both humans and animals. Current identification methods rely on biochemical tests that may require up to 7 days for results. We sequenced the 16S rRNA genes of 65 Brucella strains along with 17 related strains likely to present a differential diagnostic challenge. All Brucella 16S rRNA gene sequences were determined to be identical and were clearly different from the 17 related strains, suggesting that 16S rRNA gene sequencing is a reliable tool for rapid genus-level identification of Brucella spp. and their differentiation from closely related organisms. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gee, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, MS-D11,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JGee1@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 65 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 42 IS 8 BP 3649 EP 3654 DI 10.1128/jcm.42.8.3649-3654.2004 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 846AH UT WOS:000223286500040 PM 15297511 ER PT J AU Brown, JM Pham, KN McNeil, MM Lasker, BA AF Brown, JM Pham, KN McNeil, MM Lasker, BA TI Rapid identification of Nocardia farcinica clinical isolates by a PCR assay targeting a 314-base-pair species-specific DNA fragment SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; ASTEROIDES COMPLEX; DIFFERENTIATION; INFECTIONS; PATTERNS; REVEALS; STRAINS; PRIMERS; PROBE AB Nocardia farcinica is the most clinically significant species within the Nocardia asteroides complex. Differentiation of N. farcinica from other members of N. asteroides complex is important because this species characteristically demonstrates resistance to several extended-spectrum antimicrobial agents. Traditional phenotypic characterization of this species is time- and labor-intensive and often leads to misidentification in the clinical microbiology laboratory. We previously observed a 409-bp product for all strains of N. farcinica by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis with the primer DKU49. In this investigation, the 409-bp fragment was sequenced and then used to design a specific primer pair, Nf1 (16-mer) and Nf2 (16-mer), complementary to the 409-bp fragment. PCR amplification of genomic DNA from 28 N. farcinica isolates with Nf1 and Nf2 generated a single intense 314-bp fragment. The specificity of the assay with these primers was verified, since there were no PCR amplification products observed from heterologous nocardial species (n = 59) or other related bacterial genera (n = 41). Restriction enzyme digestion using CfoI and direct sequencing of the 314-bp fragment further confirmed the specificity of the assay for N. farcinica. This highly sensitive and specific PCR assay provides a rapid (within 1 day of obtaining DNA) method for identification of this medically important emerging pathogen. Rapid diagnosis of N. farcinica infection may allow for earlier initiation of effective therapy, thus improving patient outcome. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brown, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Mail Stop G-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jmb6@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 42 IS 8 BP 3655 EP 3660 DI 10.1128/jcm.42.8.3655-3660.2004 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 846AH UT WOS:000223286500041 PM 15297512 ER PT J AU Hambuch, TM Handley, SA Ellis, B Chamberlin, J Romero, S Regnery, R AF Hambuch, TM Handley, SA Ellis, B Chamberlin, J Romero, S Regnery, R TI Population genetic analysis of Bartonella bacilliformis isolates from areas of Peru where Carrion's disease is endemic and epidemic SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OROYA FEVER; EVOLUTION; DIFFERENTIATION; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; HISTORY; VIRUSES; REGION; PCR AB Carrion's disease is caused by infection with the alpha-proteobacterium Bartonella bacilliformis. Distribution of the disease is considered coincident with the distribution of its known vector, the sand fly Lutzomyia verrucarum. Recent epidemics of B. bacilliformis infections associated with atypical symptomatology in nonendemic regions have raised questions regarding the historic and present distribution of this bacterium and the scope of disease that infection causes. Phylogenetic relationships and genomic diversity of 18 B. bacilliformis isolates (10 isolates from a region where Carrion's disease is epidemic, Cuzco, Peru, and 8 isolates from a region where Carrion's disease is endemic, Caraz, Peru) were assessed using genomic data generated by infrequent restriction site PCR and gene sequence analysis of the flagellin gltA and ialB genes. A population genetic analysis of the genomic diversity suggests that what was once considered an epidemic region of Peru did not result from the recent introduction of B. bacilliformis. C1 NCID, CDC, Poxvirus Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Regnery, R (reprint author), NCID, CDC, Poxvirus Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 clifton Rd,NE,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Rregnery@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 42 IS 8 BP 3675 EP 3680 DI 10.1128/jcm.42.8.3675-3680.2004 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 846AH UT WOS:000223286500045 PM 15297516 ER PT J AU Pillay, A Lewis, J Ballard, RC AF Pillay, A Lewis, J Ballard, RC TI Evaluation of Xenostrip-Tv, a rapid diagnostic test for Trichomonas vaginalis infection SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; URINE SPECIMENS; CULTURE; PCR; TRANSMISSION; WOMEN AB An immunochromatographic strip test, Xenostrip-Tv, was compared to wet mount and PCR for the diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in women. Of 428 specimens tested, 54 (12.6%) were positive by an "expanded gold standard," defined as either a positive wet mount and PCR test with primers TVK3 and TVK7 and/or a positive PCR test confirmed by a second PCR assay with primers TVA5-1 and TVA6; 26 (6%) were positive by wet mount, and 36 (8.4%) were positive by Xenostrip-Tv test. Since the Xenostrip-Tv test is rapid and easy to perform and proved to be more sensitive than wet mount, it should be considered as an alternative to wet mount for point-of-care diagnosis of trichomoniasis, especially in settings where microscopy is impractical. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sexually Transmitted Infect Branch, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pillay, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sexually Transmitted Infect Branch, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, NCHSTP, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-G39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Apillay@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 42 IS 8 BP 3853 EP 3856 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.8.3853-3856.2004 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 846AH UT WOS:000223286500077 PM 15297548 ER PT J AU Elliott, JA Thompson, TA Facklam, RR Slotved, HC AF Elliott, JA Thompson, TA Facklam, RR Slotved, HC TI Increased sensitivity of a latex agglutination method for serotyping group B streptococcus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CONJUGATE VACCINE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Statens Serum Inst, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Elliott, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM jae1@cdc.gov OI Slotved, Hans-Christian/0000-0002-7294-4911 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 42 IS 8 BP 3907 EP 3907 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.8.3907.2004 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 846AH UT WOS:000223286500094 PM 15297565 ER PT J AU Choi, BCK Orlova, A Marsh, M Issa, N Morrison, H AF Choi, BCK Orlova, A Marsh, M Issa, N Morrison, H TI Two information dissemination approaches for public health decision makers: encyclopaedia and fire alarm SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Hlth Canada, Populat & Publ Hlth Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 1B4, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Informat, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Publ Hlth Preparedness, Baltimore, MD USA. US EPA, Environm Hlth Sci Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Choi, BCK (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Populat & Publ Hlth Branch, AL 6701A,120 Colonnade Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 1B4, Canada. EM Bernard_Choi@hc-sc.gc.ca NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0143-005X J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD AUG PY 2004 VL 58 IS 8 BP 634 EP 634 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 837JM UT WOS:000222625400004 PM 15252063 ER PT J AU Duffy, SW Warwick, J Williams, ARW Keshavarz, H Kaffashian, F Rohan, TE Nili, F Sadeghi-Hassanabadi, A AF Duffy, SW Warwick, J Williams, ARW Keshavarz, H Kaffashian, F Rohan, TE Nili, F Sadeghi-Hassanabadi, A TI A simple model for potential use with a misclassified binary outcome in epidemiology SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN IRAN; MEASUREMENT ERROR; EXPOSURE; RISK; CERVICITIS; DISEASE; POPULATION; DISORDERS; WOMEN AB Study objective: Error in determination of disease outcome occurs in epidemiology, but such error is not usually corrected for in statistical analysis. A method of correction of risk estimates for misclassification of a binary disease outcome is developed here. Methods: The method is a simple, closed form correction to the logistic regression estimate. A closed form variance estimate is also developed. Setting: The method is illustrated in two studies, a cross sectional survey of cervicitis in Iran in 1996-97, as determined by inflammation on cervical smear specimens, and a case-cohort study of benign proliferative epithelial disease of the breast, in Canada 1980-88. Main results: The method provides corrected odds ratio estimates and corrects the spurious precision conferred by misclassification. Conclusions: The method is easy to apply and potentially useful, although potential failures of the assumptions involved should be borne in mind. It is necessary to give careful consideration to the plausibility or otherwise of the assumptions in the context of the individual study. Correction for misclassification of disease outcome may become more common with the development of readily applicable methods. C1 Queen Mary Univ London, Wolfson Inst Prevent Med, Canc Res UK Dept Epidemiol Math & Stat, London EC1M 6BQ, England. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Pathol, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Strangeways Res Lab, Canc Intelligence Unit, Cambridge CB1 4RN, England. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Bronx, NY USA. Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Shiraz, Iran. RP Duffy, SW (reprint author), Queen Mary Univ London, Wolfson Inst Prevent Med, Canc Res UK Dept Epidemiol Math & Stat, Charterhouse Sq, London EC1M 6BQ, England. EM stephen.duffy@cancer.org.uk RI Warwick, Jane/C-1739-2013 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0143-005X J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD AUG PY 2004 VL 58 IS 8 BP 712 EP 717 DI 10.1136/jech.2003.010546 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 837JM UT WOS:000222625400019 PM 15252078 ER PT J AU Hall, HI Jamison, PM Coughlin, SS Uhler, RJ AF Hall, HI Jamison, PM Coughlin, SS Uhler, RJ TI Breast and cervical cancer screening among Mississippi Delta women SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; cervical cancer; screening; women ID PREVENTIVE HEALTH-CARE; UNITED-STATES; SERVICES; MAMMOGRAPHY; URBAN; POPULATIONS; OLDER; AREAS AB The purpose of the study was to determine breast and cervical cancer screening among women living in the Mississippi Delta region. Using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for 1999-2000, we determined the prevalence of mammography (women 40 years and older, n = 6,028) and Pap testing (women 18 years and older, n = 6,502) within the past 2 or 3 years, respectively. We examined predictors of testing and compared results with those for women living elsewhere in the United States. Among Delta women, 69.4% (95% confidence interval [0] 67.9% to 70.9%) had a mammogram and 85.5% (95% CI 84.3% to 86.6%) a Pap test. Mammography prevalence was lower among black and white Delta women than among black and white women elsewhere. Pap testing was lower among older (65 years and older) Delta women or women who did not visit a doctor within the past year than among their counterparts elsewhere. Additional interventions are needed to meet the goals of Healthy People 2010 for all women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hall, HI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PD AUG PY 2004 VL 15 IS 3 BP 375 EP 389 DI 10.1353/hpu.2004.0042 PG 15 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 851QF UT WOS:000223699200007 PM 15453176 ER PT J AU Banyai, K Gentsch, JR Schipp, R Jakab, F Bene, J Melegh, B Glass, RI Szucs, G AF Banyai, K Gentsch, JR Schipp, R Jakab, F Bene, J Melegh, B Glass, RI Szucs, G TI Molecular epidemiology of human P[8],G9 rotaviruses in Hungary between 1998 and 2001 SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A ROTAVIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SEROTYPE G9; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; VACCINE DEVELOPMENT; PORCINE ROTAVIRUS; UNITED-KINGDOM; HIGH-FREQUENCY; NEW-DELHI AB Increasing numbers of studies have documented the widespread distribution of human G9 rotaviruses and demonstrated that these strains may represent a fifth epidemiologically important G serotype. Serotype G9 strains were identified in Hungary for the first time in the 1997-1998 rotavirus season. Contrary to numerous surveys that reported several unexpected P-G combinations among recent G9 isolates (e.g. genotypes P[4], P[6] and P[19]), all Hungarian strains characterized to date possess the globally most common P-type, P[8], which was found among the first G9 isolates that were identified during the 1980s in the USA (W161) and Japan (F45). To study the genetic variability within Hungarian G9 strains, RNA profile analysis and nucleotide sequencing were performed on a subset of samples that were collected between 1998 and 2001. These strains could be classified into four major RNA profiles, of which two were characteristic for epidemiologically major and two for epidemiologically minor G9 strains. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated substantial sequence differences between the VP7 gene of Hungarian G9 strains and early strains that were isolated in the USA (WI61), Japan (F45) and India (116E) and a few recently identified isolates, e.g. from China (97'SZ37) and the USA (OM67) (<90 % nucleotide sequence similarity). In contrast, the VP7 genes of Hungarian G9 strains were related very closely to the vast majority of G9 strains that were isolated in a variety of countries over the last several years (>96 % nucleotide sequence similarity). With respect to the VP4 gene, Hungarian G9 rotaviruses fell into two of the major genetic lineages of genotype P[8], one corresponding to the epidemic strains (lineage 11; P-like) and the other for two unique strains (lineage 1; Wa-like), suggesting independent introduction of distinct P[81,G9 strains into Hungary or genetic reassortment between locally circulating P[8] strains and descendants of G9 isolates that were imported into the country at an earlier time. The unexpected heterogeneity found for G9 VP7 genes from several countries suggests that genetic variation among these strains has not yet been fully explored. C1 State Publ Hlth Serv, Baranya Cty Inst, Reg Lab Virol, Pecs, Hungary. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enteroviruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Pecs, Fac Nat Sci, Dept Gen & Environm Microbiol, Pecs, Hungary. Univ Pecs, Fac Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Pecs, Hungary. Univ Pecs, Fac Med, Dept Med Genet & Child Dev, Pecs, Hungary. RP Banyai, K (reprint author), State Publ Hlth Serv, Baranya Cty Inst, Reg Lab Virol, Pecs, Hungary. EM bkrota@hotmail.com RI Jakab, Ferenc/B-1536-2016; OI Banyai, Krisztian/0000-0002-6270-1772 NR 68 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 53 IS 8 BP 791 EP 801 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.45603-0 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 849HF UT WOS:000223528600013 PM 15272068 ER PT J AU Morris, MC Evans, DA Bienias, JL Scherr, PA Tangney, CC Hebert, LE Bennett, DA Wilson, RS Aggarwal, N AF Morris, MC Evans, DA Bienias, JL Scherr, PA Tangney, CC Hebert, LE Bennett, DA Wilson, RS Aggarwal, N TI Dietary niacin and the risk of incident Alzheimer's disease and of cognitive decline SO JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; COMMUNITY POPULATION; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; SENILE DEMENTIA; DOUBLE-BLIND; NICERGOLINE; RATS; POLY(ADP-RIBOSE); VITAMIN-B-12; HOMOCYSTEINE AB Background: Dementia can be caused by severe niacin insufficiency, but it is unknown whether variation in intake of niacin in the usual diet is linked to neurodegenerative decline. We examined whether dietary intake of niacin was associated with incident Alzheimer's disease ( AD) and cognitive decline in a large, prospective study. Methods: This study was conducted in 1993 - 2002 in a geographically defined Chicago community of 6158 residents aged 65 years and older. Nutrient intake was determined by food frequency questionnaire. Four cognitive tests were administered to all study participants at 3 year intervals in a 6 year follow up. A total of 3718 participants had dietary data and at least two cognitive assessments for analyses of cognitive change over a median 5.5 years. Clinical evaluations were performed on a stratified random sample of 815 participants initially unaffected by AD, and 131 participants were diagnosed with 4 year incident AD by standardised criteria. Results: Energy adjusted niacin intake had a protective effect on development of AD and cognitive decline. In a logistic regression model, relative risks (95% confidence intervals) for incident AD from lowest to highest quintiles of total niacin intake were: 1.0 ( referent) 0.3 ( 0.1 to 0.6), 0.3 ( 0.1 to 0.7), 0.6 ( 0.3 to 1.3), and 0.3 ( 0.1 to 0.7) adjusted for age, sex, race, education, and ApoE e4 status. Niacin intake from foods was also inversely associated with AD ( p for linear trend = 0.002 in the adjusted model). In an adjusted random effects model, higher food intake of niacin was associated with a slower annual rate of cognitive decline, by 0.019 standardised units (SU) per natural log increase in intake (mg) ( p = 0.05). Stronger associations were observed in analyses that excluded participants with a history of cardiovascular disease (beta = 0.028 SU/year; p = 0.008), those with low baseline cognitive scores (beta = 0.023 SU/year; p = 0.02), or those with fewer than 12 years' education (beta = 0.035 SU/ year; p = 0.002) Conclusion: Dietary niacin may protect against AD and age related cognitive decline. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rush Inst Hlth Aging, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Internal Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rush Alzheimers Dis Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Nutr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol Sci, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Morris, MC (reprint author), Rush Inst Hlth Aging, 1645 W Jackson,Ste 675, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM martha_c_morris@rush.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG13170, AG11101] NR 49 TC 55 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 16 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0022-3050 J9 J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS JI J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2004 VL 75 IS 8 BP 1093 EP 1099 DI 10.1136/jnnp.2003.025858 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Surgery GA 838QJ UT WOS:000222727800004 PM 15258207 ER PT J AU Sweet, ND Burrough, GE Ewers, L Talaska, G AF Sweet, ND Burrough, GE Ewers, L Talaska, G TI A field method for near real-time analysis of perchloroethylene in end-exhaled breath SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE biological monitoring; exhaled breath; dry cleaning; perchloroethylene; real-time analysis ID TRICHLOROETHYLENE; AIR AB The field method for near real-time analysis of perchloroethylene (Perc) in breath is simple, fast, and reproducible for Perc breath analysis infield settings and should prove useful in industrial hygiene practice. The method allows Perc monitoring with good specificity to the sub-part per million (ppm) level within minutes of exposure. A commercially available, portable gas chromatograph with a photoionization detector was used in these analyses. Gas chromatograph settings were optimized in the laboratory for measurement of Perc in Tedlar(TM) bags. Laboratory development of the method included evaluation of the sensitivity, specificity, precision, and speed of analysis for Perc. Replicate aliquots of Perc at concentrations ranging front 0.01 to 100 ppm were used to construct a calibration curve. The mean retention time for Perc was 238 sec. The impact of potential interference by acetone, toluene, isoprene, methanol, ethanol, acetaldehyde, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, or chloroform was evaluated by mixing Perc with each compound and performing analyses. Measurements of Perc in human breath samples collected in Tedlar bags in a work-place setting were made and compared to measurements of the same samples made by an established analytical method using charcoal tubes (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH] Method 1003). The accuracy, precision, and speed of the gas chromatograph method were determined. Measurements made with the new method were within a margin of +/-8.8% (95% CI, n = 6) of measurements made according to NIOSH Method 1003 for field samples in the range of 0.9 to 6 ppm. Method precision was determined by calculating the pooled coefficient of variation for all measurements (replicates = 3) made in the field and was found to be 5.8%. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Burrough, GE (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM geb1@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 1 IS 8 BP 515 EP 520 DI 10.1080/15459620490472921 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 840MC UT WOS:000222861700004 PM 15238304 ER PT J AU Landen, D Wilkins, S Stephenson, M McWilliams, L AF Landen, D Wilkins, S Stephenson, M McWilliams, L TI Noise exposure and hearing loss among sand and gravel miners SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE hearing; miners; noise exposure ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; POPULATION NINEP; RISK AB The objectives of this study were to describe workplace noise exposures, risk factors for hearing loss, and hearing levels among sand and gravel miners, and to determine whether full shift noise exposures resulted in changes in hearing thresholds from baseline values. Sand and gravel miners (n = 317) were interviewed regarding medical history, leisure-time and occupational noise exposure, other occupational exposures, and use of hearing protection. Audiometric tests were performed both before the work shift (following a 12-hour noise-free interval) and immediately following the work shift. Full shift noise dosimetry was conducted. Miners' noise exposures exceeded the Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) for 69% of workers, and exceeded the Mine Safety and Health Administration's action level for enrollment in a hearing conservation program for 41% of workers. Significantly higher noise exposures occurred among employees of small companies, among workers with a job classification of truck driver among males, and among black workers. Hearing protection usage was low, with 48% of subjects reporting that they never used hearing protection. Hearing impairment, as defined by NIOSH, was present among 37% of 275 subjects with valid audiograms. Black male workers and white male workers had higher hearing thresholds than males from a comparison North Carolina population unexposed to industrial noise. Small but statistically significant changes in hearing thresholds occurred following full shift noise exposure among subjects who had good hearing sensitivity at baseline. In a logistic regression model, age and history of a past noisy job were significant predictors of hearing impairment. Overall, sand and gravel workers have excessive noise exposures and significant hearing loss, and demonstrate inadequate use of hearing protection. Well-designed hearing conservation programs, with reduction of noise exposure, are clearly needed. C1 NIOSH, Pittsburgh Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res, Durham, NC USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Landen, D (reprint author), NIOSH, Pittsburgh Res Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM dianden@cdc.gov RI Legarth, Jonas/A-9156-2012; Banks, Tamara/G-3007-2012 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 1 IS 8 BP 532 EP 541 DI 10.1080/15459620490476503 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 840MC UT WOS:000222861700006 PM 15238306 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Sullivan, JAS Galland, GG Barnwell, JW Nace, D Williams, A Williams, T Bounngaseng, A AF Collins, WE Sullivan, JAS Galland, GG Barnwell, JW Nace, D Williams, A Williams, T Bounngaseng, A TI Rio Meta strain of Plasmodium vivax in new world monkeys and anopheline mosquitoes SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB An archived strain of Plasmodium vivax, isolated from Rio Meta, northern Colombia, in 1972 was adapted to grow in splenectomized Aotus lemurinus griseimembra and A. nancymai monkeys. Anopheles freeborni, An. maculatus, An. dirus, An. culicifacies, and An. albimanus were shown to be susceptible to infection by feeding on infected monkeys. Infections were more readily obtained by feeding on A. l. griseimembra than on A. nancymai. Transmission through sporozoites was obtained in an A. l. griseimembra monkey after a prepatent period of 24 days. C1 US PHS, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anim Resources Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), US PHS, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wec1@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 90 IS 4 BP 685 EP 688 DI 10.1645/GE-3361 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 849EI UT WOS:000223521100003 PM 15357053 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Sullivan, JS Nace, D Williams, T Williams, A Galland, GG Barnwell, JW AF Collins, WE Sullivan, JS Nace, D Williams, T Williams, A Galland, GG Barnwell, JW TI Additional observations on the sporozoite transmission of Plasmodium knowlesi to monkeys SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WILD AFROTROPICAL ANOPHELES; AOTUS-TRIVIRGATUS MONKEYS; TRANSMITTED INVITRO; MALARIA SPOROZOITES; SAIMIRI MONKEYS; QUANTITATION; CYNOMOLGI; STRAIN; INFECTION; FRAGILE AB Saimiri boliviensis monkeys were infected by the intravenous injection of 50 sporozoites of the H strain of Plasmodium knowlesi dissected from the salivary glands of Anopheles dirus mosquitoes; prepatent periods were 11, 12, 13, 13, 13, and 16 days. Sporozoites of P. knowlesi stored frozen for 7 days, 53 days, 20 mo, 7 yr and 7 me, and 11 yr and 5 mo induced infections in Macaca mulatta monkeys with prepatent periods of 7, 6, 8, 10, and 7 days, respectively. After frozen storage for 11 yr and 5 me, infections were induced in S. boliviensis with prepatent periods of 10-13 days. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anim Resources Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wec1@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 90 IS 4 BP 866 EP 867 DI 10.1645/GE-3348RN PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 849EI UT WOS:000223521100036 PM 15357085 ER PT J AU Li, SL AF Li, SL TI Impact of northwest Atlantic SST anomalies on the circulation over the ural mountains during early winter SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSES; EQUILIBRIUM; OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; PERSISTENCE; REANALYSIS; MECHANISMS; CLIMATE AB Both the observed background circulation and the northwest Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) associated with the circulation anomaly over the Ural Mountains during early winter (October-December) are investigated, and it is shown that a positive height anomaly over the Urals is remotely linked to a positive SSTA by an upper wave-train-like anomaly chain across the North Atlantic and coastal Europe. To investigate whether and how the SSTA affects the circulation over the Urals, large-ensemble atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) experiments are conducted, and the results show that the SSTA forces a similar wave-train-like anomaly chain, resulting in a positive geopotential height anomaly over the Urals. The mechanism that maintains the response is diagnosed by investigating the roles of anomalous diabatic heating, and transient vorticity forcing, via a linear baroclinic model (LBM). The results suggest that the two upstream anomalies in the chain are largely maintained by anomalous transient vorticity forcing, although it is modulated by anomalous diabatic heating. In contrast, the Ural response is largely maintained by anomalous diabatic heating. To mimic the initial mechanism of the response, an idealized heating representing the initial SSTA-induced heating is prescribed. The LBM response to the idealized heating is obtained, and then transient feedback to the heating-induced anomalous flow is simulated, via a linear storm track model (STM). The LBM responses to the anomalous transient vorticity forcing resulting from the idealized heating resembles the GCM simulation upstream, but is not significant over the Urals. This suggests further that the Ural response is triggered, and maintained, by anomalous diabatic heating. C1 Univ Colorado, CIRES, CDC, NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Li, SL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, CDC, NOAA, R-CDC1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM shuanglin.li@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 30 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JPN PI TOKYO PA C/O JPN METEOROL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, JAPAN SN 0026-1165 J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 82 IS 4 BP 971 EP 988 DI 10.2151/jmsj.2004.971 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 862QE UT WOS:000224505000001 ER PT J AU Tallman, MS Lefebvre, P Baine, RM Shoji, M Cohen, I Green, D Kwaan, HC Paietta, E Rickles, FR AF Tallman, MS Lefebvre, P Baine, RM Shoji, M Cohen, I Green, D Kwaan, HC Paietta, E Rickles, FR TI Effects of all-trans retinoic acid or chemotherapy on the molecular regulation of systemic blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia SO JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article DE acute promyelocytic leukemia; coagulopathy ID DIFFERENTIATION THERAPY; TISSUE FACTOR; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; ARSENIC TRIOXIDE; CELLS; ALPHA; PROCOAGULANT; INDUCTION; REMISSION; UROKINASE AB We Studied the pathogenesis of the bleeding disorder in acute promyelocytic leukemia by measuring procoagulant, profibrinolytic, and proinflammatory mediators in peripheral blood and bone marrow cells from 25 previously untreated patients. Patients were induced with either all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or chemotherapy. Plasma levels of fibrinopeptide A (FPA), fibrin D-dimer, thrombin antithrombin (TAT) complex, prothrombin fragment 1.2 (F1.2), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator-inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) were measured before and after therapy, as was the cellular expression of the genes for tissue factor (TF) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). The mean plasma levels of fibrin D-dimer, F1.2, TAT and FPA were markedly elevated prior to therapy and declined during the first 30 days of treatment with either ATRA or chemotherapy, but more rapidly and to a greater extent in patients treated with ATRA. ATRA treatment was associated with a significant decrease in TF gene expression in bone marrow cells during the first 30 days of treatment, whereas IL-1beta gene expression, which decreased in the cells of six patients treated with either chemotherapy or ATRA, actually increased in the remaining six patients treated with either chemotherapy or ATRA. In patients with APL, treatment with either chemotherapy or ATRA rapidly ameliorates the coagulopathy, as indicated by an abrupt decline in markers of clotting activation. An increase in cytokine gene expression (e.g. IL-1beta) may provide an explanation for the persistent hypercoagulability observed in some patients with APL, regardless of therapeutic approach. Our data confirms and extends earlier observations by others that ATRA is more effective than chemotherapy alone in rapidly reducing the procoagulant burden of APL tumor cells. However, our data also suggests that cytokine expression in some patients may be accelerated by either chemotherapy or ATRA. The implications of this observation for understanding the retinoic acid syndrome will require further studies. C1 Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Med,Robert H Lurie Comprehens Canc Ctr, Div Hematol Oncol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Robert H Lurie Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Winship Canc Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. New York Med Coll, Our Lady Mercy Canc Ctr, Bronx, NY USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20037 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Tallman, MS (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Med,Robert H Lurie Comprehens Canc Ctr, Div Hematol Oncol, 676 N St Clair St,Suite 850, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM m-tallman@northwestern.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA17145, CA 22202, CA 60129, CA21115, CA22202, CA23318, CA60129, CA66636] NR 58 TC 78 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1538-7933 J9 J THROMB HAEMOST JI J. Thromb. Haemost. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 2 IS 8 BP 1341 EP 1350 DI 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2004.00787.x PG 10 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 846AJ UT WOS:000223286700023 PM 15304040 ER PT J AU Loparev, VN Gonzalez, A Deleon-Carnes, M Tipples, G Fickenscher, H Torfason, EG Schmid, DS AF Loparev, VN Gonzalez, A Deleon-Carnes, M Tipples, G Fickenscher, H Torfason, EG Schmid, DS TI Global identification of three major genotypes of Varicella-Zoster virus: Longitudinal clustering and strategies for genotyping SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; WILD-TYPE STRAINS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; DNA; VACCINE; SEQUENCE; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; GENOME; PCR AB By analysis of a single, variable, and short DNA sequence of 447 bp located within open reading frame 22 (ORF22), we discriminated three major varicella-zoster virus (VZV) genotypes. VZV isolates from all six inhabited continents that showed nearly complete homology to ORF22 of the European reference strain Dumas were assigned to the European (E) genotype. All Japanese isolates, defined as the Japanese (J) genotype, were identical in the respective genomic region and proved the most divergent from the E strains, carrying four distinct variations. The remaining isolates carried a combination of E- and J-specific variations in the target sequence and thus were collectively termed the mosaic (M) genotype. Three hundred twenty-six isolates collected in 27 countries were genotyped. A distinctive longitudinal distribution of VZV genotypes supports this approach. Among 111 isolates collected from European patients, 96.4% were genotype E. Consistent with this observation, approximately 80% of the VZV strains from the United States were also genotype E. Similarly, genotype E viruses were dominant in the Asian part of Russia and in eastern Australia. M genotype viruses were strongly dominant in tropical regions of Africa, Indochina, and Central America, and they were common in western Australia. However, genotype M viruses were also identified as a minority in several countries worldwide. Two major intertypic variations of genotype M strains were identified, suggesting that the M genotype can be further differentiated into subgenotypes. These data highlight the direction for future VZV genotyping efforts. This approach provides the first simple genotyping method for VZV strains in clinical samples. C1 CDC, NCID, DVRD, Natl VZV Lab,Herpesvirus Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Univ Heidelberg, Dept Virol, Heidelberg, Germany. Landspitali Univ Hosp, Dept Med Virol, Reykjavik, Iceland. RP Loparev, VN (reprint author), CDC, NCID, DVRD, Natl VZV Lab,Herpesvirus Sect, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM vn10@cdc.gov; dss1@cdc.gov RI Fickenscher, Helmut/A-3004-2010 NR 47 TC 90 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 78 IS 15 BP 8349 EP 8358 DI 10.1128/jvi.78.15.8349-8358.2004 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 839AL UT WOS:000222755600050 PM 15254207 ER PT J AU Krug, LT Pozharskaya, VP Yu, YM Inoue, N Offermann, MK AF Krug, LT Pozharskaya, VP Yu, YM Inoue, N Offermann, MK TI Inhibition of infection and replication of human herpesvirus 8 in microvascular endothelial cells by alpha interferon and phosphonoformic acid SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED-HERPESVIRUS; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR; MULTICENTRIC CASTLEMANS-DISEASE; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PRIMARY EFFUSION LYMPHOMA; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; KS PRIMARY LESIONS; DE-NOVO INFECTION AB Infection of endothelial cells with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is an essential event in the development of Kaposi's sarcoma. When primary microvascular endothelial cells (MECs) were infected with HHV-8 at a low multiplicity of infection, considerable latent replication of HHV-8 occurred, leading to a time-dependent increase in the percentage of virus-infected cells that was accompanied by cellular spindling and growth to a high density with loss of contact inhibition. Only a low percentage of MECs supported lytic replication of HHV-8 and produced infectious virus. Phosphonoformic acid blocked production of infectious virus but did not inhibit the rapid expansion of latently infected MECs. Pretreatment of MECs with alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) prior to infection effectively reduced HHV-8 viral gene expression, latent replication, and production of infectious virus. High levels of the double-stranded RNA activated protein kinase (PKR) were expressed in HHV-8-infected cells, and incubation with IFN-alpha increased PKR expression more in virus-infected cells than in uninfected cells. MECs that were immortalized with simian virus 40 large-T antigen differed from non-immortalized MECs in their response to infection with HHV-8 and demonstrated that cells with elevated levels of expression of antiviral transcripts expressed viral transcripts at reduced levels. These studies demonstrate that MECs respond to HHV-8 with enhanced expression of cellular antiviral genes and that augmentation of innate antiviral defenses with IFN-alpha is a more effective strategy than inhibition of viral lytic replication to protect MECs from infection with HHV-8 and to restrict proliferation of virus-infected MECs. C1 Emory Univ, Winship Canc Inst, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Offermann, MK (reprint author), Emory Univ, Winship Canc Inst, 1365-B Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mofferm@emory.edu OI Krug, Laurie/0000-0002-9648-522X FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA79402]; NIAMS NIH HHS [P30 AR042687, P30 AR42687]; NIGMS NIH HHS [K12 GM000680, K12-GM000680] NR 92 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 78 IS 15 BP 8359 EP 8371 DI 10.1128/jvi.78.15.8359-8371.2004 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 839AL UT WOS:000222755600051 PM 15254208 ER PT J AU Gerrard, SR Li, L Barrett, AD Nichol, ST AF Gerrard, SR Li, L Barrett, AD Nichol, ST TI Ngari virus is a Bunyamwera virus reassortant that can be associated with large outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in Africa SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIFT-VALLEY FEVER; HANTAVIRUS-PULMONARY-SYNDROME; M-SEGMENT; GENETIC REASSORTMENT; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; EGYPT 1977-78; S-SEGMENT; BUNYAVIRUS; EVOLUTION; RECOMBINATION AB Two isolates of a virus of the genus Orthobunyavirus (family Bunyaviridae) were obtained from hemorrhagic fever cases during a large disease outbreak in East Africa in 1997 and 1998. Sequence analysis of regions of the three genomic RNA segments of the virus (provisionally referred to as Garissa virus) suggested that it was a genetic reassortant virus with S and L segments derived from Bunyamwera virus but an M segment from an unidentified virus of the genus Orthobunyavirus. While high genetic diversity (52%) was revealed by analysis of virus M segment nucleotide sequences obtained from 21 members of the genus Orthobunyavirus, the Garissa and Ngari virus M segments were almost identical. Surprisingly, the Ngari virus L and S segments showed high sequence identity with those of Bunyamwera virus, showing that Garissa virus is an isolate of Ngari virus, which in turn is a Bunyamwera virus reassortant. Ngari virus should be considered when investigating hemorrhagic fever outbreaks throughout sub-Saharan Africa. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infect Dis, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Pathol, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM snichol@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 43336] NR 41 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 78 IS 16 BP 8922 EP 8926 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.16.8922-8926.2004 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 843AH UT WOS:000223046000052 PM 15280501 ER PT J AU Stephenson, I Nicholson, KG Wood, JM Zambon, MC Katz, JM AF Stephenson, I Nicholson, KG Wood, JM Zambon, MC Katz, JM TI Confronting the avian influenza threat: vaccine development for a potential pandemic SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID A H5N1 VIRUS; TO-HUMAN TRANSMISSION; HONG-KONG; SOUTHEASTERN CHINA; A/DUCK/SINGAPORE/97 VACCINE; MF59-ADJUVANTED INFLUENZA; HETEROSUBTYPIC IMMUNITY; PROTEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE; RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE AB Sporadic human infection with avian influenza viruses has raised concern that reassortment between human and avian subtypes could generate viruses of pandemic potential. Vaccination is the principal means to combat the impact of influenza. During an influenza pandemic the immune status of the population would differ from that which exists during interpandemic periods. An emerging pandemic virus will create a surge in worldwide vaccine demand and new approaches in immunisation strategies may be needed to ensure optimum protection of unprimed individuals when vaccine antigen may be limited. The manufacture of vaccines from pathogenic avian influenza viruses by traditional methods is not feasible for safety reasons as well as technical issues. Strategies adopted to overcome these issues include the use of reverse genetic systems to generate reassortant strains, the use of baculovirus-expressed haemagglutinin or related non-pathogenic avian influenza strains, and the use of adjuvants to enhance immunogenicity. In clinical trials, conventional surface-antigen influenza virus vaccines produced from avian viruses have proved poorly immunogenic in immunologically naive populations. Adjuvanted or whole-virus preparations may improve immunogenicity and allow sparing of antigen. C1 Leicester Royal Infirm, Univ Hosp Leicester NHS Trust, Infect Dis Unit, Leicester LE1 5WW, Leics, England. Univ Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. RP Stephenson, I (reprint author), Leicester Royal Infirm, Univ Hosp Leicester NHS Trust, Infect Dis Unit, Leicester LE1 5WW, Leics, England. EM istephen@globalnet.co.uk NR 104 TC 133 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 19 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 4 IS 8 BP 499 EP 509 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01105-3 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 842IB UT WOS:000222995900020 PM 15288823 ER PT J AU Roux, L Ubach, C Donaldson, C Ryan, M AF Roux, L Ubach, C Donaldson, C Ryan, M TI Valuing the benefits of weight loss programs: An application of the discrete choice experiment SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY MAY 28, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Sports Med DE discrete choice experiment; willingness to pay; process of care; weight loss ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; CONJOINT-ANALYSIS; HEALTH-CARE; OBESITY; PREFERENCES; SURGERY; ADULTS; COSTS AB Objective: Obesity is a leading health threat. Determination of optimal therapies for long-term weight loss remains a challenge. Evidence suggests that successful weight loss depends on the compliance of weight loss program participants with their weight loss efforts. Despite this, little is known regarding the attributes influencing such compliance. The purpose of this study was to assess, using a discrete choice experiment (DCE), the relative importance of weight loss program attributes to its participants and to express these preferences in terms of their willingness to pay for them. Research Methods: A DCE survey explored the following weight loss program attributes in a sample of 165 overweight adults enrolled in community weight loss programs: cost, travel time required to attend, extent of physician involvement (e.g., none, monthly, every 2 weeks), components (e.g., diet, exercise, behavior change) emphasized, and focus (e.g., group, individual). The rate at which participants were willing to trade among attributes and the willingness to pay for different configurations of combined attributes were estimated using regression modeling. Results: All attributes investigated appeared to be statistically significant. The most important unit change was "program components emphasized" (e.g., moving from diet only to diet and exercise). Discussion: The majority of participants were willing to pay for weight loss programs that reflected their preferences. The DCE tool was useful in quantifying and understanding individual preferences in obesity management and provided information that could help to maximize the efficiency of existing weight loss programs or the design of new programs. C1 Univ Calgary, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Aberdeen, Hlth Econ Res Unit, Aberdeen, Scotland. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Dept Econ, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Roux, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, 5612 Elm St, Vancouver, BC V6N 1A4, Canada. EM lpr9@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1342 EP 1351 DI 10.1038/oby.2004.169 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 851MF UT WOS:000223688500020 PM 15340118 ER PT J AU Biagini, RE Sammons, DL Smith, JP Page, EH Snawder, JE Striley, CAF MacKenzie, BA AF Biagini, RE Sammons, DL Smith, JP Page, EH Snawder, JE Striley, CAF MacKenzie, BA TI Determination of serum IgG antibodies to Bacillus anthracis protective antigen in environmental sampling workers using a fluorescent covalent microsphere immunoassay SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT; NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; ASSAY; TOXIN; BIOTERRORISM; INFECTION; IMMUNITY; VACCINE; SPORES AB Aims: To evaluate potential exposure to Bacillis anthracis (Ba) spores in sampling/decontamination workers in the aftermath of an anthrax terror attack. Methods: Fifty six serum samples were obtained from workers involved in environmental sampling for Ba spores at the American Media, Inc. ( AMI) building in Boca Raton, FL after the anthrax attack there in October 2001. Nineteen sera were drawn from individuals both pre-entry and several weeks after entrance into the building. Nine sera each were drawn from unique individuals at the pre-entry and follow up blood draws. Thirteen donor control sera were also evaluated. Individuals were surveyed for Ba exposure by measurement of serum Ba anti-protective antigen (PA) specific IgG antibodies using a newly developed fluorescent covalent microsphere immunoassay (FCMIA). Results: Four sera gave positive anti-PA IgG results ( defined as anti- PA IgG concentrations greater than or equal to the mean mg/ml anti-PA IgG from donor control sera (n = 13 plus 2 SD which were also inhibited greater than or equal to 85% when the serum was pre-adsorbed with PA). The positive sera were the pre-entry and follow up samples of two workers who had received their last dose of anthrax vaccine in 2000. Conclusion: It appears that the sampling/decontamination workers of the present study either had insufficient exposure to Ba spores to cause the production of anti- PA IgG antibodies or they were exposed to anthrax spores without producing antibody. The FCMIA appears to be a fast, sensitive, accurate, and precise method for the measurement of anti- PA IgG antibodies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Res & Technol, NIOSH, US Dept HHS,PHS, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, NIOSH, US Dept HHS,PHS, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Biagini, RE (reprint author), CDC, Div Appl Res & Technol, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Biol Monitoring Lab Sect,NIOSH,Robert A Taft Labs, MS C-26,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM rbiagini@cdc.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y02ES10189] NR 29 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 61 IS 8 BP 703 EP 708 DI 10.1136/oem.2003.008565 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 838HN UT WOS:000222704200014 PM 15258278 ER PT J AU Graczyk, TK Conn, DB Lucy, F Minchin, D Tamang, L Moura, LNS DaSilva, AJ AF Graczyk, TK Conn, DB Lucy, F Minchin, D Tamang, L Moura, LNS DaSilva, AJ TI Human waterborne parasites in zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) from the Shannon River drainage area, Ireland SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TARGETED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBE; SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; ST-LAWRENCE-RIVER; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; ENCEPHALITOZOON-INTESTINALIS; NORTHERN-IRELAND; SURFACE-WATER AB Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) from throughout the Shannon River drainage area in Ireland were tested for the anthropozoonotic waterborne parasites Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, E. hellem, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi, by the multiplexed combined direct immunofluorescent antibody and fluorescent in situ hybridization method, and PCR. Parasite transmission stages were found at 75% of sites, with the highest mean concentration of 16, nine, and eight C. parvum oocysts, G. lamblia cysts, and Encephalitozoon intestinalis spores/mussel, respectively. On average eight Enterocytozoon bieneusi spores/mussel were recovered at any selected site. Approximately 80% of all parasites were viable and thus capable of initiating human infection. The Shannon River is polluted with serious emerging human waterborne pathogens including C. parvum, against which no therapy exists. Zebra mussels can recover and concentrate environmentally derived pathogens and can be used for the sanitary assessment of water quality. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Berry Coll, Sch Math & Nat Sci, Mt Berry, GA 30149 USA. Inst Technol, Sch Sci, Sligo, Ireland. Marine Organism Investigat, Killaloe, Clare, Ireland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US PHS, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Graczyk, TK (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM tgraczyk@jhsph.edu NR 49 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 93 IS 5 BP 385 EP 391 DI 10.1007/s00436-004-1142-4 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 842OG UT WOS:000223013100007 PM 15221465 ER PT J AU Whitney, CG AF Whitney, CG TI Cochlear implants and meningitis in children SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE cochlear implants; meningitis ID INNER-EAR ABNORMALITIES; RECURRENT MENINGITIS; MONDINI-DYSPLASIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Whitney, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 23 IS 8 BP 767 EP 768 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000136818.94301.db PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 847KO UT WOS:000223391400012 PM 15295228 ER PT J AU Nelson, LJ Schneider, E Wells, CD Moore, M AF Nelson, LJ Schneider, E Wells, CD Moore, M TI Epidemiology of childhood tuberculosis in the United States, 1993-2001: The need for continued vigilance SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; tuberculosis; children; pediatrics ID NEW-YORK-CITY; PEDIATRIC TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; CHILDREN; DIAGNOSIS; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; COMPLETENESS AB Objective. To describe trends and highlight epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of childhood tuberculosis ( TB) in the United States. Methods. All verified TB cases reported to the national TB surveillance system from 1993 to 2001 were included. A child was defined as a person younger than 15 years. Results. A total of 11 480 childhood TB cases were reported. Case rates (TB cases/100 000 population) in all children declined from 2.9 (n = 1663) in 1993 to 1.5 (n = 931) in 2001. Among children, those who were younger than 5 years had the highest rate. California, Texas, and New York accounted for 48% of all childhood TB cases. In 2001, TB case rates were higher for foreign-born (12.2) than US-born children (1.1). Hispanic and non-Hispanic black children accounted for nearly three quarters of all cases. Twenty-four percent of children with TB were foreign-born children, with the largest number originating from Mexico (39.8%), the Philippines (8.6%), and Vietnam (5.7%). Most children had evidence of pulmonary TB disease (78.9%). Among culture-positive cases without previous TB, drug resistance to at least isoniazid was 7.3% and to isoniazid and rifampin was 1.6%. In 1999, 82.9% of children received directly observed therapy for at least part of their treatment and 94.8% completed treatment. Conclusions. Although the overall TB case number among children is declining in the United States, certain groups of children (eg, younger children, racial and ethnic minorities, foreign-born) are at higher risk for TB. As the United States moves toward the elimination of TB, future efforts should endeavor to prevent all cases of childhood TB. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nelson, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lbn9@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2004 VL 114 IS 2 BP 333 EP 341 DI 10.1542/peds.114.2.333 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 842YG UT WOS:000223040000001 PM 15286213 ER PT J AU Zhou, WG Pool, V DeStefano, F Iskander, JK Haber, P Chen, RT AF Zhou, WG Pool, V DeStefano, F Iskander, JK Haber, P Chen, RT CA VAERS Working Grp TI A potential signal of Bell's palsy after parenteral inactivated influenza vaccines: reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) - United States, 1991-2001 SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article DE vaccine adverse event; vaccine safety; Bell's palsy; influenza vaccine AB Purpose Post-licens are experience with a new intranasal inactivated influenza vaccine in Switzerland recently identified an increased risk for Bell's palsy. We reviewed reports in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) to assess if parenteral inactivated influenza vaccines (influenza vaccines) may also increase the risk for Bell's palsy. Methods Reports of Bell's palsy after influenza vaccines in VAERS from 1/1/1991 to 12/31/2001 were identified by searching the Coding Symbols for Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction Terms (COSTART) for 'paralysis facial' and by text string search in the at tomated database. The text descriptions on each report were reviewed to verify the diagnosis. The proportional reporting ratio (PRR) was calculated to aid signal detection. Results We found a total of 197 reports of Bell's palsy after receipt of influenza vaccines. The diagnosis was verified for 154 (78.2%), of which 145 (94.2%) had received influenza vaccines alone. The verified reports were submitted from 35 states; 58% of the reports involved persons living in states where the risk of Lyme disease, which can also cause facial paralysis, was low, minimal or none. The PRRs in all age groups exceeded the criteria for a signal of possible association. The highest PRR was 3.91 in the greater than or equal to65 years age group. Conclusions Our findings revealed a signal of possible association between influenza vaccines and an increased risk of Bell's palsy. A population-based controlled study is needed to determine whether this association could be causal and to quantify the risk. Published in 2004 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zhou, WG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM waz6@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 13 IS 8 BP 505 EP 510 DI 10.1002/pds.998 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 850WZ UT WOS:000223646400003 PM 15317028 ER PT J AU Zhou, WG Pool, V DeStefano, F Iskander, JK Haber, P Chen, RT AF Zhou, WG Pool, V DeStefano, F Iskander, JK Haber, P Chen, RT TI Clinical judgment, common sense and adverse reaction reporting - Reply to the editorial SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zhou, WG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM waz6@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 13 IS 8 BP 515 EP 517 DI 10.1002/pds.1000 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 850WZ UT WOS:000223646400005 ER PT J AU Grainger, J Huang, WL Li, Z Edwards, S Walcott, C Smith, C Turner, W Wang, R Patterson, DG AF Grainger, J Huang, WL Li, Z Edwards, S Walcott, C Smith, C Turner, W Wang, R Patterson, DG TI Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon reference range levels in the US population by measurement of urinary monohydroxy metabolites SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds CY SEP 21-25, 2003 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE gas chromatography mass spectrometry; isotope-dilution mass spectrometry; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon monohydroxy metabolites; reference range ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; COKE PLANT WORKERS; PYRENE METABOLITES; INTERNAL EXPOSURE; OVEN WORKERS; 1-HYDROXYPYRENE; PHENANTHRENE; BENZOPYRENE; ADDUCTS; PAH AB We developed a gas chromatography/isotope dilution high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC/ID-HRMS) method for measuring 18 PAH metabolites representing 8 parent PAHs in 3 mL of urine at low part-per-trillion levels. We applied this method to the analysis of urine specimens from approximately 2400 people who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the years 1999 and 2000 to determine levels for 14 PAH hydroxy metabolites of 7 parent compounds. Using this GC/ID-HRMS method, we found detectable concentrations for monohydroxy metabolite isomers of fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene, and for chrysene, benzo[c]phenanthrene, and benz[a]anthracene. Some monohydroxy metabolite isomers of chrysene, benzo[c]phenanthrene, and benz[a]anthracene exhibited low detection frequencies which did not allow for geometric mean calculations. From our study, we established a reference range for the targeted PAHs in the general U.S. population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Grainger, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, F17,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jag2@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1040-6638 J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd. PD AUG-DEC PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4-5 BP 385 EP 404 DI 10.1080/10406630490468612 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 857PC UT WOS:000224129800017 ER PT J AU Saraiya, M Hall, HI Thompson, T Hartman, A Glanz, K Rimer, B Rose, D AF Saraiya, M Hall, HI Thompson, T Hartman, A Glanz, K Rimer, B Rose, D TI Skin cancer screening among US adults from 1992, 1998, and 2000 National Health Interview Surveys SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE skin cancer; screening; surveys ID SUN-PROTECTION BEHAVIORS; UNITED-STATES; PRIMARY PREVENTION; AMERICAN-ACADEMY; PRIMARY-CARE; MELANOMA; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; POLICY; BARRIERS AB Background. Relatively little is known about the prevalence of skin cancer screening in the context of inconsistent skin cancer screening recommendations. Methods. To determine the prevalence and predictors of skin cancer screening rates in the U.S. adult population, we used self-reported data from the 1992, 1998, and 2000 National Health Interview Surveys, a nationally representative survey of civilian noninstitutionalized adults. Results. The percentage of the U.S. adult population who had ever had a skin examination conducted by a doctor was 20.6% in 1992, 20.9% in 1998, and 14.5% in 2000. The percentage with a recent skin examination was 10.3% in 1992, 11.0% in 1998, and 8.0% in 2000. White non-Hispanics reported being screened more frequently than persons in other racial or ethnic groups. Recent skin cancer screening exams were more common among white persons who bad a family history of melanoma, had higher education, bad usual place of care, and were older (greater than or equal to50 years). Frequent use of sunscreen and hats was associated with a recent skin cancer exam. Conclusions. In the past decade, skin cancer screening rates have been consistently low. Continued monitoring of skin cancer examination is important given conflicting current research results and potentially evolving science. Published by The Institute For Cancer Prevention and Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Interview Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Saraiya, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM msaraiya@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 39 IS 2 BP 308 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.04.022 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 839TO UT WOS:000222808000011 PM 15226039 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Maranon, M Cox, NJ Bush, RM AF Rodriguez-Maranon, M Cox, NJ Bush, RM TI Evolution of the hemagglutinin of human influenza A virus subtype H3: Temporal changes associated with antibody and receptor binding sites SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Symposium of the Protein-Society CY AUG 14-18, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Protein Soc, Abbott Lab Fund, Amer Peptide Soc, Amgen, Biogen Idec, DARPA, Eli Lilly & Co, Eli Lilly Res Labs, Biotechnol Discovery Res, Genencor Int, Genentech Inc, Merck Res Labs, Natl Sci Fdn, NIH, New England BioLabs, Novartis Inst Biomed Res, Pfizer Inc, Protein Soc Educ Comm, Protein Soc Young Protein Sci Comm, Roche Pharmaceut, Sunesis Pharmaceut Inc C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 13 SU 1 MA 412 BP 185 EP 186 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 866TL UT WOS:000224796100413 ER PT J AU Reissman, DB Klomp, RW Kent, AT Pfefferbaum, B AF Reissman, DB Klomp, RW Kent, AT Pfefferbaum, B TI Exploring psychological resilience in the face of terrorism SO PSYCHIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS; SEPTEMBER 11; NEW-YORK; ATTACKS; SEQUELAE; PREVENTION; MECHANISMS; RESPONSES; MORBIDITY; DISORDER C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US PHS, Washington, DC 20201 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. Natl Ctr Child Traumat Stress, Terrorism & Disaster Branch, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Reissman, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, CDC, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 7 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0048-5713 J9 PSYCHIAT ANN JI Psychiatr. Ann. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 34 IS 8 BP 626 EP 632 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 845OH UT WOS:000223253700011 ER PT J AU Cooper, M Safran, M Eberhardt, M AF Cooper, M Safran, M Eberhardt, M TI Caffeine consumption among adults on benzodiazepine therapy: United States 1988-1994 SO PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY; PATTERNS AB The concomitant use of benzodiazepines and caffeine was studied to learn if caffeine consumption varied as a function of benzodiazepine use. Caffeine may antagonize the effects of benzodiazepine and even relatively small amounts can aggravate symptoms associated with anxiety disorders. In addition, caffeine can cause or aggravate insomnia, one of the main reasons cited for use by the subjects in this analysis. Given this, there would seem to be sufficient reason for at least some users of benzodiazepines to consider, with their physicians, avoiding or limiting caffeine consumption. Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed to obtain a nationally representative sample of benzodiazepine users. Subjects included 253 individuals (64% women) whose median age was 54 yr. Approximately 88% of benzodiazepine users reported caffeine consumption in the 24-hr. Dietary Recall. 26% of benzodiazepine users and 23% of nonusers reported consuming greater than 250 mg of caffeine during the 24-hr. reference period. In regression analyses, no significant relationships were found between reported caffeine consumption and benzodiazepine use. This study suggests that users and nonusers of benzodiazepines ingest similar amounts of caffeine even though some users should probably avoid or limit caffeine use. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Cooper, M (reprint author), 710A S Perth St, Philadelphia, PA 19147 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS PI MISSOULA PA P O BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 USA SN 0033-2941 J9 PSYCHOL REP JI Psychol. Rep. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 95 IS 1 BP 183 EP 191 DI 10.2466/pr0.95.1.183-191 PG 9 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 851LE UT WOS:000223685800024 PM 15460374 ER PT J AU Angulo, FJ Nunnery, JA Bair, HD AF Angulo, FJ Nunnery, JA Bair, HD TI Antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic enteric pathogens SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE agriculture; antimicrobial; campylobacter; fluoroquinolone; food animal; foodborne; resistance; salmonella ID SEROTYPE TYPHIMURIUM DT104; AMPC BETA-LACTAMASE; UNITED-STATES; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; FOOD ANIMALS; SALMONELLA INFECTION; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIBIOTIC USE AB Antimicrobial resistance is a zoonotic health threat. As in humans, the use of antimicrobial agents in animals results in the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria. Resistant bacteria from animals may be passed to humans via the food chain or direct animal contact, and may result in resistant infections. Increasing prevalence of resistance to antimicrobial agents such as fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins, which are important for the treatment of infections caused by enteric pathogens, has significant public health implications. Controlling the spread of resistance requires the collaboration of several partners, including the farming, veterinary, medical, and public health communities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrhea Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Angulo, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrhea Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 86 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 11 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 23 IS 2 BP 485 EP 496 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 886LS UT WOS:000226229400007 PM 15702715 ER PT J AU King, LJ Marano, N Hughes, JM AF King, LJ Marano, N Hughes, JM TI New partnerships between animal health services and public health agencies SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE animal health convergence emerging infectious disease international co-operation; multidisciplinary team; public health; strategic partnership; zoonosis ID REEMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; EMERGING ZOONOSES; EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRANSITION; PANDEMIC THREAT; H5N1 INFLUENZA AB As Veterinary Services and animal health organisations attempt to respond to a new era of emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases, their ability and skill in forming new strategic partnerships will be paramount. While these new partnerships are likely to include many relationships outside traditional Veterinary Services and animal agriculture, none will become more important than the formation of new animal health and public health partnerships. Episodes of emerging zoonoses are being increasingly recognised around the world and the confluence of people, animals and animal products today is unprecedented. Concurrently, a wide array of complex factors are also converging that will not only ensure the continuous emergence of zoonoses, but are also likely to drive the further increase and expansion of these diseases. This article discusses the need for the creation of more effective and co-operative partnerships in the face of new microbial threats, the complexity of both the formation and expansion of zoonoses, and the collective abilities of both human and animal health services to respond to them. Lessons learned from recent zoonotic epidemics support the need for co-ordinated research, interdisciplinary centres, integrated surveillance systems, response systems and infrastructures, and workforce development strategies. While there are some excellent examples of collaborative animal and public health relationships, there is no question that more and stronger partnerships among national and international organisations, both academic and private, will be necessary to meet the future challenges of emerging zoonoses and to manage their profound implications. C1 Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Vet Med Ctr G100, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP King, LJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Vet Med Ctr G100, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 23 IS 2 BP 717 EP 725 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 886LS UT WOS:000226229400023 PM 15702731 ER PT J AU Bolu, OO Lindsey, C Kamb, ML Kent, C Zenilman, J Douglas, JM Malotte, CK Rogers, J Peterman, TA AF Bolu, OO Lindsey, C Kamb, ML Kent, C Zenilman, J Douglas, JM Malotte, CK Rogers, J Peterman, TA CA Project Respect Study Grp TI Is HIV/sexually transmitted disease prevention counseling effective among vulnerable populations? A subset analysis of data collected for a randomized, controlled trial evaluating counseling efficacy (Project RESPECT) SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 129th Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY OCT 21-25, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Publ Hlth Assoc ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; UNITED-STATES; STD CLINICS; CONDOM USE; WOMEN; RISK; EDUCATION; POSTTEST AB Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate counseling efficacy among high-risk groups. Study: We conducted a subset analysis of data collected from July 1993 through September 1996 during a randomized, controlled trial (Project RESPECT). Participants (n = 4328) from 5 public U.S. sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics were assigned to enhanced counseling, brief counseling, or educational messages. For 9 subgroups (sex, age, city, education, prior HIV test, STD at enrollment, race/ ethnicity, injection drug use, exchanging sex for money/drugs), we compared STD outcomes for those assigned either type of counseling with STD outcomes for those assigned educational messages. Results: After 12 months, all subgroups assigned counseling (brief or enhanced) had fewer STDs than those assigned educational messages. STD incidence was similar for most subgroups assigned enhanced or brief counseling. All subgroups had an appreciable number of STDs prevented per 100 persons counseled, especially adolescents (9.4 per 100) and persons with STD at enrollment (8.4 per 100). Conclusions: HIV/STD prevention counseling (brief or enhanced counseling) resulted in fewer STDs than educational messages for all subgroups of STD clinic clients, including high-risk groups such as adolescents and persons with STDs at enrollment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. San Francisco Hlth Dept, San Francisco, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Baltimore City Dept Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Denver Publ Hlth & Colorado Dept Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Lond Beach Hlth Dept, Long Beach, CA USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. Newark STD Clin, Newark, NJ USA. New Jersey Hlth Dept, Trenton, NJ USA. RP Bolu, OO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM obb3@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 6 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 31 IS 8 BP 469 EP 474 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000135987.12346.f2 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 841CI UT WOS:000222906500005 PM 15273579 ER PT J AU Choi, KH Mcfarland, W Neilands, TB Nguyen, S Louie, B Secura, GM Behel, S Mackellar, D Valleroy, L AF Choi, KH Mcfarland, W Neilands, TB Nguyen, S Louie, B Secura, GM Behel, S Mackellar, D Valleroy, L TI An opportunity for prevention - Prevalence, incidence, and sexual risk for HIV among young Asian and Pacific Islander men who have sex with men, San Francisco SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNPROTECTED ANAL INTERCOURSE; BISEXUAL MEN; DRUG-USE; INFECTION; GAY; SEROPREVALENCE; AMERICANS; BEHAVIORS; HEALTH; STD AB Objectives: We investigated HIV prevalence and incidence and related risk factors among young Asian and Pacific Islander (API) men who have sex with men (MSM). Design: We conducted a cross-sectional survey. Methods: A venue-based sample of 496 young API MSM in San Francisco completed face-to-face questionnaires and received HIV counseling and testing. Results: HIV prevalence was 2.6% and annualized HIV incidence was 1.8% per year. In multivariate analysis, being American-born, having 51+ lifetime sex partners, and having attended a "'circuit party" (multiday large MSM gatherings) were associated with HIV infection. Forty-seven percent of the sample reported unprotected anal intercourse in the past 6 months. Conclusions: The current levels of HIV prevalence, HIV incidence, and sexual risk behavior suggest an emerging HIV epidemic among young API MSM in San Francisco. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Choi, KH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, 74 New Montgomery St,Suite 600, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM khchoi@psg.ucsf.edu NR 36 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 31 IS 8 BP 475 EP 480 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000135988.19969.62 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 841CI UT WOS:000222906500006 PM 15273580 ER PT J AU Grassly, NC Morgan, M Walker, N Garnett, G Stanecki, KA Stover, J Brown, T Ghys, PD AF Grassly, NC Morgan, M Walker, N Garnett, G Stanecki, KA Stover, J Brown, T Ghys, PD TI Uncertainty in estimates of HIV/AIDS: the estimation and application of plausibility bounds SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-BASED SURVEYS; SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE; GENERAL-POPULATION; HIV-1 PREVALENCE; PREGNANT-WOMEN; PUBLIC-HEALTH; IMPACT; EXPERIENCE; EPIDEMIC; ZAMBIA AB Objectives: To establish the accuracy of the country specific estimates of HIV prevalence, incidence, and AIDS mortality published every 2 years by UNAIDS and WHO. Methods: We review sources of error in the data used to generate national HIV/AIDS and where possible estimate their statistical properties. We use numerical and approximate analytic methods to estimate the combined impact of these errors on HIV/AIDS estimates. Heuristic rules are then derived to produce plausible bounds about these estimates for countries with different types of epidemic and different qualities of surveillance system. Results: Although 95% confidence intervals (CIs) can be estimated for some sources of error, the sizes of other sources of error must be based on expert judgment. We therefore produce plausible bounds about HIV/AIDS estimates rather than statistical CIs. The magnitude of these bounds depends on the stage of the epidemic and the quality and coverage of the sentinel HIV surveillance system. The bounds for adult estimates are narrower than those for children, and those for prevalence are narrower than those for new infections. Conclusions: This paper presents a first attempt at a rigorous description of the errors associated with estimation of global statistics of an infectious disease. The proposed methods work well in countries with generalised epidemics (>1% adult HIV prevalence) where the quality of surveillance is good. Although methods have also been derived for countries with low level or concentrated epidemics, more data on the biases in the estimation process are required. C1 UNAIDS, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London W2 1PG, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. UNICEF, New York, NY USA. Futures Grp Inc, Glastonbury, CT USA. East West Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96848 USA. RP Ghys, PD (reprint author), UNAIDS, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM ghysp@unaids.org RI Garnett, Geoffrey/A-9312-2008; Grassly, Nicholas/C-6381-2008; OI Grassly, Nicholas/0000-0001-6067-4507 NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 80 SU 1 AR i31 DI 10.1136/sti.2004.010637 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 835EH UT WOS:000222462800007 PM 15249697 ER PT J AU Williams, HA Jones, COH AF Williams, HA Jones, COH TI A critical review of behavioral issues related to malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa: what contributions have social scientists made? SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE malaria; social science; treatment seeking; malaria control; sub-Saharan Africa ID TREATMENT-SEEKING BEHAVIOR; HEALTH-CARE SERVICES; RURAL BURKINA-FASO; DAR-ES-SALAAM; MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY; CHILDHOOD MALARIA; SELF-TREATMENT; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; TRADITIONAL HEALERS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE AB In 1996, Social Science & Medicine published a review of treatment seeking for malaria (McCombie, 1996). Since that time, a significant amount of socio-behavioral research on the home management of malaria has been undertaken. In addition, recent initiatives such as Roll Back Malaria have emphasized the importance of social science inputs to malaria research and control. However, there has been a growing feeling that the potential contributions that social science could and should be making to malaria research and control have yet to be fully realized. To address these issues, this paper critically reviews and synthesizes the literature (published, unpublished and technical reports) pertaining to the home management of illness episodes of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa from 1996 to the end of 2000, and draws conclusions about the use of social science in malaria research and control. The results suggest that while we have amassed increasing quantities of descriptive data on treatment seeking behavior, we still have little understanding of the rationale of drug use from the patient perspective and, perhaps more importantly, barely any information on the rationale of provider behaviors. However, the results underline the dynamic and iterative nature of treatment seeking with multiple sources of care frequently being employed during a single illness episode; and highlight the importance in decision making of gender, socioeconomic and cultural position of individuals within households and communities. Furthermore, the impact of political, structural and environmental factors on treatment seeking behaviors is starting to be recognised. Programs to address these issues may be beyond single sector (malaria control programme) interventions, but social science practice in malaria control needs to reflect a realistic appraisal of the complexities that govern human behavior and include critical appraisal and proposals for practical action. Major concerns arising from the review were the lack of evidence of 'social scientist' involvement (particularly few from endemic countries) in much of the published research; and concerns with methodological rigor. To increase the effective use of social science, we should focus on a new orientation for field research (including increased methodological rigor), address the gaps in research knowledge, strengthen the relationship between research, policy and practice; and concentrate on capacity strengthening and advocacy. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, DFID Malaria Knowledge Programme, London WC1, England. RP Williams, HA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Mail Stop F-22,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. EM hbw2@cdc.gov NR 163 TC 137 Z9 137 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 59 IS 3 BP 501 EP 523 DI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.11.010 PG 23 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 826SB UT WOS:000221847800005 PM 15144761 ER PT J AU Hawks, C Makos, K Bell, D Wambach, PE Burroughs, GE AF Hawks, C Makos, K Bell, D Wambach, PE Burroughs, GE TI An inexpensive method to test for mercury vapor in herbarium cabinets SO TAXON LA English DT Article DE corrosive sublimate; herbaria; mercuric chloride; mercury contamination; mercury detection; mercury indicator; mercury vapor AB Mercuric chloride has been used for control of insect and fungal infestations in herbarium collections for over two centuries. One of the lasting effects of this use is the long-term evolution of elemental mercury vapor from treated specimens. The vapor can contaminate untreated specimens sharing the same closed environment and can pose a human health hazard. By modifying the technique for use of a commercially available mercury indicating powder (Mallinckrodt Baker, Inc., J. T. Baker Mercury Indicator) it is possible to create an inexpensive and fairly rapid test for mercury vapor in herbarium cabinets. The indicator is mixed with deionized water and applied to glass microscope slides. One or more slides are placed inside a cabinet and any color change in the indicator is compared to unexposed controls. In the authors' experiments, the indicator results were compared against readings taken using a Jerome 431-X Mercury Vapor Analyzer and a Lumex RA-915+ Multifunctional Mercury Analyzer and were found to be broadly related to the concentration of mercury vapor present in each cabinet. The method can be used to check for mercury contamination in incoming shipments of specimens and to identify cabinets that currently contain or formerly contained contaminated specimens. Practical safety Guidelines have been developed for accessing cabinets that give a positive test for the vapor and for handling contaminated specimens. C1 Smithsonian Off Safety & Environm Management, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol, Bot Sect, Washington, DC 20560 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Bell, D (reprint author), 2419 Barbour Rd, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA. EM cahawks@aol.com; makosk@si.edu; bell.deborah@nmnh.si.edu; paul.wambach@eh.doe.gov; geb1@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI VIENNA PA C/O UNIV VIENNA, INST BOTANY, RENNWEG 14, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD AUG PY 2004 VL 53 IS 3 BP 783 EP 790 DI 10.2307/4135451 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 860WC UT WOS:000224373500014 ER PT J AU Soucie, JM Siwak, EB Hooper, WC Evatt, BL Hollinger, EB AF Soucie, JM Siwak, EB Hooper, WC Evatt, BL Hollinger, EB CA Universal Data Collection Project TI Human parvovirus B19 in young male patients with hemophilia A: associations with treatment product exposure and joint range-of-motion limitation SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; SYNOVIAL MEMBRANES; DNA; TRANSMISSION; PERSISTENCE; ARTHROPATHY; INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE AB BACKGROUND: To evaluate the risk of human parvovirus B19 (1319) transmission in recombinant antihemophilic factor, the seroprevalence among 798 two-to seven-year-old boys with hemophilia was compared. Also, data collected on joints were used to assess relations between B19 serostatus and joint range-of-motion (ROM) limitation. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Staff at US hemophilia treatment centers collected data on product exposures and ROM of 10 joints and provided blood specimens as part of blood safety surveillance. Blood was tested for immunoglobulin G anti-B19. Associations between B19 seropositivity and treatment products and joint ROM limitations were examined in multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Compared to children who received no product, the odds of B19 seropositivity were 0.8 (p = 0.5), 1.9 (p = 0.05), and 7.6 (p < 0.001) for those children who received recombinant antihemophilic factor only, both recombinant antihemophilic factor and plasma-derived factor, and plasma-derived factor only, respectively. Children who were anti-B19 positive had an average 81 less overall ROM (p = 0.002) than those who were 1319 antibody negative after adjustment for other risk factors. CONCLUSION: The risk of B19 transmission by recombinant antihemophilic factor is low. Previous B19 infection is associated with ROM limitations in very young male patients with hemophilia. Virus inactivation techniques effective against B19 and other nonenveloped viruses are needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Hereditary Blood Disorders, Atlanta, GA USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol, Eugene B Casey Hepatitis Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol, Diagnost Lab, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Soucie, JM (reprint author), Hemophilia Surveillance, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E64, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM msoucie@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1179 EP 1185 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2004.04029.x PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 841CU UT WOS:000222907700010 PM 15265122 ER PT J AU Escalante, AA Cornejo, OE Rojas, A Udhayakumar, V Lal, AA AF Escalante, AA Cornejo, OE Rojas, A Udhayakumar, V Lal, AA TI Assessing the effect of natural selection in malaria parasites SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BAY COHORT PROJECT; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; DIVERSIFYING SELECTION; ANTIGENIC DIVERSITY; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; POSITIVE SELECTION; RESISTANT MALARIA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; NEUTRAL THEORY AB There are few concepts that have been used across disciplines; one of them is natural selection. The impact that this process has on parasite genetic diversity is reviewed here by discussing examples on drug resistance and vaccine antigens. Emphasis is made on how mechanisms need to be addressed rather than associations, and how such investigations were out of reach of biomedical researchers only a decade ago. C1 Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Escalante, AA (reprint author), Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. EM Aescalante@cdc.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM 60740, R01 GM060740-05] NR 66 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 20 IS 8 BP 388 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.pt.2004.06.002 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 844GU UT WOS:000223146900010 PM 15246323 ER PT J AU Lubell, KM Swahn, MH Crosby, AE Kegler, S AF Lubell, KM Swahn, MH Crosby, AE Kegler, S TI Methods of suicide among persons aged 10-19 years - United States, 1992-2001(Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 471-474, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lubell, KM (reprint author), CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Swahn, Monica/A-7545-2009 OI Swahn, Monica/0000-0002-6663-3885 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 28 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 4 BP 427 EP 428 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 841AA UT WOS:000222900500009 ER PT J AU Swahn, MH Lubell, KM Simon, TR AF Swahn, MH Lubell, KM Simon, TR TI Suicide attempts and physical fighting among high school students - United States, 2001 (Reprinted by MMWR, vol 53, pg 474-476, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID VIOLENCE; RISK C1 CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Swahn, MH (reprint author), CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Swahn, Monica/A-7545-2009 OI Swahn, Monica/0000-0002-6663-3885 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 28 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 4 BP 428 EP 430 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 841AA UT WOS:000222900500010 ER PT J AU Sejvar, JJ AF Sejvar, JJ TI West Nile virus and "poliomyelitis" SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; FLACCID PARALYSIS; NEW-YORK; INFECTION; ILLNESS; OUTBREAK; MYELITIS AB West Nile virus (WNV) has recently been associated with a syndrome of acute flaccid paralysis. Most cases of WNV-associated weakness have clinical, histopathologic, and electrophysiologic characteristics indistinguishable from those of poliomyelitis caused by infection with poliovirus. There is debate about the nomenclature of this manifestation of WNV infection. An historical perspective of the term "poliomyelitis" suggests that the term "WNV poliomyelitis" seems appropriate, but members of the neurologic and infectious disease communities should engage in discussion regarding the terminology of this syndrome. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sejvar, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zea3@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD JUL 27 PY 2004 VL 63 IS 2 BP 206 EP 207 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 841CX UT WOS:000222908000004 PM 15277609 ER PT J AU Jajosky, RA Groseclose, SL AF Jajosky, RA Groseclose, SL TI Evaluation of reporting timeliness of public health surveillance systems for infectious diseases SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID COMMUNICABLE DISEASES; AIDS SURVEILLANCE; UNITED-STATES; COMPLETENESS AB Background: Timeliness is a key performance measure of public health surveillance systems. Timeliness can vary by disease, intended use of the data, and public health system level. Studies were reviewed to describe methods used to evaluate timeliness and the reporting timeliness of National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) data was evaluated to determine if this system could support timely notification and state response to multistate outbreaks. Methods: Published papers that quantitatively measured timeliness of infectious disease surveillance systems operating in the U. S. were reviewed. Median reporting timeliness lags were computed for selected nationally notifiable infectious diseases based on a state-assigned week number and various date types. The percentage of cases reported within the estimated incubation periods for each disease was also computed. Results: Few studies have published quantitative measures of reporting timeliness; these studies do not evaluate timeliness in a standard manner. When timeliness of NNDSS data was evaluated, the median national reporting delay, based on date of disease onset, ranged from 12 days for meningococcal disease to 40 days for pertussis. Diseases with the longer incubation periods tended to have a higher percentage of cases reported within its incubation period. For acute hepatitis A virus infection, which had the longest incubation period of the diseases studied, more than 60% of cases were reported within one incubation period for each date type reported. For cryptosporidiosis, Escherichia coli O157: H7 infection, meningococcal disease, salmonellosis, and shigellosis, less than 40% of cases were reported within one incubation period for each reported date type. Conclusion: Published evaluations of infectious disease surveillance reporting timeliness are few in number and are not comparable. A more standardized approach for evaluating and describing surveillance system timeliness should be considered; a recommended methodology is presented. Our analysis of NNDSS reporting timeliness indicated that among the conditions evaluated ( except for acute hepatitis A infection), the long reporting lag and the variability across states limits the usefulness of NNDSS data and aberration detection analysis of those data for identification of and timely response to multistate outbreaks. Further evaluation of the factors that contribute to NNDSS reporting timeliness is warranted. C1 CDCP, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Surveillance Syst Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Stat & Data Management Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jajosky, RA (reprint author), CDCP, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Surveillance Syst Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RJajosky@cdc.gov; SGroseclose@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 79 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 12 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JUL 26 PY 2004 VL 4 AR 29 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-4-29 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 844TM UT WOS:000223183200001 PM 15274746 ER PT J AU Selover, C Thacker, C Hill, M Lugo, F Lo, M Pawlowicz, M Schulte, J Blackmore, C Ward, D Crocket, L Causer, LM Parise, M Barnwell, J DaSilva, A Arguello, DF Filler, S AF Selover, C Thacker, C Hill, M Lugo, F Lo, M Pawlowicz, M Schulte, J Blackmore, C Ward, D Crocket, L Causer, LM Parise, M Barnwell, J DaSilva, A Arguello, DF Filler, S TI Multifocal autochthonous transmission of malaria - Florida, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 412-413, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Okeechobee Cty Hlth Dept, Okeechobee, FL 34972 USA. Palm Beach Cty Hlth Dept, W Palm Beach, FL USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Selover, C (reprint author), Okeechobee Cty Hlth Dept, Okeechobee, FL 34972 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 21 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 3 BP 324 EP 325 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 838DL UT WOS:000222693500009 ER PT J AU Mersereau, P Kilker, K Carter, H Fassett, E Williams, J Flores, A Prue, C Williams, L Mai, C Mulinare, J AF Mersereau, P Kilker, K Carter, H Fassett, E Williams, J Flores, A Prue, C Williams, L Mai, C Mulinare, J TI Spina bifida and anencephaly before and after folic acid mandate - United States, 1995-1996 and 1999-2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 362, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Baltimore, MD USA. Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mersereau, P (reprint author), Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 21 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 3 BP 325 EP 326 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 838DL UT WOS:000222693500010 ER PT J AU Vestergaard, M Hviid, A Madsen, KM Wohlfahrt, J Thorsen, P Schendel, D Melbye, M Olsen, J AF Vestergaard, M Hviid, A Madsen, KM Wohlfahrt, J Thorsen, P Schendel, D Melbye, M Olsen, J TI MMR vaccination and febrile seizures - Evaluation of susceptible subgroups and long-term prognosis SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINATION; ADVERSE EVENTS; RISK-FACTORS; MEASLES; CONVULSIONS; CHILDREN; SURVEILLANCE; IMMUNIZATION; PERTUSSIS; SELECTION AB Context The rate of febrile seizures increases following measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination but it is unknown whether the rate varies according to personal or family history of seizures, perinatal factors, or socioeconomic status. Furthermore, little is known about the long-term outcome of febrile seizures following vaccination. Objectives To estimate incidence rate ratios (RRs) and risk differences of febrile seizures following MMR vaccination within subgroups of children and to evaluate the clinical outcome of febrile seizures following vaccination. Design, Setting, and Participants A population-based cohort study of all children born in Denmark between January 1, 1991, and December 31, 1998, who were alive at 3 months; 537171 children were followed up until December 31, 1999, by using data from the Danish Civil Registration System and 4 other national registries. Main Outcome Measures incidence of first febrile seizure, recurrent febrile seizures, and subsequent epilepsy. Results A total of 439251 children (82%) received MMR vaccination and 17 986 children developed febrile seizures at least once; 973 of these febrile seizures occurred within 2 weeks of MMR vaccination. The RR of febrile seizures increased during the 2 weeks following MMR vaccination (2.75; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 2.55-2.97), and thereafter was close to the observed RR for nonvaccinated children. The RR did not vary significantly in the subgroups of children that had been defined by their family history of seizures, perinatal factors, or socioeconomic status. At 15 to 17 months, the risk difference of febrile seizures within 2 weeks following MMR vaccination was 1.56 per 1000 children overall (95% Cl, 1.44-1.68), 3.97 per 1000 (95% Cl, 2.90-5.40) for siblings of children with a history of febrile seizures, and 19.47 per 1000 (95% Cl, 16.05-23.55) for children with a personal history of febrile seizures. Children with febrile seizures following MMR vaccinations had a slightly increased rate of recurrent febrile seizures (RR, 1.19; 95% Cl, 1.01-1.41) but no increased rate of epilepsy (RR, 0.70; 95% Cl, 0.33-1.50) compared with children who were nonvaccinated at the time of their first febrile seizure. Conclusions MMR vaccination was associated with a transient increased rate of febrile seizures but the risk difference was small even in high-risk children. The long-term rate of epilepsy was not increased in children who had febrile seizures following vaccination compared with children who had febrile seizures of a different etiology. C1 Aarhus Univ, Danish Epidemiol Sci Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. State Serum Inst, Dept Epidemiol Res, Danish Epidemiol Sci Ctr, Copenhagen, Denmark. N Atlantic Neuroepidemiol Alliances, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Aarhus, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vestergaard, M (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Danish Epidemiol Sci Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Vennelyst Blvd 6, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM mv@soci.au.dk RI Vestergaard, Mogens/M-9333-2014; Olsen, Jorn/F-8801-2015 OI Vestergaard, Mogens/0000-0001-8830-2174; Olsen, Jorn/0000-0001-7462-5140 NR 32 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 21 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 3 BP 351 EP 357 DI 10.1001/jama.292.3.351 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 838DL UT WOS:000222693500020 PM 15265850 ER PT J AU Shaw, EI Moura, H Woolfitt, AR Ospina, M Thompson, HA Barr, JR AF Shaw, EI Moura, H Woolfitt, AR Ospina, M Thompson, HA Barr, JR TI Identification of biomarkers of whole Coxiella burnetii phase I by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; Q-FEVER; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MATRIX; CELLS; BACTERIA; ENDOCARDITIS; INFECTION; PROTEIN AB Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) specific biomarkers have been shown to be an effective tool for identifying microorganisms. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of using this technique to detect the obligate intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii, a category B bioterrorism agent. Specific biomarkers were detected in C. burnetii Nine Mile phase I (NMI) strain purified from embryonated egg yolk sac preparations. Whole organisms were applied directly to the MALDI target. MALDI-TOF MS analysis of C burnetii NMI grown and purified at different times and places revealed a group of unique, characteristic, and reproducible spectral markers in the mass range of 1000-25 000 Da. Statistical analysis of the averaged centroided masses uncovered at least 24 peptides or biomarkers. Three biomarkers observed in the MALDI-TOF MS spectrum consistently matched proteins that had been previously described in C burnetii, one of them being the small cell variant protein A. MALDI-TOF MS analysis of whole organisms represents a sensitive and specific option for characterizing C. burnetii isolates, especially when coupled with antigen capture techniques. The method also has potential for several applications in basic microbial research, including regulation of gene expression. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Shaw, EI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eps0@cdc.gov RI Ospina, Maria/C-5111-2012 NR 37 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 14 BP 4017 EP 4022 DI 10.1021/ac030364k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 838IH UT WOS:000222706400019 PM 15253637 ER PT J AU Ursin, G Bernstein, L Wang, YP Lord, SJ Deapen, D Liff, JM Norman, SA Weiss, LK Daling, JR Marchbanks, PA Malone, KE Folger, SG McDonald, JA Burkman, RT Simon, MS Strom, BL Spirtas, R AF Ursin, G Bernstein, L Wang, YP Lord, SJ Deapen, D Liff, JM Norman, SA Weiss, LK Daling, JR Marchbanks, PA Malone, KE Folger, SG McDonald, JA Burkman, RT Simon, MS Strom, BL Spirtas, R TI Reproductive factors and risk of breast carcinoma in a study of white and African-American women SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE reproductive factors; breast carcinoma; white women; African-American women ID FULL-TERM PREGNANCY; CANCER RISK; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; REDUCED RISK; BLACK-WOMEN; LACTATION; AGE; HISTORY; PARITY; EXPERIENCE AB BACKGROUND. Few studies have investigated the association between reproductive factors and the risk of breast carcinoma among African-American women. The authors assessed whether the number of full-term pregnancies, age at first fullterm pregnancy, and total duration of breastfeeding were associated with similar relative risk estimates in white and African-American women in a large multicenter, population-based case-control study of breast carcinoma. METHODS. Case patients were 4567 women (2950 white women and 1617 African-American women) ages 35-64 years with newly diagnosed invasive breast carcinoma between 1994 and 1998. Control patients were 4668 women (3012 white women and 1656 African-American women) who were identified by random-digit dialing and were frequency matched to case patients according to study center, race, and age. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS. For white women, the reduction in risk of breast carcinoma per full-term pregnancy was 13% among younger women (ages 35-49 years) and 10% among older women (ages 50-64 years). The corresponding risk reductions for African-American women were 10% and 6%, respectively. Risk decreased significantly with increasing number of full-term pregnancies for both races and both age categories. Duration of lactation was inversely associated with breast carcinoma risk among younger parous white (trend P = 0.0001) and African-American (trend P = 0.01) women. African-American women tended to have more children compared with women, but parity rates were lower in younger women than in older women in both racial groups. However, breastfeeding was substantially more common in young white women than in young African-American women. CONCLUSIONS. Overall, parity and lactation had similar effects on breast carcinoma risk in white and African-American women. If younger African-Arnerican women now are giving birth to fewer children than in the past, without a substantial increase in breastfeeding, breast carcinoma rates may continue to increase at a more rapid rate among these women compared with white women. Published 2004 by the American Cancer Society. C1 Univ So Calif, Kenneth Norris Jr Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Nutr, Oslo, Norway. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Natl Canc Inst, Off Ctr Training & Resources, Canc Ctr Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Baystate Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Springfield, MA USA. Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Dept Internal Med, Detroit, MI USA. NICHHD, Populat Res Ctr, Contracept & Reprod Hlth Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ursin, G (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Kenneth Norris Jr Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Keck Sch Med, 1441 Eastlake Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM gursin@usc.edu OI Lord, Sarah J/0000-0003-2763-5949 FU NCI NIH HHS [N01 PC-67006, N01-CN-0532, N01-CN-65064, N01-CN-67010]; NICHD NIH HHS [N01 HD 3-3168, N01 HD 2-3166, N01 HD 3-3174, N01 HD 3-3175, N01 HD 3-3176, Y01 HD 7022] NR 36 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 2 BP 353 EP 362 DI 10.1002/cncr.20373 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 835YD UT WOS:000222520500019 PM 15241834 ER PT J AU Steinberg, EB Bishop, R Haber, P Dempsey, AF Hoekstra, RM Nelson, JM Ackers, M Calugar, A Mintz, ED AF Steinberg, EB Bishop, R Haber, P Dempsey, AF Hoekstra, RM Nelson, JM Ackers, M Calugar, A Mintz, ED TI Typhoid fever in travelers: Who should be targeted for prevention? SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EVENT REPORTING SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; ANTIMICROBIAL-RESISTANCE; SURVEILLANCE; VACCINE; INFECTIONS AB To clarify indications for typhoid vaccination, we reviewed laboratory-confirmed cases of typhoid fever reported to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 1994 and 1999. To estimate the risk of adverse events associated with typhoid vaccination, we reviewed reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System for the same period. Acute Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi infection was reported for 1393 patients. Of these patients, recent travel was reported by 1027 (74%), only 36 (4%) of whom reported having received a vaccination. Six countries accounted for 76% of travel-associated cases (India [30%], Pakistan [13%], Mexico [12%], Bangladesh [8%], The Philippines [8%], and Haiti [5%]). For 626 travelers who traveled to a single country, the length of stay was less than or equal to1 week for 31 (5%), less than or equal to2 weeks for 100 (16%), less than or equal to3 weeks for 169 (27%), less than or equal to4 weeks for 232 (37%), less than or equal to5 weeks for 338 (54%), and less than or equal to6 weeks for 376 (60%). Reports of serious adverse events due to typhoid vaccination were very rare. Vaccination should be considered even for persons planning short-term travel to high-risk areas. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance, Immunizat Safety Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Robert Wood Johnson Clin Scholars Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Steinberg, EB (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Egleston Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, 1405 Clifton Rd,Annex 3C, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM ellen.stevenson@choa.org NR 15 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 2 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.1086/421945 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 835HV UT WOS:000222474300007 PM 15307027 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, A Jernign, DB Liedtke, L Strausbaugh, L AF Srinivasan, A Jernign, DB Liedtke, L Strausbaugh, L TI Hospital preparedness for severe acute respiratory syndrome in the United States: Views from a national survey of infectious diseases consultants SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HONG-KONG; OUTBREAK AB In this survey of infectious diseases consultants, 90% reported that their health care facilities have plans in place to address severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Some plan elements exceed current recommendations, whereas others are less stringent. Resource issues associated with airborne isolation and respirators were reported. Sixty-one percent of the respondents expressed some concern about their facility's preparation and capacity for managing patients with SARS. Recent draft guidance on SARS preparedness from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention may help address some of these issues. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Infect Dis Sect, Res Serv, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Div Infect Dis, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Srinivasan, A (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM asrinivasan@cdc.gov FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU112346] NR 9 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 2 BP 272 EP 274 DI 10.1086/421777 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 835HV UT WOS:000222474300019 PM 15307038 ER PT J AU Rupprecht, CE AF Rupprecht, CE TI A tale of two worlds: Public health management decisions in human rabies prevention SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rupprecht, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cyr5@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 2 BP 281 EP 283 DI 10.1086/421563 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 835HV UT WOS:000222474300022 PM 15307041 ER PT J AU Ijaz, K McElroy, PD Navin, TR AF Ijaz, K McElroy, PD Navin, TR TI Short-course rifampin and pyrazinamide compared with isoniazid for latent tuberculosis infection: A cost-effectiveness analysis based on a multicenter clinical trial SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ijaz, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, MS-E10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kijaz@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 2 BP 289 EP 289 DI 10.1086/421783 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 835HV UT WOS:000222474300025 PM 15307044 ER PT J AU Srikantiah, R Gomaa, AE Slone, D Jazieh, AR AF Srikantiah, R Gomaa, AE Slone, D Jazieh, AR TI The prognostic implication of brain metastasis (BM) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY JUN 05-08, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 14 SU S MA 7268 BP 683S EP 683S PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 849BL UT WOS:000223512402709 PM 28013615 ER PT J AU Gilchrist, J Gotsch, K Ryan, G AF Gilchrist, J Gotsch, K Ryan, G TI Nonfatal and fatal drownings in recreational water settings - United States, 2001-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 447-452, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID CHILDREN C1 CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gilchrist, J (reprint author), CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 14 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 2 BP 164 EP 166 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 836TS UT WOS:000222579300010 ER PT J AU Bulterys, M Jamieson, DJ O'Sullivan, MJ Cohen, MH Maupin, R Nesheim, S Webber, MP Van Dyke, R Wiener, J Branson, BM AF Bulterys, M Jamieson, DJ O'Sullivan, MJ Cohen, MH Maupin, R Nesheim, S Webber, MP Van Dyke, R Wiener, J Branson, BM CA MIRIAD Study Grp TI Rapid HIV-1 testing during labor - A multicenter study SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; PREGNANT-WOMEN; PROPHYLAXIS; PREVENTION; ZIDOVUDINE; INFECTION; COHORT; TRIAL AB Context Timely testing of women in labor with undocumented human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status could enable immediate provision of antiretroviral prophylaxis. Objectives To determine the feasibility and acceptance of rapid HIV testing among women in labor and to assess rapid HIV assay performance. Design, Setting, and Patients The Mother-Infant Rapid Intervention At Delivery (MIRIAD) study implemented 24-hour counseling and voluntary rapid HIV testing for women in labor at 16 US hospitals from November 16, 2001, through November 15, 2003. A rapid HIV-1 antibody test for whole blood was used. Main Outcome Measures Acceptance of HIV testing; sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the rapid test; time from blood collection to patient notification of results. Results There were 91707 visits to the labor and delivery units in the study, 7381 of which were by eligible women without documentation of HIV testing. Of these, 5744 (78%) women were approached for rapid HIV testing and 4849 (84%) consented. HIV-1 test results were positive for 34 women (prevalence=7/1000). Sensitivity and specificity of the rapid test were 100% and 99.9%, respectively; positive predictive value was 90% compared with 76% for enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Factors independently associated with higher test acceptance included younger age, being black or Hispanic, gestational age less than 32 weeks, and having had no prenatal care. Lower acceptance was associated with being admitted between 4 Pm and midnight, particularly on Friday nights, but this may be explained in part by fewer available personnel. Median time from blood collection to patient notification of result was 66 minutes (interquartile range, 45-120 minutes), compared with 28 hours for EIA (P<.001). Conclusions Rapid HIV testing is feasible and delivers accurate and timely test results for women in labor. It provides HIV-positive women prompt access to intrapartum and neonatal antiretroviral prophylaxis, proven to reduce perinatal HIV transmission, and may be particularly applicable to higher-risk populations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Miami, FL 33101 USA. Cook Cty Hosp, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New Orleans, LA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Bulterys, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mbulterys@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [417719, 417735, 517715, 617734, U64/217724] NR 22 TC 132 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 14 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 2 BP 219 EP 223 DI 10.1001/jama.292.2.219 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 836TS UT WOS:000222579300027 PM 15249571 ER PT J AU Crepaz, N Hart, TA Marks, G AF Crepaz, N Hart, TA Marks, G TI Highly active antiretroviral therapy and sexual risk behavior - A meta-analytic review SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; HIV-POSITIVE GAY; VIRAL LOAD; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; BISEXUAL MEN; SAN-FRANCISCO; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; COMBINATION THERAPIES; TRANSMITTED DISEASES; PROTEASE INHIBITORS AB Context Evidence suggests that since highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) became available, the prevalence of unprotected sex and the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have increased. Objective To conduct 3 meta-analyses to determine whether (1) being treated with HAART, (2) having an undetectable viral load, or (3) holding specific beliefs about HAART and viral load are associated with increased likelihood of engaging in unprotected sex. Data Sources A comprehensive search included electronic bibliographic databases, including AIDSLINE, MEDLINE, PubMed, CINHAL, PsycInfo, ERIC, EMBASE, and Sociofile, from January 1996 to August 2003, conference proceedings, hand searches of journals, reference lists of articles, and contacts with researchers. Study Selection Twenty-five English-language studies (some contributing >1 finding) met the selection criteria and examined the association of unprotected sexual intercourse or STIs with receiving HAART (21 findings), having an undetectable viral load (13 findings), or beliefs about HAART and viral load (18 findings). Data Extraction Reports were screened and information from eligible studies was abstracted independently by pairs of reviewers using a standardized spreadsheet. Data Synthesis Random-effects models were used to aggregate data. The prevalence of unprotected sex was not higher among persons with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receiving HAART (prevalence range, 9%-56%; median, 33%) vs those not receiving HAART (range, 11%-77%; median, 44%; odds ratio [OR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-1.31) or among HIV-positive persons with an undetectable viral load (range, 10%-68%; median, 39%) vs those with a detectable viral load (range, 14%-70%; median, 42%; OR, 0.99; 95% Cl, 0.82-1.21). The prevalence of unprotected sex was elevated (OR, 1.82; 95% Cl, 1.52-2.17) in HIV-positive, HIV-negative, and unknown serostatus persons who believed that receiving HAART or having an undetectable viral load protects against transmitting HIV or who had reduced concerns about engaging in unsafe sex given the availability of HAART (range, 17%-81% [median, 49%] vs 9%-68% [median, 38%] for counterparts). Conclusions In the studies reviewed, HIV-positive patients receiving HAART did not exhibit increased sexual risk behavior, even when therapy achieved an undetectable viral load. However, people's beliefs about HAART and viral load may promote unprotected sex and may be amenable to change through prevention messages. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Crepaz, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ncrepaz@cdc.gov OI Hart, Trevor/0000-0001-5107-7452 NR 74 TC 366 Z9 371 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 14 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 2 BP 224 EP 236 DI 10.1001/jama.292.2.224 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 836TS UT WOS:000222579300028 PM 15249572 ER PT J AU Norris, SL Zhang, XP Avenell, A Gregg, E Schmid, CH Kim, C Lau, J AF Norris, SL Zhang, XP Avenell, A Gregg, E Schmid, CH Kim, C Lau, J TI Efficacy of pharmacotherapy for weight loss in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus - A meta-analysis SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LOW-CALORIE DIET; OBESE-PATIENTS; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; LIFE-STYLE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; HEART-DISEASE; DOUBLE-BLIND; FLUOXETINE AB Background: Obesity is closely related to type 2 diabetes mellitus, and weight reduction is an important part of the care delivered to obese persons with diabetes. The objective of this review was to assess the efficacy of pharmacotherapy for weight loss in adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed, and studies were included if pharmacotherapy was used as the primary strategy for weight loss among adults with type 2 diabetes. Published and unpublished studies with any design were included. A random effects model was used to combine outcomes from randomized controlled trials. Results: Sufficient data for the meta-analysis were available for fluoxetine, orlistat, and sibutramine. Fourteen randomized, placebo-controlled trials were included in the review, with a total of 2231 patients. Pharmacotherapy produced modest reductions in weight for fluoxetine (3.4 kg [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.7-5.2 kg] at 8-16 weeks of follow-up; 5.1 kg [95% CI, 3.3-6.9 kg] at 24-30 weeks; and 5.8 kg [95% CI, 0.8-10.8 kg] at 52 weeks); orlistat (2.6 kg [95% CI, 2.1-3.2 kg] [2.6% loss] at 52 weeks); and sibutramine (4.5 kg [95% CI, 1.8-7.2 kg] [3.3% loss] at up to 26 weeks). Glycated hemoglobin was also modestly reduced: fluoxetine (1.0% [95% CI, 0.4%-1.5%] at 8-16 weeks; 1.0% [95% 0.6%-1.4%] at 24-30 weeks; and 1.8% [95% CI, -0.2%-3.8%] at 52 weeks); orlistat (0.4% [95% CI, 0.3%-0.5%]); and sibutramine (0.7% [95% CI, -0.5%-1.9%]). Gastrointestinal adverse effects were common with orlistat; tremor, somnolence, and sweating with fluoxetine; and palpitations with sibutramine. Conclusions: Fluoxetine, orlistat, and sibutramine can achieve statistically significant weight loss over 26 to 52 weeks. However, the magnitude of weight loss was modest, and the long-term health benefits and safety remain unclear. Interventions that combine pharmacologic therapy with intensive behavioral interventions may be more effective but need additional research. C1 CDCP, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Aberdeen, Hlth Serv Res Unit, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Biostat Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Ctr clin Evidence Synth, Div Clin Care Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Norris, SL (reprint author), CDCP, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, MS K-10,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM scn5@cdc.gov OI Schmid, Christopher/0000-0002-0855-5313 NR 79 TC 93 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 13 BP 1395 EP 1404 DI 10.1001/archinte.164.13.1395 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 836VM UT WOS:000222583900006 PM 15249348 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, A Song, XY Richards, A Sinkowitz-Cochran, R Cardo, D Rand, C AF Srinivasan, A Song, XY Richards, A Sinkowitz-Cochran, R Cardo, D Rand, C TI A survey of knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of house staff physicians from various specialties concerning antimicrobial use and resistance SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; PRACTICE GUIDELINES; PERCEPTIONS; MISUSE; MICROORGANISMS; EMERGENCE; CULTURE; USAGE; FOCUS; UNIT AB Background: Examination of knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of house staff physicians will be important in developing interventions to improve antimicrobial use and prevent resistance. Methods: A 75-item survey was distributed to house staff physicians on nonpediatric services in a university teaching hospital. Knowledge was assessed with a 10-question quiz. Results: The survey was completed by 179 (67%) of 269 house staff physicians on 5 specialties. Outside and inside the intensive care unit, 21% and 25% of respondents, respectively, reported that they were using antibiotics optimally. Surgeons were significantly more likely than other physicians to report that they were regularly seeking input into antimicrobial selections (P<.001). Of the 170 physicians who completed the survey, 88% agreed antibiotics are overused in general and 72% also agreed this was the case at their institution (r = 0.56; P<.05); 96% agreed that hospitals in general face serious problems with antibiotic resistance and 93% agreed that their hospital faces these same problems (r = 0.57; P < .05); 97% agreed that better use of antibiotics would reduce resistance; 32% stated that they had not had formal teaching on antimicrobial agents in the last year (medicine residents reported significantly more formal teaching than others [P = .001]); and 90% wanted more education about antimicrobials and 67% wanted more feedback on antimicrobial selections. The mean anti microbial quiz score was 28%, with medicine residents scoring significantly higher than others (P = .04). Upper-level residents did not perform better than interns. Conclusions: This survey (1) revealed that house staff are aware of the importance of antimicrobial resistance and believe better antimicrobial use will help this problem and (2) demonstrated differences between specialties with respect to antimicrobial use and knowledge. House staff at our hospital have suboptimal knowledge about antimicrobials, and this knowledge did not increase appreciably over the course of their training. Antimicrobial education is needed and is likely to be well received by house staff physicians in academic centers but may be more effective if it is tailored to specific specialties. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Off Antibiot Management, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Srinivasan, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM asrinivasan@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 13 BP 1451 EP 1456 DI 10.1001/archinte.164.13.1451 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 836VM UT WOS:000222583900013 PM 15249355 ER PT J AU Wolfe, ND Switzer, WM Folks, TM Burkes, DS Heneine, W AF Wolfe, ND Switzer, WM Folks, TM Burkes, DS Heneine, W TI Simian retroviral infections in human beings - Reply SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID FOAMY VIRUS C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wolfe, ND (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM nwolfe@jhsph.edu NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 10 PY 2004 VL 364 IS 9429 BP 139 EP 140 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16622-1 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 837EV UT WOS:000222612200020 ER PT J AU Lukehart, SA Godornes, C Molini, BJ Sonnett, P Hopkins, S Mulcahy, F Engelman, J Mitchell, SJ Rompalo, AM Marra, CM Klausner, JD AF Lukehart, SA Godornes, C Molini, BJ Sonnett, P Hopkins, S Mulcahy, F Engelman, J Mitchell, SJ Rompalo, AM Marra, CM Klausner, JD TI Macrolide resistance in Treponema pallidum in the United States and Ireland SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EARLY SYPHILIS; CLINICAL ISOLATE; PENICILLIN-G; AZITHROMYCIN; BENZATHINE; RESURGENCE; OUTBREAK C1 Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Neurol, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. St James Hosp, Dublin 8, Ireland. San Francisco Dept Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Lukehart, SA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Med, Box 359779,325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM lukehart@washington.edu RI Hopkins, Susan/C-9736-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 34616, AI 42143, AI 45724]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS 34235, NS 38663] NR 24 TC 168 Z9 183 U1 1 U2 11 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 8 PY 2004 VL 351 IS 2 BP 154 EP 158 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa040216 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 835GM UT WOS:000222470700008 PM 15247355 ER PT J AU Levy, C Burnside, J Tso, T Englender, S Auslander, M Billings, S Bradley, K Bos, J Burnsed, L Brown, J Mahoney, D Chamberlain, K Porter, M Duncan, C Johnson, B Ethelbah, R Robinson, K Wessel, M Savoia, S Garcia, C Dickson, J Kvamme, D Yost, D Traeger, M Krebs, J Paddock, C Shieh, W Guarner, J Zaki, S Swerdlow, D McQuiston, J Nicholson, WL Demma, L AF Levy, C Burnside, J Tso, T Englender, S Auslander, M Billings, S Bradley, K Bos, J Burnsed, L Brown, J Mahoney, D Chamberlain, K Porter, M Duncan, C Johnson, B Ethelbah, R Robinson, K Wessel, M Savoia, S Garcia, C Dickson, J Kvamme, D Yost, D Traeger, M Krebs, J Paddock, C Shieh, W Guarner, J Zaki, S Swerdlow, D McQuiston, J Nicholson, WL Demma, L TI Fatal cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in family clusters three states, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 407-410, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. Kentucky Dept Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Hlth Planning, Frankfort, KY 40621 USA. Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Div Communicable Dis, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Levy, C (reprint author), Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 7 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 1 BP 31 EP 33 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 834YZ UT WOS:000222448100007 ER PT J CA CDC TI Update: Measles among children adopted from China (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 459, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 7 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 1 BP 33 EP 34 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 834YZ UT WOS:000222448100008 ER PT J AU Strausbaugh, L Liedtke, L Hageman, J Khaw, A Jernigan, D AF Strausbaugh, L Liedtke, L Hageman, J Khaw, A Jernigan, D CA Infect Dis Soc of Amer Emerging In TI Brief report: Kingella kingae infections in children - United States, June 2001-November 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 244, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID PREVALENCE C1 Infect Dis Soc Amer Emerging Infect Network, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Portland, OR USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Strausbaugh, L (reprint author), Infect Dis Soc Amer Emerging Infect Network, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 7 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 1 BP 34 EP 34 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 834YZ UT WOS:000222448100009 ER PT J AU Eckart, RE Love, SS Atwood, JE Arness, MK Cassimatis, DC Campbell, CL Boyd, SY Murphy, JG Swerdlow, DL Collins, LC Riddle, JR Tornberg, DN Grabenstein, JD Engler, RJM AF Eckart, RE Love, SS Atwood, JE Arness, MK Cassimatis, DC Campbell, CL Boyd, SY Murphy, JG Swerdlow, DL Collins, LC Riddle, JR Tornberg, DN Grabenstein, JD Engler, RJM CA Dept of Def Smallpox Vaccination TI Incidence and follow-up of inflammatory cardiac complications after smallpox vaccination SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; VIRAL MYOCARDITIS AB OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the follow-up of patients with vaccinia-associated myocarditis. BACKGROUND With the threat of biological warfare, the U.S. Department of Defense resumed a program for widespread smallpox vaccinations on December 13, 2002. One-year afterwards, there has been a significant increase in the occurrence of myocarditis and pericarditis among those vaccinated. METHODS Cases were identified through sentinel reporting to military headquarters, systematic surveillance, and spontaneous reports. RESULTS A total of 540,824 military personnel were vaccinated with a New York City Board of Health strain of vaccinia from December 2002 through December 2003. Of these, 67 developed myopericarditis at 10.4 +/- 3.6 days after vaccination. The ST-segment elevation was noted in 57%, mean troponin on admission was 11.3 +/- 22.7 ng/dl, and peak cardiac enzymes were noted within 8 h of presentation. On follow-up of 64 patients (96%) at a mean of 32 16 weeks, all patients had objective normalization of echocardiography, electrocardiography, laboratory testing, graded exercise testing, and functional status; 8 (13%) reported atypical, non-limiting persistent chest discomfort. CONCLUSIONS Post-vaccinial myopericarditis should be considered in patients with chest pain within 30 days after smallpox vaccination. Normalization of echocardiography, electrocardiography, and treadmill testing is expected, and nearly all patients have resolution of chest pain on follow-up. (C) 2004 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. C1 USA, Med Command, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Vaccine Healthcare ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. USN, Med Ctr, Vaccine Healthcare Ctr, Washington, DC USA. USA, Med Surveillance Act, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. USA, Med Command, Off Assistant Secreary Def Hlth Affairs, Falls Church, VA USA. USA, Med Command, Mil Vaccine Agcy, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Eckart, RE (reprint author), USA, Med Command, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Robert.Eckart@us.army.mil NR 22 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD JUL 7 PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 201 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.05.004 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 834OX UT WOS:000222421500040 PM 15234435 ER PT J AU Swahn, MH Simon, TR Hammig, BJ Guerrero, JL AF Swahn, MH Simon, TR Hammig, BJ Guerrero, JL TI Alcohol-consumption behaviors and risk for physical fighting and injuries among adolescent drinkers SO ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS LA English DT Article DE adolescents; fighting; injuries; alcohol consumption; alcohol behaviors ID STUDENTS; TRAUMA AB This study examined the associations between specific alcohol-use measures and physical fighting, injuries received, and injuries inflicted on others while fighting. We conducted cross-sectional analyses of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) limiting our analyses to adolescent drinkers (n=8885) between the ages of 12 and 21 years. Results revealed that adolescent drinkers who reported problem drinking and peer drinking were more likely to engage in physical fighting, being injured, and injuring others in fights than drinkers who did not report these drinking behaviors even after controlling for drinking frequency and binge drinking. The findings highlight the need for violence prevention programs that focus on the reduction of alcohol use among adolescents. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Hlth Ecuc & Recreat, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Swahn, MH (reprint author), CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Mailstop K60,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mswahn@cdc.gov RI Swahn, Monica/A-7545-2009 OI Swahn, Monica/0000-0002-6663-3885 FU NICHD NIH HHS [P01-HD31921] NR 10 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4603 J9 ADDICT BEHAV JI Addict. Behav. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 29 IS 5 BP 959 EP 963 DI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.02.043 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA 836NQ UT WOS:000222563000015 PM 15219342 ER PT J AU Blaney, NT Fernandez, MI Ethier, KA Wilson, TE Walter, E Koenig, LJ AF Blaney, NT Fernandez, MI Ethier, KA Wilson, TE Walter, E Koenig, LJ CA Perinatal Guidelines Evaluation P TI Psychosocial and behavioral correlates of depression among HIV-infected pregnant women SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION; SOCIAL SUPPORT; RISK-FACTORS; POSTNATAL DEPRESSION; SEROPOSITIVE WOMEN; BIRTH-WEIGHT; LIFE STRESS; PREVALENCE; DISORDERS AB This study addressed two aims: (1) to assess the level of depressive symptoms among pregnant, HIV-infected racial and ethnic minority women and (2) to identify potentially modifiable factors associated with prenatal depression in order to foster proactive clinical screening and intervention for these women. Baseline interview data collected from HIV-infected women participating in the Perinatal Guidelines Evaluation Project were analyzed. Participants were from prenatal clinics in four areas representative of the U.S. HIV/AIDS epidemic among women. Of the final sample (n = 307), 280 were minorities (218 blacks [African American and Carribean], 62 Hispanic). Standardized interviews assessed potential psychosocial factors associated with pregnancy-related depression and psychological distress (life stressors, inadequate social support, and ineffective coping skills) in a population for whom little work has been done. Depressive symptomatology was considerable, despite excluding somatic items in order to avoid confounding from prenatal or HIV-related physical symptoms. The psychosocial factors significantly predicted the level of prenatal depressive symptoms beyond the effects of demographic and health-related factors. Perceived stress, social isolation, and disengagement coping were associated with greater depression, positive partner support with lower depression. These findings demonstrate that psychosocial and behavioral factors amenable to clinical intervention are associated with prenatal depression among women of color with HIV. Routine screening to identify those currently depressed or at risk for depression should be integrated into prenatal HIV-care settings to target issues most needing intervention. C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Miami, FL USA. CDCP, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. SUNY Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Community Hlth & Prevent Med, Brooklyn, NY USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Blaney, NT (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol Res D53, POB 016960, Miami, FL 33101 USA. EM ntblaney@naxs.net NR 63 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 12 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD JUL PY 2004 VL 18 IS 7 BP 405 EP 415 DI 10.1089/1087291041518201 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 842YQ UT WOS:000223041000005 PM 15307929 ER PT J AU Levine, WC Dicker, LW Devine, O Mosure, DJ AF Levine, WC Dicker, LW Devine, O Mosure, DJ TI Indirect estimation of chlamydia screening coverage using public health surveillance data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adolescent; chlamydia; mass screening ID TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; PREVALENCE; WOMEN AB Although routine screening of all sexually active adolescent females for Chlamydia trachomatis infection is recommended at least annually in the United States, no national or state-specific population-based estimates of chlamydia screening coverage are known to exist. Conclusions regarding screening coverage have often been based on surveys of health care provider or facility screening practices, but such surveys do not consider persons who do not seek care at these facilities or who seek care at more than one facility. The authors developed a method to estimate the proportion of sexually active females aged 15-19 years screened for chlamydia in 45 states and the District of Columbia by using national data on chlamydia positivity, estimates of sexual activity from the National Survey of Family Growth, and chlamydial infections reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Because of uncertainty regarding these values and related assumptions, credibility intervals were calculated by using a Monte Carlo model. When this model was used, the median state-specific proportion of sexually active females aged 15-19 years screened in 2000 was 60% (90% credibility interval: 55, 66). These results and this method should be evaluated for their utility in guiding implementation of national and state chlamydia control programs. C1 CDCP, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mosure, DJ (reprint author), CDCP, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifon Rd,MS E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM djm1@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 160 IS 1 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1093/aje/kwh162 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 834HV UT WOS:000222403100013 PM 15229122 ER PT J AU Chorba, T Scholes, D BlueSpruce, J Operskalski, BH Irwin, K AF Chorba, T Scholes, D BlueSpruce, J Operskalski, BH Irwin, K TI Sexually transmitted diseases and managed care: An inquiry and review of issues affecting service delivery SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL QUALITY LA English DT Review DE Chlamydia trachomatis; cost; health care; managed care; patient education; prevention; public health; risk assessment; sexually transmitted diseases ID PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; FAMILY-PLANNING CLINICS; LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; STD RISK-ASSESSMENT; PUBLIC-HEALTH; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; HIV RISK; PREVENTIVE SERVICES AB To understand the potential role of managed care organizations (MCOs) in prevention and control of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), we conducted a systematic review of articles on STDs and managed care and sought qualitative information from MCOs on STD-related activities. The review focused on prevention, risk assessment, patient education, counseling, screening, and costs of care, but revealed relatively few published articles. Barriers to STD service delivery included competing priorities, lack of time or supporting organizational structures, and differing mandates of health departments and MCOs. Facilitators included collaboration between health departments and MCOs, regulatory and performance incentives, buy-in from key stakeholders, availability of infrastructure to support data collection, and inclusion of chlamydia screening in the Health Employer Data and Information Set to monitor plan performance. Because of the shift of STD service delivery from the public to private sector, incentives need to maximize interest and cooperation of patients, clinicians, and MCOs in STD prevention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Serv & Evaluat Branch, Div Std HIV Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Integrated Grp Practice Qual Dept, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. RP Chorba, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Serv & Evaluat Branch, Div Std HIV Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tlc2@cdc.gov NR 123 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 7 U2 9 PU AMER COLLEGE MEDICAL QUALITY PI BETHESDA PA 4334 MONTGOMERY AVE, 2ND FL, BETHESDA, MD 20814-4402 USA SN 1062-8606 J9 AM J MED QUAL JI Am. J. Med. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 19 IS 4 BP 145 EP 156 DI 10.1177/106286060401900403 PG 12 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 844EU UT WOS:000223141100003 PM 15368779 ER PT J AU Kim, C Beckles, GL AF Kim, C Beckles, GL TI Cardiovascular disease risk reduction in the behavioral risk factor surveillance system SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE PROFESSIONALS; AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; LIPID-LOWERING-THERAPY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; HIGH BLOOD-PRESSURE; UNITED-STATES; ASPIRIN USE; CARDIAC-CATHETERIZATION AB Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk-reduction practices are Suboptimal in populations at high risk for CVD, and this problem may be worse in women than in men. Methods: In 2003, CVD risk-reduction practices were compared between men and women after stratification by CVD risk status (high, intermediate, low) in a cross-sectional analysis of the 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a random-digit telephone survey of state population-based samples of the civilian non-institutionalized population of adults. This analysis included persons aged >40 years who answered questions regarding lipid and blood pressure screening, recommendations for lifestyle modification, that is, exercise and reduced fat intake, and aspirin use. Risk status was defined according to Adult Treatment Panel III definitions. Results: In the 97,387 adults included in this analysis, high CVD risk was associated with lipid and blood pressure screening, lifestyle modification, and aspirin use in both men and women compared to intermediate-risk and low-risk (p < 0.001). Among high-risk adults, men and women reported similar frequency of blood pressure and cholesterol measurement and physician advice on lifestyle modification; among intermediate-risk and low-risk adults, women reported slightly more frequent screening and lifestyle modification than men (p < 0.001). In all CVD risk categories, women reported significantly less aspirin use than in men (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Among people at high risk for CVD, women report lifestyle modification more often than men, while men report use of aspirin more often than women. These findings may assist with targeting interventions to reduce CVD risk to the unique needs of men and women. (C) 2004 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Univ Michigan, Div Gen Internal Med, Dept Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Div Gen Internal Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kim, C (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Div Gen Internal Med, Dept Med, 300 N Ingalls Bldg,Room 7C13,Box 0429, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cathkim@med.umich.edu NR 58 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.03.008 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 831SK UT WOS:000222216200001 PM 15212768 ER PT J AU Mehrotra, C Naimi, TS Serdula, M Bolen, J Pearson, K AF Mehrotra, C Naimi, TS Serdula, M Bolen, J Pearson, K TI Arthritis, body mass index, and professional advice to lose weight - Implications for clinical medicine and public health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; HIP OSTEOARTHRITIS; PHYSICIAN ADVICE; OSTEO-ARTHRITIS; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT; WOMEN; RISK; ASSOCIATION; ADULTS AB Background: Arthritis is the leading cause of disability in the United States. Obesity is a risk factor for arthritis, but the relationship between arthritis and weight has not been well characterized at the population level in the United States. Previous research shows that physicians often fail to advise their obese patients to lose weight. Objectives: To describe the relationship between body weight and arthritis in the United States, and to assess predictors of efforts to lose weight among obese adults with arthritis, including the impact of professional advice to lose weight. Methods: Data from the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Syste (a population-based survey of U.S. adults) from the 35 states that collected information on weight and height, arthritis, and efforts to lose weight. Arthritis was based on self-report of doctor diagnosis or chronic joint symptoms. Main outcome measures were arthritis and efforts to lose weight among adults with arthritis. Results: Overall, 31.7% of respondents had self-reported arthritis. There was a strong relationship between body weight and arthritis. Specifically, the prevalence of arthritis was 25.9% among normal weight (18.5 to 24.9 body mass index [BMI]) adults; 32.1% among overweight (25 to 29.9 BMI) adults; and 43.5% among obese (>30 BMI) adults. This association persisted after adjusting for other factors (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] for having arthritis among obese individuals compared with healthy weight individuals, 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] =3.2-3.8). Among obese adults with arthritis who had a routine checkup within the past 12 months, only 43% were advised to lose weight by a health professional. However, recipients of such advice were more likely to try to lose weight than nonrecipients, and professional advice was the strongest independent predictor of weight loss efforts (AOR=2.8; 95% CI=2.5-3.1). Conclusions: Body mass index (BMI) is an important independent risk factor for self-reported arthritis. Although physicians often fail to advise obese adults with arthritis to lose weight, adults who report receiving such advice were more likely to report weight-loss efforts. Improved awareness of the relationship between arthritis and weight might help motivate patients to lose weight, and physician advice to lose weight could contribute to the prevention and treatment of arthritis. (C) 2004 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Bur Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Div Hlth Care Financing, Bur Hlth Informat, Madison, WI USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mehrotra, C (reprint author), CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bfz1@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1 BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.ampre.2004.03.007 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 831SK UT WOS:000222216200003 PM 15212770 ER PT J AU Brownson, RC Baker, EA Boyd, RL Caito, NM Duggan, K Housemann, RA Kreuter, MW Mitchell, T Motton, F Pulley, C Schmid, TL Walton, D AF Brownson, RC Baker, EA Boyd, RL Caito, NM Duggan, K Housemann, RA Kreuter, MW Mitchell, T Motton, F Pulley, C Schmid, TL Walton, D TI A community-based approach to promoting walking in rural areas SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PREVENTING CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK-FACTOR SURVEILLANCE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; HEALTH PROMOTION; UNITED-STATES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; INTERVENTIONS; DETERMINANTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; REDUCTION AB Background: Ecologic models are often recommended to promote physical activity, yet sparse data exist on their effectiveness. Design: A quasi-experimental design examined changes in walking behavior in six rural intervention communities in the Missouri "bootheel" region and in six comparison communities in Arkansas and Tennessee. Setting/Participants: The communities ranged in population from 2399 to 17,642; interventions focused on adults aged greater than or equal to18 years. Intervention: Interventions were developed with community input and included individually tailored newsletters, interpersonal activities that stressed social support, and community-wide events such as walk-a-thons. Main Outcome Measures: Primary outcomes were rates of walking-trail use, total number of minutes walked in the past week, and total minutes walked for exercise. Results: Among persons who used trails at baseline (16.9% of the total population), 32.1% reported increases in physical activity since they began using the trail. From community-wide samples, two subgroups indicated a positive net change in rates of 7-day total walking: people with high school degrees or less and people living in households with annual incomes of less than or equal to$20,000. However, no studied group showed a statistically significant net intervention effect. Conclusions: Although there was an increase in the rate of walking-trail rise, a community-wide change in walking rates in rural communities was not documented. Results of this study should provide guidance for future projects. (C) 2004 American journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Hlth Commun Res Lab, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. Mississippi Cty Heart Hlth Coalit, Charleston, MO USA. Scott Cty Heart Hlth Coalit, Sikeston, MO USA. Dunklin Cty Heart Hlth Coalit, Kennett, MO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Pemiscot Cty Heart Hlth Coalit, Caruthersville, MO USA. RP Brownson, RC (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, 3545 Lafayette Ave,Salus Ctr 469, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. EM brownson@slu.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU710806] NR 44 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1 BP 28 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.ampre.2004.03.015 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 831SK UT WOS:000222216200005 PM 15212772 ER PT J AU Elder, RW Shults, RA Sleet, DA Nichols, JL Thompson, RS Rajab, W AF Elder, RW Shults, RA Sleet, DA Nichols, JL Thompson, RS Rajab, W CA Task Force Community Preventive TI Effectiveness of mass media campaigns for reducing drinking and driving and alcohol-involved crashes - A systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID FEAR APPEALS; HEALTH; STATE AB A systematic review of the effectiveness of mass media campaigns for reducing alcohol-impaired driving (AID) and alcohol-related crashes was conducted for the Guide to Community Preventive Services (Community Guide). In eight studies that met quality criteria for inclusion in the review, the median decrease in alcohol-related crashes resulting from the campaigns was 13% (interquartile range: 6% to 14%). Economic analyses of campaign effects indicated that the societal benefits were greater than the costs. The mass media campaigns reviewed were generally carefully planned, well executed, attained adequate audience exposure, and were implemented in conjunction with other ongoing prevention activities, such as high visibility enforcement. According to Community Guide rules of evidence, there is strong evidence that, tinder these conditions, mass media campaigns are effective in reducing AID and alcohol-related crashes. (C) 2004 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 CDCP, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Nichols & Associates, Washington, DC USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. RP Elder, RW (reprint author), CDCP, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rfe3@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 136 Z9 140 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1 BP 57 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.03.002 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 831SK UT WOS:000222216200009 PM 15212776 ER PT J AU Elder, RW AF Elder, RW CA Task Force Community Preventive TI Recommendation for use of mass media campaigns to reduce alcohol-impaired driving SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Elder, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rfe3@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1 BP 66 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.03.001 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 831SK UT WOS:000222216200010 ER PT J AU Williamson, DF AF Williamson, DF TI Weight change in middle-aged Americans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID US ADULTS; OVERWEIGHT; PREVALENCE; GAIN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat K10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Williamson, DF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat K10, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM drw1@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1 BP 81 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.03.014 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 831SK UT WOS:000222216200013 PM 15212780 ER PT J AU Waterman, S Stolp, C AF Waterman, S Stolp, C TI The North American free trade agreement and public health at the US-Mexico border SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, LBJ Sch Publ Policy, Interamer Policy Studies Program, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Waterman, S (reprint author), Calif Off Binatl Border Hlth, POB 85524,Mail Stop P-511B, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. EM shw2@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 2004 VL 94 IS 7 BP 1077 EP 1077 DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.7.1077 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 835XK UT WOS:000222518600006 PM 15226120 ER PT J AU Jones, SE Wheeler, L AF Jones, SE Wheeler, L TI Asthma inhalers in schools: Rights of students with asthma to a free appropriate education SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; PROGRAM; TRENDS AB Students who possess and self-administer their asthma medications can prevent or reduce the severity of asthma episodes. In many states, laws or policies allow students to possess and self-administer asthma medications at school. In the absence of a state or local law or policy allowing public school students to possess inhalers and self-medicate to treat asthma, 3 federal statutes may require public schools to permit the carrying of such medications by students: the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and Title 11 of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Local policies and procedures can be based on these federal laws to ensure that Students with asthma can take their medicines as needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Jones, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sce2@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 2004 VL 94 IS 7 BP 1102 EP 1108 DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.7.1102 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 835XK UT WOS:000222518600016 PM 15226127 ER PT J AU Metsch, LR Pereyra, M del Rio, C Gardner, L Duffus, WA Dickinson, G Kerndt, P Anderson-Mahoney, P Strathdee, SA Greenberg, AE AF Metsch, LR Pereyra, M del Rio, C Gardner, L Duffus, WA Dickinson, G Kerndt, P Anderson-Mahoney, P Strathdee, SA Greenberg, AE CA Antiretroviral Treatment Access St TI Delivery of HIV prevention counseling by physicians at HIV medical care settings in 4 US cities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PROVIDERS TALKING; RISK BEHAVIOR; HEALTH-CARE; DRUG-USERS; SAFER SEX; ADHERENCE; COMMUNICATION; STRATEGIES; DISCLOSURE AB Objectives. We investigated physicians' delivery of HIV prevention counseling to newly diagnosed and established HIV-positive patients. Methods. A questionnaire was developed and mailed to 417 HIV physicians in 4 US cities. Results. Overall, rates of counseling on the part of physicians were low. Physicians reported counseling newly diagnosed patients more than established patients. Factors associated with increased counseling included having sufficient time with patients and familiarity with treatment guidelines. Physicians who perceived their patients to have mental health and substance abuse problems, who served more male patients, and who were infectious disease specialists were less likely to counsel patients. Conclusions. Intervention strategies with physicians should be developed to overcome barriers to providing counseling to HIV-positive patients. C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Med, Miami, FL USA. Hlth Res Assoc, Los Angeles, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Metsch, LR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 1801 NW 9th Ave,Suite 330A, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM lmetsch@med.miami.edu RI Strathdee, Steffanie/B-9042-2009; del Rio, Carlos/B-3763-2012 OI del Rio, Carlos/0000-0002-0153-3517 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU317654, U64/CCU417657, U64/CCU417672, U64/CCU917638] NR 41 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 2004 VL 94 IS 7 BP 1186 EP 1192 DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.7.1186 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 835XK UT WOS:000222518600030 PM 15226141 ER PT J AU Mori, T Sakatani, M Yamagishi, F Takashima, T Kawabe, Y Nagao, K Shigeto, E Harada, N Mitarai, S Okada, M Suzuki, K Inoue, Y Tsuyuguchi, K Sasaki, Y Mazurek, GH Tsuyuguchi, I AF Mori, T Sakatani, M Yamagishi, F Takashima, T Kawabe, Y Nagao, K Shigeto, E Harada, N Mitarai, S Okada, M Suzuki, K Inoue, Y Tsuyuguchi, K Sasaki, Y Mazurek, GH Tsuyuguchi, I TI Specific detection of tuberculosis infection an interferon-gamma-based assay using new antigens SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE bacillus Calmette-Guerin; diagnostics; infection; IFN-gamma; tuberculosis ID T-CELL RESPONSES; ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS; ESAT-6; DIAGNOSIS; CFP-10; CONTACTS; REAGENTS; PROTEIN; DISEASE; PPD AB The tuberculin skin test for immunologic diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has many limitations, including being confounded by bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination or exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria. M. tuberculosis-specific antigens that are absent from BCG and most nontuberculous mycobacteria have been identified. We examined the use of two of these antigens, CFP-10 and ESAT-6, in a whole blood IFN-gamma assay as a diagnostic test for tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated individuals. Because of the lack of an accurate standard with which to compare new tests for M. tuberculosis infection, specificity of the whole blood IFN-gamma assay was estimated on the basis of data from people with no identified risk for M. tuberculosis exposure (216 BCG-vaccinated Japanese adults) and sensitivity was estimated on the basis of data from 118 patients with culture-confirmed M. tuberculosis infection who had received less than 1 week of treatment. Using a combination of CFP-10 and ESAT-6 responses, the specificity of the test for the low-risk group was 98.1% and the sensitivity for patients with M. tuberculosis infection was 89.0%. The results demonstrate that the whole blood IFN-gamma assay using CFP-10 and ESAT-6 was highly specific and sensitive for M. tuberculosis infection and was unaffected by BCG vaccination status. C1 Res Inst Tuberculosis, Tokyo 2048533, Japan. Tokyo Natl Hosp 2, Tokyo, Japan. Natl Kinki Cent Hosp Chest Dis, Osaka, Japan. Osaka Prefecture Hosp, Osaka, Japan. Natl Hiroshima Hosp, Hiroshima, Japan. Chiba Univ, Sch Med, Chiba 280, Japan. Natl Chiba Higashi Hosp, Chiba 280, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Mori, T (reprint author), Res Inst Tuberculosis, 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Tokyo 2048533, Japan. NR 27 TC 435 Z9 455 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 170 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1164/rccm.200402-179OC PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 833HQ UT WOS:000222328200016 PM 15059788 ER PT J AU Woods, CW Ospanov, K Myrzabekov, A Favorov, M Plikaytis, B Ashford, DA AF Woods, CW Ospanov, K Myrzabekov, A Favorov, M Plikaytis, B Ashford, DA TI Risk factors for human anthrax among contacts of anthrax-infected livestock in Kazakhstan SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted in Kazakhstan to define modifiable risk factors during seven outbreaks of human anthrax. Fifty-three cases and 255 non-ill persons with an epidemiologic link to an infected animal were enrolled. Cases were 58% male and had a median age of 35 years (range = 5-71). Nearly all cases had cutaneous disease (96%). Two patients (4%) were diagnosed with gastrointestinal disease. Although all cases had some contact with an infected animal other than consumption, in multivariable analysis the act of butchering an animal (relative risk [RR] = 3.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5-9.6) and the presence of visible cuts on the hands were associated with anthrax (RR = 3.0, 95% CI = 0.9-9.6). Contact with infected livestock, in particular butchering, is associated with developing anthrax. The risk may be exacerbated by the presence of cuts on the hands at the time of contact with the animal or animal products. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Durham, NC 27705 USA. Republ Sanitary Epidemiol Stn, Alma Ata 480008, Kazakhstan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. RP Woods, CW (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Serv 113,508 Fulton St, Durham, NC 27705 USA. EM rses@netmail.kz; mfavorov@usaid.gov; bdp1@cdc.gov; dba4@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 71 IS 1 BP 48 EP 52 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 837HN UT WOS:000222619600009 PM 15238688 ER PT J AU Talan, DA Moran, GJ Pinner, R AF Talan, DA Moran, GJ Pinner, R TI Update on emerging infections: News from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MURINE TYPHUS C1 Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Talan, DA (reprint author), Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, 14445 Olive View Dr, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 43 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.04.004 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 835DO UT WOS:000222460700005 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Ford, ES Giles, WH Croft, JB Balluz, LS Mokdad, AH AF Brown, DW Ford, ES Giles, WH Croft, JB Balluz, LS Mokdad, AH TI Associations between white blood cell count and risk for cerebrovascular disease mortality: NHANES II mortality study, 1976-1992 SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE white blood cell count; cerebrovascular disease; mortality; survival analysis ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; NATIONAL DEATH INDEX; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; FOLLOW-UP; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ARTERY-DISEASE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK; ISCHEMIC STROKE; INFLAMMATION AB PURPOSE: To examine associations between elevated white blood cell count (WBC) and cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) mortality independent of cigarette smoking and by gender. METHODS: We used Cox regression analyses of data from 8459 adults (3982 men; 4477 women) aged 30 to 75 years in the NHANES 11 Mortality Study (1976-1992) to estimate the relative risk of death from CeVD across quartiles of WBC. RESULTS: During 17 years of follow-up, there were 192 deaths from CeVD (93 men; 99 women). Compared with those with WBC (cells/mm(3)) < 5700, adults with WBC > 8200 were at increased risk of CeVD mortality (relative risk [RR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-3.7) after adjustment for smoking and other cardiovascular disease risk factors. Similar results were observed among never smokers (1111, 2.0; 95% Cl, 1.0-3.8). The adjusted relative risk of CeVD mortality comparing those with WBC > 8200 to those with WBC < 5700 was 1.5 (95% Cl, 0.7-3.5) among men and 2.7 (95% Cl, 1.45.0) among women. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated WBC may predict CeVD mortality even after considering the effects of smoking and other cardiovascular disease risk factors. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), MSPH, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dbrown6@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 14 IS 6 BP 425 EP 430 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2003.11.002 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 841ME UT WOS:000222933600008 PM 15246331 ER PT J AU Ramsey, AH Belongia, EA Chyou, PH Davis, JP AF Ramsey, AH Belongia, EA Chyou, PH Davis, JP TI Appropriateness of Lyme disease serologic testing SO ANNALS OF FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY DEC 16-19, 2001 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Bayer Corp, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline DE Lyme disease; serologic tests/utilization; Borrelia burgdorferi ID OVERDIAGNOSIS; OVERTREATMENT; MISDIAGNOSIS AB BACKGROUND Although rapid diagnosis of Lyme disease is essential for effective treatment, there is concern about inappropriate testing. We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional survey of clinicians to assess the use and appropriateness of Lyme disease serologic tests (LDSTs). METHODS LDSTs performed at 2 large Wisconsin reference laboratories were systematically sampled for 12 consecutive months. A standardized questionnaire was used to gather data about the submitting clinician and the patient tested. Tests were categorized as appropriate, inappropriate, or discretionary, and associations were assessed using logistic regression analysis. A test was defined as inappropriate if the patient was asymptomatic, had erythema migrans, or was treated empirically, or if the test was ordered as a test of cure. RESULTS We surveyed 303 clinicians regarding 356 LDSTS: 72 tests (20%) were appropriate, 95 (27%) were inappropriate, and 189 (53%) were discretionary. Tests were more likely to be inappropriate if they were ordered by an emergency or urgent care physician compared with other specialists (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 5.2, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-20.6), or if preceded by a known tick bite (AOR 6.8, 95% CI, 2.6-17.6). The patient rather than the clinician requested 26% of tests, which were more likely to be inappropriate than clinician-requested tests (crude odds ratio [COR] 5.8, 95% CI, 2.5-13.6). Tests were more likely to be patient-requested if they were ordered by an internist (AOR 2.6, 95% CI, 1.4-4.8) or if the patient was greater than or equal to40 years old (AOR 2.2, 95% CI, 1.3-3.9). CONCLUSIONS Many LDSTs are ordered inappropriately, often influenced by patient demand. Education of clinicians and patients about testing indications and contraindications is needed to reduce the number of inappropriate LDSTS. C1 Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Epidemiol Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis, Madison, WI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Belongia, EA (reprint author), Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Epidemiol Res Ctr, 1000 N Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM belongia.edward@mmrf.mfldclin.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR8/CCU513366-01] NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNALS FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEAWOOD PA 11400 TOMAHAWK CREEK PARKWAY, LEAWOOD, KS 66211-2672, UNITED STATES SN 1544-1709 J9 ANN FAM MED JI Ann. Fam. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 2 IS 4 BP 341 EP 344 DI 10.1370/afm.117 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 879JU UT WOS:000225714900010 PM 15335133 ER PT J AU Townes, JM Thompson, M Barkhuizen, A Sobel, J Wagner, M Deodhar, AA AF Townes, JM Thompson, M Barkhuizen, A Sobel, J Wagner, M Deodhar, AA TI Incidence of reactive arthritis and other musculoskeletal sequelae of enteric bacterial infection in Oregon: A population-based study SO ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual European Congress of Rheumatology (EULAR 2004) CY JUN 09-12, 2004 CL Berlin, GERMANY C1 Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Infect Dis, Portland, OR USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Arthrit & Rheumat Dis, Portland, OR USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Off Dis Control & Epidemiol, Portland, OR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0003-4967 J9 ANN RHEUM DIS JI Ann. Rheum. Dis. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 63 SU 1 BP 106 EP 106 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 863HH UT WOS:000224551500330 ER PT J AU Collins, KM Hochberg, LP Ryan, PR Collins, WE Wirtz, RA Ryan, JR AF Collins, KM Hochberg, LP Ryan, PR Collins, WE Wirtz, RA Ryan, JR TI Quantification of Plasmodium malariae infection in mosquito vectors SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SPOROZOITES; FALCIPARUM; VIVAX AB Plasmodium malariae occurs in various tropical regions throughout the world and causes low, yet significant, levels of morbidity in human populations. One means of studying the ecology and frequency of this parasite is by measuring sporozoite loads in the salivary glands of infected mosquitoes. An effective, species-specific test that can be used to detect the presence of sporozoites in mosquitoes is the circumsporozoite ELISA. The aim of the present study was to standardize the circumsporozoite ELISA for P. malariae, by setting quantification parameters using, as antigen, either a synthetic peptide or extracts of whole sporozoites. The standard quantification curves produced indicated that the assay had a lower threshold of sensitivity of 250 sporozoites in a 50-mul sample, equivalent to about 1250 sporozoites in a mosquito. C1 Cepheid, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ryan, JR (reprint author), Cepheid, 120 Beth Court, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ryan@cepheid.com NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 98 IS 5 BP 469 EP 472 DI 10.1179/000349804225003479 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 839NP UT WOS:000222792100006 PM 15257796 ER PT J AU Zeidner, NS Brandt, KS Dadey, E Dolan, MC Happ, C Piesman, J AF Zeidner, NS Brandt, KS Dadey, E Dolan, MC Happ, C Piesman, J TI Sustained-release formulation of doxycycline hyclate for prophylaxis of tick bite infection in a murine model of Lyme borreliosis SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID DISEASE SPIROCHETE; BURGDORFERI; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; TISSUES; TRIAL AB The prophylactic potential of a single injection of sustained-release doxycycline hyclate (Atridox) was compared to that of a single oral dose of doxycycline hyclate in a murine model of Lyme borreliosis. Prophylaxis, as measured by the lack of cultivable spirochetes and demonstrable pathology, was noted for 43% of orally treated mice; in contrast, the sustained-release doxycycline hyclate completely protected mice from infection and resultant pathology. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Atrix Labs, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Zeidner, NS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087,Rampart Rd,Foothill Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM naz2@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 48 IS 7 BP 2697 EP 2699 DI 10.1128/48.7.2697-2699.2004 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 834RC UT WOS:000222427200050 PM 15215128 ER PT J AU Zhou, L Kassa, H Tischler, ML Xiao, LH AF Zhou, L Kassa, H Tischler, ML Xiao, LH TI Host-adapted Cryptosporidium spp. in Canada geese (Branta canadensis) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARVUM OOCYSTS; HUMAN FECES; IDENTIFICATION; GENOTYPES; INFECTION; HUMANS; GOOSE AB The prevalence and distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. in the fecal droppings of the free-living waterfowl Canada geese were examined at 13 sites in Ohio and Illinois. On the basis of the analysis of the small-subunit rRNA gene by PCR, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing, 49 (23.4%) of 209 fecal specimens collected from 10 sites (76.9%) were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. The following five Cryptosporidium species and genotypes were identified: Cryptosporidium goose genotype I (in 36 specimens), Cryptosporidium goose genotype II (in 9 specimens), Cryptosporidium duck genotype (in I specimen), Cryptosporidium parvum (in 4 specimens), and C. hominis (in 2 specimens). Cryptosporidium goose genotype I was the most prevalent parasite and was found at all five Cryptosporidium-positive sites in Ohio and at four of five positive sites in Illinois, followed by Cryptosporidium goose genotype II, which was found at two of five positive sites in Ohio and at four of five positive sites in Illinois. Cryptosporidium goose genotype II was detected for the first time, and it is phylogenetically related to goose genotype I and the duck genotype. All three genotypes have not so far been reported in humans, and their pathogenicity in geese has not been determined. Only 10.2% of the Cryptosporidium-positive specimens had C. parvum and C. hominis. The results of this study indicate that Canada geese might only serve as accidental carriers of cryptosporidia infectious to humans and probably play a minor role in the animal-to-human transmission cycle of the pathogen. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, CDCP, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Publ Allied Hlth, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. Benedictine Univ, Lisle, IL 60532 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, CDCP, Div Parasit Dis, Bldg 22,Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 25 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 70 IS 7 BP 4211 EP 4215 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.7.4211-4215.2004 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 839BP UT WOS:000222758600056 PM 15240303 ER PT J AU Lee, KC Finkelstein, JA Miroshnik, IL Rusinak, D Santoli, JM Lett, SM Lieu, TA AF Lee, KC Finkelstein, JA Miroshnik, IL Rusinak, D Santoli, JM Lett, SM Lieu, TA TI Pediatricians' self-reported clinical practices and adherence to national immunization guidelines after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ ID HEPATITIS-B-VACCINE; MULTIPLE INJECTIONS; FEBRILE CHILDREN; OFFICE SETTINGS; UNITED-STATES; RECOMMENDATIONS; IMPACT; ADOLESCENTS; MANAGEMENT; INFECTION AB Background: Little is known about whether pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has altered pediatricians' practices regarding well-child and acute care. Objectives: To (1) describe whether PCV caused pediatricians to move other routine infant vaccines and/or add routine visits; (2) characterize adherence to national immunization recommendations; and (3) determine whether PCV altered pediatricians' planned clinical approach to well-appearing febrile infants. Design and Methods: One year after PCV was added to the pediatric immunization schedule, we mailed a 23-item survey to 691 randomly selected pediatricians in Massachusetts. The adjusted response rate was 77%. Results: After PCV introduction, 39% of pediatricians moved other routine infant vaccines to different visits and 15% added routine visits to the infant schedule. The self-reported immunization schedules of 36% were nonadherent to national immunization guidelines for at least 1 vaccine. Nonadherence rates were significantly higher among pediatricians who had been in practice longer, moved another vaccine because of PCV introduction, and/or offered to give shots later when multiple injections were due. For a hypothetical febrile 8-month-old girl who had received 3 doses of PCV, pediatricians reported they were significantly less likely to (1) perform both blood and urine testing and (2) prescribe antibiotics than in the pre-PCV era. Conclusions: The introduction of PCV may have had unintended effects on pediatric primary care, including decreased adherence to national recommendations for the timing of immunizations and decreased urine testing for well-appearing febrile infants. Special efforts may be warranted to ensure that pediatricians remain current with changing recommendations. C1 Harvard Univ, Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Ctr Child Hlth Care Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Pediat Hlth Serv Res Fellowship, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth Policy, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Childrens Hosp, Div Gen Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Immunizat, Boston, MA USA. RP Lieu, TA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Ctr Child Hlth Care Studies, 133 Brookline Ave,6th Floor, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM tracy_lieu@harvardpilgrim.org NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 158 IS 7 BP 695 EP 701 DI 10.1001/archpedi.158.7.695 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 836PY UT WOS:000222569200014 PM 15237070 ER PT J AU Farkas, T Zhong, WM Jing, Y Huang, PW Espinosa, SM Martinez, N Morrow, AL Ruiz-Palacios, GM Pickering, LK Jiang, X AF Farkas, T Zhong, WM Jing, Y Huang, PW Espinosa, SM Martinez, N Morrow, AL Ruiz-Palacios, GM Pickering, LK Jiang, X TI Genetic diversity among sapoviruses SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAPPORO-LIKE VIRUSES; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; HUMAN CALICIVIRUSES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ENTERIC CALICIVIRUSES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GASTROENTERITIS; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISTINCT AB Norovirus and Sapovirus are two genera of the family Caliciviridae that contain viruses that can cause acute gastroenteritis in humans. Noroviruses (NOR) are genetically highly diverse but limited studies of the genetic diversity of sapoviruses (SAP) have been reported. In this study we characterized twenty-five SAP detected in our laboratory from outbreaks or sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis in children from different geographical locations and in adults involved in a cruise ship outbreak investigation and a nursing home outbreak. Based on significant differences of partial RNA polymerase sequences (278-286 nt), the 25 strains were grouped into 12 genetic clusters, including 9 potential new clusters. Extended sequence analysis of the capsid gene of selected strains representing five potential new clusters supported this grouping. Four strains (Hou7-1181/90, Mex340/90, Cruise ship/00 and Argentina39) had <84% amino acid (aa) identity to each other and to the published sequences in the GenBank. Mex14917/00 was almost identical to Stockholm/97/SE whose RNA polymerase sequence was unknown. Phylogenetic and distance analyses of the capsid region of the four new strains showed that Hou7-1181/90 and Argentina39 represent two new genogroups and Mex340/90 and Cruise ship/00 belong to two new clusters within the London/92 genogroup. Thus, based on the capsid sequences we propose to classify the currently known SAP into nine genetic clusters within five genogroups, including one genogroup that is represented by an animal calicivirus, the porcine enteric calicivirus (PEC). C1 Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Cincinnati, OH USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. Cent Hosp, Virol Lab, Mendoza, Argentina. Inst Med Serv & Nutr, Dept Infect Dis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Farkas, T (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM Tibor.Farkas@cchmc.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI37093]; NICHD NIH HHS [P01 HD13021] NR 30 TC 181 Z9 191 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 149 IS 7 BP 1309 EP 1323 DI 10.1007/s00705-004-0296-9 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 832BC UT WOS:000222241100004 PM 15221533 ER PT J AU Yelin, E Cisternas, MG Pasta, DJ Trupin, L Murphy, L Helmick, CG AF Yelin, E Cisternas, MG Pasta, DJ Trupin, L Murphy, L Helmick, CG TI Medical care expenditures and earnings losses of persons with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States in 1997 - Total and incremental estimates SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITIONS; ECONOMIC COST; MANAGED CARE; OSTEOARTHRITIS; IMPACT; COMPLEMENTARY; POPULATION; DISEASE; DRUG AB Objective. To provide estimates of the total medical care expenditures and earnings losses associated with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions (AORC), as well as the increment in such costs specifically attributable to these conditions, in the US in 1997. Methods. The estimates were derived from the 1997 Medical Expenditures Panel Survey (MEPS), a national probability sample of 14,147 households including 34,551 persons, of whom 4,776 self-reported arthritis. After weighting, those who self-reported AORC represent 38.4 million persons. We tabulated all medical care expenditures of the adult MEPS respondents, stratified by arthritis and comorbidity status, and then used regression techniques to estimate the increment in health care expenditures attributable to AORC, after taking comorbidity, demographic characteristics, and insurance status into account. Using the same methods, we also estimated the magnitude of the earnings losses sustained by persons of working ages (18-64 years) who had AORC. Results. Persons with AORC incurred mean total medical care expenditures of $4,865 (total $186.9 billion). The largest components of these expenditures were inpatient care (39%), ambulatory care (29%), and prescriptions (14%). The mean increment in medical care expenditures specifically attributable to AORC among those ages 18 years and older was $1,391 (total similar to$51.1 billion). Persons with AORC ages 18-64 years earned $3,812 less on average than did other persons of these ages (total $82.4 billion). Of this average, $1,579 was attributable to the AORC (total $35.1 billion). Conclusion. In 1997, persons with AORC incurred direct and indirect costs of $269.3 billion, of which $86.2 billion was attributable to these conditions. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Rosalind Russell Med Res Ctr Arthrit, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. DMA Corp, Palo Alto, CA USA. MGC Data Serv, Carlsbad, CA USA. RP Yelin, E (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Rosalind Russell Med Res Ctr Arthrit, Box 0920, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM yelin2@itsa.ucsf.edu OI Pasta, David/0000-0003-2637-9293 NR 53 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 50 IS 7 BP 2317 EP 2326 DI 10.1002/art.20298 PG 10 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 839YG UT WOS:000222820300034 PM 15248233 ER PT J AU Jemal, A Clegg, LX Ward, E Ries, LAG Wu, XC Jamison, PM Wingo, PA Howe, HL Anderson, RN Edwards, BK AF Jemal, A Clegg, LX Ward, E Ries, LAG Wu, XC Jamison, PM Wingo, PA Howe, HL Anderson, RN Edwards, BK TI Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2001, with a special feature regarding survival SO CANCER LA English DT Editorial Material DE cancer; incidence; mortality; survival; surveillance; epidemiology; and End Results (SEER); National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR); North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR); vital statistics; U.S ID ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; LOCALIZED PROSTATE-CANCER; ESTROGEN PLUS PROGESTIN; RENAL-CELL CARCINOMA; BLACK-AND-WHITE; BREAST-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; COLORECTAL-CANCER; LUNG-CANCER AB BACKGROUND. The American Cancer Society (ACS), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) collaborate annually to provide updated information regarding cancer occurrence and trends in the U.S. This year's report features a special section on cancer survival. METHODS. information concerning cancer cases was obtained from the NCI, CDC, and NAACCR and information concerning recorded cancer deaths was obtained from the CDC. The authors evaluated trends in age-adjusted cancer incidence and death rates by regression models and described and compared survival rates over time and across racial/ethnic populations. RESULTS. incidence rates for all cancers combined decreased from 1991 through 2001, but stabilized from 1995 through 2001 when adjusted for delay in reporting. The incidence rates for female lung cancer decreased (although not statistically significant for delay adjusted) and mortality leveled off for the first time after increasing for many decades. Colorectal cancer incidence rates also decreased. Death rates decreased for all cancers combined (1.1% per year since 1993) and for many of the top 15 cancers occurring in men and women. The 5-year relative survival rates improved for all cancers combined and for most, but not all, cancers over 2 diagnostic periods (1975-1979 and 1995-2000). However, cancer-specific survival rates were lower and the risk of dying from cancer, once diagnosed, was higher in most minority populations compared with the white population. The relative risk of death from all cancers combined in each racial and ethnic population compared with non-Hispanic white men and women ranged from 1.16 in Hispanic white men to 1.69 in American Indian/Alaska Native men, with the exception of Asian/Pacific Islander women, whose risk of 1.01 was similar to that of non-Hispanic white women. CONCLUSIONS. The continued measurable declines for overall cancer death rates and for many of the top 15 cancers, along with improved survival rates, reflect progress in the prevention, early detection, and treatment of cancer. However, racial and ethnic disparities in survival and the risk of death from cancer, and geographic variation in stage distributions suggest that not a segments of the U.S. population have benefited equally from such advances. Published 2004 by the American Cancer Society.*. C1 Amer Canc Soc, Epidemiol & Surveillance Res Dept, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. N Amer Assoc Cent Canc Registries, Springfield, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Jemal, A (reprint author), Amer Canc Soc, Epidemiol & Surveillance Res Dept, 1599 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM ajemal@cancer.org NR 139 TC 730 Z9 756 U1 9 U2 35 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 1 BP 3 EP 27 DI 10.1002/cncr.20288 PG 25 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 830PF UT WOS:000222134200002 PM 15221985 ER PT J AU Dube, SR Williamson, DF Thompson, T Felitti, VJ Anda, RF AF Dube, SR Williamson, DF Thompson, T Felitti, VJ Anda, RF TI Assessing the reliability of retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences among adult HMO members attending a primary care clinic SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE childhood abuse; dysfunction; retrospective reports; reliability ID HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; SEXUAL ABUSE; WOMEN; HISTORIES; VALIDITY; CHILDREN; SUICIDE; IMPACT; LIFE; RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, DACH, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. RP Dube, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, DACH, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-44-10/11] NR 28 TC 152 Z9 154 U1 1 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 28 IS 7 BP 729 EP 737 DI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.08.009 PG 9 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA 841XT UT WOS:000222966400003 PM 15261468 ER PT J AU Dong, MX Anda, RF Felitti, VJ Dube, SR Williamson, DF Thompson, TJ Loo, CM Giles, WH AF Dong, MX Anda, RF Felitti, VJ Dube, SR Williamson, DF Thompson, TJ Loo, CM Giles, WH TI The interrelatedness of multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE child abuse; child neglect; household dysfunction; interrelationship ID ONTARIO HEALTH SUPPLEMENT; SEXUAL-ABUSE; PHYSICAL ABUSE; NATIONAL SURVEY; TEEN PREGNANCY; ALCOHOL-ABUSE; EXPERIENCES; ADULT; WOMEN; PREVALENCE AB Objective: Childhood abuse and other adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have historically been studied individually, and relatively little is known about the co-occurrence of these events. The purpose of this study is to examine the degree to which ACEs co-occur as well as the nature of their co-occurrence. Method: We used data from 8,629 adult members of a health plan who completed a survey about 10 ACEs which included: childhood abuse (emotional, physical, and sexual), neglect (emotional and physical), witnessing domestic violence, parental marital discord, and living with substance abusing, mentally ill, or criminal household members. The bivariate relationship between each of these 10 ACEs was assessed, and multivariate linear regression models were used to describe the interrelatedness of ACEs after adjusting for demographic factors. Results: Two-thirds of participants reported at least one ACE; 81%-98% of respondents who had experienced one ACE reported at least one additional ACE (median: 87%). The presence of one ACE significantly increased the prevalence of having additional ACEs, elevating the adjusted odds by 2 to 17.7 times (median: 2.8). The observed number of respondents with high ACE scores was notably higher than the expected number under the assumption of independence of ACEs (p < .0001), confirming the statistical interrelatedness of ACEs. Conclusions: The study provides strong evidence that ACEs are interrelated rather than occurring independently. Therefore, collecting information about exposure to other ACEs is advisable for studies that focus on the consequences of a specific ACE. Assessment of multiple ACEs allows for the potential assessment of a graded relationship between these childhood exposures and health and social outcomes. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. RP Dong, MX (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NW MS K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-44-10/11] NR 45 TC 397 Z9 402 U1 5 U2 61 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 28 IS 7 BP 771 EP 784 DI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.01.008 PG 14 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA 841XT UT WOS:000222966400006 PM 15261471 ER PT J AU Stanford, M Whittall, T Bergmeier, LA Lindblad, M Lundin, S Shinnick, T Mizushima, Y Holmgren, J Lehner, T AF Stanford, M Whittall, T Bergmeier, LA Lindblad, M Lundin, S Shinnick, T Mizushima, Y Holmgren, J Lehner, T TI Oral tolerization with peptide 336-351 linked to cholera toxin B subunit in preventing relapses of uveitis in Behcet's disease SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oral tolerization; peptide; uveitis; Behcet's disease ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE UVEORETINITIS; T-CELLS; RETINAL ANTIGENS; TOLERANCE; INDUCTION; RESPONSES; EXPRESSION; MECHANISMS; DIAGNOSIS AB Behcet's disease (BD) specific peptide (p336-351) was identified within the human 60 kD heat shock protein (HSP60). Oral p336-351 induced uveitis in rats which was prevented by oral tolerization with the peptide linked to recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (CTB). This strategy was adopted in a phase I/II clinical trial by oral administration of p336-351-CTB, 3 times weekly, followed by gradual withdrawal of all immunosuppressive drugs used to control the disease in 8 patients with BD. The patients were monitored by clinical and ophthalmological examination, as well as extensive immunological investigations. Oral administration of p336-351-CTB had no adverse effect and withdrawal of the immunosuppressive drugs showed no relapse of uveitis in 5 of 8 patients or 5 of 6 selected patients who were free of disease activity prior to initiating the tolerization regimen. After tolerization was discontinued, 3 of 5 patients remained free of relapsing uveitis for 10-18 months after cessation of all treatment. Control of uveitis and extra-ocular manifestations of BD was associated with a lack of peptide-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation, a decrease in expression of TH1 type cells (CCR5, CXCR3), IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production, CCR7(+) T cells and costimulatory molecules (CD40 and CD28), as compared with an increase in these parameters in patients in whom uveitis had relapsed. The efficacy of oral peptide-CTB tolerization will need to be confirmed in a phase III trial, but this novel strategy in humans might be applicable generally to autoimmune diseases in which specific antigens have been identified. C1 Guys Hosp, Mucosal Immunol Unit, London SE1 9RT, England. Guys Hosp, Dept Ophthalmol, London SE1 9RT, England. Guys Hosp, St Thomas Sch Med & Dent, London SE1 9RT, England. Univ Gothenburg, GUVAX, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Gothenburg, Sweden. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hansens Dis Lab, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. St Marianna Univ, Inst Med Sci, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Lehner, T (reprint author), Guys Hosp, Mucosal Immunol Unit, Guys Tower,Floor 28, London SE1 9RT, England. EM thomas.lehner@kcl.ac.uk OI Whittall, Trevor/0000-0002-2189-3675 NR 34 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0009-9104 J9 CLIN EXP IMMUNOL JI Clin. Exp. Immunol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 137 IS 1 BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02520.x PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 829LO UT WOS:000222050100028 PM 15196263 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Otvos, JD Jeyarajah, EJ Shalaurova, I Cupples, LA Parise, H D'Agostino, RB Wilson, PWF Schaefer, EJ AF Freedman, DS Otvos, JD Jeyarajah, EJ Shalaurova, I Cupples, LA Parise, H D'Agostino, RB Wilson, PWF Schaefer, EJ TI Sex and age differences in lipoprotein subclasses measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: The Framingham study SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; LDL PARTICLE-SIZE; HEPATIC LIPASE ACTIVITY; LOW-DENSITY; HEART-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; SUBFRACTION DISTRIBUTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B AB Background: The sex differential in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, which is not explained by male/ female differences in lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, narrows with age. We examined whether this differential CHD risk might, in part, be attributable to the sizes of lipoprotein particles or concentrations of lipoprotein subclasses. Methods: We analyzed frozen plasma samples from 1574 men and 1692 women from exam cycle 4 (1988-1990) of the Framingham Offspring Study. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to determine the subclass concentrations and mean sizes of VLDL, LDL, and HDL particles. Concentrations of lipids and apolipoproteins were measured by standard chemical methods. Results: In addition to the expected sex differences in concentrations of triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol, women also had a lower-risk subclass profile consisting of larger LDL (0.4 nm) and HDL (0.5 nm) particles. The sex difference was most pronounced for HDL, with women having a twofold higher (8 vs 4 mumol/L) concentration of large HDL particles than men. Furthermore, similar to the narrowing of the sex difference in CHD risk with age, the observed male/female difference in HDL particle size also decreased with age. Although lipoprotein particle sizes were highly correlated with lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, the sex differences in the mean sizes of lipoprotein particles persisted (P < 0.001) even after adjustment for lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. Conclusions: Women have a less atherogenic subclass profile than men, even after accounting for differences in lipid concentrations. (C) 2004 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. LipoSci Inc, Raleigh, NC USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), CDC K26,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DFreedman@cdc.gov OI Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-43230] NR 50 TC 139 Z9 141 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 50 IS 7 BP 1189 EP 1200 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2004.032763 PG 12 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 833UM UT WOS:000222365400011 PM 15107310 ER PT J AU Jay, MT Garrett, V Mohle-Boetani, JC Barros, M Farrar, JA Rios, R Abbott, S Sowadsky, R Komatsu, K Mandrell, R Sobel, J Werner, SB AF Jay, MT Garrett, V Mohle-Boetani, JC Barros, M Farrar, JA Rios, R Abbott, S Sowadsky, R Komatsu, K Mandrell, R Sobel, J Werner, SB TI A multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 infection linked to consumption of beef tacos at a fast-food restaurant chain SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; DAIRY FARMS; SURVEILLANCE; CATTLE; TRACEABILITY; PREVALENCE; WISCONSIN AB We investigated a multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections. Isolates from 13 case patients from California, Nevada, and Arizona were matched by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtyping. Five case patients (38%) were hospitalized, and 3 (23%) developed hemolytic uremic syndrome; none died. The median age was 12 years (range, 2-75 years), and 10 (77%) were female. Case-control studies found an association between illness and eating beef tacos at a national Mexican-style fast-food restaurant chain (88% of cases versus 38% of controls; matched OR, undefined; 95% confidence interval, 1.49 to infinity; P = .009). A trace-back investigation implicated an upstream supplier of beef, but a farm investigation was not possible. This outbreak illustrates the value of employing hospital laboratory-based surveillance to detect local clusters of infections and the effectiveness of using molecular subtyping to identify geographically dispersed outbreaks. The outbreak investigation also highlights the need for a more efficient tracking system for food products. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Fresno Cty Dept Community Hlth, Fresno, CA USA. ARS, USDA, Albany, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Nevada Dept Hlth, Carson City, NV USA. Arizona Dept Hlth, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Jay, MT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Western Inst Food Safety & Secur, 279 Cousteau Pl,Ste 100, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mjay@wifss.ucdavis.edu NR 28 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1086/421088 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 829YJ UT WOS:000222087800001 PM 15206044 ER PT J AU Wharton, M AF Wharton, M TI Prevention of pertussis among adolescents by vaccination: Taking action on what we know and acknowledging what we do not know SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wharton, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mew2@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 BP 29 EP 30 DI 10.1086/421096 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 829YJ UT WOS:000222087800006 PM 15206049 ER PT J AU Hooton, TM Besser, R Foxman, B Fritsche, TR Nicolle, LE AF Hooton, TM Besser, R Foxman, B Fritsche, TR Nicolle, LE TI Acute uncomplicated cystitis in an era of increasing antibiotic resistance: A proposed approach to empirical therapy SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID URINARY-TRACT-INFECTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; RISK-FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; WOMEN; MANAGEMENT; FLUOROQUINOLONES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CIPROFLOXACIN C1 Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, 325 9th Ave,Box 359930, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Jones Grp JMI Labs, N Liberty, IA USA. Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. RP Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, 325 9th Ave,Box 359930, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM hooton@u.washington.edu OI Foxman, Betsy/0000-0001-6682-238X NR 38 TC 92 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1086/422145 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 829YJ UT WOS:000222087800013 PM 15206056 ER PT J AU Brooks, JT Griffin, PM Bibb, W AF Brooks, JT Griffin, PM Bibb, W TI Outbreak of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli O111 : H8 infection - Reply SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brooks, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstopp E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zud4@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 BP 148 EP 149 DI 10.1086/421785 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 829YJ UT WOS:000222087800029 ER PT J AU Talbot, EA Burgess, DCH Hone, NM Iademarco, MF Mwasekaga, MJ Moffat, HJ Moeti, TL Mwansa, RA Letsatsi, P Gokhale, NT Kenyon, TA Wells, CD AF Talbot, EA Burgess, DCH Hone, NM Iademarco, MF Mwasekaga, MJ Moffat, HJ Moeti, TL Mwansa, RA Letsatsi, P Gokhale, NT Kenyon, TA Wells, CD TI Tuberculosis serodiagnosis in a predominantly HIV-infected population of hospitalized patients with cough, Botswana, 2002 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY ELISA; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; SUSPECTED TUBERCULOSIS; LIPOARABINOMANNAN ANTIBODIES; MYCODOT(TM) TEST; DIAGNOSIS AB A sensitive and accurate tuberculosis ( TB) serodiagnostic test would aid in the control of TB, but results of current tests are relatively unreliable for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We evaluated a new prototype immunochromatographic strip test and 5 commercially available serodiagnostic TB tests in a prospective study comprised of 465 consecutively enrolled patients with suspected TB from 2 hospitals in Botswana. Consenting adults underwent HIV testing, greater than or equal to2 sputum smears and cultures, and mycobacterial blood culture. Patients were defined as having TB on the basis of any positive smear or culture. Between January and September 2002, 465 of 498 consecutive patients consented to enrollment. A total of 384 patients (83%) were infected with HIV, and 175 (38%) had TB; the mycobacterial blood culture was the sole source of diagnosis for 26 patients (15%) with TB. Among the tests evaluated, the sensitivity was 0%-63%, the specificity was 39%-99%, the positive predictive value was 0%-39%, and the negative predictive value was 63%-65%. We conclude that the serodiagnostic tests evaluated in this study lacked sufficient sensitivity as sole tests for TB in this population. C1 BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. Minist Hlth, Gaborone, Botswana. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Program Appropriate Technol Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. RP Wells, CD (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MAilstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ccw2@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 BP E1 EP E7 DI 10.1086/421388 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 829YJ UT WOS:000222087800031 PM 15206074 ER PT J AU Biddle, EA AF Biddle, EA TI The economic cost of fatal occupational in the United States, 1980-97 SO CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY LA English DT Article ID DEATH CERTIFICATES; INDUSTRY DATA; INJURY; SURVEILLANCE; INTERVIEW AB According to the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) surveillance system, occupational injuries claimed the lives of over 100,000 American workers from 1980 to 1997. Previous estimates presented aggregate values of life, providing no information on the cost variations for different case or worker characteristics. This research developed an interactive computer program that estimates comprehensive national costs for all occupational fatal injuries reported through NTOF, nearly $85 billion for 1980 97, and specific estimates for the burden on selected groups and characteristics of the fatality. These estimates provide an additional basis for targeting and evaluating the effectiveness of investments in prevention of occupational fatalities. C1 NIOSH, Div Safety Res, Anal & Field Evaluat Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Biddle, EA (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Safety Res, Anal & Field Evaluat Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS 1811,, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ebbiddle@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU WESTERN ECONOMIC ASSOC INT PI HUNTINGTON BEACH PA 7400 CENTER AVE SUITE 109, HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA 92647-3039 USA SN 1074-3529 J9 CONTEMP ECON POLICY JI Contemp. Econ. Policy PD JUL PY 2004 VL 22 IS 3 BP 370 EP 381 DI 10.1093/cep/byh027 PG 12 WC Economics; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 834HR UT WOS:000222402700006 ER PT J AU Kim, C Williamson, DF Mangione, CM Safford, MM Selby, JV Marrero, DG Curb, JD Thompson, TJ Narayan, KMV Herman, WH AF Kim, C Williamson, DF Mangione, CM Safford, MM Selby, JV Marrero, DG Curb, JD Thompson, TJ Narayan, KMV Herman, WH CA TRIAD Study Grp TI Managed care organization and the quality of diabetes care - The translating research into action for diabetes (TRIAD) study SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2003 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Soc Gen Internal Med ID FOR-PROFIT; HEALTH SURVEY; MEDICAL-CARE; OF-CARE; MELLITUS; HMOS; PERFORMANCE; RETINOPATHY; PREVENTION; VALIDATION AB OBJECTIVE - To examine the association between the organizational model and diabetes processes of care. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We used data from the Translating Research into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD), a multicenter study of diabetes care in managed care, including 8,354 patients with diabetes. We identified five model types: for-profit group/network, for-profit independent practice association (IPA), nonprofit group/network, nonprofit IPA, and nonprofit group/staff. Process measures included retinal, renal, foot, lipid, and HbA(1c) testing aspirin recommendations, influenza vaccination; and a sum of these seven processes of care over 1 year. Hierarchical regression models were constructed for each process measure and accounted for clustering at the health plan and provider group levels and adjusted for Participant age, sex, race, ethnicity, diabetes treatment and duration, education, income, health status, an survey language. RESULTS - Participant membership in the model types ranged from 9% in nonprofit IPA models to 38% in nonprofit group/staff models. Over 75% of participants received most of the processes of care, regardless of model type. However, among for-profit plans, group/network models provided on average more processes of care than IPA models (5.5 vs. 4.7, P < 0.0001), and group/network models generally increased the probability of receiving a process by greater than or equal to 10 percentage points. Among nonprofit plans, no effect of model type was found. CONCLUSIONS - Among for-profit plans, group/network models provided better diabetes processes of care than IPA models. Although reasons are Speculative, this may be due to the clinical infrastructure available in group models that is not available in IPA models. C1 Univ Michigan, Div Gen Internal Med, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Div Gen Internal Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabetes Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Div Gen Internal Med & Hlth Serv Res, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Div Gen Internal Med, Dept Internal Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. Univ Michigan, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Kim, C (reprint author), 300 N Ingalls Bldg,Room 7C13, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cathkim@umich.edu RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012; McDowell, Joan/H-3159-2014 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405; FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU516410-02] NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUL PY 2004 VL 27 IS 7 BP 1529 EP 1534 DI 10.2337/diacare.27.7.1529 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 834FN UT WOS:000222397100001 PM 15220223 ER PT J AU Gregg, EW Sorlie, P Paulose-Ram, R Gu, QP Eberhardt, MS Wolz, M Burt, V Curtin, L Engelgau, M Geiss, L AF Gregg, EW Sorlie, P Paulose-Ram, R Gu, QP Eberhardt, MS Wolz, M Burt, V Curtin, L Engelgau, M Geiss, L TI Prevalence of lower-extremity disease in the US adult population >= 40 years of age with and without diabetes - 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; SENSORY NEUROPATHY; UNITED-STATES; FOOT; COMPLICATIONS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COMMUNITY; MORTALITY; SYMPTOMS AB OBJECTIVE - Although lower-extremity disease (LED), which includes lower-extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and peripheral neuropathy (PN), is disabling and costly, no nationally representative estimates of its prevalence exist. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of lower-extremity PAD, PN, and overall LED in the overall U.S. population and among those with and without diagnosed diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - The analysis consisted of data for 2,873 men and women aged greater than or equal to40 years, including 419 with diagnosed diabetes, from the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The main Outcome measures consisted of the prevalence of lower-extremity PAD (defined as ankle-brachial index <0.9), PN (defined as greater than or equal to1 insensate area based on monofilament testing), and of any LED (defined as either PAD, PN, or history of foot ulcer or lower-extremity amputations). RESULTS - Of the U.S. population aged greater than or equal to40 years, 4.5% (95% CI 3.4-5.6) have lower-extremity PAD, 14.8% (12.8-1.6.8) have PN, and 18.7% (15.9-21.4) have any LED. Prevalence of PAD, PN, and overall LED increases steeply with age and is higher (P < 0.05) in non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans than non-Hispanic whites. The prevalence of LEDs is approximately twice as high for individuals with diagnosed diabetes (PAD 9.5% [5.5-13.4], PN 28.5% [22.0-35.1]; any LED 30.2% [22.1-38.3]) as the overall population. CONCLUSIONS - LED is common in the U.S. and twice as high among individuals with diagnosed diabetes. These conditions disproportionately affect the elderly, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans. C1 CDCP, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Surveys, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NHLBI, Epidemiol & Biometry Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Gregg, EW (reprint author), CDCP, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM edg7@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 260 Z9 267 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUL PY 2004 VL 27 IS 7 BP 1591 EP 1597 DI 10.2337/diacare.27.7.1591 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 834FN UT WOS:000222397100011 PM 15220233 ER PT J AU Khan, BV Sola, S Lauten, WB Natarajan, R Hooper, WC Menon, RG Lerakis, S Helmy, T AF Khan, BV Sola, S Lauten, WB Natarajan, R Hooper, WC Menon, RG Lerakis, S Helmy, T TI Quinapril, an ACE inhibitor, reduces markers of oxidative stress in the metabolic syndrome SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID CONVERTING ENZYME-INHIBITION; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; INFLAMMATION; RISK; IRBESARTAN AB OBJECTIVE - Patients with the metabolic syndrome often have abnormal levels of proinflammatory and pro-oxidative mechanisms within their vasculature. We sought to determine whether the ACE inhibitor quinapril regulates markers of oxidative stress in the metabolic syndrome. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Forty patients with the metabolic syndrome were randomized in a double-blind manner to either the ACE inhibitor quinapril (20 mg/day) or matching placebo for 4 weeks. Serum markets of vascular oxidative stress were measured. RESULTS - After 4 weeks of therapy, serum 8-isoprostane was reduced by 12% in the quinapril group when compared with placebo (quinapril, 46.7 +/- 1.0; placebo, 52.7 +/- 0.9 pg/ml P = 0.001). Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity increased 35% in the quinapril group when compared with placebo (quinapril, 826.3 +/- 17.1; placebo, 612.3 +/- 6.9 units/g Hb, P < 0.001). In addition, lag time to oxidation of LDL, a marker of oxidative Stress, was increased by 48% in the quinapril group when compared with placebo (quinapril 89.2 +/- 9.2 vs. placebo 60.1 +/- 12.3 min; P < 0.001). Therapy with quinapril was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS - The addition of the ACE inhibitor quinapril reduces markers of vascular oxidative stress and may attenuate the progression of the pathophysiology seen in the metabolic syndrome. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Div Diabet & Endocrinol, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Khan, BV (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Dept Med, 69 Jesse Hill Dr SE,C247, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM bkhan@emory.edu OI Sola, Srikanth/0000-0003-1451-665X NR 23 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUL PY 2004 VL 27 IS 7 BP 1712 EP 1715 DI 10.2337/diacare.27.7.1712 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 834FN UT WOS:000222397100029 PM 15220251 ER PT J AU Esswein, EJ Kiefer, M Wallingford, K Burr, G Lee, LJH Wang, JD Wang, SC Su, IJ AF Esswein, EJ Kiefer, M Wallingford, K Burr, G Lee, LJH Wang, JD Wang, SC Su, IJ TI Environmental and occupational health response to SARS, Taiwan, 2003 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Industrial hygiene specialists from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) visited hospitals and medical centers throughout Taiwan. They assisted with designing and evaluating ventilation modifications for infection control, developed guidelines for converting hospital rooms into SARS patient isolation rooms, prepared designs for the rapid conversion of a vacated military facility into a SARS screening and observation facility, assessed environmental aspects of dedicated SARS hospitals, and worked in concert with the Taiwanese to develop hospital ventilation guidelines. We describe the environmental findings and observations from this response, including the rapid reconfiguration of medical facilities during a national health emergency, and discuss environmental challenges should SARS or a SARS-like virus emerge again. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Denver Field Off, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NIOSH, Atlanta Field Off, Atlanta, GA USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Dept Hlth, Taipei, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Taipei, Taiwan. Taiwan Ctr Dis Control, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Esswein, EJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Denver Field Off, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM eje1@cdc.gov RI Lee, Lukas Jyuhn-Hsiarn/G-9641-2011; Su, Ih-Jen/B-2655-2010 NR 5 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2004 VL 10 IS 7 BP 1187 EP 1194 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 835CF UT WOS:000222456800001 PM 15324536 ER PT J AU Kalish, ML Robbins, KE Pieniazek, D Schaefer, A Nzilambi, N Quinn, TC St Louis, ME Youngpairoj, AS Phillips, J Jaffe, HW Folks, TM AF Kalish, ML Robbins, KE Pieniazek, D Schaefer, A Nzilambi, N Quinn, TC St Louis, ME Youngpairoj, AS Phillips, J Jaffe, HW Folks, TM TI Recombinant viruses and early global HIV-1 epidemic SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TYPE-1 SUBTYPE; RISK-FACTORS; KINSHASA; ZAIRE; INFECTION; DIVERSITY; ORIGIN; CONGO; AIDS AB Central Africa was the epicenter of the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) pandemic. Understanding the early epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, formerly Zaire, could provide insight into how HIV evolved and assist vaccine design and intervention efforts. Using enzyme immunosorbent assays, we tested 3,988 serum samples collected in Kinshasa in the mid-1980s and confirmed seroreactivity by Western blot. Polymerase chain reaction of gag p17, env C2V3C3, and/or gp41; DNA sequencing; and genetic analyses were performed. Gene regions representing all the HIV-1 group M clades and unclassifiable sequences were found. From two or three short gene regions, 37% of the strains represented recombinant viruses, multiple infections, or both, which suggests that if whole genome sequences were available, most of these strains would have mosaic genomes. We propose that the HIV epidemic was well established in central Africa by the early 1980s and that some recombinant viruses most likely seeded the early global epidemic. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Project SIDA, Kinshasa, Zaire. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Kalish, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mkalish@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2004 VL 10 IS 7 BP 1227 EP 1234 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 835CF UT WOS:000222456800007 PM 15324542 ER PT J AU Feikin, DR Nelson, CB Watt, JP Mohsni, E Wenger, JD Levine, OS AF Feikin, DR Nelson, CB Watt, JP Mohsni, E Wenger, JD Levine, OS TI Rapid assessment tool for Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in developing countries SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHILDHOOD BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PNEUMONIA; VACCINE; SURVEILLANCE; ETIOLOGY; GAMBIA; BURDEN AB Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) still causes a substantial number of deaths among children in developing countries, despite the availability of effective conjugate vaccines. A major obstacle in developing a Hib vaccine has been limited awareness about the impact of Hib disease. A tool was developed to estimate the national rates of Hib meningitis and pneumonia by assessing retrospective local data over 7 to 10 days. Data from 11 countries in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia were studied and showed rates of Hib meningitis from >50 cases per 100,000 children >5 years in Ghana and Uganda to <15 per 100,000 in Iran, Jordan, and Uzbekistan. Results were affected by the quality of available data. The Hib rapid assessment tool can be useful to countries that desire a timely assessment of Hib disease rates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. WHO, Cairo, Egypt. RP Feikin, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM drf0@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2004 VL 10 IS 7 BP 1270 EP 1276 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 835CF UT WOS:000222456800013 PM 15324548 ER PT J AU Scott, RD Gregg, E Meltzer, MI AF Scott, RD Gregg, E Meltzer, MI TI Collecting data to assess SARS interventions SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; HONG-KONG; AGENT AB With cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) occurring across geographic regions, data collection on the effectiveness of intervention strategies should be standardized to facilitate analysis. We propose a minimum dataset to capture data needed to examine the basic reproduction rate, case status and criteria, symptoms, and outcomes of SARS. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Scott, RD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop E55,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Dscott1@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2004 VL 10 IS 7 BP 1290 EP 1292 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 835CF UT WOS:000222456800016 PM 15324551 ER PT J AU Rankin, JA Franklin, SG AF Rankin, JA Franklin, SG TI Open Access publishing SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Rankin, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat Ctr, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Jrankin@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2004 VL 10 IS 7 BP 1352 EP 1353 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 835CF UT WOS:000222456800044 PM 15338570 ER PT J AU Eskenazi, B Harley, K Bradman, A Weltzien, E Jewell, NA Barr, DB Furlong, CE Holland, NT AF Eskenazi, B Harley, K Bradman, A Weltzien, E Jewell, NA Barr, DB Furlong, CE Holland, NT TI Association of in utero organophosphate pesticide exposure and fetal growth and length of gestation in an agricultural population SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL WASHINGTON-STATE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; REPRODUCTIVE OUTCOMES; CHILDRENS EXPOSURE; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; INFANTS BORN; HUMAN URINE; PREGNANCY AB Although pesticide use is widespread, little is known about potential adverse health effects of in utero exposure. We investigated the effects of organophosphate pesticide exposure during pregnancy on fetal growth and gestational duration in a cohort of low-income, Latina women living in an agricultural community in the Salinas Valley, California. We measured nonspecific metabolites of organophosphate pesticides (dimethyl and diethyl phosphates) and metabolites specific to malathion (malathion dicarboxylic acid), chlorpyrifos [O, O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl) phosphoro-thioate], and parathion (4-nitrophenol) in maternal urine collected twice during pregnancy. We also measured levels of cholinesterase in whole blood and butyryl cholinesterase in plasma in maternal and umbilical cord blood. We failed to demonstrate an adverse relationship between fetal growth and any measure of in utero organophosphate pesticide exposure. In fact, we found increases in body length and head circumference associated with some exposure measures. However, we did find decreases in gestational duration associated with two measures of in utero pesticide exposure: urinary dimethyl phosphate metabolites [beta(adjusted) = -0.41 weeks per log(10) unit increase; 95% confidence interval (CI), (-)0.75-(-)0.02; p = 0.02], which reflect exposure to dimethyl organophosphate compounds such as malathion, and umbilical cord cholinesterase (beta(adjusted) = 0.34 weeks per unit increase; 95% CI, 0.13-0.55; p = 0.001). Shortened gestational duration was most clearly related to increasing exposure levels in the latter part of pregnancy. These associations with gestational age may be biologically plausible given that organophosphate pesticides depress cholinesterase and acetylcholine stimulates contraction of the uterus. However, despite these observed associations, the rate of preterm delivery in this population (6.4%) was lower than in a U.S. reference population. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci & Med, Div Med Genet, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Eskenazi, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, 2150 Shattuck Ave,Suite 600, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eskenazi@uclink.berkeley.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01ES09605-02]; NIOSH CDC HHS [R01 OH07400-01] NR 67 TC 221 Z9 227 U1 4 U2 39 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 112 IS 10 BP 1116 EP 1124 DI 10.1289/ehp.6789 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 835KR UT WOS:000222482300034 PM 15238287 ER PT J AU Whyatt, RM Rauh, V Barr, DB Camann, DE Andrews, HF Garfinkel, R Hoepner, LA Diaz, D Dietrich, J Reyes, A Tang, DL Kinney, PL Perera, FP AF Whyatt, RM Rauh, V Barr, DB Camann, DE Andrews, HF Garfinkel, R Hoepner, LA Diaz, D Dietrich, J Reyes, A Tang, DL Kinney, PL Perera, FP TI Prenatal insecticide exposures and birth weight and length among an urban minority cohort SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; AGGREGATE EXPOSURE; CHLORPYRIFOS; PREGNANCY; NEUROTOXICITY; POPULATION; COTININE; NICOTINE; SMOKERS AB We reported previously that insecticide exposures were widespread among minority women in New York City during pregnancy and that levels of the organophosphate chlorpyrifos in umbilical cord plasma were inversely associated with birth weight and length. Here we expand analyses to include additional insecticides (the organophosphate diazinon and the carbamate propoxur), a larger sample size (n = 314 mother-newborn pairs), and insecticide measurements in maternal personal air during pregnancy as well as in umbilical cord plasma at delivery. Controlling for potential confounders, we found no association between maternal personal air insecticide levels and birth weight, length, or head circumference. For each log unit increase in cord plasma chlorpyrifos levels, birth weight decreased by 42.6 g [95% confidence interval (CI), -81.8 to -3.8, p = 0.03] and birth length decreased by 0.24 cm (95% CI, -0.47 to -0.01, p = 0.04). Combined measures of (1n)cord plasma chlorpyrifos and diazinon (adjusted for relative potency) were also inversely associated with birth weight and length (p < 0.05). Birth weight averaged 186.3 g less (95% CI, -375.2 to -45.5) among newborns with the highest compared with lowest 26% of exposure levels (p = 0.01). Further, the associations between birth weight and length and cord plasma chlorpyrifos and diazinon were highly significant (p less than or equal to 0.007) among newborns born before the 2000-2001 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's regulatory actions to phase out residential use of these insecticides. Among newborns born after January 2001, exposure levels were substantially lower, and no association with fetal growth was apparent (p > 0.8). The propoxur metabolite 2-isopropoxyphenol in cord plasma was inversely associated with birth length, a finding of borderline significance (p = 0.05) after controlling for chlorpyrifos and diazinon. Results indicate that prenatal chlorpyrifos exposures have impaired fetal growth among this minority cohort and that diazinon exposures may have contributed to the effects. Findings support recent regulatory action to phase out residential uses of the insecticides. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Joseph L Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Whyatt, RM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Joseph L Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, 60 Haven Ave,B-109, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM rmw5@columbia.edu RI Kinney, Patrick/H-7914-2012; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Hoepner, Lori/0000-0002-4404-8140 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00645]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES009600, P50 ES09600, R01 ES008977, R01 ES06722, R01 ES08977, R01 ES11158] NR 36 TC 243 Z9 251 U1 5 U2 23 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 112 IS 10 BP 1125 EP 1132 DI 10.1289/ehp.6641 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 835KR UT WOS:000222482300035 PM 15238288 ER PT J AU Perera, FP Tang, DL Tu, YH Cruz, LA Borjas, M Bernert, T Whyatt, RM AF Perera, FP Tang, DL Tu, YH Cruz, LA Borjas, M Bernert, T Whyatt, RM TI Biomarkers in maternal and newborn blood indicate heightened fetal susceptibility to procarcinogenic DNA damage SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; COTININE LEVELS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; LUNG-CANCER; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MICRONUCLEUS FORMATION; GESTATION STAGE; AMNIOTIC-FLUID; N-NITROSAMINES; BIRTH OUTCOMES AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are widespread air contaminants released by transportation vehicles, power generation, and other combustion sources. Experimental evidence indicates that the developing fetus is more susceptible than the adult to carcinogenic effects of PAHs, although laboratory studies in rodents suggest that the dose to fetal tissues is an order of magnitude lower than that to maternal tissues. To assess fetal versus adult susceptibility to PAHs and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), we compared carcinogen-DNA adducts (a biomarker associated with increased cancer risk) and cotinine (a biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure) in paired blood samples collected from mothers and newborns in New York City. We enrolled 265 nonsmoker African-American and Latina mother-newborn pairs in New York City between 1997 and 2001 (estimated average ambient air BaP concentrations < 0.5 ng/m(3)). Despite the estimated 10-fold lower fetal dose, mean levels of BaP-DNA adducts as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence were comparable in paired New York City newborn and maternal samples (0.24 adducts per 10(8) nucleotides, 45% of newborns with detectable adducts vs. 0.22 per 10(8) nucleotides, 41% of mothers with detectable adducts). However, by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, the levels in newborns were higher (p = 0.02). Mean cotinine was higher in newborns than in mothers (1.7 ng/mL, 47% detectable vs. 1.28 ng/mL, 44% detectable). Consistent with our prior study in a Caucasian Polish population, these results indicate increased susceptibility of the fetus to DNA damage and reduced ability to clear ETS constituents. The findings have implications for risk assessment, given the need to protect children as a sensitive subset of the population. C1 Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, New York, NY 10032 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Perera, FP (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 60 Haven Ave,B-109, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM fpp1@columbia.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00645]; NIEHS NIH HHS [5 P01 ES09600, 5 R01 ES08977, P01 ES009600, R01 ES008977] NR 49 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 112 IS 10 BP 1133 EP 1136 DI 10.1289/ehp.6833 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 835KR UT WOS:000222482300036 PM 15238289 ER PT J AU Kuklenyik, Z Reich, JA Tully, JS Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Kuklenyik, Z Reich, JA Tully, JS Needham, LL Calafat, AM TI Automated solid-phase extraction and measurement of perfluorinated organic acids and amides in human serum and milk SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SURFACE-WATER SAMPLES; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION; PHTHALATE METABOLITES; HUMAN URINE; EMPLOYEES; RIVER; RAT AB Organic fluorochemicals are used in multiple commercial applications including surfactants, lubricants, paints, polishes, food packaging, and fire-retarding foams. Recent scientific findings suggest that several perfluorochemicals (PFCs), a group of organic fluorochemicals, are ubiquitous contaminants in humans and animals worldwide. Furthermore, concern has increased about the toxicity of these compounds. Therefore, monitoring human exposure to PFCs is important. We have developed a high-throughput method for measuring trace levels of 13 PFCs (2 per-fluorosulfonates, 8 perfluorocarboxylates, and 3 perfluorosulfonamides) in serum and milk using an automated solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method is sensitive, with limits of detection between 0.1 and 1 ng in 1 mL of serum or milk, is not labor intensive, involves minimal manual sample preparation, and uses a commercially available automated SPE system. Our method is suitable for large epidemiologic studies to assess exposure to PFCs. We measured the serum levels of these 13 PFCs in 20 adults nonoccupationally exposed to these compounds. Nine of the PFCs were detected in at least 75% of the subjects. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), 2-(N-methylperfluorooctanesulfonamido)acetate (Me-PFOSA-AcOH), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and perfluorononanoate (PFNA) were found in all of the samples. The concentration order and measured levels of PFOS, PFOA, Me-PFOSA-AcOH, and PFHxS compared well with human serum levels previously reported. Although no human data are available for the perfluorocarboxylates (except PFOA), the high frequency of detection of PFNA and other carboxylates in our study suggests that human exposure to long-alkyl-chain perfluorocarboxylates may be widespread. We also found PFOS in the serum and milk of rats administered PFOS by gavage, but not in the milk of rats not dosed with PFOS. Furthermore, we did not detect most PFCs in two human milk samples. These findings suggest that PFCs may not be as prevalent in human milk as they are in serum. Additional studies are needed to determine whether environmental exposure to PFCs can result in PFCs partitioning into milk. Large epidemiological studies to determine the levels of PFCs among the U.S. general population are warranted. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Acalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 41 TC 187 Z9 200 U1 14 U2 89 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 13 BP 3698 EP 3704 DI 10.1021/es040332u PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 834FG UT WOS:000222396400039 PM 15296323 ER PT J AU Parks, CG Cooper, GS Nylander-French, LA Hoppin, JA Sanderson, WT Dement, JM AF Parks, CG Cooper, GS Nylander-French, LA Hoppin, JA Sanderson, WT Dement, JM TI Comparing questionnaire-based methods to assess occupational silica exposure SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; CRYSTALLINE SILICA; UNITED-STATES; SCLERODERMA; SCLEROSIS; RISK; POPULATION; MORTALITY; CANCER; WOMEN AB Background: Epidemiologic assessment of occupational exposure to silica is typically limited to long-term work in the dusty trades, primarily in jobs held by men. We compared alternative questionnaire-based methods to assess silica exposure in a recent case-control study of 265 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (mostly women) and 355 controls randomly selected from state driver's license registries and frequency-matched by age and sex. Methods: In-person interviews included a job history (all jobs held at least 12 months) and checklist of silica-related jobs and tasks (work of at least 2 weeks). Three industrial hygienists reviewed job descriptions without knowing case-control status. Potential high- or moderate-intensity exposures were confirmed or revised based on follow-up telephone interviews. Results: In the full assessment including all work of at least 2 weeks, 9% of cases and 4% of controls were classified as medium or high silica exposure (odds ratio of disease = 2.9; 95% confidence interval = 1.3-6.4). In contrast, only 4% of cases and 9% of controls were identified by the standardized code groups index as having worked in silica-related industries or occupations for at least 12 months, providing a much lower risk estimate for disease (0.4; 0.2-0.9). Conclusions: Specific task-based questions must be included to assess the full potential of occupational silica exposure. These findings highlight the limitations of using standardized code groups to define exposure or to select jobs for industrial hygienist review. C1 NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Community & Family Med, Durham, NC USA. RP Parks, CG (reprint author), NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM Cqp8@cdc.gov OI Parks, Christine/0000-0002-5734-3456 NR 40 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP 433 EP 441 DI 10.1098/01.ede.0000129515.54074.b2 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 834GO UT WOS:000222399800010 PM 15232404 ER PT J AU Allen, R Mage, D Gondy, G Christensen, C Barr, D Needham, L AF Allen, R Mage, D Gondy, G Christensen, C Barr, D Needham, L TI The use of a creatinine correction for reporting children's urinary pesticide concentrations SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL New York, NY SP NYU Sch Med, UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch C1 Temple Univ, ISR, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. 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Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Parsons, Patrick/I-2985-2015 OI Parsons, Patrick/0000-0001-9133-875X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP S218 EP S218 DI 10.1097/00001648-200407000-00578 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 834GO UT WOS:000222399800577 ER PT J AU Lederman, S Weiss, L Tang, DL Andrews, H Rauh, V Becker, M Wang, R Perera, F AF Lederman, S Weiss, L Tang, DL Andrews, H Rauh, V Becker, M Wang, R Perera, F TI The effect of the WTC tragedy on pregnancy outcomes SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL New York, NY SP NYU Sch Med, UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch C1 Columbia Univ, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. 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Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP S145 EP S145 DI 10.1097/00001648-200407000-00377 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 834GO UT WOS:000222399800377 ER PT J AU Sams, E Calderon, R Wade, T Beach, M Brenner, K Williams, A Dufour, A AF Sams, E Calderon, R Wade, T Beach, M Brenner, K Williams, A Dufour, A TI GIS analysis for epidemiologic recreational water studies SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL New York, NY SP NYU Sch Med, UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch C1 US EPA, Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP S215 EP S216 DI 10.1097/00001648-200407000-00572 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 834GO UT WOS:000222399800571 ER PT J AU Schei, MA Bruce, N Sivertsen, TS Anaite, D Khalakdina, A McCracken, J Arana, B Klein, RE Hessen, JO Smith, KR AF Schei, MA Bruce, N Sivertsen, TS Anaite, D Khalakdina, A McCracken, J Arana, B Klein, RE Hessen, JO Smith, KR TI Risk factors for atopic disease among the Mam speaking Native-American people of highland Guatemala SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL New York, NY SP NYU Sch Med, UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ Valle Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP S172 EP S173 DI 10.1097/00001648-200407000-00458 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 834GO UT WOS:000222399800457 ER PT J AU Wade, TJ Calderon, R Sams, E Brenner, K Beach, M Williams, A Dufour, A AF Wade, TJ Calderon, R Sams, E Brenner, K Beach, M Williams, A Dufour, A TI The National Epidemiological and Environmental Assessment of Recreational Waters: Results from the first summer of full-scale studies SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL New York, NY SP NYU Sch Med, UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP S213 EP S213 DI 10.1097/00001648-200407000-00566 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 834GO UT WOS:000222399800565 ER PT J AU Warner, M Samuels, S Mocarelli, P Gerthoux, PM Needham, L Patterson, D Eskenazi, B AF Warner, M Samuels, S Mocarelli, P Gerthoux, PM Needham, L Patterson, D Eskenazi, B TI Serum dioxin concentrations and age at menarche SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL New York, NY SP NYU Sch Med, UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP S116 EP S117 DI 10.1097/00001648-200407000-00296 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 834GO UT WOS:000222399800296 ER PT J AU Zheng, K Lovisa, CSR Young, KJ Blakely, NC Wei, R Needham, LL Patterson, DG Sandau, CD AF Zheng, K Lovisa, CSR Young, KJ Blakely, NC Wei, R Needham, LL Patterson, DG Sandau, CD TI Bionionitoring of human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and diesel exhaust by measurement of urinary biomarkers SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL New York, NY SP NYU Sch Med, UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Sandau, Courtney/D-9555-2015 OI Sandau, Courtney/0000-0002-4387-3480 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP S75 EP S75 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 834GO UT WOS:000222399800185 ER PT J AU Jain, N Yusuf, H Wortley, PM Euler, GL Walton, S Stokley, S AF Jain, N Yusuf, H Wortley, PM Euler, GL Walton, S Stokley, S TI Factors associated with receiving hepatitis B vaccination among high-risk adults in the United States: An analysis of the National Health Review Survey, 2000 SO FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Scientific Assembly of the American-Academy-of-Family-Physicians CY OCT 01-05, 2003 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Acad Family Physicians ID VIRUS INFECTION; PREVENTION; DISEASES; PROGRAMS; CLINICS; USERS AB Background and Objectives: Although an effective vaccine against hepatitis B has been licensed in the United States since 1981, and successful childhood vaccination programs have been implemented, hepatitis B virus transmission continues to occur among high-risk adults. In this study, we identified factors associated with receipt of one or more doses of hepatitis B vaccine among adults at high risk for hepatitis B infection. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey of selected adults ages 18-49 years who were at high risk for hepatitis B infection (n = 1,036). Multivariable regression analysis was conducted to determine factors independently associated with vaccination. Results: Although more than 80% (n=841) of high-risk adults reported previous visits to a clinician during the past year, only 30% (n=498) of men and 31% (n=538) of women reported having received a single dose of hepatitis B vaccine. Young age (18-29 years), never being married, past blood donation, and past human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing were independently associated with receiving vaccination for men. For women, young age (18-29 years) and previous vaccinations were significant factors associated with vaccination receipt. Additionally, having a primary care source (men) and seeing an obstetrician-gynecologist provider in the past year (women) were significantly associated with vaccination. Conclusions: Hepatitis B vaccination rates for high-risk adults are low, and missed opportunities are frequent. Additional strategies are needed to increase immunization rates of adults at high risk for hepatitis B. C1 CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jain, N (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ncj0@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC TEACHERS FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEAWOOD PA 11400 TOMAHAWK CREEK PARKWAY, STE 540, LEAWOOD, KS 66207 USA SN 0742-3225 J9 FAM MED JI Fam. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 36 IS 7 BP 480 EP 486 PG 7 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 837JP UT WOS:000222625900011 PM 15243828 ER PT J AU May, K Botto, L Rasmussen, S Fernhoff, P O'Leary, L Campbell, R AF May, K Botto, L Rasmussen, S Fernhoff, P O'Leary, L Campbell, R TI A population-based study of congenital heart defects and chromosome abnormalities: structural abnormalities other than del 22q11.2. SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Clinical Meeting of the American-College-of-Medical-Genetics CY MAR 04, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Coll Med Genet C1 Emory Univ, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Sibley Heart Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 6 IS 4 MA 17 BP 254 EP 254 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 838WX UT WOS:000222745200029 ER PT J AU Myers, MF Jorgensen, C Litch, J Sidibe, K Bradley, L AF Myers, MF Jorgensen, C Litch, J Sidibe, K Bradley, L TI Public health response to a direct-to-consumer marketing campaign for genetic testing for breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility. SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Clinical Meeting of the American-College-of-Medical-Genetics CY MAR 04, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Coll Med Genet C1 CDC, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Epidemiol Off, Seattle, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 6 IS 4 MA 28 BP 259 EP 259 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 838WX UT WOS:000222745200040 ER PT J AU Kenneson, A Yang, Q Olney, R Rasmussen, S Friedman, J AF Kenneson, A Yang, Q Olney, R Rasmussen, S Friedman, J TI Mortality in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: an analysis of multiple cause mortality data, 1983-1997. SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Clinical Meeting of the American-College-of-Medical-Genetics CY MAR 04, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Coll Med Genet C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 6 IS 4 MA 189 BP 336 EP 336 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 838WX UT WOS:000222745200198 ER PT J AU Scheuner, M Yoon, P Khoury, M AF Scheuner, M Yoon, P Khoury, M TI Collection of family history in epidemiologic studies of coronary artery disease: can we do better? SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Clinical Meeting of the American-College-of-Medical-Genetics CY MAR 04, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Coll Med Genet C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 6 IS 4 MA 198 BP 341 EP 341 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 838WX UT WOS:000222745200206 ER PT J AU Dequeker, E Girodon, E Schwarz, M Stuhrmann, M Lubin, I Cassiman, J AF Dequeker, E Girodon, E Schwarz, M Stuhrmann, M Lubin, I Cassiman, J TI Quality evaluation of data interpretation and reporting. SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Clinical Meeting of the American-College-of-Medical-Genetics CY MAR 04, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Coll Med Genet C1 Dept Human Genet, Louvain, Belgium. Serv Biochem & Genet Mol, Creteil, France. NW Reg Mol Genet Lab, Paediat Genet Unit, Manchester, Lancs, England. Human Genet, Hannover, Germany. CDC, Div Lab Syst, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 6 IS 4 MA 217 BP 350 EP 350 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 838WX UT WOS:000222745200225 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, S AF Rasmussen, S TI Epidemiology of craniofacial anomalies. SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Clinical Meeting of the American-College-of-Medical-Genetics CY MAR 04, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Coll Med Genet C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 6 IS 4 MA 293 BP 385 EP 385 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 838WX UT WOS:000222745200299 ER PT J AU Scheuner, MT Yoon, PW Khoury, MJ AF Scheuner, MT Yoon, PW Khoury, MJ TI Use of family history to identify adults at increased risk for chronic diseases and mendelian disorders. SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Clinical Meeting of the American-College-of-Medical-Genetics CY MAR 04, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Coll Med Genet C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 6 IS 4 MA 295 BP 385 EP 385 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 838WX UT WOS:000222745200301 ER PT J AU Yoon, P Scheuner, M Khoury, M AF Yoon, P Scheuner, M Khoury, M TI Research agenda for family history tools: analytic validity, clinical validity, clinical utility, and ethical, legal and social implications. SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Clinical Meeting of the American-College-of-Medical-Genetics CY MAR 04, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Coll Med Genet C1 CDC, Off Genome & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 6 IS 4 MA 300 BP 386 EP 386 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 838WX UT WOS:000222745200306 ER PT J AU Kelly, JM Marrero, DG Gallivan, J Leontos, C Perry, S AF Kelly, JM Marrero, DG Gallivan, J Leontos, C Perry, S TI Diabetes prevention - A GAMEPLAN for success SO GERIATRICS LA English DT Article DE diabetes; prevention; national diabetes education program; impaired glucose tolerance; impaired fasting glucose; pre-diabetes ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; LIFE-STYLE AB Diabetes prevalence is growing at epidemic proportions, and the greatest increase in number of cases is anticipated to be among older adults. The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) showed that diabetes can be prevented or delayed among people with pre-diabetes (impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, or both). The National Diabetes Education Program has developed tools adapted from the DPP that primary care providers can use to counsel middle-age and older patients on diabetes prevention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Diabet Educ Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indiana Diabet Res & Training Ctr, Demonstrat & Educ Div, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Natl Diabet Educ Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Kelly, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Diabet Educ Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS PI DULUTH PA 131 W FIRST ST, DULUTH, MN 55802 USA SN 0016-867X J9 GERIATRICS JI Geriatrics PD JUL PY 2004 VL 59 IS 7 BP 26 EP 31 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 836HJ UT WOS:000222546200006 PM 15250193 ER PT J AU Greene, CN Cordovado, SK Mueller, PW AF Greene, CN Cordovado, SK Mueller, PW TI Polymorphism scan for differences between transmitted and nontransmitted DRB1*030101 alleles outside of exon 2 for type 1 diabetes: the frequency of polymorphisms is similar SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE type 1 diabetes mellitus; HLA-DRB1; sequence-specific priming PCR; genetic polymorphism; genetic susceptibility ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; SUSCEPTIBILITY GENES; HLA-DRB1 ALLELES; MELLITUS; DISEASE; GENOME; PREDISPOSITION; AMPLIFICATION; PROTECTION; SEQUENCES AB DRB1*030101 is a major genetic risk factor for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and is the only DRB1*03 allele usually seen in T1DM probands. Approximately 16% of parental DRB1*030101 alleles were not transmitted to T1DM probands in our Genetics of Kidneys and Diabetes study trio families. We performed a polymorphism screen to determine whether variations exist in DRB1*030101 alleles outside of exon 2 that may modify risk for developing T1DM. A combination of long-range and sequence-specific priming polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify a hemizygous template from both transmitted and nontransmitted parental DRB1*030101 chromosomes. Exon 2 DRB1*030101-specific and flanking DRB1-specific primers amplified the entire genomic locus as a 10.6-kb 5' fragment and a 5.3-kb 3' fragment, respectively. All exons and intron/exon borders of introns 1 and 2, all of introns 3-5, and flanking regulatory regions of 32 transmitted and 31 nontransmitted alleles (99% power to detect a 5% minimal allele frequency) were analyzed through fluorescent DNA sequencing. The only polymorphic sites detected, a previously described intron 2 complex dinucleotide repeat and an additional complex repeat approximately 1.8 kb downstream of exon 6, do not significantly differ between T1DM patients and controls in this small data set. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Mol Biol Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Greene, CN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Mol Biol Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM crg0@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [PL105-33, PL106-554] NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 65 IS 7 BP 737 EP 744 DI 10.1016/j.humimm.2004.05.003 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 847GY UT WOS:000223381900011 PM 15301864 ER PT J AU Wilcox, AJ Baird, DD Dunson, DB McConnaughey, DR Kesner, JS Weinberg, CR AF Wilcox, AJ Baird, DD Dunson, DB McConnaughey, DR Kesner, JS Weinberg, CR TI On the frequency of intercourse around ovulation: evidence for biological influences SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE intercourse; ovulation ID MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; PROGESTERONE METABOLITES; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; URINARY ESTROGEN; WOMEN; PREGNANCY; CONTRACEPTIVES; CONCEPTION; FERTILITY; BEHAVIOR AB BACKGROUND: Intercourse in mammals is often coordinated with ovulation, for example through fluctuations in libido or by the acceleration of ovulation with intercourse. Such coordination has not been established in humans. We explored this possibility by examining patterns of sexual intercourse in relation to ovulation. METHODS: Sixty-eight sexually active North Carolina women with either an intrauterine device or tubal ligation provided data for up to three menstrual cycles. These women collected daily urine specimens and kept daily diaries of intercourse and menstrual bleeding. Major estrogen and progesterone metabolites excreted in urine were used to identify the day of ovulation. The fertile days of the cycle were defined as the 6 consecutive days ending with ovulation. Women contributed a total of 171 ovulatory cycles. Menstrual bleeding days were excluded from analysis. RESULTS: The frequency of intercourse rose during the follicular phase, peaking at ovulation and declining abruptly thereafter. The 6 consecutive days with most frequent intercourse corresponded with the 6 fertile days of the menstrual cycle. Intercourse was 24% more frequent during the 6 fertile days than during the remaining non-bleeding days (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There apparently are biological factors that promote intercourse during a woman's 6 fertile days. C1 NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIEHS, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Westat Corp, Durham, NC USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Wilcox, AJ (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, MD A3-05,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM wilcox@niehs.nih.gov OI Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311; Baird, Donna/0000-0002-5544-2653 NR 23 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1161 J9 HUM REPROD JI Hum. Reprod. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 19 IS 7 BP 1539 EP 1543 DI 10.1093/humrep/deh305 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 834GR UT WOS:000222400100008 PM 15190016 ER PT J AU Lin, Q Rikihisa, Y Felek, S Wang, XQ Massung, RF Woldehiwet, Z AF Lin, Q Rikihisa, Y Felek, S Wang, XQ Massung, RF Woldehiwet, Z TI Anaplasma phagocytophilum has a functional msp2 gene that is distinct from p44 SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; MAJOR SURFACE PROTEIN-2; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; MULTIGENE FAMILY; TICK TRANSMISSION; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; NEW-YORK; AGENT; EXPRESSION AB The msp2 and p44 genes encode polymorphic major outer membrane proteins that are considered unique to the intraerythrocytic agent of Anaplasma marginale and the intragranulocytic agent of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, respectively. In the present study, however, we found an msp2 gene in A. phagocytophilum that was remarkably conserved among A. phagocytophilum strains from human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) patients, ticks, and a horse from various regions in the United States, but the gene was different in a sheep isolate from the United Kingdom. The msp2 gene in the A. phagocytophilum strain HZ genome was a single-copy gene and was located downstream of two Ehrlichia chaffeensis omp-1 homologs and a decarboxylase gene (ubiD). The msp2 gene was expressed by A. phagocytophilum in the blood from HGA patients NY36 and NY37 and by A. phagocytophilum isolates from these patients cultured in HL-60 cells at 37degreesC. The msp2 gene was also expressed in a DBA/2 mouse infected by attaching ticks infected with strain NTN-1 and in a horse experimentally infected by attaching strain HZ-infected ticks. However, the transcript of the msp2 gene was undetectable in A. phagocytophilum strain HZ in SCID mice and Ixodes scapularis ticks infected with strain NTN-1. These results indicate that insp2 is functional in various strains of A. phagocytophilum, and relative expression ratios of insp2 to p44 vary in different infected hosts. These findings may be important in understanding roles that Msp2 proteins play in granulocytic ehrlichia infection and evolution of the polymorphic major outer membrane protein gene families in Anaplasma species. C1 Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Liverpool, Dept Vet Pathol, Wirral, Merseyside, England. RP Rikihisa, Y (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, 1925 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM rikihisa.1@osu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 47407, R01 AI 47885, R01 AI047407, R01 AI047885] NR 31 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 72 IS 7 BP 3883 EP 3889 DI 10.1128/IAI.72.7.3883-3889.2004 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 832QU UT WOS:000222282800023 PM 15213131 ER PT J AU Panlilio, AL Orelien, JG Srivastava, PU Jagger, J Cohn, RD Cardo, DM AF Panlilio, AL Orelien, JG Srivastava, PU Jagger, J Cohn, RD Cardo, DM CA NaSH Surveillance Grp EPINet Data Sharing Network TI Estimate of the annual number of percutaneous injuries among hospital-based healthcare workers in the United States, 1997-1998 SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections in Conjunction with the 10th Annual Meeting of SHEA CY MAR 05-09, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA SP SHEA ID NEEDLESTICK INJURIES; HEPATITIS-C; INFECTION; RISK; EXPOSURES; HIV AB OBJECTIVE: To construct a single estimate of the number of percutaneous injuries sustained annually by healthcare workers (HCWs) in the United States. DESIGN: Statistical analysis. METHODS: We combined data collected in 1997 and 1998 at 15 National Surveillance System for Health Care Workers (NaSH) hospitals and 45 Exposure Prevention Information Network (EPINet) hospitals. The combined data, taken as a sample of all U.S. hospitals, were adjusted for underreporting. The estimate of the number of percutaneous injuries nationwide was obtained by weighting the number of percutaneous injuries at each hospital by the number of admissions in all U.S. hospitals relative to the number of admissions at that hospital. RESULTS: The estimated number of percutaneous injuries sustained annually by hospital-based HCWs was 384,325 (95% confidence interval, 311,091 to 463,922). The number of percutaneous injuries sustained by HCWs outside of the hospital setting was not estimated. CONCLUSIONS: Although our estimate is smaller than some previously published estimates of percutaneous injuries among HCWs, its magnitude remains a concern and emphasizes the urgent need to implement prevention strategies. In addition, improved surveillance could be used to monitor injury trends in all healthcare settings and evaluate the impact of prevention interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Constella Grp Inc, Durham, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Virginia, Int Hlth Care Worker Safety Ctr, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Panlilio, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS E-68, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 103 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 25 IS 7 BP 556 EP 562 DI 10.1086/502439 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 837KQ UT WOS:000222629100006 PM 15301027 ER PT J AU Duffy, RE Cleveland, JL Hutin, YJ Cardo, D AF Duffy, RE Cleveland, JL Hutin, YJ Cardo, D TI Evaluating infection control practices among dentists in Valcea, Romania, in 1998 SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERCUTANEOUS INJURIES; MEXICO-CITY; ATTITUDES; INDIVIDUALS; EXPOSURES; BLOOD AB OBJECTIVES: To evaluate infection control knowledge and practices, provide training on universal-standard precautions (USP), and improve infection control knowledge and practices among dentists. SETTING: Private and public dental offices in Valcea, Romania. METHODS: Information about the use of hepatitis B vaccine, knowledge of and training in USP, perceived risks of disease transmission, and infection control practices was gathered from a sample of dentists through interviews, direct observations, and a survey administered during a training session. RESULTS: Interviews among dentists and direct observations of infection control practices revealed that resources were often scarce in public clinics; however, availability of supplies in private or public clinics often did not correlate with adherence to proper infection control. Of 125 registered dentists, 46 (37%) attended the session and completed the survey. Of these, 75% worked in public clinics, 40% in private practices, and a few in both. More than 50% believed that the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was low in their patients compared with the Romanian population. Only 26% of dentists had received hepatitis B vaccine. Dentists reported a mean of six percutaneous injuries a year. Most (89%) reported that gloves were effective in preventing HBV transmission; 24% wore them for every patient. Most used dry heat sterilization; however, chemical disinfectants were also used. CONCLUSIONS: Resources were limited, receipt of hepatitis vaccine was low, and infection control knowledge and practices varied. Training and education are needed regarding the importance of USP, hepatitis B vaccination, and alternative practices when resources are insufficient. C1 CDCP, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Cleveland, OH USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Oral Hlth, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Cardo, D (reprint author), CDCP, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop E-68,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 25 IS 7 BP 570 EP 575 DI 10.1086/502441 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 837KQ UT WOS:000222629100008 PM 15301029 ER PT J AU Comstock, RD Mallonee, S Fox, JL Moolenaar, RL Vogt, TM Perz, JR Bell, BR Crutcher, JM AF Comstock, RD Mallonee, S Fox, JL Moolenaar, RL Vogt, TM Perz, JR Bell, BR Crutcher, JM TI A large nosocomial outbreak of hepatitis C and hepatitis B among patients receiving pain remediation treatments SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; INJECTIONS; RISK; CONTAMINATION; SYRINGES; SPREAD; WARD AB ,BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In August 2002, the Oklahoma State Department of Health received a report of six patients with unexplained hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection treated in the same pain remediation clinic. We investigated the outbreak's extent and etiology. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of clinic patients, including a serologic survey, interviews of infected patients, and reviews of medical records and staff infection control practices. Patients received outpatient pain remediation treatments one afternoon a week in a clinic within a hospital. Cases were defined as HCV or hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections among patients who reported no prior diagnosis or risk factors for disease or reported previous risk factors but had evidence of acute infection. RESULTS: Of 908 patients, 795 (87.6%) were tested, and 71 HCV-infected patients (8.9%) and 31 HBV-infected patients (3.9%) met the case definition. Multiple HCV genotypes were identified. Significantly higher HCV infection rates were found among individuals treated after an HCV-infected patient during the same visit (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 6.2; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 2.4-15.8); a similar association was observed for HBV (AOR, 2.9; CI95, 1.3-6.5). Review of staff practices revealed the nurse anesthetist had been using the same syringe-needle to sequentially administer sedation medications to every treated patient each clinic day. CONCLUSIONS: Reuse of needles-syringes was the mechanism for patient-to-patient transmission of HCV and HBV in this large nosocomial outbreak. Further education and stricter oversight of infection control practices may prevent future outbreaks. C1 Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Comstock, RD (reprint author), Oklahoma Dept Hlth, 1000 NE 10th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. NR 41 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 25 IS 7 BP 576 EP 583 DI 10.1086/502442 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 837KQ UT WOS:000222629100009 PM 15301030 ER PT J AU Pinheiro, GA Antao, VCS Bang, KM Attfield, MD AF Pinheiro, GA Antao, VCS Bang, KM Attfield, MD TI Malignant mesothelioma surveillance: A comparison of ICD 10 mortality data with SEER incidence data in nine areas of the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE mesothelioma; mortality; incidence; surveillance; death certificates; ICD-10; epidemiology ID PLEURAL MESOTHELIOMA; DEATH CERTIFICATES; ASBESTOS; PATTERNS; DISEASE; TRENDS AB With the implementation in 1999 of ICD-10 death certificate coding in the United States, mortality data specific to malignant mesothelioma became readily available on a national basis. To evaluate the accuracy and completeness of diagnosis and coding for mesothelioma on the death certificate, mortality information was compared with incidence data. A mortality/incidence ratio was calculated for each of the nine areas covered by the SEER Program, using National Vital Statistics mortality data from 1999 and 2000, and the SEER incidence data for 1998 and 1999. The mortality/incidence ratio for the two years combined for all areas was 0.82. Only two areas (Connecticut and Atlanta) had ratios < 80%. The overall correlation coefficient between mortality and incidence rates was 0.96. Thus, mortality data coded using ICD-10 can be a valid source for mesothelioma surveillance and can be instituted without major cost if a national mortality statistics program based on ICD-10 is in place, making it feasible even for developing Countries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pinheiro, GA (reprint author), NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd,M-S HG900-2, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ghp6@cdc.gov RI Antao, Vinicius/B-5395-2013 OI Antao, Vinicius/0000-0002-8201-9973 NR 21 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ABEL PUBLICATION SERVICES PI BURLINGTON PA 1611 AQUINAS COURT, BURLINGTON, NC 27215 USA SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 10 IS 3 BP 251 EP 255 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 856VD UT WOS:000224072400002 PM 15473077 ER PT J AU Liu, YC Berode, M Stowe, MH Holm, CT Walsh, FX Slade, MD Boeniger, MF Redlich, CA AF Liu, YC Berode, M Stowe, MH Holm, CT Walsh, FX Slade, MD Boeniger, MF Redlich, CA TI Urinary hexane diamine to assess respiratory exposure to hexamethylene diisocyanate aerosol: A human inhalation study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 97th International Conference of the American-Thoracic-Society CY MAY 18-23, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Thorac Soc DE hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI); hexane diamine (HDA); exposure assessment; biological monitoring; biomarkers; SPRAY ID CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; 1,6-HEXAMETHYLENE DIAMINE; TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE; ISOCYANATES; ASTHMA; AMINES; HDI; PREPOLYMERS; SMOKING AB The use of urinary hexane diamine (HDA) as a biomarker to assess human respiratory exposure to hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) aerosol was evaluated. Twenty-three auto body shop workers were exposed to HDI biuret aerosol for two hours using a closed exposure apparatus. HDI exposures were quantified using both a direct-reading instrument and a treated-filter method. Urine samples collected at baseline, immediately post exposure, and every four to five hours for up to 20 hours were analyzed for HDA using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mean urinary HDA (mug/g creatinine) sharply increased from the baseline value of 0.7 to 18.1 immediately post exposure and decreased rapidly to 4.7, 1.9 and 1.1, respectively, at 4, 9, and 18 hours post exposure. Considerable individual variability was found. Urinary HDA can assess acute respiratory exposure to HDI aerosol, but may have limited use as a biomarker of exposure in the workplace. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Occupat & Environm Med Program, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Univ Lausanne, Inst Occupat Hlth Sci, Lausanne, Switzerland. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Liu, YC (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Occupat & Environm Med Program, 135 Coll St,Room 371, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. EM youcheng.liu@yale.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01RR00125]; NHLBI NIH HHS [1R01HL62932]; NIEHS NIH HHS [K24-ES00355]; NIOSH CDC HHS [1R01OH03457]; PHS HHS [1P50H156389] NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ABEL PUBLICATION SERVICES PI BURLINGTON PA 1611 AQUINAS COURT, BURLINGTON, NC 27215 USA SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 10 IS 3 BP 262 EP 271 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 856VD UT WOS:000224072400004 PM 15473079 ER PT J AU LoBue, RA LeClair, JJ Moser, KS AF LoBue, RA LeClair, JJ Moser, KS TI Contact investigation for cases of pulmonary Mycobacterium bovis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium bovis; tuberculosis; transmission; contact investigation ID TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; ENGLAND; STRAINS; HUMANS AB SETTING: A local tuberculosis control program in San Diego County, California. OBJECTIVE: To determine the yield of contact investigations of pulmonary Mycobacterium bovis cases. DESIGN: Retrospective review of medical records comparing tuberculin skin test (TST) conversion rates found in contact investigations of pulmonary M. bovis cases to conversion rates found in contact investigations of pulmonary M. tuberculosis cases. RESULTS: For the years 1994-2001, we identified 77 contacts of pulmonary M. bovis cases and 469 contacts of M. tuberculosis cases that met the study criteria. TST conversion rates were not significantly different based on species of the source case (13% for M. bovis, 15% for M. tuberculosis, P = 0.20). This finding was also observed when the results were stratified by presence of a cavity on chest X-ray, history of cough at diagnosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status of the source case. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that contact investigations for pulmonary M. bovis cases should be conducted in the same manner as those conducted for pulmonary M. tuberculosis cases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, San Diego, CA USA. Cty San Diego Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, TB Control Program, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP LoBue, RA (reprint author), CDC, DTBE, FSEB, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pg15@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 8 IS 7 BP 868 EP 872 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 837KY UT WOS:000222630000011 ER PT J AU Van Deun, A Ridderhof, J Iademarco, MF Humes, R Bleumink, MB Endo, S Kim, SJ AF Van Deun, A Ridderhof, J Iademarco, MF Humes, R Bleumink, MB Endo, S Kim, SJ TI EQA for AFB smear microscopy manual - In reply SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Letter C1 UNION, Paris, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. APHL, Washington, DC USA. KNCV, The Hague, Netherlands. RIT, JATA, Tokyo, Japan. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Van Deun, A (reprint author), UNION, Paris, France. EM avandeun@iuatld.org; jcr0@cdc.gov; rhumes@aphl.org; adbecx@msn.com; eshochan@f7.dion.ne.jp NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 8 IS 7 BP 920 EP 921 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 837KY UT WOS:000222630000021 ER PT J AU Buchacz, K Hu, DJ Vanichseni, S Mock, PA Chaowanachan, T Srisuwanvilai, LO Gvetadze, R van Griensven, F Tappero, JW Kitayaporn, D Kaewkungwal, J Choopanya, K Mastro, TD AF Buchacz, K Hu, DJ Vanichseni, S Mock, PA Chaowanachan, T Srisuwanvilai, LO Gvetadze, R van Griensven, F Tappero, JW Kitayaporn, D Kaewkungwal, J Choopanya, K Mastro, TD TI Early markers of HIV-1 disease progression in a prospective cohort of seroconverters in Bangkok, Thailand - Implications for vaccine trials SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV-1 vaccine endpoints; vaccine efficacy; early HIV disease progression ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; SURROGATE END-POINTS; INJECTING DRUG-USERS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CD4 CELL COUNT; VIRAL LOAD; RNA LEVELS; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; PROGNOSTIC MARKERS; NATURAL-HISTORY AB Background: Some candidate HIV-1 vaccines may not prevent HIVA infection but may alter the course of disease. Surrogate endpoints based on early laboratory makers in HIV-1-infected persons who are antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive will be useful for evaluating vaccine efficacy in slowing disease progression (VEp). We examined pretreatment HIV-1 viral loads and CD4 cell counts in recent HIV-1 seroconverters to inform selection of these endpoints. Methods: We studied 130 newly HIV-1-infected injection drug users identified from a prospective cohort of initially uninfected persons in Bangkok during 1995 through 1998. We analyzed trends in HIV-1 viral loads and CD4 cell counts as well as progression to the surrogate endpoint, defined as 2 consecutive CD4 cell counts of fewer than 350 cells/mm(3), during 24 months after the first HIV-1 seropositive (FP) visit. Results: Median HIV-1 RNA copies/mL with interquartile ranges were 43,693 (14,320-94,767) at the FP visit, 46,924 (16,273104,314) at 6 months, 28,446 (11,292-54,325) at 12 months, and 18,080 (8713-54,059) at 18 months. HIV-1 viral loads at the FP visit and at 18 months were positively correlated (r = 0.53, P < 0.0001). of 130 participants, 12% reached the surrogate endpoint by 6 months, 16% by 12 months, and 27% by 18 months. In Cox regression analyses, HIV-1 viral loads of more than 50,000 copies/mL at the FP visit (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-4.8) and first CD4 cell count of 500 or fewer cells/mm(3) (HR = 7.6, 95% CI: 3.2-17.6) were independently associated with faster progression to the surrogate endpoint. Conclusions: Participants with high HIV-1 RNA levels and low CD4 cell counts close to the time of seroconversion were more likely to experience early immunologic progression. Approximately one quarter of seroconverters reached the surrogate immunologic endpoint within 18 months of their FP visit and before starting ART, suggesting the utility of this endpoint for analyses of VEp in some ongoing and planned HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. RP Buchacz, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM acu7@cdc.gov RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 36 IS 3 BP 853 EP 860 DI 10.1097/00126334-200407010-00013 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 835KL UT WOS:000222481700012 PM 15213570 ER PT J AU Jones, JF Nisenbaum, R Solomon, L Reyes, M Reeves, WC AF Jones, JF Nisenbaum, R Solomon, L Reyes, M Reeves, WC TI Chronic fatigue syndrome and other fatiguing illnesses in adolescents: A population-based study SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE adolescent; chronic fatigue syndrome; fatiguing illness ID FOLLOW-UP; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; HEALTH; DEFINITION AB Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and describe characteristics of other fatiguing illnesses in adolescents (aged 12 through 17 years). Methods: We conducted a random digit dialing survey of the residents of Wichita, Kansas. Adults identified fatigued adolescents in the household and answered questions relating to the child's health. Selected adolescents were invited to attend a clinic with a parent/ guardian. After clinical evaluation they were classified as CFS or another fatigue state as defined in the 1994 CFS definition. Annual telephone interviews and clinical evaluations monitored subjects' fatigue status. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Mantel-Haenszel test, and the exact McNemar test. Results: The survey contacted 34,018 households with 90,316 residents. Of 8586 adolescents, 138 had fatigue for greater than or equal to1 month and most (107 or 78%) had chronic fatigue (greater than or equal to6 months) at some point during the 3-year follow-up. Twenty-eight had exclusionary diagnoses. Thirty-one were considered to have a CFS-like illness and were invited for clinical evaluation. Eleven agreed to participate and none met the CFS case definition. The baseline weighted prevalence of CFS-like illness was 338 per 100,000. Significant differences existed between parental and adolescents' descriptions of illness. Conclusions: The prevalence of CFS among adolescents was considerably lower than among adults. Evaluation of CFS in adolescents must consider both parent and patient perception of fatigue and other illnesses that might explain the symptom complex. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2004. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Reeves, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop A-15,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wcr1@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD JUL PY 2004 VL 35 IS 1 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003.09.007 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 830VM UT WOS:000222152200005 PM 15193572 ER PT J AU Kruger, J AF Kruger, J TI The public health perspective in risk reduction of chronic disease for older adults SO JOURNAL OF AGING AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1063-8652 J9 J AGING PHYS ACTIV JI J. Aging Phys. Act. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 12 IS 3 BP 402 EP 402 PG 1 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Sport Sciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Sport Sciences GA 840OC UT WOS:000222867500242 ER PT J AU Barr, JR AF Barr, JR TI Biological monitoring of human exposure to chemical warfare agents SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 28 IS 5 BP 305 EP 305 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 842CT UT WOS:000222981200001 PM 15307221 ER PT J AU Lemire, SW Barr, JR Ashley, DL Olson, CT Hayes, TL AF Lemire, SW Barr, JR Ashley, DL Olson, CT Hayes, TL TI Quantitation of biomarkers of exposure to nitrogen mustards in urine from rats dosed with nitrogen mustards and from an unexposed human population SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHOSPHORAMIDE MUSTARD; PLASMA; DNA; ALBUMIN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Med Res & Evaluat Facil, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Lemire, SW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS-F47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM SGL4@CDC.GOV NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 28 IS 5 BP 320 EP 326 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 842CT UT WOS:000222981200005 PM 15239850 ER PT J AU Boyer, AE Ash, D Barr, DB Young, CL Driskell, WJ Whitehead, RD Ospina, M Preston, KE Woolfitt, AR Martinez, RA Silks, LA Barr, JR AF Boyer, AE Ash, D Barr, DB Young, CL Driskell, WJ Whitehead, RD Ospina, M Preston, KE Woolfitt, AR Martinez, RA Silks, LA Barr, JR TI Quantitation of the sulfur mustard metabolites 1, 1 '-sulfonylbis[2-(methylthio)ethane] and thiodiglycol in urine using isotope-dilution gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BETA-LYASE METABOLITES; BIOLOGICAL FATE; HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS; ALLEGED ATTACK; 1,1'-THIOBIS(2-CHLOROETHANE); IDENTIFICATION; VICTIMS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jbarr@cdc.gov RI Ospina, Maria/C-5111-2012; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 13 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 7 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 28 IS 5 BP 327 EP 332 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 842CT UT WOS:000222981200006 PM 15239851 ER PT J AU Noort, D Fidder, A Hulst, AG Woolfitt, AR Ash, D Barr, JR AF Noort, D Fidder, A Hulst, AG Woolfitt, AR Ash, D Barr, JR TI Retrospective detection of exposure to sulfur mustard: Improvements on an assay for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of albumin/sulfur mustard adducts SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN SERUM-ALBUMIN; CYSTEINE-34 C1 TNO, Prins Maurits Lab, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, NL-2280 AA Rijswijk, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Noort, D (reprint author), TNO, Prins Maurits Lab, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, POB 45, NL-2280 AA Rijswijk, Netherlands. EM noortd@pml.tno.nl NR 7 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 28 IS 5 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 842CT UT WOS:000222981200007 PM 15239852 ER PT J AU Young, CL Ash, D Driskell, WJ Boyer, AE Martinez, RA Silks, LA Barr, JR AF Young, CL Ash, D Driskell, WJ Boyer, AE Martinez, RA Silks, LA Barr, JR TI A rapid, sensitive method for the quantitation of specific metabolites of sulfur mustard in human urine using isotope-dilution gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BETA-LYASE METABOLITES; BIOLOGICAL FATE; HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS; ALLEGED ATTACK; THIODIGLYCOL; 1,1'-THIOBIS(2-CHLOROETHANE); IDENTIFICATION; VICTIMS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lBarr@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 28 IS 5 BP 339 EP 345 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 842CT UT WOS:000222981200008 PM 15239853 ER PT J AU Degenhardt, CEAM Pleijsier, K van der Schans, MJ Langenberg, JP Preston, KE Solano, MI Maggio, VL Barr, JR AF Degenhardt, CEAM Pleijsier, K van der Schans, MJ Langenberg, JP Preston, KE Solano, MI Maggio, VL Barr, JR TI Improvements of the fluoride reactivation method for the verification of nerve agent exposure SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; RETROSPECTIVE DETECTION; TOKYO SUBWAY; SARIN; VICTIMS; SOMAN; PHOSPHONYLATION; PROTEINS C1 TNO, Prins Maurits Lab, NL-2280 AA Rijswijk, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Degenhardt, CEAM (reprint author), TNO, Prins Maurits Lab, POB 45, NL-2280 AA Rijswijk, Netherlands. NR 17 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 28 IS 5 BP 364 EP 371 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 842CT UT WOS:000222981200012 PM 15239857 ER PT J AU Barr, JR Driskell, WJ Aston, LS Martinez, RA AF Barr, JR Driskell, WJ Aston, LS Martinez, RA TI Quantification of metabolites of the nerve agents sarin, soman, cyclohexylsarin, VX, and Russian VX in human urine using isotope-dilution gas chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ISOPROPYL METHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; SPECTROMETRIC DETERMINATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHOTOMETRIC DETECTION; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS; SAMPLES; SERUM; PENTAFLUOROBENZYLATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, DLS, ERAT, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Stable Isotope Resource Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, DLS, ERAT, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MC F47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JBarr@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 28 IS 5 BP 372 EP 378 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 842CT UT WOS:000222981200013 PM 15239858 ER PT J AU Chiller, TM Barrett, T Angulo, FJ AF Chiller, TM Barrett, T Angulo, FJ TI CDC studies incorrectly summarized in 'critical review' SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Letter DE antimicrobial resistance; food animals ID UNITED-STATES; SALMONELLA; INFECTIONS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chiller, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tnc3@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 54 IS 1 BP 275 EP 276 DI 10.1093/jac/dkh263 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 836LV UT WOS:000222558100055 PM 15140861 ER PT J AU McGregor, KF Spratt, BG Kalia, A Bennett, A Bilek, N Beall, B Bessen, DE AF McGregor, KF Spratt, BG Kalia, A Bennett, A Bilek, N Beall, B Bessen, DE TI Multilocus sequence typing of Streptococcus pyogenes representing most known emm types and distinctions among subpopulation genetic structures SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; M-PROTEIN; RECOMBINATION; GENOTYPES; THROAT; LOCUS; LOCALIZATION; POPULATIONS; PATHOGENS; EPITOPES AB A long-term goal is to characterize the full range of genetic diversity within Streptococcus pyogenes as it exists in the world today. Since the emm locus is subject to strong diversifying selection, emm type was used as a guide for identifying a genetically diverse set of strains. This report contains a description of multilocus sequence typing based on seven housekeeping loci for 495 isolates representing 158 emm types, yielding 238 unique combinations of sequence type and emm type. A genotypic marker for tissue site preference (emm pattern) revealed that only 17% of the emm types displayed the marker representing strong preference for infection at the throat and that 39% of emm types had the marker for skin tropism, whereas 41% of emm types harbored the marker for no obvious tissue site preference. As a group, the emm types bearing the emm pattern marker indicative of no obvious tissue site preference were far less likely to have two distinct emm types associated with the same sequence type than either of the two subpopulations having markers for strong tissue tropisms (P < 0.002). In addition, all genetic diversification events clearly ascribed to a recombinational mechanism involved strains of only two of the emm pattern-defined subpopulations, those representing skin specialists and generalists. The findings suggest that the population genetic structure differs for the tissue-defined subpopulations of S. pyogenes. The observed differences may partly reflect differential host immune selection pressures. C1 New York Med Coll, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England. RP Bessen, DE (reprint author), New York Med Coll, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. EM debra_bessen@nymc.edu RI Spratt, Brian/A-1676-2009 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI053826, R01 AI053826, R56 AI053826]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM60793, R01 GM060793] NR 34 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 186 IS 13 BP 4285 EP 4294 DI 10.1128/JB.186.13.4285-4294.2004 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 831JA UT WOS:000222189500026 PM 15205431 ER PT J AU Fouad, MN Mayo, CP Funkhouser, EM Hall, HI Urban, DA Kiefe, CI AF Fouad, MN Mayo, CP Funkhouser, EM Hall, HI Urban, DA Kiefe, CI TI Comorbidity independently predicted death in older prostate cancer patients, more of whom died with than from their disease SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; comorbidity; mortality; retrospective studies; prostatic neoplasms/EH (ethnology); prostatic neoplasms/EP (epidemiology) ID LONG-TERM SURVIVAL; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; MEN; MORTALITY; ADENOCARCINOMA; CARCINOMA; OUTCOMES; TRENDS AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the proportion of men who died from prostate cancer (PrCa) vs. with PrCa and assess the comorbid conditions associated with other-cause deaths. Study Design and Setting: We identified all male decedents aged greater than or equal to65 years in Jefferson County, AL, in 1993-1995. By crosslinking three databases (death certificate, Medicare, and Veteran's Administration), we identified men whose deaths might have been caused by PrCa. We abstracted and reviewed medical records to rate comorbid conditions and determine whether or not death was due to PrCa. Results: Of 561 men with a premortem diagnosis of PrCa, 42% died from PrCa and 53% died with PrCA; 50.2% of blacks died from PrCa vs. 36.9% of Whites. Other factors related to dying with PrCa included older age at death and a serious, or very serious, comorbid condition. Treatment did not have an independent effect on cause of death (i.e., death with vs. from PrCa). Conclusions: Comorbidity was an independent predictor of dying with PrCa, even after adjustment for ethnicity, age, and treatment. Given the as yet unproven benefit of PrCa screening, our results extend the body of information relevant to the screening decision; among men dying with a diagnosis of PrCa, only about 1/3 to 1/2 died from the disease. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, Div Prevent Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. VAMC, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Fouad, MN (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Div Prevent Med, 1530 3rd Ave S,MT 618, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM mfouad@mail.dopm.uab.edu FU AHRQ HHS [HS09446]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU 409679] NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 57 IS 7 BP 721 EP 729 DI 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.11.009 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 856VB UT WOS:000224072200008 PM 15358400 ER PT J AU Roy, SL DeLong, SM Stenzel, SA Shiferaw, B Roberts, JM Khalakdina, A AF Roy, SL DeLong, SM Stenzel, SA Shiferaw, B Roberts, JM Khalakdina, A TI Risk factors for sporadic cryptosporidiosis among immunocompetent persons in the United States from 1999 to 2001 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-WATER SUPPLIES; MASSIVE OUTBREAK; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; MILWAUKEE; GIARDIA; IRRIGATION; PARASITES; WISCONSIN AB Many studies have evaluated the role of Cryptosporidium spp. in outbreaks of enteric illness, but few studies have evaluated sporadic cryptosporidiosis in the United States. To assess the risk factors for sporadic cryptosporidiosis among immunocompetent persons, a matched case-control study was conducted in seven sites of the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) involving 282 persons with laboratory-identified cryptosporidiosis and 490 age-matched and geographically matched controls. Risk factors included international travel (odds ratio [OR] = 7.7; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 2.7 to 22.0), contact with cattle (OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.8 to 6.8), contact with persons >2 to 11 years of age with diarrhea (OR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.5 to 6.2), and freshwater swimming (OR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.049 to 3.5). Eating raw vegetables was protective (OR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.3 to 0.7). This study underscores the need for ongoing public health education to prevent cryptosporidiosis, particularly among travelers, animal handlers, child caregivers, and swimmers, and the need for further assessment of the role of raw vegetables in cryptosporidiosis. C1 Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta VA Med Ctr, Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Decatur, GA USA. Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Branch, Div Commun Dis Control, Berkeley, CA USA. Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, Albany, NY USA. RP Roy, SL (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Educ Informat & Partnership Branch, Immunizat Serv Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 73 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 42 IS 7 BP 2944 EP 2951 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.7.2944-2951.2004 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 837WN UT WOS:000222672100012 PM 15243043 ER PT J AU Ghannoum, MA Chaturvedi, V Espinel-Ingroff, A Pfaller, MA Rinaldi, MG Lee-Yang, W Warnock, DW AF Ghannoum, MA Chaturvedi, V Espinel-Ingroff, A Pfaller, MA Rinaldi, MG Lee-Yang, W Warnock, DW TI Intra- and interlaboratory study of a method for testing the antifungal susceptibilities of dermatophytes SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRICHOPHYTON-RUBRUM; COLLABORATIVE EVALUATION; MICRODILUTION METHOD; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; TERBINAFINE; RESISTANCE; GROWTH AB The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) M38-A standard for the susceptibility testing of conidium-forming filamentous fungi does not explicitly address the testing of dermatophytes. This multicenter study, involving six laboratories, investigated the MIC reproducibility of seven antifungal agents tested against 25 dermatophyte isolates (5 blinded pairs of five dermatophyte species per site for a total of 300 tests), using the method of dermatophyte testing developed at the Center for Medical Mycology, Cleveland, Ohio. The dermatophytes tested included Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton tonsurans, Epidermophyton floccosum, and Microsporum canis. Seven antifungals with activity against dermatophytes were tested, including ciclopirox, fluconazole, griseofulvin, itraconazole, posaconazole, terbinaline, and voriconazole. Interlaboratory MICs for all isolates were in 92 to 100% agreement at a visual endpoint reading of 50% inhibition as compared to the growth control and 88 to 99% agreement at a visual endpoint reading of 80% inhibition as compared to the growth control. Intralaboratory MICs between blinded pairs were in 97% agreement at a visual endpoint reading of 50% inhibition as compared to the growth control and 96% agreement at a visual endpoint reading of 80% inhibition as compared to the growth control. Data from this study support consideration of this method as an amendment to the NCCLS M38-A standard for the testing of dermatophytes. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Univ Hosp Cleveland, Ctr Med Mycol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. State New York, Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Lab Serv, Audie L Murphy Mem Vet Hosp, San Antonio, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ghannoum, MA (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Univ Hosp Cleveland, Ctr Med Mycol, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM mag3@cwru.edu NR 13 TC 56 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 42 IS 7 BP 2977 EP 2979 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.7.2977-2979.2004 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 837WN UT WOS:000222672100016 PM 15243047 ER PT J AU Courtney, JW Kostelnik, LM Zeidner, NS Massung, RF AF Courtney, JW Kostelnik, LM Zeidner, NS Massung, RF TI Multiplex real-time PCR for detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; BORNE PATHOGENS; RHODE-ISLAND; AGENT; TICKS; SEQUENCE; VECTOR; MICE AB A multiplex real-time PCR assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi. The assay was tested on various Anaplasma, Borrelia, Erhlichia, and Rickettsia species, as well as on Bartonella henselae and Escherichia coli, and the assay was found to be highly specific for A. phagocytophilum and the Borrelia species tested (B. burgdorferi, B. parkeri, B. andersonii, and B. bissettii). The analytical sensitivity of the assay is comparable to that of previously described nested PCR assays (A. phagocytophilum, 16S rRNA; B. burgdorferi,fla gene), amplifying the equivalent of one-eighth of an A. phagocytophilum-infected cell and 50 borrelia spirochetes. The dynamic range of the assay for both A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi was greater than or equal to4 logs of magnitude. Purified DNA from A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi was spiked into DNA extracted from uninfected ticks and from negative control mouse and human bloods, and these background DNAs were shown to have no significant effect on sensitivity or specificity of the assay. The assay was tested on field-collected Ixodes scapularis ticks and shown to have 100% concordance compared to previously described non-probe-based PCR assays. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a real-time multiplex PCR assay that can be used for the simultaneous and rapid screening of samples for A. phagocytophilum and Borrelia species, two of the most common tick-borne infectious agents in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Massung, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rfm2@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 171 Z9 175 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 42 IS 7 BP 3164 EP 3168 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.7.3164-3168.2004 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 837WN UT WOS:000222672100046 PM 15243077 ER PT J AU Kucerova, Z Moura, H Leitch, GJ Sriram, R Bern, C Kawai, V Vargas, D Gilman, RH Ticona, E Vivar, A Visvesvara, GS AF Kucerova, Z Moura, H Leitch, GJ Sriram, R Bern, C Kawai, V Vargas, D Gilman, RH Ticona, E Vivar, A Visvesvara, GS TI Purification of Enterocytozoon bieneusi spores from stool specimens by gradient and cell sorting techniques SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; MICROSPORIDIAN SPORES; INFECTION; ENCEPHALITOZOON; PATIENT; WATER; AIDS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; FRACTIONATION AB A three-step method for the purification of Enterocytozoon bieneusi spores from stool specimens was developed. The primary process of purification of the spores from bacterial contaminants involved Percoll gradient centrifugation followed by additional separation using cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation. The cesium chloride-isolated spores were further purified using a flow cytometer with cell sorting capabilities. Sorting was performed without the use of antibodies, fluorochromes, or dyes, leaving the sorted spores in their native state, which appears to be less destructive for spores. When quantified by flow cytometry using tubes with known numbers of highly fluorescent polystyrene beads, the sorted material showed a slight decrease in light scatter characteristics compared with the slightly larger Encephalitozoon species spores. Although the overall recovery of the E. bieneusi spores was low, callcofluor and Gram chromotrope staining, indirect immunofluorescence assay, and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the sorted material was highly purified and contained large numbers of E. bieneusi spores and relatively few bacteria and other debris. The sorted material appeared to be sufficiently pure and could be used for in vitro culture and for the development of a variety of diagnostic reagents as well as in studying the genome of E. bieneusi and host-parasite interactions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Physiol, Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Hosp Dos Mayo, Asoc Benefica PRISMA, Lima, Peru. Hosp Arzobisop Loayza, Lima, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Kucerova, Z (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop F-36, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ZIK0@CDC.GOV FU NCRR NIH HHS [G12 RR003034, RR03034] NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 42 IS 7 BP 3256 EP 3261 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.7.3256-3261.2004 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 837WN UT WOS:000222672100059 PM 15243090 ER PT J AU Brandt, ME Kauffman, CA Pappas, PG Iqbal, N Arthington-Skaggs, BA Lee-Yang, W Smith, MT AF Brandt, ME Kauffman, CA Pappas, PG Iqbal, N Arthington-Skaggs, BA Lee-Yang, W Smith, MT TI Fungemia caused by Zygoascus hellenicus in an allogeneic stem cell transplant recipient SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO ACTIVITIES; ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE; FLUCONAZOLE; CANDIDEMIA; BLOOD; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATHOGENS AB Zygoascus hellenicus (Candida hellenica) was isolated from a blood culture from a patient who had received an allogeneic stem cell transplant. The isolate displayed an antifungal susceptibility pattern of decreased susceptibility to fluconazole and itraconazole, high susceptibility to voriconazole, and low susceptibility to caspofungin. The organism was misidentified by a commercial yeast identification system. This is the first reported case of human infection with this rare ascomycetous yeast. C1 CDCP, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vet Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare Syst, Div Infect Dis, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Centraalbur Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Brandt, ME (reprint author), CDCP, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mbb4@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 42 IS 7 BP 3363 EP 3365 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.7.3363-3365.2004 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 837WN UT WOS:000222672100087 PM 15243118 ER PT J AU Yang, CF Li, M Cowart, F Rudolph, D Parekh, B McDougal, JS Lal, RB AF Yang, CF Li, M Cowart, F Rudolph, D Parekh, B McDougal, JS Lal, RB TI Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 from HIV-1 seropositive cases with undetectable viremia SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; diagnostics; HIV-1 RNA or DNA ID LONG-TERM NONPROGRESSORS; VIRAL LOAD; INFECTIONS; SUBTYPE; RESTRICTION; PRIMERS; RISK; POL AB Background: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral load has become a standard of care among HIV-1-infected patients; however, a small number of patients have undetectable viral load even though they have never been treated. Methods: By using RT-PCR and DNA-PCR, and followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, a detailed molecular characterization was carried out from five HIV-1-seropositive patients who had undetectable viral load by commercially available ultrasensitive viral load assays. Results: Of the four patients whose plasmas were available, viral RNAs were detected in three of them by using an in-house RT-PCR in at least one of the three regions (integrase, protease or envgp41). The fourth patient had positive RT-PCR signals in these regions only,. when RNA isolated from the supernatant of cocultivated patient PBLs with PHA-stimulated HIV-1 negative donor PBLs was used. Further analysis of DNA extracted from the PBMCs revealed that four of the five patients had detectable proviral sequences in at least two of the three regions. The fifth patient had only positive PCR results in all three regions when DNA isolated from PHA-stimulated patient's PBLs was used. Phylogenetic analysis of protease and envgp41 regions revealed that three patients were infected with subtype B viruses while the. remaining two patients were infected with subtype C and CRF02_AG viruses. These subtypes coincided with geographic origin and known molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 infection. Conclusion: These data provide evidence that both subtype B and non-B HIV-1 infection can result in undetectable viral load in HIV-1-infected patients and that efforts should continue to further characterize these viruses. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CDCP, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Yang, CF (reprint author), CDCP, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mail Stop D-12,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cyang1@cdc.gov RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 30 IS 3 BP 224 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2003.11.007 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 826RJ UT WOS:000221845900005 PM 15135739 ER PT J AU Granade, TC Parekh, BS Phillips, SK McDougal, JS AF Granade, TC Parekh, BS Phillips, SK McDougal, JS TI Performance of the OraQuick (R) and Hema-Strip (R) rapid HIV antibody detection assays by non-laboratorians SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE OraQuick((R)); Hema-Strip((R)); rapid HIV antibody tests; non-laboratorians ID BLOOD-GLUCOSE; TECHNOLOGY; HOME AB Rapid HIV antibody tests (RT) now permit HIV screening in settings where laboratory personnel may not be available. This study assessed the ability of 99 individuals with no laboratory experience to conduct two RT, OraQuick(R) and Hema-Strip(R); these results were compared with those generated by laboratory professionals. All participants received written instructions and one-half also received a short demonstration. Error rates ranged from 2.1% to 4.6% with or without a demonstration. However, the number of invalid tests was greatly reduced when participants received a demonstration. Appropriate RT training for non-laboratorians and continued monitoring of HIV RT performance in non-laboratory settings is recommended. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 CDCP, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Granade, TC (reprint author), CDCP, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS D-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tgranade@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 30 IS 3 BP 229 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2003.12.006 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 826RJ UT WOS:000221845900006 PM 15135740 ER EF